title: Rao Gujarmal Singh

text: Baloch Raja of Farrukhnagar and Bahadur Singh of Ghasera, a descendant of Hathi Singh, were both fierce enemies of Rao Gujarmal. Bahadur Singh was ruling independent from Raja Surajmal of Bharatpur. Then Rao Gujarmal along with Surajmal gave a befitting reply to him. Gujarmal also had friendly relations with Todar Mal of Neemrana, father-in-law of Bahadur Singh. In 1750, Todarmal invited Rao Gujarmal at the behest of Bahadur Singh and killed him by deceit.


title: Lockheed C-5 Galaxy

text: The C-5 Galaxy is a very big military cargo aircraft made by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin) used by the United States Air Force. It first flew in 1968 and was introduced in 1970. It is one of the biggest transports in the world. It is 247 feet (75 meters) long, 65 feet (19 meters) high, has a wingspan of 222 feet (67 meters), and can weigh up to840,000 pounds (378,000 kilograms).


title: Lockheed C-5 Galaxy

text: It is used to fly military equipment on to battlefields, and because of its size, it can even carry tanks and helicopters. Five C-5s have crashed.


title: Danube Swabians

text: The Danube Swabians are German settlers of the former Austria-Hungary Empire. They founded villages, and worked as farmers. Their ancestors were once settled from 1686 - 1829 by the order of the House of Habsburg in Hungary, and parts of former Yugoslavia and Romania who belonged to the Habsburger Monarchy, from different parts from Austria and Germany like Hesse, Bavaria, the Palatinate, Hunsrück, Baden-Württemberg, Swabian Jura Fulda (district), Rhön, Franconia, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, Swabia (Government Region), but also Alsace, Lorraine, Southern Netherlands and Luxembourg etc. The city Ulm at Alb-Donau-Kreis, in Swabian Jura, was the startpoint, where this German emigrants went with the "Ulmer Schachtel" (a small boat), along the Danube River, this is why they got the name "Danube Swabians". They speak different German dialects. They believed in Roman Catholicism and Lutheranism and hold much of the old Norse mythology. After World War II, most of the Danube Swabians were expelled by the order of the Potsdam Conference, to Allied-occupied Austria and Allied-occupied Germany. Only a few Danube Swabians live today in this country who once belongend to the Habsburger Monarchy. Most Danube Swabian descendants live in Austria and Germany, but also some in USA, Canada and Australia.


title: Danube Swabians

text: The Germans from the Hochstift Fulda settled at 25 villages in the Baranya and in the city Pécs arround 1717 - 1804, this subgroup is named "Stifolder" or Stiffoller. An example of the "Stifullerisch" Danube Swabian German-dialect of Baranya: "Mer rede noch die schwowisch Muddersprooch",


title: Danube Swabians

text: The first German settlers came via the Danube River 1686 - 1713, and was Swabians mostly from Black Forest in Wurttemberg and called by the Hungarian, Serbian, Croatian, and Romanian population as Svábok, Švabo, Şvabii. The German itself have said Donauschwowe


title: Sully Prudhomme

text: René François Armand (Sully) Prudhomme (; 16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist. He was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (Vienna, 7 November 1903 – Vienna, 27 February 1989) was an Austrian zoologist, naturalist, ornithologist and Nobel Prize winner. He is one of the founders of studies on animal behaviour (ethology). Lorenz studied instinctive behavior in animals, especially in Greylag geese and jackdaws.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: In his autobiographical essay, published in 1973 in "Les Prix Nobel" (people who win the Nobel Prize are asked to write essays about their lives), Lorenz said that his parents were the main reason he was so successful. He also said that a book by Selma Lagerlof called "The Wonderful Adventures of Nils" that he read as a child was the reason he became interested in wild geese.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Lorenz began his studies in 1922 at Columbia University, but he returned to Vienna in 1923 to continue his studies at the University of Vienna until 1928. At this university he became an assistant professor from 1928 to 1935.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: In 1936, Lorenz met his great friend and colleague Niko Tinbergen. Together they studied geese – wild, domestic, and hybrid.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: In 1940 Lorenz became a professor of psychology at the University of Königsberg. He was drafted into the Wehrmacht in 1941. He tried to become a motorcycle mechanic, but instead he was assigned as a medic. He was a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union from 1942 to 1948. During this time, he continued to work as a medical doctor and "got quite friendly with some Russians, mostly doctors". When he was sent back home after the war, he was allowed to keep both the manuscript of the book he had been writing and his pet starling. He arrived back in Altenberg "with manuscript and bird intact." The manuscript became his book "Behind the Mirror".


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Lorenz shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for discoveries in individual and social behavior patterns" with two other important early ethologists, Niko Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. In 1969, he became the first person to receive the Prix mondial "Cino Del Duca".


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Lorenz retired from the Max Planck Institute in 1973 but continued to research and publish from his family home, in Austria. Konrad Lorenz died on 27 February 1989, in Altenberg.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Lorenz joined the Nazi Party in 1938 and accepted a university position under Nazi Germany. In his application for membership to the Nazi-party NSDAP he wrote in 1938: "I'm able to say that my whole scientific work is devoted to the ideas of the National Socialists."


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: When he accepted the Nobel Prize in 1973, Lorenz apologized for a 1940 publication that included Nazi views of science, saying that "many highly decent scientists hoped, like I did, for a short time [that] National Socialism [would produce good results], and many quickly turned away from it with the same horror as I [did]."


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Together with Niko Tinbergen, Lorenz formed the idea of an innate releasing mechanism to explain instinctive behaviors (fixed action patterns). Building on the ideas of William McDougall, Lorenz developed this into a "psychohydraulic" explanation of the motives (reasons) of behavior. Another contribution is his work on imprinting. His influence on a younger generation of ethologists, as well as his books, were important in bringing ethology to the attention of the general public.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Lorenz predicted that market economics could eventually destroy Earth's ecosystem. In his 1973 book, "Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins", Lorenz considered the following paradox:


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Lorenz states that humanity is the only species that is not controlled by these mechanisms. This is because humans are the only species that can change its own environment: "[The pace of human ecology] is determined by the progress of man's technology". Not only that, but human ecology (economy) is governed by mechanisms of positive feedback, defined as a mechanism which tends to encourage behavior rather than to discourage it. p43


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Lorenz does not see human independence from natural ecological processes as necessarily bad. Indeed, he states that "a completely new [ecology] which corresponds in every way to [humanity's] desires... could, theoretically, prove as durable as that which would have existed without his intervention" p36. However, the principle of competition, typical of Western societies, destroys any chance of this:


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: In this book, Lorenz proposes that the best hope for mankind lies in our looking for mates based on the kindness of their hearts rather than good looks or wealth.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: In his 1973 book "Behind the Mirror: a search for a natural history of human knowledge", Lorenz considers an old philosophical question: Do our senses actually tell us about the world as it is? Or do they only give us an illusion? Lorenz' answer comes from evolutionary biology. Only things that help a species to survive and reproduce are kept. Anything that does not benefit a species is quickly removed through the process of natural selection. Lorenz argued that if our senses gave us wrong information about our environment, humanity would soon be extinct. Therefore we can be sure that our senses give us correct information, for otherwise we would not be here to be deceived.


title: Konrad Lorenz

text: Lorenz's best-known books are "King Solomon's Ring" and "On aggression", both written for a popular audience. His scientific work appeared mainly in journal articles, written in German; they became widely known to English-speaking scientists through the descriptions of it in Tinbergen's 1951 book "The study of instinct", though many of his papers were later published in English translation in the two volumes titled "Studies in animal and human behaviour".


title: Aung San

text: Aung San (13 February 1915 – 19 July 1947) was a Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician. He was the father of Nobel Peace winner Aung San Suu Kyi.


title: Chinstrap penguin

text: The chinstrap penguin ("Pygoscelis antarctica") is a penguin that gets its name from the narrow band of black feathers that goes under their "chin" from ear to ear. They are sometimes called the ‘stone-cracker penguin’ because of their squeaky and high pitched call. Chinstrap penguins are found in polar, shallow seas and coastal areas. Some penguins are born very pale and are called ‘Blonde’ penguins. There are more chinstrap penguins than any other penguins in the world.


title: Chinstrap penguin

text: They feed mainly on krill and fish. The chinstrap penguins make nests in round shapes made from small stones and take turns in sitting on the eggs, they can be left on the nest for 10 days.


title: Chinstrap penguin

text: These little penguins are only about tall and weigh about . Chinstraps may be small, but they are the boldest penguins of all.


title: Ronda Rousey

text: She used to be the UFC Female Bantamweight Champion until November 2015 when she got defeated by American Holly Holm. It was her first ever loss. In December 2016 she tried to win the championship back but she got defeated by TOTAL KNOCKOUT (TKO) just 48 seconds into the first round, this time by Brazilian Amanda Nunes. She now has a career in the WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc). Well known as ( Rowdy Ronda Rousey )


title: Ronda Rousey

text: She is expected to also act in movies beginning in summer 2014. She will act in the movies of Expendables 3 and Fast & Furious 7.


title: Ronda Rousey

text: She has endorsed Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign for the 2016 United States presidential election.


title: Teen Wolf (2011 TV series)

text: Teen Wolf is an American TV series. It airs on MTV and in reruns on TeenNick. Season 5 is airing June of 2015.


title: Teen Wolf (2011 TV series)

text: Teen Wolf is about Scott McCall, who is bitten by a werewolf in the pilot. He falls in love with Allison Argent, whose family are werewolf hunters. Teaming up with his best friend, Stiles, Scott must learn to deal with being a werewolf while at high school and encountering many different obstacles and beasts.


