title: Emperor of India

text: Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli is usually credited with creating the title for her. Also, the title was created when it became evident that Queen Victoria's daughter, Victoria, Princess Royal, would become an empress when her husband ascended the German imperial throne, many people thought it was wrong for the daughter to be an empress while her mother was just a Queen.


title: Emperor of India

text: When Victoria died, and her son Edward VII ascended the throne, his title became "Emperor of India". The title continued until India and Pakistan became independent from the United Kingdom at midnight on 14/15 August 1947.


title: Emperor of India

text: When signing their name for Indian business, a British King-Emperor or the Queen-Empress used the initials "R I" ("Rex/Regina Imperator/Imperatrix") or the shorter version "Ind. Imp." ("Indiae Imperator/Imperatrix") after their name. This was also used on many British coins, including some 1948 coins of George VI.


title: Emperor of India

text: George VI continued to hold the title King of India for two years during the short Governor-Generalships of Lord Mountbatten and of C. Rajagopalachari until India became a republic on 26 January 1950. George VI remained as King of the United Kingdom and King of Pakistan until his death in 1952. Pakistan became a republic on 23 March 1956, Elizabeth II was Queen of Pakistan for four years.


title: Hinamatsuri

text: , also called Doll's Day or Girls' Day, is a special day in Japan. "Hinamatsuri" is celebrated each year on March 3. This is a day for thinking about the happiness and health of young girls in Japanese families.


title: Hinamatsuri

text: Since the 8th century, it was traditional to have special days for children twice a year—March 3 for girls and May 5 for boys.


title: Hinamatsuri

text: The focus of attention on "Hinamatsuri" is a display of dolls which are dressed in the fashion of the Heian period. The group of dolls represent the Imperial court ("hina ningyō").


title: Hinamatsuri

text: The Kantō region and Kansai region have different placement orders of the dolls from left to right, but the order of dolls per level are the same.


title: Bird cage

text: A bird cage (sometimes birdcage) is a cage to hold a bird. Bird cages are used in the home to contain a pet bird, such as a parakeet or a canary. Bird cages used in the home are made of metal wire. A bird cage usually has seed and water dishes, a cuttle bone, and toys such as little bells and mirrors. However, the best ones available are shredding and foraging toys, which are more expensive than the "classic" bird accessories. These keep the birds engaged and prevent boredom. There are perches for the bird to sit on. A cage may be hung from a ceiling or a floor stand. The floor of the cage is usually lined with some sort of paper to absorb the bird's droppings, water spills, etc.


title: Bird cage

text: When a bird cage is round, tall and narrow or made of galvanized metal it should be avoided. Round cages confuse the birds and cause behavioral issues due to their shape, narrow and tall cages don't let the bird fly properly and any type of galvanized metal can potentially cause a lethal heavy metal intoxication.


title: Bird cage

text: Bird cages should be at least 18x18x18 inches when it comes to small birds. For bigger species an aviary can be the best option.


title: Bird cage

text: If a bird is going to be caged many hours everyday it will need at least a small aviary with a lot of shredding and foraging toys to not develop behavioral issues such as feather plucking.


title: Whoopee cushion

text: A whoopee cushion, also known as a razzberry Cushion, is a practical joke device, used in a form of flatulence humour. It produces a noise resembling a "raspberry" or human flatulence. It is made from two sheets of rubber that are glued together at the edges. There is a small opening with a flap at one end for air to enter and leave the cushion. It is used by first inflating with air, then place it under a chair cushion for an unsuspecting victim to sit on. It is intended to embarrass the person. The Roman Empress Elagabalus was known to use an early version of a whoopee cushions at dinner parties. It is very similar to a pig-bladder used by court Jesters in the middle ages. It would produce the same results. The modern version was re-invented in the 1920s by the JEM Rubber Co. of Toronto, Canada. Employees were experimenting with scrap sheets of rubber to produce the gag item.


title: Staphylococcal infection

text: A staphylococcal infection (also called staph infection) is an infection caused by a "Staphylococcus" bacterium. Staphylococcus can cause many different infections. It can also cause food poisoning.


title: Staphylococcal infection

text: "Staphylococcus aureus" is a staphylococcus bacterium that can cause dangerous or even fatal diseases. Because "Staphylococcus aureus" can live on dry surfaces, such as doorknobs or tables, for longer than most bacteria, someone can get sick from "Staphylococcus aureus" from touching one of those surfaces if someone with a staphylococcal infection has touched it even if there is nobody who has a staphylococcal infection near them. "Staphylococcus aureus" can also cause toxic shock syndrome by releasing toxins into the bloodstream.


title: Staphylococcal infection

text: Methicillin-resistant "Staphylococcus aureus" is "Staphylococcus aureus" that is not cured by the antibiotic Methicillin or any other penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics. This is called antibiotic resistance. Because penicillin and cephalosporin are the most important drugs that doctors use to treat "Staphylococcus aureus" infections, doctors may not be able to cure people with MRSA.


title: Staphylococcal infection

text: Other "Staphylococcus" bacteria can cause infections, including "Staphylococcus epidermidis" and "Staphylococcus saprophyticus". "Staphylococcus epidermidis" is a bacterium that is normally on the skin. If someone has a disease that makes his or her immune system work badly, this bacterium might give him or her an infection. "Staphylococcus saprophyticus" can cause urinary tract infections in women.


title: Haifa

text: Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, at the base of Mount Carmel. It is the third-largest city in the country and an important sea port and industrial center.


title: Eusébio

text: Eusébio (25 January 1942 – 5 January 2014) was a Portuguese football player. He played for Portugal national team and Benfica. He is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time.


title: Shovel

text: A shovel is a tool used for moving loose material. Shovels have a flat bottom head which is angled slightly from the handle to enable scooping and moving of material.


title: Shovel

text: Although a shovel can be used for digging, it is much less efficient than a spade. Spades are straight, and transmit force straight downwards. Shovels move loose material, such as coal, snow, gravel etc. They are usually made of metal at the bottom, and wood is sometimes used for the handle.


title: Tadpole

text: A tadpole or polliwog is the larva of a frog. It breathes water and lives in the water. Tadpoles hatch from small eggs.


title: Suez

text: Suez (, Egyptian pronunciation "Es Suwais") is a town in Northern Egypt, on the coast of the Gulf of Suez. Almost 750.000 people live in the city. The city is the southern terminus of the Suez Canal. It has two harbours, and a large seaport. An oil refinery is in Suez. Highways and railroad tracks connect Suez to the cities of Cairo, Port Said and Ismailia.


title: Tadpole

text: Frog eggs are round and toad eggs are laid in long strings. Like bird eggs, they have nutrients (food) inside them for the young animal to grow before it hatches.


title: Tadpole

text: Most types of tadpole eat only plants, for example algae on rocks. Some types of tadpole eat plants and animals, even other smaller tadpoles.


title: Tadpole

text: After some time, the tadpoles begin to grow legs: first the hind legs and then the front legs. Then they are called froglets. Soon after, froglets grow lungs and begin to breathe air and lose their tails. The tail disappears because the cells in the tail gently die. Each tadpole's mouth changes from small to as wide as its head. Its intestines become shorter. They grow larger, and eventually become adults.


title: Tadpole

text: How fast or slow the eggs hatch and how fast or slow the tadpole becomes a froglet is different in different frogs. Some tadpoles take months to become frogs. Some stay tadpoles all winter and do not become frogs until the next spring, or even three years later. Some frogs lay their eggs in bodies of water that are only there in the spring and dry up in the summer, so the tadpoles must become frogs in only a few weeks.


title: Capacitance

text: Capacitance is the ability of a body to store electric charge. A common device to do such task is a capacitor. The SI unit for capacitance is "farad".


title: Still life

text: A still life is a work of art, most often a painting. In a still life, objects like flowers, fruit, or glasses are arranged in a certain way, and then painted. Most still lifes are of inanimate objects manmade or natural.Still life painting has been popular since the 17th century, when Dutch painters like Adriaen Coorte raised it to a fine art. However, the idea is old: examples can be found in antiquity. With a still life, the artist can focus more on composition and arrangement than with other forms of painting, such as landscape painting or portraiture.


title: China Central Television

text: China Central Television or Chinese Central Television, commonly abbreviated as CCTV, is the major state television broadcaster in mainland China.


title: China Central Television

text: CCTV has a network of 50 channels. Each channel broadcasts different programs to more than one billion viewers. The CCTV programs are a mixture of documentary, comedy, entertainment, and drama.


title: Location

text: In geography, the term location or geographical location is the place or location used to identify a point on the surface of the Earth or any other place in relation to the countries and bodies of water adjacent to this place. It can also be determined by the 360-degree longitude lines separated by the Greenwich line to 180 degrees east and 180 degrees west; a coordinate system. The 180 degrees latitude are divided by the equator into 90 degrees north and 90 degrees south.


title: Walpurgis Night

text: Walpurgis Night ("Valborgsmässoafton" in Swedish, "Vappu" in Finnish, "Volbriöö" in Estonian, "Valpurģu nakts" or "Valpurģi" in Latvian, "Walpurgisnacht" in German), "Čarodějnice" in Czech is a holiday celebrated on April 30 or May 1, in Finland, Sweden, Bohemia (Czech Republic), Estonia, Latvia and Germany.


title: Walpurgis Night

text: The festival is named after Saint Walburga (known in Scandinavia as "Valborg"; alternative forms are "Walpurgis", "Wealdburg", or "Valderburger"), born in Wessex in 710 a niece of Saint Boniface. According to legend, she was a daughter to the Saxon prince St. Richard. Together with her brothers she travelled to Württemberg, Germany where she became a nun and lived in the convent of Heidenheim, which was founded by her brother Wunibald. Walburga died on 25 February 779 and that day still carries her name in the Catholic calendar. However she was not made a saint until 1 May in the same year, and that day carries her name in the Swedish calendar.


