title: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

text: Baldwin V of Flanders (1012–1067) known as Baldwin de Lille or Baldwin de Insulanus, was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 1035 until his death. Baldwin was one of the most powerful counts in France at the time.


title: Insei

text: , also known as "cloistered rule," is an ancient Japanese term which means a special form of Imperial government.


title: Horned lizard

text: The Horned lizards ("Phrynosoma") are a genus of lizard wlives in dry areas and deserts of North America. The female horned lizard lays her eggs in a hole in the ground.


title: Chilika Lake

text: Chilika Lake is the biggest brackish water lake on India's east coast. The lake is located in Odisha. It is attached to the Bay of Bengal. Part of the lake isa bird sanctuary.


title: Anti-satellite weapon

text: Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons created to destroy satellites for strategic or tactical


title: Jace Norman

text: Jace Lee Norman (born March 21, 2000) is an American actor. He played Henry Hart in the Nickelodeon television show "Henry Danger."


title: Cristero War

text: The Cristero War (in Spanish: Guerra Cristera or La Cristiada; ) is an internal Mexican conflict that occurred between 1926 and 1929, especially in the central and western parts of Mexico. The antecedents of the conflict began with the implementation of the "Calles Law", where the Catholic Church was prohibited from many laws, and also the tightening of articles 3, 5, 24, 27 and 130 of Constitution of 1917.


title: Dancing plague of 1518

text: The dancing plague (or dance epidemic) of 1518 was when a massive case of dancing mania happened in Strasbourg, Alsace (now modern-day France), in the Holy Roman Empire in July 1518. Somewhere between 50 and 400 people took to dancing for days.


title: Rakat

text: Rak'ah ( ركعة rak'ah, plural: ركعات rakaʿāt), consists of the prescribed movements while offering prayers to God (Allah). It refers to a single unit of Islamic prayers.


title: Saurolophus

text: "Saurolophus" had a 5 inch (13 cm) long bony spike extending up from its forehead. There is speculation that this spike was attached to a flap of skin that covered the nostrils and could be blown up for displays and noise-making. Many "Saurolophus" fossils have been found, including one with fossilized skin impressions, in Alberta, Canada and Mongolia, China.


title: Saint Alban

text: A priest was being chased by the Romans and Alban swapped clothes with the priest so he could escape. When they found out, the Romans ordered Alban to be killed. As he was a fine soldier, he was allowed to be beheaded by the sword than by the axe, because it was more honourable. When they cut off St. Alban's head, the executioner's eyes fell out into his hand, and he was blinded.


title: Lupe Fiasco

text: He has so far in his career won one Grammy. He has been nominated for eleven others. Altogether, Fiasco has earned 12 Grammy nominations. He has also won a USA's Character Approved Award, which had started that year. In total, he has been nominated for thirty-three awards.


title: Substitution cipher

text: Using this rule, the sentence "Jack and Jill went up the hill" is changed to "Etar tzn Evmm gkzc dw cuk uvmm". The Caesar cipher is one example of a substitution cipher.


title: Lesbian feminism

text: As far back as the 1890s, lesbianism was tied to feminism. This was most common from the 1970s to early 1980s (mostly in North America and Western Europe).


title: Ectasian

text: This period shows for the first evidence of sexual reproduction. The 1.2 billion-year-old Hunting Formation on Somerset Island, Canada, is from the end of the Ectasian. It has the microfossils of the multicellular filaments of "Bangiomorpha pubescens" (a type of red algae). This was the first organism that had sexual reproduction.


title: Copycat suicide

text: After a famous suicide, there may be more copycat suicides. This is called the Werther effect. Sudden rises in copycat suicides can spread through a home, schools, or even across an entire country. These are called cluster suicides.


title: IPad Air

text: The iPad Air is 7.5 millimeters thick, which is thinner than both the iPad 2 and the iPad Mini. It has a smaller screen bezel which looks like the one on the iPad Mini. However, it still uses the same 9.7-inch Retina Display as the previous iPad model.


title: Milltown, New Jersey

text: In March 2010, the Milltown City Council voted against changing the name of Petain Avenue. They said it would be difficult for the residents if the name changed. Petain Avenue is named for Philippe Pétain, a French World War I general who became the leader of the Vichy France government during World War II.


title: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

text: He was the son of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders and his first wife Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg, In 1028 Baldwin married Adèle of France She was the daughter of King Robert II of France. At her instigation he rebelled against his father, Baldwin IV, but in 1030 they were reconciled. When his father died in 1035 Baldwin succeeded him.


title: Insei

text: In the "Insei" system, the monarch abdicated or retired and a new emperor was named; however, the old emperor held on to significant power and influence in the court and in the nation. The emperors who withdrew from public life did not give up any of their many powers. In practice, the retired emperor only gave up the time-consuming burden of his ceremonial roles and formal duties.


title: Horned lizard

text: The horned lizard has strong armor to protect it from its enemies. It has pointed scales, as well as horns behind its head.


title: Anti-satellite weapon

text: purposes. Few counties such as India, Russia, China, and the United States have successfully shot down their own satellites.


title: Cristero War

text: The rural population of central Mexico was in favor of the church and they were against the implemented Law. This conflict was also involved in the U.S Ambassador in Mexico Dwight Morrow would break relations with the Government of the President Calles and the Church, in 1929 the "Conflict" ended of the firm of Treaty between the Federal government of Mexico and Archbishop Ruiz y Flóres to the cessed the Fire and the disintegrated the "Cristeros".


title: Dancing plague of 1518

text: The outbreak began in July 1518 when a woman began to dance randomly in a street in Strasbourg. Some sources claim that, for a short time, the plague killed around fifteen people per day; however, the sources of the city of Strasbourg at the time of the events did not mention the number of deaths, or even if there were any deaths.


title: Saint Alban

text: The bones of Alban were kept in a shrine in St Albans Abbey. They were stolen during the 19th century.


title: Substitution cipher

text: Substitution ciphers are not safe enough to use for important messages. Substitution ciphers can be broken by an idea called "frequency analysis". Some letters are more common than others in English sentences: "E" is the most common, then "T", then "A", and so on. A message that has been changed by a substitution cipher will have different common letters, but this gives a hint about the rule. The most common letters in the changed message are likely to be the most common letters in English. Breaking "cryptograms" (messages hidden with a substitution cipher) is a common puzzle often found in newspapers.


title: IPad Air

text: The iPad Air can run iOS 12. It can act as a mobile hotspot, sharing its internet connection over Wifi, USB, or Bluetooth. It can have access to the App Store, where users can buy and download mobile applications onto their device.


title: Milltown, New Jersey

text: Milltown borough has a total area of of land and of water. The borough borders North Brunswick Township to the west and East Brunswick Township to the east.


title: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

text: While Eustace I, Count of Boulogne was usually at odds with Baldwin IV, he and Baldwin V had friendly relations. They signed each other's and worked together several times. Eustace I signed three charters of Baldwin's which limited the power of .


title: Insei

text: There were emperors who abdicated before and after the Heian period; however, the term "Insei" is most often used to mean the kind of Imperial system put in place by Emperor Shirakawa in 1086. This system was very important in the years before the rise of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192.


title: Cristero War

text: Note: The mayor battles of the "Cristero War" ocurred in the States of Zacatecas, Colima, Guanajuato and Jalisco.


title: Substitution cipher

text: For this example, capital letters are used for unknown letters, and lowercase letters are used to denote letters we know or can guess.


title: Milltown, New Jersey

text: The government of Milltown consists of a Mayor and a Borough Council. The council has six members. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. In the 2009 election for governor, Republican Chris Christie received 56.2% of the vote (1,684 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 33% (982 votes). Independent Chris Daggett received 261 votes (.09%). In this election 49% of registered voters came out to cast their votes.


title: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

text: Flanders under Baldwin V did not have very good relations with England. Baldwin gave refuge to England's and even gave them ships and men at times. He protected Queen Emma 1036-1040 as well as her two sons Alfred and Harthacnut. When Earl Godwin, Earl of Wessex and his family were exiled by Edward the Confessor in 1051-2, Baldwin welcomed them. He also helped them to prepare their return to England. In turn Edward the Confessor positioned his fleet off the coast of Flanders while Baldwin V was warring with Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor in 1049. This threat caused Baldwin to sue for peace with the Emperor.


title: Substitution cipher

text: By counting up the letters, we see that the most common is I, which we will guess is an e. X is also quite common, and XLI is found many times; we guess that this is the, the most common three-letter group in English.


title: Milltown, New Jersey

text: The Milltown Public Schools serves students in public school for Kindergarten through eighth grade. For ninth through twelfth grades, public school students attend Spotswood High School in Spotswood.


title: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

text: Baldwin V had a great deal of influence due in part to several marriages alliance between Flanders and England, France and Germany. He was close to his , Henry I,the king of France. From 1060 to 1067 Baldwin was the Regent for his nephew Philip I of France. In 1051 Baldwin had Richildis, the widow of Count Herman of Hainault, to marry his son Baldwin VI. This gave him control of Hainault through his son. This also led to a series of conflicts between Baldwin V and Emperor Henry III, as Hainault was part of the Holy Roman Empire. After a series of defeats Henry III withdrew back to Germany and died a short time later. In 1056 Baldwin received the whole of the Schelt march as a fief from Agnes of Poitou, regent for her son Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Baldwin's daughter Matilda married William I of England, later king of England. At first the marriage was banned by Pope Leo IX. He did not give a reason but it was probably because the two were cousins. Some time between 1050 and 1052 the two married despite the ban. Although Baldwin allowed some Flemish support for his Norman conquest of England relations between Baldwin and his son-in-law William the Conqueror were not that friendly. The English king was wary of Baldwin's growing power. But by then Baldwin was growing old. He died 1 September 1067.


title: Substitution cipher

text: E is the second most common letter. We already have a guess for e and t, so we guess that E is a. We now have:


title: Milltown, New Jersey

text: New Jersey Transit provides local bus service on weekdays along the 811 route and Coach USA Suburban Transit provides NYC rush-hour commuter service on the 400 route.