title: Elgin Baylor

text: Elgin Gay Baylor (September 16, 1934 – March 22, 2021) was an American basketball player, coach, and executive. He played 13 seasons as a forward in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Baylor played for the Minneapolis / Los Angeles Lakers, appearing in eight NBA Finals. Baylor was a gifted shooter, strong rebounder, and an accomplished passer. Baylor was famous for his acrobatic moves on the court. He regularly dazzled Lakers fans with his trademark hanging jump shots. Baylor was the No. 1 draft pick in 1958. He was NBA Rookie of the Year in 1959. Baylor was named an NBA All-Star 11 times. He is regarded as one of the game's all-time greatest players. In 1977, Baylor was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.


title: Elgin Baylor

text: Baylor was born September 16, 1934 in Washington, DC. He attended high school at Washington, D.C.'s Springarn High. He was an All-American at Seattle University. In 1958 he led his team to the NCAA finals.


title: Elgin Baylor

text: In 1958 he was the number 1 pick in the NBA draft by the Minneapolis Lakers. The Lakers were struggling and on the verge of bankruptcy. Baylor was just what they needed and he led the team to the 1959 NBA Finals. On November 15, 1960 Baylor set a then NBA record. He scored 71 points and 25 rebounds in one game. This was while he was still on active duty with the United States Army. He could only play with the Lakers on weekends.


title: Elgin Baylor

text: Baylor was 6-5 and weighed 225 pounds. He was strong and graceful on the court. During his 14-year career with the Minneapolis and Los Angeles Lakers Baylor averaged 27.4 points a game. He held an average of 13.5 rebounds per game. He averaged 27 points a game in 134 appearances in playoff games. Early in the 1970-71 season Baylor suffered a severe knee injury. He didn't return until the 1971-72 season playing only nine games before he retired. He was 37 years old.


title: Elgin Baylor

text: Baylor spent 22 years as general manager of the Los Angeles Clippers. He won the NBA Executive of the Year Award in 2006. He was relieved of his duties shortly before the 2008–09 season began.


title: A.F.C. Wimbledon

text: AFC Wimbledon were formed in 2002 by fans angry at Wimbledon F.C. moving to Milton Keynes, 70 miles away from South London. They play at Plough Lane in London.


title: Kamila Valieva

text: She is the 2022 European champion, 2021 Rostelecom Cup champion, 2021 Skate Canada International champion, 2022 Russian national champion, and 2021 Russian National silver medalist.


title: Tata Steel

text: Tata Steel Limited (formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited or TISCO) is an Indian steel-making company. Their headquarters are in Mumbai. Tata is a subsidiary of the Tata Group. It was the 12th-largest steel-making company in the world in 2012. It can make about 23.8 million tonnes of crude steel each year. They are the largest steel company in India measured by domestic production.


title: Military camp

text: A military camp or bivouac is a semi-permanent facility for where an army stays when it is not at its military base. Camps are erected when a military force travels away from a major installation or fort during training. It is also used for operations, and often form large campsites.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: Although the 1992 Atlantic hurricane season was below average, Hurricane Andrew was the exception to that. This hurricane blasted the Bahamas, southeast Florida and south central Louisiana, taking a path extremely similar to Hurricane Betsy, which also struck southern Florida and Louisiana. However, unlike Betsy, Andrew did not make flooding in New Orleans. Contrary to typical, damage from Hurricane Andrew was caused almost entirely by high winds rather than storm surge in Florida and Louisiana. This storm caused between $23 billion and $37 billion in damage (1992 USD) and between 56 and 68 fatalities, making Andrew the costliest Atlantic hurricane to hit the United States.


title: Military camp

text: In the Roman era the military camp served an entire legion. Archaeological investigations have revealed many details of these Roman camps in places such as England and Scotland.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: Andrew's devastating damage spawned many rumors. These included claims that hundreds or even thousands of migrant farm workers in south Dade County (now Miami-Dade County) were killed and their deaths were not reported in official accounts. An investigation by the "Miami Herald" found no basis for such rumors. These rumors were probably based on the 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane, when the deaths of migrant workers initially went uncounted, and were still debated at the time of Andrew.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: The slow response of federal aid to storm victims in southern Florida led Dade County emergency management director Kate Hale to become famous. At a nationally televised news conference, she exclaimed: "Where in the hell is the cavalry on this one? They keep saying we're going to get supplies. For God's sake, where are they?" Almost immediately, President George H. W. Bush promised, "Help is on the way," and mobile kitchens and tents, along with units from the 82nd Airborne Division, began pouring in.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: Insurance claims in the wake of the extreme damage caused by Andrew led to the bankruptcy and closure of 11 insurance agencies and drained an excessive amount of equity from 30 more. Nearly one million residences were no longer eligible for coverage by any insurance agency. This led the Florida Legislature to create new agencies (the Joint Underwriting Association, the Florida Windstorm Underwriting Association and the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund) to restore important insurance coverage.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: Homeowners and officials criticized developers and contractors for poor building practices and poor building codes. An inquiry after the storm concluded that there were probably construction flaws in some buildings, and that the state of Florida did enforce some strict building codes since 1986, but they were either overlooked or ignored. However, the evidence was not sufficient enough to issue criminal charges for neglect.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: The effects of Hurricane Andrew on Florida wetlands were considerable. In the Florida Everglades, 25%, 70,000 acres (280 km²) of trees were knocked down by the storm. It took 20 days for new trees and vegetation to grow following the storms passing. Damage to marine life was moderate as the storm lowered the oxygen level in the water, threatening many fish and other marine wildlife. In addition, the storm killed 182 million fish in the basin, causing $160 million (1992 USD) in lost value.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: In the decade after the storm, Hurricane Andrew may have contributed to the massive and sudden housing boom in Broward County, Florida. Located just north of Miami-Dade County, residents who had lost their homes moved to western sections of the county that were just starting to be developed. The result was record growth in places like Miramar, Pembroke Pines and Weston.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: In Louisiana, the hurricane knocked down 80% of the trees in part of the Atchafalaya River Basin near the coast. Offshore, the storm killed 9.4 million fish, causing $7.8 million (1992 USD) in lost value, and damaged large areas of marshland along the Louisiana coast.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: About 6,200 people had to be housed in 36 shelters, according to the American Red Cross. The Salvation Army sent in 37 mobile food storages, that served 40,000 meals, to help those who could get little or no food.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: Federal aid, from the Pentagon, sent in four 750 kilowatt generators, 2,500 cots, and 30,000 MRE's, or prepackaged meals, to Louisiana. About 1,279 National Guard were deployed to Louisiana, to do various duties, from cooking to patrolling.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: Sheriffs along the coast of Louisiana proposed a curfew from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. local time. Alcohol sales were also stopped immediately after the storm.


title: Hurricane Andrew

text: Because of exceptional and widespread damage in Florida and Louisiana, the name "Andrew" was retired in the Spring of 1993. It will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. The name was replaced by Alex for the 1998 season.


title: Benjamin Šeško

text: Benjamin Šeško (born 31 May 2003) is a Slovenian professional footballer. He plays as a forward for Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg and the Slovenia national team.


title: Benjamin Šeško

text: He started at his hometown club NK Radeče. He then played for Rudar Trbovlje and then returned to Radeče where he played for the under-15s and under-17s. In the 2017–18 season, he scored 59 goals in 23 matches for the under-15s. In 2018 he went to Domžale.


title: Benjamin Šeško

text: 2019 Sesko signed a contract with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. After the signing he went on loan to the farmteam FC Liefering in the Austrian Second League. For Liefering he scored in the 2020-21 season 21 goals in 29 matches, 13 of them in the last seven rounds.


title: Benjamin Šeško

text: He played his first match with Red Bull Salzburg in a 3–0 Austrian Football Bundesliga win over TSV Hartberg on 30 January 2021. He came in in minute 87 for Patson Daka.


title: Benjamin Šeško

text: Sesko played for Slovenia at U15, U16, U17 and U19 level. In June 2021 he debuted for the national team versus North Macrdonia. He was 18 years and 1 day old and became the youngest player of the national team. On 8 October 2021 he scored his first goal for Slovenia in against Malta, becoming Slovenia's youngest ever goalscorer at the age of 18 years, 4 months and 8 days.


title: Michel Fourniret

text: Michel Fourniret (4 April 1942 in Sedan – 10 May 2021 in Paris) was a French criminal. He was convicted of voyeurism and other crimes in 1986.


title: Michel Fourniret

text: He abducted and raped 14 year old Daphne Le Gennan. He was convicted to serve 7 years in prison. He was released on bail shortly after the process, because he had already served most of this time in custody. Shortly thereafter, he committed his first murder. He murdered the 17 year old Isabelle Laville. He then moved to Belgium and led a normal life. He was responsible for a canteen at a school in Gedine.


title: Michel Fourniret

text: On July 26, 2003, he tried to abduct a 13 year old girl named Marie-Ascension. The girl escaped by leaping out of his car. Fourniret was arrested in Belgium in the same year. Belgian police had grown suspicious earlier though; in April 2001, a woman said she had been chased and harassed in southern Belgium. She gave a description that matched Fourniret, and also cited the license plate of his car. Only 3 weeks later, a thirteen-year old girl named Mananya Thumpong vanished in Sedan. Since then, Fourniret has confessed he killed her.


title: Michel Fourniret

text: On July 1, 2004, Fourniret's wife, Monique Olivier, confessed. According to her account, Michel Fourniret had killed ten people. She said she had helped him with the abductions. She had also watched him rape his victims. The day after her confession, Michel said he had indeed killed eight people. Later he confessed to killing his ninth victim. Today, people believe he might have killed many more. He is currently detained in Belgium. His trial began on March 27, 2008. He is sometimes referred to as the "Ogre of the Ardennes".


title: Michel Fourniret

text: His wife Monique denounced him following the conviction of Michelle Martin, wife of convicted child murderer Marc Dutroux, for helping him with the crimes. Fourniret has been charged with the abduction of minors and sexual misconduct, and has been in detention since June 2003 for the attempted kidnapping of a 14-year-old girl in 2000. Monique has been charged with one murder and for helping him with six others.


