title: Lewis gun

text: The gun fired about 500–600 rounds per minute. It weighed 28 lb (12.7 kg), only about half as much as a typical medium machine gun of the era, such as the Vickers machine gun. It could be carried and used by one soldier.


title: Lewis gun

text: During the first days of the war, the Belgian Army had put in service 20 prototypes (5 in 7.65×53mm and 15 in .303) for the defense of Namur.


title: Lewis gun

text: The Lewis was the first machine gun fired from an airplane. On 7 June 1912, Captain Charles Chandler of the US Army fired a Lewis gun from the foot-bar of a Wright Model B Flyer.


title: Stray Kids

text: Stray Kids is a South Korean boy group under JYP Entertainment. They are an eight-member band producing Korean music. They debuted as nine members on 25th of March 2018 with their debut album "I Am NOT." Their latest album is Maxident with Case 143 as the title track. The eight current members are Bang Christopher Chan, Lee Minho (Lee Know), Seo Changbin, Hwang Hyunjin, Han Jisung, Lee Felix, Kim Seungmin, and Yang Jeongin (I.N.) Former member Kim Woojin left the band in 2019 for personal reasons.


title: Visiting card

text: A visiting card is a small paper card with a person's name on it. They were used to let someone know that another person had come to their home for a visit. Some visiting cards had just a name on them. Some also had images.


title: Visiting card

text: Visiting cards are not used as much as they used to be. Business cards are now used the way visiting cards used to be used.


title: Visiting card

text: Before the industrialization visiting cards were hand made. Since the end of the 19th century production has become more and more automated.


title: Uncanny valley

text: The uncanny valley is a psychological theory about the effect involving art and robots and human emotions. As something starts to look more human-like, there is a point at which people start to feel it looks wrong. At this point, they have negative feelings toward the object. These feelings keep getting worse as the object is made to look more human-like. At a certain point, as the object starts to get very close to looking human-like, how people feel towards it tend to reverse and they have more positive emotional feelings towards it. The theory was created by the robotics professor Masahiro Mori in 1970. Mori’s idea was partly inspired by Sigmund Freud’s essay on The Sandman (short story).


title: Uncanny valley

text: One of the main points of the theory to explain this is that people are not as affected in an emotional way by the object if it is easy to tell it is not human. After a certain point, people start to feel emotionally about it, but feel negatively because it is so nonhuman. As it gets closer to looking human, they start to feel more positive emotions towards it. A graph of these feeling shows a valley. This is part of the reason for the naming of the theory.


title: Laurussia

text: Laurussia was a minor supercontinent which formed in the Devonian period. It is often called the Old Red Sandstone Continent or Euramerica.


title: Laurussia

text: Laurussia formed when 3 continents Baltica, North America, and Avalonia collided with each other during the Silurian. Baltica and Avalonia collided with each other first in the Shelveian Phase of the Caledonian orogeny. Then Avalonia and Baltica collided with North America in the Acadian Phase of the Caledonian orogeny. This drift of Avalonia closed the Iapetus Ocean and opened the Rheic Ocean behind it.


title: Laurussia

text: Laurussia became part of Pangaea in the Permian. In the Jurassic, when Pangaea rifted into two supercontinents, Gondwana and Laurasia, Laurussia became part of Laurasia. The Atlantic ocean opened up in the middle of Laurussia, causing it to split into North America and Europe.


title: Ionic compound

text: In chemistry, an ionic compound is a compound made of ions. They have strong ionic bonds between particles. Lots of energy (heat) is required to break the bond apart, resulting in high melting and boiling points. The ions join together because they have different charges. Compounds of metals and non-metals are usually ionic. They are made when two or more atoms come close together and an electron goes from one atom to the other atom. The electron does this because both atoms want a full outer shell, similar to those of the noble gases.


title: Royal charter

text: A royal charter is a legal document issued by the monarchy which gives certain rights to an organization.


title: Royal charter

text: When an organization, for example: a university, is founded there has to be an official document which lists the basic laws (the constitution) of the organization. If this document is given to the organization by the king or queen it is called a Royal charter.


title: Royal charter

text: In Europe Royal charters have been used to create towns ever since the Middle Ages. The date when the charter was made is thought of as the date when the town was founded (started), even if there had been people living there many years before.


title: Royal charter

text: Many groups such as the British East India Company were formed by Royal charter. Most British university operate under Royal Charters. This gives them the right to give degrees to the students at the end of their studies.


title: Royal charter

text: The BBC operates under a Royal Charter which lasts for a limited period of ten years, after which it is renewed.


title: Royal charter

text: Charities may also have Royal charters. They do not need to have one, but they are likely to be more successful if they have a Royal charter.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: Clostridium difficile is a species of bacteria. It is often called "C. diff" (pronounced "see diff"). It is a gram-positive bacteria which belongs to the genus "Clostridium".


title: Clostridium difficile

text: "C. diff "can live in the human colon (the large intestine) without causing any problems. About 2-5% of adults have "C. diff" living in their colons. However, in some people, "C. diff "causes serious illness. In these people, "C. diff "bacteria grow out of control in the colon. The bacteria attack the lining of the intestines. This causes a problem called "C. diff "colitis. Colitis is inflammation (swelling) of the colon.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: "C. diff "infection is getting more and more common in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities. It kills about 14,000 people a year just in the United States.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: The most common symptom of "C. diff "infection is severe diarrhea. "C. diff "infection can also cause fever, belly pain, loss of appetite (not wanting to eat), and nausea.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: Some cases of "C. diff" infection are not very serious. In other cases, people get very sick and even die. When people experience severe diarrhea from "C. diff" infection, they may become badly dehydrated (not have enough fluid in their bodies). This can damage the kidneys leading to renal failure. "C. diff" bacteria can also eat a hole in the intestines (perforation), which is very dangerous.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: Once a person has "C. diff" infection, they can spread the infection to other people. "C. diff "can live for a long time on surfaces like doorknobs, sheets, and medical equipment. If a person with "C. diff "infection does not clean their hands, they can spread the bacteria to other people on their hands.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: "C. diff" infection usually happens in people who are taking antibiotic medicine. Usually, the intestines are filled with good, healthy bacteria. These healthy bacteria keep "C. diff" bacteria under control. If antibiotic medicines kill the healthy bacteria, "C. diff" bacteria can grow out of control.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: "C. diff "infection can be treated with some antibiotic medicines. However, "C. diff" is an antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This means that many antibiotic medicines cannot kill "C. diff". This can make "C. diff" infection very difficult to treat. Many people with "C. diff" infection have relapses (they get better for a while, but then get sick again). This happens to about one in every five people with "C. diff" infection.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: Usually, doctors try an antibiotic called metronidazole as the first treatment for "C. diff" infection. About three in every four people with "C. diff" infection get better after taking metronidazole for ten days. When metronidazole does not work, doctors give other antibiotics, usually vancomycin or fidoxamacin.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: In severe cases of C. diff infection which do not get better with antibiotics, doctors may do surgery to remove parts of the colon.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: Fecal transplantation, especially for those with recurrent "C. diff" infections, has been shown to be more effective than oral vancomycin.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: Usually, "C. diff "infection can be prevented. Hand-washing is one of the best ways to prevent "C. diff" infection. If a person has "C. diff" bacteria on their hands, they can kill the bacteria by washing their hands with soap and water. "C. diff" bacteria on surfaces (like doorknobs and medical equipment) can be killed with bleach. Many hospitals and other health care facilities have special bleach wipes which kill "C. diff". Washing sheets and clothes with bleach and detergent also kills "C. diff".


title: Clostridium difficile

text: Alcohol does not kill "C. diff", so instant hand sanitizer and alcohol wipes will not keep "C. diff" bacteria from spreading.


title: Clostridium difficile

text: Hospitals and other health care facilities can also use ""C. diff" precautions" to prevent "C. diff" from spreading. (Precautions are ways of being careful.) When a patient has "C. diff", health care workers can keep the bacteria from spreading by:


title: Gunna (rapper)

text: Sergio Giavanni Kitchens (born June 14, 1993), known professionally as Gunna, is an American rapper and singer. He is signed to Young Thug's record label YSL Records, as well as 300 Entertainment and Atlantic Records. He released his first studio album, "Drip or Drown 2", in 2019. His second studio album "Wunna" followed in 2020. It debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200. His third album "DS4Ever" was released in 2022, becoming his second number one album.


title: The Cheetah Girls (group)

text: The Cheetah Girls started out as a 2003 Summer Line-Up movie for Disney Channel. Within the two years of release, it gained one of the biggest fan franchises in Disney history as well as on the soundtrack charts having a Double Platinum soundtrack and high-rated DVD release. After all of this success three of the original members Adrienne Bailon, Kiely Williams and Sabrina Bryan decided to reunite and record and a song for the "Disneymania 3" CD. Raven-Symoné however declined saying that "I want to work on my solo career right now. I loved being a Cheetah Girl but I don't want to be known as 'Galleria from The Cheetah Girls’, and as 'Raven Baxter' forever. Right now I just want to be Raven-Symoné."


title: The Cheetah Girls (group)

text: Adrienne Bailon (who at the time had a reoccurring role on "That's So Raven") claimed to "understand" but still said she was "disappointed" in Raven for not continuing what she started. However, the 3 remaining Cheetahs recorded "I Won't Say (I'm In Love)" for "Disneymania 3". They also kept their names from "The Cheetah Girls" movie. Kiely was known as "Aqua", Adrienne was known as "Chanel" and Sabrina was known as "Dorinda". After seeing how much of a response "I Won't Say (I'm In Love)" received, Disney quickly approached the Cheetahs for a recording contract. Raven was again offered her spot back in the group and again declined. This upset Adrienne so much that she quit as her role of Alana on "That's So Raven". The newly reformed Cheetah Girls signed the contract for one album with Walt Disney Records. The stage names Dorinda, Chanel and Aqua were also dropped at this time. Right before the release of their debut album they released a single for the "Chicken Little" soundtrack called Shake a Tail Feather, a re-make of an old Ray Charles song. Their debut album was a Christmas album titled Cheetah-licious Christmas. They also made a music video for their debut single also titled "Cheetah-Licious Christmas". They performed this single at the Walt-Disney Christmas Day Parade and were featured in The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. After the success of their Christmas album they were reported as signing to Hollywood Records (Owned by Disney but for more successful artists such as Aly & AJ and former Cheetah Raven-Symoné).