title: Substitution cipher

text: We can now make some more guesses: heVe may be here; Rtate may be state, and atthattMZe could be atthattime. Filling in these guesses, we get:


title: Substitution cipher

text: "Here upon le grand arose with a grave and stately air and brought me the beetlefrom a glass case in which it was enclosed. It was a beautiful scarabaeus andat that time unknown to naturalists of course; a great prize in a scientificpoint of view. There were two round black spots near one extremity of the backand a long one near the other. The scales were exceedingly hard and glossy withall the appearance of burnished gold. The weight of the insect was veryremarkable and taking all things into consideration I could hardly blame jupiterfor his opinion respecting it." (The Gold-Bug)


title: Substitution cipher

text: If we had made a wrong guess, we would have found out at some point, and could go back and make a new guess.


title: Ribbon

text: Ribbons are mostly used for tying or decorating things. Ribbons can be used to tie a person's hair, decorate clothing or uniforms, or to tie up packages. A typewriter uses a cloth or plastic ribbon to hold the ink.


title: Maniraptora

text: Maniraptors ("hand snatchers") is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs starting in the Jurassic period.


title: Bank and Monument stations

text: Bank and Monument are interlinked stations, officially one station known operationally as the "Bank-Monument complex". However, separate names are used on station entrances, platforms and the tube map. The complex spans the length of King William Street in the City of London. Together they form the eighth busiest station on the network, being served by five London Underground lines and the Docklands Light Railway (DLR).


title: Candomblé

text: Candomblé is an African-inspired or Afro-Brazilian religion, practiced chiefly in Brazil. The religion originated in the city of Salvador, the capital of Bahia.


title: Cinderella II: Dreams Come True

text: Cinderella II: Dreams Come True is the first sequel to Disney's animated movie "Cinderella". It was going to be a TV show but it was canceled. no . Another sequel, "", was made in 2007.


title: Bilby

text: The bilby (also known as the rabbit-eared bandicoot) is a rabbit-like marsupial. It lives in deserts, dry forests, dry grasslands, and dry shrubby areas in Australia. The bilby's pouch faces backwards. These big-eared, burrowing mammals were in danger of extinction, but now they are back living in New South Wales.


title: Hans Lammers

text: Hans Heinrich Lammers (German ; Hans Heinrich Lammers ; Born ; 27 May 1879 in Lubliniec,Silesia,Prussia, Germany (Today Poland)–Died ; 4 January 1962 in Düsseldorf,North Rhine-Westphalia,West Germany) was a Nazi German politician and a cruel Nazi War Criminal . He was a member of Hitler's Cabinet he was also a SS-Obergruppenführer in the Schutzstaffel/SS Secret Police . Hans Heinrich Lammers was on 27 May 1879 in Lublinitz in Silesia,Prussia in the German Empire (Now Today : Poland) he joined the Imperial German Army in 1914 during The Great War at age 35 when Germany and Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia,Russia and France after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip a Bosnian-Serb . During World War I, he got the Iron Cross in 1914 . After World War 1 ended in 1918 and when Kaiser Wilhelm II was exiled to the Netherlands and stayed in the Netherlands until 1941 when Kaiser Wilhelm II died at age 82 just a year after the Battle of France in 1940 and 21 year’s after World War 1 ended in 1918 . Hans Lammers was sentenced 20 year’s but 10 years from 1949-1959 instead and he died in 1962 at the age of 82 just 17 year’s after World War 2 and the Holocaust ended in 1945 .


title: Babbitt metal

text: Babbitt metal is a metal that has very little friction. It is used for bearings. It can be made from tin, copper, antimony, or lead. Normally it is a certain mixture of these metals. It is very soft. There are harder and softer parts in it, though. This creates small holes where grease can go in when the soft parts rub away. An item with bearings could be a fidget spinner or a bicycle wheel.


title: Myelodysplastic syndrome

text: The Myelodysplastic syndrome is a group of diseases and conditions that affect how blood is made. These diseases were formerly known as preleukemia, mostly because sometimes they can lead to leukemia. Often, its name is shortened to MDS.


title: Danny Masterson

text: Daniel Peter "Danny" Masterson (born March 13, 1976) is an American former actor and disc jockey. He is known for his role as Steven Hyde in "That '70s Show".


title: Boeing 247

text: The Boeing 247, sometimes called the Boeing Model 247 was an American airliner. It is thought to be the first airliner to fully use advanced things like able landing gear, an autopilot and deicing boots.


title: NMR spectroscopy

text: NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy is a type of spectroscopy that allows chemists to see the structure of a molecule. Certain atoms' nuclei have certain magnetic properties when placed in a strong magnetic field. Atoms like carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine can be detected in this way.


The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (transl. "All India Anna Dravidian Progressive Federation"; abbr. AIADMK) is an Indian political party. The party has a large amount of influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and union territory of Puducherry. It is a Dravidian party. The party was founded by former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran


title: Chris Murphy

text: Christopher Scott "Chris" Murphy (born August 3, 1973) is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously served in the United States House of Representatives, representing from 2007 to 2013.


title: Shulchan Aruch

text: The Shulchan Aruch (, literally: "Set Table") is a compilation of Jewish law, or "halakha." It was written by Rabbi Yosef Karo in 1563 in Tzfat (Safed), a city in the Galilee region of what is now Israel. It was published in Venice two years later. Rabbi Karo was a Sephardi Jew. His "Shulchan Aruch" provided a summary of Jewish law from the Torah and Talmud as understood by Sephardi Jews.


title: Enes Kanter

text: Enes Kanter Freedom (born 1992) is a Turkish basketball player. He plays the center position. He has played for the Utah Jazz, the Oklahoma City Thunder, and the New York Knicks.


title: The Weinstein Company

text: The Weinstein Company was an independent movie studio founded in March 2005 by brothers Bob and Harvey Weinstein after they left Miramax Films. The studio owned Dimension Films. TWC made melodrama, horror movies and raunchy comedy. Its division Dimension handled the genre movies.


title: Anne Francis

text: Anne Francis (September 16, 1930 - January 2, 2011) was an American actress. She was best known for starring in the 1956 science fiction movie "Forbidden Planet". In the 1960s, she starred in her own television series, "Honey West". She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work in that series.


title: Parity of zero

text: Parity of zero is the question whether the number zero is even or odd. General consensus is that the number is even. Even numbers are defined to be integer multiples of two. That way, the numbers two, four and six are even, because they are one times two, two times two, and three times two. With that explanation, zero is also even, because it is zero times two.


title: Percentage point

text: A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the difference between two percentages. For example, an increase of 40% to 44% is a 4 "percentage point" increase, but a 10 percent increase in the total.


title: National Liberation Front of Angola

text: The National Front for the Liberation of Angola , also known as National Liberation Front of Angola is a political party and former guerrilla organisation founded by Holden Roberto. FNLA fought in the Angolan War of Independence from Estado Novo and also fought alongside UNITA in the Angolan Civil War.


title: Maniraptora

text: Many paleontologists believe birds evolved from them some 150 or so million years ago. Hence, according to phylogenetic taxonomy, birds are by definition maniraptors, and the other maniraptors are their closest relatives. It is now known, from the Jehol biota, that many or all of this clade had feathers. They are often called dinobirds.


title: Bank and Monument stations

text: The two parts of the combined station take their names from the nearby Bank of England and the Monument to the Great Fire of London. The complex is in Travelcard Zone 1.


title: Cinderella II: Dreams Come True

text: The movie explores Cinderella's "happily ever after" life as a princess in three stories, with help from the Fairy Godmother. First, Cinderella's awkward first days at the palace, when she tried so hard to fit in that she forgot to be herself. Second, how Jaq felt so left out that he wished to be a human. Third, how Cinderella taught one of her nasty stepsisters how to smile which leads to her own true love.


title: Bilby

text: The bilby, like all bandicoots, is a nocturnal animal (most active at night). Digging with its strong, clawed feet, this solitary mammal excavates long, complex burrows. Its underground dens are up to 5 feet (1.5 m) long.


title: Hans Lammers

text: Hans Heinrich Lammers joined the Nazi Party in 1932 at age 53 during the Weimar Era Germany from 1918-1933 he was also involved in Night of the Long Knives in 1934 as well as Kristallnacht in 1938 . In 1940 at age 61 he became SS-Obergruppenfuhrer in the Schutzstaffel Secret Police under the command of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler and deputy head of the SS and head of the Gestapo Reinhard Heydrich . He was in the SS as a SS-Obergruppenfuhrer until April 1945 he was arrested by Adolf Hitler and removed from power by the Waffen-SS possibly before Battle of Berlin . He was going to be sentenced 20 year’s in prison but 10 year’s instead from 1949-1959 since he was a Old aged man .


title: Myelodysplastic syndrome

text: Myelodysplastic syndromes affect the bone marrow stem cells. The production of blood does not rely on good stem cells, but ones that have been modified genetically. This means that the production of red blood cells, sometimes of white blood cells and blood platelets changed. The production becomes inefficient, or goes wrong altogether. Most of the time, this manifests in anemia - not having enough blood. Depending on the severity of the condition, it can also cause hemorrhages and infections with fever.


title: Danny Masterson

text: On June 17, 2020, Masterson was charged with raping a 23-year-old woman in 2001, a 28-year-old woman in early 2003 and a 23-year-old woman in late 2003. The three counts come after a three-year investigation beginning in 2017.


title: Boeing 247

text: The Boeing 247 first flew on February 8, 1933. It started being used later that year. Later, planes became bigger and some had four engines. However, no big changes were made until Boeing made the Boeing 307 Stratoliner.


title: NMR spectroscopy

text: A chemical sample is prepared by placing a tiny amount of the sample in an NMR tube. It is dissolved in a special solvent like heavy water (see deuterium) or chloroform-d, then the tube is placed into the NMR machine. The machine is a large magnet, like an MRI. Some atoms in the sample will become excited when it is in the magnet, and when the sample is removed, the atoms will go back to a lower energy state. A computer connected to the NMR can detect this change in excitement and it will cause different peaks and bumps to appear on the NMR diagram. A chemist can print this diagram and study the various peaks.