title: Michel Fourniret

text: Fourniret's wife has also said that he killed a 16-year-old girl who had worked as an au pair at their house. Fourniret allegedly killed her in 1993, but this has not been confirmed. The identity of this alleged victim is not known.


title: Michel Fourniret

text: Fourniret was sentenced to life in prison. This is the most severe punishment the judges can give. He could have applied for parole after 30 years. His wife Olivier was found to be the driving force behind the murders. She has also been given a life sentence. She can ask for parole for the first time after 28 years.


title: Michel Fourniret

text: Fourniret died on 10 May 2021 at the age of 79 after being hospitalized in Paris with respiratory failure.


title: 1940 United States Census

text: The Sixteenth United States Census was done by the Census Bureau. It found the population of the United States to be 132,164,569. This was an increase of 7.3 percent from the 1930 population. The census date of record was April 1, 1940.


title: 1940 United States Census

text: A number of new questions were asked. These included where people were 5 years before, highest level of education, and information about wages.


title: President of Kenya

text: The President of the Republic of Kenya () is the head of state and head of government of Kenya. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Kenya. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. The first president of Kenya was Jomo Kenyatta. Now the president is William Ruto.


title: President of Kenya

text: Under the 1964 Constitutional Amendment establishing the Republic of Kenya, the President replaced the Monarch as head of state and the Prime Minister as chief executive. The President was initially elected by the House of Representatives of Kenya, and, after the merger of the House of Representatives and Senate into a unicameral National Assembly, by the National Assembly, for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President would have served as Acting President for 90 days until new elections were held.


title: President of Kenya

text: Following the enactment of the 1969 Constitution of Kenya, the system of election by the National Assembly was replaced by direct elections under a first-past-the-post system, yet true separation of powers was still not established; The President had to also be elected as an MP and he had to appoint his Ministers from among MPs, the President was still able to dissolve the National Assembly, and the Assembly was still able to declare no confidence in the ministers. Not only that, but until the first multiparty elections in 1992, only one candidate - that of the Kenya African National Union - was nominated and automatically declared winner of the elections without voting actually being held.


title: President of Kenya

text: With the enactment of the 2010 Constitution, Kenya's current, the first-past-the-post system was replaced in presidential elections in favor of a two-round system, the post of Vice-President was renamed Deputy President and was made to automatically succeed to the Presidency in case of a vacancy for the remainder of the term in a full, not merely acting, capacity, and the requirement of the President, DP, and ministers to also be MPs was abolished, finally establishing separation of powers between the executive and legislature.


title: Connie Chung

text: Constance Yu-Hwa "Connie" Chung (born August 20, 1946) is an American journalist. She was an anchor and reporter for American television networks NBC, MSNBC, CBS and CNN. Chung is married to talk show host Maury Povich. They have an adopted son.


title: Ken Weatherwax

text: Kenneth Patrick Weatherwax (September 29, 1955 – December 7, 2014) known as Kenny and billed as "Ken" Weatherwax, was an American actor. He was best known for having played Pugsley Addams on the original "The Addams Family" television series.


title: Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons

text: On April 4, 2013, Rehtaeh Parsons (, ; December 9, 1995 – April 7, 2013), a 17-year-old student at "Cole Harbor District High School", attempted suicide by hanging herself at her home in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, leading to a coma and decision to shut down medical support machinery on April 7, 2013 . Her death was attributed to online photo distribution of a gang rape that occurred 17 months before the suicide, in November 2011 .


title: Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons

text: On the Facebook page raised in tribute to her daughter, her mother blamed the young men who had raped her.


title: Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons

text: In November 2011, then aged 15, she was sexually abused at a friend's house during a party. She doesn't remember what happened that day, only remembers throwing up.


title: Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons

text: The photos of the November 2011 sexual abuse that took place were made public in just three days. Since then, several colleagues started calling her a prostitute and began sending her text messages asking for sex. She told her family and police what happened several days later.


title: Scream (franchise)

text: Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven. It stars Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, and David Arquette.


title: Scream (franchise)

text: The movie series grossed over $604 million in worldwide box-office receipts. It is made up of four movies. The first series entry, "Scream", was released on December 20, 1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States.


title: Scream (franchise)

text: The series is about Sidney Prescott, and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk and torment their victims.


title: Scream (franchise)

text: A television spin-off of the movie series was launched by MTV on June 30, 2015. The TV series follows different characters and new storylines which are not connected to the movie series.


title: Johnny Weir

text: Johnny Weir (born July 2, 1984 in Coatesville, Pennsylvania) is an American figure skater. He won the United States national championships three times. In a memoir released in January 2011, he wrote that he was gay.


title: Johnny Weir

text: Weir had a late start in skating, starting at the age of 12. He had previously competed as an equestrian.


title: Johnny Weir

text: Weir and his family moved to Delaware so he could skate. Weir originally trained at the University of Delaware. Despite his late start, Weir was the World Junior Champion in 2001 at the age of sixteen. He and Evan Lysacek won the top two medals that year, becoming the first time since 1987 that the US had gone one-and-two at Junior Worlds.


title: Johnny Weir

text: In 2003, Weir was in second place after the short program at the national championships in Dallas. However, he literally hit the wall during the program and then had a bad fall on a jump. He withdrew in the middle of the program. As he left, he got a hug from Lysacek, who told he would see him back the next year.


title: Johnny Weir

text: Following that bad competition, Weir left the University of Delaware club and moved to The Pond ice arena. His coach Priscilla Hill came with him.


title: Johnny Weir

text: In 2004, Weir won the National championships and again in 2005 and 2006. For the 2005/2006 season, Weir had a short program to The Swan. It was mocked during the movie Blades of Glory and became iconic of the 2006 Olympics. Weir had the most success of his career with this short program. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Weir was second after the short program. After a long program in which he omitted the eighth jumping pass and did two combinations when three were allowed, he dropped to fifth place overall.


title: Johnny Weir

text: In 2007, Weir won the bronze medal at Nationals. After that season he switched coaches to Galina Zmievskaya, who previously coached Viktor Petrenko and Oksana Baiul to Olympic gold medals.


title: Johnny Weir

text: Weir lives and trains in New Jersey. He also works as a model. He has appeared in spreads in fashion magazines and walked the catwalk during New York Fashion Week.


title: David Osepashvili

text: David Osepashvili (; born 3 December 1965) is a Georgian political scientist, politician, public relations and media specialist.


title: David Osepashvili

text: At different times he worked in governmental and state agencies. In both governmental and non-governmental sectors, he worked in information monitoring, including public opinion and policy research. He has relevant organizational experience. He also gives classes to students. In addition, he has a close relationship with the nongovernmental sector and government organizations.


title: David Osepashvili

text: David worked for many years in various government agencies as a chief adviser in public relations and communications, political adviser, leading analyst, chief specialist, area coordinator, expert consultant, editor-in-chief, lecturer, and in other positions.


title: David Osepashvili

text: David Osepashvili worked for such institutions as the Presidential Administration of Georgia, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Culture, State Information Service, Tbilisi Office of Assembly, Tbilisi City Hall Administration, State Department of Youth Affairs, Millennium Challenge Georgia (MCG-MCC), Imedi TV, Public Broadcaster “First Channel”, Georgian Radio, etc.


title: David Osepashvili

text: He joined the project “Civil Servant against Corruption" implemented under the sponsorship of the Open Society Georgia Foundation. He was awarded the educational grant of state employees of Tbilisi local government.


title: David Osepashvili

text: He also joined an international program in Tel Aviv. It was organized by the Agency for International Development Cooperation MASHAV of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel for the “Development of small and medium-sized businesses”.


title: David Osepashvili

text: He has broad experience both in political activities and in relations with the press and television. There are many publications and interviews in the press, comments, and interviews on TV shows.


title: Diego Velázquez

text: Diego Velázquez (baptized 6 June 1599 – 6 August 1660) was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV.


title: Diego Velázquez

text: Diego Velázquez had a hard life. He got married when he was eighteen. With his wife, he had two daughters. He died at the age of 61 after having painted many paintings, including "Las Meninas".


title: Port of Spain

text: Port of Spain is the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago. About 49,031 people live here. It is the third largest city in the country. It served as its capital since the 1700s.


title: Vladimir Nabokov

text: Vladimir Nabokov (April 22, 1899 – July 2, 1977) was a Russian-American author. He wrote his first books in Russian, and after he moved to the United States, he wrote in English. His most famous book is "Lolita", but others have also become famous, such as "Pnin", "Pale Fire", and "Ada or Ardor".


title: Vladimir Nabokov

text: Nabokov was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, the first of five children. In 1919, he and his family went to Europe. In 1945, he became an American citizen. He died in Montreux, Switzerland.


title: Vladimir Nabokov

text: Nabokov's father was a lawyer and politician. As a child, Vladimir learned Russian, English, and French. After the October Revolution, the family moved a few times, but settled in Berlin in 1920. Two years later, his father was shot and killed by mistake, because he had blocked the person the gunman was trying to murder. His mother and sister moved to Prague, but Vladimir stayed in Berlin. He wrote for other Russians who had left Russia to live there. He met Véra Slonin, a woman from a Jewish-Russian family, in 1923. They married in 1925. In 1934, they had their only child, Dmitri.


title: Vladimir Nabokov

text: In 1937, Nabokov started to look for another job. He left for France that year, and his family followed. They all fled to America in 1940, except his brother Sergei, who died in a Nazi concentration camp.


title: Vladimir Nabokov

text: Nabokov was an expert on butterflies. As a child he had read books by entomologist Maria Sibylla Merian which he found in the attic of his family's country home in Vyra.