title: Walpurgis Night

text: Historically the Walpurgisnacht is derived from Pagan spring customs, where the arrival of spring was celebrated with bonfires at night. Viking fertility celebrations took place around April 30 and due to Walburga being declared a saint at that time of year, her name became associated with the celebrations. Walburga was worshipped in the same way that Vikings had celebrated spring and as they spread throughout Europe, the two dates became mixed together and created the Walpurgis Night celebration.


title: Walpurgis Night

text: In Germany, Walpurgisnacht, the night from April 30 to May 1, is the night when allegedly the witches hold a large celebration on the Blocksberg and await the arrival of Spring. When the travel to that mountain is too far, they may also chose another hill in the region they live.


title: Walpurgis Night

text: ""Walpurgis Night (in German folklore) the night of April 30 (May Day's eve), when witches meet on the Brocken mountain and hold revels with their Gods...""


title: Walpurgis Night

text: ""Brocken the highest of the Harz Mountains of north central Germany. It is noted for the phenomenon of the Brocken spectre and for witches' revels which reputably took place there on Walpurgis night.


title: Walpurgis Night

text: The Brocken Spectre is a magnified shadow of an observer, typically surrounded by rainbow-like bands, thrown onto a bank of cloud in high mountain areas when the sun is low. The phenomenon was first reported on the Brocken.""


title: Henry Campbell-Bannerman

text: Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (7 September 1836 - 22 April 1908) was a Scottish- born British Liberal statesman. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 5 December 1905 until resigning because of bad health on 3 April 1908.


title: Henry Campbell-Bannerman

text: Campbell-Bannerman was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1836 as Henry Campbell. The surname "Bannerman" was added to his surname in 1871 as required by his uncle's will. It was a requirement of his inheritance of his uncle's Kent estate, Hunton Court.


title: Henry Campbell-Bannerman

text: Seriously ill by the time of his resignation as Prime Minister, he died just nineteen days later. He remains the most recent Prime Minister to die in 10 Downing Street.


title: Kraken

text: Kraken are legendary sea monsters of gargantuan size, said to have dwelt off the coasts of Norway and Iceland. The sheer size and fearsome appearance attributed to the beasts have made them common ocean-dwelling monsters in various fictional works.


title: Kraken

text: The legend may actually have originated from sightings of real giant squid that are variously estimated to grow to 13–15 m (40–50 ft) in length, including the tentacles.


title: Judea (Roman province)

text: Judea was a small third-class province in the Roman Empire. It occupied the same area as modern Israel and Palestine. For centuries Judea had been under the rule of the Seleucid Empire. As that empire broke down, Rome gradually took control of the eastern parts of the Mediterranean. By 64 BC, after nearly two centuries of independent rule, those struggling for the Judean crown asked Emperor Pompey the Great to decide. Pompey stepped in and made Judea a client state. It briefly became a procuratorship between 41 and 44 AD under King Herod Agrippa. After his death it was returned to a province again. It was the scene of several wars called the Jewish–Roman wars. In 70 AD it was the scene of the Great Jewish Revolt resulting in the institution of the Fiscus Judaicus. After Bar Kokhba's revolt (132–135), the Roman Emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina. The name Jerusalem was changed to Aelia Capitolina.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: The Science Museum is one of the three large museums on Exhibition Road, London. It is part of the National Museum of Science and Industry. The museum is a big tourist attraction in London. The science museum is a great place.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: It has been free to enter the Science Museum since 1 December 2001. This is because it is paid for by the government. People may have to pay to enter the temporary exhibitions.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: Bennet Woodcroft started a museum in 1857. He used items from the Royal Society of Arts and the Great Exhibition. It included some machinery which became the "Museum of Patents" in 1858, and the "Patent Office Museum" in 1863. In 1883, the things held in the Patent Office Museum were moved to the South Kensington Museum. In 1885, the Science Collections were renamed the "Science Museum". In 1893, the "Science Museum" got a separate leader. The Art Collections were renamed the "Art Museum", which later became the Victoria and Albert Museum.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: When Queen Victoria laid the foundation stone for the new building for the Art Museum, she said that the museum must be renamed after herself and her dead husband. The whole museum was named after them, but when that new building opened ten years later, the name was only for the Art Collections and the Science Collections were renamed. On June 26, 1909 the Science Museum, as an independent entity, came into existence. The Science Museum’s home today, designed by Sir Richard Allison, were opened to the public over time between 1919–28. This building was known as the East Block, building of which began in 1913 and was stopped during World War I. As the name suggests it was intended to be the first building of a much larger project, which was never made.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: Although called a museum of science, it is really more a museum of industry. It has working models and real equipment from the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the great Victorian engineering, the age of aeroplanes and space in the 20th century.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: The Science Museum holds over 300,000 items, including such famous items as Stephenson's Rocket, Puffing Billy (the oldest surviving steam locomotive), the first jet engine, a remake of Francis Crick and James Watson's model of DNA, some of the earliest remaining steam engines, a working example of Charles Babbage's Difference engine (and the latter, preserved half brain), the first prototype (draft model) of the 10,000-year Clock of the Long Now, and documentation of the first typewriter. It also contains hundreds of interactive exhibits. A recent addition is the IMAX 3D Cinema showing science and nature documentaries, most of them in 3-D, and the Wellcome Wing which focuses on digital technology.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: The museum houses some of the many objects collected by Henry Wellcome that have to do with medicine. The fourth floor exhibit is called "Glimpses of Medical History", with reconstructions and dioramas of the history of medicine. The fifth floor gallery is called "Science and the Art of Medicine", with exhibits of medical instruments and practices from ancient days and from many countries. The collection has a lot of items from clinical medicine, the biosciences, and public health. The museum is a member of the London Museums of Health & Medicine.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: The Science Museum has a dedicated library, and until the 1960s was Britain's National Library for Science, Medicine and Technology. It holds runs of periodicals, early books and manuscripts, and is used by scholars worldwide. It has for a number of years been run in conjunction with the Library of Imperial College, but in 2007 the Library was divided over two sites. Histories of science and biographies of scientists are still kept at the Imperial College in London. The rest of the collection which includes original scientific works and archives are now located in Wroughton, Wiltshire.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: Some 170,000 items which are not on current display are stored at Blythe House in West Kensington. Blythe House also houses facilities including a conservation laboratory, a photographic studio, and a quarantine area where newly-arrived items are looked at.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: The Science Museum is made up of a number of galleries, some of which are permanent, and some of which are temporary.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: The East Hall is the first area that most visitors see as they enter the building, going up through three floors. On the ground, the area is mostly filled with famous steam engines of various sorts, including the oldest surviving James Watt beam engine, which together tell the story of the British industrial revolution. Up in the air, hung from the ceiling is a big metal ring, the inside of which is covered in white LEDs which form patterns and display messages typed into kiosks by visitors in the Energy gallery.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: "Exploring Space" is a historical gallery, filled with rockets and exhibits that tell the story of human space exploration and the benefits that space exploration has brought us (particularly in the world of telecommunications).


title: Science Museum (London)

text: "Making the Modern World" is a relatively new gallery, in which some of the museum's most iconic objects, including Stephenson's Rocket and an Apollo spacecraft, are imaginatively displayed along a timeline chronicling man's technological achievements.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: "Flight" is another longstanding gallery, up towards the western end of the third floor. Contained in the gallery are several full sized aeroplanes and helicopters, including Alcock and Brown's transatlantic Vickers Vimy (1919), Spitfire and Hurricane fighters, as well as numerous aero-engines and a cross-section of a Boeing 747.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: One of the most popular galleries in the museum is the interactive Launchpad gallery. Redesigned and reopened in November 2007, the new look gallery houses over 50 interactive exhibits illustrating many different concepts in physical science. The gallery is staffed by Explainers who are available to demonstrate how exhibits work, conduct live experiments and perform shows to schools and the visiting public.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: The Science Museum has made many exhibitions that tour travel around the world. "The Science Box" modern science series toured venues in the UK and Europe in the 1990s and from 1995 "The Science of Sport" appeared in various venues, in different ways, around the world. In 2005 The Science Museum teamed up with Fleming Media to set up "The Science of..." who develop and tour exhibitions including "The Science of Aliens", "The Science of Spying" and "The Science of Survival" .


title: Science Museum (London)

text: In 2008, "The Science of Survival" exhibition opened to the public and allowed visitors to explore what the world might be like in 2050 and how humankind will meet the challenges of climate change and energy shortages.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: The museum is next to the Natural History Museum and used to be connected to it by a public corridor, which is now closed. The closest London Underground station is South Kensington; a subway connects the museums to the station.


title: Science Museum (London)

text: At the front of the museum to the east is Exhibition Road. Directly to the south is Museum Lane and the Natural History Museum. At the back is Queen's Gate and to the north is Imperial College.


title: Packet (computing)

text: In Information technology, a packet is a collection of data that can be used by computers which need to communicate with each other, usually as part of a network. Some computers and networks do not use packets to communicate. But most currently do, including nearly all computers on the Internet. Packets allow many computers on a network to communicate more quickly and easily.


title: Ice-T

text: Tracy Lauren Marrow (born February 16, 1958), better known by his stage name Ice-T, is an American rapper, songwriter, actor, and producer. He was born in Newark, New Jersey and moved to Summit, New Jersey during his childhood. He moved to Los Angeles, California in his early teens. His movies include "Ricochet" and "New Jack City". He is best known for his role in the TV series "".


title: Packet (computing)

text: A packet consists of two kinds of data: packet information and packet "data" (or "payload"). If you think of a packet like a letter in the mail, the "control information" is like the outside of the envelope. There's an address that says where to send the letter, and a stamp that says how to send it (fast or slow). Similarly, the computer uses the "control information" in the packet to decide where, and how, to send the data. People aren't usually interested in the control information.


title: Packet (computing)

text: The "user data" is like the inside of the envelope. It is the actual information the computer is trying to send. This might be any kind of digital data, such as words, pictures, music, or computer programs. It's generally for people or computers to use, but not for the packet system to use.


title: Packet (computing)

text: Different communication protocols put the control information and user information in different places, or make it look different. But they still do the same thing.