title: All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

text: The party has won a seven-time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. It is the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. It is also a part of the India-ruling National Democratic Alliance.


title: Shulchan Aruch

text: A few years later, a Polish Rabbi, Moses Isserles, wrote a commentary on the "Shulchan Aruch" called the "mappah" (literally: "tablecloth"). Rabbi Isserles's commentary provided a summary of Jewish law as understood by Ashkenazi Jews.


title: The Weinstein Company

text: After Harvey Weinstein was accused in 2017 of sexually attacking several women in Hollywood, then later convicted and sent to prison for his crimes, many companies, film makers, actors and actresses refused to work with Weinstein or his studio again, and many people in the company itself quit. The Weinstein Company was put up for sale and eventually renamed Lantern Entertainment, which is now considered a separate company.


title: Parity of zero

text: Another explanation is from number theory: The integers are arranged in such a way that even numbers are followed by odd ones, and odd ones by even ones. Zero is preceded by minus one, and followed by one. Both numbers are odd. So it must be even.


title: National Liberation Front of Angola

text: FNLA was founded in 1954 as the União dos Povos do Norte de Angola guerrilla movement, it was known after 1959 as the União dos Povos de Angola guerrilla movement, and from 1961 as the FNLA guerilla movement.


title: Maniraptora

text: The most primitive (basal) member of the group may be "Ornitholestes", and the most advanced (derived) of the non-bird maniraptors is "Velociraptor" and "Deinonychus".


title: Bank and Monument stations

text: London Buses routes 8, 11, 21, 23, 25, 26, 40, 43, 76, 133, 141, 242 and 388 and night bus routes N8, N11, N21, N26, N76, N133, N550 and N551 serve the station.


title: Bilby

text: Bilbies have the usual long bandicoot muzzle and big ears. They are about long. Compared to bandicoots, they have a longer tail, bigger ears, and softer, silky fur. The size of their ears allows them to have better hearing, and to radiate heat. They are nocturnal omnivores that do not need to drink water. They get their moisture from food, which includes insects and their larvae, seeds, spiders, bulbs, fruit, fungi, and very small animals. Most food is found by digging or scratching in the soil, and by using their very long tongues.


title: Myelodysplastic syndrome

text: Most of the people who have these conditions are 60 years or older, but younger people can get it too, especially if they went through a form of chemotherapy. Most of the suffers die from the disease, usually after six to thirty months. The only known cure is a stem cell transplant. About a third of those suffering contract leukemia within a few months to a few years.


title: Boeing 247

text: The Boeing 247 was an advanced plane. The design was taken from the Boeing Monomail (Models 200, 221, 221A) and the B-9 bomber. The Boeing 247 was faster than the Boeing P-12, which was the main American fighter at the time. The P-12 was did not have a roof on the cockpit, and it was a biplane. The Boeing 247 landed at just 62 mph. This meant that flaps were not needed. At just 10 mph, the back wheel came off the ground, which made it easier to steer.


title: NMR spectroscopy

text: Most NMR machines can only detect excitement from one type of atom. For example, an H NMR can only "see" hydrogen atoms. A C NMR can only see activity from carbon atoms.


text: The headquarters of the party is called Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai. It is located at Avvai Shanmugam Salai, Royapettah, Chennai. The building was givento the party in 1986 by the wife of Ramachandran, V. N. Janaki Ramachandran. She was a former chief minister of Tamil Nadu and the second president of the party.


title: Shulchan Aruch

text: Since 1578, copies of the "Shulchan Aruch" have almost always included Rabbi Isserles's commentary. Today, the name ""Shulchan Aruch"" usually means both Karo's work and Isserles's work together. This combined "Shulchan Aruch" is the most widely accepted book of practical Jewish law in the world.


title: Parity of zero

text: There is also a problem: The term "even" meaning "integer multiple of two" is a convention; people agreed on it. It is not a formal definition. Another case where people used a convention they agreed on was that of prime number: Before the 20th century, there were many inconsistent definitions of prime: Mathematicians such as Goldbach, Lambert, Legendre, Cayley, and Kronecker wrote that 1 was prime. The modern definition of "prime number" is "positive integer with exactly 2 factors", so 1 is not prime. This definition is rational: it naturally suits mathematical theorems that concern the primes. For example, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic is easier to state when 1 is not considered prime


title: National Liberation Front of Angola

text: In 1992, the FNLA was reorganized as a political party. The FNLA received 2.4% of the votes and had five Members of Parliament elected. In the 2008 parliamentary election, the FNLA received 1.11% of the vote and won three out of 220 seats.


title: Boeing 247

text: Also, the 247 was the first airliner with two engines which could fly on just one engine. The Boeing 247 had special propellers. It could fly at 11,500 ft at full weight. The Douglas DC-1 and some other airliners before World War II used parts of the Boeing 247's design. The 247 was supposed to carry 14 passengers and have Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet engines, but the plane was made smaller and got different engines.


title: NMR spectroscopy

text: An NMR diagram displays an x-axis with units of parts per million, or "shift." Peaks that occur farther to the left in the diagram (these peaks are said to be shifted downfield) represent hydrogen atoms that are closer to electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen, or connected to an aromatic (benzene) ring. Hydrogen atoms that are adjacent to other hydrogen atoms can split peaks as well. If there are n hydrogen atoms "next door" to a single one, that single one's peak will be split into n+1 peaks. For example, if a hydrogen atom is adjacent to three others, that hydrogen atom will be split into 4 smaller peaks, called a quartet. Hydrogen atoms that are part of O-H or N-H bonds won't be split, but they will appear on the diagram as a rounded lump, called a broad peak. By looking at all these factors in a diagram, a chemist can figure out what compounds are in his or her sample, and they can determine if the compound they have made is pure.


text: M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) founded the party at Madurai on 17 October 1972. It was created as a seperate faction of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. This was done after M. Karunanidhi forcted Ramachandran to leave the party for asking for accounts as party treasurer. From 9 February 1989 to 5 December 2016, AIADMK was led by former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa. She was the general secretary of the party. Jayalathaa was known as the "Mother of AIADMK" . She was very well liked by the people of Tamil until her death in 2016.


title: Parity of zero

text: It would be possible to redefine "even" in a way that no longer includes zero. However, in this case, the new definition would make it more difficult to state theorems concerning the even numbers. Already the effect can be seen in the algebraic rules governing even and odd numbers. The most relevant rules concern addition, subtraction, and multiplication:


title: Boeing 247

text: The pilots did not think that the plane, which weighed eight tons, could land on any runway back then. They also did not like the Hornet engines. This was because most pilots were used to Wasps. It was thought that they would find Hornets too powerful. Pratt & Whitney's chief engineer, George Mead, knew that the pilots were wrong. P&W's head, Frederick Rentschler, decided to do what the pilots wanted. This made an argument between Mead and Rentschler.


title: Parity of zero

text: Inserting appropriate values into the left sides of these rules, one can produce 0 on the right sides:


title: Boeing 247

text: Even though there were some arguments about the design and engines, the 247 was still a very good design. Boeing showed it at the 1933 Chicago World's Fair.


title: Parity of zero

text: The above rules would therefore be incorrect if zero were not even. At best they would have to be modified. For example, one test study guide asserts that even numbers are characterized as integer multiples of two, but zero is "neither even nor odd". Accordingly, the guide's rules for even and odd numbers contain exceptions:


title: Boeing 247

text: Boeing wanted to make the plane as safe as possible. They made the plane strong and put in things to make passengers more comfortable. For example, the cabin had air conditioning. It was also sound-proof. The plane had a pilot, co-pilot and a flight attendant. The wheels did not fully go into the plane. A part of the wheels hung down below the plane. This was done to make it safer for the plane to land if the landing gear could not be put down. The wheel at the back of the plane could not be moved.


title: Parity of zero

text: Making an exception for zero in the definition of evenness forces one to make such exceptions in the rules for even numbers. From another perspective, taking the rules obeyed by positive even numbers and requiring that they continue to hold for integers forces the usual definition and the evenness of zero.


title: Boeing 247

text: In 1934, Boeing put a Boeing 247 into the MacRobertson Race. In the race, planes raced from England to Australia. The pilots of the Boeing plane were Col.Roscoe Turner and Clyde Pangborn. The 247 was basically a normal plane, but some parts were taken out to make space for more fuel tanks. Many different planes from all over the world took part. Turner and Pangborn came in second place. The Douglas DC-2 came first.


title: Boeing 247

text: The 247 could go across the United States eight hours faster than any plane which came before it. The Boeing 247 started being used on May 22, 1933. One set a record of 19½ hours when it flew from San Francisco to New York City.


title: Boeing 247

text: The first 60 247s were sold to Boeing Air Transport (part of the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation, UATC). They cost $65,000 each. TWA (Transcontinental & Western Air) also ordered the 247 but UATC said no. TWA President Jack Frye asked for a new airliner. He paid Don Douglas to design and build the Douglas DC-1 prototype. Douglas eventually made the DC-3 line.


title: Boeing 247

text: The Boeing 247 was shown to have some serious problems with its design. Air carriers did not like the fact that it only carried 10 passengers. The DC-2 and later DC-3 could carry many more passengers. This meant that the Boeing 247 would not earn airlines as much money.


title: Boeing 247

text: Seventy-five 247s were built. Douglas got 800 orders for DC-3s from airlines before the Pearl Harbor attack. Douglas made over 10,000 DC-3s.


title: Boeing 247

text: Many of United's Boeing 247s were bought by Western Air Express. It was said that they were bought at a very low price.


title: Boeing 247

text: The 247 was used until World War II. The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) had seven 247s to move soldiers around. Some 247s were still flying in the late 1960s. These were either cargo planes or personal planes.


title: Boeing 247

text: November 9, 1933 - A United Air Lines 247 crashed after it took off. Four of the nine people on the plane died.


title: Boeing 247

text: December 20, 1934 - United Air Lines Flight 6, a 247, crashed near Western Springs, Illinois. Nobody died. The plane was fixed and started flying again.


title: Boeing 247

text: October 7, 1935 – United Air Lines Trip 4, a 247D, crashed 10 miles to the west of Cheyenne, Wyoming. It is not known why it crashed. Everybody on the plane died.


title: Boeing 247

text: December 15, 1936 – Seven people died when Western Air Express Flight 6, a 247D, crashed on Lone Peak in Utah.


title: Boeing 247

text: December 27, 1936 - United Air Lines Trip 34, a 247D, crashed in Los Angeles County, California. All 12 people on board died.


title: Boeing 247

text: January 12, 1937 – Western Air Express Flight 7, a 247, crashed into a mountain in Newhall, California. Five people died.


title: QBasic

text: QBasic is a programming language made by Microsoft which was included with Windows 95 and MS-DOS. QBasic is a more limited version of QuickBasic, released in 1985. While today considered almost obsolete, it is still a popular language for beginners and especially for educational purposes.


title: Lois Lowry

text: Lois Lowry (born Lois Ann Hammersberg; March 20, 1937) is an American author who was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. Her father wasn’t present in her childhood, so she liked to write about strong father figures in her books. She became interested in reading when she was very young. She had a lot of trouble with math.


title: OpenVPN

text: OpenVPN is a VPN protocol that is open-source. This means the source code is openly available for anyone to access and develop.


title: Adams–Onís Treaty

text: The Adams-Onís Treaty (also called the Florida treaty) was a treaty between Spain and the United States of America in 1819. This treaty gave the state of Florida to the United States. It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries. It established the U.S- Mexican border.


title: Chehel Sotoun

text: Chehel Sotoun (or 'Chihil Sutun') is a pavilion in Isfahan, Iran. It is in the middle of a park at the end of a long pool. It was built by Shah Abbas II for his entertainment and receptions. In this palace, Shah Abbas II and his successors would receive dignitaries and ambassadors, either on the terrace or in one of the stately reception halls.


title: James Ingram

text: James Edward Ingram (February 16, 1952 – January 29, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor and keyboardist. He won two Grammy Awards and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song two times. Ingram was born in Akron, Ohio.


title: Ed Kemper

text: Edmund Emil Kemper III (born December 18, 1948), is an American serial killer, suspected cannibal and necrophile who committed the murder of numerous women in the early 1970s, as well as the murders of his mother and paternal grandparents. He killed up to 10 individuals in total.


title: Koronadal

text: Koronadal, also referred to as Koronadal City and popularly known as Marbel, is the capital city of South Cotabato Province in Soccsksargen Region in Mindanao Island in the Philippines.


title: Perses (Titan)

text: Perses () was the Titan god of destruction. His parents were Krios and the Okeanid Eurybia. He was a member of the second generation of Titans. His wife was Asteria. Their daughter was Hecate, goddess of magic and witchcraft.


title: Linda Kozlowski

text: Linda Kozlowski (born January 7, 1958) is an American former actress. She has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award. She is known for her role as Sue Charlton in ""Crocodile" Dundee".


title: Ballast

text: A Ballast is a large resistor that regulates the amount of electrical current in a circuit. Most ballasts are used for fluorescent lamps to regulate the current thru it, which might rise to a dangerous level and burn it out.


title: Dominant (music)

text: The dominant in music is the fifth note of a major or minor scale. In a C scale, the fifth and dominant note will be G. Chords built on this note are called dominant chords. In the key of C, the dominant chord will be G-B-D. Keys have the same relationship as notes, so the dominant key will be the key of the fifth note. So in C, the key of G is the dominant key. In musical theory, the dominant is written with the roman numeral "V".


title: Jihadism

text: "Jihadism" (also "jihadist movement", "jihadi movement" and variants) is a 21st-century neologism found in Western languages to describe Islamist movements seen by the military to be "rooted in Islam" and a threat to the West.


title: Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)

text: "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on their 1965 album "Rubber Soul". It was mainly written by John Lennon, but listed as being written by Lennon–McCartney. The song was influenced by the lyrics of Bob Dylan. The song had a sitar played by George Harrison, which was the first time this had been done in Western rock music. The song was a number one in Australia, where it was released as a single. "Rolling Stone" magazine said it was the 83rd-greatest song of all time.


title: Echo sounding

text: Echo sounding is a way out measure the depth of water. This is done by sending out sound waves, and measuring how long it takes for the echo of the sound to come back. The speed of sound in the water is known, so the depth can be calculated. It is a kind of sonar. Note that the word sounding is used for all kinds of technologies, even though some do not use sound. Before echo sounding was used (in the early 20th century), sounding lines were lowered into the water to measure the depth.


title: Rutherford scattering

text: Rutherford scattering is the elastic scattering of charged particles. This is caused by the Coulomb interaction. It is a physical phenomenon explained by Ernest Rutherford in 1911


title: Lois Lowry

text: Lowry began her career writing about children who face major challenges. Most had to do with family. Her first novel was "A Summer to Die". It established her as an important author of young adult fiction. Her books cover many different topics, including the future, war, and humor. They are for young adults who want to read about serious issues. Lowry is a very successful author. She won the 1990 and 1994 Newbery Medal for "Number the Stars" and "The Giver". Some of her stories are based on her childhood, like her character Anastasia Krupnik in the book "Anastasia Krupnik". Some of her most famous books are "Number the Stars", "The Giver", "Gathering Blue", "Bless This Mouse", and "Messenger".


title: OpenVPN

text: An active community has formed around the OpenVPN project, which has kept it up-to-date and provided regular security audits to ensure it’s viability.


title: Adams–Onís Treaty

text: The treaty was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. It came at a time of increasing difficulties related to Spain's territorial boundaries in North America. This was with both the United States and Great Britain following the American Revolution. There were also tensions during the Latin American Wars of Independence. Florida had become a problem for Spain. It could not afford to send settlers or garrisons.


title: Chehel Sotoun

text: The name, meaning "Forty Columns" in Persian, was inspired by the twenty slender wooden columns supporting the entrance pavilion, which, when reflected in the waters of the fountain, are said to appear to be forty.


title: James Ingram

text: He had two number-one singles on the Hot 100. The first was a duet with fellow R&B artist Patti Austin in 1982's "Baby, Come to Me" and "I Don't Have the Heart", which became his second number-one in 1990 was his only number-one as a solo artist.


title: Ed Kemper

text: Kemper is widely known for his high intelligence and giant stature, standing 6 foot 9 inches (or 2.06 m) tall and having an IQ of 145, features that left his victims with little chance to overcome him.


title: Jihadism

text: The term "jihadism" first appeared in South Asian media; Western journalists adopted it in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks of 2001.


title: Echo sounding

text: The sound reflects off the seafloor and returns to the transducer. The time the sound takes to travel to the bottom and back is used to calculate the distance to the seafloor. Water depth is estimated by using the speed of sound through the water (approximately 1,500 meters per second). The product is divided by two because the measured time is the round-trip time (from the transducer to the seafloor and back to the transducer). The faster the sound pulses return to the transducer from the ocean floor, the shallower the water depth is and the higher the elevation of the sea floor. The sound pulses are sent out regularly as the ship moves along the surface, which produces a line showing the depth of the ocean beneath the ship. This continuous depth data is used to create bathymetry maps of the survey area.


title: OpenVPN

text: For the best security and privacy, you should use AES 256-bit encryption, which is essentially unbreakable and should also use a TCP 443 port.


title: Adams–Onís Treaty

text: The treaty was signed in Washington, DC on February 22, 1819. It was ratified in Madrid, Spain on October 24, 1820. The treaty actually went into effect on February 22, 1821. Madrid decided to cede the territory of Florida to the United States. This was in exchange for settling the boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Texas. The treaty established the boundary of U.S. territory. It recognized the claims of the United States through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean. In exchange the U.S. paid residents' claims against the Spanish government up to a total of $5,000,000. The United States also gave up its claims on parts of Spanish Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas, under the agreements in the Louisiana Purchase. Adams-Onis was a key event in determining the U.S.-Mexico border.


title: Chehel Sotoun

text: The palace has many frescoes and paintings on ceramic. Many of the ceramic panels are now in the possession of major museums in the west. They show specific historical scenes. There are also aesthetic compositions in the traditional miniature style which celebrate the joy of life and love.


title: James Ingram

text: He was also known for the song "Somewhere Out There" with fellow recording artist Linda Ronstadt for the animated movie "An American Tail".


title: OpenVPN

text: The TCP 443 port will make your connection similar to an https connection. It is essentially a secure connection which can help prevent website blocking and can help you bypass censorship.


title: Chehel Sotoun

text: The Chehel Sotoun Palace is among the nine Iranian Gardens which are registered as one of the Iran’s 17 World Heritage Sites. The nine gardens go by the name of "The Persian Garden".


title: OpenVPN

text: For greater speed, it is recommended to use UDP ports, and you can select the default, Blowfish-128 cipher. This isn’t the absolute highest level of security, but for most people, it will suffice and will operate significantly faster than AES 256 on TCP.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: San Pedro de Macorís is a province of the Dominican Republic. It is in the southeastern part of the country. Its capital city is San Pedro de Macorís.


title: Drew Hankinson

text: Drew Hankinson (born December 22, 1983 in Cumberland, Maryland) is a professional wrestler that currently works for New Japan Pro Wrestling under the ring name Doc Gallows and is a member of the wrestling stable Bullet Club.


title: Hudson, Florida

text: Hudson is a census-designated place found in Pasco County, Florida, in the United States. About 12,500 people live in Hudson as of 2000.


title: Aaron Kwok

text: Aaron Kwok is a popular Hong Kong singer and movie actor. He is one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Cantopop. He has been called "Hong Kong's Michael Jackson" for his dancing.


title: Eurasian Union

text: The Eurasian Union () is a project of political and economic union whose members are Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and could include other countries from Europe and Asia, such as, for example, countries that were once part of the USSR.


title: Intransitive verb

text: In English, an intransitive verb is an action that involves the object or person doing the action by itself. For example: "The door opened." (by itself) This contrasts with a transitive verb, where the action is done by someone or something else, i.e.: "The person opened the door."


title: Water on Mars

text: There is less water on Mars compared to Earth. Most of the water known is in the cryosphere (permafrost and polar caps). There is no liquid water. There is only a small amount of water vapor in the thin atmosphere.


title: Gang rape

text: Gang rape happens when a group of people (usually two or more) are involved in the rape of a single victim. It is reported all across the world.


title: Frequency response

text: Systems respond differently to inputs of different frequencies. Some systems may amplify frequencies of certain range and attenuate the other frequencies. The way that the system output is related to the input for different frequencies is called frequency response. Frequency response means a graph where can be seen how something changes in different sound frequency. It is typically used in loudspeakers. Also audio crossovers way to function can be shown with frequency response.


title: Joe Kennedy III

text: Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy III (born October 4, 1980) is an American lawyer, politician, and a member of the Kennedy family. He was the U.S. Representative for from 2013 to 2021. He is a Democrat whose district stretches from the western suburbs of Boston to the state's South Coast.


title: Great Artesian Basin

text: The Great Artesian Basin in Australia is the largest and deepest aquifer (artesian basin) in the world. It stretches over , which is 22% of the surface area of Australia. This includes most of Queensland, the south-east corner of the Northern Territory, the north-east part of South Australia, and northern New South Wales. The basin is deep in places. It may contain of groundwater. Its temperature ranges from 30°C to 100°C.


title: Malcolm Glazer

text: Malcolm Irving Glazer (August 15, 1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American businessman and sports team owner. He was the president and chief executive officer of First Allied Corporation. He also owned both the association football club Manchester United of the English Premier League and the American football team Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL.


title: Tor putitora

text: Tor putitora, the Putitor mahseer, Himalayan mahseer or golden mahseer, is an endangered species of cyprinid fish that is found in rapid streams, riverine pools and lakes in the Himalayan region and south Asia, ranging from Iran south to Sri Lanka, and east to Thailand. It is a popular gamefish.


title: Right to die

text: The right to die is the belief that people have the right to end their own lives. Usually, when people talk about the right to die, they are talking about the right of people with terminal illnesses to end their lives.


title: John Rutledge

text: John Rutledge (September 17, 1739 – July 23, 1800) was an American statesman and judge. He was the first Governor of South Carolina, following the signing of the United States Constitution.


title: Ma Dong-seok

text: Ma Dong-seok (born Lee Dong-seok; March 1, 1971), also known as Don Lee, is an American-born South Korea actor. His career began with roles in "The Neighbor", "" and "The Unjust". Ma's role in the zombie movie "Train to Busan" rose his career to international popularity.


title: Intracranial aneurysm

text: Cerebral aneurysms, also called brain aneurysms, are a cerebrovascular issue in which weakness in the walls of a cerebral artery causes localized dilation or ballooning in the blood vessel. Small, unchanging aneurysms may produce very few symptoms. However, before a larger aneurysm ruptures, individuals may experience sudden or severe headaches, nausea, vomiting and vision problems. The rupture may also directly cause serious damage directly to the brain, usually from the bleeding itself-this is a hemorrhagic stroke that can lead to and may cause arm or leg weakness or paralysis and speech troubles. Cerebral aneurysms may result due to congenital defect, high blood pressure or head trauma. Onsets are sometimes sudden and without warning, and such ruptures are extremely dangerous and usually result in bleeding into the brain itself, leading to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which then constitutes a stroke. This condition may lead to death or permanent disability for some individuals.


title: Coonoor

text: Coonoor is a municipality in the Nilgiris District in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for its production of Nilgiri tea. This town is the second-largest hill station in the Nilgiri hills after Ooty. Coonoor is home to the Pasteur Institute of India. This institute is responsible for producing anti-rabies vaccine and vaccines for government immunization programs.


title: Matt Reeves

text: Matthew George "Matt" Reeves (born April 27, 1966) is an American screenwriter, director and producer.


title: Cooper pair

text: A Cooper pair is a pair of free electrons within a solid that act together as one quasiparticle and in large numbers give rise to superconductivity.


title: Stella Artois

text: Stella Artois ( ) is a Belgian pilsner beer. It has an alcohol by volume (ABV) of between 4.6 and 5.2 percent. It was first brewed in Leuven, Belgium in 1926. It is also sold in Britain, Ireland, Canada and Australia at 4.8% ABV. Stella Artois is owned by Interbrew International B.V., which is a part of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: The province has the same name of the capital of the province. In English, San Pedro is "Saint Peter"; "Macorís" was the name of a group of native people that lived in the Hispaniola. That name "Macorís", or "Macorix", was given to the river where the city of San Pedro de Macorís was founded..


title: Drew Hankinson

text: He has also worked for WWE where he performed under the ring name Festus and teamed with Jesse. He also competed under the ring name Luke Gallows and was a member of the wrestling stable Straight Edge Society with CM Punk, Serena Deeb and Joey Mercury.


title: Aaron Kwok

text: Aaron Kwok is one of Hong Kong and Asia's most important pop stars. Over the last decade or so, Kwok has won over a hundred music awards. As a solo performer, he has played in over 200 concerts around the world.


title: Eurasian Union

text: The idea was suggested in October 2011 by the Prime Minister of Russia, Vladimir Putin, but the idea was first proposed by the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, in a speech, in 1994, in Moscow. On 18 November 2011, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement in which they agreed to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015. The agreement talked about the membership of candidate states and created the Eurasian Commission (which is based on the European Commission) and the Eurasian Economic Space, which both started work on 1 January 2012.


title: Water on Mars

text: The conditions on the planet's surface do not support the long-term existence of liquid water. The average atmospheric pressure and temperature are far too low, which freezes water. However, it seems Mars once had liquid water flowing on the surface. This would make large areas like Earth's oceans.


title: Gang rape

text: Gang rapes usually involve three or more men as the ones who commit the crime. But women can also commit gang rape.


title: Frequency response

text: The frequency response will be represented by two numbers and measured in Hertz (Hz) which is the unit of measurement for one frequency cycle. The first number represents the lowest bass frequency while the second number indicates the highest high-frequency an audio product can produce.


title: Joe Kennedy III

text: He is the son of former U.S. Representative Joseph P. Kennedy II and grandson of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy. He worked as a Peace Corps volunteer and as an assistant district attorney in the Cape and Islands and Middlesex offices before his election to Congress.


title: Great Artesian Basin

text: The basin is the only reliable source of freshwater through much of inland Australia. The Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee (GABCC) coordinates activity between the various levels of government and community organisations.


title: Malcolm Glazer

text: Glazer was married to Linda from 1961 until his death. The couple had five sons together: Avram, Kevin, Bryan, Joel, Edward; and a daughter, Darcie.


title: Right to die

text: The right to die is very controversial. Most arguments about the right to die focus on these questions:


title: John Rutledge

text: He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, where he chaired a committee that wrote much of what was included in the final version of the United States Constitution, which he also signed.


title: Coonoor

text: According to 2011 census, Coonoor had a population of 45,494. The population's sex-ratio is 1,058 females for every 1,000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes consist of 27.92% and 23% of the population respectively.


title: Matt Reeves

text: Reeves began his career as a screenwriter for the movies "" (1995) and "The Pallbearer" (1996). He then worked into television as a director and co-creator of the drama series "Felicity" (1998–2002) alongside J.J. Abrams. Reeves has since directed the found-footage horror movie "Cloverfield" (2008), the romantic horror movie "Let Me In" (2010), and the science fiction sequels "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" (2014) and "War for the Planet of the Apes" (2017).


title: Cooper pair

text: Physicists explain superconductivity by describing what happens when temperatures get cold. The thermal energy in a solid or liquid shakes the atoms so they randomly vibrate, but this gets less as the temperature drops. Electrons carry the same negative electric charge which makes them repel each other. At higher temperatures each unbound electron behaves as if it were a free particle. There is also however a very weak attraction between electrons when they are in any solid or liquid. This is due to the way bound electrons distort the spacing of the atomic structure they find themselves in. At relatively rather large distances (many hundreds of nanometers apart) and low temperatures (near absolute zero), the attractive effect and lack of thermal energy allows pairs of electrons to hang together. This is called a cooper pair and it is a quasiparticle, that is it acts as if it were a new kind of particle in its own right even though it is made up of two fundamental electrons.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: San Pedro de Macorís was created as a Maritime District (a special administrative category that has been abandoned) on 13 June 1882. The 1907 Dominican Constitution change its status to province. It was part of the old province of Santo Domingo and of the El Seibo province before being elevated to the category of province with the municipalities of Macorís (later, San Pedro de Macorís), Ramón Santana and San José de Los Llanos.


title: Aaron Kwok

text: After graduating from secondary school, Kwok worked at the King Fook Gold and Jewellery Co. Ltd. His father, who owns a gold retail store, wanted him to gain experience in the business and eventually taking over the family business.


title: Water on Mars

text: There are a number of signs of water on or under the surface, now or in the distant past. These include stream beds, polar caps, spectroscopic measurement, eroded craters. Also, there are minerals which are often formed when there is liquid water (such as goethite), grey, crystalline hematite, phyllosilicates, opal, and sulfate.


title: Gang rape

text: Gang rapes are more violent. The sexual and nonsexual injuries to the victim are far more severe than in rape by one person.


title: Joe Kennedy III

text: On January 30, 2018, Kennedy delivered the Democratic response to President Trump's State of the Union address.


title: Great Artesian Basin

text: The water of the GAB is held in a sandstone layer laid down by continental erosion of higher ground during the Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous periods. At the time when much of what is now Australia was below sea level. The sandstone was then covered by a layer of marine sedimentary rock. This formed a confining layer, trapping water in the sandstone aquifer. The eastern edge of the basin was uplifted when the Great Dividing Range formed. The other side was created from the landforms of the Central Eastern Lowlands and the Great Western Plateau to the west.


title: Malcolm Glazer

text: Glazer died on May 28, 2014 in Palm Beach, Florida, aged 85. He had been in poor health since suffering two strokes in April 2006.


title: Right to die

text: Hinduism accepts the right to die for anyone that has terminal diseases and have no desire to live. Other religions, however, vary in the tolerance of this right, and some call suicide a sin.


title: John Rutledge

text: He served as an Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court, and was the second Chief Justice of the Court from July to December 1795. He was the elder brother of Edward Rutledge, a signatory of the Declaration of Independence.


title: Matt Reeves

text: In February 2017, Warner Bros. announced that Reeves would direct "The Batman", released in 2022 and starring Robert Pattinson as the titular character.


title: Cooper pair

text: Many overlapping cooper pairs can exist in the same nanometer sized space. Since paired electrons constitute a boson the motions of all of the cooper pairs within a single superconductor synchronise and they function as if they are a single entity. This is known as the Bose–Einstein condensation. The Cooper pairs form this condensate, which is superfluid or super-conducting. Small disturbances such as scattering of electrons are forbidden in this state as long as the temperature remains low. It moves as one showing no resistance to its motion. It is hence now a superconductor.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: Consuelo was made a municipality in 1996, Quisqueya in 1998 and Guayacanes in 1992. In 2000, El Puerto became a municipal district and Gautier in 2002.


title: Aaron Kwok

text: In 1984, Aaron Kwok joined a dancer training course at HK-TVB, where his talent for dancing was shown. There, Kwok performed in PVs and a variety of TV shows. In 1985, Kwok's outstanding performance in a pageant show was spotted. He was transferred to the acting department of the talent training course and became a TV actor, where he played a few roles in Chinese television drama shows.


title: Water on Mars

text: The Mars flybys such as Viking, Mars Odyssey, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Express, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter had cameras. They took pictures of what seem to be ancient lakes, ancient river valleys, and widespread glaciation. An orbiting Gamma Ray Spectrometer found ice just under the surface of much of the planet. Also, radar studies found ice that were thought to be glaciers. The Phoenix lander showed ice on Mars when it was landing. Phoenix also showed ice melting, snow falling, and even saw drops of liquid water.


title: Gang rape

text: The United States reports a rape every 6.2 minutes. It has been estimated that 25% of all rapes in the United States are gang rapes.


title: Joe Kennedy III

text: On September 21, 2019, Kennedy announced his plans to run against Ed Markey in the 2020 Massachusetts United States Senate race. He lost the primary to Markey on September 1, 2020, making him the first Kennedy family member to lose an election in Massachusetts.


title: Great Artesian Basin

text: Most water enters the rock formations from the higher ground near the eastern edge of the basin (in Queensland and New South Wales). It very gradually flows towards the south and west. A much smaller amount enters along the western margin in arid central Australia, flowing to the south and east. Because the sandstones are permeable, water gradually makes its way through the pores between the sand grains, flowing at a rate of one to five metres per year.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: The San Pedro de Macorís province is bordered to the north by the Hato Mayor and El Seibo provinces, to the east by the La Romana province and to the west by the Monte Plata and Santo Domingo provinces.The Caribbean Sea is to the south of the province.


title: Aaron Kwok

text: In the early 1990s, a Taiwanese motorcycle CM gave him instant fame. He burst onto the music scene with his now-famous song Loving You Forever (called 對你愛不完 in the Chinese and original release) and the dance moves for the song. In the next few years, his popularity reached fever-pitch and he was soon ranked alongside the most popular artists of the time.


title: Water on Mars

text: Many Mars flybys and probes have found evidence of water on planet Mars. Mariner 9 found water erosion and deposition, weather fronts and fogs. Viking 2 landed on Mars in its winter season and found frost. The Mars Global Surveyor, which could detect ancient water, found that Mars has been dry for a very long time. On December 6, 2006 NASA released photos of two craters called Terra Sirenum and Centauri Montes that showed liquid water at one point in 1999 and 2001. Pathfinder found that water existed before on Mars. Pathfinder confirmed that where it landed it is too cold for liquid water to be. However, water could be in its liquid state if it were mixed with various salts. Pathfinder also found evidence of clouds and maybe fog present in Mars. Mars Odyssey found much more evidence for water on Mars. The pictures taken by Odyssey confirmed that the ground is filled with ice. In July 2003, at a conference in California, it was said that the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) onboard the Mars Odyssey had found large amounts of water over large areas of Mars. Mars has enough ice just below the surface to fill Lake Michigan twice.


title: Gang rape

text: A number of gang rapes happened in the United Kingdom. But authorities in the UK had not gathered data on gang rapes until 2011. An increased number of gang rapes were reported in the United Kingdom starting in 1996.


title: Great Artesian Basin

text: Discharge water eventually exits through a number of springs and seeps, mostly in the southern part of the basin. The age of the groundwater is got by measuring carbon-14 and chlorine-36. It ranges from several thousand years for the recharge areas in the north to nearly 2 million years in the south-western discharge zones.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: In (last national census), there were people living in the San Pedro de Macorís province, and 244,215 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km².


title: Aaron Kwok

text: Over the years, Kwok has also taken part in other mediums such as CMs and acting, especially with director-cinematographer Andrew Lau. Kwok has also done extensive public service and charity work, which is why he was amongst the winners of the Ten Most Outstanding Young Persons Award 2003.


title: Water on Mars

text: On August 4, 2011, NASA said they found seasonal changes. These changes were found in gullies near crater rims on the Southern hemisphere. This shows that there is salty water flowing and then evaporating. This leaves some sort of residue.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: Its population represents of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 7th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.


title: Aaron Kwok

text: In 2004, a string of concert dates earned Kwok a Hong Kong Dance Award presented by the Hong Kong Dance Alliance. Due to this success, Kwok toured again in 2005, receiving much praise.


title: Water on Mars

text: The Mars Ocean Hypothesis is a hypothesis that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by an ocean earlier in its history. The ocean, which is called Oceanus Borealis, would have filled the Vastitas Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere. The Vastitas Borealis is 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) miles below the planetary elevation. Oceanus Borealis dried up 3.8 billion years ago. Early Mars would need a warmer climate and thicker atmosphere to let liquid water stay at the surface.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: The largest city of the province is San Pedro de Macorís, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in ) of 185,255 inhabitants.


title: Aaron Kwok

text: At the Taiwan's forty-second Golden Horse Awards ceremony on 13 November 2005, Kwok won Best Leading Actor award for his role in the movie "Divergence". It was Kwok's first Golden Horse nomination and beat veteran Hong Kong star Tony Leung to win the honour.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: The San Pedro de Macorís province has a total area of . It has of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 18th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.


title: Aaron Kwok

text: Aaron won the Best Actor Award again at the forty-third Golden Horse Awards on 24 November 2006 for his role in the movie "After This Our Exile". He became the second actor in the history of the Golden Horse Awards to win the Best Actor Award year after year. Jackie Chan first achieved this back in the 1990s.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: The San Pedro de Macorís province is in the "Llano Costero del Caribe" ("Caribbean Coastal Plain"), a large plain in southeastern Dominican Republic where there are many savannas with grasses. There are not high mountains in the province, only some low hills.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: The rivers in this province are not very long but they have much water; their sources are in the mountains north of the province and flow south to the Caribbean Sea. The most important rivers are, from east to west:


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: Because in the province there are many savannas with grasses, the main economic activity for centuries was cattle raising. It is still an important activity in the province.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: In the last years of the 19th century, during the war of independence in Cuba, many Cuban and American companies came to the Dominican Republic to grow sugar cane and to produce sugar. San Pedro de Macorís is the Dominican province where there are more sugar cane factories and the port of San Pedro de Macorís became one of the most important port in the country.


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: In the city of San Pedro de Macorís, manufacturing is important, mainly cement, rum and in industries in the "Zona Franca" ("free zone" where the industries do not pay taxes and all the production is sent to other countries).


title: San Pedro de Macorís Province

text: In the Guayacanes municipality, tourism is important and there are many hotels close to the beaches, mainly in the Juan Dolio beach.


title: Fudge

text: Fudge is a kind of candy which is made by mixing sugar, butter, and milk. It is heated up to 240 degrees Fahrenheit (116 degrees Celsius) and beaten until it becomes smooth.


title: Belleville, New Jersey

text: Belleville is a Township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the township population was 35,928.


title: Promotion and relegation

text: Being promoted means moving up a league to one of a higher status. This usually happens when a team wins their league. Relegation normally happens to the team(s) at the bottom of the league at the end of the competition. They are moved down a league to one of a lower status.


title: Stegoceras

text: Stegoceras was a small, plant-eating dinosaur that had a large, thick-skulled head. This dinosaur may have butted heads with others of its kind in bone-shaking contests. Many "Stegoceras" and other pachycephalosaur fossils have been found in Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA.


title: Dong Zhuo

text: Dong Zhuo (; 139 – 192) was a general in ancient China. He took control over the imperial court of Han in 189. He was later killed by his own foster son, Lu Bu.


title: Wetsuit

text: A wetsuit is a garment used by scuba divers, snorkelers, windsurfers, and surfers to keep themselves warm when they are in cold ocean water. Wetsuits act as insulation invented by Jack O'Neill, and help the body to retain its heat. Wetsuits are made of plastic or rubber materials such as neoprene. Wetsuits include torso coverings, leggings, head coverings, and hand and feet coverings.


title: Yi I

text: Yi I (December 26, 1536–1584) was a Korean Confucian scholar. His mother was a famous calligraphist, Shin Saimdang. He was very intelligent as a child, learning to read at three and being very bright at his studies. He was also devoted to his parents: when his mother was sick, he prayed to his ancestors to heal her; and when his father was sick, he cut his own finger with a knife and let his father drink his blood (at that time, people thought human blood was very good medicine).


title: Roman villa

text: A Roman villa is a country house or mansion that was built and inhabited during the Roman Republic or the Roman Empire. In general the house has a courtyard, and all rooms are accessible from the coutrtyard. The entrance also leads into the courtyard. An example of such a villa, called "villa rustica" is shown in the picture. Villas were owned by rich people. Some of them even had mosaics, glass windows, central heating system (called hypocaust), and their own baths. The Roman villa was a precursor to the modern mansion. The romans didn't wash their baths so they were always dirty and sometimes people would urinate or poo in them . if they were in the sun they would get smelly


title: Evil empire

text: The "Evil Empire" is a term which was used by the US president Ronald Reagan (1911-2004). It is a synonym for the Soviet Empire, which consists of the "republics" of the Soviet Union and the "Council for Mutual Economic Assistance" (Comecon). Members of this "council" were satellite states, which where formally independent, but always controlled into the right direction by the Soviet Union with military, if they considered it as necessary.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) is a British multi-disciplinary institution, based in London. It is often called the Royal Society of Arts instead of by its long formal name. The front of the building uses the short name too — see photograph. It was founded in 1754 and was granted a Royal Charter in 1847. Notable members have included Benjamin Franklin, Karl Marx, Adam Smith, William Hogarth, John Diefenbaker, Stephen Hawking and Charles Dickens.


title: Mary Stuart Masterson

text: Mary Stuart Masterson (born in New York City, 28 June 1966) is a television actress and movie performer. She acted in the 1991 movie "Fried Green Tomatoes" (which got positive reviews by the critics). Her father was Peter Masterson.


title: 3OH!3

text: 3OH!3 (pronounced "three oh three") is an American electronic music duo from Boulder, Colorado, made up of Sean Foreman and Nathaniel Motte. They are best known for their single "Don't Trust Me" from their album "Want", which reached number seven on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Their second single, a remix of "Starstrukk" featuring Katy Perry from "Want", was a top ten hit in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Poland, and Australia. They gained further recognition by featuring Kesha on the song "My First Kiss", which was made the lead single from their album "Streets of Gold". The album later peaked at number seven on the "Billboard" 200.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: General/Doctor James Harold "Jimmy" Doolittle, USAF (December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American aviation pioneer. Doolittle served as an officer in the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. He earned the Medal of Honor for his valor and leadership as commander of the Doolittle Raid while a lieutenant colonel.


title: Maria Menounos

text: She has worked for news programs. These include "Extra" and "Access Hollywood". She has also been in many movies. Menounos was born in Massachusetts.


The Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS) is the official system used to write Thai words into the Latin alphabet, or romanization. Thai has certain vowel and consonant sounds and other phonemic features that do not exist in English. This means that saying a syllable with a different tone or vowel length can make a completely different word. For these reasons, romanization in Thai presented many challenges. The RTGS only uses the 26 letters in the ISO standard Latin alphabet to spell Thai words. It is used on all documents that require words to be written in the Latin alphabet, including road signs, maps, applications, etc. However, it has many problems. The system does not show tones or vowel length, both of which are phonemic features of Thai. It also does not tell some of the consonant sounds apart.


title: Tallis Obed Moses

text: Tallis Obed Moses (born 24 October 1954) is a ni-Vanuatu pastor who has been President of Vanuatu from 6 July 2017 to 23 July 2022.


title: Shin Saimdang

text: Shin Saimdang (; , 29 October 1504 – 17 May 1551) or Lady Saimdang Shin (, ) was an artist, poet, writer, and Confucian scholar during the Joseon dynasty of Korea. long time aged she was worship, honored as a symbol of wise mother and wife.


The 1936 United States presidential election was the 38th United States presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1936. The candidates were Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, and his running mate John Nance Garner, and Republican Alf Landon of Kansas and his running mate, Frank Knox.


title: Himalayan birch

text: The Himalayan birch "(Betula utilis)" (Bharch patr, Punjābi: بھوج پتر phūrcá), is a deciduous tree native to the Western Himalayas. It grows at elevations up to 4,500 m (14,800 ft). It frequently grows among scattered conifers, with an undergrowth of shrubs that typically includes evergreen "Rhododendron". The tree depends on moisture from snowmelt, rather than from the monsoon rains. They often have very bent growth due to the pressure of the deep winter snow in the Himalaya. The Himalayan birch is the state tree of Pakistani state of Azad Kashmir .


title: Stegoceras

text: "Stegoceras" was a herding dinosaur that lived in small groups in coastal and upland regions. Running was probably its first line of defense. "Stegoceras" lived during the late Cretaceous period, toward the end of the Mesozoic Era, the Age of Reptiles, about 76-65 million years ago. "Stegoceras" was first found in 1889.


title: Dong Zhuo

text: Dong Zhuo had been a successful warrior and general since his youth. However, he was defeated by Yellow Scarves rebels in 184 and was demoted. After the death of Emperor Ling, the eunuchs kidnapped the young follower Liu Bian and his brother Liu Xie. Dong Zhuo freed them and intimidated the kidnappers so they committed suicide by drowning in the Yellow River. Dong then brought the emperor and his brother back to the capital Luoyang and seized control over the court. Because Liu Bian seemed too stupid to him, Dong deposed him and made his brother Liu Xie emperor instead (Emperor Xian). In 190 he poisoned Liu Bian.


title: Wetsuit

text: When people are doing diving or water sports in areas where the water is not very cold, they may only wear some parts of a wetsuit, such as a torso covering or leggings.


title: Evil empire

text: The first known usage of the term "Evil Empire" was in one of Reagan's speeches at 1983. He proposes to continue the endless war between good and evil. This emphasizes that you need both sides to agree for an nuclear freeze. If only the US reduced their nuclear weapons, it "would be a very dangerous fraud, for that is merely the illusion of peace". In contrast to this illusion he stands for the reality. This means for him "peace through strength".


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The RSA was set up to "embolden enterprise, enlarge science, refine art, improve our manufactures and extend our commerce", but also to reduce poverty and secure full employment.


title: 3OH!3

text: 3OH!3 consists of Sean Foreman, born August 27, 1985, and Nathaniel Motte, born January 13, 1984, both of whom are natives of Boulder, Colorado. Foreman and Motte started their band in 2004 and named it after the 303 area code of Denver, Colorado.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: Doolittle was born in Alameda, California. He spent his youth in Nome, Alaska where he earned a reputation as a boxer. His parents were Frank Henry Doolittle and Rosa (Rose) Cerenah Shephard. By 1910, Jimmy Doolittle was attending school in Los Angeles. When his school attended the 1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field Doolittle saw his first airplane. He attended Los Angeles City College after graduating from Manual Arts High School in Los Angeles. He later won admission to the University of California, Berkeley where he studied in The School of Mines. He was a member of Theta Kappa Nu fraternity. Doolittle took a leave of absence in October 1917 to enlist in the Signal Corps Reserve as a flying cadet. He did his ground training at the University of California School of Military Aeronautics where he later received his doctorate. His flight-training was done at Rockwell Field, California. Doolittle received his Reserve Military Aviator rating. He was commissioned a first lieutenant in the Signal Officers Reserve Corps on March 11, 1918.


title: Tallis Obed Moses

text: Moses was originally from Port Vato, West Ambrym. He attended Primary School from 1964 to 1967. He later worked for the Teaching Service as a teacher in various schools, before attending the Tangoa Presbyterian Bible Institute in South Santo in 1978. He studied at the Sydney Missionary and Bible College in Australia from 1980 to 1981 and graduated with Diploma in Divinity and Mission. He later studied at Talua Ministry Training Centre between 1985 and 1986, graduating with a Diploma in Theology. He went back to Australia in 1989 and studied at the Alan Walker College of Evangelism, where he graduated in 1989 with Certificate of Merit.


title: Shin Saimdang

text: Her real name was Inseon. Her pen names were Saimdang, Inimdang, Imdang, Imsajae. She was the mother of Yi I, the Korean philosopher.


title: 1936 United States presidential election

text: Roosevelt, the incumbent president, was very popular. Many people liked his New Deal system. He won 46 states, 523 electoral votes and 27,476,000 votes. Landon, on the other hand, did not do well at all. He did not even win his home state of Kansas. He only won two states (Vermont and Maine), 8 electoral votes, and 16,679,000 votes.


title: Stegoceras

text: Images of the insides of "Stegoceras"' fossilised skull showed two layers of dense bone that encase a spongy sinus held apart by tiny struts, has led some scientists to doubt this interpretation.


title: Dong Zhuo

text: Dong Zhuo became arrogant and violent. He even forced the emperor to move to the city Chang'an as capital instead and burned Luoyang. Because of that, many warlords and Han generals all over the country formed an alliance to destroy Dong's reign. After some fierce battles, Lü Bu knew that his position was lost, and killed his foster father Dong in 192.


title: Wetsuit

text: Deepwater divers often wear full wetsuits that include torso coverings, leggings, head coverings, and hand and feet coverings. In very cold water, a scuba diver may need to wear a dry suit.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The RSA was founded in 1754 by William Shipley as the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, modelled on the Dublin Society for improving Husbandry, Manufactures and other Useful Arts. In 1774, it moved into a new building near the Strand in central London which had been purpose-designed by the Adam Brothers (James Adam and Robert Adam) as part of their Adelphi scheme. The address was 8 John Street (now 8 John Adam Street). The RSA is still in there, but it also occupies nearby buildings (2-6 John Adam Street, plus 18 Adam Street). The original building includes the Great Room, which features a magnificent sequence of paintings by Irish artist James Barry: "The progress of human knowledge and culture". The first occupant of 18 Adam Street was the Adelphi Tavern, which is mentioned in Dickens's "The Pickwick Papers". The former private dining room of the Tavern contains a magnificent Adam ceiling with painted roundels by the school of Kauffman and Zucchi.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: For conspicuous leadership above the call of duty, involving personal valor and intrepidity at an extreme hazard to life. With the apparent certainty of being forced to land in enemy territory or to perish at sea, Gen. Doolittle personally led a squadron of Army bombers, manned by volunteer crews, in a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland.


text: New Hampshire, which is next to both Maine and Vermont, came within 2% of voting for Landon. That is, less than 2% more people voted for Roosevelt than Landon.


title: Stegoceras

text: Computer tomographic (CT) scans on the skulls of "Stegoceras", along with a variety of modern animals were used to create 3D models of the animals' heads. The team was then able to exert virtual stresses to test how the different skulls held up.


title: Dong Zhuo

text: Dong's associates Guo Si and Li Jue continued to control the emperor, but they started struggles and the emperor escaped. He was rescued by Cao Cao in 196.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: In its early years, the Society offered prizes — which it called "premiums" — for people who could successfully achieve one of a number of published challenges. Captain William Bligh suffered the Mutiny on the Bounty while attempting to win a premium for shipping breadfruit from the East to the West Indies. He tried again and this time succeeded, and the Society awarded him the prize. The Society offered premiums for a very wide range of challenges including inventing new forms of machinery and agricultural improvements (which included seeking ways to improve the cultivation of opium poppies).