title: Vladimir Nabokov

text: During the 1940s, he was a research fellow in zoology. He organized the butterfly collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. His specialty was the tribe Polyommatini of the family Lycaenidae.


title: Vladimir Nabokov

text: The genus "Nabokovia" was named after him in honor of this work, as were a number of butterfly and moth species (e.g. many species in the genera "Madeleinea" and "Pseudolucia" have names alluding to Nabokov or names from his novels). In 1967, Nabokov commented: "The pleasures and rewards of literary inspiration are nothing beside the rapture of discovering a new organ under the microscope or an undescribed species on a mountainside in Iran or Peru. It is not improbable that had there been no revolution in Russia, I would have devoted myself entirely to lepidopterology and never written any novels at all".


title: Cheek

text: Cheeks (also called the buccal cavity) are the area of the face under the eyes and between the nose and the ears.


title: Cheek

text: It is fleshy in humans and mammals, the skin being held up by the chin and the jaws, and making the wall of the human mouth, touching the cheekbone below the eye.


title: Cheek

text: In animals, markings on the cheek area (i.e. stripes/spots), often are features between species or individuals.


title: Trabzon

text: Trabzon, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey. It is the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon is well known for its fish production. It started as a trading colony of ancient Greece and later became capital of the Empire of Trabizond.


title: White-tailed eagle

text: The white-tailed eagle ("Haliaeetus albicilla") — also called the sea eagle, erne, and white-tailed sea-eagle — is a large bird of prey.


title: White-tailed eagle

text: It is in the family Accipitridae, which includes other raptors, such as hawks and kites. It is a close cousin of the bald eagle, but it lives in Eurasia.


title: White-tailed eagle

text: The white-tailed eagle is a very large bird. It measures in length with a wingspan. The wingspan averages about 7 feet. This is the largest of any eagle.


title: The Tale of Genji

text: It is believed to have been written by the Japanese noblewoman Murasaki Shikibu at the beginning of the 11th century, around the highest point of the Heian Period. The form of the language used at that time is called Late Old Japanese. "The Tale of Genji" is sometimes called the world's first novel, the first modern novel, or the first novel to still be considered a classic, but many readers do not agree on this.


title: The Tale of Genji

text: Japanese cultural scholar Motoori Norinaga first used the term Mono no aware in his review of the book. This term in now important in understanding Japanese literature.


title: The Tale of Genji

text: The first translation of part of "Genji Monogatari" into English was by Suematsu Kencho. It was notably translated by Japanese nun Jakucho Setouchi in 1998. Arthur Waley made a free translation of the work, except for one chapter. Edward Seidensticker made the first complete translation into English, using a more literal way than Waley. The most recent English translation, by Royall Tyler (2002), also tries to respect the original text.


title: Doubs

text: Doubs is a department in eastern France. It is in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is named after the Doubs river.


title: Doubs

text: Doubs is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Besançon as its capital. It was formed from part of the old province of "Franche-Comté".


title: Doubs

text: It was divided in six districts: Besançon, Baume-les-Dames, Saint-Hippolyte, Pontarlier, Quingey and Ornans. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Besançon, Baume-les-Dames, Pontarlier and Saint-Hippolyte. In 1816, the subprefecture of Saint-Hippolyte is moved to Montbéliard.


title: Doubs

text: After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Austrian army from June 1815 to November 1818.


title: Doubs

text: The department borders with 3 departments of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region (Jura, Haute-Saône and Territoire de Belfort) and 3 cantons of Switzerland (Vaud, Neuchâtel and Jura).


title: Doubs

text: The Doubs department is partially on the Jura Mountains, mainly the eastern part of the department on the border with Switzerland. The highest point in the department is Mont d'Or (), high; it is on the border between the "communes" Jougne and Longevilles-Mont-d'Or at about to the south of the city of Pontarlier. The lowest point is where the Ognon leaves the department, high.


title: Doubs

text: The main rivers in the department are the Doubs, that gives its name to the department, the Ognon and the Loue (tributary of the Doubs).


title: Doubs

text: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Besançon is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb.


title: Doubs

text: The average temperature for the year in Besançon is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month, on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Doubs

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Besançon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is September with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .


title: Doubs

text: Doubs is managed by the "Departmental Council of Doubs" in Besançon. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.


title: Doubs

text: There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 578 "communes" (municipalities) in Saône-et-Loire.


title: Doubs

text: The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Doubs department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Doubs

text: Doubs had a population, in 2014, of 534,710, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Besançon, with 248,199 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.


title: Organization of American States

text: The Organization of American States (OAS in English; OEA in the other three official languages) is an international organization based in Washington, D.C. It has all thirty-five independent nations of the Americas as its members.


title: Organization of American States

text: For its work Organization of American States (OAS) uses four languages: English language, French language, Portuguese language, and Spanish language.


title: Organization of American States

text: Many people and politicians of different countries of North America and South America had thought of an organization of their countries. These countries have also formed different organizations from time to time. Beginning from 1889 to 1890, these countries held meetings known as the International Conference of American States. At its first conference, 18 countries formed the International Union of American Republics.


title: Organization of American States

text: In 1910, these countries held the Fourth International Conference of American States at Buenos Aires. They changed the name of the International Union of American Republics to the Union of American Republics. These countries held the ninth International Conference of American States between March and May 1948 at Bogotá. On 30th April 1948, 21 countries signed an agreement. They called this agreement the Charter of the Organization of American States. This was the beginning of the Organization of American States (OAS). OAS started functioning from December 1951.


title: Organization of American States

text: The Charter of the OAS states the goals for forming the OAS. There are many goals. Some important goals relate to peace and security for these countries; development of democratic governments; and economic cooperation.


title: Organization of American States

text: All 35 independent nations of America are members of the OAS. Upon foundation on 5 May 1948 there were 21 members:


title: Organization of American States

text: The later expansion of the OAS included the newly independent nations of the Caribbean (most of whom gained independence only after World War II) and Canada. Members with later admission dates (sorted chronologically):


title: William Ramsay

text: Sir William Ramsay KCB FRS (William Ramsay, Jr.; 2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist. Ramsay discovered the noble gases. He also helped discover several elements that are on our periodic table today. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" (along with Lord Rayleigh).


title: William Ramsay

text: Ramsay was born in Glasgow on 2 October 1852. He was a nephew of the geologist Sir Andrew Ramsay. His father, William, Sr., was a civil engineer. His mother was Catherine Robertson. He studied at Glasgow Academy, at the University of Glasgow and at University of Tübingen in Germany.


title: William Ramsay

text: Ramsay went back to Glasgow as an assistant at the Anderson College. He found a job as Professor of chemistry at the University College of Bristol in 1879.


title: William Ramsay

text: On the evening of 19 April 1894 Ramsay was at a lecture given by Lord Rayleigh. Rayleigh had noticed a difference between the density of nitrogen made by chemical synthesis and nitrogen isolated from the air by removal of the other known components. He named the gas responsible for this difference "argon".


title: William Ramsay

text: He was working with Morris Travers, when he discovered neon, krypton, and xenon. He also isolated helium. In 1910, he also created and characterized radon. In 1904, Ramsay received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.


title: William Ramsay

text: Ramsay was married to Margaret Buchanan in 1881. They had one daughter, Catherine, and one son, William George. William George died when he was 40.


title: William Ramsay

text: Ramsay lived in Hazlemere, Buckinghamshire until his death. He died in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire on 23 July 1916 from nasal cancer (nose cancer). He died at the age of 63. He was buried in Hazlemere Parish church.


title: Gastroenteritis

text: Gastroenteritis is a medical term for inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It causes diarrhea, vomiting and stomach pain. It usually happens because of infection by a virus or bacteria. Another term for Gastroenteritis is Stomach Flu.


title: Twilight

text: In the morning, dawn is when it is not dark any more, and the light of the sun is just starting to appear, before sunrise. In the evening, it is the other way around and that phenomenon is called dusk. At sunset, the sun disappears, and darkness is settling in. Light fades away.


title: Gastroenteritis

text: Other common terms for gastroenteritis include infectious diarrhea, stomach bug, and stomach virus. It is sometimes called stomach flu or gastric flu, but it is "not" related to the influenza virus (which is often shortened to 'flu').


title: Air France

text: Air France is one of the largest airlines in the world. It is based in France. It is owned by Air France-KLM. Before it merged with KLM, it employed 71,654 people. Its headquarters are at Charles de Gaulle International Airport near Paris.


title: Air France

text: The airline can be traced back to 1933, when four other French airlines were combined to create "Air France". Air France hired its first flight attendants in 1946. The airline started flying between Paris and New York City on July 1, 1946. In 1957, the airline bought its first jet aircraft. Air France was one of 4 airlines that flew the Concorde. It used it from 1976 until 2003. In 1988, the airline became the first to fly the Airbus A320. In 2003, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and Air France announced they were going to be combining. The combination ended in 2004. As of 2016, Air France is going through many financial problems.


title: Pascal

text: Now, there are many different dialects of the language, some of which support object-oriented programming.


title: Pascal

text: In 1990 the “Pascal” and “Extended Pascal” standards were registered with the International Organization for Standardization.


title: Olivia de Havilland

text: Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland (July 1, 1916 – July 26, 2020) was a British-American actress. She was one of two only living stars of "Gone with the Wind", but there are also actors with smaller roles in said movie who are still alive. She has won the Academy Award two times. She is the sister of late actress Joan Fontaine, who also won the Academy Award. They did not get along ever since they were children.


title: Olivia de Havilland

text: De Havilland was born in Tokyo to British parents. She became an American citizen in 1941. She lived in Paris from 1956 until her death in 2020.


title: Sitka, Alaska

text: Sitka (Tlingit: Sheetʼká; ) is a city in Alaska, originally founded as New Archangel () by the Russian Rule between 1799 and 1867, and was the capital of Russian America.


