title: Wet chemistry

text: Before the age of theoretical and computational chemistry, it was the main form of scientific discovery in the chemical field. So, some people call wet chemistry classic chemistry or classical chemistry. Today's society and quality control requirements need a high volume of wet chemistry. So, many wet chemistry methods have been automated and computerized for faster analysis.


title: Alberta Williams King

text: Alberta Christine Williams was born on September 13, 1904 in Atlanta, Georgia. Her father was Reverend Adam Daniel Williams. He was then the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church. Jennie Celeste (Parks) Williams was her mother. She earned a teaching certificate at the Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute in 1924. Later the college name became just Hampton University.


title: Wet chemistry

text: Wet chemistry techniques can be used for qualitative chemical measurements, such as changes in color (colorimetry), but often involves more quantitative chemical measurements, using methods such as gravimetry and titrimetry. Some uses for wet chemistry include tests for:


title: Alberta Williams King

text: Williams met Martin Luther King, Sr. right before she left for school at Hampton. After graduating, she and King got formally engaged at the Ebenezer Baptist Church. She taught for a short time before their Thanksgiving Day wedding in 1926. She then had to quit because married female teachers were not allowed at that time. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929. He was one of their three children.


title: Alberta Williams King

text: Alberta King's mother died on May 18, 1941 of a heart attack. The King family later moved to a large yellow brick house three blocks away. Alberta was president of the Ebenezer Women's Committee from 1950 to 1962. She was also a talented musician who became the choir organist and director at Ebenezer. This may have been the reason her son was interested in Black music and art. By the end of this time, Martin Luther King Sr. and Jr. were sharing the role of pastors of the church.


title: Alberta Williams King

text: On June 30, 1974, King was shot dead in a church by a 23-year-old man while she was playing the organ in Atlanta, Georgia. She died six years after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., aged 69.


title: Adverse possession

text: Adverse possession is a rule in property law. This rule says that if property is not being used by its owner while another person is using the property, this other person (called an "adverse possessor") becomes the new owner of the property. To get these rights, the adverse possessor usually must use the property in the way a normal owner would do for a period of time, typically 20 years. In some jurisdictions, a form of adverse possession exists in which the adverse possessor ends up with sharing some rights to property with the owner, such as a right-of-way, instead of getting all the rights.


Article Four of the United States Constitution outlines the relationship between the various states, as well as the connection between the states and the federal government.


title: Mercedes-Benz TN

text: The Mercedes-Benz TN (Transporter Ne, Internally called T1) were vans and minibuses built by Mercedes-Benz from 1977 to 1995. it was available as a box van, a flat bed light truck or a minibus.


title: Wind phone

text: The wind phone () is a telephone booth in the town of Ōtsuchi in Japan. People go to the wind phone to say things to their family members or friends who have died. It was built by Itaru Sasaki, a garden designer, in 2010, after his cousin died. In 2011, after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami killed over 15,000 people in the area, he opened the wind phone so everyone could use it. Over 30,000 people have gone there since then. People have built copies in different countries, and there are books and movies about it.


title: Article Four of the United States Constitution

text: The first section requires states to recognize the "full faith and credit" of the public acts, records and court proceedings of other states.


title: Mercedes-Benz TN

text: In 1986 Bajaj Tempo, (now Force Motors) and Mercedes Benz (Daimler Benz) built the Force Motors Traveller and Tempo Traveller for Indian countries.


title: Wind phone

text: In 2010, Itaru Sasaki, a garden designer from Ōtsuchi, learned that his cousin had cancer and had three months to live. After his cousin died, Sasaki built an old telephone booth in his garden in December 2010, so that he could feel a connection to his cousin by "talking" to him on the phone. He said that the wind phone was not related to religion, but helped him deal with the loss. He also said that he wanted his thoughs to be "carried on the wind".


text: This clause makes certain that any judicial decisions made in courts of one state are recognized and honored in all other states. This eliminates the practice of "forum shopping", the practice of having a legal case heard in the court thought most likely to provide a favorable judgment. It also prevents someone moving from one state to another to escape a judgment.


title: Wind phone

text: The wind phone is a white telephone booth with glass windows. Inside, there is a black telephone on a metal shelf. The telephone is not connected to anything. Next to the telephone, there is a book so visitors can write notes about the people that they miss.


text: In "Mills v. Duryee" (1813), the United States Supreme Court ruled that the merits of a case, as settled by courts of one state, must be recognized by the courts of other states. state courts may not reopen cases which have been conclusively decided by the courts of another state. Later, Chief Justice John Marshall suggested that the judgment of one state court must be recognized by other states' courts as final. However, in "McElmoyle v. Cohen" (1839), the court heard a case where one party obtained a judgment in South Carolina and sought to enforce it in Georgia, which had a statute of limitations that barred actions on judgments after a certain amount of time had passed. The court upheld Georgia's refusal to enforce the South Carolina judgment. The court found that out-of-state judgments are subject to the procedural law of the states where they are enforced, notwithstanding any priority it may be given in the state in which they it was issued.


title: Wind phone

text: In 2010, a tsunami killed over 15,000 people in the area, including over 1,200 people in the town where Sasaki lived. After the tsunami, he opened the wind phone so that everyone could call their friends and family who had died. Now, it has been visited by over 30,000 people.


text: Clause One of Section 2 requires interstate protection of "privileges and immunities". The apparent ambiguity of the clause has given rise to a number of different interpretations. Some contend that the clause requires Congress to treat all citizens equally. Others suggest that citizens of states carry the rights accorded by their home states while traveling in other states.


title: Wind phone

text: On January 7, 2017, strong winds ripped off the roof of the wind phone and broke the glass doors. People in the area quickly helped to fix it on January 10, and the wind phone was fixed by the next day. In April 2018, Sasaki said that the wood and metal parts of the booth were damaged, and that he wanted to build a new booth that would not be damaged as fast. People gave money to buy a new booth, and Sasaki built the new, stronger booth in August 2018.


text: Neither of these theories has been endorsed by the Supreme Court. A state may not discriminate against citizens of other states in favor of its own citizens. But certain exceptions are allowed. For example a state may give their own citizens the right to buy a hunting or fishing license at a lower cost than to nonresidents.


title: Wind phone

text: Many copies of the wind phone have been built around the world. In Oakland, California, artist Jordan Stern built a wind telephone in February 2017, to remember the 36 people who died in the 2016 Oakland warehouse fire, including his friend.


text: Clause Two requires that fugitives from justice may be extradited on the demand of executive authority of the state from which they flee. The Supreme Court has held that it is not compulsory for the fugitive to have fled after an indictment was issued, but only that the fugitive fled after having committed the crime. The Constitution provides for the extradition of fugitives who have committed treason, felony or other crime. That phrase incorporates all acts prohibited by the laws of a state, including misdemeanors and small, or petty, offenses.


title: Wind phone

text: Altrúchas, an art group in Dublin, Ireland, built a wind phone ("fón gaoithe") on a mountain named Two Rock in August 2017. The wind phone was built from old supplies, and they were not actually allowed to build it. It was destroyed for unknown reasons less than two weeks after it was set up. Altrúchas later said that the destruction was "a strong statement from people that didn't like the project", but that they would not let it "take away from the positivity of the project".


text: In "Kentucky v. Dennison" (1860), the Supreme Court held that the federal courts may not compel state governors to surrender fugitives through the issue of writs of mandamus. The "Dennison" decision was overruled by "Puerto Rico v. Branstad" (1987). Now, the federal courts may require the extradition of fugitives. Alleged fugitives generally may not challenge extradition proceedings.


title: Wind phone

text: Tomohiko and Kazuko Kutsuna, a married couple in Aichi Prefecture in Japan, built a red copy of the wind phone in 2018. It was called the "phone of the sea breeze" ("shiokaze no denwa"), and it was built to remember of one of Kazuko's students, an 18-year-old woman who died by suicide in 2009.


text: Pierce Butler and Charles Pinckney, both from South Carolina, submitted this clause to the Constitutional Convention. James Wilson and Roger Sherman both objected and Butler withdrew the clause. However, on the next day the clause was reinstated and adopted by the Convention without objection. At the last moment the language was changed from "Person legally held to Service or Labour in one state" to read "Person held to Service or Labour in one state, under the Laws thereof".


title: Wind phone

text: Ten local artists helped to build a temporary wind phone in January 2020 in Provincetown, Massachusetts. In October 2020, Susan Vetrone and Steve Reed built a wind phone in North Carolina. Vetrone started the project when her mother died and she learned about the Ōtsuchi wind phone, saying: "I wanted it to mirror – almost exactly if it could – the Japanese phone booth that brought so many people comfort."


text: In 1865, the Fugitive Slave Clause was repealed by the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery.


title: Wind phone

text: In March 2021, a wind phone was built on Aspen Mountain in Colorado. According to the artist, who did not give their name because they were not allowed to build it in a United States national forest, the wind phone was built to help people deal with deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic.


text: The First Clause of Section Three grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. It also forbids the creation of new states from parts of existing states without the consent of both the affected states and Congress. This latter provision was designed to gave Eastern states that still had claims to Western lands (e.g., Virginia and North Carolina) to have a veto over whether their western counties (which eventually became Kentucky and Tennessee) could become states. It would later be applied with regard to the formation of Maine (from Massachusetts) and West Virginia (from Virginia).


title: Wind phone

text: In September 2022, "Le fil du vent Chelsea wind phone" was opened to the public, in Chelsea, Quebec. This unique resource was inspired by the Japanese example and offers a private refuge for the longings of grief to be heard, honoured and carried away on the wind.


text: This clause, commonly known as the "Property" or "Territorial" Clause, grants Congress the constitutional authority for the management and control of all territories or other property owned by United States. Additionally, the clause also proclaims that nothing contained within the Constitution may be interpreted to harm (prejudice) any claim of the United States, or of any particular State. The exact scope of this clause has long been a matter of debate.


title: Wind phone

text: Sasaki, who built the Ōtsuchi wind phone, wrote a book titled "Kaze no Denwa – Daishinsai Kara Rokunen, Kaze no Denwa o Tooshite Mieru Koto" ("The Phone of the Wind: What I Have Seen via the Phone in the Six Years Since the Earthquake") in 2017. The book was published by Kazama Shobo.


text: The federal government owns or controls about thirty percent of the land in the United States. These holdings include national parks, national forests, recreation areas, wildlife refuges, vast tracts of range and public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management, reservations held in trust for Native American tribes, military bases, and ordinary federal buildings and installations. Although federal property can be found in every state, the largest concentrations are in the west, where, for example, the federal government owns over eighty percent of the land within Nevada.


title: Wind phone

text: The 2020 book "The Phone Box at the Edge of the World" by Italian writer Laura Imai Messina tells the story of a woman who loses her family in the Tōhoku tsunami and goes to the wind phone, where she meets a man and his daughter who have also lost a family member in the tsunami. The book was based by Messina's visit to the Ōtsuchi wind phone in 2011.


text: This clause, sometimes referred to as the Guarantee Clause, has long been at the fore-front of the debate about the rights of citizens compared to those of the government. The Guarantee Clause mandates that all U.S. states must be grounded in republican principles, such as the consent of the governed. By ensuring that all states must have the same type of government (a republic), the Guarantee Clause is one of several portions of the Constitution which mandates symmetric federalism between the states.


title: Wind phone

text: "The Phone Booth in Mr. Hirota's Garden", a 2020 book by Canadian writer Heather Smith, is a fiction version of the wind phone's story. Smith said that she wanted to write the book after she heard a National Public Radio podcast about the wind phone. She emailed Sasaki while she wrote the book, and said that it "was a thrill to receive his blessing."


text: Section Four requires the United States to protect each state from invasion, and, upon the application of the state legislature (or executive, if the legislature cannot be convened), from domestic violence. This provision was discussed during the 1967 Detroit riot, but was not invoked.


title: Wind phone

text: The 2019 Austrian short movie "The Wind Phone", written and directed by Kristin Gerweck, is about seven fictional strangers who visit the Japanese wind phone. Gerweck wrote the movie when she learned about the wind phone after her grandmother's death, saying that it was a "beautiful story".


title: Wind phone

text: "Voices in the Wind" () is a 2020 Japanese drama movie about a fictional high school student whose family died in the Tōhoku tsunami and who goes back to her town to visit the wind phone years later. The movie director Nobuhiro Suwa, who went back to Japan to make the movie, stated: "Going there eight years later, you can't see much of the damage, it has been rebuilt. But people's feelings have not been fixed."


title: Kirby: Nightmare in Dream Land

text: Kirby: Nightmare in Dream Land, called in Japan, is a Game Boy Advance platform video game and the remake of "Kirby's Adventure".


title: Survivor: Marquesas

text: Survivor: Marquesas was the fourth season of the United States reality show "Survivor". Hosted by Jeff Probst, it was shown on TV from February 28 - May 19, 2002 on CBS. There were thirteen episodes, plus a mid-season recap and live interview with Rosie O'Donnell after the finale (last episode). The winner, Vecepia Towery, was revealed on May 19, 2002, where she won against Neleh Dennis by a vote of 4-3.


title: Survivor: Marquesas

text: In the beginning, the players were divided into two tribes: Maraamu and Rotu (Marquesan for 'Southern Wind' and 'Rain'). They later merged (combined) into one tribe. Kathy Vavrick-O'Brien and Rob "Boston Rob" Mariano named the new tribe "Soliantu", a name they made up that means "Sacred Allegiance to the Sun".


title: Survivor: Marquesas

text: The Marquesas Islands were actually chosen as a backup location for "Survivor". This season was going to take place in Jordan, but they switched location due to the September 11, 2001 attacks and the political situation in the Middle East.


title: Survivor: Marquesas

text: This was the first season where the players were not given any supplies at the beginning, such as food, water, or matches. Also, the rules of the Individual Immunity Idol were changed so that a player who won the idol in a challenge was able to give it to another player. Finally, earlier votes against a player were not counted in future Tribal Councils. As this used to be the way of deciding if a contestant was eliminated in case of a tie, a new tiebreaker was made. The controversial Purple Rock tiebreaker was used in this season alone, and resulted in the elimination of Paschal English, then with no votes against him. A small rise in the average number of viewers was seen for the season compared to the last season, "".


title: Survivor: Marquesas

text: Vavrick-O'Brien and Mariano were chosen from this season to return in "," where they placed 8th and 2nd. Mariano returned once again in "," placing 13th.


title: Survivor: Marquesas

text: Paschal's elimination marked a big controversy in the game of Survivor. In the Episode Thirteen Tribal Council, Neleh and Kathy each got two votes while Vecepia had immunity. In earlier tie situations, where a re-vote did not decide who would be voted off, votes from past tribal councils were used, and the player with the most earlier votes was eliminated. In "Marquesas", the earlier votes rule was no longer used; instead players who did not have immunity would pull rocks colored yellow and purple from a bag. The player with the purple rock would be eliminated. In this situation, Kathy and Neleh drew yellow rocks, and Paschal pulled the purple rock. Although he never got any votes in the entire game, he was eliminated due to chance. Probst later said that using the purple rock tie-breaker was a mistake at this point in the game, because the formula behind it was impossible to apply fairly with only four survivors left.


title: Survivor: Marquesas

text: No tie happened on the show until six seasons later on "". It was during that season that the tie-breaker was revealed to be a fire-making challenge. However, Survivors who took part in the show between the "Marquesas" and "" seasons thought that the Purple Rock challenge would still be used. As a result, many players would change alliances so they're wouldn't be another tie and another chance of drawing the Purple Rock.


title: Survivor: Marquesas

text: Since Palau, there have been four tie situations that were solved with fire-making challenges, all of which were at the Final Four stage of the game. In "", it was suggested by Cirie Fields that the purple rock tiebreaker is the tiebreaker for all ties except in the Final Four, when a challenge is used instead.


title: Parasakthi (movie)

text: Parasakthi is an 1952 Indian film in the language of Tamil directed by R. Krishnan - S. Panju. This film is the debut for the famous actor of Tamil cinema known for his excellent acting, Sivaji Ganesan. This film was jointly produced by National Pictures and AVM Productions. This film is based on the stage play written by Pavalar Balasundaram in the same title.


title: Parasakthi (movie)

text: The film narrates the misfortunes of a Tamil family during the World War II and how the individuals of the family face their fate and how they reunite at the climax of the film.


title: Parasakthi (movie)

text: The screenplay and dialogues for Parasakthi were written by M. Karunanidhi, who would later become the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The music of Parasakthi was composed by R. Sudarsanam. The lyrics were written by Bharathidasan, Subramania Bharati, M. Karunanidhi, Annal Thango, Udumalai Narayana Kavi and K. P. Kamatchisundaram. Parasakthi was released on 17 October 1952, during the festive occasion of Diwali, and faced controversies because of its portrayal of Brahmins and Hindu customs and practices in poor light.The society with powerful peoples (elites) including the then ruling State government even demanded the film to be banned.


title: Parasakthi (movie)

text: Despite these protests, the film was critically celebrated, with praise directed towards its dialogues and the actors performances in particular. The film also become a commercial success, and had a theatrical run of over 175 days. Parasakthi in Tamil cinema became a trendsetter for dialogues and acting for later Tamil films.


title: Massacres of Erzurum

text: The Massacres of Erzerum. Turkish soldiers took an active part in the massacres in Erzeroum. The soldiers began a massacre of the Armenians and the Turkish populace joined in the attack. The shops and houses of the Armenians were pillaged.


title: Bagale Thapa

text: Bagale Thapa or Bagalya Thapa () is a prominent Kshatriya clan within Khas Thapa. Bagale Thapa belong to Atreya Gotra and Suryavansha (solar) dynasty in Hinduism. They trace their ancestry to legendary Khas King Kalu Thapa since Saka Era 1111 or Vikram Samvat 1246. Bagale Thapa were powerful family while living at Jumla as per Gorkha Rajbanshawali, the Royal Genealogy of Gorkha Kingdom.


title: Femi Gbajabiamila

text: Olufemi Hakeem Gbajabiamila (born 25 June 1962), is a Nigerian lawyer and current Speaker of Nigeria's 9th House of Representatives.


title: Massacres of Erzurum

text: Following the massacres of Erzeroum of October 30, 1895, a British consul put the hand on two letters sent to his brother and to his parents by a Turkish soldier:


title: Bagale Thapa

text: Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa belonged to this clan. Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa, the grandson of Kaji Birbhadra Thapa, also belonged to this clan. His niece Lalit Tripura Sundari and nephew Mathabarsingh Thapa went on to become Queen and Prime Minister of Nepal respectively. War commander Ujir Singh Thapa, General Ranabir Singh Thapa and Colonel Bakhtawar Singh Thapa also belonged to this clan being family members of PM Bhimsen Thapa.


title: Femi Gbajabiamila

text: Gbajabiamila holds Bachelor of Law (LL.B.) with honors in 1983 and was called to the Nigerian bar in 1984.


title: Massacres of Erzurum

text: "My brother, if you want news from here, we killed 1 200 Armenians, all tiny rooms in pâtée for dog [... ] Mother, I am healthy and except. Father, twenty days ago, we carried out the war against the Armenian incrédules. By the grace of God, no misfortune arrived to us. The rumour says that our battalion will be dispatched in your part of the world - if it is the case, we will kill all the Armenians there. Other share, 511 Armenians were wounded, and it perishes about it one or two each day. If you want news of the soldiers and bachi bouzouks, not only one did not bleed of the nose [... ] That God blesses you."


title: Femi Gbajabiamila

text: Gbajabiamila began his career at law firm, Bentley Edu & Co., in Lagos, and then established his own law firm, Femi Gbaja & Co. He then earned his Juris Doctor from Atlanta's John Marshall Law School in Georgia, USA, passed the Georgian bar exam in 2001, and set up a law firm in Atlanta. While in the US, he actively participated in the election of Bill Campbell who later went on to become Mayor of Atlanta.


title: Measure word

text: A measure word is a word or morpheme (the smallest meaningful unit in a language) that shows how much of something there is.


title: Firhad Hakim

text: Firhad Hakim (Bengali: ফিরহাদ হাকিম) (born 1 January 1959) is an Indian politician. He is serving as Cabinet Minister of Urban Development and Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal. He is also the Mayor of Kolkata.


title: Mani Heidari

text: Mani Heidari (, original name Mohammad Ebnali Heidari; July 11, 1989) is an Iranian Actor and Producer.


title: Aziz Ahmed (general)

text: Aziz Ahmed (, born 1 January 1961) is a Bangladeshi four Star General. He was also the 16th Chief of Army Staff (CAS) of the Bangladesh Army.


title: Measure word

text: In English, measure words are used to show amounts of something that cannot be easily counted, also called uncountable nouns or mass nouns. For example, a person cannot usually say, "I have three gasolines", since gasoline is not easy to count. However, a person can measure how much gasoline there is or count how many containers are used to hold gasoline. In other words, people can say, "I have three gallons of gasoline", "I have three liters of gasoline", or "I have three tanks of gasoline."


title: Firhad Hakim

text: He is a member of the All India Trinamool Congress party. Hakim was elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly in 2009. Two years later, he became a cabinet minister in the Mamata Banerjee ministry. In December 2018, he was elected mayor following the resignation of the incumbent Sovan Chatterjee. He is the first Muslim since the independence of India to become the mayor of that city. They live in Chetla, a neighborhood of South Kolkata.


title: Mani Heidari

text: Mani Heidari started his career in 2008 with the movie Face to Face,and then he continued his work in the movie Ekbatan.


title: Aziz Ahmed (general)

text: Ahmed was promoted to the General rank and was appointed as Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army on 25 June, 2018.


title: Measure word

text: In English, count nouns are their own measure words. A person can say "I have three cars" or "cars have four wheels". The nouns do not need any extra words because the nouns themselves are easy to count. Measure words can also be used to describe groups of countable nouns. For example, a group of cattle is called "a herd of cattle" and a group of fish is called "a school of fish."


title: Mani Heidari

text: His heyday began with his entry into television in 2012,After entering television, he had a very good collaboration with artists such as Mehdi Hashemi , Pejman Bazeghi, Afshin Sangchap and Danial Hajibarat.


title: Measure word

text: In many East Asian languages, like Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, measure words must be used to count both mass nouns and count nouns. Unlike in English, a person cannot simply say "three cars" or "four wheels" in Chinese. The nouns in both phrases need a measure word. In Chinese a person must say "three (vehicle) car" (三辆车) and "four (thing) wheel" (四个轮).


title: Fecund universes

text: Fecund universes is a multiverse theory of Lee Smolin. It relies on models of our universe and statistics from astrophysics but is more correctly a theory of cosmology.


title: Plate boundary

text: Plate boundaries refers particularly to places where continental plates touch or have touched in the past.


title: Ayiroor

text: Ayiroor (Ayroor) is a village in the Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. The Pamba River flows on the southern side of the village, making the soil around the village very fertile.


title: Mitläufer

text: Mitläufer is a German term (plural: "Mitläufer") used in the denazification proceedings in West Germany after World War II to describe people who supported Nazism without directly participating in Nazi atrocities such as genocide. "Mitläufer" is usually translated in English as either "fellow-traveler" or "hanger-on".


title: Black Sherif

text: Mohammed Ismail Sherif Kwaku Frimpong (born 9 January 2002), also known as Black Sherif, is a Ghanaian musician and performer from Konongo, Ghana.


title: 2021 Eastern Australian floods

text: Extreme rainfall on the east coast of Australia beginning on 18 March 2021 led to massive flooding in New South Wales, affecting regions from the North Coast to the Sydney metropolitan area in the south. Suburbs of Sydney experienced the worst flooding in 60 years.


title: Fecund universes

text: In this theory, collapsing stars, or black holes, are always creating new universes with slightly different laws of physics. Because these laws are only slightly different, each is assumed to be like a mutation of the original universe, as if each universe was a kind of single-celled organism. It would reproduce by "splitting" in some sense.


title: Ayiroor

text: People of Ayiroor cultivate coconut, rubber, cocoa, tapioca, plantains, cinnamon, pepper, nutmeg, vanilla, rambutan,etc


title: 2021 Eastern Australian floods

text: The Australian government declared many parts of the east coast a natural disaster zone after the flooding rains forced 18,000 people to evacuate, in addition to over 1,000 flood rescues.


title: Fecund universes

text: This theory relies on many models of our universe to model these "mutated" alternative universes, the ones that Smolin supposes are generated or "spun off" by black holes.


title: Ayiroor

text: One of the highlights of Ayiroor is the "Cherukolpuzha Hindu Parishad", a religious festival that is held for a week in February. Snake boat races also attract people to the village.


title: Fecund universes

text: No human can ever be part of any of these "other" universes. Observations from astrophysics can only say if the black holes exist or are common, and give some idea of how much the laws of physics can vary and still let the new universes produce new black holes.


title: Fecund universes

text: Smolin predicts that there would be many black holes in the universe humans can see, since they are likely in a very late born universe, by simple probability. If there are many black holes, that is evidence for his theory,


title: Fecund universes

text: As this shows, cosmology has a very different standard of evidence and burden of proof than is required for models of our universe only, which humans (using mathematics) can observe and exchange knowledge on.


title: Fecund universes

text: It is hard to separate science from religion on such questions. It may be a simple matter of preference whether one wants to see one's universe as part of a system like biology or like mechanics - clockwork. Smolin's theory is important mostly because it challenges the mechanistic paradigm.


title: Fecund universes

text: Even if it is wrong, it raises the idea that living beings might have to see their universe as also living to be able to understand or care about it at all. Some compare Smolin's theory to Gaia philosophy which combines biology, geology and ecology to explain the Earth, our planet, as a living thing. If both are right, humans are on a living planet in a living universe. This idea is very appealing - which does not mean it is really "right".


title: Anthiyur taluk

text: Anthiyur taluk (Tamil: அந்தியூர் வட்டம்) is a taluk of Erode district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is made up of four blocks – Anthiyur, Athani, Burgur and Ammapet.


title: Jean-François Ott

text: Jean-François Ott (born 1965) is a respected businessman. Founder of ORCO, the Luxembourg real estate investment company. Jean-François Ott is the founder and was the CEO of Orco Property Group S.A. (ORCO Group, ORCO) which today has 6 billion market cap and MaMaison Hotels chain. Jean-François led over EUR 3 billion investments in more than 200 real estate projects.


title: National Rifle Association

text: A National Rifle Association (NRA) is a governing body for shooting sports in a country. The most famous NRA is the National Rifle Association of America.


title: Jean-François Ott

text: He is now chairman of Ott Properties, Group Ott and MyHotelMatch (ex SPAC/FPN) a platform of smart travel based on the principle of online dating that will revolutionize our way of traveling.


title: National Rifle Association

text: In some countries, the Association is more interested in political subjects and gun rights. In other countries they are more interested with target sports and competitions. The oldest National Rifle Association is the British National Rifle Association which was founded in 1859.


title: Jean-François Ott

text: Jean-François OTT is an epicurean he loves good food and wine, he adores sharing time with his friends and family. He cares of environment issues and is involved to reduce climate changes. He owns a wonderful vineyard located in La Tour d’Aigues (Luberon), 30 minutes away from Aix-en-Provence where he likes to escape, produce wines & olive oil.


title: Jean-François Ott

text: Jean-François Ott completed his graduation in Finance and Economics at the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies in 1985, he completed his studied at the INSEAD Owners Directors Program.


title: Jean-François Ott

text: In 1987, Before starting a career as a derivatives trader in Paris, he worked for the French group Framatome in South Korea, then in 1991, he founded ORCO a real estate development company based in Luxembourg. In 2000 Orco then was listed in Paris, with a portfolio of more than 200 assets in residential, commercial and hotels which reached 1 200 000 m2 spanning over 9 countries. In addition to Prague, Paris and Luxembourg, he led the launch of new OPG branches and acquisitions in Buda-Pest, Warsaw, Berlin, Bratislava, Split, Zagreb, Moscow, Belgrade, etc. The portfolio was effectively built through developments and acquisitions of properties that required active asset management.


title: Jean-François Ott

text: Among the key milestones in OPG's growth was the launch of the first extended stay hotel in 1999, the listing in Paris in 2000 followed by the acquisition of IPB Real in Czech Republic in 2001. In 2005 the acquisition and redevelopment of the Suncani Hvar hotels in Croatia, the privatization and repositioning of 850 000 m² of GSG commercial real estate in Berlin in 2006 and the acquisition of Molcom, one of the largest logistics parks in Moscow in 2007.


title: Jean-François Ott

text: Jean-Francois piloted the restructuring of Orco Property Group in 2009-14, particularly the equitization and restructuring of the €600 million OPG and OG bonds finalized in 2012 and 2013. He sold most of his stake in OPG in 2014, following a change in shareholders and devote itself to the management of his family office OTT Héritage, which has more than 40 holdings invested since 2000s.


title: Jean-François Ott

text: In 2020, Jean François decided to return to France. At that time, he met several very interesting professionals who made him wants to help start-ups and invests in digital innovations. He therefore chose to set up his headquarters in Sophia Antipolis and work with the research and development of artificial intelligence at INRIA to develop MyHotelMatch.com, a project dedicated to hoteliers/travelers that he believes will revolutionize tourism. With his expertise in various fields (construction, renovation of historical buildings, residential, hotel and logistics) he is also keen to participate in the influence of his country, create jobs or respond to issues that affect him such as education, medical or environment.


title: Mr. Ratburn and the Special Someone

text: "Mr. Ratburn and the Special Someone" is the 1st episode of season 22 in Arthur. In this episode, Arthur and his friends try to find out who their teacher, Mr. Ratburn is marrying. The main characters in this episode are Arthur, Francine, Muffy, Buster, and Mr. Ratburn.


title: Matea Bolívar

text: Matea Bolívar (1773-1886) was a slave owned by the family of Simón Bolívar. She was born to parents who were also the Bolívars' slaves. When she was 9, their owners forced her to leave her parents and start working on their plantation in San Mateo. Soon after Simón Bolívar was born, it became her job to raise and teach him. Today, she is considered a national heroine in Venezuela. However, she is usually celebrated as a mammy figure.


title: Darragh Ennis

text: Darragh Ennis (born 1980) is an Irish entomologist, neuroscientist, quizzer, and television personality. He is one of the six Chasers on the ITV game show The Chase. He is nicknamed The Menace and alternatively The Dublin Dynamo. He was a contestant on the show in 2017. In April 2020, Ennis became the first ever contestant in the UK to become a new Chaser. His Chaser debut aired on 19 November 2020.


title: Darragh Ennis

text: Ennis grew up in Dublin, Ireland and studied at Maynooth University, graduating with a BSc in biology in 2002, and a PhD in ecology in 2008. After completing his doctorate, he worked as a biomedical scientist at ICON plc for a year before undertaking postdoctoral research at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada from 2010 until 2012. Since 2013, he has worked as a lab manager and research technician at the University of Oxford, where he specialises in researching the brains of insects.


title: Darragh Ennis

text: In 2017, Ennis was a member of a winning team on "The Chase". He earned £9,000 in his Cash Builder round and defeated chaser Paul Sinha to take that money into the Final Chase. The other three contestants also advanced, but each of them took negative low offers from Sinha so that the final prize total was £6,300. Outraged viewers set up a GoFundMe campaign to compensate Ennis for his share of the money lost through his teammates' decisions. Ennis requested for all money to be donated to charity.


title: Darragh Ennis

text: In April 2020, Ennis was announced as the sixth chaser on The Chase, alongside Mark Labbett, Shaun Wallace, Anne Hegerty, Paul Sinha and Jenny Ryan. His Chaser-debut episode was aired on 19 November 2020. His debut brought in 4.9 million viewers, making it the most watched episode of The Chase ever.


title: Darragh Ennis

text: Ennis is married to his "university sweetheart", and they live together in Oxford with their two children. Ennis supports Dublin GAA and Liverpool FC. Ennis can speak German and Irish.


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Kiki's Delivery Service, known in Japan as , is a movie about a witch named Kiki who goes to live on her own for a year, just like all witches must do at her age. It's the fifth anime movie made at Studio Ghibli, and it was made by Hayao Miyazaki, their most famous director. It's based on the novel of the same name.


title: Singing Stars

text: Singing Stars () is an 2019 Tamil language singing reality TV show, that airs on Colors Tamil starting on 16 March 2019. The judges are Ananthu, playback singer Santhosh Narayanan and Shakthisree Gopalan, and the show is hosted by Keerthi Shanthanu and Vijay.


title: INA Martyrs' Memorial Complex

text: The INA Martyrs' Memorial Complex () is a war memorial complex in Moirang, Manipur. It is dedicated to the soldiers of the Indian National Army. It was built at Moirang where the Indian tricolor flag was first hoisted in the soil of India.


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: It begins with her listening to the radio and hears that there will be a full moon and runs to tell her mother she is leaving to start her training. She then leaves with a cat, Jiji, and while flying on her broom stick, runs into another witch who acts snobby. She then finds a town:Koriko, lives with a pregnant women who runs a bakery with her husband, starts a delivery service. After that, she gets a good friend;Kokiri. But suddenly Kiki loses her magical power so she can't fly with a broom stick and talk with her cat;Jiji. One day, Kokiri is involved in an accident airship.


title: INA Martyrs' Memorial Complex

text: The main feature of the complex is the replica of the INA's memorial in Singapore before its demolition by British Indian Army in 1945. The complex also houses the legendary INA War Museum along with a library and an auditorium.


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Kiki is the main character of this movie, And is a witch. She can fly with a broom stick and has a cat named Jiji. She goes to Koriko town to train as a witch for one year away from home. In this town, she meets Osono and she runs her delivery service in a bakery.


title: INA Martyrs' Memorial Complex

text: The life-size statue of Subhas Chandra Bose stands inside the complex. Work on the cenotaph itself began in October 1968 and was completed in September 1969. The complex was unveiled by Indira Gandhi, the then prime minister of India. Work on expanding the monument complex to present-day size was completed in 2005. The total cost in building the memorial was Rs 6.23 crores. A stone monument was also erected at the historic Moirang Kangla. It is the place where Colonel Shaukat Malik raised the flag of Azad Hind in April 1944. The Government of Manipur administered the site since 1985. Close to the complex is the peace memorial at the Red Hills (Maibam Lokpa Ching), raised by the Government of Japan.


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Jiji is the black cat. He is Kiki' partner and his birthday is same with Kiki. He can talk with Kiki by using Kiki's magical power. He loves a white cat;Lily.CV:Rei Sakuma


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Kokiri is Kiki's mother. And she is witche. She can fly with a broom stick and make a medicine from medical plants.CV:Meiko Nobusawa


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Tombo(Kobori) is a boy living in Koriko town. "Tombo" is his nickname and "Kobori" is his real name. He has a longing for flying.CV:Kappei Yamaguchi


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Osono is the bakery owner in Koriko town. She met Kiki by chance, and she allowed Kiki to live her house. She was pregnant woman and finally she has a baby. CV:Keiko Toda


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Fukuo is the baker and Osono's husband. He is a quiet and playful person. Also, his name don't be called in the movie. CV:Koichi Yamadera


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Ursula is painter. She lives in the forest. When Kiki felt down about her delivery service, Ursula provide Kiki with encouragement. Also, her name is not said in the movie. CV: Minami Takayama


title: Kiki's Delivery Service

text: Maki is fashion designer. She is first customer of Kiki's Delivery Service. She lives next to bakery with a white cat. The name of cat is lily.CV:Kikuko Inoue


title: Odense

text: Odense is the third largest city in Denmark with about 146,000 inhabitants and the capital of the island of Funen (Danish: "Fyn").


title: Odense

text: It was started in 988 A.D. and was sometimes the seat of the parliament of Denmark. In 1805, it became capital of the island Funen.


title: Paradise

text: Paradise (often called Heaven, the Garden or Kingdom Come) is an idea in religion. It is a place where everything is good.


title: Escalator

text: An escalator is a moving staircase – a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building. The device consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.


title: Trunk (botany)

text: The trunk is the main stem or "main woody axis of a tree". In the lumber trade a severed trunk is a log. In botany it means the main structural member of a tree that is directly connected to the roots and which supports the branches. The trunk is also often called the bole. The trunk is covered by the bark, which protects the tree against damage and often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top, depending on the species. The trunk, or bole, is the most important part of the tree for timber production. The tree trunk can be separated into five different layers: the heartwood, the sapwood, the vascular cambium, the inner bark, and the outer bark.


title: Āyah

text: Ayah (Arabic: آية āyah, plural آيات āyāt); is the Arabic word for omen, sign, proof, commandment, law, rule and/or guidance. The word is usually used to refer to a verse of the Qur’an. An ayah is the smallest unit of the Qur’an; Muslims believe that each of the 6236 ayah of the Qur’an is a sign from God (called Allāh in Arabic). Chapters in the Qur’an, called surah in Arabic, are made up of several ayahs, though a sura may vary greatly in length, ranging from 3 to 286 ayahs. such as:


title: Congo peafowl

text: The Congo peafowl ("Afropavo congensis"), known locally as the mbulu, is a species of peafowl. It is native to the Congo Basin. It is one of three living species of peafowl, the other two being the Indian peafowl (originally of India and Sri Lanka) and the green peafowl (native to Burma and Indochina).


title: Congo peafowl

text: The Congo peacock has physical characteristics of both the peafowl and the guineafowl, which may indicate that the Congo peacock is a link between the two families.


title: Doric order

text: Doric order was one of the three orders of architecture in Ancient Greece; the other two orders were Corinthian order and Ionic order. The order was named after the style of columns used in buildings. It included the base, the shaft, the top (capital), and the part supported at the top; the architrave, the frieze and the cornice. Each order has its own style.


title: Doric order

text: Doric was the earliest style and used by the Greeks for most of their buildings and temples, including the Parthenon. It is believed that the style was first made using wood. The style features heavy columns, a saucer shaped capital on the top, and no base.


title: Doric order

text: The columns (17) are fluted (18), which means they have about 20 grooves cut into them. The top of the column, the capital (14) is made up of a group of annulets. The saucer shaped piece is called the echinus (16). Above this is a square piece of stone, called the abacus (15), on the top. This supports the entablature, which is about one third of the height of the column. This is made up of a plain architrave (13) and a frieze with triglyphs (8). Between the triglyphs are square spaces, called metopes (9), which can be used for sculptures. Above this is a cornice with large blocks called mutules (5), which overhang the frieze. The lower surface of these blocks are called the soffit. Above this the block of stone has a plain vertical face called the corona. It is finished on the top with more decorations.


title: Doric order

text: Parts of the frieze sculptures from the Parthenon were removed in the 1800's and taken to the British Museum. They are known as the Elgin Marbles.


title: Quoll

text: Quolls (genus Dasyurus) are meat-eating marsupials native to Australia and Papua New Guinea. The name "dasyurus" means "hairy tail." Adults are between 25 and 75 cm long, with hairy tails about 20-35 cm long (about the size of a cat). Females have pouch to carry their babies.


title: Quoll

text: Quolls are threatened by eating toxic cane toads, but a University of Sydney project is teaching them not to eat them.


title: Quoll

text: The family Dasyurini to which quolls belong also includes the Tasmanian devil, antechinuses, the kowari, and mulgaras.


title: Giardia lamblia

text: Giardia lamblia (also known as "Lamblia intestinalis" and "Giardia duodenalis") is a parasite that infects the intestines and causes giardiasis or 'beaver fever'. "Giardia" affects humans, cats, dogs and birds, cows, beavers, deer, and sheep.


title: Oldsmobile

text: Oldmobile was an automobile maker, owned by General Motors. Oldmobiles were known for being affordable cars with good performance and new technologies.


title: Cotton gin

text: A cotton gin, or a cotton engine is a machine that pulls cotton fibers away from the cotton seeds. The modern cotton gin was invented by the American inventor Eli Whitney.It is significant in American history because after its invention, Southerners began growing much more cotton and so they needed more slaves to work on their cotton plantations. Instead of disappearing, slavery became even more important to the Southern economy.


title: Oldsmobile

text: The company was closed in 2004, due to the company being less popular. The cars are still a popular GM car thanks to resale.


title: John Kerr (actor)

text: John Grinham Kerr (November 15, 1931 – February 2, 2013) was an American actor and lawyer. As an actor. he worked in movies, television and on stage. He won a Tony Award in 1954.


title: John Kerr (actor)

text: Kerr was born on November 15, 1931 in New York City, New York. His parents were British actor Geoffrey Kerr and American actress June Walker. He studied at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Harvard University.


title: John Kerr (actor)

text: Kerr had a major role in the movie version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's "South Pacific" (1958), playing Lt. Joe Cable, the newly arrived marine about to be sent on a dangerous spy mission.


title: John Kerr (actor)

text: In "The Crowded Sky" (1960), Kerr played a pilot who helps the Captain (Dana Andrews) steer a crippled airliner back to earth. Another movie appearance was in Roger Corman's "The Pit and the Pendulum" (1961). In 1963, Kerr had a continuing role on "Arrest and Trial", playing Assistant DA Barry Pine.


title: John Kerr (actor)

text: Kerr was married to Priscilla Smith from 1952 until they divorced in 1972. Then he was married to Barbara Chu from 1979 until his death in 2013. He had three children with Smith.


title: Pato

text: Pato is a game played on horseback. It adds ideas from polo and basketball. It is the national sport of Argentina.


title: Pato

text: " is Spanish for "duck". The early games used a live duck inside a basket instead of a ball. Pato has been written about since 1610. The playing field would often go between neighboring ranches. The first team to reach its own ranch house with the duck was the winner.


title: Pato

text: Pato was banned several times during its history. This was due to the violence—not only to the duck; many gauchos were trampled underfoot. Some lost their lives in knife fights started in the heat of the game. In 1796, a Catholic priest said that pato players who died this way should not get Christian burial. Laws saying people could not play pato were common in the 19th century.


title: Pato

text: During the 1930s, pato had rules added by ranch owner Alberto del Castillo Posse. He made a set of rules based on modern polo. President Juan Perón made pato Argentina's national game in 1953.


title: Pato

text: In modern pato, two four-member teams ride on horses. They try to get a ball which has six handles. They score by throwing the ball through a ring that is vertical. The rings have a 100 cm (3.3 ft) diameter. They are on 240 cm (7.9 ft) high poles. A closed net, going up for 140 cm (4.6 ft), holds the ball after goals are scored.


title: Pato

text: The winner is the team with most goals scored after the time is done. Game time is six 8-minute "periods".


title: Pato

text: The field is: length 180 to 220 m (196.9 to 240.6 yd), width 80 to 90 m (87 to 98 yd). The ball is made of leather, with an inflated rubber chamber and six leather handles. Its diameter is 40 cm (15.7 in) handle-to-handle. The weight is 1050 to 1250 g (2.3 to 2.8 lbs).


title: Pato

text: The player that has control of the ' (i.e. holds the ball by a handle) must ride with his right arm outstretched. He offers the pato so rival players have a chance of tugging the pato and stealing it. Not holding his arm out while riding with the pato is an offense called ' (refusal).


title: Pato

text: During the tug itself, or ", both players must stand on the stirrups and not sit on the saddle. The hand not tugging must hold the reins. The tug is usually the most exciting part of the game.


title: Rail replacement bus service

text: A rail replacement bus service are buses that replace passenger train services. Rail replacement bus services are used if railway lines are being repaired or if railway stations are being upgraded.


title: British Rail Class 45

text: The British Rail Class 45 also known as the Sulzer Type 4 diesel locomotives were built by British Rail at their Derby and Crewe Works between 1960 and 1962. They were the successors to the Class 44 locomotives. When initially put into service the locomotives were fitted with multi-unit working and steam heating boilers for passenger service. In the early 1970s fifty were fitted with electric train supply in place of their steam heating boilers, and assigned to work services on the Midland Main Line from London St Pancras to Nottingham, Derby and Sheffield. All were withdrawn from service by 1989.


title: Apologoi

text: An apologoi is a Greek term which means a story inside a story. It comes from the word "apologos" which means "story". A famous example of an apologoi is in books 9 to 12 of Homer's epic poem, the "Odyssey". In that apologoi Odysseus tells the Phaeacians the story of his travels from Troy to Calypso's island Ogygia.


title: St. Edward's Crown

text: St. Edward's Crown is a part of the coronation regalia. The crown was commissioned for the Coronation of Charles II on 23 April 1661 from the Crown Jeweller, Robert Viner. After the 1689 coronation of William III, its importance diminished. It was often carried in procession and set on the altar rather than placed on the Monarch's head. The Imperial State Crown was used instead for the actual crowning. It was not until George V's coronation in 1911 that the crown resumed its traditional place.


title: St. Edward's Crown

text: The present St Edward's Crown contains much of the crown made in 1661 for the coronation of King Charles II. The crown is made of gold. It weighs 71oz 14dwt. It was set with hired stones for the coronations and then reset with imitations for display purposes. In 1911 it was fitted with 444 semi-precious stones. The crown frame dates to 1661 but it is possible that it (or parts of it) were constructed from a pre-Restoration crown. Materials used include gold, silver, platinum, enamel, tourmalines, topazes, rubies, amethysts, sapphires, garnet, peridot, zircons, spinel, aquamarines, velvet, and ermine.


title: St. Edward's Crown

text: At a coronation, the Archbishop of Canterbury takes the crown from the altar and places it reverently upon the Monarch's head. "God save the King/Queen" is heard. The princes and princesses, the peers and peeresses put on their coronets and caps. The trumpets sound and a royal salute is fired at the Tower of London. After the crowning, the Monarch is enthroned and receives the homage of the clergy, princes, and peers.


title: Anglophone Crisis

text: The Anglophone Crisis (), also known as the Ambazonia War, or the Cameroonian Civil War, is an ongoing armed conflict in the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon. It is a part of the long-standing Anglophone problem. After the crackdown of the 2016–17 Cameroonian protests, Ambazonian separatists in the English-speaking Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon (formemy known as Southern Cameroons) started a guerilla warfare against Cameroonian armed forces. The later said that independence has occurred. In November 2017, the government of Cameroon declared war on the separatists. It sent its army into the regions.


title: Anglophone Crisis

text: The conflict started as a small insurgency. It spread to most parts of the area within a year. By the summer of 2019, the government controlled the major cities and parts of the countryside. The separatists controlled parts of the countryside. They were also seen often in the major cities. A year later, clearly-defined frontlines had formed. Cameroonian army would raid separatist-controlled towns and villages, but it would not try to recapture them. Its main concern was securing the major urban areas. The Cameroonian government is supported by Nigeria. Some separatist groups are supported by Biafran separatists.


title: Anglophone Crisis

text: Thousands of people have been killed in the war. More than half a million people have had to leave their homes. In 2019, talk took place bewteen Cameroon and the separatists for the first time. special status was given to the Anglophone regions. Despite this the war continued to intensify in late 2019. The 2020 Cameroonian parliamentary election cause more problems. The separatists became more assertive while Cameroon sent more forces. The COVID-19 pandemic saw one group declare a ceasefire to fight the spread of the virus. other groups and the Cameroonian government ignored this and kept fighting.


title: Anglophone Crisis

text: There has been very few tries at negotiating. Switzerland tried in 2019 but they failed. Separatist leaders who were returned to Cameroon from Nigeria in 2018 were sent to prison for life. There was growing international pressure for an end to the conflict. In July 2020 Cameroon began talking with these imprisoned leaders. The talks were held between Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe and other imprisoned leaders and representatives of the Cameroonian government.


title: Substituent

text: In organic chemistry and biochemistry, substituent is the name for a single atom or for a group of atoms that take the position of another atom in a molecule. They replace this atom. This reaction is called a substitution reaction. The atom or group of atoms that gets replaced is called the leaving group.


title: Substituent

text: The terms substituent, side chain, group, branch, or pendant group are used in the same way to describe branches from a parent structure. These terms have different meanings in polymer chemistry. In polymers, side chains extend from a backbone structure, while they are attached to the alpha carbon atoms of the amino acid backbone in proteins.


title: Substituent

text: Organic chemistry has rules for naming compounds with substituent groups. The substituent group is listed first with a suffix to describe how it is attached to the main carbon chain. The suffix -yl is used when naming organic compounds that contain a single bond replacing one hydrogen. -ylidene and -ylidyne are used for double bonds and triple bonds respectively. When naming hydrocarbons that contain a substituent, position numbers may be used. These number will indicate which carbon atom the substituent is attached to. One case where this information is needed is that of isomers.


title: Substituent

text: The phrases most-substituted and least-substituted are often used to describe molecules and predict their products. For example:


title: Substituent

text: In a structural diagram or formula, the letters R or X are used to represent a substituent group. An organic substituent such as methyl, ethyl, aryl can be written as R (or R, R, etc.) This is a generic placeholder. The "R" derived from "radical" or "rest". The R can represent as many atoms as the author wants. The first to use this symbol was Charles Frédéric Gerhardt in 1844.


title: Dylan McDermott

text: Dylan McDermott is an American actor from Connecticut. He is best known for his role on "The Practice" which won him a Golden Globe award.


title: Debito Arudou

text: Debito Arudou was born 13 January 1965 as David Christopher Schofill. He became a naturalized Japanese citizen in 2000. He lived in Japan until 2011, after which he emigrated to Hawaii, where he still lives. He is a social activist who tries to change the situation of non-Japanese people in Japan.


title: The Vampire Diaries

text: The Vampire Diaries is an American television series. It premiered on September 10, 2009 on The CW. The show ended on March 10, 2017.


title: George Canning

text: George Canning PC, FRS (11 April 1770 – 8 August 1827) was a British statesman and politician who was Foreign Secretary and, briefly, Prime Minister.


title: George Canning

text: Stratford Canning was a Whig and would introduce his nephew in the 1780s to prominent Whigs such as Charles James Fox, Edmund Burke, and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. George Canning's friendship with Sheridan would last for the remainder of Sheridan's life.


title: Joseph Barbera

text: Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera (March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an Italian American animator, cartoon artist, storyboard artist, director, producer, and co-founder, together with William Hanna, of Hanna-Barbera. He was born in Manhattan and raised in Flatbush, Brooklyn. The studio produced well-known cartoons such as "Tom and Jerry", "The Huckleberry Hound Show", "The Flintstones", "The Jetsons", "Scooby-Doo" as well as the musical film, "Charlotte's Web.


title: Marcus Garvey

text: Marcus Mosiah Garvey Sr., ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940), was a Jamaican political activist leader. He started the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. He inspired Rastafarians and the Nation of Islam. Garvey was a black nationalist and Pan-Africanist. His ideas came to be known as Garveyism.


title: Marcus Garvey

text: Garvey was born in Jamaica. He left Jamaica in 1910. He lived in Costa Rica for a few months. In 1912 he moved back to Jamaica. The Marcus Garvey Award is given each year to a Jamaican by JAM. He was an important activist during the Back-to-Africa movement.


title: Marcus Garvey

text: Garvey was controversial because he supported in separating black and white people and even supported the Ku Klux Klan. He thanked white people for Jim Crow laws as well.


title: Marcus Garvey

text: Garvey had a stroke in January 1940 and this caused many to believe he had died. In fact, many early obituaries of Garvey were released, some of which Garvey read himself. He died in London on June 10, 1940 shortly after reading another early obituary of him, aged 52.


title: Lucien Laurent

text: Lucien Laurent (10 December 10, 1907 – April 11, 2005) was a former French footballer. He has played for France national team. He scored the first ever FIFA World Cup goal in France's 4-1 win against Mexico.


title: Slime mould

text: Slime moulds, or slime molds, are forms of life which live on the rainforest floor, and many other parts of the world. They slither over ground and fallen tree trunks in search of food. They scatter spores, like plants, which grow into new slime moulds.


title: Dakini

text: In Hinduism and Buddhism, a dakini is a female being like a goddess. They are mostly found in Tibetan Buddhism.Chinese: 空行母, Pinyin: Kōngxíng Mǔ and 狐仙,Pinyin:Hú xian ;明妃,Pinyin:Míng fēi｝ The dakini inspires spiritual practice. A dakini is often depicted as beautiful and naked. The nakedness represents the freedom of the mind.


title: Slime mould

text: They are a way of life, or life-form, which has evolved a number of times. Because they are not a monophyletic group, they are put into several different phyla. They have some features of fungi and some features of protozoa. This was discussed by Anton de Bary in 1858.


title: Dakini

text: The Chinese and Tibetan terms for "dakini" literally mean "she who travels in the sky"; this is sometimes written poetically as "sky dancer". Their bodies are depicted curved in sinuous dance poses.


title: Slime mould

text: They spend part of their lives as isolated cells, but come together when a chemical signal is released. Then together, they form a multicellular organism which reproduces and makes spores. So they are both single-celled and multicellular. That is not all: the multicellular form loses its cell walls, and becomes a syncytium. This is an organism with many nuclei, but few or no cell walls.


title: Dakini

text: Dakinis are associated with energy. They are linked with the revelation of the path of transformation. They help people to change the energy of negative emotions, called poisons "(kleshas)", into enlightened awareness.


title: Slime mould

text: The single cells are amoeboid (amoeba-like) and haploid (one set of chromosomes, like our gametes). The multi-nuclear stage is called a "plasmodium". It is diploid, formed from fusions between pairs of amoeboid cells. It gains nutrition by phagocytosing bacteria and food particles.


title: Dakini

text: Images tend to show the dakini as a young, naked figure in a dancing posture, often holding a skull cup filled with menstrual blood or the elixir of life in one hand, and a curved knife in the other. She may wear a garland of human skulls, with a trident staff leaning against her shoulder. Her hair is usually wild and hanging down her back, and her face often wrathful in expression, as she dances on top of a corpse, which represents her complete mastery over ego and ignorance.


title: Slime mould

text: As the food supply fades, the plasmodium makes haploid cells by meiosis, and they form the basis of spores. The spores are kept and then distributed from a structure like a sporangium. This life-cycle is typical of the main group called Mycetozoa.


title: Dakini

text: Tibetan Buddhists believe that a Dakini gave a black hat to the third Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje (1284 - 1339), when he was three years old. The Black Crown became the emblem of this Tibetan lineage known as the Karma Kagyu.


title: Slime mould

text: Modern molecular biology has shown by sequence analysis that slime moulds are not a monophyletic group. They were once regarded as fungi, but now they are split into three different groups, and none of them are fungi. They are a form taxon, put together because they share some characteristics. Relationships between the groups are not yet understood.


title: Slime mould

text: Bikonts are eukaryote cells with two flagellae. There are three groups, which have evolved slime mould form independently.


title: Slime mould

text: "Fonticula" is a cellular slime mould which forms a fruiting body in a volcano shape. "Fonticula" is not closely related to either the Dictyosteliida or the Acrasidae. A 2009 paper finds it to be related to "Nuclearia", which in turn is related to fungi.


title: Ordo Templi Orientis

text: Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.) ("Order of the Temple of the East", or the "Order of Oriental Templars") is an international fraternal and religious organization founded at the beginning of the 20th century. Originally it was intended to be modelled after and associated with Freemasonry, but under the leadership of Aleister Crowley was reorganized based on the Law of Thelema as its central religious principle along with "The Book of the Law". Similar to many secret societies, O.T.O. membership is based on an initiatory system with a series of degree ceremonies that use ritual drama to establish fraternal bonds and impart spiritual and philosophical teachings.


title: Ordo Templi Orientis

text: O.T.O. also includes the Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica (EGC) or Gnostic Catholic Church, which is the ecclesiastical arm of the Order. Its central rite, which is public, is the Gnostic Mass.


title: Angry Grandpa

text: Charles Marvin Green Jr. (October 16, 1950 – December 10, 2017), better known as Angry Grandpa or simply AGP, was an American internet personality and former firefighter. With his son, Michael, he had a YouTube channel, "TheAngryGrandpaShow", that had over four million subscribers.


title: Angry Grandpa

text: Green was born on October 16, 1950 in Chatham County, Georgia. He had bipolar disorder and suffered from skin cancer.


title: Angry Grandpa

text: In October 2017 , Green was hospitalized for cirrhosis, kidney stones and pneumonia. His health began to get worse when he suffered from high ammonia levels. He died at his home in Summerville, South Carolina on December 10, 2017 of problems caused by cirrhosis. He was 67 years old.


title: Ben Shephard

text: Benjamin Peter Sherrington Shephard (born 11 December 1974) is an English television presenter and journalist who is currently employed by ITV. He was a main presenter on the now defunct breakfast programme "GMTV" and since April 2014 has co-hosted the ITV breakfast show "Good Morning Britain" with Susanna Reid and Charlotte Hawkins and formerly Kate Garraway. He has also hosted game shows such as "The Krypton Factor" (2009–2010), "Tipping Point" (2012—present) and "Ninja Warrior UK" (2015—2019).


title: Ben Shephard

text: In 2012, along with Helen Skelton, he welcomed the athletes of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games to Trafalgar Square as part of their homecoming parade.


title: Khudei

text: Khudei or Khoodei () is a daily traditional Meitei loincloth wear, worn by menfolk. It is also used as a cotton towel in some cases. It is a wraparound linen cloth.


title: Khudei

text: This short woven cloth covers the body from the waist up to the knee portion. Generally, it measures around 3' x 8'.


title: Khudei

text: Sometimes, it is folded and carried on the shoulders by aged men. It is worn like in the dhoti style.


title: Miyagi Prefecture

text: Miyagi Prefecture used to be part of Mutsu Province. That province was in the northern part of Honshu. It was made from land taken from the indigenous Emishi. The province became the largest as it expanded to the north. The ancient capital was in modern Miyagi Prefecture.


title: Miyagi Prefecture

text: During the Sengoku period, various clans ruled different parts of the province. Date Masamune was a close ally of the Tokugawa. He established Sendai, which is now the largest town of the Tōhoku region.


title: Miyagi Prefecture

text: In the Meiji period, four new provinces were created from parts of Mutsu: Rikuchū, Rikuzen, Iwaki, and Iwashiro. In 1871, Sendai Prefecture was formed. It was renamed Miyagi prefecture the following year.


title: Miyagi Prefecture

text: On March 11, 2011, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and major tsunami hit Miyagi Prefecture. It caused major damage to the area. The tsunami was about 10 meters high in parts of Miyagi Prefecture.


title: Miyagi Prefecture

text: Farming, fishing and sake brewing are all important in Miyagi. As of March 2011, the prefecture made 4.7% of Japan's rice, 23% of its oysters, and 15.9% of its saury fish. Manufacturing around Sendai is a larger part of the economy. The area produces electronics, appliances, and processed food.


title: Miyagi Prefecture

text: Sendai was the castle town of the daimyo Date Masamune. The remains of Sendai Castle are on a hill above the city.


title: Miyagi Prefecture

text: Miyagi Prefecture has one of Japan's Three Great Views. Matsushima Bay is full of small islands with old pine trees on them. Many visitors come here every year and many artists have painted the islands.


title: Tawakel Karman

text: Tawakel Karman (born 7 February 1979) came to international attention as a leader in the 2011 Yemeni uprising, part of the Arab Spring. Yemenis have called her "Iron Woman" and "Mother of the Revolution." She won the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize with two other women. She is the first Yemeni and the first Arab woman to win the prize. She is the second Muslim woman to win any Nobel Prize and the youngest Nobel Peace Laureate.


title: Tawakel Karman

text: Karman is a journalist. She is also politician and senior member of the of Al-Islah political party. She is also works to improve human rights. She is one of the people who started the group "Women Journalists Without Chains". She became well known in Yemen after 2005. As a journalist, she helped a mobile phone news service after the government did not give them a license. She led protests for press freedom and organized weekly protests for reform. She lead the Yemini protests to support the Arab Spring after the Tunisian people overthrew the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011. She has opposed President Ali Abdullah Saleh and thinks he should not be president any longer.


title: Tawakel Karman

text: Karman earned a college degree in commerce from the University of Science and Technology, Sana'a. She also completed a graduate degree in political science from the University of Sana'a. She is married to Mohammed al-Nahmi


title: Tawakel Karman

text: Tawakel is sometimes spelled differently in English, for example: Tawakul, Tawakkol, Tawakkul or Tawakel Abdel-Salam Karman


title: Tawakel Karman

text: Karman, Tawakkol. "Our revolution's doing what Saleh can't - uniting Yemen." "The Guardian", 9 April 2011.


title: Tawakel Karman

text: Karman, Tawakkol. "The world must not forsake Yemen's struggle for freedom." "The Guardian", 1 November 2011. (Includes a link to the Arabic version.)


title: Tawakel Karman

text: Karman, Tawakkol. "Tawakkol Karman - Nobel Lecture." "Nobelprize.org". 10 Dec 2011. (Includes links to the English, Norwegian, and Arabic versions.)


title: United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack

text: The U.S. House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol is a select committee of the U.S. House of Representatives to investigate the attack on the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. The attack, inspired by President Donald Trump's false claim of a stolen election, was an attempt to overturn the 2020 election results, in which Trump lost to Democrat Joe Biden.


text: The committee was formed through a party-line vote on July 1, 2021 with Democrats supporting it and a majority of Republicans going against it. Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger were the only two House Republicans to be on the committee, and the Republican National Committee eventually censured them for their participation.


text: The investigation started with public hearings on July 27, when four police officers testified. By March 2022, the committee had interviewed nearly 700 people. Steve Bannon, Mark Meadows, Peter Navarro, and Dan Scavino have been held in criminal contempt of Congress for refusing to testify; Bannon was indicted by a federal grand jury. Other members of Trump's inner circle are working with the committee.


text: The committee has argued that Trump knew he did not win the election and was committing fraud, and it may recommend that the U.S. Department of Justice open a criminal investigation into Trump's responsibility for the attack on the Capitol. However, the Justice Department already has its own inquiries and investigations, the committee may instead focus on creating its final report.


title: Human reproduction

text: Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction in humans. It typically involves sexual activities between a man and a woman. During sex, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.


title: Suidae

text: Suidae is the family to which pigs and their relatives belong. Several species are currently recognised, including the domestic pig. In addition to numerous species of wild pig, the family includes the babirusa and the warthog.


title: Port-au-Prince

text: Port-au-Prince (Pòtoprens in Kreyòl) is the capital city of Haiti. Haiti is also divided into ten "Départements"; Port-au-Prince is the capital of the Ouest "Département."


title: Port-au-Prince

text: Port-au-Prince is Haiti's largest city. According to the country's 2015 census, over 2.6 million people lived there.


title: Port-au-Prince

text: Port-au-Prince was built in 1749. At that time, Haiti was a French colony called "Saint-Domingue". Before 1770, "Cap-Français" (now Cap-Haïtien) was the capital of Saint-Domingue. In 1770, Port-au-Prince replaced "Cap-Français" as the capital of Saint-Domingue.


title: Port-au-Prince

text: In 1804, the people of Haiti won the Haitian Revolution, and Haiti became an independent country. Port-au-Prince became the capital of this new country. During the French and Haitian Revolutions, it was called "Port-Républicain", before Jean-Jacques Dessalines renamed it Port-au-Prince.


title: Port-au-Prince

text: Shortly after it won its independence, Haiti's new leaders divided the country between a kingdom in the north and a republic in the south. Port-au-Prince remained the capital of the republic.


title: Port-au-Prince

text: Port-au-Prince is the cultural centre of Haiti. The State University of Haiti ("L'Université d'État d'Haïti," or UEH, in French); the Université Quisqueya; and the "Université Caraïbe" are all located in the city.


title: Port-au-Prince

text: Port-au-Prince is the nation's largest centre of economy and finance. It has the most important port in the country, where coffee and sugar are exported. Port-au-Prince has soap, textile, and cement factories, and others to process foods.


title: Port-au-Prince

text: There is also an international airport about north of the city. It is named "Aéroport International Toussaint L'ouverture" after national hero Toussaint L'ouverture.


title: Port-au-Prince

text: The city was very badly damaged and more than 100,000 people died in the 2010 Haiti earthquake, which is one of the deadliest earthquakes in history. Due to extreme poverty, the city has still not recovered from the earthquake, and many ruins still remain.


title: Taurus (constellation)

text: Taurus is a constellation in the northern sky. "Taurus" means "bull" in Latin. It is a constellation of the zodiac, which means that it crosses the ecliptic. The astronomer named Ptolemy listed Taurus when he made a list of 48 constellations. It is one of the 88 modern constellations that were made by the International Astronomical Union.


title: Taurus (constellation)

text: The star clusters Pleiades and Hyades are in Taurus. Taurus also contains the Crab Nebula, which is a supernova remnant. The brightest star in Taurus is a red giant star called Aldebaran.


title: Baja California (state)

text: Baja California is a Mexican state in the northern section of the Baja California Peninsula. It borders the state Baja California Sur to the south, and Sonora to the east. It also borders the U.S. state of California to the north. It means "Lower California".


title: Cotonou

text: Cotonou is the economy capital of Benin. It is the largest city in that country. The city officially has 761,137 people, but it is thought that the actual number of people living in the city may be as high as 1.2 million. Many of the government and diplomatic services of Benin are in Cotonou. Because of this, the city is Benin's de facto capital, even though the official capital is Porto-Novo.


title: Cotonou

text: The city is best known as a major port because of the Autonomous Port of Cotonou. It is also home to an airport and a railway between it and Parakou. Other features of Cotonou include Cotonou Friendship Stadium, Cotonou Cathedral, Cotonou Central Mosque and the 20-hectare Dantokpa Market. The National University of Benin is in Cotonou.


title: Cotonou

text: The name 'Cotonou' means 'the mouth of the river of death' in the Fon language. At the beginning of the 19th century, Cotonou (then spelled Kotonou) was a small fishing village. The village was a part of the Kingdom of Dahomey. In 1851, the French made a treaty with the Dahomean King Ghezo. It let them build a place to trade at Cotonou. During the reign of Glele (1858-89), who ruled after Ghezo, the area was given to France by a treaty signed on May 19, 1868. In 1883, the French navy was at the city to stop the British from taking over the area. After Glele's death in 1889, his son Behanzin tried to challenge the treaty but he failed.


title: Columbia River

text: The Columbia River is a river in British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. The Columbia River is about 1,243 miles long. It is the fourth-largest river in the United States by volume. The Columbia has the greatest discharge (flow) of any North American river entering the Pacific.


title: Davos

text: Davos (, ) is a ski resort and municipality in the district of Davos in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The ice hockey club EHC Davos has a stadium in the town.


title: Columbia River

text: Its largest tributary is the Snake River, which flows west from the state of Idaho. The lower part of the Columbia forms the border between the states Washington and Oregon. The Columbia drains 254,000 square miles (657,857 km) of land, beginning in the Canadian Rockies and flowing west through the Cascade Range, to where it empties into the Pacific Ocean.


title: Davos

text: Davos Dorf, Davos Platz, Frauenkirch, Davos Glaris, Davos Wiesen, Davos Monstein, Davos Clavadel, Laret, Wolfgang, Obem See, Meierhof, Stilli, Bünda, Spina, Tschuggen, Dörfji, In den Büelen, Hof, Teufi, Gadmen, Am Rin, Dürrboden, Sertig Dörfli, Oberalp and Inneralp.


title: Columbia River

text: There are 14 dams on the Columbia River. Three are in Canada, and the other 11 are in the United States. The dams generate hydroelectricity and provide flood control and water for farms. There are also dams on the Snake River and many other tributaries. These dams have, along with their benefits, caused salmon populations in the river to go down.


title: Nanning

text: Nanning () is the capital and largest city by population of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China.


title: Southampton F.C.

text: Southampton F.C. is an English football club. They were founded in 1885 and play their home games at St Mary's Stadium.


title: Hohhot

text: Hohhot, also Huhehot or Huhhot, is the capital of Inner Mongolia. It is the region's administrative, economic, and cultural centre.


title: Nitroglycerin

text: Nitroglycerin, also known as nitroglycerine (UK spelling), trinitroglycerin, trinitroglycerine, 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane and glyceryl trinitrate, is a heavy, colorless, oily, explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol. It is very dangerous and easy to detonate. It was synthesized in 1847 by Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero. Alfred Nobel used it to make one of the most famous explosives in the world during 1867, named dynamite.


title: Nitroglycerin

text: Nitroglycerine is also used in some medicines because it is a vasodilator. This means it makes the blood vessels get wider. That makes it easier for blood to flow through them.


title: Nitroglycerin

text: Nitroglycerine is used mostly for angina and some heart attacks caused by coronary artery disease. This is a disease that makes the blood vessels that bring blood to the heart get narrower. When the heart does not get enough blood and oxygen, a person can have angina (chest pain) or a heart attack. Taking nitroglycerine makes the blood vessels get wider again, so more blood and oxygen can get to the heart.


title: Nitroglycerin

text: Nitroglycerin is sometimes used in emergencies for other medical conditions caused by narrow blood vessels.


title: Fight Club

text: Fight Club is a 1999 American drama movie. It stars Edward Norton, Brad Pitt, and Helena Bonham Carter. The movie was directed by David Fincher. It is based on a novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk.


title: Fight Club

text: The story is about an unnamed character's path during a dark form of personal enlightenment (or eternal happiness) which is achieved primarily through fighting. The story is dark and, in both the book and the movie, contains strong depictions of violence. There are a large number of metaphors which are revealed in its complex and twisted storyline. Some would think that the morals and life guidelines taught in the story would be an extreme form of Buddhism, such as the idea of detachment from material possessions (things). The central character has dissociative identity disorder.


title: Accusative case

text: The accusative case is the grammatical case which marks the direct object of a transitive verb. This is best explained with examples:


title: Accusative case

text: In the sentence ""He" sees the woman", "he" is the subject of the sentence. In the sentence "The woman sees "him"", "him" is the object.


title: Accusative case

text: So, in English we use different forms of the pronoun: he/him. "Him" would be the accusative case. If we use a noun, there is no difference in English. We use the same word "man": The man sees the woman" and "The woman sees the man.


title: Accusative case

text: In many languages different forms of the word are used, depending on what function it has in the sentence - subject or object.


title: Accusative case

text: For example, in Latin. "The man sees the woman" = "Vir feminam videt", while "The woman sees the man" = "Femina virum videt". For "man", Latin uses "vir" for the subject, and "virum" for the object. Also, in the same sentences, we have "femina" for a subject and "feminam" for object. The form used for the direct object ("him", "virum", "feminam") is known as the "accusative case", while the form used for the subject ("he", "vir", "femina") is known as the nominative case.


title: Accusative case

text: In some languages, like German, the accusative case is applied to the definite article and not to the noun. In German, "the car" as the subject of a sentence may be "der Wagen". This is the form in the nominative case. When "the car" is used as the object in a sentence, it becomes "den Wagen", the accusative.


title: Copa del Rey

text: The Copa del Rey is an annual football competition in Spain. The competition was founded in 1903, which makes it the oldest Spanish football competition.


title: Skyfall

text: Skyfall is a 2012 spy movie and the twenty-third in the "James Bond" series produced by Eon Productions. The movie is the third to star Daniel Craig as fictional MI6 agent James Bond and includes Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva, the villain, and Judi Dench, as M. It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and John Logan, and features the theme song "Skyfall", written and performed by Adele. It was distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. The movie centres around Bond investigating an attack on MI6; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 operative Raoul Silva to humiliate, discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him. It sees the return of two recurring characters after an absence of two movies: Q, played by Ben Whishaw, and Miss Moneypenny, played by Naomie Harris.


title: Skyfall

text: Mendes was approached to direct after the release of "Quantum of Solace" in 2008. Development was suspended when MGM ran into financial trouble, and did not resume until MGM emerged from bankruptcy in December 2010; meanwhile the original screenwriter, Peter Morgan, left the project. When production resumed, Logan, Purvis, and Wade continued writing what became the final version. Filming began in November 2011, primarily in the United Kingdom, with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey.


title: Skyfall

text: "Skyfall" premiered at the Royal Albert Hall, London, on 23 October 2012 and was released in the UK on 26 October and in North America on 9 November. It was the first James Bond movie to be screened in IMAX venues, although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras. The release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series, which began with "Dr. No" in 1962. "Skyfall" was very well received by critics, who praised its screenplay, acting (particularly by Craig, Bardem, and Dench), Mendes's direction, Deakins's cinematography, Thomas Newman's musical score, and action sequences. It was the fourteenth movie to gross over $1 billion worldwide, and the only "James Bond" movie to do so. It became the seventh-highest-grossing movie of all time, the highest-grossing movie in the UK, the highest-grossing movie in the series, the highest-grossing movie worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM, and the second-highest-grossing movie of 2012. The movie won several accolades, including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and two Grammy Awards.


title: Skyfall

text: The next movie in the series, "Spectre", was released in North America in November 2015, with Craig reprising his role, Sony Pictures returning to distribute, and Mendes returning to direct.


title: Bhojpuri language

text: Bhojpuri Language is an Indo-Aryan language which is spoken in northern-eastern India and It is mainly spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. There are also Bhojpuri speakers in Suriname. The language is written in Devanagari.


title: Chamorro language

text: Chamorro (; (CNMI), (Guam)) is a language spoken in Guam and the Mariana Islands by the Chamorro people. It has a lot of loanwords from the Spanish language. It is spoken by about 58,000 people.


title: Chamorro language

text: In 1922, the US government banned the Chamorro language. Now, most Chamorro in Guam speak English. However, some people are teaching Chamorro classes so that others can learn the language.


title: Herero language

text: The Herero language (Herero: "Otjiherero") is a Bantu language of the Niger-Congo group. It is spoken by the Herero people in Namibia and Botswana. There are about 237,000 Herero speakers in both countries, 206,000 in Namibia and the rest in Botswana.


title: Herero language

text: The language is spoken in an area called "Hereroland". This area includes the regions of Omaheke, Otjozondjupa, and Kunene. The Himba people, who are related to the Herero people, speak a dialect that is very close to Herero. A large minority of people in Windhoek (the capital of Namibia) speak Herero.


title: Herero language

text: The Herero language is written in the Latin alphabet. The first written work in Herero was a translation of the Bible by missionary Gottlieb Viehe (1839-1901). Father Peter Heinrich Brincker (1836-1904), another missionary, translated several religious works and songs into Herero.


title: Herero language

text: Herero is taught in Namibian schools and at the University of Namibia. It is one of the six minority languages used in broadcasts by the Namibian State Radio (NBC). Gamsberg Macmillan, , has published the only dictionary in Herero.


title: Uruk

text: Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia. It was east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River. It was in what is now Iraq.


title: Uruk

text: Uruk gives its name to the Uruk period, the early Chalcolithic to early Bronze Age period in Mesopotamia, about 4000 to 3100 BC. This was followed by the period of Sumer proper. It played a leading role in the early urbanization of Sumer in the mid 4th millennium BC.


title: Uruk

text: At its height c 2900 BC, Uruk probably had 50,000–80,000 residents living in 6 km of walled area. It was the largest city in the world at the time.


title: Uruk

text: According to the chronology in the Sumerian king list, the semi-mythical king Gilgamesh ruled Uruk in the 27th century BC.


title: Uruk

text: The city lost its prime importance around 2000 BC, after the struggle of Babylonia with Elam. It remained inhabited throughout the Seleucid and Parthian periods until it was finally abandoned during the Sassanid period, just before the Islamic conquest of Mesopotamia.


title: Uruk

text: The site of Uruk was discovered in 1849. The name of lower Mesopotamia, "al-ʿIrāq", is thought to be derived from the name "Uruk".


title: Google Drive

text: Google Drive is a cloud service created by Google. Users may store files on Google Drive so that they can store their files on the internet. Many users find it is convenient to put files on Google Drive because they won't have to worry about losing portable hard drives.


title: Hebe

text: Hebe (; ) is the goddess of youth in Greek mythology. Her parents were Zeus and Hera. Hebe was the cupbearer of the gods, serving them nectar and ambrosia whenever they feasted. Hebe was married to the hero Herakles when he went to Olympus and after their marriage she bore him twin sons Alexiares and Anicetus. Her Roman equivalent is Juventas.


title: Jack Sparrow

text: Jack Sparrow is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the "Pirates of the Caribbean" movie series. The character was created by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio. He is played by Johnny Depp.


title: Ig Nobel Prize

text: The Ig Nobel Prize is a parody of the Nobel Prize, which is awarded every autumn to celebrate ten unusual or trivial achievements in scientific research. Since 1991, the Ig Nobel Prizes have been awarded to “honor achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think.” The name of the award, the “Ig Nobel Prize” ( ) is a pun on the word "ignoble", an achievement “characterized by baseness, lowness, or meanness”, and is satirical social criticism that identifies absurd-sounding, yet useful research and knowledge.


title: Jack Sparrow

text: Sparrow is based on a combination of The Rolling Stones' guitarist Keith Richards and Looney Tunes cartoon character Pepé Le Pew. He first appears in the 2003 movie "". He later appears in the sequels "" (2006), "" (2007), "" (2011), and "" (2017).


title: Ig Nobel Prize

text: Organized by the scientific humor magazine, the "Annals of Improbable Research" (AIR), the Ig Nobel Prizes are presented by Nobel laureates in a ceremony at the Sanders Theater, Harvard University, and are followed by the winners’ public lectures at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.


title: Jack Sparrow

text: Sparrow is one of the nine pirate lords in the Brethren Court, the Pirate Lords of the Seven Seas. He is the caption of the "Black Pearl" and his main enemy is Hector Barbossa. Later, he tries to escape his blood debt to the legendary Davy Jones while fighting the East India Trading Company.


title: Emirate of Granada

text: The Emirate of Granada was an Islamic kingdom established in 1238. As the Reconquista was very successful after the conquest of Cordoba in 1236, the emirate officially became a tributary state in 1238 and was called the Kingdom of Granada. The Nasrid emirs and kings were responsible for building most of the palaces in the Alhambra. The "taifa" became a vassal state of the Christian kingdom of Castile for the next 250 years. The Nasrid sultans and kings paid tribute to the Christian kings and cooperated with them in the battle against rebellious Muslim kings under Castilian rule.


title: Emirate of Granada

text: On January 2, 1492, the last Muslim leader, Muhammad XII, surrendered complete control of Granada, to Ferdinand and Isabella, after the city was besieged in the Battle of Granada.


title: Battle of Agincourt

text: The Battle of Agincourt was fought on 25 October 1415 and was a major win for England against France in the Hundred Years' War. It led to several later English victories. Henry V of England led the English army and Constable of France Charles d'Albret led a larger French army. King Charles of France didn't engage because he was mentally unwell. Henry V was involved in hand to hand combat and was struck by an axe but his helmet saved him.


title: Alternative medicine

text: Alternative medicine describes practices used in place of conventional medical treatments. Some patients seek these practices along with conventional medicine. When the patient's medical doctor coordinates with an alternative medicine therapist, this is called "complementary medicine."


title: Neil Gaiman

text: Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman (; born Neil Richard Gaiman; 10 November 1960) is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, graphic novels, audio theatre and movies. His known works include the comic book series "The Sandman" and novels "Stardust", "American Gods", "Coraline", and "The Graveyard Book".


title: Battle of Agincourt

text: The English longbow was an important weapon for killing and winning this battle. It was more powerful than the French crossbow and they had more of them. The majority of the army were bowmen. The English army used sharp wooden archer's stakes to protect the archers from French mounted knights.


title: Alternative medicine

text: Alternative medicine includes practices that incorporate spiritual, metaphysical, or religious belief; non-evidence-based practices, non-European medical traditions, or newly developed approaches to healing.


title: Neil Gaiman

text: He has won many awards, including the Hugo, Nebula, and Bram Stoker awards, as well as the Newbery and Carnegie medals. He is the first author to win both the Newbery and the Carnegie medals for the same work, "The Graveyard Book" (2008).


title: Battle of Agincourt

text: The English took prisoners but killed all except those of high rank. Overall the French lost 8000 men and the English lost 100 but historians are unsure of the actual numbers. The French mainly lost because they wore heavy armour and got stuck in the sticky mud at Azincourt (Agincourt).


title: Neil Gaiman

text: In 2013, "The Ocean at the End of the Lane" was voted Book of the Year in the British National Book Awards.


title: Neil Gaiman

text: Gaiman is married to Amanda Palmer. He lives in Wisconsin and Cambridge, Massachusetts. He has a son and two daughters by his ex-wife, and a son from Palmer, his current wife.


title: Ole Gunnar Solskjær

text: Ole Gunnar Solskjær (born 26 February 1973 in Kristiansund) is a Norwegian former football manager and former player. He was most recently the manager of Premier League club Manchester United. He played most of his career for Manchester United. He also used to play for the Norway national team.


title: Gangkhar Puensum

text: Gangkhar Puensum is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Bhutan and Tibet. It is the 40th highest mountain in the world. It is also known as Kangkar Pünzum. The name means "White Peak of the Three Spiritual Brothers". No one has ever made it to the top of Gangkhar Puensum. It is the highest mountain in the world that has never been climbed.


title: Ole Gunnar Solskjær

text: Solskjær joined Manchester United in 1996. He played 366 games for the club and scored 126 goals. In 1999, he scored four goals in twelve minutes against Nottingham Forest, "the fastest scorer of a four-goal haul on record in England".


title: Gangkhar Puensum

text: Details about the mountain have not always been correct. It was first measured in 1922, but not all maps showed the same height. There was also confusion on the location of the mountain. Some maps showed it in different places than others. Due to this confusion, the first team to try to climb it wasn’t even able to find it at all. The present listed height and location are from China, as Bhutan has not surveyed the mountain.


title: Ole Gunnar Solskjær

text: With Manchester United, Solskjær won the Premier League six times and the FA Cup twice. He scored the winning goal in the 1999 Champions League Final.