title: High fidelity

text: High fidelity or hi-fi is a way of describing a very good home music system. "High fidelity" means that the sound is as close to the original as possible with no changes or added noise. People who like hi-fi are sometimes called audiophiles. Hi-fi is often now called "high-end audio".


title: High fidelity

text: In the 1930s and 1940s, vacuum tubes were used to make radios and electronic amplifiers. Radio was becoming popular, and microphones, amplifiers and loudspeakers began to be sold. Manufacturers began to compete to produce the best product. A lot of research was done at Bell Laboratories and products were made by Western Electric.


title: High fidelity

text: Then a new kind of vinyl record with less noise and better sound was invented. Manufacturers began to call their equipment and records "high fidelity" to help sell them. In the 1950s, "hi-fi" became the popular term, replacing "phonograph" and "record player". Rather than playing a record "on the phonograph," people would play it "on the hi-fi".


title: High fidelity

text: In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Westrex invented the stereo record that used two speakers. This led to more improvements in home audio. The word "stereo" replaced the word "hi-fi." Records were now played on "a stereo".


title: High fidelity

text: Some people bought individual parts (separate speakers and amplifiers), and even built their own equipment. The term "high fidelity" is still used for very good music systems.


title: Windows 3.1x

text: Windows 3.1 (codenamed Janus) is a series of 16-bit operating environments produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers. The series began with Windows 3.1, which was first sold during April 1992 as a successor to Windows 3.0. Subsequent versions were released between 1992 and 1994 until the series was superseded by Windows 95. During its lifespan, Windows 3.1 introduced several enhancements to the still MS-DOS-based platform, including improved system stability, expanded support for multimedia, TrueType fonts, and workgroup networking.


title: Frances Fisher

text: Frances Fisher (born 11 May 1952) is an England-born American actress. She played Strawberry Alice for 1992's "Unforgiven". She also played Ruth DeWitt Bukater in the 1997 movie "Titanic". Both movies won the Academy Award for "Best Pictuce". Before those, Fisher starred in the soap opera "The Edge of Night" (1976-1981).


title: Windows 3.1x

text: Windows 3.1 was originally released on April 6, 1992; official support for Windows 3.1 ended on December 31, 2001, and OEM licensing for Windows for Workgroups 3.11 on embedded systems continued to be available until November 1, 2008.


title: Windows 3.1x

text: On September 27, 1993, Microsoft released Windows NT 3.1. It was the first Windows NT version. It has better programming and more features. Windows NT is not a true update to Windows 3.1 as it does not share any kernel code with Windows 3.1. Instead it is based on the new 32-bit Windows NT kernel.


title: Recoil

text: Recoil or kick (sometimes incorrectly called kickback) is the tendency of a firearm to move backwards and at the same time the muzzle of the gun to rise when fired. This is a reaction to the explosive force of a bullet leaving the barrel of a firearm. A handgun shooter feels the recoil in the hands and arms. A rifle or shotgun shooter feels most of the recoil in his or her shoulder.


title: Recoil

text: Recoil is explained by Newton’s third law of motion. It is usually paraphrased as: "to every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction". In simpler terms, when a projectile and the hot gasses go forward, the firearm goes backwards. There are a number of factors that determine the amount of backward force.


title: Recoil

text: For example, a .22 Long Rifle (the designation of the bullet not the gun) has very little recoil. For this reason it is a caliber recommended for beginning shooters and, because the rounds are cheap, it is good practice ammunition for more experienced shooters. It is a favorite ammunition for target shooting. By comparison, the .500 S&W Magnum handgun round has very heavy recoil. Also, the recoil from the .500 magnum round is more sharply felt since the recoil speed is much greater.


title: Recoil

text: One of the first things new shooters want to know is if a gun will kick them. New shooters learn to hold the gun firmly to reduce and control recoil. If firing a handgun, use both hands. If firing a shotgun or rifle, press it firmly against the shoulder and press your cheek on the gunstock. But, instructors often tell new students that recoil is 80% mental and only 20% physical. In other words, no matter how well you hold the weapon, recoil anticipation can ruin every shot.


title: Recoil

text: Recoil anticipation, or more commonly known as "flinching", is the unintended (not intended or planned mental and physical response to firing a gun. The shooter knows the loud noise and shock of firing the weapon is coming and at the last moment flinches. This often causes an inexperienced shooter to hit low of the intended target. Another form of recoil anticipation is when new shooters unconsciously move the gun forward while pressing the trigger. This is very difficult for instructors to see until the shooter presses the trigger on an empty chamber. Only then can the instructor see the shooter moving the gun forward.


title: Recoil

text: Another problem is jerking the trigger. Instead of smoothly pulling the trigger while concentrating on the target, an inexperienced shooter often "jerks" the trigger. If shooters are consistently hitting low and to the left (right handed shooters) they are usually jerking the trigger. Shooters probably don't understand that quickly yanking the trigger back ruins the shot.


title: Recoil

text: All forms of recoil anticipation are eliminated or reduced through practice. Good instruction in safe firearms practices is also very important.


title: Middle way

text: The Middle Way or Middle Path is a teaching about a way of looking at things in Buddhism. This teaching advises a path of moderation, taking a middle way between extremes. In particular, the Buddha advises against taking a either an overly hard path or an overly easy path. He said that a person should not be either too self-indulgent or self-denying. The middle way is a different way of life.


title: Lynne Cheney

text: Lynne Ann Vincent Cheney (born August 14, 1941) was the second lady of the United States from 2001 to 2009. She is the wife of former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney. She is a novelist, conservative scholar, and former talk-show host.


title: Middle way

text: According the Third Noble Truth, the way to stop suffering is to stop wanting things. But if a person too strongly wants to stop wanting things, they are still wanting something. (to stop wanting things). The middle way helps solve this problem. Buddha came to this idea after six years of extreme self-denial in the search for how to end suffering.


title: Lynne Cheney

text: Lynne Ann Vincent was born in Casper, Wyoming. Her mother, Edna Lolita (nee Lybyer), became a deputy sheriff, and her father, Wayne Edwin Vincent, was an engineer. She is a descendant of Mormon pioneers. She has family roots in Denmark, Sweden, England, Ireland, and Wales. She was raised Presbyterian and became Methodist after she married Dick Cheney.


title: Louisa Nécib

text: Louisa Nécib (born 23 January 1987 in Marseille, France, also called Ziza) is a retired French association football player. She is of Algerian descent. Nécib played for Olympique Lyonnais for most of her career. She was often compared to the great French player, Zinedine Zidane.


title: Louisa Nécib

text: She was born in Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France on 23 January 1987 to Algerian parents. She was raised in Busserine, a quarter in the Northern part of Marseille. She loved football at a young age. Before that, she was a gymnast. After joining Olympique Lyonnais in 2007, she went to "Claude Bernard University Lyon 1", a university in Marseille. She wanted to study "Science and Technology of Sport and Physical Activity."


title: Music video game

text: A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the point of the game is usually to interact with the music. The genre has had many different types of music games, including games that use guitar controllers, drum controllers, and some that use a dance mat that the player has to dance on.


title: Underweight

text: The term underweight refers to humans that have much less weight than they should. Being underweight is bad for the overall health of the person affected. It is normal that a person's weights changes over time. Being underweight is often defined using a measure called the body mass index which calculates a score, based on height and weight. If this score is below 18.5, a person is generally said to be underweight. This is only a general indication, though as the scores must not be calculated for everyone. It does not apply to children and adolescents, for example.


title: Underweight

text: There are problems that are related to being underweight. Very often being underweight is not the first problem. Rather, it often is the effect of another condition or disease. Unexpected weight loss requires the attention of a doctor. There might be another disease. If that disease is treated, the weight problem also disappears.


title: Underweight

text: Another problem underweight people face is that the weight problem affects their health: Their immune system is weakened, and they may get sick more often. People who are underweight because they cannot get or afford the right food need special attention. Women who are underweight may not have their menstruation and face difficult pregnancies.


title: Underweight

text: Once they were being underweight, psychically, they may feel sad and worried about their health. Therefore, family and friends should support them to help them get rid of their unhappiness.


title: S. M. Krishna

text: Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna (born 1 May 1932) is an Indian politician. He was Minister of External Affairs of India from 2009 to October 2012. He was a member of the Indian Parliament in the Rajya Sabha. Krishna was the 16th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1999 to 2004 and the 19th Governor of Maharashtra from 2004 to 2008.


title: Bob Crane

text: Robert Edward "Bob" Crane (July 13, 1928 – June 29, 1978) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor. He was known for his role as Colonel Robert E. Hogan in "Hogan's Heroes".


title: Foundations of Geopolitics

text: The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia is a geopolitical book by Aleksandr Dugin. It has had a large effect with the Russian military, police and the people decide how the Russia deals with other countries. It has been used as a textbook in the Academy of the General Staff of the Russian military. The book was published in 1997. It was well liked in Russia. Because of the book powerful Russian politicians have taken an interest in Dugin. He was a Russian Eurasianist, fascist, and nationalist. Dugin has formed a close relationship with Russia's Academy of the General Staff.


title: Bob Crane

text: Crane was born on July 13, 1928 in Waterbury, Connecticut. During World War II he played in his own jazz band to raise money for war bonds. After the war he changed to classical music and played in the Connecticut Symphony Orchestra. He became a disc jockey in Connecticut, then later Los Angeles. Soon he was the premier morning drive time radio talk show host. Crane interviewed popular celebrities such as Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope and Marilyn Monroe.


title: Foundations of Geopolitics

text: Dugin has said that General Nikolai Klokotov of the Academy of the General Staff helped him write the book. Klokotov says this is not true.Colonel General Leonid Ivashov helped write the book.