title: Hungarian forint

text: The forint (sign Ft; code HUF) is the currency of Hungary. It was formerly divided into 100 fillér, but fillér coins are no longer in circulation. The introduction of the forint on 1 August 1946 was a crucial step in the post-World War II stabilisation of the Hungarian economy, and the currency remained relatively stable until the 1980s. Transition to a market economy in the early 1990s made the forint less valuable; inflation peaked at 35% in 1991. As a member of the European Union, the long-term aim of the Hungarian government may be to replace the forint with the euro, although under the current government there is no target date for adopting the euro.


title: Formic acid

text: Formic acid, or methanoic acid, is the simplist carboxylic acid and has the chemical formula . Many animals use for defence. The word "formic" comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies, and the trivial name in some languages means "ant-acid", such as Dutch mierenzuur, Danish myresyre, Faroese meyrusýra, Français acide formique and German Ameisensäure. Esters, salts, and the anions derived from formic acid are called formates.


title: Formic acid

text: In the 15th century, many alchemists reported that ants use an acidid fluid for defense. English naturalist John Ray was the first to get formic acid, by distilling ants, in 1671.


title: Formic acid

text: In nature, it is found in most ants. The wood ants from the genus Formica can spray formic acid on their preys or to defend the nest. It is also known from the trichomes of stinging nettle ("Urtica dioica"). Formic acid is a naturally occurring component of the atmosphere due primarily to forest emissions.


title: Okeanos

text: Okeanos (Latin: Oceanus) is a Titan in Greek mythology. He is titan of the earth-encircling river Okeanos. His parents are Gaia and Uranos. With his sister Tethys his children are the river gods, the sea and spring nymphs, the Okeanids.


title: Malcolm Turnbull

text: Malcolm Bligh Turnbull (born 24 October 1954) is an Australian politician. He was the leader of the Liberal Party and Prime Minister of Australia. He was Minister for Communications in the government of Australia under Prime Minister Tony Abbott from 18 September 2013 until 14 September 2015. Turnbull is also the former Leader of the Opposition in the Australian Parliament, and former leader of the Liberal Party, succeeding Brendan Nelson on 16 September 2008.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: Philip Kindred Dick (December 16, 1928 – March 2, 1982) was an American writer. He is mostly known for his works of science fiction. In addition to his published novels, Dick wrote "approximately 121 short stories. He wrote most of them for science fiction magazines." At least eight of his stories have been adapted into movies.


title: Caper

text: The caper ("Capparis spinosa"), is a perennial winter-deciduous species that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and big white to pinkish-white flowers. A caper is also the pickled bud of this plant. Caper bush is present in almost all the countries and is included in the floristic composition of most of them but whether it is indigenous to this region is uncertain. Although the flora of the Mediterranean region has considerable endemism, the caper bush could have originated in the tropics, and later been naturalized to the Mediterranean basin.


title: Malcolm Turnbull

text: He lost the leadership positions on 1 December 2009, by one vote to Tony Abbott. Turnbull had agreed to allow the government's emissions trading scheme (ETS) to pass through the parliament. This was opposed by many people in the Liberal Party who argued that an ETS was unnecessary. Other people in the party thought an ETS would harm Australia's coal exports. Others in the party did not like the way that Turnbull managed the arguments within his party.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: Philip K. Dick developed what would later be called cyberpunk. Many of his works are about themes from sociology. Often, politics also play an important role. Very often there are Authoritarian Governments, and very powerful companies in his books. In his later books, Dick writes about drug use. He writes about characters that have paranoia or schizophrenia. In novels such as "A Scanner Darkly" or "VALIS" he uses his own experiences.


title: Malcolm Turnbull

text: Turnbull was elected in his full-term Prime Minister position in the 2016 federal election. He resigned in August 2018 following a leadership challenge in the Liberal Party where Scott Morrison was elected as the party's leader and eventual Prime Minister.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: He was awarded the Hugo Award for his novel, "The Man in the High Castle", in 1963. "I want to write about people I love, and put them into a fictional world spun out of my own mind, not the world we actually have, because the world we actually have does not meet my standards," Dick wrote of these stories. "In my writing I even question the universe; I wonder out loud if it is real, and I wonder out loud if all of us are real." Dick spent most of his career as a writer. He did not have much money.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: Dick died of a stroke. In 2007, he became the first science fiction writer to be included in The Library of America series (#173).


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "The Man in the High Castle" (1962) takes place in an different universe. There the United States is ruled by the Axis powers, who have won the Second World War. Many people consider it to be one of the important novels about a different view on history. It is the only Dick novel to win a Hugo Award. Philipkdickfans.com recommends this novel, along with "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" and "Ubik" as an introductory novel to readers new to the writing of Philip K. Dick.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch" (1965) uses many concepts from science fiction. It has several layers of reality and unreality. It is also one of Dick’s first works to explore religious themes.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch" takes place in the twenty-first century. Under the supervision of the United Nations authority, mankind has colonized the solar system's every habitable planet and moon. Life is physically daunting and psychologically monotonous for most colonists, so the UN must draft people to go to the colonies. Most entertain themselves using "Perky Pat" dolls and accessories manufactured by Earth-based "P.P. Layouts". The company also secretly creates "Can-D", an illegal but widely available hallucinogenic drug allowing the user to "translate" into Perky Pat (if the drug user is a woman) or Pat's boyfriend, Walt (if the drug user is a man). This recreational use of Can-D allows colonists to experience a few minutes of an idealized life on Earth by participating in a collective hallucination.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" is the story of a bounty hunter policing the local android population. It occurs on a dying, poisoned Earth. All "successful" humans have left, the only remaining inhabitants of the planet are people with no prospects off-world. Androids, also known as andys, all have a preset "death" date. However, a few andys seek to escape this fate and supplant the humans on Earth.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" (1968) is well known as the literary source of the influential 1982 movie "Blade Runner." It is about the question "What is real, what is fake? Are the human-looking and human-acting androids fake or real humans? Should we treat them as machines or as people? What important factor defines humanity as distinctly alive, versus those merely alive only in their outward appearance?


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "Ubik" (1969) uses big networks of psychics and a suspended state after death in creating a state of eroding reality. In 2005, "Time Magazine" listed it among the All-TIME 100 Greatest Novels.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "Flow My Tears, The Policeman Said" (1974) is about Jason Taverner, a television star living in a dystopic near-future police state. After being attacked by an angry ex-girlfriend, Taverner awakens in a dingy hotel room. He still has his money in his wallet, but his identification cards are missing. This is no minor inconvenience, as security checkpoints manned by pols and Nats - the police and National Guard - are set up throughout the city to stop and arrest anyone without valid ID.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: Jason at first thinks that he was robbed, but soon discovers that his entire identity has been erased. There is no record of him in any official database, and even his closest associates do not recognize or remember him. For the first time in many years, Jason has no fame or reputation to rely on. He has only his charisma to help him when he tries to find out what happened to his past and avoid the attention of the pols.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "Flow My Tears, The Policeman Said" was Dick's first published novel after years of silence. In these years, his critical reputation had grown, and this novel was awarded the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel. It is the only Philip K. Dick novel nominated both for a Hugo and for a Nebula Award.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: In an essay written two years before dying, Dick described how he learned from his Episcopalian priest that an important scene in the novel was very similar to a scene in the Acts of the Apostles. Richard Linklater talks about this novel in his movie Waking Life, which begins with a scene reminiscent of another Dick novel, Time out of Joint.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "A Scanner Darkly" (1977) is a bleak mixture of science fiction and police procedural novels. In its story, an undercover narcotics police detective begins to lose touch with reality. This is because he becomes a victim of the drug he should have fought against. This drug is called "SubstanceD". It permanently changes the mind of the people who take it. Substance D is instantly addictive. It starts with a pleasant euphoria. This feeling is quickly replaced with increasing confusion, hallucinations and eventually total psychosis. It was adapted to movie by Richard Linklater.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "VALIS," (1980) is perhaps Dick’s most postmodern and autobiographical novel. It looks at his own unexplained experiences. Some people also see it as his most academic work. It was made into an opera by Tod Machover. "VALIS" was voted Philip K. Dick‘s best novel at the website philipkdickfans.com.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: His later works, especially the "VALIS trilogy", were heavily autobiographical.The word "VALIS" is the acronym for "Vast Active Living Intelligence System"; it is the title of a novel. The theme can be found in at least three more novels.


title: Philip K. Dick

text: Dick has had a big impact on modern philosophy. The things he wrote about postmodernity have been noted by many philosophers. Among them were Jean Baudrillard, Fredric Jameson and Slavoj Žižek. Žižek is especially fond of using Dick's short stories to articulate the ideas of Jacques Lacan. For Baudrillard, Dick is the ultimate articulation of hyperreality:


title: Philip K. Dick

text: "It is hyperreal. It is a universe of simulation, which is something altogether different. And this is so not because Dick speaks specifically of simulacra. SF has always done so, but it has always played upon the double, on artificial replication or imaginary duplication, whereas here the double has disappeared. There is no more double; one is always already in the other world, an other world which is not another, without mirrors or projection or utopias as means for reflection. The simulation is impassable, unsurpassable, checkmated, without exteriority. We can no longer move "through the mirror" to the other side, as we could during the golden age of transcendence."


title: Charlie Hebdo shooting

text: On 7 January 2015, at approximately 11:30 CET (10:30 UTC), three masked gunmen armed with Kalashnikov rifles, a shotgun, and a rocket-propelled grenade launcher stormed the headquarters of the French satirical magazine "Charlie Hebdo" in Paris. They shot and killed 12 people, including "Charlie Hebdo" staff and two French National police officers, and wounded 11 others. In Niger churches and cars were burned in protest of Muhammed on the cover of "Charlie Hebdo".