title: The Cheetah Girls (group)

text: At this time a Cheetah Girls television series was in the works as well. It did however convince former cheetah Raven-Symoné to return for television and film purposes only. The show filmed a total of 4 episodes when it was put on hiatus reason being "That's So Raven" being renewed for its fourth and final season. The Cheetahs (Including Raven) did however quickly meet up again for a sequel called "The Cheetah Girls 2" and recorded a soundtrack for the movie also. It is set to debut on the Disney Channel on August 25, 2006. Raven however left the Cheetah Girls after filming wrapped claiming "Lots of work" that had to be completed. The Cheetah Girls are set to go on a two month tour (it is unknown if Raven will join them) in mid-September of 2006 to promote "The Cheetah Girls 2: When in Spain" album. After that the Cheetahs are headed back to the recording studio to record their sophomore album. It is still not known if "The Cheetah Girls" television series will ever be picked up because of the falling out between Raven and Adrienne and Raven's separation from the group. If it is picked up, producers have stated that they will be writing in a major role for the newest 3LW member Jessica Benson.


title: The Cheetah Girls (group)

text: The sequel "The Cheetah Girls 3" is currently under script development and has been rumored to be a theatrical release. If production continues on "The Cheetah Girls 3" then all of the original cheetahs are under contract to return. It has also been rumored that if The Cheetah Girls 3 does well then production will continue on "The Cheetah Girls" television Series and that Jessica Benson may have a role written into this movie as well as the TV series.


title: Dame school

text: A Dame school was a private elementary school in English-speaking countries. The word "Dame" means a woman who has the title of a Knight. The children were usually taught by women and did not learn very much. The schools were most common from the 17th century to the 19th century. Most of these schools were located in Britain, the United States, and Australia. The Dame schools were also a common place for girls to be educated because they could not go to other schools, which were only for boys. The girls at Dame schools often learned how to sew or do other crafts.


title: Dame school

text: Dame schools were different—some were day care facilities overseen by women who were not literate, but other schools taught the students how to read and write. The differences of Dame schools in England were shown in 1838 by the Statistical Society of London that found almost half of all children surveyed were only taught spelling, with few being taught mathematics and grammar. Dame schools became less common in Britain after the introduction of compulsory education in 1870. Schools that were below government-specified standards of tuition were closed.


title: Dame school

text: In North America, "dame school" is a name for a private school with a female teacher during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The education at these schools could be good or very good. Most dame schools were in New England, where every child needed to be literate because of the laws. In the Southern colonies, there were not as many women who knew enough to teach the children.


title: Dame school

text: Motivated by their Puritan religion, some austrailian women in 17th century opened small, private schools in their homes to teach reading to young children. All children needed to know their religion and how to read because of the Massachusetts School Law of 1642. This law was later made more important by the famous Old Deluder Satan Act. According to Puritan beliefs, Satan would try to keep people from understanding the Scriptures, therefore all children had to be taught how to read. For a small fee, women, often housewives or widows, offered to take in children to whom she would teach a little writing, reading, basic prayers, and religious beliefs. These women received pay in coin, home industries, alcohol, baked goods, and other valuables. Teaching materials generally included a hornbook, primer, Psalter, and Bible. Both girls and boys were provided education through the dame school system. Dame schools generally focused on the four R's of education-"Riting, Reading, Rithmetic, and Religion". In addition to primary education, girls in dame schools might also learn sewing, embroidery, and other "graces". Most girls received their only formal education from dame schools because of sex-segregated education in common or public schools during the colonial period. If their parents could afford it, after attending a dame school for a rudimentary education in reading, colonial boys moved on to grammar schools where a male teacher taught advanced arithmetic, writing, Latin, and Greek.


title: Dame school

text: In the 18th and 19th centuries, some dame schools offered boys and girls from wealthy families a "polite education". The women running these special dame schools taught "reading, writing, English, French, arithmetic, and music, and dancing". Schools for upper-class girls were usually called "female seminaries", "finishing schools" instead of "dame schools".


title: Dame school

text: The first school in Australia started in 1789. The school was a Dame school where children were taught basic skills by a prisoner, Isabella Rossen.


title: Graphic violence

text: Graphic violence (also known as extreme violence or explicit violence) refers to when violence in media is vivid or realistic. T


title: Graphic violence

text: Examples of graphic violence include mutilation, bloodshed, and removing any animal or human body parts. Others include murder, suicide, sexual violence and assault by weapon.


title: Graphic violence

text: Graphic (or explicit) violence happens in movies, television, video games and on many news media related broadcasts. Examples of movies or television with graphic violence are "Intent to Kill", "Man Bites Dog", "True Lies", "Color of Night", "Hideaway", "Seven", "Crash" and "Starship Troopers".


title: Graphic violence

text: Video games that have graphic violence include "Mortal Kombat" games, "Killer Instinct games", "Grand Theft Auto" games, and "The Manhunt" games.


title: Graphic violence

text: There are several cases where movies may have been rated NC-17 for explicit violence. Few, however, have really kept the NC-17 rating. Those that have include "Intent to Kill" (1992), "Man Bites Dog" (1992) and "100 Tears" (2007 horror movie). Other similar movies have gone unrated. These include "Hatchet" (a 2006 horror movie) and "The Antichrist" (a controversial 2009 movie).


title: Graphic violence

text: Some video games were labeled 'AO' (Adults Only) by the Entertainment Software Rating Board because of graphic violence. Several reverted the rating to 'M' (Mature). AO means that nobody age 17 and under can play, buy or rent the games in question. An M means not suitable for under 17 audiences to buy, play or rent.


title: Murder of Pamela Buckley and James Freund

text: James Paul Freund (September 16, 1946 – August 9, 1976) and Pamela Mae Buckley (December 16, 1951 – August 9, 1976), formerly called the Sumter County Does and Jock Doe and Jane Doe were two people who died by homicide – a man and a woman. They were killed on a small dirt road in a rural part of Sumter County, South Carolina on August 9, 1976. They were named as Pamela Buckley and James Freund on January 21, 2021, at a press conference. They were both shot three times in the same way. Twice in the chest, and once in the back. They were shot with a .357 caliber revolver.


text: The male victim, James, was aged 29. It was guessed he was between 18 and 30 before his name was known. One dentist said he thought he could have been older than 27. His skin was an olive white colour and he had brown eyes and brown hair down to his shoulders. He was over tall and weighed around . He had a lot of work done to his teeth that was probably done outside the United States. He also had many scars on his back and shoulders, meaning he might have played contact sport. He was wearing faded Levi jeans and a red T-shirt. The shirt had the words "Coors — America's Light Beer" on the front and "Camel Challenger GT Sebring '75" on the back. It also had a Snoopy design. The shirt came from the Sebring Races being held at the time in Sebring, Florida, meaning he may have been there. He was wearing no underwear and had a pack of matches in his pocket from a "Grant's Truck Stop". This truck stop is thought to be in the Midwestern United States. He also had a ring on with the letters "JPF" written on the inside. This could refer to his initials James Paul Freund.


text: The female victim, Pamela Buckley, was thought to be younger than the male one, aged between 18 and 25 years old before her name was known. It was later found out that Buckley was 24 years old. She had reddish-brown hair down to her shoulders and blue or gray eyes. She had two moles on the left of her face. She had no scars and had never been pregnant. She also had not shaved her legs. She was wearing a white muslin blouse over a pink halter top. She also wore blue denim cut-off shorts. She had purple and pink Stride-Rite brand wedge-heeled sandals. Like the male victim, she was wearing no underwear.


text: Pictures, drawings and photographs of the pair were spread all around the U.S.. DNA testing found that they were not related to each other in 2007. in 2014, Police paused the investigation until it was known who the pair were.


text: They were buried in graves marked "Male Unknown" and "Female Unknown" at the Bethel United Methodist Church Cemetery in Oswego, South Carolina on August 14, 1977. This was around a year after they had died.


title: Brazzaville

text: Brazzaville is the capital city of the Republic of the Congo. One million people live there. Brazzaville is on one side of the Congo river, with Kinshasa on the other side. Brazzaville and Kinshasa are the nearest country capitals in the World.


title: Lausanne

text: Lausanne is a city in Switzerland. It has a population of about 140,000 people. The city is the capital of the district Lausanne. It is also the capital of the canton of Vaud. Lausanne is the fourth biggest city of Switzerland. The syndic of Lausanne (syndic is the French word for mayor in the canton of Vaud) is Grégoire Junod, from the Socialist Party, since 2016.


title: Jordan River

text: The Jordan River ( ', ') is a river in Southwest Asia that flows through the Great Rift Valley into the Dead Sea. Many people think it is one of the world's most sacred rivers.


title: Jordan River

text: The four rivers join to form the Jordan in northern Israel, near kibbutz Sede Nehemya. The Jordan drops quickly in a 75 kilometer run to Lake Hula, which is a little below sea level in the Galilee sea. Then it drops much more in about 25 kilometers to the Sea of Galilee. The last section has less gradient, and the river begins to twist before it enters the Dead Sea, which is about 400 meters below sea level and has no outlet. Two major tributaries enter this last section from the east: the Yarmouk River and Jabbok River.


title: Jordan River

text: In 1964, Israel began operating a dam that takes water from the Sea of Galilee, a major Jordan River water provider, to the national water carrier. Also in 1964 Jordan built a channel that takes water from the Yarmouk River, a main tributary of the Jordan River. This caused great damage to the ecosystem. Syria has also built reservoirs that catch the Yarmouk's waters.


title: Jordan River

text: In modern times, 70% to 90% of the waters is used for human purposes and the flow is much smaller. Because of this, and the high evaporation rate of the Dead Sea, the sea is shrinking. All the shallow waters of the southern end of the sea have been drained in modern times, and are now salt flats.


title: Jordan River

text: The water from the Jordan is a very important resource to the dry lands of the area. It is a source of conflict between Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Palestine.


title: Jordan River

text: In the Hebrew Bible, the Jordan is referred to as the source of fertility to a large plain ("Kikkar ha-Yarden"), called "the garden of God" (Genesis 13:10). There is no regular description of the Jordan in the Bible.