title: Packet (computing)

text: Sometimes the computers make mistakes while transmitting data, or have trouble "hearing" each other. So many packets use a checksum or cyclic redundancy check to make sure they have the right information. This is usually one component of the control information. This helps to make sure the packets themselves have the right information. But then computers also need to get the right packets.


title: Packet (computing)

text: Designing computer networks can be difficult. Even though today's computers are very advanced, sometimes information doesn't arrive where it's supposed to. Sometimes computers try to fix this and end up sending it twice. And sometimes the information doesn't arrive in the right order. The Transmission Control Protocol, or TCP, was invented to fix these problems. But since it is complex, some computers use the User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, instead.


title: Stephanie McMahon

text: Stephanie Marie McMahon-Levesque (born September 24, 1976), better known as Stephanie McMahon, is the "Executive Vice President of Talent and Creative Writing" for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). She is married to Paul "Triple H" Levesque. They have three daughters together. She is the daughter of WWE founder, Vince McMahon. She is the sister of Shane McMahon and daughter of Linda Mcmahon.


title: Schnitzel

text: Schnitzel is a traditional German and Austrian dish. It is made out of boneless meat thinned with a hammer, coated in bread crumbs and fried. It is a popular part of Austrian cuisine. In Austria, the dish called "Wiener Schnitzel" is traditionally served with a slice of lemon and either Potato salad or potatoes with parsley and butter.


title: Schnitzel

text: The traditional Wiener schnitzel is made of veal. It is now often made of pork. When made of pork, it is often called "Schnitzel Wiener Art" in Germany. In Austria, by law it has to be called "Wiener Schnitzel vom Schwein" to show it is different it from the original. In Austria and Germany, the term "Wiener Schnitzel" is protected by law. Any schnitzel called by that name has to be made from veal.


title: Schnitzel

text: In Finland, watermelon is traditionally eaten with Schnitzel (pork Schnitzel is the most popular in the country). In New Zealand their beef Schnitzel meals are almost always eaten with a large serving of mashed potatoes and/or boiled vegetables.


title: Regulation

text: Regulation is the management of complex systems. It is based on a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in many parts of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings. For example:


title: Backward compatibility

text: Backward compatibility refers to hardware or software that can successfully use interfaces and data from earlier versions of the system or with other systems. For example, Perl, the scripting language, was designed to be backward compatible with awk, an earlier language that Perl was designed to replace.


title: Backward compatibility

text: Backward compatibility is more easily accomplished if the previous versions have been designed to be forward compatible, or extensible, with built-in features such as hooks, plug-in, or an application program interface (API) that allows the addition of new features.


title: Backward compatibility

text: The term "backward combatible" (notice the "b") is sometimes used to describe hardware or software that is designed without regard for compatibility with earlier versions, causing the two versions to fight (or combat) each other. In this case, the two versions cannot share data easily and may have features that cause errors or crashes when they are installed on the same computer, often because the computer does not understand which version is being referred to. Even if the earlier version is removed, remaining vestiges of it may cause problems in running the newer version.


title: G minor

text: G minor is one of two flat key signatures that needs a sharp for the seventh note (the other is D minor).


title: G minor

text: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart thought that G minor was the most suitable key for showing sadness and tragedy, and many of his minor key works are in G minor, such as the Piano Quartet No. 1 and the String Quintet in G minor. G minor is the only minor key he used as a main key for his numbered symphonies (No. 25, and the famous No. 40). In the Classical period, symphonies in G minor almost always used four horns, two in G and two in B-flat alto. G minor symphonies like Mozart's No. 25 often used E flat major for the slow movement, including Haydn's No. 39 and Vanhal's G minor symphony from before 1771 (Bryan Gm1).


title: Liz Smith (actress)

text: Liz Smith MBE (11 December 1921 – 24 December 2016) was an English actress. She is best known for her roles as Annie Brandon in "I Didn't Know You Cared", Bette and Aunt Belle in "2point4 children", as Norma Speakman in the BBC comedy "The Royle Family", and as her role as Letitia Cropley in "The Vicar of Dibley" (1994–96).


title: Liz Smith (actress)

text: Smith was born Betty Gleadle in the Crosby area of Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire on 11 December 1921. She was married to Jack Thomas from 1945 until they divorced in 1959. They had two children. She died on Christmas Eve 2016 in Worthing, West Sussex, aged 95.


title: Xiaolongbao

text: Xiaolongbao (小笼包) are small steamed buns, originally from the Jiangnian region in China, especially connected to Shanghai and Wuxi. Traditionally they are filled with pork, but this can be mixed with other things, like crab meat and roe (eggs). Modern versions of these buns are often contain other meats, seafood or vegetarian fillings.


title: Xiaolongbao

text: The buns are wrapped in a dough, which sometimes gets bigger by rising (called a "leavened" dough), or they're wrapped in a dough which doesn't do this (called an "unleavened" dough). The buns are then steamed over boiling water to cook them.


title: Xiaolongbao

text: It is possible to buy deep frozen Xiaolongbao worldwide, normally in special shops or supermarkets which sell ingredients for Chinese cooking.


title: Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla

text: Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla (; 31 May 1902 – 5 February 1953) was the musician who wrote the score for the national anthem of Pakistan, ("Qaumi Tarana") in 1950. He was born in 1902 into a prominent Karachi family. His father, Ghulamali Chagla was the third elected president of the municipality of Karachi, serving from 1921 to 1922. Ahmad Chagla attended the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam in Karachi and took lessons in classical Indian music in 1910 and western musical composition in 1914.


title: All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference

text: In 1932 Pro-Congress Sheikh Abdullah formed Kashmir's first political party, the All Jammu & Kashmir Muslim Conference, with a demand for merger of Kashmir and Jammu with British India. His party was renamed the National Conference in 1939 to suite the secular nature of Kashmiri culture. The All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, led by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah, espoused a secular ideology and wished to create a secular, democratic but independent Kashmir with close ties to British India.


title: All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference

text: When the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference was converted into a secular political party in 1939, the Muslim leaders amended the Constitution of the Muslim Conference, renamed it as the All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, modified its objectives and threw its membership open to all the people of the State. On 13 June 1941, the breakaway factions of the National Conference revived the erstwhile Muslim Conference under the leadership of Choudry Ghualm Abbas.


title: All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference

text: The All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference led the Muslim movement for accession into Pakistans favor in the State.


title: All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference

text: On July 19, 1947, a convention of All Jammu & Kashmir Muslim Conference, adopted the "Accession to Pakistan Resolution" demanding accession of the Kashmir state to Pakistan.


title: All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference

text: In 1955 the All-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference was the political party in power in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Even today All-jummu and Kashmir Muslim Conference is in power in Azad Jamu and Kashmir.


title: All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference

text: The movement was started by the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference after its induction as a political platform of the Muslims in August 1932 in Srinagar. Prominent amongst the participants were Sardar Gohar Rehman, Chaudhry Ghulam Abbass, Chaudhry Muhammad Taj, Khwaja Ghulam Ahmad Ashai, Agha Syed Hussain Shah Jalali, Haji Jaffer Khan, Mistri Yaqoob Ali, Sheikh Ghulam Qadir and even Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah himself. Sardar Gohar Rehman favoured the formation of Provincial Muslim Conference in Jammu, but he was prevailed upon by the others to relegate his demand in favour of All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference.


title: All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference

text: To unite Kashmiri Muslims on a common platform. It was an enormous task in the wake of the deep variance in the political thinking of Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah and Mir Waiz Mohammed Yusuf Shah who parted way along with his his aides towards the end of the first session.


title: Taranto

text: Taranto is a city in the Apulia region of Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto. The population is 201,349. Taranto also has a large port.


title: Africa-Eurasia

text: Africa-Eurasia (also called Afro-Eurasia, Eurafrasia, Afrasia) is the world's biggest landmass. Around 85% (approximately 5.5 billion) of the world population lives there. It is split between the two continents of Africa and Eurasia, the latter of which has been historically further subdivided into Europe and Asia.


title: Africa-Eurasia

text: In geopolitics the mainland of Africa-Eurasia (excluding islands such as the British Isles, Japan and Madagascar) has been referred to as the World Island.


title: Africa-Eurasia

text: In geological terms, Africa-Eurasia (or Eurafrasia) may be a supercontinent if Africa collides with Europe. One estimate suggests it will happen in 600,000 years, when the southern tip of Spain reaches Africa. If this happens, the Mediterranean Sea will be isolated from the Atlantic Ocean. Africa is expected to collide with Europe completely in 50 million years, closing the Mediterranean.


title: Meridian

text: A meridian is an imaginary line of longitude drawn along the surface of the earth from the North Pole to the South Pole.


title: Meridian

text: Geographers today measure these lines from what they call the Prime Meridian. It is the line of longitude that goes through the Royal Greenwich Observatory in Greenwich, England. They decided this at the 1884 "International Meridian Conference".


title: Meridian

text: Meridians, as lines of longitude, are measured in degrees. The Prime Meridian, as the starting point, is 0 (zero) degrees. Lines west of the Prime Meridian are either called "west", as in "the longitude of Los Angeles, California is 118 degrees west", or as a negative number: "the longitude of Los Angeles, California is -118 degrees". Going the other direction, east of the Prime Meridian is always said as a positive number: "The longitude of Mecca is about 40 degrees east," or just "The longitude of Mecca is about 40 degrees."


title: Maya people

text: The Maya people are several culturally related mesoamerican ethnic groups of southern Mexico and northern Central America. The Mayan civilization lasted a few thousand years.


title: Apoptosis

text: Apoptosis is the controlled death of a cell. It is an important part of tissue development. For example, during limb development in a foetus, apoptosis allows digits (fingers and toes) to separate from each other. The process is quite common until puberty begins. Apoptosis is a regulated and controlled process which works throughout an organism's life cycle. The rate of apoptosis is balanced by the rate of cell production by mitosis.


title: Maya people

text: The most populations of Maya are in the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, and Chiapas, and in the Central American countries of Belize, Guatemala, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.


title: Apoptosis

text: The phenomenon of programmed cell death was first described by Carl Vogt in 1842. In 1885, anatomist Walther Flemming gave a more precise description of the process.


title: Apoptosis

text: The average adult human loses between 50 and 70 billion cells each day due to apoptosis. The average human adult has more than 13 trillion cells of which at most only 70 billion die each day. That is, about 5 out of every 1,000 cells (0.5%) die each day due to apoptosis. For an average human child between the ages of 8 and 14, approximately 20–30 billion cells die per day.


title: Apoptosis

text: Apoptosis is the normal end of a cell's life. At any point in time, there may be too many cells in one area, and the DNA


title: Apoptosis

text: coding for apoptosis will activate in some of those cells and they will die safely. This is important to the overall functioning of the organism. If, for example, the making of liver cells were to speed up and they never died, the liver would no longer function properly. The liver cells would eventually take over the organism's body. Apoptosis takes place by the help of lysosomes. Lysosomes rupture when the cell is old or damaged, this lets out digestive enzymes all over the cell and digests it, therefore killing the cell.


title: Apoptosis

text: Cancerous cells do not undergo apoptosis, which is why they are such a problem. They continuously multiply until the host organ or the organism's body cannot function anymore. This occurs because the apoptosis coding has mutated and so has other coding. This causes rapid mitotic division of the unwanted cells. This is a cancerous growth.


title: Apoptosis

text: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 was awarded jointly to Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'." Sydney Brenner, Sir John Sulston and Robert Horvitz received the Nobel Prize for their work on the genome and cells of the roundworm "Caenorhabditis elegans". C. elegans was the first animal to have its complete genome sequenced.


title: Brave New World

text: Brave New World is a dystopia novel by Aldous Huxley. It was first published in 1932. The novel is set in London of "AF 632", which is about 2540 AD, and speaks of developments in reproductive technology, operant conditioning, and sleep-learning that change society.


title: Brave New World

text: The general idea is a World Government manipulates people so as to make them easier to govern. They are split into five castes, hatched by the state to fill preset positions in society. The lower castes, which are clones, are treated with chemicals to arrest their mental and physical development. Children are treated by a process which gives them only information appropriate to their caste. They are moulded for their positions in life. Psychological needs are met by compulsory dosing of the drug "soma", a hallucinogen which takes the user on an enjoyable trip. In the novel various characters experience life in this planned society and struggle with the problems it causes them.


title: Molokai

text: Molokai (sometimes mistakenly called Molokaʻi) is the fifth largest island in the U.S. Hawaiian Islands. The island is 38 miles long and 10 miles across. Its land area is 261 square miles. The highest mountain is named Kamakou, and it is 4,970 feet (1,514 meters) high.


title: Molokai

text: Molokai has many local indigenous names including Molokai 'Aina Momona (land of abundance), Molokai Pule O'o (land of powerful prayer), and Molokai Nui A Hina (of the goddess Hina). It is one of the least developed of the Hawaiian islands.


title: Molokai

text: The only big town is named Kaunakakai, which is also the main or chief port on the island. The airport is in Central Molokai. Also on the island is Kalaupapa, which is a place for people who have a diease called leprosy.


title: Molokai

text: Molokai has many Hawaiian fish ponds along its south shore. Many of these have been cleaned and fixed.


title: UNITA

text: The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA, ) is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the MPLA in the Angolan War of Independence and then against the MPLA in the Angolan Civil War.


title: 2017 Las Vegas shooting

text: On the night of October 1, 2017, Stephen Paddock fired hundreds of bullets from his hotel room on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States at a group of concert-goers across the road at the Route 91 Harvest music festival with AK-47s and AR-15s. From his 32nd floor balcony, Paddock fired over 1000 bullets into the festival. He killed 60 people and wounded 411 before committing suicide. The panic meant that the total injured increased to 867. It is the deadliest mass shooting in the history of the United States.


title: 2017 Las Vegas shooting

text: Paddock also thought about attacking other events before Las Vegas. He had researched events in Boston since at least May 2017, and had reserved a room near the August 2017 Lollapalooza festival in Chicago, but did not use it.


title: 2017 Las Vegas shooting

text: After Paddock used a hammer to break two of the windows in both of his suites at the Mandalay Bay, he began shooting through them at 10:05p.m. He ultimately fired over 1,000 rifle rounds approximately into the festival audience. He started out with a few single gunshots before firing in bursts that usually ranged from 80 rounds to 100 rounds. Many people in the crowd thought the gunfire was fireworks. During the shooting, a security fence stopped people from escaping the 15-acre concrete lot. The gunfire continued, with some short pauses, over the span of ten minutes and ended by 10:15p.m. During these pauses (during reload and while the assailant was confronting Campos), most people at the concert were able to escape the venue.


title: 2017 Las Vegas shooting

text: In addition to shooting at the concertgoers, Paddock fired eight bullets at a large jet fuel tank at Harry Reid International Airport away.


title: 2017 Las Vegas shooting

text: Between 10:26 p.m. and 10:30p.m., eight additional officers arrived at the 32nd floor. At 10:55p.m., the officers finished evacuating guests. At 11:20p.m., police breached Room 32–135 with explosives. Paddock was found dead on the floor from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. At 11:27p.m., officers announced over the police radio that a suspect was down.


title: 2017 Las Vegas shooting

text: The shooter was identified as 64-year-old Stephen Craig Paddock, who lived in Mesquite, Nevada. Police, relatives and neighbors described him as a gambler. When police arrived at his hotel room, Paddock was found dead there; he had killed himself with a self-inflicted gunshot wound. His motive for the shooting is unknown and has not been discovered by investigators.


title: 2017 Las Vegas shooting

text: President Donald Trump posted on Twitter of his "warmest condolences and sympathies to the victims and families of the terrible Las Vegas shooting". In a public meeting with the press the next morning, he said the shooting was an "act of pure evil", a "senseless murder" and a "terrible, terrible attack". He praised the "miraculous" quick action of first responders. Later, he met with the victims on October 4, along with their relatives and police.


title: Elle Macpherson

text: Elle Macpherson (born Eleanor Nancy Gow on 29 March 1964, in Killara, New South Wales, Australia) is an Australian supermodel and actress. She first became famous because of her advertisements for Coca-Cola where she wore a string bikini. She became a supermodel and became very famous. She is part owner of a cafe in America. She has been in a movie called "Sirens". Macpherson is nicknamed "the body" because some people say she has a perfect body.


title: Elle Macpherson

text: In 2010, she became the host and executive producer of "Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model". She is currently the host and an executive producer NBC's "Fashion Star".


title: Elle Macpherson

text: Macpherson met Gilles Bensimon in 1984 on a photo-session for "Elle" magazine. They were married in May 1986, and divorced in 1989.


title: Elle Macpherson

text: Macpherson has two sons, Arpad Flynn Alexander Busson (born 14 February 1998), and Aurelius Cy Andrea Busson (born 4 February 2003). The father is her former partner, French financier Arpad Busson.


title: Elle Macpherson

text: Macpherson lives most of the time in Britain along with her two sons. She speaks fluent French and conversational Italian and Spanish.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), is a type of lamp (or light bulb) designed to fit into the same space and usually also the same socket as an incandescent bulb, but with the advantages of a fluorescent lamp. Many CFLs can directly replace an existing incandescent lamp. They were invented late in the 20th century and much used after the turn of the century (after 2000).


title: Evangelism

text: Evangelism is the Christian practice of preaching about Jesus Christ to both Christians and non-Christians. The purpose of most "evangelism" is to help others receive eternal (forever) salvation to people who have not heard of, or have denied God. "Evangelism" is done in obedience to the Great Commission, a command from Jesus to his disciples to convert others, as recorded in the New Testament.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: The purchase price of a CFL is often much higher than an incandescent lamp of the same output, and the light from CFLs looks different to light from incandescent lamps. CFLs have a longer rated life and use less energy than an incandescent lamp of the same brightness. A CFL can save over US$30 in electricity costs over the lamp’s lifetime compared to an incandescent lamp.


title: Evangelism

text: Christians who are superior at "evangelism" are known as evangelists, whether in their areas or to far away places. Some Christian traditions consider "evangelists" to be in a leadership position, and they may be found preaching to large meetings.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: As in other fluorescent lamps, electrified mercury vapor emits ultraviolet (UV) light. A phosphor converts it to visible light. The ballast prevents too much electricity from flowing through the tube. It is usually in the plastic base of the bulb. If the ballast is in the bulb, the bulb is called a self-ballasted lamp. Most are electronic ballasts.


title: Evangelism

text: Charles Finney was an evangelist in the 19th century. He was a leader in the Second Great Awakening, a time when many in America came to the Christian faith. Dwight L. Moody preached in the last half of the 19th century and also started a Christian school, the Moody Bible Institute. Aimee Semple McPherson preached in the 1920s and 1930s. In the middle years of the 20th century Festo Kivengere, an Anglican Bishop preached in Africa with great results. A prominent evangelist in the 20th century was Billy Graham. His son Franklin Graham followed him, preaching in the 21st century. Reinhard Bonnke (1940-2019) was an evangelist, largely in Africa. He preached to as many as 100,000 persons at a time. Many missionaries are evangelists, although missionaries also have done other work to promote their faith.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: The average rated life of a CFL is 8 to 15 times longer that of incandescents. CFLs typically have a rated lifespan of 6,000 to 15,000 hours, whereas incandescent lamps are usually manufactured to have a lifespan of 750 hours or 1,000 hours.


title: Evangelism

text: Although most Christian denominations perform some sort of evangelism, Evangelical and Pentecostal denominations are very focused on this issue.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: The lifetime of any lamp depends on many factors, including operating voltage, manufacturing defects, exposure to voltage spikes, mechanical shock, frequency of cycling on and off, lamp orientation, and ambient operating temperature. The life of a CFL is significantly shorter if it is turned on and off frequently. In the case of a 5-minute on/off cycle the lifespan of a CFL can be reduced to "close to that of incandescent light bulbs". The U.S. Energy Star program suggests that fluorescent lamps be left on when leaving a room for less than 15 minutes to avoid this problem. If the light must be switched on and off frequently, Cold cathode CFLs can be used. Cold cathode CFLs are designed for many more on/off cycles than standard CFLs.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: The mercury inside the tube is toxic and makes these bulbs hazardous waste. The bulbs must be taken to a recycling center after they stop working. Most CFLs contain an amount of mercury smaller than the tip of a ballpoint pen. During normal use, the mercury cannot escape, although it will escape if the bulb is broken. If a single bulb breaks, it is not usually a cause for concern. It is recommended to open windows to air out the room, and to clean up broken glass with duct tape instead of a vacuum cleaner.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: High-intensity discharge bulbs such as sodium-vapor, mercury-vapor, and metal-halide lamps are used for lighting large areas, although like fluorescent lamps they contain mercury. Their main advantage is much higher light output.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: Halogen bulbs with a halogen capsule inside a standard incandescent bulb housing contain no mercury. They use more energy than CFLs, but less than traditional incandescents.


title: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: LED bulbs are also becoming a popular alternative. They are also mercury-free, and use about the same amount of energy as CFLs.


title: Official residence

text: Note that some mayors in cities with an official mayor's residence choose instead to reside at their private residence, using the official residence for official functions only. This has occurred in the 21st century in Detroit and New York City, although the mayors of both cities live in the official residences. In the case of Denver, no mayor has ever lived in the official residence; the city instead makes it available to certain non-profit groups for special functions.


title: Official residence

text: This section is reserved for official residences maintained by private, nongovernmental institutions.


title: Civics

text: Civics is the study of government. It most often refers to studying government in high school to prepare to be a good citizen. In college, civics is usually called political science. Since a city has the most unsimple government problems, the word for this study is like that for city.


title: Wilderness

text: Wilderness or wildland is a natural environment on Earth which has not been much disturbed by humans.


title: Wilderness

text: Wilderness areas can be found in reserves, estates, farms, conservation areas, ranches, National Forests, National Parks and even in urban areas along rivers, gulches or any undeveloped areas. These areas are important for the survival of species, biodiversity, ecology, conservation, solitude, and recreation.


title: Wilderness

text: Wilderness is deeply valued for cultural, spiritual, moral, and aesthetic reasons. Some nature writers believe wilderness areas are vital for the human spirit and creativity.


title: Wilderness

text: They may also preserve historic genetic traits and that they provide habitat for wild flora and fauna that may be difficult to recreate in zoos, gardens or laboratories.


title: Wilderness

text: From this point of view, it is the wildness of a place that makes it a wilderness. The mere presence or activity of people does not disqualify an area from being "wilderness". Many ecosystems that are, or have been, inhabited or influenced by activities of people may still be considered "wild." This way of looking at wilderness includes areas within which natural processes operate without human interference.


title: Wilderness

text: The WILD Foundation states that wilderness areas have two dimensions: they must be biologically intact and legally protected. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) classifies wilderness at two levels, Ia (Strict Nature Preserves) and Ib (Wilderness areas).


title: Wilderness

text: Probably no place on earth is completely untouched by humanity, either due to past occupation by indigenous people, or through global processes such as climate change. Activities on the margins of specific wilderness areas, such as fire suppression and the interruption of animal migration, also affect the wilderness.


title: Wilderness

text: Especially in richer , industrialized nations, it has a specific legal meaning as well: as land where development is prohibited by law. Many nations have designated wilderness, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States.


title: Wilderness

text: Many new parks are currently being planned and legally passed by various Parliaments and Legislatures at the urging of dedicated individuals around the globe who believe that "in the end, dedicated, inspired people empowered by effective legislation will ensure that the spirit and services of wilderness will thrive and permeate our society, preserving a world that we are proud to hand over to those who come after us".


title: Decapodiformes

text: Decapodiformes is a superorder of Cephalopoda. It includes cephalopods with ten feet. These are usually eight short arms and two long tentacles. Well-known members are cuttlefish, squid, and the extinct belemnites.


title: Büchner flask

text: A Büchner flask (also called a vacuum flask, a filter flask, a side-arm flask or a kitasato flask) is a flask made of glass.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate mixtures like DNA and proteins. The separation is based on how positively or how negatively charged a molecule is, and its size. Gel electrophoresis uses a gel (like gelatin) and an electric field is put through the gel.


title: Büchner flask

text: A Büchner flask has thick walls so that a pressure change will not break it. It has a hole in the top where a Büchner funnel can be put and a small tube in the side where a vacuum can be attached. The small tube has barbs on it so that the vacuum will not weaken.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: The word electrophoresis comes from –electro, because an electric field is used, and –phoresis, which means movement.


title: Büchner flask

text: A Büchner flask can be used with a Büchner funnel for separating solids and liquids. Water is poured into the Büchner funnel and the liquid passes through filter paper and is sucked up by a vacuum attached to the side of the Büchner flask, while the solid stays behind in the Büchner funnel.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: The gel is made up of large and branched molecules called polymers. The amount of branches in the gel determines how easily molecules can squeeze through, depending on their size.


title: Büchner flask

text: The Büchner flask can also be used as a vacuum trap in a vacuum line to ensure that no fluids are carried over from the aspirator or vacuum pump (or other vacuum source) to the evacuated apparatus, or vice versa.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: If there are a lot of branches, small molecules will be able to move through easily while big molecules will move through slowly or not at all. If there are few branches, both big and small molecules can move through more easily.


title: Büchner flask

text: It is commonly thought to be named after the Nobel Laureate, Eduard Buchner, but it is actually named after the industrial chemist Ernst Büchner.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: If a large molecule has a big charge, its attraction to the opposite charge is also large. But, since the molecule is large, it will have a difficult time moving through the thick gel. In gel electrophoresis, large molecules are going to move slower.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: A small charged molecule will move through the gel more easily. Shorter molecules move faster and move further than longer ones because shorter molecules get through the pores of the gel more easily. This phenomenon is called "sieving".


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: After the gel has been run by applying the electric field, you can look to see where the molecules have moved to. To do this, different stains can be applied to the gel: this allows the molecules to be seen. The stain makes the places where the molecules moved to appear as colored bands. Stains that are used to look at proteins, such as Coomassie blue, can often been seen by the human eye under normal light. Stains that are used to look at DNA, such as ethidium bromide and GelGreen, can only be seen with the help of an ultraviolet lamp.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: Gel electrophoresis is the most commonly used technique to study DNA. DNA is a very large molecule that contains genetic information. DNA can be broken down to smaller pieces of different sizes and these pieces are then separated using gel electrophoresis. DNA always has a negative charge, and moves towards the anode.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: Proteins are large and complex molecules made of amino acids. Proteins can be studied by gel electrophoresis in two ways. One way is to take a mixture of proteins and separate them in the gel. The other way is to break down a single protein into smaller pieces. The smaller pieces can then be separated in the gel. Proteins can be positively or negatively charged. To separate proteins by size only, protein mixtures can be coated with a chemical called sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to give all proteins a negative charge before putting the mixture into the gel.


title: Gel electrophoresis

text: In medicine, there is a special type of electrophoresis called iontophoresis. Iontophoresis uses the same idea of gel electrophoresis to deliver drugs into the human body through the skin without using needles to inject the drug.


title: Ted Cassidy

text: Ted Cassidy (July 31, 1932 - January 16, 1979) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Lurch and Thing on "The Addams Family".


title: Gold Digger (Kanye West song)

text: "Gold Digger" is a hip hop song from American rap singer Kanye West. It has guest vocals by singer and actor Jamie Foxx. It was the second single off West's second studio album "Late Registration" (2005). The song hit #1 on the United States' "Billboard" Hot 100 on September 6, 2005. It was West's and Foxx's second #1 single. The song has samples of Ray Charles' 1954 hit song "I Got a Woman".


title: Gold Digger (Kanye West song)

text: At the 2006 Grammy Awards, "Gold Digger" was nominated for Record of the Year. It won the award for Best Rap Solo Performance. The song was #9 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Songs of the Decade.


title: National symbols of Bangladesh

text: The National symbols of Bangladesh (Bengali:); consisting most of symbols to represent Bangladeshi traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history. Bangladesh has several official national symbols including a historic document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, memorial towers as well as several national heroes. There are also several additional other patriotic symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree... They are listed here respectively.


title: John Stuart Mill

text: John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was an English philosopher and political economist. He was a classical liberal thinker of the 19th century. He was for utilitarianism, the ethical theory first proposed by his third godfather Jeremy Bentham.


title: John Stuart Mill

text: As a utilitarian, he believed that the good of society as a whole is more important than the pleasure of one or a few individuals.


title: Olomouc

text: Olomouc is the sixth largest city in the Czech Republic. It is in the center of the historical region Moravia. In the past, Olomouc was a capital city of Moravia. The city has about 102,000 residents. Its larger urban zone has a population of about 480,000 people.


title: Olomouc

text: There are many churches and historical buildings. There is beautiful "Holy Trinity Column" in the centre. UNESCO has this column on the list of World Heritage Sites. There is a nice astronomical clock.


title: Olomouc

text: Its university is the oldest in Moravia and second oldest in the Czech Republic. The university was founded in 1573 as part of effort to reestablish Roman Catholicism in the country. Roughly nine out of ten people of the Czech Crown lands were Protestants at the time.


title: Jake Roberts

text: Aurelian Jake Smith, Jr. (born May 30, 1955) is an American semi-retired professional wrestler. He is best known for wrestling with WWF, WCW and ECW under the ring name, Jake "The Snake" Roberts. He is a second generation wrestler because his father is Aurelian "Grizzly" Smith. He was known for bringing out snakes during his matches, one of his snakes being a python named Damien.


title: Jake Roberts

text: He made a surprise return on the January 6, 2014 episode of "Raw" titled "Old School Raw" and dumped a snake on the face of a downed Dean Ambrose. On the January 27, 2014 episode of "Raw", Jerry Lawler announced that Roberts was the second entrant in the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2014.


title: Jake Roberts

text: During his life, he suffered from alcohol and drug addiction. He moved in with former professional wrestler Diamond Dallas Page to help get his life back on track.


title: Jake Roberts

text: In February 2014, it was reported by TMZ that Roberts had been suffering from muscular cancer below his knee, and was scheduled to go into surgery for it on the 25th. Responding to the article, Roberts was quoted as saying "If the devil can't defeat me, cancer doesn't stand a chance in hell! Pray for sick children who face this horrible disease 'cause The Snake will be just fine." In July 2014, Roberts announced that he was cancer-free, as various operations had been successful.


title: Jake Roberts

text: On August 28 2014, he got sick during a flight from Atlanta to Las Vegas where he was supposed to attend a birthday event for wrestler Nick Cvjetkovich. It was first reported that Roberts had become unconscious but it was later confirmed that he was both alert and awake during the flight and had notified the flight attendant of pain and shortness of breath. It was stated that he was in a 'coma-like' state in order to treat pneumonia. After he was taken to the ICU in Las Vegas, he was diagnosed with pneumonia, which was something his own doctors missed. It was also confirmed that doctors had found an abnormality on his brain which they feel could be a result of all the bumps Robert's took over his career.


title: Jake Roberts

text: On September 6, 2014, Robert was released from the hospital and attended the Future Stars of Wrestling's "Survival of the Fittest" event the same day. At the event, he announced that doctors had found more cancer, this time in his chest.


title: Giordano Bruno

text: Giordano Bruno (January 1548 – 17 February 1600) was an Italian friar of the Dominican Order. He was also a philosopher and mathematician. He is best known for believing in the infinity of the universe. His cosmological theories went beyond the Copernican model.


title: Giordano Bruno

text: Bruno thought the Sun was just one of an infinite number of independently moving heavenly bodies. He is the first man to have thought the stars we see at night are identical in nature to the Sun. For publishing beliefs contrary to Roman Catholic dogma about transubstantiation, trinity and other matters, he was burnt at the stake as a heretic by the Inquisition of the Roman Catholic Church.


title: Giordano Bruno

text: Bruno also wrote extensive works on the art of memory, a loosely organized group of mnemonic techniques and principles.


title: Giordano Bruno

text: Bruno did accept and promote Copernicus' idea that the Earth revolves round the Sun. Many believe this was one of main reasons for his downfall; others think his theological beliefs were more critical. In 1584 he published two dialogues which argued for his idea on astronomy. Eight years later he was arrested, and his trial took another eight years. His accusers demanded complete recantation of all his 'erroneous' beliefs. He refused, and went to his death. Later the Inquisition used his example to terrify Galileo into withdrawing his works from publication.


title: Electrical energy

text: In any of these cases, the SI unit of electrical energy is the joule; which is the amount of energy used by a one-watt load, such as a tiny light bulb, drawing power for one second. The unit used by many electrical utility companies is the watt-hour (Wh); which is the amount of energy used by the same one-watt load drawing power for one hour. The kilowatt-hour (kWh), which is 1,000 times larger than a watt-hour, is a useful size for measuring the energy use of households and small businesses. A typical household uses several hundred kilowatt-hours per month. The megawatt-hour (MWh), which is 1,000 times larger than the kilowatt-hour, is used for measuring the energy output of large power plants.


title: Electrical energy

text: The terms "electrical energy" and "electric power" are frequently used interchangeably. However, in physics, and electrical engineering, "energy" and "power" have different meanings. Power is energy per unit time. The SI unit of power and electricity is the watt. One watt is a joule per second. In other words, the phrases "flow of power," and "consume a quantity of electric power" are both incorrect and should be changed to "flow of energy" and "consume a quantity of electrical energy."


title: Basis (linear algebra)

text: It's easy to see that for any element of formula_1 it can be represented as a combination of the above basis.


title: Basis (linear algebra)

text: Since formula_8 and formula_9 are elements of formula_10 then they can be written as formula_11 and so on.


title: Prince Royce

text: Geoffrey Royce Rojas (born May 11, 1989 on the Bronx) known by his stage name Prince Royce is a Dominican-American bachata singer. He started his career when he signed on with Top Stop Music label. His eponymous debut album, Prince Royce, was recorded in 2009 and released in 2010. The album was produced by Sergio George the manager of Top Stop Music. The album became a success peaking at #1 on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart. The lead single from the album, Stand by Me is a cover of a song which was originally composed and performed by Ben E. King. The single reached #1 on the Latin Tropical Airplay chart and #8 on the Top Latin Songs chart. It was announced on September 8, 2010, that his album would become a nominee for a Latin Grammy Award for "Best Contemporary Tropical Album".


title: Dennis the Menace (TV series)

text: Dennis the Menace is a sitcom television series. It is based on the comic strip "Dennis the Menace" by Hank Ketcham. The four-season series aired from 1959 to 1963 on CBS. The show stars Jay North as Dennis Mitchell, Herbert Anderson as his father Henry, Gloria Henry as his mother Alice, Billy Booth as his friend Tommy Anderson, and Jeannie Russell as his friend Margaret Wade. Dennis wore the same costume in every episode: a striped tee-shirt, a pair of bib overalls with a slingshot in the back pocket, a pair of sneakers, and an enormous blond cowlick. Viewers complained about the slingshot and it was eventually removed. The bizarre costume put Dennis outside the realistic "mise en scene" of the show, making it difficult to "relate" to him in spite of North's brilliant performance. Margaret had the same problem with her ringlets, eyeglasses, and ever-present patent leather shoes. These clothes were not the sort of things kids were wearing during the shows years on the air.


title: Dennis the Menace (TV series)

text: Margaret wanted to marry Dennis. This was a running gag in both the comic strip and the television show. She pushed a baby carriage through the neighborhood. "Playing house" was something she pressured Dennis to do. When Dennis needed a penny or two, she gave it to him but only after he promised to play house with her. If he turned her down, she would hit him with one of the rag dolls in the baby carriage and prance on her way.


title: Dennis the Menace (TV series)

text: Other players in the show are Joseph Kearns as Dennis's neighbor George Wilson, Sylvia Field as George's wife Martha, and Gale Gordon as Mr. Wilson's brother John. George Wilson was a retired fussy sort of man who gardened, collected coins, did household fixit jobs, and watched birds. Many episodes were about Dennis making a mess of Mr. Wilson's hobbies. Dennis's comic strip dog Ruff was cut from the TV story, but Mr. Wilson was given a little dog named Fremont. Maud Prickett, Irene Tedrow, Dub Taylor, Mary Wickes, and other familiar 1950s TV faces showed up often as minor characters. Ron Howard appeared in several episodes as Dennnis' friend Stewart while also playing Opie Taylor on "The Andy Griffith Show".


title: Dennis the Menace (TV series)

text: "Dennis the Menace" is about a happy little (but trouble-prone) middle class boy named Dennis Mitchell. He would like to be helpful but his attempts always end in disasters. He bothers a lot of people, but mostly his neighbor George Wilson. Actor Joseph Kearns played George Wilson but died while the show was in production. Gale Gordon joined the show as John Wilson, George's brother. Viewers were told that George and his TV wife Martha were taking a long journey and that George's brother John would be living in and taking care of their house. The show ended in 1963 when North became too old (11 years) to play the part of Dennis.


title: Binary star

text: A binary star is two stars which orbit around each other. For each star, the other is its "companion star". Many stars are part of a system with two or more stars. The brighter star is called the primary star, and the other is the secondary.


title: Binary star

text: Binary stars are important in astrophysics because looking at their orbits allows scientists to find out their masses. From this is got the mass–luminosity relationship, and from this is got the masses of individual stars.


title: Binary star

text: Binary stars are not the same as line-of-sight "optical double stars", which look close together but are not connected by gravity. Optical double stars may actually be far apart in space, but binary stars are quite close together. The first person to discover and prove true binary stars was the Anglo-German astronomer William Herschel. He published the first catalogue of binary stars, and his son John Herschel found several thousand more and updated the catalogue. John Michell first suggested that double stars might be physically attached to each other when he argued in 1767 that the probability that a double star was due to a chance alignment was small. William Herschel began observing double stars in 1779 and soon after that he published catalogs of about 700 double stars.


title: Binary star

text: By the modern definition, the term "binary star" is generally restricted to pairs of stars which revolve around a common centre of mass. Binary stars which can be resolved with a telescope or interferometric methods are known as "visual binaries". For most of the known visual binary stars one whole revolution (complete circle) has not been observed yet, they are seen to have travelled along a curved path or a partial arc.


title: Binary star

text: Some stars appear to be in orbit around empty space, and appear not to have a companion. In this case, the companion star is either very small and faint, or it is a neutron star or a black hole. The best-known example of a star with an invisible companion is Cygnus X-1, in which the visible star's companion appears to be a black hole.


title: Binary star

text: The more general term double star is used for pairs of stars which are seen to be close together in the sky. This distinction is rarely made in languages other than English. Double stars may be binary systems or may be merely two stars that appear to be close together in the sky but have vastly different true distances from the Sun. The latter are termed "optical doubles" or "optical pairs".


title: Binary star

text: A "visual binary" star is one for which the separation of the two stars can be seen with a telescope. The brighter star is the "primary" and the fainter star is the "secondary". Visual binaries take a long time to orbit one another, in the area of hundreds or even thousands of years.


title: Binary star

text: A "spectroscopic" binary is one in which the two stars cannot be seen separately even with a telescope. They are very close together and move around each other very quickly, over a period of a few weeks or even a few days. However, they can be seen to be two separate stars by using a spectroscope, which is able to record the Doppler change in the color of the light sent out by stars moving quickly toward or away from the Earth.


title: Binary star

text: Some spectroscopic binaries have an orbit that is edge-on to Earth. When this happens, the stars will take turns passing in front of and eclipsing the partner star, in what is called an "eclipsing binary". In this case, the amount of light we see from the double dims slightly during the time one star is in front of the other.


title: Binary star

text: An "astrometric binary" is one where only one companion can be seen. For astrometric binaries fairly near the Earth (up to about 10 parsecs), it may be possible to see the visible companion "wobble" as it moves around its invisible companion. By making measurements over a long period of time, it may be possible to calculate the mass of the visible star and how long its orbit takes. This method is also used to detect the presence of large planets orbiting a star; as of 2007, over two hundred planets have been discovered in this way.


title: Binary star

text: Most binaries are "detached binaries". Except for their gravitational pull on one another, they have no effect on each other.


title: Binary star

text: Some binaries are so close to one another that one or both stars is able to pull material from the other. Contact binaries share the same stellar atmosphere, and as friction slows them over a long period, they may merge into one star. This violent event temporarily makes them shine more brightly, brighter than a nova but less bright than a supernova.


title: Binary star

text: Though it could be possible that binary stars may form when one star passes very close to another, it is highly unlikely (since it would actually take three stars close to one another before two could join), and would occur only in places where stars are densely packed together. Our present understanding is that almost all binaries are formed together in the dense gas clouds where stars are born.


title: Binary star

text: It is possible (though not likely) that a passing star will disrupt a binary system and provide enough gravitational force to split the binary. Such separated stars go on to live lives as ordinary single stars. Sometimes, though, enough gravitational force is involved that the two companions speed away from each other at great speeds, resulting in what is known as "runaway" stars.


title: Binary star

text: Sometimes a star is in orbit around a white dwarf star. If it is large enough and close enough to the white dwarf, the dwarf may suck gasses from its companion's atmosphere. Over a period of time, a great deal of gas may collect on the white dwarf. As this gas is compacted by the white dwarf's gravity, it will eventually undergo nuclear fusion, resulting in a very bright outburst of light, known as a "nova". In some cases, the white dwarf may gather so much gas that the explosion completely destroys it, in what is called a "supernova". Such an event may also result in runaway stars, as the larger star no longer has a heavy companion which keeps it in orbit.


title: Binary star

text: X - Ray Binaries produce great amounts of X-ray radiation. They result from a massive star eating a less massive star. The lesser star becomes a donor and its matter is drained out and falls into the more massive (but more compact) star, the accretor. This releases high energy photons, for example in the X-Ray range of wavelengths. The X-Rays also come from the consumption of material on the surface of the more massive star in a process called thermonuclear burning. This can make 10 second bursts.


title: United States Military Academy

text: The United States Military Academy at West Point (also known as West Point, USMA, Army (athletic teams)) is a university that teaches students to become officers in the US Army. Students are called "cadets" and are subject to military rules while studying subjects like engineering and military science for four years. For many years, West Point only taught men, but in 1976 West Point admitted its first female cadets. Women currently comprise approximately 15% of entering new cadets.


title: United States Military Academy

text: Military officers compose 75% of the faculty. Civilian professors make up the remaining 25% of faculty positions.


title: United States Military Academy

text: Congress formally authorized and funded West Point on 16 March 1802. West Point was so successful, that military academies were added later for the Navy, Coast Guard and Air Force.


title: United States Military Academy

text: West Point was originally a Fort. The Continental Army used it to guard the Hudson River. General Benedict Arnold tried to betray it.


title: United States Military Academy

text: West Point has a very broad sports program. All of its students are required to compete in at least one sport, either at the intramural (i.e., within the school) or intercollegiate (i.e., against other schools) level, in every semester.


title: United States Military Academy

text: The Army intercollegiate sports teams are nicknamed "Black Knights". Most Army teams play in the Patriot League. The football team plays at the highest level, known as Division I FBS, but is independent—not in any conference. The men's ice hockey team plays in Atlantic Hockey.


title: Great Recession

text: The Great Recession (also called the Second Great Depression or Long Recession) was a global economic decline in the late 2000s decade. The effects of the economic problem are still obvious. A few countries, including Italy and Greece, are still in recession.


title: Great Recession

text: The Great Recession affected world economies to different degrees. It caused more problems for some countries than others. Overall, this was the worst global recession since World War II. Southern Europe was badly affected. Some countries, including China, India, South Korea, Poland and Australia, did not have a recession during this time.


title: Great Recession

text: Economic side-effects include household debt, low wages, high levels of unemployment and very limited chances of global growth as of 2014 in many countries.


title: Tree of Knowledge

text: In the Book of Genesis, chapters two and three, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil was a tree in the middle of the Garden of Eden, along with the Tree of Life. God Told Adam and Eve) to never eat from this Tree. When Eve and Adam, ate the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, they discovered that they were naked, and were banished from the garden and forced to survive through farming.


title: Tree of Knowledge

text: According to the Jewish tradition, God telling Adam and Eve not to eat from the Tree was to give them free choice and allow them to earn perfection instead of getting it with a simple deed. According to this tradition, Adam and Eve would have become perfect and immortal had they not eaten from the Tree. After failing, they were sentenced to a long time of hard work to get themselves back into God's trust.


title: Tree of Knowledge

text: In Christianity, the Tree of Knowledge is connected to the beginning of sin. By eating the fruit of the Tree, Adam and Eve tried to become like God.


title: Tree of Knowledge

text: In Buddhism, the Buddha became enlightened under a Bodhi tree. While the biblical tree is usually seen as representing pleasure, the Bodhi tree gave pure knowledge.


title: Tree of Knowledge

text: Symbolically, the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge tries to divide human action into Right or Wrong, Good or Evil and Lawful or Unlawful with privileges and punishments for each case.


title: Tapas Chatterjee

text: "'Tapas Chatterjee" is an Indian politician, who works for All India Trinamool Congress. He is the mayor of Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation, Kolkata.


title: Tezcatlipoca

text: Tezcatlipocaus ( was a central deity in Aztec mythology. He was associated with many concepts. Some of these are the night sky, the night winds, hurricanes, the north, the earth, obsidian, , , rulership, divination, temptation, , beauty, war and . His name in the Nahuatl language is often translated as "Smoking Mirror" because of his connection to obsidian, the material from which mirrors were made in Mesoamerica and which was used for shamanic rituals.


title: Tezcatlipoca

text: He had many names in context with different aspects of his deity: Titlacauan ("We are his Slaves"), Ipalnemoani ("He by whom we live"), Necoc Yaotl ("Enemy of Both Sides"), Tloque Nahuaque ("Lord of the Near and the Nigh") and Yohualli Èecatl (Night, Wind), Ome acatl ("Two Reed"), Ilhuicahua Tlalticpaque ("Possessor of the Sky and Earth").


title: Tezcatlipoca

text: On pictures he was usually drawn with a black and a yellow stripe painted across his face. He is often shown with his right foot replaced with an obsidian mirror or a snake - an allusion to the creation myth in which he loses his foot battling with the Earth Monster. Sometimes the mirror was shown on his chest, and sometimes smoke would come from the mirror. Tezcatlipocas Nagual, his animal counterpart, was the jaguar and his Jaguar aspect was the deity Tepeyollotl "Mountainheart".


title: Tezcatlipoca

text: The Tezcatlipoca figure goes back to earlier Mesoamerican deities worshipped by the Olmec and Maya. Similarities exist with the patron deity of the K'iche' Maya as described in the Popol Vuh. A central figure of the Popol Vuh was the god Tohil whose name means "obsidian" and who was associated with sacrifice. Also the Classic Maya god of rulership and thunder known to modern Mayanists as "God K", or the "Manikin Scepter" and to the classic Maya as "K'awil" was shown with a smoking obsidian knife in his forehead and one leg replaced with a snake.


title: Tezcatlipoca

text: Tezcatlipoca was often described as a rival of another important god of the Aztecs, the culture hero, Quetzalcoatl. In one version of the Aztec creation account the myth of the Five Suns, The first creation, "The sun of the Earth" was ruled by Tezcatlipoca but destroyed by Quetzalcoatl when he struck down Tezcatlipoca who then transformed into a jaguar. Quetzalcoatl became the ruler of the following creation "Sun of Water", and Tezcatlipoca destroyed the third creation "The Sun of Wind" by striking down Quetzalcoatl.


title: Tezcatlipoca

text: In later myths, the four gods who created the world, Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, Huitzilopochtli and Xipe Totec were referred to respectively as the Black, the White, the Blue and the Red Tezcatlipoca. The four Tezcatlipocas were the sons of Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl, lord and lady of the duality, and were the creators of all the other gods, as well as the world and man.


title: Lean (drug)

text: Lean, also known as purple drank, purp, or oil is a drug drink, made by mixing cough or cold syrup containing codeine and promethazine with a drink. The drink originated in Houston, Texas, and is popular in hip hop culture or those who live in the southern United States. Jokes have been made about this drug, most commonly "I LOVE LEAN".


title: Hue

text: It is defined as “the degree to which a stimulus is similar to, or different from, stimuli that are red, green, blue, and yellow” (the unique hues).


title: Hue

text: The other main aspects of color appearance are colorfulness, chroma, saturation, lightness, and brightness.


title: Hue

text: Usually, colors with the same hue are distinguished with adjectives referring to their lightness and/or chroma, such as with "light blue", "pastel blue", "vivid blue".


title: Yurizan Beltran

text: Yurizan Beltrán Lebanue (November 2, 1986 – December 13, 2017), known as Yurizan Beltran, was an American pornographic actress. She was born in Los Angeles on November 2, 1986 of Mexican descent. Her mother was Brazilian and her father was Canadian.


title: Roman Polanski

text: Roman Polanski (born Rajmund Roman Thierry Polanski, 18 August 1933) is a French-Polish movie director, producer, writer and actor. In 2003, he won the Academy Award for Best Director for his film, "The Pianist".


title: Roman Polanski

text: Polanski was born in Paris, France but his family moved back to Poland in 1937. His parents were agnostics. Because the family was Jewish, they were persecuted by the Nazis in Poland and forced to live in a ghetto. Polanski's mother died at Auschwitz. He later went to film school at Lodz and graduated in 1959. Polanski won many awards for his short movies and went on to make full-length movies in the United Kingdom and the United States.


title: Roman Polanski

text: While filming the movie "Fearless Vampire Killers" he met an actress named Sharon Tate. Polanski married her in 1968. In August 1969, Polanski was in London, and Tate was pregnant. Tate and some of their friends were murdered in Los Angeles, California, by people who followed Charles Manson.


title: Roman Polanski

text: Polanski's third and current wife is actress Emmanuelle Seigner, who is the mother of his daughter and son.


title: Roman Polanski

text: In 1977, Polanski got in trouble with the law in California when he was caught having sex with a 13-year-old girl called Samantha Gailey (now Geimer). Polanski went to France. In the 1990s, Polanski paid an undisclosed sum of money to the woman, in exchange for her dropping the charges. He was arrested in Switzerland in September 2009. He was arrested at the request of the United States, so Switzerland could extradite him to the United States. On July 12, 2010, the Swiss freed Polanski, and decided not to extradite him to Los Angeles. The Swiss Justice Ministry did not believe the legal strength of the United States extradition request. According to the press release, the Swiss authorities asked for copies of the proceedings that would justify the extradition.


title: Roman Polanski

text: Polanski is still a fugitive (wanted by the police) in America. However, Geimer has said "I would love to see him resolve it, the sooner, the better...if we could just put this to rest, that would be great". Polanski apologized to Geimer in a film documentary. Bernard Kouchner, a French public official, has denounced the USA's extradition request as "sinister" because it came so long after the event.


title: Roman Polanski

text: In 2008, the documentary film by Marina Zenovich, Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired, was released in Europe and the United States where it won numerous awards.


title: Roman Polanski

text: In October 2017, Polanski returned to Poland to appear in a documentary about his childhood during the Holocaust and after the war, with his longtime friend, the photographer Ryszard Horowitz. They visited Krakow and the village, where Polanski was in hiding after fleeing the ghetto. The film is produced and directed by Mateusz Kudla and Anna Kokoszka-Romer.


title: Sura

text: Surah (sometimes spelt sura or surat ('), plural suwar ) is an Arabic term that literally means "something enclosed or surrounded by a fence or wall."


title: Sura

text: A surah is a "chapter" of the Qur'an. They are traditionally ordered in order of length and begin with the shortest. Each surah is named for a word or name mentioned in an ayah (section), of that 'surah'.


title: Georgia Holt

text: Georgia Holt (born Jackie Jean Crouch; June 9, 1926 – December 10, 2022) was an American singer-songwriter, actress, and model. She was the mother of singer and actress Cher and the grandmother of Chaz Bono.


title: Georgia Holt

text: Holt appeared as a model on two episodes of "I Love Lucy". She was an audience polling member as part of a group of ten mothers of famous celebrities on the U.S. game show "Card Sharks" from July 4–8, 1988.


title: Georgia Holt

text: Holt also released her album "Honky Tonk Woman", which was recorded in 1982, in 2013. The album includes a duet with Cher titled "I'm Just Your Yesterday".


title: Georgia Holt

text: Holt appeared on talk shows hosted by Mike Douglas, Merv Griffin, Dinah Shore, Jay Leno and Ellen DeGeneres.


title: Manipur Zoological Garden

text: Manipur Zoological Garden () is a zoo in Iroisemba, Manipur. It is the second habitat of Sangai ("Cervus eldi eldi"), the world's only dancing deer species, after the Keibul Lamjao National Park, the world's only floating national park. It is a medium sized zoological garden. It houses Schedule 1 species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles. The animals kept in the zoo are mostly endemic to Manipur. The Central Zoo Authority of India recognized it as the coordinating zoo for the conservation breeding center of Sangai and Serow ().


title: Manipur Zoological Garden

text: The best time to visit the zoo during summer is from April to September. The best time during Winter is from October to March. Monday is usually closed.


title: Manipur Zoological Garden

text: The Manipur Zoological Garden is located in Iroisemba town along the Imphal-Kangchup road. It is in the Imphal West District. It is 5–6 km away from Imphal.


title: Manipur Zoological Garden

text: The zoo offers its visitors to have an opportunity to see the graceful Sangai, the brow antlered deer. This deer is one of the rarest and one of the most endangered species in the world. This zoo is located at the foothills of the pine growing hillocks in the westernmost corner of Lamphelpat.


title: Manipur Zoological Garden

text: It is an in situ conservation center of 45 endangered mammals, reptiles and birds. Many Schedule 1 species of mammals, reptiles, birds and amphibians are kept in the zoo. The animals endemic to Manipur are kept in the zoo. It is recognised as the coordinating zoo for the conservation breeding center of Sangai and Serow () by the Central Zoo Authority of India.


title: 1st millennium BC

text: The 1st millennium BC was the last millennium before the Common Era. It started on January 1, 1000 BC, and ended on December 31, 1 BC. There was no year 0 and no year 0 BC.


title: Paya Lebar MRT station

text: Paya Lebar MRT station (EW8/CC9) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the East West Line and Circle Line in Geylang, Singapore.


title: Paya Lebar MRT station

text: It is named after the Paya Lebar Road, not the area called Paya Lebar. It is in the Geylang district.


title: Paya Lebar MRT station

text: This station was opened on 4 November 1989, as part of the East West Line. Its former code is E5. The Circle Line station platforms was opened on 17 April 2010.


title: Paya Lebar MRT station

text: A track fault at Paya Lebar delayed trains travelling towards HarbourFront on 31 December 2012. SMRT had called in staff to manually drive the trains between Dakota and MacPherson to navigate the fault. Circle Line trains began running normally again more than four hours after the fault took place around 8 am.


title: Paya Lebar MRT station

text: There are two links between the elevated East West Line station and the underground Circle Line station. The first link consists of a series of escalators to the Circle Line concourse from the western side of the East West platform, which is a common link to go to the Circle Line station. The second link, which is barrier-free, was built on the former area of Exit A which has been closed since late 2007 for reconstruction.


title: Paya Lebar MRT station

text: For the East West Line, train platforms are on Level 2. For the Circle Line, train platforms are on Basement 2. This is the only interchange station that has a middle track on the underground line, and it is the terminus for short-working trips after peak hours.


title: Tammy Grimes

text: Tammy Lee Grimes (January 30, 1934 – October 30, 2016) was an American actress and singer. She starred in and won a Tony Award for a 1960 play called "The Unsinkable Molly Brown". She also starred in her own television show "The Tammy Grimes Show" in 1966.


title: Tammy Grimes

text: Grimes was born in Lynn, Massachusetts, the daughter of Eola Willard (née Niles), a naturalist and spiritualist, and Luther Nichols Grimes, an innkeeper, country-club manager, and farmer.


title: Tammy Grimes

text: She attended high school at the then all-girls school, Beaver Country Day School, and Stephens College, and then studied acting at New York City's Neighborhood Playhouse. She studied singing with Beverley Peck Johnson.


title: Tammy Grimes

text: Grimes married Christopher Plummer on August 16, 1956, with whom she had a daughter, actress Amanda Plummer. They divorced in 1960.


title: Tammy Grimes

text: Her second husband was actor Jeremy Slate, who she married in 1966 and divorced a year later. Her third husband was composer Richard Bell, who she married in 1971; the couple remained married until Bell's death in 2005.


title: Tammy Grimes

text: Grimes died on October 30, 2016, in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 82 from natural causes. Her survivors include her brother, Nick, and her daughter Amanda.


title: Christmas music

text: Christmas music is songs that relate to Christmas and New Year's. The music is normally heard during the holiday season.


title: Christmas music

text: During the Middle Ages, the English people combined circle dances with singing and called them carols. Christmas carols in English first appeared in a 1426 work from John Audelay.


title: Christmas music

text: Modern Christmas songs include "Jingle Bell Rock", "The Christmas Song", "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", "Sleigh Ride", "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree" and "I'll Be Home for Christmas".


title: Runa Laila

text: Runa Laila (born 17 November 1952) is a Bangladeshi playback singer. She is one of the best-known in South Asia. She started her career in Pakistan film industry in late 1960s. Her style of singing is inspired by Pakistani playback singer Ahmed Rushdi and she also made a pair with him after replacing another singer Mala and Ariyan Mehedi.


title: Cesarean section

text: A Cesarean section (often called a C-section) is a kind of surgery, which is usually done to make childbirth easier. In the past, this was done when there was a great risk to the health of the mother, or when normal childbirth through the vagina was not possible. More recently, it has also been done on request, without these reasons. In very rare cases, abortions are performed using this procedure, these are called Hysterotomy abortions. The first person to perform a modern Cesarean section was Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, in 1881. In Latin, it is called "Sectio caesarea", in English, the spelling Caesarean section also exists.


title: Cesarean section

text: The rate of babies delivered through Cesarean section varies: It is at a record level of 46% in China; levels of 25% and above are common in many Asian and European countries, Latin America, and the United States.


title: Cesarean section

text: From about the 6th century, there was Roman law that stated that a living foetus may not be buried with the mother, The Digest notes this to be a "lex regia". If this were the case, it would date from the time around 700 BC, when there were Roman kings.


title: Artesian aquifer

text: An artesian aquifer is an underground layer which holds groundwater under pressure. This causes the water level in the well to rise to a point where the pressure is equal to the weight of water putting it under pressure. This type of well is called an artesian well. Water may even reach the ground surface if the natural pressure is high enough, in which case the well is called a flowing artesian well.


title: Artesian aquifer

text: An aquifer is a geologic layer which can hold water such as sand and gravel, limestone, or sandstone, through which water flows and is stored. An artesian aquifer is trapped between rocks or clay which causes the pressure. Water returns to the aquifers when the water table at its recharge zone is at a higher elevation than the head of the well.


title: Artesian aquifer

text: Fossil water aquifers can also be artesian if they are under sufficient pressure from the surrounding rocks. This is similar to how many newly tapped oil wells are pressurized.


title: Artesian aquifer

text: Artesian wells were named after the old province of Artois in France. Many artesian wells were drilled there by Carthusian monks from 1126.


title: Artesian aquifer

text: There are artesian aquifers in many countries including Australia, the USA, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom, Fiji and Canada. The Great Artesian Basin is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, occupying 23% of the Australian continent.


title: Illusion

text: An illusion is a distortion of perception. The brain arranges, sorts, and organises data from the senses. Normally the system works well. Sometimes it does not, and we see illusions. In general, they are shared by most people in the same situation.