title: Charlie Hebdo shooting

text: The gunmen entered the building and began shooting with automatic weapons, while shouting ""Allahu Akbar"". Up to 50 shots were fired during the attack. Following a massive manhunt, the French police believe they have located the attackers and are mounting an operation against them. On Twitter people used the hashtag #JeSuisCharlie to show support for freedom of speech after the shooting.


title: Charlie Hebdo shooting

text: "Charlie Hebdo" is an antireligious left-wing newspaper. In 2011 the newspaper's office was firebombed because the cover of an issue of the newspaper called "Charia Hebdo" had a cartoon of Prophet Muhammed on it. The newspaper's editor-in-chief Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier was added to Al-Qaeda's most wanted list in 2013.


title: Charlie Hebdo shooting

text: Saïd Kouachi and Chérif Kouachi were identified by French police as the main suspects in the shooting. The two Franco-Algerian brothers, both from Gennevilliers, are aged 34 and 32, respectively. In 2008, Chérif Kouachi was convicted of terrorism charges and sentenced to three years in prison, along with 18 months of suspension, for having assisted in sending fighters to Iraq's insurgency.


title: Charlie Hebdo shooting

text: Hamyd Mourad, an 18-year-old homeless man of unknown nationality, was identified by the police as a third suspect in the shooting.


title: Georges Danton

text: Georges Jacques Danton (26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a politician during the French Revolution.He was a member of the city council of Paris, minister of justice and head of the Provisional Executive Council, member of the Convention, member of the National Assembly, and he was the first president of the committee of public safety. The Reign of Terror lasted from 1793 to 1794. During the Reign of Terror, Danton changed his mind: He said that continuing the Reign of Terror was a bad idea, but other people disagreed. Danton was charged with treason and executed on the guillotine.


title: Icelandic króna

text: The Icelandic króna (ISK; plural krónur; "króna" means "crown") is the currency used in Iceland. The name "Icelandic crown" is sometimes used instead.


title: Pussy Riot

text: The group was formed in August 2011 in Moscow. Three members of the group (Yekaterina Samutsevich, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, and Maria Alyokhina) were put in prison for a protest they did at a cathedral in Moscow against Vladimir Putin. Yekaterina Samutsevich was let out of prison in September 2012 after her appeal succeeded.


title: Icelandic króna

text: There are currently only 5 banknotes (500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 króna) and 5 coins (1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 króna) in circulation.


title: Pussy Riot

text: There were protests around the world by people who thought that it was wrong for Pussy Riot members to be put in prison. Lots of famous people said that they should be released including Madonna. On December 23, 2013, Tolokonnikova and Alyokhina were let out. Other members declared that Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and Maria Alyokhina could not be Pussy Riot members because they showed their faces on US television.


title: Icelandic króna

text: The Danish krone was introduced to Iceland in 1874. It replaced the earlier Danish currency, the rigsdaler. Iceland began making its own currency in 1885. The Danish krone left Iceland after the collapse of the Scandinavian Monetary Union. Iceland gained it's independence over Denmark in 1918, and the first coins were issued in 1922.


title: Pussy Riot

text: In January 2013 a documentary about Pussy Riot called "Pussy Riot: A Punk Prayer" was released. On 21 October 2013 BBC4 showed it.


title: Icelandic króna

text: Iceland experienced hyperinflation in 1981. So the currency was revalued. This meant that the 100 old krónur (ISJ) became as valuable as 1 new króna (ISK). The new 500 krónur banknote was also put into circulation the same year. The largest banknote ever issued was a 10,000 krónur. This bill was made after the 2008–11 Icelandic financial crisis.


title: Icelandic króna

text: In 2009, the Althing voted to join the European Union. After the left-wing parties were voted out of office, the negotiation were stopped. Nowadays, most people predict that the króna will remain the Icelandic currency for a long time.


title: Icelandic króna

text: A major financial crisis hit Iceland from 2008 to 2011. It brought about a collapse of the Icelandic banking sector. The value of the Icelandic króna dropped, and it went down to around 185 ISK per 1 euro. After many of the issues were resolved, the krónur value went up to around 140 ISK per 1 euro. However, the value has not been as high as it was since before the crisis (it was at 82 ISK per 1 euro in mid-2007).


title: Dan Castellaneta

text: Daniel Louis Castellaneta (born October 29, 1957) is an Emmy award winning American actor, voice actor, comedian and screenwriter best known for providing the voice of Homer Simpson and other characters on the long-running FOX animated series "The Simpsons". As well as being a voice actor for "The Simpsons", Dan Castellaneta has also written a few episodes of "The Simpsons" along with his wife, Deb Lacusta.


title: Gilbertese language

text: The Gilbertese language is an Austronesian language spoken in Kiribati, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.


title: Friedrich III of Germany

text: Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl von Hohenzollern (New Palace, Potsdam ; 18 October 1831 - New Palace, Potsdam ; 15 June 1888) was the only son of Wilhelm I.


title: Friedrich III of Germany

text: After his father's death on 9 March 1888 Friedrich Wilhelm became King of Prussia and German Emperor as Friedrich III, but he was already suffering from throat cancer and died after just 99 days on the throne.


title: Friedrich III of Germany

text: On 25 January 1858 he married Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom, eldest child of Queen Victoria and Albert the Prince Consort. They had seven children. The oldest, Friedrich Wilhelm, followed him as King and Emperor.


title: Friedrich III of Germany

text: Friedrich Wilhelm III died of throat cancer in Potsdam. He is buried next to his wife in the Mausoleum of the Friedenskirche in Sanssouci Park, Potsdam.


title: World of Warcraft

text: World of Warcraft is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). It was made by Blizzard Entertainment. The game setting is the same for other games using the name "Warcraft". It has seven expansions, "", "", "", ", World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor," World of Warcraft: Legion" and World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth."


title: World of Warcraft

text: "Warcraft: Orcs and Humans" was a real-time strategy game. The same for "Warcraft 2" and its add-on, "" and "Warcraft 3" and its add-on, "". "World of Warcraft" is different than the other games because it is a MMORPG. This means that many people from around the world may play together in the online world.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Players move or advance through the game by gaining experience from killing enemies and finishing quests that are given throughout the game. If a player has enough experience, they will gain a level. The maximum level that a player can reach is currently 60.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Each level is made higher by each expansion by 10 or 5. At the highest level, players can still get stronger by obtaining items from instances and raids, which are dungeons that require 10 to 25 players to work together to take down bosses and enemies. "World of Warcraft" has developed a community of 'raiding guilds' that compete with each other for in these raid instances.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Humans look similar to human beings. Humans may choose from the following classes: warrior, rogue, hunter, paladin, mage, warlock, priest, and death knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Dwarves are short, scruffy, and enjoy their liquor. Dwarves may choose from the following classes: warrior, rogue, paladin, priest, hunter, warlock, mage, shaman


title: World of Warcraft

text: Gnomes are very short and mischievous and enjoy explosions and dangerous tools, their hair color may be pink or green or other colors. Gnomes may choose from the following classes: warrior, rogue, warlock, mage, and death knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Night elves are tall and muscular. Their skin can be colored purple to pale white. Night elves may choose from the following classes: warrior, rogue, druid, priest, hunter, and death knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Draenei are tall blue creatures from the planet Draenor. Draenei may choose from the following classes: warrior, shaman, paladin, mage, priest, hunter, death knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Worgen are werewolves that used to be humans. Worgen may choose from the following classes: Mage, Priest, Rogue, Warlock, Warrior, Druid, Hunter, and Death Knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Orcs are muscular, hairy, and green. Orcs may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Rogue, Shaman, Warlock, Hunter, and Death Knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Tauren are very tall, nature-loving cows that walk on two feet. Tauren may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Shaman, Druid, Hunter, and Death Knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Trolls are tall and can have large tusks, ranging from blue to green skin, with very colorful hair. Trolls may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Rogue, Shaman, Mage, Priest, Hunter, and Death Knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Undead of the Forsaken faction are fairly short and pale with stringy hair, and their bones show through their clothing. Undead may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Rogue, Mage, Warlock, Priest, and Death Knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Blood Elves are of medium height and very thin, ranging in color from brown to pink to white. They have green eyes and long eyebrows. Blood elves may choose from the following classes: Warrior, Rogue, Paladin, Mage, Warlock, Priest, Hunter, and Death Knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Goblins are short, ugly, and green. They are very greedy and like to destroy things. Goblins may choose from the following classes: Mage, Priest, Rogue, Warlock, Warrior, Shaman, Hunter, and Death Knight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: In the game, there are classes. Once a player has made a character, the character's class cannot be changed, but the character can be deleted. Players can have up to 50 characters on each account they pay for, and up to 10 characters per realm.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Mages cast spells using arcane, frost, or fire magic. Mages wear cloth armor and are very vulnerable to melee damage. They have access to massive ranged spell damage and area of effect capabilities.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Rogues have a large number of escape tools to get away from battles they do not want to fight. Rogues can stealth (turn invisible) and stun their enemies in melee range, holding one weapon in each hand. Rogues use an energy bar


title: World of Warcraft

text: Warriors can use nearly any one or two-handed weapon in the game, and may use shields. Warriors get angry (gaining "rage" when attacking enemies) and attack their enemies in melee range.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Paladins may use 1 handed weapons and shields, or 2 handed weapons, they cannot dual wield. Paladins use holy magic via seal and judgment spells to attack in melee range, or they can be healers.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Shamans wield the elements of nature and fire (and sometimes frost) spells. Shamans can use shields and can dual wield 1 handed weapons or use 2 handed weapons, and may fight in melee range, may cast from range, or may be healers.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Warlocks cast shadow and fire magic spells. Warlocks wear cloth armor and are vulnerable to melee damage. Warlocks also summon demonic minions (pets) to help them in battle.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Druids use arcane and nature spells, or may choose talents to be more of a melee fighter. Druids can shift into forms of animals like bear, cat, walrus, and cheetah. Healing druids can turn into a tree form, and the druid caster form is known as Moonkin.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Priests wear cloth and are vulnerable to melee damage. Priests can either heal with holy and discipline spells or do damage with shadow spells.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Hunters attack with a bow, crossbow or guns from range while their pets attack and keep an enemy's hate in melee range. Hunters can tame many kinds of pets including spiders, bears, worms, wasps, and many more.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Death Knights use runes and runic power to attack their enemies in melee range. Death Knights also have a number of ranged abilities to keep their targets from running away in battle.