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Major General James Harold Doolittle (ASN: 0-271855), United States Army Air Forces, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility as Commander of the Northwest African Strategic Air Force since its organization. Under his guidance and direction, this Force has developed a high degree of efficiency and accuracy and brought about, in great measure, a critical reduction in the supplies and reinforcements needed by the enemy. General Doolittle's energy, good judgment, exceptional qualities of leadership and wholehearted cooperation were primary factors in the ultimate success of air operations during the Tunisian Campaign.


text: Landon's home state, Kansas, came within 7.72% of supporting him. Other close states were Massachusetts (which came within 9.46% of supporting Landon) and Delaware (which came within 9.77% of supporting Landon).


title: Stegoceras

text: Compared to some of today's big hitters, such as the Northern American bighorn sheep, Stegoceras' head was able to withstand the most stress.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The RSA hosted Britain's first exhibition of contemporary art which was a big success. As a result, the Royal Academy of Arts was formed in 1768 by Sir Thomas Gainsborough and Sir Joshua Reynolds — two early members of the RSA — as a spin-off organisation.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Flying Cross to First Lieutenant (Air Service) James Harold Doolittle (ASN: 0-271855), U.S. Army Air Corps, for extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight. On September 4–5, 1922, Lieutenant Doolittle accomplished a one-stop flight from Pablo Beach, Florida, to San Diego, California, in 22 hours and 30 minutes elapsed time, an extraordinary achievement with the equipment available at that time. By his skill, endurance, and resourcefulness he demonstrated the possibility of moving Air Corps units to any portion of the United States in less than 24 hours, thus reflecting great credit on himself and to the Army of the United States.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: It was granted a Royal Charter in 1847. In 1908, King Edward VII granted it the right to use the term "Royal" in its name.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Second Distinguished Flying Cross to First Lieutenant (Air Service) James Harold Doolittle (ASN: 0-271855), U.S. Army Air Corps, for extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight. During March 1924, at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, Lieutenant Doolittle, piloting a Fokker PW-7 pursuit airplane, performed a series of acceleration tests requiring skill, initiative, endurance, and courage of the highest type. In these test a recording accelerometer was mounted in the airplane and the accelerations taken for the following maneuvers. Loops at various air speeds; single and multiple barrel rolls; power spirals; tail spins; power on and power off; half loop, half roll, and immelman turn; Inverted flight; pulling out of dive at various air speeds; flying the airplane on a level course with considerable angle of bank; and flying in bumpy air. In these test the airplane was put through the most extreme maneuvers possible in order that the flight loads imposed upon the wings of the airplane under extreme conditions of sir combat might, be ascertained. These test were put through with that fine combination of fearlessness and skill which constitutes the essence of distinguished flying. Through them scientific data of great and permanent importance to the Air Corps were obtained.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The National Training School for Music in London was founded by the Society in 1876. This was later succeeded by the Royal College of Music.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting a Second Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Third Distinguished Flying Cross to Colonel (Air Corps) James Harold Doolittle (ASN: 0-271855), United States Army Air Forces, for extraordinary achievement as Pilot of a B-25 Bomber and Commanding Officer of the 1st Special Aviation Project (Doolittle Raider Force), while participating in a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland on April 18, 1942. Colonel Doolittle with 79 other officers and enlisted men volunteered for this mission knowing full well that the chances of survival were extremely remote, and executed his part in it with great skill and daring. This achievement reflects high credit on himself and the military service.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The RSA is probably best known for creating the RSA Examinations Board, now part of the separate OCR (Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations) Board, following the Society's launch of the modern world's first public examinations in 1882.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1948, takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Major General (Air Corps) James Harold Doolittle (ASN: 0-271855), United States Army Air Forces, for gallantry in action. Since February 19, 1943, when he took command of the Allied Strategic Air Force (Northwest Africa), General Doolittle, by his untiring energy, initiative and personal example has inspired the units under him to renewed successful efforts against the enemy. On April 5, 1943, the strategic air force was responsible for the destruction of forty eight enemy planes in the air and approximately 100 on the ground. This extraordinary achievement under the leadership of General Doolittle reflects great credit to himself and the armed forces of the United States.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: It devised a scheme for remembering the links between famous people and buildings by placing plaques on the walls — these continue today as "Blue Plaques" which are administered by a range of government bodies. The first of these plaques was, in fact, of red terracotta placed on the outside of a former home of Lord Byron (since demolished). The Society erected 36 plaques until, in 1901, responsibility for them was transferred to the London County Council (which changed the colour of the plaques to the current blue) and later the Greater London Council and most recently English Heritage. Similar schemes are now operated in all the constituent countries of the United Kingdom.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: Doolittle was also awarded the Bolivian Order of the Condor of the Andes, now in the collection of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The Society was instrumental in the preservation of West Wycombe, purchasing the entire village and handing it over the National Trust.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: In 1972 James H. Doolittle was awarded the Horatio Alger Award which is given to those who are dedicated community leaders who demonstrate individual initiative and a commitment to excellence; as exemplified by remarkable achievements accomplished through honesty, hard work, self-reliance and perseverance over adversity. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, Inc. bears the name of the renowned author Horatio Alger, Jr., whose tales of overcoming adversity through unyielding perseverance and basic moral principles captivated the public in the late 19th century.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: In 1936, the RSA awarded the first distinctions of Royal Designers for Industry (RDI or HonRDI). The honour gained royal endorsement in 1936, and "The Faculty of Royal Designers for Industry" was established as an association in 1937 to "further excellence in design and its application to industrial purposes": membership of the Faculty is automatic for (and exclusive to) all RDIs and HonRDIs. The Faculty currently has 120 Royal Designers (RDI) and 45 Honorary Royal Designers (non-UK citizens can be HonRDI): the number of designers who may hold the distinction of RDI at any one time is strictly limited. The Faculty consists of the world’s leading practitioners from fields as disparate as engineering, furniture, fashion and textiles, graphics, theatre and movie design. Early members include Eric Gill, Enid Marx, Sir Frank Whittle and numerous other household names.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: In April 1985, Doolittle was awarded a fourth star making him a full ranked general. He received the award from President Ronald Reagan and U.S. Senator Barry M. Goldwater.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: An example of the Society's success is offered by the "Oxford English Dictionary", which records the first use of the word "sustainability" in an environmental sense in the RSA's Journal in 1980.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: The Society of Experimental Test Pilots annually presents the James H. Doolittle Award in his memory. The award is for "outstanding accomplishment in technical management or engineering achievement in aerospace technology".


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The Society states that, 'Fellows attach the letters FRSA after their name'. Membership of the fellowship is considered an honour.


title: Jimmy Doolittle

text: The city of Doolittle, Missouri, located 5 miles west of Rolla was named in his honor after World War II.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: This was not, however, always the case. According to Sutherland Lyall in 2003, 'the Royal Society of Arts used to ask you not to use [the suffix FRSA] because anybody who pays the modest fee becomes a Fellow'. Being elected a Fellow currently depends on having achieved (or demonstrating the potential to achieve) a contribution to society in a cultural or arts-related sphere.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The organisation is Incorporated by Royal Charter, is registered as a charity in England, and has more than 27,000 Fellows living in around 70 countries who support the aims of the society, and who have achieved — or who have the potential to achieve — eminence in their profession or calling. Its Patron is currently HM Queen Elizabeth II, its President is HRH The Princess Royal (who replaced her father, HRH Prince Philip in 2011), its Chairman is Luke Johnson (businessman) and its Chief Executive is Matthew Taylor.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: Each year a number of medals are awarded, including the "Albert Medal", the "Benjamin Franklin Medal", and the "Bicentenary Medal". Medal winners include Nelson Mandela, Sir Frank Whittle and Professor Stephen Hawking.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: In Great Britain and Ireland, the RSA has offered some regional activities to encourage Fellows to interact with each other locally and to address local topics of interest. The UK Regions are: East of England, East Midlands, London, North East, North West, Scotland, South East, South West, Wales, West, West Midlands and Yorkshire; Northern Ireland, part of the UK, is treated, for historical reasons, as a single all-Ireland region — 'Ireland' — that includes the Republic of Ireland. The RSA also has a presence in Belgium (to increase its influence in Brussels) and, further afield, in Australia, India, Southern Africa and the USA.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The Society runs a free public events programme which seeks to introduce new and challenging thinking. These are made freely available on its website after the event as mp3 audio files and videos. Recent lecturers include Michael Sandel, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Sir Ken Robinson, Don Tapscott, Alain de Botton, Al Gore, Anthony Grayling, Zarine Kharas (founder of Justgiving), Amir Aczel, and Chris Anderson.


title: Royal Society of Arts

text: The choice of speaker for the recent annual Presidential lecture has been a matter of interest in the press. Danish professor Björn Lomborg, was chosen; his latest book, "Cool It", suggests that the imminent demise of polar bears is a myth. As president of the RSA, Prince Philip's first choice of speaker was Ian Plimer, professor of mineral geology at Adelaide University, but this was rejected as too controversial, as Plimer argues that the theory of Anthropogenic Global Warming is unproven.