title: Bob Crane

text: Crane moved to television and played "Dr. Dave Kelsey" on the Donna Reed Show. He guest starred on shows such as the Twilight Zone and the Dick Van Dyke Show. In 1965 Crane finally got his own sitcom, "Hogan's Heroes". It was an immediate success. The series ran for six years. The 180-plus episodes were syndicated and are still being shown today. Crane earned two Emmy nominations for Best Actor in a Comedy Series in 1966 and 1967. When Hogan's Heros was cancelled in 1972 Crane's career slowed down. He began acting in dinner theater productions. In 1975 he returned to television with the Bob Crane show. NBC cancelled it after 13 weeks.


title: Foundations of Geopolitics

text: Klokotov said that the book would "serve as a mighty ideological foundation for preparing a new military command". Dugin has said that the book has been used as a textbook in many Russian schools. Former speaker of the Russian State Duma, Gennadiy Seleznyov has "urged that Dugin's geopolitical doctrine be made a compulsory part of the school curriculum".


title: Bob Crane

text: As Col. Hogan, the leader of a Nazi prisoner of war camp group of Allied soldiers, Crane became one of the best-liked comedians on television. Off the set he was just as popular. But he led a double life. Crane seduced uncounted numbers of women. He videotaped the encounters, often without the woman's knowledge. Crane enjoyed watching the film later with friends. One of these was John Carpenter, a video salesman. Sometimes they even shared women.


title: Foundations of Geopolitics

text: In "Foundations of Geopolitics", Dugin says that the United States should not have any effect on Eurasia. He wants Russia to rebuild its power through annexations and alliances.


title: Bob Crane

text: On June 28, 1978 Crane was in Scottsdale, Arizona appearing in a dinner theatre play called Beginner’s Luck. He was found dead the next day in his apartment . He had been bludgeoned in the head by a camera tripod. The prime suspect, John Carpenter, was finally put on trial in September 1994. He was acquitted for lack of evidence. His murder remains unsolved.


title: Foundations of Geopolitics

text: The book says that "the battle for the world rule of Russians" has not ended. It also say that Russia is still "the staging area of a new anti-bourgeois, anti-American revolution". The Eurasian Empire will be built "on the fundamental principle of the common enemy: the rejection of Atlanticism, strategic control of the USA, and the refusal to allow liberal values to dominate us."


title: Bob Crane

text: Crane was married to Anne Terzian from 1949 until they divorced in 1970. He was married to Sigrid Valdis, his Hogan's Heroes co-star (Hilda), from 1970 until his death in 1978. Crane was buried in Chatsworth, California in Oakwood Memorial Cemetery. His widow had his remains moved to Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in 1998. In 2007 she died of lung cancer and is buried next to him.


title: Foundations of Geopolitics

text: Military operations are not a large part of his plan. The textbook says subversion, destabilization, and disinformation should be used. They should also use Russia's gas, oil and other natural resources to pressure other countries.


title: Foundations of Geopolitics

text: Historian Timothy D. Snyder wrote in "The New York Review of Books" that "Foundations of Geopolitics" is influenced by the work of Carl Schmitt. Scmitt was a supporter of a conservative international group whose work influenced the Nazis. He also said that Dugin's was important in getting people to talk about the iideas of Eurasianism and National Bolshevism.


title: Foundations of Geopolitics

text: In 2017, news.com.au said that the book "reads like a to-do list for Putin's behaviour on the world stage".


title: Rhynia

text: Rhynia is a genus of Early Devonian fossil land plants. Only one species is known, "R. gwynne-vaughanii". The fossils are the sporophyte generation of a vascular plant. "Rhynia" had anatomical features more advanced than those of the bryophytes.


title: Jasraj

text: Pandit Jasraj (28 January 1930  – 17 August 2020) was an Indian classical vocalist. His songs were related to "Mewati gharana". His musical career lasted for 75 years. He was born in present-day Fatehabad, Haryana.


title: Jasraj

text: He was also the founder of schools for Indian classical music in Atlanta, Tampa, Vancouver, Toronto, New York, New Jersey, Pittsburgh, Mumbai, and Kerala. At age 90, he was teaching some of his international students through Skype.


title: Jasraj

text: Jasraj died of cardiac arrest on 17 August 2020 while visiting family in the United States in New Jersey, aged 90.


title: Section.80

text: Section.80 is the first studio album by Kendrick Lamar. It was released on July 2011 through Top Dawg Entertainment. Its lyrics tell stories about two different women "Keisha" and "Tammy". It was supported by the promotional conscious hip hop song "HiiiPoWeR".


title: Katas Raj Temples

text: The Shri Katas Raj Temples (Punjabi, شری) (Sanskrit: कटासराज) also known as Qila Katas (). The temples' pond is said in the "Puranas" to have been created from the teardrops of Shiva, after he wandered the Earth inconsolable after the death of his wife Sati. The pond occupies an area of two kanals and 15 marlas, with a maximum depth of 20 feet. The temples were visited by India's former deputy prime minister Lal Krishna Advani in 2005. In 2006, the Pakistani government began restoration works at the temples, with further improvements announced in 2017.


title: Nari Shakti Puraskar

text: Nari Shakti Puraskar () is an award. The Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India gives it out each year. They give it to women or groups who do good work for women's empowerment. It is the highest level of award given to women in India. The President of India gives the awards on International Women's Day (March 8). There is usually an event at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in New Delhi.


title: Section.80

text: The album was a success, It caught the attention of Dr. Dre who discovered Kendrick Lamar and signed him to Aftermath Records and Interscope Records.


title: Katas Raj Temples

text: The name of the temple complex is believed to derive from the Sanskrit word "kataksha", meaning "tearful eyes." The pond was originally referred to as "Viskund", or "poison spring", but was later referred to as "Amarkund," "Chamaskund," and finally "Katakshkund," meaning "Spring of tearful eyes." The pond in Urdu and Persian is referred to as "Chashm-e-Alam", meaning "Sorrowful/Tearful Eyes." while some of his tears collected in two ponds, one of which is the pond around which the Katas Raj Temples are set, while the other is at Pushkar, near the famous Sufi pilgrimage centre of Ajmer Sharif. The sacred pond in the complex is believed by Hindus to be filled with Shiva's tears after the death of his wife Sati. The water in the pond is of high clarity.


title: Nari Shakti Puraskar

text: The awards started in 1999. During that time, a title Stree Shakti Puraskar () was used. Later, in 2015, the present title was used.


title: Section.80

text: The album Section.80 is a concept album which lyrics revolve around two different women: "Keisha" and "Tammy". Keisha is a fictional prostitute who seeks prostitution only to her demise. Tammy is women who had a boyfriend and leaves him after discovering she was unfaithful and kills him and also talks about another women going through the same thing, These two women then become lesbian and become afraid of all males. HiiiPoWeR is a protest song that was the only single realeased from Section.80, The music video was realeased with the begin showing a statment from Lamar, saying that he was ordered to write the album and claims Tupac Shakur was in his dream and gave him advise. The lyrics to the album deal with racism as well as many other topics. Lamar said in a interview that Section.80 is for people who are from the 1980s which is probably the reason why the album is called that.


title: Katas Raj Temples

text: The temples play a role in the Hindu epic poem, the "Mahābhārata", where the temples are traditionally believed to have been the site where the "Pandava" brothers spent a significant portion of their exile. It is also traditionally believed by Hindus to be the site where the brothers engaged in a riddle contest with the Yakshas, as described in the "Yaksha Prashna." Another tradition states that the Hindu deity Krishna laid the foundation of the temple, and established a hand-made "shivling" in it. The temples are considered to be the second most sacred site in the historic pre-1966 East Punjab region, after the temple at Jwalamukhi in modern Himachal Pradesh (Northern India). Therefore they can be considered as the ""National Hindu Temple of Pakistan"", a potential for all Indian Yatris or Shaivite worshipers respectively.


title: Nari Shakti Puraskar

text: There are eight categories for the award, six for institutions and two for individual women. The institution awards have cash prizes of rupees 2 lakhs INR. The individual awards have rupees 1 lakh INR.


title: Section.80

text: The album cover shows ammuntion to a rifle with the bible covered with weed and a lighter. This sparked some controversy, saying it is disrespectful to the bible. Lamar responded lightly to this and apoligized.


title: Katas Raj Temples

text: The Katas site houses the "Satgraha", a group of seven ancient temples, remains of a Buddhist stupa, five other medieval temples, havelis scattered around a pond considered holy by Hindus.


title: Katas Raj Temples

text: The temples at Katas are mostly constructed on square platforms. The elevation of the sub shrines seems to form a series of cornices with small rows of pillars, crowned by a ribbed dome. The seven temples were built in an architectural style similar to Kashmiri temples, with dentils, fluted pillars, trefoil arches, and rooflines that are pointed. The Shiva temple is also built on a square platform. Its entrance is a recessed round arch with faint cusps and a rectangular opening to the north.


title: Katas Raj Temples

text: In January 2017, Pakistan's government began installation of "shikharas" on the temples. In February 2017, 200 pilgrims from India traveled to the temple to participate in the "Katas Raj Dham" festival. In 2018, Pakistan issued visas to 139 Indian Hindu pilgrims to visit Katas Raj dham.


title: Katas Raj Temples

text: Murtis (idols) of Hindu gods were placed in the seven temples, at a cost of Rs. 51.06 million. A three-member archaeological team visited India, Sri Lanka and Nepal to collect murtis of various Hindu gods.