title: World of Warcraft

text: When a player gets to level 10, each level up afterward earns one talent point to be put into one of three class-specific talent trees. Different classes have different types of talents that are divided into three "talent trees", which are DPS (Damage Per Second), tanking (taking damage), and healing (healing damage). Putting points into the DPS tree may make them do more damage to enemies, putting points into the tanking tree may make them take less damage, while putting points into the healing tree may make them heal for more damage. However, a talent may not affect it directly.


title: World of Warcraft

text: For example, if a priest character wants to do more damage to enemies, the priest would put talent points into the "Shadow" talent tree. If a priest wants to heal groupmates, the priest would put talent points into the "Holy" talent tree.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Agility - This effects the characters dodge, critical strike and attack power (Although this is only true for certain classes).


title: World of Warcraft

text: Ignore Armour Rating - This enables the "melee" damage you cause to ignore a percentage of the opponents armor.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Ignore Armour Rating - This enables the "Ranged" damage you cause to ignore a percentage of the opponents armor.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Hit Rating - This increases the chance to it an enemy. This is capped at 8% (So do not go overboard and get 21% like I did, it is a waste of gold).


title: World of Warcraft

text: Spell Penetration - This enables the "Spell / Magic" damage you cause to ignore magical resistance equal to the amount of spell penetration you have.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Critical Strike Rating - This effects your chance to cause additional damage on any "Spell / Magic" attack.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Speed Rating - Causes the cast time of your spells to be reduced. This is useless once it gets to one second, because of a global cooldown on all your spells.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Mana Regeneration - Increases your mana regeneration out of combat and while casting. This is very important for healers so that they do not OOM part way through a fight.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Bonus Damage / Bonus Healing - Some items specifically give you 'spell power' which is similar to attack power. Except it is separated into healing and damage. This is because some items give just these. Example: I help to kill a strong Boss, and I get a new robe. +23 spell power +30 healing power. (I am a DPS so I would give this to the groups healer instead.)


title: World of Warcraft

text: Defense Rating - Increases your likely hood to dodge, block and parry. This is very important for tanks to have. (With cata Changes now does not exist in game.)


title: World of Warcraft

text: Parry - The ability to deflect an oncoming attack with your weapon. This is expressed as a percentage.


title: World of Warcraft

text: PvE - Stands for Player versus environment. Generally refers to all content in the game that is played against AI controlled units. This typically refers to raids and dungeons.


title: World of Warcraft

text: PvP - Stands for Player versus Player. Refers to all content in the game that is played with / against other human controlled units. Typically refers to Battlegrounds (rated and non-rated), Arenas and City Raids.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Mobs/Adds - A mob or add is a creature that is not player controlled. They are generally used in kill or collection quests. In Dungeons / Raids they can be used to swarm at your group, or to make the game a little bit more challenging. They do not often give very good loot, or experience.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Boss - A Boss is a creature that is not player controlled. They are mainly found inside Dungeons / Raids and are often very difficult to kill. Each Boss is a different fight and requires a large amount of skill and awareness to kill. Bosses give higher than average items, these can range from gear, to mounts and tokens.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Raid - A Raid is a specific area of the game, that is mostly cut off from the main world. The original World of Warcraft allowed up to 40 man Raids. Lately this has been reduced down to 10 mans and 25 mans. A Raid is a place to test your characters skills and interact with other players around the world. In each Raid there are Bosses and Mobs.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Dungeon - A Dungeon is smaller than a raid only being 5 man. Dungeons are designed to take people who have just reached the top level and give them better gear, so that they can start Raiding. Dungeons are also open to people who are still leveling. So that people can get better gear to make leveling faster, Or to complete quests that are inside Dungeons.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Threat - Threat is what causes a creature to attack a target. The Tank needs to generate enough threat to keep the Mobs / Boss attacking him. DPS also need to make sure they do not exceed the Tanks threat on the target. Example: I am a DPS, who is new. I cast lots of high threat spells during a Boss fight. The Boss turns around and kills me because I had more threat than the Tank. Since no one else had more Threat than the Tank the Boss re-focuses of him again. And I have to sit down and watch everyone fighting because I am dead.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Aggro - Aggro is when a Mob / Boss is focused on you. Example: The Tank losses aggro, because you were generating to much threat.


title: World of Warcraft

text: Tank - A person who protects the group by taking most of the damage and keeping the enemies attention. The Tanks generally need a specific amount of Defense, Dodge, and Parry to be allowed to tank higher levels of Raids. These people are always in demand.


title: World of Warcraft

text: DPS - Stands for Damage Per Second. These people are important for any Raid / Dungeon they are specialized in dealing high amounts of damage. DPS must not however cause too threat that they pull the Boss away from the Tank. This can prove fatal. DPS are never in demand because it is something all classes have the option to be.


title: World of Warcraft

text: LOM/OOM - LOM means Low on Mana, this is not a very common phrase. OOM means Out of Mana, this is a lot more widely used in game. Energy has a fast regeneration and has a limit of 110 (with talents) 100 without. Rage and Runic power are also from a 0 - 100 scale, performing abilities and dealing damage grants more allowing more abilities to be used. Mana has no capped amount, the more Intellect your character has the more mana you have to play with.


title: World of Warcraft

text: CC - Stands for Crowd Control. Refers to all spells / abilities in the game that cause the target to be unable to perform certain tasks. Most commonly used in PvP but also widely used in PvE. Examples of CCs include: Stuns, Fears, Silences, Polymorphs, Cyclones etc.


title: World of Warcraft

text: LoS - Stands for Line of Sight. When there is an object or obstacle between the player in question and the target. Most commonly used in PvP as both a defensive tool (preventing spells to land and thus reducing damage and/or CCs) or an offensive tool (kiting an opposing player behind an obstacle and killing while preventing the opposing team's healer from being able to heal the target).


title: World of Warcraft

text: bio - Stands for Biology Break (i.e. bathroom break). Typically used in conjunction with "brb" (be right back) to inform the people in the party / raid that you will be right back after going to the bathroom.


title: X-Men

text: The fictional characters, the X-Men, are a team of superheroes who were born with special mutant powers, making them different from regular humans. The X-Men characters are owned by Marvel Comics, which publishes comic books featuring them as well as many other superheroes. The comic book was one of the first to combine social issues and social commentary into a superhero story, set in a world where people with mutant abilities are hated by those born without them. This is similar to acts of ableism seen throughout history. Unlike "some" mutants, the X-Men try to be good and show tolerance toward humans and other mutants. The idea behind the superheroes were inspired by the African-American equality supporters like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King.


title: Photochemistry

text: Photochemistry is the study of chemical reactions with light. There are many natural examples. One is photosynthesis, how plants make oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Another is making vitamin D in the body.


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: Herbert Marshall McLuhan, CC (July 21, 1911 – December 31, 1980) was a Canadian Professor of English literature who turned his attention to media. He was interested in the ways different media affected society.


title: Chalon-sur-Saône

text: Chalon-sur-Saône is a city and a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of France. It is the largest city of the department; however, the department capital is the smaller city of Mâcon.


title: X-Men

text: The leader and mentor of the X-Men is Professor Charles Xavier, who is more commonly known as "Professor X" and has mental powers. He wants to gain civil rights for mutants in the way that Martin Luther King did for African Americans; through peace.


title: Photochemistry

text: Many times reactions go with heat: as you heat molecules, they start to move around and so hit other molecules which can then react. What molecules need is just some activation energy, a little energy to start the reaction. In the case of photochemistry, this energy is given by the light. A molecule or an atom absorbs at a certain wavelength. If light is given at this wavelength then the molecule or atom becomes excited. It is then easier for it to react.


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: His work was a cornerstone of media studies, and had some practical applications in the advertising and television industries. His best-known work was "".


title: Chalon-sur-Saône

text: Though the place where is Chalon-sur-Saône now was an important town of the Aedui (Celtic people that lived between the Saône and Loire rivers) and objects of La Tène culture have been found here, the first mention of the town, as Cavillonum or Cabillonum, is found in Julius Caesar's "Gallic Wars" (VII, chs. 42 and 90).


title: X-Men

text: Some of the X-Men's enemies include Magneto, Mystique, Sabretooth, Toad, Juggernaut, Mister Sinister and Apocalypse. The leader of X-Men's enemies is Magneto. He wants to gain civil rights for mutants in the forceful style of Malcolm X.


title: Photochemistry

text: Another way in which light can help reactions go is by changing the symmetry of a molecule. This can be tested with the Woodward–Hoffmann rules. Some pericyclic reactions go with heat, some go only with light.


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: Although he was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s, his influence began to wane in the early 1970s. In the years after his death, he continued to be a controversial figure in academic circles. With the arrival of the internet, however, there was renewed interest in his work and perspective.


title: Chalon-sur-Saône

text: Chalon-sur-Saône is on the sides of the Saône river, in the south of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. The city is at to the southeast of Paris and at to the north of Lyon.


title: X-Men

text: The X-Men characters have since been featured in various comic book series, motion pictures, toys, animated series, and much more.


title: Photochemistry

text: In atmospheric chemistry, light is very important. This is because there is much more UV light at the top of the atmosphere. This allows reactions that do not happen on the ground. For example, ozone can split in an oxygen molecule and one oxygen atom.