title: Jordan River

text: The Jordan is a frequent symbol in folk, gospel, and spiritual music, or in poetic or literary works.


title: Jordan River

text: Because the Israelites made a difficult journey from slavery in Egypt to freedom in "The Promised Land", the Jordan can be a symbol of freedom. The actual crossing is the final step of the journey, which is then complete. Also, the Jordan can mean death itself, with the crossing from life into Paradise or Heaven.


title: Amu Darya

text: The Amu Darya (, "Āmūdaryā"; , "Jihôn" or "Jayhoun"; , "Gozan" ), also called Oxus and Amu River, is a major river in Central Asia. It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj. In ancient times, the river was regarded as the boundary between Iran and Turan.


title: Amu Darya

text: In ancient Afghanistan, the river was also called "Gozan", descriptions of which can be found in the book "The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate".


title: Amu Darya

text: The name "Amu" is said to have come from the medieval city of "Āmul", (later, Chahar Joy/Charjunow, and now known as "Türkmenabat"), in modern Turkmenistan. "Darya" is the Persian word for "river".


title: Amu Darya

text: Amu Darya is a river almost in reverse. It gets its water from a powerful glacier fed stream high in the Pamir Knot at the eastern end of Afghanistan's "Wakhan Corridor", and does not end at the sea but spreads out into the sands of Turkmenistan's" Kyzyl Kum" desert instead of the inland Aral Sea as it did in former times.


title: Amu Darya

text: In the traditions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (hadith), the river is called by the name Jayhan (Arabic form of its ancient name Gozan).


title: Amu Darya

text: Historians tell us that one of the most ancient names for the Oxus or Amu in ancient Afghanistan was Jayhan. A name used by Greek, Mongol, Chinese, Persian, Jewish and Afghanastan historians. .


title: Amu Darya

text: The river's total length is and its drainage basin totals in area. The river is navigable for over . All of the water comes from the high mountains in the south where annual precipitation can be over . Even before large-scale irrigation began, high summer evaporation meant that not all of this discharge reached the Aral Sea - though there is some evidence the large Pamir glaciers provided enough melt water for the Aral to overflow during the 13th and 14th centuries A.D.


title: Amu Darya

text: Historical records state that in different periods, the river flowed into the Aral Sea (from the south), the Caspian Sea (from the east) or both, similar to the "Syr Darya" (Jaxartes, in Ancient Greek).


title: Amu Darya

text: About of land is drained by the Amu Darya into the Aral Sea endorheic basin. This includes most of Tajikistan, the southwest corner of Kyrgyzstan, the northeast corner of Afghanistan, a long narrow portion of western Turkmenistan and about half of Uzbekistan. About 61% of the drainage lies within Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, while 39% is in Afghanistan.


title: Amu Darya

text: This is because many of the river's major tributaries (especially the "Zeravshan River") have been diverted, and much of the river's drainage is dominated by outlying desert and steppe.


title: Amu Darya

text: The abundant water flowing in the Amu Darya almost entirely comes from glaciers in the Pamir Mountains and "Tian Shan",


title: Amu Darya

text: which, standing above the surrounding arid plain, collect atmospheric moisture which otherwise would probably have escaped somewhere else. Without its mountain water sources, the Amu Darya would not contain any water because it rarely rains in the lowlands that characterize most of the river. Throughout most of the steppe, the annual rainfall is about .


title: Amu Darya

text: was called the "Oxus" by the ancient Greeks. In ancient times, the river Jayhan was regarded as the boundary between Irān and Tūrān. The river Jayhan drainage lies in the area between the former empires of Genghis Khan and Alexander the Great, although they occurred at much different times. One southern route of the Silk Road ran along part of the Jayhan river northwestward from Termez before going westwards to the Caspian Sea.


title: Amu Darya

text: It is believed that the Amu Darya's course across the Kara-Kum Desert has gone through several major shifts in the past few thousand years. Much of the time, the most recent period being in the 13th century to the late 16th century, the Amu Darya emptied into both the Aral and the Caspian Seas. Sometimes, the flow through the two branches was more or less equal, but often, most of the Amu Darya's flow split to the west and flowed into the Caspian.


title: Amu Darya

text: People began to settle along the lower Amu Darya and the Uzboy in the 5th century A.D., establishing a thriving chain of agricultural lands, towns, and cities.


title: Amu Darya

text: The first British explorer who reached the region was a naval officer called John Wood. He was sent on an expedition to find the source of the river in 1839. He found modern day Lake Zorkul, called it Lake Victoria and proclaimed he had found the source. Then, the French explorer and geographer Thibaut Viné collected a lot of informations about this area during five expeditions between 1856 and 1862.


title: Amu Darya

text: The Soviet Union became the ruling power in the 20th century. The Soviet Union fell in the 1990s and Central Asia split up into the many smaller countries that lie within or partially within the Amu Darya basin. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya were first used by the Soviets to irrigate extensive cotton fields in the Central Asian plain. Before this time, water from the rivers was already being used for agriculture, but not on this massive scale. The Qaraqum Canal, Karshi Canal, and Bukhara Canal were among the larger of the irrigation diversions built. The Main Turkmen Canal was a proposed project that would have diverted water along the dry Uzboy River bed into central Turkmenistan, but was never built.


title: Amu Darya

text: The Oxus river, and Arnold's poem, provide a literary background for the 1930s children's book The Far-Distant Oxus.


title: Castor oil plant

text: The castor oil plant ("Ricinus communis"), is a plant species of the Euphorbiaceae, the sole member of the genus Ricinus and of the subtribe Ricininae. Its seed is the castor bean which is not a true bean. The castor oil plant is used as an ornamental plant in gardens and to create Castor oil. Its oil is used in the chemical industry, e.g. for polyurethane, for adhesives, dyes and lubricants. As a drug, it can be used as a laxative.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford (pronounced or ) (pronounced "Henforth") is a city and civil parish in the West Midlands of England, close to the border with Wales and on the River Wye. It is the county town of Herefordshire.


title: Hereford

text: The name "Hereford" comes from the Anglo Saxon "here", meaning an army and "ford" which is a place where soldiers could cross.


title: Hereford

text: In 1997, Hereford Council lost its status as a city council, and had to appoint Charter Trustees. Its ancient city traditions are recognised and carried on by the parish council, which is led by the City Mayor.


title: Hereford

text: Hereford has a city bus station, for routes in the city, and a country bus station, for routes out of the city.


title: Bad Bunny

text: Benito Antonio Martínez Ocasio (born March 10, 1994), known professionally as Bad Bunny, is a Puerto Rican rapper and singer. His music is known as Latin trap and reggaeton and can also be seen as rock, bachata, and soul.


title: Bad Bunny

text: Throughout his career, Bad Bunny has worked with J Balvin, Farruko, Residente, Arcángel, Jhay Cortez, and Daddy Yankee.


title: Bad Bunny

text: Bad Bunny is also a well known LGBT rights activist who as supported the movement in Puerto Rico. During an interview, the singer stated that he has been singing since 2008.


title: Dana Vespoli

text: In April 2006, Vespoli began directing for Digital Sin. Her directing work has focused mainly on lesbian scenes.


title: Dana Vespoli

text: In 2011, "Complex" named her thirteenth on their list of "The Top 50 Hottest Asian Porn Stars of All Time". Vespoli entered the AVN Hall of Fame in 2016.


title: Sewage

text: Sewage or domestic wastewater is the liquid waste produced by people when using the toilet, having a bath or shower or washing clothes and dishes. In some places it also includes rain-water falling on houses and roads. It can also have liquid waste from factories in it. It flows in pipes called sewers to be cleaned up at a sewage treatment works.


title: Sewage

text: Sewage is mostly water but it also has many microbes some of which can be harmful. It can have many chemicals in it which can also cause harm to animals and humans. Most sewage in poor counties is not treated, and may spread disease.


title: The Castle (movie)

text: The Castle is a 1997 Australian movie. "The Castle" starred Michael Caton and Anne Tenney and was filmed in Melbourne, Australia.


title: The Castle (movie)

text: "The Castle" was made in 11 days for about AUD$750,000. Some people have said that "The Castle" is a very simple movie because it was filmed cheaply and quickly. However, fans of the movie generally appreciate it because it is a good movie that was made on a low budget. The movie was popular in Australia. Some people outside Australia did not understand some of the humor.


title: The Castle (movie)

text: The story is about the Kerrigan family, who have been living in their home—their "castle"—for years. Their house is next to the local airport. The airport wants the Kerrigans to move so that they can build a new building on the Kerrigans' land. Darryl Kerrigan is the father. He does not want to leave his house, so he fights the airport in court. At first he loses in court because his lawyer is not very good. Then he meets a very good lawyer (a Queen's Counsel). The Queen's Counsel argues very well and the Kerrigans can keep their house.


title: The Castle (movie)

text: "The Castle" is funny to Australians because the movie is about ordinary people. They are not rich or stylish, but they are good people. Australians like the idea of "the little Aussie battler", someone who is hard-working even when life is tough. The movie title is named for the English saying, which is said many time during the movie, "A man's home is his castle." The movie also talks about the land rights movement of the Australian Aborigines. Darryl Kerrigan compares his problem to the Aboriginals problems about land. The movie talks about famous Australian Constitutional Law Cases, like Mabo and the Tasmanian Dams Case.


title: The Castle (movie)

text: It is common in Australia to humorously quote lines from ""The Castle"". Some of the most popular of these are:


title: Mary Barbera

text: Mary Barbera is an American and author who works on autism. She is known for her work on using (ABA) for children with autism. Her books include "The Verbal Behavior Approach" (2007), a book about and B. F. Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior.


title: Mary Barbera

text: Barbera got her Ph.D. from Alvernia University in 2011, where she wrote her thesis on fluency-based autism training. She is a doctoral-level Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA-D). She also has an MSN in Nursing Administration from the University of Pennsylvania and a BSN from West Chester University (1986).


title: Mary Barbera

text: After Barbera's son Lucas was diagnosed with autism in 1999, she founded the Autism Society of America's Berks County Chapter. Since becoming a behavior analyst in 2003, she has also worked as the lead behavior analyst for the PA Verbal Behavior Project from 2003 to 2010.


title: Mary Barbera

text: Since 2015, Barbera has taught classes that were based on . Many clinics and organizations, including the Autism Centers of Michigan, have used her methodology.


title: Mary Barbera

text: Mary Barbera is married to Dr. Charles F. Barbera, an Emergency Medicine physician. She has two sons. Her eldest son Lucas has autism, and her son Spencer is a college student.


title: Bogotá

text: Bogota is the capital (city) of Colombia. As of 2009, more than 7 million people live in Bogota, which makes it the largest city in Colombia. It is about above sea level, on a plateau. This makes it the third highest capital in the world. With many universities and libraries, Bogotá has become known as "The Athens of South America".The weather is usually nice during the day and cool at night. It has a series of bike paths (trails that are made for bikes) that wind through the city. It has many recreational and amusement parks open to the public. The current mayor is Claudia López.


title: Bogotá

text: Originally, Native Americans called Muisca lived in the area. Then, in 1538, Gonzalo Jimenes de Quezada, a Spanish conqueror, founded Bogota. Bogota became a center of trade, art, and education. Some of the oldest universities in the Americas are in Bogota. After Independence from Spain, Bogota became the capital of Gran Colombia in 1819.


title: Bogotá

text: Bogota has had extremely awful moments. In 1948, a presidential candidate, Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, was murdered while doing a speech in front of hundreds of persons. This tragic moment brought with it terrible consequences: one of the most remembered one is the "Bogotazo". The "Bogotazo" started as a political party war, the blue party, self named the "conservatives", began to hunt and kill every single member of the red party, the "liberals". The remaining blue party members decided to create the "Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia" (FARC); however, this group was ironically created to protect the oppressed people from their oppressors. Nowadays, this group is known as terrorists and murderers;nevertheless, Colombia's capital city, Bogota, has not being attacked in the last few years.


title: Édith Piaf

text: Édith Piaf (aka. "La Môme Piaf") (December 19, 1915 – October 11, 1963) was one of France's most-loved singers. Her real name was Édith Giovanna Gassion. She became a national icon. Her music was an image of her tragic life. Piaf was known for singing ballads in a heartbreaking voice.


title: Édith Piaf

text: 1925 - 10 A pilgrimage to Lisieux in the Normandy honoring Saint Thérèse of Lisieux / (Sainte Thérèse de l'Enfant-Jésus), and the intense devoutness of the family resulted in a miraculous healing, Édith said.


title: Édith Piaf

text: 1930 – 15 Her manager gave her the stage name "", "la Môme", Édith Piaf, or just Piaf. She was only tall and puny, but sharp and lively like a sparrow. She always wore a black dress on the stage.


title: Édith Piaf

text: She sang first in Pigalle, then in "Le Gerny", the nightclub of Louis Leplée near the Champs-Élysées.


title: Édith Piaf

text: She met Raymond Asso (1901-1968) and Marguerite Monnot (1903-1961), who wrote and composed her best songs; she stroke up an acquaintance with actor and singer Maurice Chevalier.


title: Édith Piaf

text: 1948 – 32 The love of Piaf's life, the boxer Marcel Cerdan, middleweight champion of the world, died in a plane crash in October 1949, in the Azores, while flying from Paris to New York City to meet her.


title: Édith Piaf

text: 1952 – 36 Piaf married Jacques Pills in 1952 (her matron of honour was Marlene Dietrich). She divorced him in 1956. In 1962, she wed Théo Sarapo (Theophanis Lamboukas), a Greek hairdresser who was 20 years her junior.


title: Édith Piaf

text: 1963 – 47 Piaf died of liver cancer at Plascassier, near Grasse (Département Alpes-Maritimes), on 10 October 1963.


title: Édith Piaf

text: Among her most famous songs are ""Mon légionnaire"" (1936), ""Le fanion de la Légion"" (1936), ""La vie en rose"" (1946), ""Hymne à l'amour"" (1949), ""Padam... Padam..."" (1951), ""l'Accordéoniste"" (1955), ""Les amants d'un jour"" (1956),""La foule"" (1957), ""Milord"" (1959) and ""Non, je ne regrette rien"" (1960).


title: Édith Piaf

text: Although she was denied a solemn funeral mass, her funeral procession from her residence, Boulevard Lannes (Paris, XVI arr.) drew tens of thousands of mourners onto the streets of Paris, that caused a huge traffic jam. The ceremony at the cemetery‚ Le Père-Lachaise (Paris, XX arr.), was attended by more than 100,000 fans.


title: Jane O'Meara Sanders

text: Jane O’Meara Sanders (born January 3, 1950) is an American civil servant and educator. She is the former President of Burlington College and the wife of United States senator of Vermont and Democratic 2016 Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. In 1996, she earned a doctorate from Union Institute & University.


title: Jane O'Meara Sanders

text: Sanders was born in Brooklyn, New York. She studied at Goddard College. Sanders was married to David Driscoll until they divorced. They had three children. Sanders met Bernie in 1981 when Bernie was elected mayor of Burlington, Vermont. They were married in 1988.


title: Krishnachandra Roy

text: Krishnachandra Roy (Bengali: রাজা কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র রায়, 1710-1783) was the king of Nadia. His role in the history of Bengali literature, Bengali culture and Bengali Hindu society is unforgettable. Nadia is considered as the best man of the royal family. He was a scholar, educated in Sanskrit and Persian, and a musician. Krishnachandra, an intensely conservative king, was the patron of the proverbial geniuses of Bengal, such as Ramprasad Sen of Shaktapadavali, Bharat Chandra Raigunakar, the author of the Annadamangal poem, and the humorous Gopal Bhar. Annadamangal Kavya was composed in his royal court. The world famous pottery of Krishnanagar was started on his initiative.


title: Krishnachandra Roy

text: Krishnachandra Roy was a man of strategy. When Nawab Sirajuddaula clashed with the British, he sided with the British. He was captured during the reign of the next Nawab Mir Qasim. He was released due to the intervention of the English. The Company Government conferred the title of Maharaja on him for his loyalty.


title: Krishnachandra Roy

text: His achievement is the worship of Jagadhatri in Bengal and the introduction of Shaktras in Navadvipa. According to legend, Krishnachandra was imprisoned in 1754 for failing to pay taxes to Nawab Alivardi Khan of Bengal. The time was near Durgotsab. When the fort festival was almost over when he was finally released from the Nawab's prison, on his way back to Krishnanagar, the king realized that it was Vijaya Dashami. The king fell asleep in the boat and there he saw in a dream that a purple quadrilateral virgin goddess was telling him to worship her on the Shuklanabami date of the next month of Kartik. As a result, Jagadhatri Puja was introduced. The following year, Jagadhatri Puja was introduced in Chandannagar by his friend Indranarayan Chowdhury. Also, Maharaja Krishnachandra initiated the worship of the idol of Malopara Baroari Jagadhatri (Mother Jaleshwari).


title: Absolute value

text: In mathematics, the absolute value of a real number formula_1, written as or formula_2, is the value of formula_1 when the sign is dropped (or formula_1 without its sign). That is, formula_5 for a positive formula_1, formula_7 for a negative formula_1, and formula_9


title: Absolute value

text: For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of −3 is also 3 (formula_10). The absolute value of a real number may be thought of as its distance from zero. It can be defined as follows:


title: Absolute value

text: For any real number formula_13, the absolute value of formula_13 is denoted by (a vertical bar on each side of the quantity), and is defined as


title: Absolute value

text: The absolute value of formula_13 is always either positive or zero, but never negative. From an analytic geometry point of view, the absolute value of a real number is that number's distance from zero along the real number line. The absolute value of the difference of two real numbers is the distance between them.


title: Absolute value

text: In linear algebra, the norm of a vector is defined similarly as the distance from the tip of the vector to the origin. This is similar to the way the absolute value of a complex number is defined.


title: Absolute value

text: For a complex number formula_21, where formula_22 is the real part of formula_23 and formula_24 is the imaginary part of formula_23,


title: Ricardo Carvalho

text: Ricardo Carvalho (born 18 May 1978) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Real Madrid and Portugal national team.


title: Naomi Parker

text: Naomi Parker Fraley (August 26, 1921 – January 20, 2018) was an American war worker and waitress. She is thought to be the likely model for the iconic "We Can Do It!" poster. She did not know that the poster had become famous and Geraldine Hoff Doyle was given credit as the model. The poster is mistakenly known as the Rosie the Riveter poster. It has become a cultural icon in the 1980s. She was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.


title: Naomi Parker

text: After the war, Parker worked as a waitress in Palm Springs, California. She was married three times. In February 2017 she moved to the Longview, Washington, area.


title: Naomi Parker

text: Professor James J. Kimble began researching who the real Rosie the Riveter was, and believed it was based on a picture of Parker taken in 1942. He believed it could not have been Geraldine Doyle because she barely worked in factories because she was still in school. Through this, Parker based on current evidence, is believed to be the real-life Rosie the Riveter.


title: University of Washington

text: The University of Washington (UW) is the main state university of the U.S. state of Washington. There are over 40,000 students. It is in Seattle, Washington. The University of Washington's sports teams (the Huskies) are part of the Pacific-12 Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.


title: University of Washington

text: Every year UW has a rivalry game with Washington State University. This game is called the Apple Cup in which the two football teams play each other. As of the year 2010 the University of Washington has won 66 Apple Cups and Washington State University only has 31. The longest consecutive wins of the Apple Cup belongs to U.W. with 8 consecutive wins, with Washington State at 2 consecutive wins.


title: Apiaceae

text: Umbellifers (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae) are angiosperms including cumin, parsley, carrot, coriander/cilantro, dill, caraway, fennel, parsnip, celery, anise, and other relatives. It is a large family with about 300 genera and more than 3,000 species. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,700 species in 434 genera. There are a small number of poisonous plants. Hemlock has a paralysing effect. There are a lot of phototoxic species. Light causes changes which produce toxic chemicals. Phototoxicity causes a chemically induced skin irritation. It needs light, and does not involve the immune system. It is a type of photosensitivity.


title: Apiaceae

text: The defining characteristic of the family is the inflorescence. The flowers usually grouped in terminal umbels, as shown in the photograph. They are usually compound, and called umbelliform cymes. They are groups of groups.


title: Cell theory

text: Cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and the basic unit of reproduction.


title: Cell theory

text: With many improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery was made by Robert Hooke and began cell biology, the scientific study of cells. Cell theory was eventually made in 1838. This is usually credited to Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.


title: Roadrunner

text: The roadrunner ("Geococcyx") is a fast-running bird. The roadrunner is also called the "chaparral bird" and the "chaparral cock".


title: Roadrunner

text: The roadrunners are a genus of ground cuckoos. The two species of roadrunners are the greater roadrunner and the lesser roadrunner. The greater roadrunner, ("Geococcyx californianus") lives in Mexico and the southwestern U.S.A. The lesser roadrunner, ("Geococcyx velox") lives in Mexico and Central America.


title: Roadrunner

text: The roadrunner is a large, slender, black-brown and white streaked ground bird which has an average weight of 8 to 15 ounces, and is about 18 inches (46 cm) to 22 inches (56 cm) from tail to beak. It has long legs, strong feet, and a big dark beak. The roadrunner is terrestrial (lives on land). Even though it can fly, it spends most of its time on the ground. When they fly their wings are short and rounded and have a white crescent on the feathers. Roadrunners and other members of the cuckoo family have zygodactyl feet (two toes on the front and two toes on the back). Roadrunners can run up to the speed of 20 miles per hour (32 km per hour). They fly to escape predators.Some Roadrunner run til 26 miles per hour.


title: Roadrunner

text: Roadrunners live in deserts of the southwestern U.S.A, Mexico and Central America.They also live in the sonoran desert


title: Roadrunner

text: Roadrunners are omnivores, meaning they eat both meat and plants. They eat insects like grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, and caterpillars, small reptiles like lizards and snakes, rodents and other small mammals. They also eat tarantulas and other spiders, scorpions, centipedes, snails, small birds and eggs. The plants they eat are fruits and seeds like prickly pear cactus and sumac. Roadrunners search on the ground to find food. They usually run after their prey but also sometimes may leap to catch insects. Because of its fast speed, the roadrunner is one of the few animals that preys upon the rattlesnake.


title: Roadrunner

text: The nest of roadrunner is made up of mainly sticks and sometimes leaves, and snake skin. A nest usually contains 2-6 eggs which are white colored. Roadrunners have bi-parental care. Both parents take care of the nest and feed the hatchlings, but males take care of the nest at night and females at day. For the first 1 to 2 weeks after the young hatch, one parent always remains at the nest. After the hatchlings are 2 to 3 weeks old they leave and never return to the nest.


title: Resource

text: A Resource is something that can be used for a purpose. For example, tools and materials are resources. There are many kinds of resource:


title: Marjoram

text: Marjoram ("Origanum majorana", Lamiaceae) is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavours. In some middle-eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants.


title: Sally Ride

text: Sally Kristen Ride (May 26, 1951 – July 23, 2012) was an American astronaut and astrophysicist. She was the first American woman to reach outer space.


title: Sally Ride

text: Ride was born on May 26, 1951. She was born in the neighborhood of Encino in Los Angeles, California. She earned a Ph.D. in physics from Stanford University. She joined NASA in 1978. She was an astronaut until 1987. In order to be an astronaut and go into space, Sally Ride had to train for a year. Training included adapting to gravity, water survival, radio communications, and navigation. She went on the Space Shuttle Challenger in June 1983. This trip was the first time an American woman was in space. She helped design the robot arm for the space shuttle. The robot arm lifts heavy objects in space. Ride was the first person to use the robot arm in space. The robot arm put a satellite in space that showed how the sun affected weather. Ride flew to space twice.


title: Sally Ride

text: She worked on the commissions that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger and Space Shuttle Columbia disasters. Ride became a professor in 1989. She was the professor of physics and director of the Oklahoma Space Institute at the University of California.


title: Sally Ride

text: She was married to astronaut Steven Hawley from 1982 until they divorced in 1987. At the time of her death, Ride had been in a relationship with writer Tam O'Shaughnessy for 27 years.


title: Sally Ride

text: On July 23, 2012, Ride died of pancreatic cancer at her home in La Jolla, a neighborhood of San Diego, California. She was 61.


title: Christian Karembeu

text: Christian Karembeu (born 3 December 1970) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.


title: Gay Byrne

text: Gabriel Mary "Gay" Byrne (5 August 1934 – 4 November 2019), affectionately known as Uncle Gay, Gaybo or Uncle Gaybo, was a veteran Irish presenter of radio and television for several decades. His most known role was first host of "The Late Late Show" over a 37-year period spanning 1962 until 1999.


title: Gay Byrne

text: Byrne was born in Rialto, Dublin. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin. He was the first person to broadcast The Beatles on television.


title: Gay Byrne

text: From 1973 until 1998, Byrne presented "The Gay Byrne Hour"—later "The Gay Byrne Show" when it expanded to two hours—on RTÉ Radio 1 each weekday morning. Since retiring from his long-running radio and television shows, Byrne has presented several other programmes, including "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "The Meaning of Life" and "For One Night Only" on RTÉ One and "Sunday Serenade"/"Sunday with Gay Byrne" on RTÉ lyric fm.


title: Gay Byrne

text: In 2006 he was elected Chairman of Ireland's Road Safety Authority. Since retiring he has become the "Elder Lemon of Irish broadcasting".


title: Gay Byrne

text: Byrne is married to Kathleen Watkins. Together they have two adopted daughters. He lives in Sandymount, Dublin with his wife.


title: Gay Byrne

text: On 21 November 2016 he revealed, live on a radio broadcast, that he was to begin treatment for prostate cancer and that the cancer may have also spread to his lower back. He died from the disease in Dublin on 4 November 2019 at the age of 85.


title: Ballon d'Or

text: The Ballon d'Or (French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ]; "Golden Ball") is an annual football award presented by "France Football". FIFA has its own annual award, the "Best FIFA Men's Player".


title: Ostrogoths

text: The Ostrogoths started with the Greutungi, a branch of the Goths that moved southward from the Baltic Sea during the 3rd and the 4th centuries.


title: Ostrogoths

text: They built an empire that stretched from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea and traded with the Roman Empire. Its peak was under King Ermanaric.


title: Ostrogoths

text: After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Ostrogoths built a new kingdom in northern Italy centred in Ravenna.


title: Abdul Qadeer Khan

text: Abdul Qadeer Khan (; April 1, 1936 – October 10, 2021) was a Pakistani scientist and metallurgical engineer. He was a controversial figure. He is thought by many people to be one of the pioneers of Pakistan's nuclear program. Others disagree and claim he is only an opportunist who abused his position to obtain personal benefits and make a lot of money. His middle name is occasionally spelt Quadeer, Qadir or Gadeer. His given names are usually abbreviated to A.Q..


title: Abdul Qadeer Khan

text: Khan claimed he had Pashtun ancestry. However, his ancestors supposedly immigrated to modern India, during the reign of Afghan Emperor Shahabuddin Ghouri from the district of Ghour of present Afghanistan. He was born in Bhopal State in British India in 1936. His father Abdul Ghafoor Khan served in the Education Department, British India, and after retirement, settled in Bhopal.


title: Abdul Qadeer Khan

text: He remained under arrest in Pakistan for quite some time, because he was accused of Nuclear proliferation to the North Korean government and also to Iran.


title: Abdul Qadeer Khan

text: In August 2021, Khan was hospitalized in Islamabad after testing positive for COVID-19. He died at the age of 85 in Islamabad from the infection on October 10, 2021.


title: Abdul Qadeer Khan

text: Several politicians in Pakistan, including the Prime Minister Imran Khan stated their tribute to him. In a post on Twitter, Imran Khan stated


title: Home run

text: A home run, abbreviated HR, is a term in baseball for when the batter hits the ball and touches all the bases without an error being made by the team on defense. The most common way for a batter to hit a home run is to hit the ball over the outfield fence in fair territory. If the ball goes over the outfield fence but it is ruled a "foul ball", it does not count as a home run. Another way for a batter to hit a home run is to hit what is called an "inside-the-park" home run. If the batter touches all four bases after he hits the ball and it stays on the field, he scores a home run. This is an inside-the-park home run as long as no error is committed by the fielding team on the play.


title: Home run

text: In the early days of Major League Baseball, a home run was not awarded to a ball hit over the fence to win the game if the winning run scored before the batter-runner were to reach home plate to score. Therefore, what would otherwise be walk-off home runs were not commonplace, and players were often robbed of home runs. Due to this, for instance, Babe Ruth is not credited with a particular walk-off home run that would bring his career total to 715.


title: Formula One car

text: A Formula One car is a racing car used in Formula One races. They have one seat, which is open to the air. They have aerodynamic wings on their front and rear, and the engine is positioned behind the driver. The regulations governing the cars are unique to the Formula One championship. The regulations say that cars must be built by the racing teams themselves, though the design and manufacture can be done by others.


title: Formula One car

text: F1 Cars have technology to make them faster, more drag resistant and safer. Some of this technology is described below.


title: Formula One car

text: ERS stand for Energy Recovery Systems. There are two basic types of ERS systems - mechanical and electrical and both recover energy without using fuel and damaging the environment. The rule to use KERS was introduced by the FIA in 2009. It works by storing energy in a flywheel or battery (like the one on the right) that would be lost when braking, and allow that energy to be re-used when accelerating. ERS was introduced in 2014 to activate wherever a driver chose permanently throughout a race weekend


title: Formula One car

text: This is used a lot in corners because it controls the wheel spin when under and over steering. They mean simply to which end of the car runs out of grip first as the tyres only have limited amount of grip. In an under steer, the front axle and wheels runs out of grip first and in Over steer the rear end runs out first. When this happens it is like a handbrake skid. Traction Control is the device that tries to keep the car stable by adjusting the wheel movement in these turns.


title: Formula One car

text: DRS stands for Drag Reduction System. It is an addition to the rear wing of the car introduced in 2011 Formula 1 season aimed at reducing aerodynamic drag in order to promote overtaking. It is used when a driver is close to somebody in front of him. He will be able to open the rear wing so the car becomes more streamline and aerodynamic so he can overtake his opponent. The device is then disabled as soon as he overtakes his opponent.


title: Formula One car

text: Formula One teams do much research into materials. Below are list of materials used in the F1 world, what they are, what they do, where they're placed and why F1 teams choose them over everything else.


title: Formula One car

text: Carbon fibre is a very strong and light material that contains carbon fibres. It may sometimes contain other fibres such as Kevlar, aluminium and glass. Although it has a very big price tag, its strength to weight ratio and the good rigidity of it make it a very valuable piece of material. However as is it gets cheaper it is being used in much smaller products like sports equipment, bodies for instruments and also household objects.


title: Formula One car

text: Carbon fibre is most commonly used in the bodywork of an F1 car and also the air box, the wings, the engine cover, steering wheel and in the suspension. It is sometimes reinforced with titanium or steel.


title: Formula One car

text: It is used over every other kind of material because it’s lightweight, very strong, very stiff and can easily be moulded into any shape.


title: Formula One car

text: Kevlar is another fibre like carbon. Some of its properties are very similar. Kevlar is a very strong and lightweight material. If you have an equal amount of steel and Kevlar, Kevlar would be 5 times stronger than the steel. When it is woven, it is suitable to be underwater. Kevlar is also used by the army as it a very sturdy material and it is used to make a range of items like helmets.


title: Formula One car

text: Kevlar is used in pretty much the same areas as carbon fibre is used. For example it is used in the bodywork, the wings, the suspension and more.


title: Formula One car

text: Kevlar is an extremely firm material. As F1 cars go at high speed it adds extra protection to drivers and stops massive damage being done to the cars.


title: Formula One car

text: Aluminium is an element. It is very light and hard. It is often used for ships so that ship doesn’t get corroded and it is very stable due to its oxide coating. Aluminium is used in the bodywork and almost every single part of an F1 car. Aluminium is used because it is extremely light and very strong.


title: Formula One car

text: Magnesium is another chemical element and is very light and strong. Its main use is to combine with aluminium to make alloys which are extremely light and strong, such as magnalium. It is used mainly in the wheels and some small parts in the engines.


title: Formula One car

text: hydrodynamic gold foil is a type of foil which is gold coloured and stops heat from escaping. It is used between the engine and fuel tank. It is used in that certain position so it can stop heat transfer from the engine to the fuel tank.


title: Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi

text: Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi (born 27 May 1965) is a Nigerian politician, former Governor of River State and currently serving as the Minister of Transportation in the cabinet of President Muhammadu Buhari.


title: Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi

text: Amaechi was born and raised in Ubima, Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Amaechi holds a Bachelor of Arts degree (Honours) in English Studies and Literature from the University of Port Harcourt where he served as a President of the National Union of Rivers State Students (NURSS).


title: Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi

text: Amaechi was Secretary of the National Republican Convention in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. He was Special Assistant to the Deputy Governor of Rivers State, Peter Odili. He was the Rivers State's Secretary of the Democratic Party of Nigeria (DPN) caretaker committee during the transition programme of Sani Abacha.


title: Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi

text: Ameachi contested and won a seat to become a member of the Rivers State House of Assembly. Amaechi was the Chairman of Nigeria's Conference of Speakers of State Assemblies.


title: Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi

text: Amaechi worked with Governor Peter Odili to increase the harmonious relationship between the Executive and Legislative arms of government in Rivers State when his as a speaker.


title: Leo Varadkar

text: Leo Eric Varadkar ( ; born 18 January 1979) is an Irish politician and physician serving as the Leader of Fine Gael since 2017 and Tánaiste since 2020. He was Taoiseach and Minister for Defence from 2017 to 2020. He is the Leader of Fine Gael since June 2017 replacing Enda Kenny. He has served as Minister for Social Protection since May 2016. He has been a Teachta Dála (TD) since 2007 for the Dublin West constituency.


title: Leo Varadkar

text: In 2004 he was co-opted onto Fingal County Council and served as deputy mayor before his election to Dáil Éireann. He was promoted to the Front Bench by Enda Kenny as Spokesperson on Enterprise, Trade and Employment, remaining in this position until a 2010 reshuffle when he became Spokesperson on Communications, Energy and Natural Resources.


title: Leo Varadkar

text: After the formation of the Coalition Government in March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport. A cabinet reshuffle in July 2014 saw Varadkar appointed to the position of Minister for Health. During his tenure he became the first openly gay Irish government minister.


title: Leo Varadkar

text: Following the formation of a Fine Gael minority government in May 2016, he was appointed Minister for Social Protection.


title: Leo Varadkar

text: After the resignation of Enda Kenny as Leader of Fine Gael in May 2017, Varadkar announced his candidacy for party leader. He faced Minister for Housing Simon Coveney in the Fine Gael leadership election. He won the election on 2 June 2017.


title: Leo Varadkar

text: On 14 June, he was nominated as Taoiseach by Dáil Éireann and this nomination was approved by the President of Ireland. Varadkar became Ireland's first openly gay Taoiseach, as well as the youngest and the first of half-Indian descent.


title: Leo Varadkar

text: On 26 June 2020, it was announced that Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and the Green Party had agreed to form a coalition government, marking the first time the two main Irish parties had formed a government together. As part of the agreement, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin will hold the office of Taoiseach until December 2022, while Varadkar will take the position of Tánaiste. The pair will then swap roles after roughly 2½ years, with Varadkar retaking the position of Taoiseach for the remainder of the coalition's term. Martin is expected to be elected Taoiseach by the Dáil on 27 June.


title: Riff

text: In music, a riff is an ostinato; a repeated chord progression, pattern, or melody, often played by rhythmic instruments. The riff is the base of the musical composition. They are most common in rock music, funk, and jazz.


title: Lauren Boebert

text: Lauren Opal Boebert (born December 15, 1986) is an American politician, businesswoman, and gun-rights activist. She is a member of the United States House of Representatives for since 2021.


title: Lauren Boebert

text: Boebert has said things before that are thought to show belief in QAnon. This is a widely discredited theory. She said later that she was "not a follower" of QAnon.


title: Mary Wilson, Baroness Wilson of Rievaulx

text: Gladys Mary Wilson, Lady Wilson of Rievaulx (12 January 1916 – 6 June 2018) was an English poet. She was the widow of Harold Wilson, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid- to late-1960s and mid-1970s. Her birth name was Gladys Mary Baldwin.


text: In 1970 her volume of poetry, "Selected Poems", was published and in 1976 Wilson was one of three judges of the Man Booker Prize, the other judges being Walter Allen and Francis King.


text: Wilson died on 6 June 2018, of a stroke, in London aged 102. She is the longest-lived spouse of a British prime minister in history.


title: Satellite television

text: Satellite television is a way of sending television signals. Television channels go to a ground station, which sends them by radio waves to a communications satellite in space. The satellite then transmits that signal back to earth. People with a satellite dish can receive the signals. Very often, satellite television is provided as a pay television service (especially to places where cable TV is not available). Here are some examples:


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: Andrea del Verrocchio (c. 1435 – 1488), born Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' Cioni, was an Italian sculptor, goldsmith and painter. He had an important workshop in Florence. Many other Renaissance painters were Verrocchio's apprentices or worked in his workshop. These included Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and Perugino. Verrocchio's most famous apprentice was Leonardo da Vinci.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: Verrocchio was born in Florence in 1435. His father was Michele di Francesco Cioni who was not married to Verrocchio's mother. Michele made tiles and bricks. Later he worked as a tax collector. He worked for the Medici family of bankers, then he moved to Venice.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: When Verrocchio was born, he was named Andrea di Francesco di Cioni. His name was changed to Andrea del Verrocchio when he was apprenticed to a goldsmith called Verrocchio (who was probably Francesco di Luca Verrocchio, who was very rich and successful). As an apprentice to a goldsmith, Verrocchio learnt how to make jewellery and golden tableware such as plates, dishes, jugs and salt containers. He learnt how to hammer gold into thin sheets called "gold leaf" and use it to decorate picture frames, statues and illuminated manuscripts. He also learnt how to make bronze statues. Verrocchio's bronze statues are his most famous works.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: At this time Verrocchio met Donatello. Donatello became one of the most famous sculptors ever. He made many more statues than Verrocchio. However, Donatello and Verrocchio both made a statue of David with the head of Goliath, and both made a huge statue of a famous soldier on horseback (equestrian statue). Art historians often compare the two Davids and the two equestrian statues.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: It is thought that Verrocchio began painting in the 1460s, when he worked at Prato with the painter Fra Filippo Lippi. There is only one known painting that was signed by Verrocchio. This is an altarpiece of the "Madonna and Child with Saints" in the Cathedral of Pistoia, painted in the late 1470s. There are several more paintings from Verrocchio's studio. They have probably been painted partly by Verrocchio and partly by his students.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: The most famous of these paintings was done between 1472 and 1475. It is a "Baptism of Christ". Giorgio Vasari writing in his book "Lives of the Great Artists" says that the angel on the left was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. Vasari says that when Verrocchio saw how beautifully the eighteen-year-old apprentice could paint, he put down his brush and never painted again. On close examination, it can be seen that most of the painting is painted in old-fashioned tempera, but the angel, parts of Jesus' body, and the background landscape have been painted in the new technique of oil painting. This makes art historians think that Leonardo worked on many parts of this picture. It has also been suggested that Botticelli painted the second angel.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: Verrochio made two large beautiful things out of stone, a coffin and a wash basin. He is thought to have also carved a Madonna and Child in low relief (an almost-flat stone picture).


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: Verrocchio's most famous sculptures are made in bronze which is a sort of metal. To make a bronze statue, Verrocchio made the statue in wax. Then plaster was put over the wax, and the wax was removed, leaving a mould. The metal was heated over a furnace until it melted and became molten (liquid). The molten metal was poured into the mould and slowly allowed to cool. When the plaster was chipped away, the bronze statue was inside. The statue then needed to be finished and polished.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: The Church of San Lorenzo (St Lawrence) was a new church in Florence. It was built by the architect Brunelleschi in the new style of the Renaissance. The Medici family were the most important patrons of this church. The family chose Verrocchio as the sculptor to make three works for San Lorenzo.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: In 1465 Verrocchio made a wash basin for the room of San Lorenzo's where the robes and Communion vessels were kept. (It is now called the "Old Sacristy".) Above the basin is carved an eagle, the symbol of St John the Evangelist. On the bowl of the basin is carved the Medici coat of arms. Verrocchio then had to design a tomb for Cosimo, the famous banker, and grandfather of the Medici family.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: In the early 1470s Lorenzo de' Medici gave him the job of designing the tomb of Lorenzo's father Piero and uncle Giovanni. The tomb that Verrocchio designed was very unusual. He made a large "sarcophagus" (stone coffin) out of beautiful dark red stone, trimmed with green stone and sculptured leaves of bronze. Instead of being placed against a wall in the usual way, the tomb was designed to stand in an archway leading into the Sacristy. Verrocchio designed a net that looks as if it is made of rope, but is made of bronze. This network makes a screen in the archway, so that people who look at the tomb can see through into the sacristy.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: The most unusual church in Florence is Orsanmichele. This building is an ancient corn-market that had, painted on the wall, a precious image of the "Madonna and Child". The corn-market was turned into a church, and the sides of the building, which used to be open, were given walls. The walls had "niches" which is a hollow that a statue can stand in. The niches were big enough for life-sized statues. Many people worked at different jobs in the city of Florence. The people of different jobs belonged to organisations called "guilds". Every important guild in the city wanted to have a statue of their patron saint in a niche at Orsanmichele Church. The statues were made by some of the finest sculptors of Florence.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: In 1466 the Guild of Traders gave Verrocchio the job of making a bronze statue of their saint, St Thomas. Verrocchio made a group of two figures which shows the most important moment in the story of St Thomas. At the back of the niche stands the figure of Jesus, raising one hand to Heaven. St Thomas stands at the edge of the niche, looking at Jesus in amazement and reaching out his hand to touch the spear-wound in Jesus' side. Verrocchio's statue was admired for the way in which he had fitted the two figures into the space, and the way in which he had told the story.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: At about this time Verrocchio also made a huge brass candlestick for the Palazzo Vecchio (the town hall). This candlestick is now in Amsterdam.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: In the 1470s, Lorenzo Medici and his brother Giuliano gave Verrocchio the job of making a statue of David. David, a shepherd boy in a story from the Bible, had killed the giant, Goliath. He was one of the patrons of the city. Nowadays there are at least eight statues of David in Florence, the most famous one being by Michelangelo.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: When Verrocchio made his statue, the most famous "David" in Florence was a life-sized bronze statue by Donatello. This statue shows David naked, except for his boots and hat. The figure stands gracefully, looking down at the giant head at his feet. It looks very much like an Ancient Greek statue. Verrochio's statue of David is very different, even though it is a similar size and is also made of bronze.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: Verrocchio's statue looks like a real-live boy, dressed in modern parade clothes. He does not stand elegantly. His muscles are all drawn tight. He grips the handle of the sword so tightly that the sinews of his arm stand out. The muscles of his face are pulled into the silly grin that people sometimes get when they are very frightened. Verrocchio's David has just killed the giant, but now he is facing the whole enemy army and wondering what will happen next. The handsome boy that Verrocchio used as his model for David is believed to have been Leonardo da Vinci.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: The Medici also gave Verrocchio the job of making a bronze statue of a "Cherub with a Dolphin" to go in the fountain of their home in the countryside. The statue now stands in the small courtyard of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: In 1478 Verrocchio began work on his most famous statue. It is a "equestrian statue", a statue of a man on horseback. The statue was made for the Republic of Venice in memory of a famous soldier who had lead military troops many times when Venice was at war. His name was Bartolomeo Colleoni, and he had died in 1475. Colleoni was admired by many people who thought he was a good man, as well as a brave soldier and great military leader. Colleoni left a message to say that he wanted a statue of himself in the main square of Venice, right opposite St Mark's Basilica. The town council would not allow this. The statue was put in another important square, near the Hospital of St Mark and the Church of two Roman soldier-saints, St Giovanni and St Paolo.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: When Verrocchio started making this statue, there had been only one big equestrian monument made in more than a thousand years. Donatello had made an equestrian statue of another soldier, who was nicknamed Gattamelata ("the Smug Cat"). Verrocchio must have looked at Donatello's statue, which was in Padua and at the four ancient bronze horses that stood high on the front of St Mark's Basilica. Verrocchio decided to make his horse do something which the St Mark's horses do, but Donatello's horse does not do. The horses at St Marks all have one front hoof raised, so that they are perfectly balanced on only three legs.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: Verrocchio's horse looks as if it is moving forward quite fast. It is full of action. The figure of Colleoni is not sitting down in the saddle, he is standing in the stirups, as if he is looking out to spot the enemy. The horse's head turns one way, and the body and face of Colleoni turns the other way. Colleoni looks fierce, as if he is leading his troops into battle. The statue is very lively and very lifelike.


title: Andrea del Verrocchio

text: Verrocchio moved from Florence to Venice in 1488, to help with the casting of the bronze statue. But he died that year, and never saw his most famous work finished.


title: Keira Knightley

text: Keira Christina Knightley, (; born 26 March 1985) is a Golden Globe and Academy Award nominated English actress. She is best known for her first major movie role as Elizabeth Swann in the Pirates of the Caribbean movie trilogy, and as Elizabeth Bennet in "Pride & Prejudice".


title: Keira Knightley

text: Knightley was born on 26 March 1985 in Teddington, London, England. Her mother, Sharman Macdonald, is Scottish. Her father, Will Knightley, is English. He wanted to name his daughter "Kiera", after the Russian ice skater, Kira Ivanova. When her mother went to register her, she misspelt the name. Knightley has an older brother, Caleb. When Knightley lived in Richmond, she studied at Stanley Junior School, Teddington School and Esher College.


title: Keira Knightley

text: When Knightley was three years old, she asked to her parents to hire an agent for her. They promised to do this, if she studied very well. That's why Keira was a good and diligent pupil.


title: Colorectal cancer

text: Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer, rectal cancer, or bowel cancer, is a cancer in the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine), or in the appendix. Genetic analysis shows that essentially colon and rectal tumours are genetically the same cancer. Symptoms of colorectal cancer typically include rectal bleeding and anemia which are sometimes associated with weight loss and changes in bowel habits (defecation pattern).


title: Colorectal cancer

text: It is estimated that worldwide, 1.23 million new cases of colorectal cancer are clinically diagnosed and that it kills 608,000 people per year.


title: Carbonate

text: A carbonate is a chemical compound that has the carbonate ion, . This ion is made of carbon and oxygen. The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group C(=O)(O–) of carbon and oxygen. They have a valency of 1.


title: Carbonate

text: When added to an acid, a carbonate will produce carbon dioxide, water and a chemical salt. Sedimentary rocks containing calcite and other carbonates are plentiful in the earth.


title: Luminiferous aether

text: Luminiferous aether is a substance once believed to fill the Universe and explain how the transmission of waves of light can happen. People believed that light was a kind of wave. Waves travel over the surface of water in a pond, through the air in a room, etc. All waves that people had studied before had travelled through a medium. The speed of sound through steel is much higher than through air, so people imagined that light must travel through a similar medium too. Since light travels faster than anything else, light should travel through something more rigid (like steel) faster than anything else. But at the same time this substance must have a very low viscosity so that it would not slow down the movements of planets and cause them to eventually fall into their suns. The people coming before Albert Einstein believed this substance to exist, and they called it the "Luminiferous aether."


title: Luminiferous aether

text: If an observer was to travel on a boat moving through an ocean current, then they could observe changes in the rate that waves appeared to travel depending on the relationship of the observer to the current.


title: Luminiferous aether

text: Physicists conducted experiments to attempt to make this question become clear. The Michelson-Morley Experiment showed that there was no medium through which light travelled. It showed that there is no Luminiferous aether.


title: Luminiferous aether

text: The easiest way to see the general idea is to imagine a very fast spaceship moving at one half the speed of light from one star to another. The spaceship has two light-speed meters, one pointing backward and one pointing forward. Since the spaceship is moving away from the photons given off by the yellow star, and running toward the photons given off by the blue star, our ordinary experience leads us to expect that we would measure the speed of the yellow photons as 150,000 kilometres per second, and the speed of the blue photons as 450,000 kilometres per second. However both photons are measured at 300,000 km/sec. Thereby this result indicates that speeds do not change relative to the movement of the spaceship.


title: Luminiferous aether

text: A recent study is much more precise than the one by Michelson and Morley, but it still shows that the speed of light is constant no matter which direction one is moving in.


title: Perjury

text: Perjury is the word used for a person that tells a lie while they are under oath (in a courtroom). Committing perjury is against the law, and can be punished with a jail or prison sentence.


title: Perjury

text: Perjury is a serious crime because it might be used to take away the power of a court, which can lead to punishment for the wrong person. In the United States, perjury is a federal offense, and it can be punished by five years in prison. However, in California, a person who commits perjury can get the death penalty if the perjury led to a wrongful execution.


title: Perjury

text: The rules of perjury also apply when a person says or does something "under penalty of perjury", even if he or she never swore an oath. One example is the United States' income tax return, where people have to sign as true and correct under penalty of perjury. A person can be punished by three years in prison if he or she lies on the tax return.


title: Perjury

text: A statement that involves "interpretation" are not perjury because people can judge incorrectly without knowing it. Perjury only happens if a person wanted to do it and then actually did.


title: Perjury

text: The offence of perjury is written in section 132 of the Criminal Code. It is described by section 131, which says that perjury is when a person says something false when he or she knows that it is false. People who commit perjury can be imprisoned for fourteen years at most.


title: Perjury

text: A person in the Court of Justice of the European Communities swears anything he knows is false is guilty of perjury. Proceedings for perjury can happen in any place in the State and the offence can be treated as if it happened in that place.


title: Perjury

text: Perjury in American law comes from the common law of England, which defined the it as giving a false testimony under oath that has to do with the issue.


title: Perjury

text: The American legal system defines perjury as saying anything knowingly false under oath to a "competent tribunal, officer, or person". The punishment can be a fine or up to five years in prison or both.


title: Katie Price

text: Katie Price , also (Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis Infield Price, born 22 May 1978) is an English television personality and glamour model. She was born in Brighton, East Sussex, England, and was previously known as "Jordan".


title: Katie Price

text: She first became known as a topless female glamour model in a pictorial "Page 3" tabloid newspaper "The Sun". Later, her life in the public spotlight allowed her to develop a variety of different activities including television, books, fashion and music.


title: Katie Price

text: Her singles include "A Whole New World" with Peter Andre. It peaked at number 12. A solo "Free To Love Again" peaked at number 60.


title: Katie Price

text: Price has had many plastic surgeries on her breasts and her face. In 2002, Price had a leiomyosarcoma (a type of cancer) removed from her finger. Although estimates of her net worth were approximately £40 million, on November 26th 2019 she was declared bankrupt, details can be seen on the UK insolvency register here.


title: Katie Price

text: She married Peter Andre in September 2005; they divorced in 2009. She married Alex Reid in February 2010; they divorced in 2011. In January 2013, she married Kieran Hayler. Price has a son, Harvey (born in May 2002), by footballer Dwight Yorke. He is blind, has ADHD and Prader-Willi syndrome and is autistic. She has a son Junior (born June 2005), and daughter, Princess (born June 2007), by Andre. She has a son, Jett (born August 2013), by Hayler. The couple separated in May 2014. Their daughter was born in August 2014.


title: Regnal name

text: A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name or label which refers to the years of the reign of a monarch or a pope.


title: Regnal name

text: The new name -- or sometimes the old one -- is followed by an ordinal number to create a unique name for the period in which the monarch is on the throne.


title: Richmond Bridge (Tasmania)

text: The Richmond Bridge is a historic bridge in Richmond, north of Hobart in Tasmania, Australia. It is the oldest bridge still in use in Australia.


title: Richmond Bridge (Tasmania)

text: The foundation stone for the Richmond Bridge was laid on 11 December 1823 and the bridge was built by convicts. It was completed in 1825. The bridge was originally named Bigge's Bridge after Royal Commissioner, John Thomas Bigge, who recognised the need for the bridge in 1820.


title: Richmond Bridge (Tasmania)

text: In 2005, the bridge was recognised as an outstanding historic place and added to the Australian National Heritage List.


title: Richmond Bridge (Tasmania)

text: In 1832 a guard from the Richmond Gaol was murdered at Richmond bridge. George Grover work including flogging (whipping) the prisoners. He was hated by the convicts. He died after being pushed off the edge of Richmond Bridge while drunk. No one was convicted of his murder.


title: Richmond Bridge (Tasmania)

text: The Richmond Bridge is made from sandstone dug at Butchers Hill, and carried by convicts using hand carts. It has four main arches, with spans of , , , , and . These arches rise from sloping fins with angular leading edges pointed to the flow of the river.


title: Roman house

text: In Ancient Rome, several types of Roman houses existed. Those in Rome were of at least three different types.


title: Roman house

text: Ordinary people lived in apartment blocks called "Insulae", a kind of apartment building. It housed most people of lower- or middle-class status (the plebs). The wealthiest from the upper-middle class (the equites) had their own homes.


title: Roman house

text: Insulae were of poor quality, but they did have running water and sanitation. Rooms could be owned or rented. They were built in timber, mud brick, and later primitive concrete. They were restricted in height to about 20 metres.


title: Roman house

text: Fires and collapses happened. Among his many business interests, Marcus Licinius Crassus speculated in real estate and owned numerous "insulae" in the city. When one collapsed from poor construction, Cicero said that Crassus was happy that he could charge higher rents for a new building than the collapsed one.


title: Roman house

text: Houses of the rich and upper classes were lavish. The atrium was the most important part of the house. It was where guests were greeted. The atrium was open in the centre, surrounded at least in part by porticoes with high ceilings, that often contained only a little furniture to give the effect of a large space. In the centre was a square roof opening in which rainwater could come, draining inwards from the slanted tiled roof. There were kitchens, bedrooms, a dining room, and a number of open rooms.


title: Roman house

text: The master's office was placed so that the master could see what others were doing. The "domus" was not just a house; it was a place of business as well.


title: Roman house

text: Servants would use a servants' entrance, not the main entrance. Slaves could not leave the house without permission of the master.


title: Roman house

text: A Roman villa was a Roman country house built for the upper classes. There were two kinds of villas. The "villa urbana", was a country seat in easy reach of Rome (or another city). The "villa rustica" was a farm-house estate, like the later English country house. It was occupied by servants who ran the estate.


title: Roman house

text: In the Empire, there was a concentration of Imperial villas near the Gulf of Naples, on the Isle of Capri, at Monte Circeo on the coast and at Antium (Anzio). Wealthy Romans escaped the summer heat in the hills round Rome, especially around Frascati (such as Hadrian's Villa). Cicero had at least seven villas. The oldest of these was near Arpinum, which he inherited. Pliny the Younger had three or four, of which the example near Laurentium is the best known from his descriptions.


title: Roman house

text: Large villas were important to the Roman economy. They dominated the Po valley, Campania, and Sicily, and were also found in Gaul. Villas were centres of mining, pottery, or horse raising. Villas specializing in shipping olive oil to Roman legions in Germany were a feature of the southern Iberian province of Hispania Baetica. Some luxurious villas have been excavated in North Africa in Africa Province and Numidia, or Fishbourne Palace in Britannia.


title: Birch

text: A birch tree is a thinleaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula. They are in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams.


title: Birch

text: "Betula" contains 30 to 60 species of which 11 are on the IUCN 2011 Green List of Threatened Species. They are usually rather short-lived pioneer species widespread in the Northern Hemisphere.


title: Gers

text: Gers (Gascon: "Gers") is a department in the Occitanie region in the southwest of France named after the Gers river.


title: Gers

text: Gers is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the old provinces of Guyenne and Gascony.


title: Gers

text: The new department had six districts: Auch, Lectoure, Condom, Nogaro, L'Isle-Jourdain and Mirande. The capital (now prefecture) was Auch.


title: Gers

text: The main rivers of the department are the Garonne and the Gers, a left tributary of the Garonne. Other rivers are Save, Gimone, Arrats, Baïse and Osse.


title: Gers

text: The highest point in the department is "Mont de Chapelle Saint Roch" (), in west central Pyrénées near the border with the Hautes-Pyrénées department, with an altitude of .


title: Gers

text: The climate of Gers is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.


title: Gers

text: The annual rainfall in the department varies from over in the southwest of the department, to less than in the northeast (Auch, Condom and Lectoure).


title: Gers

text: Summers are very hot and dry, the temperatures often exceed . Winters vary, often with frost, but the climate remains mild and dry.


title: Gers

text: The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Gers" in Auch. Gers is part of the region of Occitanie.


title: Gers

text: The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Gers department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Gers

text: Gers has a population, in 2014, of 190,625, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Auch, with 87,118 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Condom and Mirande, have respectively 65,562 and 37,945 inhabitants.


title: Gers

text: The economy in Gers revolves primarily around agriculture and culinary tourism. The department is a producer of maize, wheat, rapeseed, sunflower.


title: Ivory

text: Ivory is a hard yellowsh-white material made from the tusks and teeth of animals such as elephants, hippopotamuses and walruses. Ivory is now very rare and expensive since there are restrictions on hunting elephants for ivory. There are also laws against the trade of ivory. Some countries (including Zimbabwe and South Africa) argue that these laws should be removed or changed, to allow them to sell some ivory.


title: Ivory

text: Ivory has been used to make piano keys, billiard balls, handles and small ornaments. Ivory has been used in artworks, such as carvings, since ancient times.


title: Diesel fuel

text: Diesel oil or diesel fuel is a type of fuel for cars. It is also an oil used for an energy source. It is made from petroleum and from various other sources.


title: Warren Beatty

text: Henry Warren Beaty (born March 30, 1937) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and director. He has been nominated for 15 Academy Awards. He won the Best Director Award. He has been nominated for 16 Golden Globe Awards and won six. Beatty was nominated for four Oscars for "Heaven Can Wait". He won an Oscar for "Reds".


title: Warren Beatty

text: Beatty was born in Richmond, Virginia. His mother was Canadian teacher Kathlyn Corinne and doctor Ira Owens. He was raised in Arlington, Virginia. His older sister is actress Shirley MacLaine. He studied at Northwestern University for a year from 1954 through 1955.


title: Warren Beatty

text: Beatty enlisted in the California Air National Guard on February 11, 1960 under his original name, Henry W. Beaty. On January 1, 1961, Beatty was discharged from the Air National Guard due to physical disability.


title: Warren Beatty

text: Beatty started his career making appearances on television shows such as "Studio One" (1957), "Kraft Television Theatre" (1957), and "Playhouse 90" (1959). He was a semi-regular on "The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis" during its first season (1959–60). Beatty made his movie debut in Elia Kazan's "Splendor in the Grass" (1961), opposite Natalie Wood.


title: Warren Beatty

text: In 1967, when he was 28, he produced and acted alongside Faye Dunaway and Gene Hackman in "Bonnie and Clyde". It was a critical and commercial success, and was nominated for ten Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor, and seven Golden Globe Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor.


title: Warren Beatty

text: After "Bonnie and Clyde", Beatty acted with Elizabeth Taylor in "The Only Game in Town" (1970), directed by George Stevens; "McCabe & Mrs. Miller" (1971), directed by Robert Altman; "Dollars" (1971), directed by Richard Brooks; "The Parallax View" (1974), directed by Alan J. Pakula; and "The Fortune" (1975), directed by Mike Nichols.


title: Warren Beatty

text: Beatty starred in "Reds" (1981), an historical epic about American Communist journalist John Reed who observed the Russian October Revolution. Beatty won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director.


title: Warren Beatty

text: Following "Reds", Beatty did not appear in a movie for five years until 1987's "Ishtar", written and directed by Elaine May.


title: Warren Beatty

text: Beatty produced, directed and played the title role as comic strip based detective Dick Tracy in the 1990 movie of the same name. The movie received critical acclaim and was one of the highest-grossing movies of the year. It received seven Academy Award nominations, winning three for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Original Song. It also received four Golden Globe Award nominations, including Best Motion Picture. In 1998, he wrote, produced, directed and starred in the political satire "Bulworth", which was critically acclaimed and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.


title: Warren Beatty

text: Following the very bad box office performance of "Town & Country" (2001), in which Beatty starred, he did not appear in or direct another movie for 15 years.