The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is a Major League Baseball (MLB) award given each year to one outstanding player in the American and National Leagues. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA). The winner receives the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award. The award is named in honor of the first MLB commissioner. Landis served from 1920 to 1944. MVP voting takes place before the postseason. The results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began asking three writers in each league city in 1938. They made that number two per league city in 1961.


title: Demonic possession

text: Demonic possession is a term used to describe a situation when a demon (a devil) controls a human being. In many cultures and religions people often used to believe that a devil could enter the body of a person and control them. They often thought this was happening when a person seemed to be mad, or when they had a fit, or when they fainted.


title: Converter (metallurgy)

text: Raw iron called "pig iron" which is the product of blast furnace, contains up to 4% of carbon. It is too hard and brittle for meaningful use. The carbon must first be burned off the iron to produce steel. This process is called "conversion" and the reactor a "converter".


title: Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award

text: First basemen, with 34 winners, have won the most MVPs among infielders. This is followed by second basemen (16), third basemen (15), and shortstops (15). Of the twenty-four pitchers who have won the award, fifteen are right-handed while nine are left-handed. Walter Johnson, Carl Hubbell, and Hal Newhouser are the only pitchers to win more than once. Newhouser won his in back-to-back seasons, 1944 and 1945. Stan Musial, Alex Rodriguez, and Robin Yount have won at different positions. Rodriguez is the only player to win the award with two different teams at two different positions. Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times). He has also won it the most times in a row (2001–2004). Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win more than once. Nine players have won three times and 19 have won twice.


title: Converter (metallurgy)

text: The first converter was invented by Sir Henry Bessemer in 1856. He built a pear-shaped large vessel with nozzles (tuyeres) for air in the bottom. Hot molten pig iron from blast furnace was poured in the converter, and then air was pumped in at the bottom with high pressure. The result was a loud noise and a flame of up to 20 metres off the mouth of the converter. After ten minutes all the pig iron had become steel. The Bessemer converter was the first successful reactor on converting pig iron into steel, and the era of steel began. Steel was now plentiful and cheap.


text: The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979 when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received the same amount of points. There have been 17 unanimous winners, meaning they received all the first-place votes. The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22. The St. Louis Cardinals have the second most with 17 winners. Five teams have not had a winner. The most recent winners are Mike Trout in the American League and Clayton Kershaw in the National League.


title: Converter (metallurgy)

text: However, steel becomes better if only oxygen is blown in. Air contains nitrogen, which is harmful for some steel grades. A modern converter called basic oxygen furnace uses pure oxygen instead of air. It was invented 1949 in Austria.


text: Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at the end of the season. The 1910 race for best average in the American League was between the Detroit Tigers' widely disliked Ty Cobb and Nap Lajoie of the Cleveland Indians. On the last day of the season, Lajoie overtook Cobb's batting average with seven bunt hits against the St. Louis Browns. American League President Ban Johnson said a recalculation showed that Cobb had won the race anyway. Chalmers ended up giving cars to both players.


title: Converter (metallurgy)

text: The modern basic oxygen converter is a large pumpkin-shape vessel which is made from steel and lined with refractories such as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide line so the vessel can withstand the high temperature of molten metal.


text: The following season, Chalmers created the Chalmers Award. A committee of baseball writers were to come together after the season to determine the "most important and useful player to the club and to the league". Since the award was not as useful at advertising as Chalmers had hoped, it was discontinued after 1914.


title: Converter (metallurgy)

text: Molten pig iron and scrap are loaded in the converter. The scrap usually is rusty and contains oxygen, so some of the rust reacts with the pig iron, burning the carbon away and creating heat which melts the scrap. Once all scrap has melted, a special pipe called "oxygen lance" is lowered in the pig iron, and a very fast and sharp blow of oxygen is blasted in. The oxygen burns all the carbon away and mixes the liquid steel thoroughly. Once all carbon has been burned away, some extra carbon is inserted to raise the contents to desired level. The result is liquid steel, which is then tapped away and taken to rolling mill to produce steel products.


text: In 1922 the American League created a new award to honor "the baseball player who is of the greatest all-around service to his club". Winners, voted on by a committee of eight baseball writers chaired by James Crusinberry, received a bronze medal and a cash prize. Voters were required to select one player from each team. Player-managers and prior award winners were could not win. These problems resulted in the award's being dropped after 1928. The National League award, without these restrictions, lasted from 1924 to 1929.


text: The BBWAA first awarded the modern MVP after the 1931 season, took the format the National League used to distribute its league award. One writer in each city with a team filled out a ten-place ballot. Ten points were given for the recipient of a first-place vote, nine for a second-place vote, and so on. In 1938, the BBWAA raised the amount of voters to three per city and gave 14 points for a first-place vote. The only significant change since then happened in 1961, when the number of voters was lowered to two per league city.


title: Waterloo Road (TV series)

text: Waterloo Road is a British television drama series set in a comprehensive school of the same name, broadcast on BBC One and later on BBC Three. The show is set in the Northern English town of Rochdale, Greater Manchester from series one until the end of series seven, and the Scottish town of Greenock from the beginning of series eight until the end of the show in series ten. The first episode was broadcast on BBC One on 9 March 2006 and the final episode on BBC Three on 9 March 2015. "Waterloo Road" ran for 200 episodes and exactly nine years. In September 2019, the series was made available on BBC iPlayer. In September 2021, the BBC recommissioned the show for an eleventh series, with production returning to the Greater Manchester area.


title: Waterloo Road (TV series)

text: Set in a failing comprehensive school in Rochdale, the series focuses on the life's of the teachers and pupils who are at the school.


title: Florinda Meza

text: Florinda Meza García (born 8 February 1949) is a Mexican actress, television producer, and screenwriter. She is best known as Doña Florinda in "El Chavo del Ocho", La Chimoltrufia in "Chespirito", and other various roles in "El Chapulín Colorado".


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: Jean-Yves Stephane Marcel Raimbaud (February 27, 1958 – June 28, 1998) was a French animator and screenwriter. He is known for creating the animated series,""Oggy and the Cockroaches"," which officially debuted on September 6, 1998, on France 3..Raimbaud died in June 1998.


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: Raimbaud was born on the 27th February in 1958, in Évreux, France. At the age of 14, he abandoned his studies in favor of training as a painter. He made his debut in drawing, although initially, he mainly drew billboards.


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: In 1975, he joined a small animation studio called DIC Entertainment, founded by Jean Chalopin. This was where he learned how to make cartoons. In the studio, he met the directors Bruno Bianchi ("Inspector Gadget") and Bernard Deyriès ("The Mysterious Cities of Gold").


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: In 1986, Raimbaud created his own studio, Jingle, with Christian Masson ( an advertiser and producer).


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: It was not until 1988 that Jingle itself made a series: "Manu", created by cartoonist Frank Margerin. 104 episodes were shown on La Cinq, starting in March 1990. In 1992, the bankruptcy of La Cinq caused the closure of many companies, and in 1993, Jingle became bankrupt.


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: By then, Raimbaud was well known, and Gaumont Film Company hired him to revive the films of Asterix and Lucky Luke that were last produced in the 1970s. Raimbaud was promoted to artistic director of the new studio, Gaumont Multimedia. Raimbaud began working on "" for M6. During this time, he also created the series ""The Little Witches"." The series was produced by Millésime Productions for TF1, and it was sold cheaply in Europe. Raimbaud created the series ""Home to Rent"" in the style of 1950s cartoons. The title of the series became ""Space Goofs"" during its broadcast in France in September 1997. The series became one of the most popular programs introduced. It also exported beyond France.


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: Raimbaud had been diagnosed with lung cancer in the early 1990s, and he died of it on June 28, 1998, in Paris, France.


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: "Space Goofs" was proven popular within children and adults, and had received a second season in the 2000's, a single of "Monster Men" (the theme song, by Iggy Pop), a few DVD releases, a video game adaptation co-produced by Ubi Soft Entertainment and an unfinished film adaptation, that only had one preview available online.


title: Jean-Yves Raimbaud

text: However, "Oggy and the Cockroaches" became his longest-running franchise, due to it being under Xilam's ownership – receiving 7 seasons, 2 spinoffs ("Oggy Oggy" and "Oggy and the Cockroaches Next Generation") and . The series was also notably popular in certain countries, like India. Both of these television series were officially available within their official YouTube channels.


title: Watan Hamara Azad Kashmir

text: Watan hamara Kashmir is the official state anthem of Azad Kashmir. It was written in the mid-1960s by Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri.


title: Nirodha

text: Nirodha is a Sanskrit word, which is also a concept used in Buddhism. It is one of the Four Noble Truths. It is the end of suffering and its causes. According to Thubten Chodron, Nirodha is the final disappearance of all bad experiences and their causes in such a way that they can no longer occur again.


title: Temporary

text: Temporary is a term that shows a finite period of time, with a clear beginning and an end. It is derived from the Latin "temporarius" "of seasonal character, lasting a short time," from "tempus" (gen. "temporis") "time, season." It is the opposite of "permanent". It could also mean any of the following:


title: Catherine de' Medici

text: Catherine de' Medici (Italian: "Caterina de Medici", ; French: "Catherine de Médicis", ; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589), was the wife of Henry II of France.


title: Panthoibi Khongul

text: Panthoibi Khongul ()(literally, ""in quest of Panthoibi"" or ""Panthoibi's footprint""), also spelt as Panthoipi Khongkul, is an ancient Meitei literary work (puya), narrating about the quest of goddess Panthoibi. The text highlights the love saga of Panthoibi and her ultimate lover Nongpok Ningthou, after leaving her husband's house. Many scholars believe the work to be written during the 12th century AD.


title: Mukhmohit Singh

text: Dr Mukhmohit Singh, MBBS, MD (Community Medicine) is a faculty for training students for PSM subject for various entrance exams across and outside India. To his credit, he has clinical-cum-research experience of working as Medical officer in corporate hospitals, as well as clinical research student for projects in PGIMER, Chandigarh.


title: Catherine de' Medici

text: Catherine was the daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici. She was born in Florence, Italy. She was born "Caterina Maria Romula de' Medici".


title: Mukhmohit Singh

text: His association with Smt. VidyaVati Trust, has been instrumental in providing care and innovations in health care as medical record system update, use of tele-medicine for diagnostics, mobile health units and drug dispensing systems for patient facility has been the real life practical examples for affordable and accessible health care for our country settings.


title: Mukhmohit Singh

text: He also has vast array of field and community experience while working as Epidemiologist for UT Administration, Chandigarh and further as Assistant professor (epidemiology) in the department of community medicine for teaching and training of the under-graduate MBBS students.


title: Mukhmohit Singh

text: Mukhmohit Singh has been awarded with Gold sponsorship award for work on COPD at the prestigious European respiratory society under the young research category. He has also been awarded the certificates for successful completion of Diploma course for advancements and management plans for diabetes in India, for thyroid disorders and Advance Epidemiology programs


title: Mukhmohit Singh

text: He has contributed to research in fields of pulmonary medicine, providing accessible health care, and has various papers published in national and international journals. He is also an active member of various organisations as ERS, RSSDI, IAPSM, IPHA.


title: Mukhmohit Singh

text: Dr. Mukhmohit has been involved with Medical and Nursing Graduate and post graduate education since 2011 and has taught over 10,000+ students with a very high success rate. He is also an international faculty for epidemiology and public health for teaching medical doctors in USA and Canada for Licensing Exams.


title: Russ Meyer

text: Russell Albion "Russ" Meyer (March 21, 1922 – September 18, 2004) was an American movie director, producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, editor, actor and photographer.


title: Russ Meyer

text: Meyer is known writing and directing on a series of successful low-budget sexploitation movies that featured campy humor, sly satire and large-breasted women such as in "Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!".


title: Russ Meyer

text: During his early movie career, Meyer used to work with future Pulitzer Prize-winning movie critic Roger Ebert.


title: Russ Meyer

text: Meyer was born on March 21, 1922 in San Leandro, California to a German-American family. He was raised in Oakland, California.


title: Russ Meyer

text: He was married to Betty Valdovinos from 1949 until they divorced in 1950. Then he was married to Eve Meyer from 1952 until they divorced in 1966. Then he was married to Edy Williams from 1970 until they divorced in 1973.


title: Russ Meyer

text: Meyer died on September 18, 2004 in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California from complications from pneumonia after battling Alzheimer's disease. He was 82 years old. Meyer was buried at Stockton Rural Cemetery in Stockton, California.


title: Russ Meyer

text: Fox Searchlight Pictures is currently negotiating the rights to create a biopic covering the early years of Meyer's career.


title: Evolutionary grade

text: It refers to a group of animals or plants which are very similar, but which are not a clade. They have a similar morphological or physiological complexity, and they are often adapted to the same way of life.


title: Evolutionary grade

text: The term was coined by Julian Huxley, to contrast with clade, which is a strictly phylogenetic unit. The use of 'grade' as a term in biology was strongly supported by Ernst Mayr, who also pointed out that the term had been used for some time before cladism.


title: Evolutionary grade

text: An evolutionary grade is a group of species united by similarities. These similarities led to their being given a name. But now to be a clade, the whole group from the first known member to the present day must be included.


title: Evolutionary grade

text: The most commonly cited example is that of reptiles. In the early 19th century, tetrapods were put in the four familiar classes of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In this system, reptiles are defined by traits such as laying cleidoic eggs, having skin covered in scales or scutes, and having a 'cold-blooded' metabolism.


title: Evolutionary grade

text: However, we now know that amphibia gave rise to early egg-laying amniotes. These gave rise to sauropsids (the ancestors of reptiles and birds) and synapsids (the ancestors of mammals. 'Reptile' is just a common term for those sauropsids which survived to the present day, minus the birds. As an everyday word, everyone understands it. But as a modern "scientific" term, it is no longer good, and is less used.


title: Evolutionary grade

text: Paraphyletic and polyphyletic taxa often represent evolutionary grades. In some cases paraphyletic taxa are united simply by not being part of any other groups, and give rise to so-called wastebasket taxa.


title: Rita Hayworth

text: Margarita Carmen Cansino, usually called Rita Hayworth (October 17, 1918 – May 14, 1987), was an American actress of Spanish and Irish origin. She became famous as the greatest sex symbol of the 1940s.


title: Counties of Sweden

text: The Counties of Sweden () are regional administrative level in Sweden. There are 21 counties in Sweden. The concept was created in 1634 on the initiative of Count Axel Oxenstierna. Each county has an own governor. Some people want to see the counties being replaced with regions.


title: Ben Mendelsohn

text: Paul Benjamin "Ben" Mendelsohn (born 3 April 1969) is an Australian movie, television, stage and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Andrew "Pope" Cody in "Animal Kingdom", Russell in "Killing Them Softly", John Daggett in "The Dark Knight Rises", Orson Krennic in "Rogue One", King George VI in "Darkest Hour" and as Nolan Sorrento in "Ready Player One".


title: Ben Mendelsohn

text: Mendelsohn was born on 3 April 1969 in Melbourne, Victoria. He was married to Emma Forrest since 2012.


title: Interrobang

text: An interrobang or interabang is a grammatical symbol which combines both the exclamation mark (!) and the question mark (?).


title: Interrobang

text: The basic purpose of is to put at the end an exclamatory sentence, such as one where we are in disbelief (ex. You did what‽)


title: Interrobang

text: It is a very uncommonly used symbol as most people would simply end their exclamatory questions with both of the symbols like this: !? or ?!


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The Art Institute of Chicago (AIC) is an art museum in Grant Park, Chicago. The Art Institute owns one of the world's best collections of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art. It also owns important American art, Old Masters, European and American decorative arts, Asian art and modern and contemporary art. The museum is linked with the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. James Cuno is its Director and President. Its buildings have one million square feet (92,903,040 m) of space. It is the second largest art museum in the United States. Only the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City has more space.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: In 1866, a group of 35 artists founded the Chicago Academy of Design in a studio on Dearborn Street. The group wanted to run a free school with its own art gallery. The organization was modeled after European art academies, such as the Royal Academy. People who worked there were called Academians and Associate Academians. The Academy's charter was granted in March 1867.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Classes started in 1868. Classes met every day. Students paid the school US$10 per month. The new Academy was a success. The school next built a five story stone building at 66 West Adams Street, which opened on November 22, 1870.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: When the Great Chicago Fire destroyed the building in 1871, the Academy began to owe a lot of money. The Academy tried and failed by renting facilities. By 1878, the Academy owed $10,000. Members tried to rescue the weak institution by making deals with local businesses. Some people gave up in 1879 and started a new new organization, named the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. When the Chicago Academy of Design went bankrupt the same year, the new Chicago Academy of Fine Arts bought its assets in an auction.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: In 1882, the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts changed its name to the current name, Art Institute of Chicago. The same year, it purchased a lot on the corner of Michigan Avenue and Van Buren Street for $45,000. The school rented the property's existing building, and a new building was constructed behind it to house the school's facilities.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: While Chicago planned how to host the 1892–93 World's Columbian Exposition (World's Fair), the Art Institute wanted a new building. The Art Institute proposed that the city build a permanent building on the lakefront for the fair and give the new building to the Institute afterwards. The city agreed, and the building was completed in time for the second year of the fair. Construction costs were paid by selling the Michigan/Van Buren property. On October 31, 1893, the Institute moved into the new building. This building is now called the Allerton Building. It faces Michigan Avenue on the west and the Illinois Central Railroad track on the east.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: From the 1900s to the 1960s, the school offered with the Logan Family (members of the board) the Logan Medal of the Arts. The Logan Medal became one of the most distinguished awards presented to artists in the US. In 1924, the museum building expanded to the east by bridging over the railroad tracks with a new wing on the east side of the tracks.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Between 1959 and 1970, some people did not think that photos (art and documentary photography) were serious art that should be shown in art galleries. The Institute fought to change people's minds to accept such photos. Photo curator Hugh Edwards lead this fight.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: As Director of the museum starting in the early 1980s, James N. Wood conducted a major expansion of its collection and oversaw a major renovation and expansion project for its facilities. "The New York Times" called Wood "one of the most respected museum leaders in the country". Wood created major exhibitions of works by Paul Gauguin, Claude Monet and Vincent Van Gogh that set records for attendance at the museum. He retired from the museum in 2004.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: In 2006, the Art Institute began building its new "The Modern Wing". The new wing is on the southwest corner of Columbus and Monroe. Pritzker Prize winning architect Renzo Piano designed the new wing. It opened to the public on May 16, 2009. The building makes the Art Institute the second largest art museum in the United States. The building houses the museum’s world-renowned collections of 20th- and 21st-century art, specifically modern European painting and sculpture, contemporary art, architecture and design, and photography.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The collection of the Art Institute of Chicago covers more than 5,000 years of human expression from cultures around the world. The museum owns more than 260,000 works of art. The art institute holds works of art ranging from as early as the Japanese prints to the most updated American art.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Today, the museum is most famous for its collections of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and American paintings. There are more than 30 paintings by Claude Monet in the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collection. These include six of Monet's "Haystacks" and a number of his "Water Lilies". Also in the collection are important works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir such as "Two Sisters (On the Terrace)" and Henri Matisse's "The Bathers", Paul Cézanne's "The Basket of Apples", and "Madame Cézanne in a Yellow Chair." "At the Moulin Rouge" by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is another highlight, as are Georges Seurat's "Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte" and Gustave Caillebotte's "Paris Street; Rainy Day". Non-French paintings of the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collection include Vincent Van Gogh's "Bedroom in Arles" and "Self-portrait, 1887". The museum also has American art works including Grant Wood's "American Gothic," Edward Hopper's "Nighthawks" and Mary Cassatt's "The Child's Bath." In September 2010, the Art Institute launched its first mobile application. This application is a catalogue (guide) to this Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collection.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The Art Institute also shows a number of works that are not paintings. The Thorne Miniature Rooms hold 1:12 scale interiors showcasing American, European and Asian architectural and furniture styles from the Middle Ages to the 1930s (when the rooms were constructed).


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The Touch Gallery of the museum is specially designed for people who cannot see. It has several works which museum guests are encouraged to experience though the sense of touch instead of through sight as well as specially designed description plates written in braille. The American Decorative Arts galleries contain furniture pieces designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and Charles and Ray Eames. The Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman galleries hold the mummy and mummy case of Paankhenamun, as well as several gold and silver coins.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The Terra Museum (now the Terra Foundation) was a separate Chicago art museum that closed in October 2004. Since April 2005, approximately fifty paintings from that museum have been on loan to the Department of American Art at the Art Institute of Chicago. The combined collections of the Terra and the Art Institute are located in a new suite of galleries. They provide one of the nation’s most comprehensive presentations of American art. The foundation’s collection of American works on paper are in the Department of Prints and Drawings at the Art Institute.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Art Institute of Chicago promotes the study of art made by African-Americans. Its collection provide a historical illustration of the progress made by African Americans. Works also show African Americans' continuing struggle. The collection includes items dating from the Civil War era, from the Harlem Renaissance, from the civil rights struggles following World War II and from the contemporary period.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The Art Institute owns a collection of medieval art made in Europe during the years 800-1300 AD. It features both religious works and daily life objects. It includes painting and sculpture, luxury metalwork and stained glass, textiles and manuscript illumination. The museum owns major collections of arms and armor, jewelry, ceramics, and tapestries. The museum owns items from the Renaissance era (1300-1600) in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge of Boston, Massachusetts designed the Allerton Building in the Beaux-Arts style. It was built for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition as the World's Congress Auxiliary Building with the intent that the Art Institute occupy the building after the fair closed.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Two bronze lion statues are on the sides of the Art Institute's western entrance on Michigan Avenue. Their sculptor Edward L. Kemeys gave them unofficial names: the south lion is "stands in an attitude of defiance," and the north lion is "on the prowl." When a Chicago sports team plays in the championships of their respective league (that is, the Super Bowl or Stanley Cup Finals, not the entire playoffs), the lions are frequently dressed in that team's uniform. Evergreen wreaths are placed around their necks during the Christmas season.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The east entrance of the museum is marked by the stone arch entrance that was moved from the old Chicago Stock Exchange building. Louis Sullivan designed the Exchange in 1894. The Exchange was torn down in 1972. But saved portions of the original trading room were rebuilt inside the Art Institute.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The Art Institute building is unusual because it is two sets of buildings linked by a two-story bridge over open-air railroad tracks. The construction of Millenium Park moved the Metra Electric and South Shore railroad lines underground. This made room for the new Modern Wing and exterior courtyards. Before this change, the lower level of the bridge building was formerly the windowless Gunsaulus hall, but is now home to the Alsdorf Galleries showcasing Indian, Southeast Asian and Himalayan Art. The renovation added windows facing north toward Millennium Park. Renzo Piano designed the gallery space in conjunction with his design of the Modern Wing. The gallery features the same window screening used there to protect the art from direct sunlight. The upper level of the bridge building formerly held the modern European galleries, But it was renovated in 2008. The galleries now show Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: On May 16, 2009, the Art Institute opened the Modern Wing, the largest expansion in the museum's history. The addition, designed by Renzo Piano, makes the Art Institute the second-largest museum in the US. The Modern Wing is home to the museum's collection of early 20th-century European art, including Pablo Picasso’s "The Old Guitarist", Henri Matisse’s "Bathers by a River", and René Magritte’s "Time Transfixed." The Modern wing also houses contemporary art from after 1960; new photography, video media, architecture and design galleries. Those galleries show original renderings by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Bruce Goff. The Modern wing also has temporary exhibition space; shops and classrooms; a cafe and a restaurant, "Terzo Piano", that overlooks Millennium Park from its terrace. In addition, the Nichols Bridgeway connects a sculpture garden on the roof of the Modern wing with the adjacent Millennium Park to the north and a courtyard designed by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: The Ryerson & Burnham Libraries are on the ground floor of the museum. The Libraries' collections cover all periods of art, but is most known for its large collection of 18th-20th century architecture. The Libraries serve the museum staff, college, and university students, and the general public. The Friends of the Libraries is a support group for the Libraries. It offers events and special tours for its members.


title: Art Institute of Chicago

text: Note that other notable works are in the collection but the following examples are ones in the public domain and for which pictures are available.


title: Amber Riley

text: Amber Patrice Riley (born February 15, 1986) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, and philanthropist, known for her role on the series "Glee" as Mercedes Jones. She has also appeared as the daughter of "Dirk Black" in the American Black comedy "All of Us". At the age of seventeen, Riley auditioned for "American Idol" but was turned down by the producers. Most of her cover versions have appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.


title: Amber Riley

text: Riley is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention. In the convention, Riley sang the national anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner".


title: Leigh-Allyn Baker

text: Leigh-Allyn Baker-Kauffman (born April 3, 1972 in Murray, Kentucky, USA) is an American movie, television and voice actress and comedian. Most famous for her role of Amy Blankenhooper-Duncan in Dinsye's comedy TV Series "Good Luck Charlie", where she has been playing since 2010, she also provides the voice of Abby from "Back at the Barnyard" and Gigi from "Rivit Monsters".


title: Leigh-Allyn Baker

text: Leigh-Allyn has been married to an entertainment executive Keith Kauffman (b.1974) since 2005. They have two sons together - Griffin Kauffman (b. in early of 2009) and Baker Kauffman (b.September 18, 2012).


title: Hugin and Munin

text: Hugin and Munin are two ravens, commonly associated with Odin. They bring Odin news from the world, when he sends them out. Their names translate as thought and memory, respectively.


title: SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)

text: Season 1 of the Nickelodeon TV series SpongeBob SquarePants started on May 1, 1999 and ended on March 3, 2001.


title: Roubaix

text: Roubaix is a city in the Nord department, in the Hauts-de-France region, in north France. About 94,000 live there at about 7,119 people per square kilometer. It is near the cities Lille and Tourcoing. There is a metro and tram line between Roubaix and these places. Roubaix is near the Belgian border. The city is well known for its cycling race Paris-Roubaix which is over 259.5 km and includes almost 50 km of cobblestone sections.


title: Silesian language

text: Silesian or Upper Silesian (Silesian: / ; ; , , ; ) from the West Slavic language family. Some linguists say, that it is a dialect of Polish, because of big similarities between these languages. It's mostly spoken in Poland, but also in the Czech Republic and Germany.


title: Irène Joliot-Curie

text: Irène Joliot-Curie (12 September 1897 17 March 1956) was a French scientist. She won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935 with her husband, Frédéric Joliot. Curie was the daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie.


title: Irène Joliot-Curie

text: Curie started her studies at the Faculty of Science in Paris. During World War I, she served as a radiographer. Curie became Doctor of Science in 1925. She did her thesis on the alpha rays of polonium.


title: Irène Joliot-Curie

text: During World War I (1914-1918), she helped her mother using X-ray technology in military hospitals. She helped train radiological workers. Curie then graduated from the Sorbonne in Paris. She earned a degree for work on radioactivity in polonium in 1925.


title: Irène Joliot-Curie

text: Curie did important work on radioactivity, transmutation of elements, and nuclear physics. Curie and her husband won the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their creation of new radioactive elements. This work was written about in their paper "Production artificielle d'éléments radioactifs. Preuve chimique de la transmutation des éléments" (1934).


title: Irène Joliot-Curie

text: In 1938, she researched the action of neutrons on the heavy elements. This was an important part of the discovery of the nuclear fission of uranium. Curie became Professor in the Faculty of Science in Paris in 1937. She became Director of the Radium Institute in 1946. After six years as a Commissioner for Atomic Energy, Curie took part in the construction of the first French atomic pile in 1948. Its construction was continued after her death by her husband.


title: Irène Joliot-Curie

text: Curie was born in Paris. Marie and Pierre Curie were her parents. In 1926, Curie married Frédéric Joliot-Curie, a French physical chemist. He joined Curie’s Radium Institute in 1925. In 1934, they discovered that they that could make stable elements radioactive. Curie and Joliot had a son and a daughter. Curie was also interested in social and intellectual advancement of women. In 1936, she became the Undersecretary of State for Scientific Research.


title: Bottle

text: A bottle is a container used to carry liquids. Bottles can have many different sizes. Bottles are usually made of glass or plastic. Drinks such as milk, wine, lemonade, soft drinks, and water are often put into bottles. Other liquids put into bottles include chemicals like bleach or detergent, and some kinds of medicines.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Umm Kulthum (4 May 1904 – 3 February 1975) born Fatima Ibrahim es-Sayyid el-Beltagi, , was a famous and distinguished Egyptian singer, songwriter and film actress in the Arab world of the 20th century and is seen as a national icon of Egypt. She became known as ""The Voice of Egypt"", ""Egypt's Fourth Pyramid"" and was given the honorific title ""Kawkab el-charq"" ('Star of the East'). She performed over 320 songs, including ""al-atlal"," which was ranked one of the top 100 songs of the 20th century. Her funeral was attended by four million Egyptians in the streets of Cairo.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Umm Kulthum's exact date of birth is not known, however it is estimated to be on 4 May 1904, according to birth records of the Province. She had two siblings; a sister named Sayyida, who was ten years older than her, and a brother named Khalid, who was one year older than Umm Kulthum. Umm Kulthum came from a very humble background where her mother, Fatma al-maliji, took care of the children and the house whereas her father - Al-Shaykh Ibrahim Al-Sayyid Al-Baltaji- was a local Imam in the village of . When she was five years old, her father enrolled her in a religious school - - to learn Qur'anic recitation. Umm Kalthoum's father Al-Baltaji, used to sing religious songs in weddings and ceremonies - such as the Prophet's birth and the Islamic New Year- in neighboring villages as a way of generating income. Commemorating such events by reciting the Qur'an was part and parcel of the peasant society where Umm Kulthum grew in. To listen to a good Qur'anic chanter was ""one of the few means at the "fallah's" (peasant) disposal which was not censored, punished, taxed or confiscated, unlike everything else he owned"". Al-Baltaji, first discovered Umm Kulthum's voice when she recited the songs he taught to his son Khalid. Afterwards, Umm Kulthum started tagging along her father's trips and became part of the ensemble. In the beginning, and due to the conservative society where they were living, her father dressed her up like a boy while preforming together on stage. However, her father was compelled to accept the idea of his daughter singing in front of an audience because the family needed the money. Umm Kulthum recounted: ""at first, I was like a parrot. What my father sang, I sang"" and shortly after became known as ""the little girl with the powerful voice"". The daughter of the Egyptian village ""bint il-rif"" moved with her family to Cairo in the 1920's in pursuit of a better life. With their move to Cairo, they noticed that religious songs were not cherished as before while nightclubs and cabarets were becoming more and more popular. Umm Kulthum noted: ""when I first came to Cairo, religious songs had declined in popularity. British soldiers crowded the nightclubs that grew up to accommodate them. ... Singers held a low-esteem but the most famous ones had great influence even with members of the Government"".


title: Umm Kulthum

text: When Umm Kulthum first moved to Cairo, she continued singing religious songs in concerts and celebrations but did not find much appreciation for this type of music. Afterwards, she started singing poems """ as well as """ and eventually moved to love songs and ""." Egyptian magazine noted this shift in her music; which went from praising the Prophet to praising the lover and attributed it to ""the desire to satisfy the people, to stoop all to all of their passions and whims!"". Umm Kulthum gave a concert on the first Thursday of each month among other celebrations and ceremonies. noticed her popularity rising and first approached with a job offer in 1923 and her initial recordings were written by Ahmad Sabri al-Najridi. Her records sold everywhere and with her recordings the company made large profits. In fact, many of the people who bought her recordings were her past rural audience whom she grew popular among, but also Egyptians of all walks of life waited in line to buy her recordings. Nevertheless, what facilitated her debut as a professional singer was the mentoring she received on the hands of the poet Ahmad Rami. Slowly but steadily, she became acquainted with Egypt's elites and politicians and became an esteemed guest at their residences and this increased her success, power and position in the Egyptian society. It is said that the year 1926 was the turning point which transformed Umm Kulthum from a famous singer to an illuminous star in Egypt. This pivotal moment was aided by her decision to employ a professional orchestra rather than her relative instrument players.. Her success drew more and more critics and enemies but this only heightened her popularity. The 1940's were deemed the ""golden age"" of Umm Kulthum due to having reached the height of her vocal powers and becoming a mature singer. Moreover, Umm Kulthum started experimenting with new ""qasa'id"" and populist songs. Her Thursday concerts were not only anticipated in Egypt but all throughout the Arab world, listeners would tune in on the radio and enjoy a night of enchantment ""tarab"".


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Umm Kulthum is seen as a national icon of Egypt and defined the Arabic music all over North Africa and the Middle East in the 20th century. She became known as "“The Voice of Egypt”", "“Star of the East”" and "“Egypt’s Fourth Pyramid”". Her music spans a time period of around fifty years (1924-1973), whereby mass cultural and political shifts were experienced in North Africa and the Middle East. Not alone did Umm Kulthum's music attribute to the cultural heritage of the region, her music also evolved with the changing political dynamics in Egypt. Umm Kulthum herself was thereby active in challenging the position of women in music and in the country and contributed to the forming of a national identity of the Egyptians after post-colonial rule.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Umm Kulthum challenged the position of women within Egyptian society by starting her professional singing in a time period when women performing was a taboo. During her whole career, she undermined traditional gender norms by making her own business deals and often singing to an audience mostly filled by men. Besides that, she also fulfilled the role of presidency within the Musicians Union for seven years, despite being opposed by many because of her gender. Umm Kulthum also resisted to give up her singing career for a family life and she had two unconventional marriages. Her first marriage ended within days, while her second marriage – at the age of 50 – was with a younger man with children from an ex-wife.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Umm Kulthum’s music often covered topics regarding longing, love, loss and romance. However, her songs also appointed controversial topics. With her music, she pushed for gender boundaries and dictated women’s desires, sexuality and political thought.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Umm Kulthum contributed to the shaping of a pan-Arabic identity in anti-colonial movements within North Africa and the Middle East. She became a symbol of nationalism in Egypt as a supporter of the Nasserist Revolution. The line of Umm Kulthum’s love song "“al-Atlal”": "“Give me my freedom, release my hands”" became a famous slogan against colonial rule and Israeli occupation.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Her support for Gamal Abdel Nasser was a mutually beneficial relationship. Nasser nationalised radio, music and all forms of public media and he was aware of the unifying power of Umm Kulthum's music in creating the vision of Pan-Arabism. He granted her an entire radio station and Umm Kulthum had the honor of performing before and after his public speeches.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Umm Kulthum died on 3 February 1975, at the age of 76. She experienced several health problems during most of her lifetime, for which her problems with her eyes forced her to wear sunglasses. Later, this became her signature mark as an artist. Her death led to an outburst of hysterical grief and millions of people lined the streets of Cairo for her funeral.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: Decades after her death, Umm Kulthum remained one of the best-selling singers of the Arab world. The Kawkab al-Sharq Museum in Cairo was established by the Egyptian government in 2001 to honor and celebrate her life and accomplishments.


title: Umm Kulthum

text: At the Winter in Tantora festival in Al-‘Ula in January 2019, Umm Kulthum appeared as a hologram during a live concert.


title: Hymenoptera

text: The Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of insect. It includes the wasps, bees, ants and sawflies. There are over 130,000 recognised species, with many more remaining to be described. The name is derived from the Greek words "hymen" meaning 'membrane' and "ptera" meaning 'wings. The hindwings are connected to the forewings by a series of hooks called "hamuli".


title: Hymenoptera

text: Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or otherwise inaccessible places. The ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through complete metamorphosis — that is, they have a worm-like larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they mature (See holometabolism).


title: Hymenoptera

text: These are the sawflies, the most primitive Hymenoptera. Their adults do not have a narrow 'waist' between the thorax and abdomen. The female's ovipositor is adapted to burrowing or sawing into the substrate, usually plant tissue.


title: Hymenoptera

text: These, the bees, wasps and ants, have a 'waist' between the thorax and abdomen. They are by far the most numerous Hymenoptera, and include the famous groups of colonial insects. In fact, the group with the most species is not colonial; it is the vast number of parasitoid wasps, such as the Ichneumons.


title: Hymenoptera

text: Hymenoptera originated in the Triassic: the oldest fossils belong to the Sawfly family Xyelidae. Social hymenopterans appeared during the Cretaceous.


title: Jerome

text: Jerome (; ; ; – 30 September 420), was a Christian priest, theologian and historian. He lived in the Roman Empire. He is best known for translating the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate). He is recognised as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Church of England (Anglican Communion).


title: Cosmic ray

text: The term "ray" is a historical accident, as cosmic rays were at first, and wrongly, thought to be mostly electromagnetic radiation.


title: Francis Ford Coppola

text: Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is an American director and movie producer. He directed the "Godfather" trilogy and the Vietnam War epic "Apocalypse Now". He is part of the group called the New Hollywood. This group includes Martin Scorsese, Terrence Malick, Robert Altman, Woody Allen, William Friedkin, Philip Kaufman, and George Lucas. In the 1970s they made movies in a different way.


title: Systematics

text: Systematics is the study of the diversification of life on the planet Earth, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time.


title: Cosmic ray

text: They are particles. Most are protons and alpha particles, which are the nuclei of helium atoms. Some are electrons (beta particles), gamma rays or photons and a tiny fraction are even heavier particles.


title: Francis Ford Coppola

text: Many of his relatives are famous. Actor Nicolas Cage is his nephew. Actress Talia Shire is his sister. Sofia Coppola is his daughter. Roman Coppola is his son. His first child Gian-Carlo Coppola died in 1986.


title: Systematics

text: Phylogenies have two components, "branching order" (showing group relationships) and "branch length" (showing amount of evolution). Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (anatomical or molecular characteristics), and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics is used to help us understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.


title: Cosmic ray

text: Their origin is not exactly known. There is evidence that many primary cosmic rays come from the supernovae of massive stars. However, this is not thought to be their only source. Active galactic nuclei probably also produce cosmic rays. Galactic cosmic rays are Particles trapped in the magnetic field of Earth, Particles sent flying into space during a solar flare, and High-energy protons and heavy ions that originate outside our solar system


title: Systematics

text: "Systematic biology" and "taxonomy" are terms that are often confused and used interchangeably. They were defined as follows:


title: Cosmic ray

text: Cosmic rays can have as much energy as 10 eV, far higher than the 10 to 10 eV that man-made particle accelerators can produce.


title: Systematics

text: Systematics is the field which (a) provides scientific names for organisms, (b) describes them, (c) preserves collections of them, (d) provides classifications for the organisms, keys for their identification, and data on their distributions, (e) investigates their evolutionary histories, and (f) considers their environmental adaptations. Taxonomy is that part of systematics concerned with topics (a) to (d) above.


title: Cosmic ray

text: When cosmic ray particles enter the Earth's atmosphere they hit other particles, like molecules of oxygen and nitrogen. This causes a shower of lighter particles, a so-called 'air shower'.


title: Cosmic ray

text: The number of particles made in an air shower event can reach billions. All of the particles in the shower stay within about one degree of the first particle's path. In a shower are x-rays, muons, protons, alpha particles, pions, electrons, and neutrons.


title: Cosmic ray

text: Typical particles produced in such collisions are neutrons and charged mesons such as positive or negative pions and kaons. Some of these decay into muons. These are able to reach the surface of the Earth, and even penetrate for some distance into shallow mines. The muons can be easily detected by many types of particle detectors. The observation of a secondary shower of particles in different detectors at the same time shows that all of the particles came from that event.


title: Cosmic ray

text: Cosmic rays are responsible for the continuous production of certain unstable isotopes in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon-14, by the reaction:


title: Cosmic ray

text: Cosmic rays kept the level of carbon-14 in the atmosphere roughly constant (70 tons) for at least the past 100,000 years, until the beginning of above-ground nuclear weapons testing in the early 1950s. This is an important fact used in radiocarbon dating used in archaeology.


title: Cosmic ray

text: Cosmic rays are of great practical interest, because they can damage microelectronics and life outside the protection of the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field.


title: Tswana language

text: The Tswana language (or Setswana) is a language spoken in southern Africa. About five million people speak it. It is a Bantu language. It belongs to the Niger–Congo language family within the Sotho languages. It is closely related to the Northern- and Southern Sotho languages.


title: Tswana language

text: Tswana is an official language of Botswana. Most Tswana speakers are in South Africa, where four million people speak the language.


title: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

text: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by J. K. Rowling is the second novel (published in 1998) in the Harry Potter series of books. A movie of the book was released in 2002.


title: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

text: The story begins as Harry, orphaned, spends summer with an aunt, uncle and cousin who do not love him. Harry is visited by Dobby, a house-elf, who is forced to serve the Malfoy family. Dobby warns Harry not to go back to Hogwarts, the magical school that Harry went to the year before, saying that terrible things will happen there. Harry doesn't listen to the warning, so Dobby causes a mess to make Harry's aunt and uncle angry. They lock Harry in his room for the rest of the summer. Harry is rescued by his best friend Ron Weasley in a flying car. He spends the rest of the summer at the Weasley home, called "The Burrow". The reader is introduced to the Weasley family, including Ron's sister Ginny, who is just starting at Hogwarts.


title: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

text: Mr Weasley works for the Department of Magic. He is fascinated by "Muggles" (ordinary people) and the way that they manage to live without magic. It is his job to prevent wizards from illegally enchanting Muggle objects. But he does not always do his job in the way the department would like. In fact, he drives his family to catch the school train in a magical Ford Anglia. The magical train leaves Paddington station in London from Platform 9. But because of strange happenings, Harry and Ron miss the train to school.


title: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

text: Harry and Ron go to school, very late, and in disgrace. Harry has not been back at school very long before it becomes clear that everybody inside the school is in danger. One by one students, and even the caretaker's cat, are affected by a strange and frightening spell. As everyone becomes more and more frightened, they start to be suspicious of other people.


title: Mercury (mythology)

text: Mercury (Latin: "Mercurius") is the god of trade, commerce, financial gain, messages/communication, travellers and boundaries, trickery, merchants and thieves in Ancient Roman religion and myth. Son of Jupiter and Maia, Mercury was a major god in Roman state religion, being a member of the Dii Consentes, the principal group of ancient Roman deities. The Roman counterpart to Hermes, the god is depicted as holding a caduceus in his left hand. The planet Mercury and the element are named after him.


title: Pyramid (geometry)

text: A pyramid is a three-dimensional shape. It has triangular sides that come together in a point at the top, call the "apex". A pyramid with a square base (bottom) and four sides is called a square pyramid. A pyramid with a triangular base and is called a tetrahedron.


title: Pyramid (geometry)

text: The formula for the volume of a square pyramid is formula_1. This means that one must find the volume by multiplying the base (B) by the height (h), then dividing the product by three.


title: Pyramid (geometry)

text: The base is also known as the product of the length and the width, thus this formula could alternatively be written as formula_2. Either way works, but the technical formula for the volume of a pyramid is the former, due to its use of the capital B, which is shorthand for length and width as previously mentioned.


title: Paul Kagame

text: Though a member of the Tutsi ethnic group, he tends to downplay the importance of his ethnicity. He is responsible for ending the Rwandan Genocide. However, he is often seen as a dictator, and has a bad human rights record.


title: Inuktitut

text: Inuktitut is a language of the Arctic, spoken by Inuits in Canada and in Greenland. Inuktitut is a very complex language. It is an official language in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.


title: Linear equation

text: In mathematics, a linear equation is a type of equation. A linear equation is the equation of a straight line. This type of equation is written in the form:


title: Paul Kagame

text: From 2018 to 2019, he was the Chairperson of the African Union. In 2022, he became the Commonwealth Chair-in-Office.


title: Inuktitut

text: The Inuit write Inuktitut in two ways. One way to write Inuktitut is by using the Roman alphabet. The other way to write Inuktitut is by using an abugida, which is a kind of alphabet which has letters based on syllables.


title: Linear equation

text: The slope is how fast the line moves up or down. Numbers farther from 0, or a larger absolute value will make the slope steeper.


title: Inuktitut

text: The uses a small part of the Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics, a set of letters made up for writing down many of the languages of the First Nations people in Canada.


title: Linear equation

text: If m is a negative number, then the line will appear to fall or go down the page when read from left to right.


title: Inuktitut

text: Some words in English come from Inuktitut or another Inuit language. Among them are the words anorak, igloo, and kayak.


title: Linear equation

text: This is where the function crosses the y-axis of the coordinate plane. The first equation is called slope-intercept form because, in it, the slope (m) and y-intercept (b) are easily found. The second equation is called point-slope form because, in it, a point on the graph (x1, y1) and the slope (m) are easily found.


title: Linear equation

text: You can find the slope of a graph by seeing how much the y-value increases by for every one x-value. You can find the y-intercept of a graph by looking at where the x coordinate equals 0, and see what the y-value equals.


title: Agen

text: Agen is a commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department and the capital of the "arrondissement" of Agen.


title: Agen

text: The "Agenais", the region where is the "commune", is a natural region of the old province of Aquitaine, now in Nouvelle-Aquitaine.


title: Agen

text: Agen is in the southeast of the Lot-et-Garonne department, on the right (eastern) side of the Garonne river and close to the Canal de Garonne. The city is at about from Toulouse and from Bordeaux.


title: Agen

text: Agen is surrounded by the "communes" Colayrac-Saint-Cirq, Foulayronnes, Pont-du-Casse, Bon-Encontre, Boé and Le Passage.


title: Agen

text: The climate of Agen is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.


title: Agen

text: Agen forms, together with other 15 "communes", the urban area of Agen with a population of 81,110 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Agen, formed by 64 "communes", with a population of 112,801 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .


title: Agen

text: Agen is the "prefecture" of the Lot-et-Garonne department since 1790. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Agen and the administrative centre () of 4 cantons:


title: Agen

text: Agen is the "capital of the prune", a local produce sold as a sweet (stuffed with prune purée) or as an after-dinner delight (prunes soaked in Armagnac – a type of brandy). Every September, the Prune festival organizes rock concerts, circuses and prune tasting.


title: Hand grenade

text: A hand grenade is a small explosive device that is thrown at a target. It can be used as a weapon against an enemy soldier or vehicle. The most common type of grenade is the fragmentation grenade. Fragmentation grenades send out lots of very fast, very small fragments when they explode. Hand granades are usually thrown, and explode soon after that. Some specially designed grenades are fired from rifles or specially made grenade launchers. There are grenades which contain tear gas. These are used to control riots.


title: GNOME

text: GNOME is a computer desktop environment. It was designed for Linux, but many other operating systems can use it too. GNOME aims to provide an easy way to use a computer. GNOME is a free software project. It was made because people were questioning whether KDE is free. GNOME is part of the GNU project.


title: Hand grenade

text: Hand grenades are used by the infantry. There are three main types: one which gives a big powerful blast to destroy bunkers, another which starts fires and another which contains shrapnel to hurt enemy soldiers. Most grenades are shaped like an egg, with a metal-arm on its top and a ring. When the ring is pulled out, the arm flips up and ignites a fuse. The user then has a few seconds to throw it and take cover, usually about 5 seconds. It explodes on impact and may injure or even kill people.


title: GNOME

text: The GNOME project puts heavy emphasis on simplicity, usability, and making things “just work” (see "KISS principle"). The other aims of the project are:


title: Hand grenade

text: Early grenades were iron balls, filled with gunpowder and with a long fuse that its user must light up with a match before throwing. Some were too big to throw, so soldiers rolled them. Some armies assigned special soldiers called "grenadiers" to throw or roll grenades.


title: Hand grenade

text: Grenades in the early 20th century exploded on contact. This was changed during World War I to time fuses. The German army used stick grenades (grenades with handles) during World War I and World War II. The Soviet Army used different grenades for attack and defence.


title: Tritium

text: Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen, the lightest element. Tritium has one proton and two neutrons. It heavier than ordinary hydrogen or its isotope deuterium. Hydrogen does not have any neutrons, only a proton. The chemical symbol for Tritium is H or T.


title: Tritium

text: In nature, tritium is made when cosmic rays hit nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere. Tritium has a half-life of a little more than twelve years, so there is not much in the atmosphere. People make much more tritium in nuclear reactors, so that they can make things from it.


title: Tritium

text: Tritium is important for nuclear fusion power. Tritium is added to nuclear bombs to make them more powerful when they explode.


title: Tritium

text: Tritium is often used with phosphors to make glow in the dark key-rings, and sights on rifles. Tritium makes the phosphors glow because it is radioactively unstable and gives energy to the phosphor so it can make light. Before lots of tritium could be made, people used radium to make things light up but this gave people cancer.


title: Tritium

text: Radioactive decay produces tritium. High levels of tritium were found in 2013 in the Pacific near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant two years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster.


title: Alexa

text: Alexa was an Internet service that measures how many Internet users visit a website. At Alexa.com, people entered a website address and Alexa showed them how well-visited the website is. It can also tell them how its popularity has changed over time.


title: COBOL

text: COBOL is a programming language that was developed in the year 1959. It was one of the first computer programming languages. The name COBOL stands for "COmmon Business-Oriented Language".


title: Alexa

text: Alexa provided a free API that is used by services and toolbars all around the world to easily display Alexa Rating.


title: COBOL

text: COBOL was created because people wanted a language they could use to describe the problems in a way that is independent of the hardware used. Like SQL COBOL uses a syntax that is close to that of natural languages. As an example, "ADD YEARS TO AGE" is a valid expression.


title: Alexa

text: Some virus companies mark Alexa toolbar as adware (McAfee), trackware (Symantec) and potentially unwanted Program.


title: COBOL

text: There are several different versions of COBOL. The newest is from 2002. In general, versions of the language before 1985 are not compatible with the newer versions, from 1985 and later.


title: Alexa

text: At december 2022 Amazon announced that they will turn Alexa off. Service was discountinued May 1 that year.


title: COBOL

text: In his letter to an editor in 1975 titled "How do we tell truths that might hurt?", computer scientist and Turing Award recipient Edsger Dijkstra remarked that "The use of COBOL cripples the mind; its teaching should, therefore, be regarded as a criminal offense." In this letter, Dijkstra also criticised several other languages which were used at the time.


title: COBOL

text: In recent years, COBOL has been extended to allow object-oriented programming, user-defined functions, and user-defined data types.


title: COBOL

text: The computer scientist Howard E. Tompkins disagreed, and defended structured COBOL: "COBOL programs with convoluted control flow indeed tend to 'cripple the mind'", but this was because "there are too many such business application programs written by programmers that have never had the benefit of structured COBOL taught well...".


title: Rutland

text: Rutland is the smallest county of England. It is surrounded by the counties of Leicestershire, Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire.


title: Carlos Slim

text: Carlos Slim Helú (born January 28, 1940 in Mexico City) is a Mexican businessman. He was the richest person in the world from 2010 to 2013. He owns the Mexican phone company Telmex, which provides a telephone service to most Mexicans. After graduating, Slim expanded on his father's ownings of real estate in Mexico City. By age 26, he was worth $40 million. During the 1980s and 1990s, Slim bought several companies that were bankrupt or being privatized. Slim owns about 7% of the "New York Times". He is now worth $60 billion. Slim's maternal grandparents and his father were from Lebanon. In 2017, According to Forbes Carlos Slim is the world’s fifth richest person.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: Kazimir Malevich (Kyiv, 23 February 1879 – 15 May 1935) was a Russian painter and art theoretician. He was born in Ukraine of ethnic Polish parents. who settled near Kyiv in Kyiv Governorate of the Russian Empire during the partitions of Poland. He was a pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde Suprematism movement.


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: Iron Man is an American science fiction superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man. It is the first movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). It was released in different countries on dates between April 30, 2008 and May 2, 2008. The movie follows a billionaire industrialist (Robert Downey Jr.) having a heart transplant. The movie was positively welcomed from both audience and film critics. It was the number one movie in the United States in the opening weekend.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: In March 1913 a major exhibition of Aristarkh Lentulov's paintings opened in Moscow. The effect of this exhibition was comparable with that of Paul Cézanne in Paris in 1907, as all the main Russian avant-garde artists of the time (including Malevich) immediately absorbed the cubist principles and began using them in their works.


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: Tony Stark is the CEO of Stark Industries, a company that makes weapons and bombs. He flies to Afghanistan to show off a new weapon called the "Jericho" missile to the United States Army. He and four other soldiers drive off in a Humvee, which is then attacked. One of the attack weapons was a bomb that Stark Industries had made. The soldiers are killed. Stark is badly injured by shrapnel from the bomb and is kidnapped.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: Already in the same year the Cubo-Futurist opera "Victory Over the Sun" with Malevich's stage-set became a great success. In 1914 Malevich exhibited his works in the "Salon des Independants" in Paris.


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: Stark wakes up in a cave to find a man named Ho Yinsen standing over him. Yinsen tells Stark that he took out as much shrapnel as he could. He also installed wires connected to a car battery to stop the rest of the shrapnel from reaching his heart and killing him. Raza, the leader of the terrorists, orders Stark and Yinsen to build a Jericho missile for him. Stark builds an arc reactor that produces clean power. He uses it to replace the car battery that he has been carrying around.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: In 1915, Malevich laid down the foundations of Suprematism. He published his manifesto "From Cubism to Suprematism". In 1916–1917 he took part in exhibitions of the "Jack of Diamonds" group in Moscow. Famous examples of his Suprematist works were exhibited there, including "Black Square" (1915) and "White on White" (1918).


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: Stark and Yinsen then build an armored suit for Stark to escape in. Because Raza demands that the missile be ready the next day, Stark decides they must escape soon. But his suit is not ready yet. So Yinsen picks up an assault rifle and starts shooting to give Stark more time. When the suit is ready, Stark defeats Raza and his men. Yinsen is badly injured and dies. Stark sets fire to the whole camp and lifts off using the armored suit. He crashes and the Army finds him and his friend, James Rhodes.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: After the October Revolution, Malevich became a member of the Collegium on the Arts of "Narkompros", the commission for the protection of monuments and the museums commission (all from 1918 to 1919).


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: When he arrives home, Stark announces that he is closing the weapons division of Stark Industries. He then spends his time downstairs building a new armored suit and a new arc reactor more powerful than the last one. Stark tells his secretary, Pepper Potts, to destroy the old arc reactor, but she instead puts it in a glass box. On the first test of his second armor, Stark goes up into the atmosphere and the suit freezes up. He rebuilds it to work in cold conditions and paints it red.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: He taught at the Vitebsk Practical Art School in the USSR (now part of Belarus) (1919–1922), the Leningrad Academy of Arts (1922–1927), the Kiev State Art Institute (1927–1929), and the House of the Arts in Leningrad (1930). He wrote the book "The World as Non-Objectivity" (Munich 1926; English trans. 1959) which outlines his Suprematist theories.


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: At a party, he learns that Obadiah Stane, who is second-in-command at Stark Industries, and others are secretly selling weapons to Raza and his men. He tells Potts to go into Stane's office and find the shipping records so he can fly to the places and destroy the weapons. Stane finds out that Pepper Potts has the information.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: In 1927 he traveled to Warsaw, and then to Berlin and Munich, for a retrospective exhibition. This finally brought him international recognition.


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: So Stane builds a suit based on Stark's first suit, the Mark I, which Raza found in the desert and gave to him. He names his suit the Iron Monger. But his scientists cannot make an arc reactor to power it, so he goes to Stark's house to steal his. He paralyses Stark with a small device that Stark built, and takes the arc reactor out of his chest. Without the arc reactor, Stark cannot live long. He goes back to his workshop to find the original arc reactor. He breaks the glass box and puts the old arc reactor in his chest. Then he puts on the Mark III suit to fight Stane.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: Malevich arranged to leave most of the paintings behind when he returned to the Soviet Union, because he could see what was going to happen.


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: Potts and a group of government men go to Stark Industries to arrest Stane, but they find him in the Iron Monger suit. Stark and Stane fight. Stark has Potts blow up the large arc reactor at Stark Industries to kill Stane. In a few days, the photographs of the fight appear in newspapers. The press call Stark's armor "Iron Man". A government agency, S.H.I.E.L.D, tells him that he should say that he was on a boat during the events, so his role as Iron Man in the fight is kept secret. But during a press conference, Stark says that he is Iron Man.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: Malevich thought a shift in attitude of the Soviet authorities towards the modernist art movement would take place after the death of Lenin. This proved correct. In a couple of years the Stalinist regime turned against forms of abstractism, considering them a type of 'bourgeois' art which could not express social reality. As a consequence, many of his works were confiscated and he was banned from creating and exhibiting similar art.


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: After the movie credits, a man named Nick Fury tells Stark that he is not the only superhero around and that he would like to discuss the Avengers Initiative with him.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: Critics derided Malevich for "negating everything good and pure: love of life and love of nature". Malevich responded that art can advance and develop for art's sake alone, regardless of its pleasure: art does not need us, and it never did.


title: Iron Man (movie)

text: Because this movie did so well, Marvel made a sequel. It is called "Iron Man 2" and was released in April, May and June 2010. The different release dates were for different parts of the world. Iron Man also appears in other Marvel Cinematic Universe movies, like The Avengers.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: Malevich's work only recently reappeared in art exhibitions in Russia after a long absence. Since then art followers have worked to reintroduce the artist to Russian lovers of painting. A book of his theoretical works with an anthology of reminiscences and writings has been published.


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: On 3 November 2008 a work by Malevich entitled "Suprematist Composition" from 1916 set the world record for any Russian work of art and any work sold at auction for that year. It sold at Sotheby’s in New York City for just over $60 million U.S. (far surpassing his previous record of $17 million set in 2000).


title: Kazimir Malevich

text: †† Also known as "Black Square and Red Square: Painterly Realism of a Boy with a Knapsack - Color Masses in the Fourth Dimension".


title: Margarine

text: Margarine is an artificial butter. It can be made from vegetable oil, or animal fat. It may also contain skimmed milk, salt and emulsifiers. Margarine is used in many baked products. It contains less fat than butter, so is often chosen instead of it. There are also "low fat" margarines, which contain even less fat. However, many types of margarine are made with hydrogenated oils. Products with hydrogenated oil have trans fats, which are unhealthy and can cause heart disease. Other fats, like olive oil, and butter, are a better choice for cooking.


title: Bottlenose dolphin

text: A bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin ("Tursiops truncatus") is a kind of dolphin. The name "bottlenose" comes from its snout being shaped like a bottle. It breathes through a hole on top of its head. Its brain is very large, and the dolphin is one of the most intelligent animals. Bottlenose dolphins are closely related to porpoises. They are skilled and accurate hunters which eat small fish.


title: Bottlenose dolphin

text: Bottlenose dolphins are grey, with dark grey near their "blowhole" (the small hole on the top of their head for breathing). They are light grey on their belly. This is called countershading: it makes them harder to see.


title: Bottlenose dolphin

text: When it is grown up, it is about 2 to 4 meters (6.6 to 13.1ft) and about 150 to 650 kilograms (330 1430 pounds). The males are regularly a bit bigger than the females. Dolphins that live in warm places are smaller than dolphins that live in cold places.


title: Alameda County, California

text: Alameda County is a county in the San Francisco Bay Area in state of California, USA. According to the 2000 population census, 1,443,741 people live in Alameda County. It is seventh biggest county in the state of California by population. Its county seat and largest city is Oakland.


title: Alexander Alekhine

text: Alexander Alekhine (31 October 1892 – 24 March 1946) was the fourth World Chess Champion, and the only one to die holding the title.