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: McLuhan's "The Gutenberg Galaxy: the making of typographic man" (1962) was a history of print, and its effect on society.


title: Chalon-sur-Saône

text: The Saône river flows through the eastern part of the city and the small river Thalie flows through the western part of the "commune".


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: In the book, McLuhan showed how alphabetic writing, the printing press and later media, affect thought, which in turn affects social organization:


title: Chalon-sur-Saône

text: Chalon-sur-Saône is surrounded by the "communes" Fragnes, Crissey, Châtenoy-en-Bresse, Saint-Marcel, Lux, Saint-Rémy, Châtenoy-le-Royal and Champforgeuil.


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: "Understanding Media: the extensions of Man" was a pioneering study of the effects of media. The book suggests that media affect their content in important ways. It is an attempt to understand how different media have affected society. McLuhan suggests that media play a role, not by the content delivered, but by the characteristics of the medium itself.


title: Chalon-sur-Saône

text: The climate of Chalon-sur-Saône, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: McLuhan pointed to the light bulb as an example. A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, but it is a medium that has a social effect. The light bulb lets people do things at nightime which would be impossible in darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium without any content. McLuhan states that "a light bulb creates an environment by its mere presence". He then goes on to compare the effects of radio, television and film (movis).


title: Chalon-sur-Saône

text: Chalon-sur-Saône forms, with other 9 "communes", the urban area of Chalon-sur-Saône, with a population of 74.357 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Chalon-sur-Saône, formed by 90 "communes" with a population of 134,568 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: The book is the source of the well-known phrase "The medium is the message". This is the idea that a medium like television actually affects the way information is seen and understood.


title: Chalon-sur-Saône

text: Chalon-sur-Saône is a subprefecture of the Saône-et-Loire department since 1800. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône and the administrative centre () of three cantons:


title: Marshall McLuhan

text: "The Medium is the Message: an inventory of effects" (1967) was a spin-off from his previous book. It was compiled by Quentin Fiore from writings of McLuhan with many photos and graphics selected by the compiler. The text is based on published McLuhan works, but the sources are not listed. It was a huge best-seller. "eventually selling nearly a million copies worldwide".


title: Gainesville, Florida

text: Gainesville is a city in north-central Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Alachua County.


title: Gainesville, Florida

text: It is home to the University of Florida, the largest public university in the state. An alligator (Gator) named Albert is the mascot of the University of Florida. (A mascot is a symbol of qualities the school admires).


title: Gainesville, Florida

text: People think that growth of the city comes from building the university in the city. People of the city show their strong good feelings for the university by going to football games there, and by showing "Gator" symbols in businesses and homes.


title: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 movie)

text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a 1996 American-French animated musical drama movie based on Victor Hugo's novel. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 34th Disney animated movie. It follows the deformed bell-ringer attempting to gain acceptance into society.


text: The movie stars Tom Hulce, Demi Moore, Tony Jay, Kevin Kline, Paul Kandel, Jason Alexander, Charles Kimbrough, David Ogden Stiers and Mary Wickes in her final movie role. Produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance, the movie is considered to be one of Disney's darkest animated movie because its narrative explores such mature themes as infanticide, lust, damnation, genocide, and sin, despite the changes made from the original source material in order to ensure a G rating received by the MPAA. The musical score was written by Alan Menken, with songs written by Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz, who had previously collaborated on "Pocahontas".


text: The movie was released on June 21, 1996 to largely positive reviews and was a commercial success, grossing over $325 million worldwide and becoming the fifth highest-grossing release of 1996. The movie received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Menken's musical score. A darker, more Gothic stage adaptation of the movie, was rewritten and directed by James Lapine and produced by Walt Disney Theatrical in Berlin, Germany, as "Der Glöckner von Notre Dame", and ran from 1999 to 2002. A direct-to-video sequel, "The Hunchback of Notre Dame II", was released in 2002.


text: In 1482 Paris, Clopin, a Gypsy puppeteer tells a group of children the origin of the titular hunchback. Twenty years earlier, a group of gypsies are arrested by Judge Claude Frollo, the corrupt and fanatical Justice Minister, who pursues a woman and her deformed baby. After killing her near the Notre Dame Cathedral, Frollo attempts to drop the baby in the well, but the archdeacon stops him. Frollo decides to raise the child at the cathedral and atone for his sin. He names him Quasimodo.


text: Twenty years later, Quasimodo became a goodhearted but isolated young man living in the cathedral. His only friends are a trio of sentient gargoyles, Victor, Hugo and Laverne. They encourage him to attend the annual Feast of Fools. Frollo attempts to discourage him, telling him he would be shunned for his deformities. Undeterred, Quasimodo attends the festival where he is celebrated for his deformities, but is humiliated and surrounded by everyone. After freeing Quasimodo, the kind Gypsy dancer Esmeralda uses witchcraft to evade capture.


text: As Quasimodo returns to the cathedral, Esmeralda meets Phoebus, the captain of the guard, who has her confined, instead of arresting her. Esmeralda befriends Quasimodo. He helps her escape the cathedral, and she gives him a pendant with a map to the Court of Miracles, the home of the gypsies. Frollo develops lustful feelings towards Esmeralda, calling on the Virgin Mary to protect him from her spell and avoid eternal damnation. The next day, Frollo and the guards arrest one of the civilians and burn every buildings. Phoebus defies Frollo, when he attempts to burn down the house. Phoebus falls unconscious at the river Seine, but Esmeralda rescues him and they head to the cathedral for refuge. The gargoyles try to encourage Quasimodo, but he becomes heartbroken when Esmeralda has loved Phoebus. When Frollo returns to the cathedral, he bluffs to Quasimodo that he knows the location of the gypsy hideout and Frollo will attack at dawn with a thousand men. Using Esmeralda's map, Quasimodo and Phoebus travel to the Court of Miracles, where Frollo and the guards capture everyone.


text: Frollo prepares to burn Esmeralda at the stake after she rejects him, but she is saved by Quasimodo and is brought into the cathedral. Phoebus releases himself and the gypsies, and unites the citizens of Paris while opposing Frollo and the guards. Quasimodo and the gargoyles pour molten lead into the streets to prevent everyone from entering the cathedral. Frollo sneaks inside, and pursues Quasimodo and Esmeralda onto the balcony, where he reveals to Quasimodo that he killed his mother. Frollo falls to his death into the lake of molten copper, while Phoebus saves Quasimodo. Esmeralda and Phoebus receive a blessing for their relationship, and Quasimodo is accepted into Parisian society.


title: Molar

text: Molars are special teeth found in mammals, and also the most complex sort of teeth. They are used for grinding food.


title: Molar

text: Humans have 12 molars in total, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The molar which is the farthest back in each group is called a wisdom tooth. The wisdom teeth are the last teeth to appear, usually at around the age of eighteen. These final molars do not erupt in many people.


title: Molar

text: All molars and premolars have a structure for grinding food. They have elevated (~pointed) parts called cusps. These cusps are characteristics of the species in question, but in general they are found on the molars, and to a lesser extent on premolars.


title: Histone

text: Histones are proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei, which package the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. They are the chief protein components of chromatin, the active component of chromosomes.


title: Monophysitism

text: Monophysitism is an idea about the nature of Jesus Christ. It says that Christ only has one nature, namely the divine one.


title: Katherine Heigl

text: Katherine Marie Heigl (born November 24, 1978 in Washington, D.C.) is an American actress, film producer and model. Her notable movies and television programs are "", "Knocked Up", "Bride of Chucky" and "Grey's Anatomy". She began her career as a child model.


title: Histone

text: Histones act as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation. Without histones, the unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long. For example, each human cell has about 1.8 meters of DNA, but wound on the histones it has about 90 millimeters of chromatin, which, when duplicated and condensed during mitosis, result in about 120 micrometers of chromosomes.


title: Monophysitism

text: Eutychianism says that the human and divine natures of Christ were combined into one new single (mono) nature: his human nature was "dissolved like a drop of honey in the sea".


title: Histone

text: Histones act as spools around which DNA winds. This packs in the large genomes of eukaryotes to fit inside cell nuclei. The compacted molecule is 40,000 times shorter than an unpacked molecule.


title: Monophysitism

text: Apollinarism or Apollinarianism says that Christ had a human body and human "living principle" but that the Divine Logos had taken the place of the "nous", or "thinking principle" . This is analogous but not identical to what might be called a mind in the present day.


title: Histone

text: Histones undergo changes which alter their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins. Long-term changes in histone/DNA interaction cause epigenetic effects. Combinations of modifications are thought to constitute a code, the so-called "histone code". Histone modifications act in diverse biological processes such as gene regulation, DNA repair and chromosome condensation (mitosis).


title: Monophysitism

text: After Nestorianism, taught by Nestorius, Archbishop of Constantinople, was refused at the First Council of Ephesus, Eutyches, an archimandrite at Constantinople came up with new views. Monophysitism and Eutyches were also refused at the Council of Chalcedon in 451.


title: Histone

text: Histones were discovered in 1884 by Albrecht Kossel. The word "histone" dates from the late 19th century and is from the German "Histon", of uncertain origin: perhaps from Greek "histanai" or from "histos". Until the early 1990s, histones were dismissed as merely packing material for nuclear DNA. During the early 1990s, the regulatory functions of histones were discovered.


title: Monophysitism

text: Monophysitism is also rejected by the Oriental Orthodox Churches, but was widely accepted in Syria, the Levant, and Egypt. This caused many tensions in the early days of the Byzantine Empire.


title: Histone

text: Histones are found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, and in certain Archaea, namely Euryarchaea, but not in bacteria. Histone proteins are among the most highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes, which suggests they are vital to the biology of the nucleus. In contrast, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio.