title: Monophysitism

text: Later, Monothelitism was developed as an attempt to bridge the gap between the Monophysite and the Chalcedonian position, but it too was rejected by the members of the Chalcedonian synod, despite at times having the support of the Byzantine emperors and one of the Popes of Rome, Honorius I. Some are of the opinion that Monothelitism was at one time held by the Maronites, but the Maronite community, for the most part, dispute this, stating that they have never been out of communion with the Catholic Church.


title: Histone

text: Core histones are highly conserved proteins, that is, there are very few differences among the amino acid sequences of the histone proteins of different species. Linker histone usually has more than one form within a species and is also less conserved than the core histones.


title: Monophysitism

text: Miaphysitism, the christology of the Oriental Orthodox churches, is sometimes considered a variant of Monophysitism, but these churches view their theology as distinct from Monophysitism and anathematize Eutyches.


title: Alessandro Santos

text: Santos was born in Maringá, Brazil on July 20, 1977. He moved to Japan in 1994. After graduating from Meitoku Gijuku High School, he joined J1 League club Shimizu S-Pulse in 1997. He played as many matches as left side midfielder from first season. In 1999, the club won the 2nd place and he received the "J.League MVP". In Asia, the club won the champions 1999–00 Asian Cup Winners' Cup and the 3rd place 2000–01 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. In 2004, he joined Urawa Reds. After won the 2nd place at J1 League for 2 years in a row (2004, 2005), the club won the champions in 2006 J1 League. In January 2007, he was loaned out to Red Bull Salzburg. He went back to Urawa in January 2008. He received a serious injury in a test match and had only one appearance in this season. In July 2009, he agreed to move to Nagoya Grampus. He made 55 appearances for the club, before joining J2 League side Tochigi SC for the 2013 season. He made 25 appearances there, scoring twice. In January 2014, he joined fellow J2 League team FC Gifu.


title: Alessandro Santos

text: In November 2001, Santos obtained Japanese citizenship. He made his first appearance for Japan national team on March 21, 2002 against Ukraine, and he was part of Philippe Troussier's selection for the 2002 World Cup. He was the second foreign-born person to play for Japan in the World Cup after Wagner Lopes, who played in the 1998 World Cup and also the fifth naturalized citizen to play for Japan after Daishiro Yoshimura, George Yonashiro, Ruy Ramos, and Lopes.


title: Alessandro Santos

text: Since Zico took over as the national team manager, Santos was a constant on the left side of the Japanese lineup, as a side back in 4-4-2 formation or midfielder in 3-5-2 formation. At 2004 Asian Cup, he played full time in all 6 matches and Japan won the champions. He was selected to Japan's 2006 World Cup squad in May 2006, providing an assist for Keiji Tamada in a group stage match against his former country Brazil. He played 82 games and scored 7 goals for Japan until 2006.


title: Great Dane

text: The Great Dane is a large breed of dog. They are about or taller at the shoulder. Great Danes can have coats of a fawn color, black, Harlequin (a combination of black and white spots), blue, brindle, or mantle. The females are usually smaller and weight on an average of . Males are slightly larger.


title: Liquid crystal

text: Liquid crystals are special substances that are usually liquid, but that show certain properties of a solid crystal. A liquid crystal (LC) may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be rotated in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of liquid crystal phases. Different phases are different because their optical properties are different. Using a microscope and a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will have different textures. This is also shown in the image.


title: Nematomorpha

text: The Nematomorpha (horsehair worms) are a phylum of parasitic cycloneuralian animals. They look similar to nematode worms and live in similar environments, which is why their names are similar. They are sometimes called Gordiacea.


title: Hitachi

text: Hitachi is a large Japanese manufacturing company. It was created in Tokyo in 1910. Hitachi is involved with small electrical items and large-scale projects, including one of the nuclear reactors at the Fukushima nuclear power plant.


title: Liquid crystal

text: The contrasting areas in the texture each correspond to a domain where the LC molecules are rotated in a different direction. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in an LC phase (just as water is not always in the liquid phase: it may also be found in the solid and gaseous phase).


title: Nematomorpha

text: They range in size from long and in extreme cases may be up to 2 meters long. They are in diameter. Horsehair worms can be discovered in damp areas such as watering troughs, streams, puddles, and cisterns.


title: Nematomorpha

text: The adult worms are free living and, in North America, are usually found only in the summer months in or near shallow water.


title: Nematomorpha

text: The larvae are parasitic on arthropods: beetles, cockroaches, grasshoppers and crickets. These are their final hosts, but since they do not live in water, the nematomorph life cycle has an extra stage.


title: Nematomorpha

text: A day or two after they come out of their hosts, the adult worms mate in the water, and then around mid-August or Mid-October, they lay their eggs in the water. It takes about a month for the larvae to develop inside the egg. Once the larvae hatch, they somehow get into gastropods (like snails and slugs), insects, or earthworms, which live in moist habitats. There they build a cyst, and grow. The animal they grow inside is called an interim (temporary) host, because a final host is still needed.


title: Nematomorpha

text: Next, developing nematomorph worms can be found in their final hosts (beetles, etc.). It is not clear how they get there, but probably the final host eats the interim host with the larvae inside them. After they appear in the final host, the nematomorphs begin to eat it from the inside.


title: Nematomorpha

text: The nematomorph may control the host, leading it towards water and even causing it to jump into the water. Then it breaks out of the beetle in or near the water and finds a knot of other worms. There it can mate.


title: Aylesbury

text: Aylesbury is the county town of Buckinghamshire in south central England. It had a population in 2001 of 65,173. Aylesbury is near London. Aylesbury was a major market town in Anglo-Saxon times. Aylesbury replaced Buckingham as the county town of Buckinghamshire in 1529 by order of King Henry VIII.


title: Watford

text: In 2011, it had a population of 131,928 people, making it Hertfordshire's largest settlement. Despite being Hertfordshire's largest town, the county town is Hertford.


title: Louis Bonaparte

text: Louis Bonaparte ("Lodewijk Napoleon" in Dutch) (1779-1846), was the younger brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him the King of the Kingdom of Holland in 1806. When Louis disagreed with Napoleon's policies, he dispatched troops against Holland. Louis abdicated in 1810 and lived most of the remainder of his life in Italy. He served with his brother in the Italian campaign of 1796–97 and in Egypt in 1798–99.


title: Educational psychology

text: Educational psychology is a branch of psychology. It has ancient roots, but was mostly developed in the 20th century. It has two "faces", the scientific and the humanistic.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: Ferdinand Marie, Vicomte () de Lesseps, GCSI (19 November 1805 – 7 December 1894) was the French developer of the Suez Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas in 1869. He also tried to build a Panama Canal during the 1880s, but malaria and yellow fever was so bad that he gave up and the Panama Canal Company went bankrupt. A different canal was later built by the United States and completed in 1914.


title: Aylesbury

text: It is a popular London commuter town, thanks to its easy access to the A41, directly leading to the M25.


title: Watford

text: Watford is located 17.5 miles north west of Central London and 16.7 miles (27.02 km) south west of Hertford and is on the banks of the River Colne.


title: Louis Bonaparte

text: Louis was born Luigi Buonaparte in Ajaccio, Corsica to Carlo Bonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. He was the younger brother of Joseph, Napoleon, Lucien and Elisa, and the older brother of Pauline, Caroline and Jérôme.


title: Educational psychology

text: Education as an objective science was strongly promoted around 1900 by Alfred Binet and Edward Thorndike. Binet it was who invented the first intelligence tests, and they were extended and promoted in English by Louis Terman. Binet's ideas were sympathetic to Thorndike, who was above all interested in turning psychology into a real science by research, measurement and empirical evidence. The arrival of World War I caused a huge conscription of men into the fighting services. Sorting out men of all types was an urgent problem. The intelligence tests proved to be very useful at helping get the right men into the right jobs. Not surprisingly, the use of IQ tests continued in education, where a similar problem of sorting out occurs in unselected public school enrollments.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: Ferdinand de Lesseps was born at Versailles, Yvelines, in 1805. His first years were spent in Italy, where his father was a diplomat.


title: Watford

text: Watford is one of the few places that are not in London to have a London Underground station and to be on the "Tube Map". Watford has four mainline train stations, Watford Junction, Watford High Street, Watford North and Garston, as well as the tube station.


title: Louis Bonaparte

text: His early career was spent in the army and he served with Napoleon in Egypt. Thanks to Napoleon, he was a general by the age of 25, although he himself felt that he had risen too far in too short a time. Upon his return to France, he was involved in Napoleon's plot to overthrow the Directory. After becoming first consul, Napoleon arranged a marriage for Louis to Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of Empress Josephine and Napoleon's stepdaughter. Hortense, who was opposed to the marriage, was convinced by her mother to marry Louis for the sake of the family.


title: Educational psychology

text: The other way to look at educational psychology is to notice that a child is a growing person. Unlike most adults, the child is open to influence. Education does change a child. The emphasis on the child as a growing person is typical of humanistic psychology. It has many supporters, especially at primary school level. Examples of educators whose interest was humanistic include Johann Pestalozzi, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. This type of approach is called "child-centered" education.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: In 1828 de Lesseps was sent as an assistant vice-consul to Tunis, where his father was consul-general. He aided the escape of Youssouff, pursued by the soldiers of the Bey, of whom he was one of the officers, for violation of the seraglio law.


title: Watford

text: Watford Junction is on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow Central and is also on the London Overground Watford DC line to London Euston. Watford High Street is also on this line. Watford North and Garston are on the Abbey Line to St Albans Abbey. Watford tube station is on the Metropolitan line.


title: Louis Bonaparte

text: Napoleon made him king of Holland on June 5, 1806. He took his duties as king seriously, calling himself Koning Lodewijk I (adopting the Dutch form of his name). He practiced speaking the Dutch language and tried to be a responsible, independent ruler of Holland. His attempt at speaking the language earned him some respect from his subjects. He declared that he was Dutch and renounced his French citizenship. He also forced his court and ministers (mostly supplied by Napoleon) to speak only the Dutch language. This was too much for his wife Hortense who refused his request and left Holland. Two major tragedies occurred during his reign: the explosion of a ship filled with gunpowder in the heart of the city of Leiden in 1807, and a major flood in 1809. In both, Louis personally and effectively oversaw local relief efforts, which helped earn him the nickname Louis the Good.


title: Educational psychology

text: How these two approaches are balanced varies in different countries. Many countries have arrangements for certified psychologists to inluence schools and help children.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: In 1832 de Lesseps was appointed vice-consul at Alexandria, and in 1833 he became consul in Cairo, and soon afterwards given the management of the consulate general at Alexandria, until 1837. Near the end of 1837 he returned to France, and on 21 December married Agathe Delamalle (Garches, Hauts-de-Seine, 15 October 1819 – Paris, 13 July 1853), daughter of the prosecuting attorney at the court of Angers. They had five sons.


title: Watford

text: Watford has a professional football club, Watford FC, who have played in the Premier League. They play their home matches at Vicarage Road Stadium.


title: Louis Bonaparte

text: His reign of the Netherlands was short lived, due to a quarrel with his brother. Napoleon wanted Dutch troops for his French invasion of Russia. Louis refused; Napoleon didn't help defend the kingdom, and the British invaded. Napoleon then suggested that Louis should abdicate but he refused. Napoleon removed Louis from the Dutch throne and annexed the Kingdom of Holland on July 1, 1810.


title: Educational psychology

text: These posts are now called 'educational and child psychology' in the United Kingdom. Since a training overhaul in 2006, there is a 3-year taught doctorate similar to that of clinical psychology. In the United States it is still called school psychology. Educational and child psychology is the practice of applied psychology with children and families in the context of education and is usually based within a government local authority.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: In 1839 he was appointed consul at Rotterdam, and in the following year transferred to Málaga, the ancestral home of his mother's family. In 1842 he was sent to Barcelona, and soon afterwards promoted to the grade of consul general. From 1848 to 1849 he was minister of France at Madrid.


title: Louis Bonaparte

text: After his kingdom was taken from him, Louis remained in Holland for nearly three years and turned to writing and poetry. Louis wrote to Napoleon, after the disastrous Russian campaign, to restore him to the Dutch throne. Predictably, Napoleon refused and Louis returned to France in 1813.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: In 1849 the government of the French Republic sent him to Rome to negotiate the return of Pope Pius IX to the Vatican. He tried to negotiate an agreement whereby Pope Pius could return peacefully to the Vatican but also ensuring the continued independence of Rome. But during negotiations, the elections in France caused a change in the foreign policy of the government.


title: Louis Bonaparte

text: After the death of his elder brother Joseph in 1844, Louis was seen by Bonapartists as the rightful Emperor of the French, although he took little action himself to advance the claim. His son and heir, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, on the other hand, was at that time imprisoned in France for having tried to engineer a coup d'état. Louis died on July 25 1846, making his youngest son the future Napoleon III.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: He was created on 30 August 1851 the 334th Commander and then the 200th Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: De Lesseps then retired from the diplomatic service, and never again occupied any public office. In 1853 he lost his wife and his son Ferdinand Victor at a few days' interval. In 1854, the accession to the viceroyalty of Egypt of Said Pasha gave de Lesseps a new impulse to act upon the creation of a Suez Canal.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: Said Pasha invited de Lesseps to pay him a visit, and on 7 November 1854 he landed at Alexandria; on the 30th of the same month Said Pasha signed the concession authorizing him to build the Suez Canal.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: De Lesseps died at Château de La Chesnaye in Guilly, Vatan, Indre, on 7 December 1894. He was buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: His name was used in a speech by Egyptian President Gamal Nasser as the codeword to order the raiding of the Suez Canal Company's offices on 26 July 1956, the first step to its nationalization. In the course of the raid and seizure of the canal by Nasser, the statue of de Lesseps at the entrance of the Suez Canal was removed from its pedestal, to symbolize the end of European ownership of the waterway. The statue now stands in a small garden of the Port Fouad shipyard.


title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: Parker, Matthew. Panama Fever: The Epic Story of One of the Greatest Human Achievements of All Time - the Building of the Panama Canal. New York: Doubleday,


title: Ediacaran

text: The Ediacaran period (about 635–541 million years BC), is named after the Ediacara Hills of South Australia. It is the last geological period of the Proterozoic eon. The Edicaran is followed by the Cambrian, the first period of the Palaeozoic.


title: Ediacaran

text: The period is famous for the first larger-bodied fossils, which are probably the first recorded metazoans. These were impressions or trace fossils, first found in England's Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Geologists did not know what they had found. It was over 60 years later before fossils from the same period were found in South Australia.


title: Ediacaran

text: The status of the Ediacaran as an official geological period was confirmed in 2004 by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). This made it "the first new geological period declared in 120 years".


title: Ediacaran

text: The Ediacaran period was previously called the Vendian period. The Vendian period was proposed in 1952 by Russian geologist/paleontologist Boris Sokolov. The term "Vendian" is still widely used.


title: Ediacaran

text: The two terms are not the same. The Vendian was a longer period: it included the whole of the Marinoan glaciation, of Snowball Earth fame. In other words, the Vendian included the last part of the Cryogenian period.


title: Ediacaran

text: The Ediacaran lasted for about 90 million years. It began at the end of the Cryogenian Snowball Earth. It ended with the first appearance worldwide of some kinds of trace fossils ("Trichophycus pedum") at the base of the Cambrian. The Ediacaran period's start is defined at the base of a carbonate layer, referred to as a "cap carbonate". This caps glacial deposits and shows a sudden climatic change at the end of the Marinoan ice age. The period ended with the mass extinction of almost all the Ediacaran fauna.


title: Ediacaran

text: The Ediacaran biota include the oldest definite multicellular organisms. The fossils are traces or impressions of soft-bodies forms with segments, fronds, disks, or bags. Skeletons or shells are not found.


title: Brentford F.C.

text: Brentford F.C. is an English football club. They are based in Brentford in London and they play their home games at a stadium called Griffin Park. Brentford were formed in 1889 and have the nickname "The Bees".


title: Nigel Mansell

text: Nigel Ernest James Mansell OBE (born 8 August 1953 in Upton-upon-Severn, Worcestershire) is a British racing driver from England who won both the Formula One World Championship (1992) and CART World Series (1993). He is the only person in history to hold both titles simultaneously, and was the first person to win the CART title in his debut season. During the early nineties, Mansell was commonly known, by the British media especially, as "Our Nige".


title: Nigel Mansell

text: His career in Formula One spanned 15 seasons, with his final two full seasons of top-level racing being spent in the CART series. Mansell remains the most successful British Formula One driver of all-time in terms of race wins with 31 victories, and is fifth overall on the Formula One race winners list behind Lewis Hamilton, Michael Schumacher, Alain Prost, and Ayrton Senna. He was rated in the top 10 Formula One drivers of all time by Murray Walker, who was a Formula One commentator for 50 years. In 2008, American sports television network ESPN ranked him 24th on their top drivers of all-time.


title: Nigel Mansell

text: Mansell raced in the GP Masters series and signed a one-off race deal for the Scuderia Ecosse GT race team to drive their number 63 Ferrari430 GT2 car at Silverstone on 6 May 2007.


title: Texas Instruments

text: Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is a electronics company that makes semiconductors and other electronics, such as calculators. The company started in 1924 in Tulsa, Oklahoma as "Geophysical Research Corporation", a subsidiary of Amerada Petroleum. In 1930, they started a new independent company called Geophysical Service, Incorporated. It became a subsidiary of General Instruments in 1951. The same year the name was changed to Texas Instruments (TI). The company is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Today TI is the third largest manufacturer of semiconductors in the world after Intel and Samsung. It is the second largest supplier of chips for cellular handsets after Qualcomm. TI is the largest producer of digital signal processors (DSPs) and analog semiconductors. They also make a wide range of other semiconductor products.


title: Red Velvet (group)

text: Red Velvet is a South Korean girl group. It was formed in 2014 with four members: Wendy; Irene; Joy; and Seulgi. Their first song called "Happiness" was released in August 2014. Later in March of 2015, their label, SM Entertainment, added Yeri to the group. Since then, the group has been active with five members.


title: Rose Byrne

text: Rose Mary Byrne (born 24 July 1979) is a Golden Globe nominated Australian actress. She was born in Balmain, New South Wales, Australia.


title: Talking Heads

text: Talking Heads was a rock band from the United States. The band first became popular in the late 1970s.


title: Mensa International

text: Mensa International (or just Mensa) is the largest, oldest and most famous high-IQ group of people in the world. The non-profit organization only has members with high IQs. They must score at the 98th percentile or higher on a standardized, supervised intelligence test. In many cases the IQ you have to have to join is 130.


title: Aedes aegypti

text: Aedes aegypti, also called yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread the dengue fever, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses, and other diseases.


title: Donald Glover

text: Donald McKinley Glover Jr. (born September 25, 1983) is an American actor, rapper, singer, songwriter, comedian, musician and record producer.


title: Alberto Moreno

text: Alberto Moreno Pérez (born 5 July 1992) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Liverpool and Spain national team as a defender in the left back position.


title: Privateer

text: A privateer was a privately-owned ship that was given an official government letter of marque to raid enemy shipping during wartime. The term also applies to sailors on such ships.


title: Nabucco

text: Nabucco is an opera by Giuseppe Verdi. Verdi composed it in 1841. It was first perfomed at La Scala, in Milan in 1842. It has two main themes, the Jews wanting to escape from Babylonian servitude, and Nebuchadnezzar II, called Nabucco, overestimating his power, and wanting to become a god. Nabucco goes insane while trying, and only when he becomes the God of the jews, is he cured from his insanity.


title: Polyamory

text: Polyamory is the practice of being in a romantic or sexual relationship with more than one partner at once. People who are polyamorous may be in an open relationship (where everyone involved can have romance and sex with whoever they want) or may be in a closed group where the partners are expected to be romantic and sexual only with each other. Being in a closed polyamorous group is also known as polyfidelity. The word polyamory can be used as an umbrella term for relationships that are not monogamous, have multiple partners, or are non-exclusive.


title: Talking Heads

text: Talking Heads had an early influence on other musical groups by combining the sounds of punk, art rock, funk, dance and world music with an avant-garde style and the anxious way David Byrne sang on stage.


title: Aedes aegypti

text: The mosquito can be recognized by white markings on legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the thorax. It is a small mosquito, with a body length of about half one centimeter.


title: Donald Glover

text: He is best known for portraying the character Troy Barnes on the comedy television series "Community". He was originally a writer for the comedy series "30 Rock".


title: Nabucco

text: The opera has four acts, and performances last about 2hrs 15 minutes. Nabucco was Verdi's first successful opera.


title: Talking Heads

text: Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine said Talking Heads was "one of the most critically acclaimed bands of the '80s."


title: Donald Glover

text: Aside from acting, Glover is also a rapper where he performs under the stage name Childish Gambino. He said that he got his stage name from the Wu-Tang Clan name generator.


title: Talking Heads

text: Four of the band's albums appeared on "Rolling Stone's" list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Three of their songs ("Psycho Killer," "Life During Wartime," and "Once in a Lifetime") were listed in "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll". Talking Heads were also included at #64 on VH1's list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time." In the 2011 update of "Rolling Stone's" "100 Greatest Artists of All Time," the band was ranked at No. 100.


title: Donald Glover

text: From 2006 to 2009 Glover wrote for "30 Rock." In 2008 he and his co-writers were presented with the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Comedy Series for his work on the third season.


title: Donald Glover

text: In June 2008, he released the independent mixtape "Sick Boi". In September 2009, he released his second mixtape "Poindexter".


title: Donald Glover

text: In July 2010, Glover received the Rising Comedy Star award at the Just for Laughs festival and was featured in Gap's 2010 holiday advertising campaign.


title: Donald Glover

text: He released a couple albums and mixtapes by himself before he released his first album "Camp" for Glassnote Records on November 15, 2011.


title: Donald Glover

text: In 2015 he played a scientist who brings dead people back to life with disastrous consequences in "The Lazarus Effect".


title: Donald Glover

text: In May 2018, he released a single titled "This Is America" while performing as both host and musical guest on "Saturday Night Live". The song debuted at number one, becoming both Glover's first number one and top ten single in the United States.


title: Donald Glover

text: Glover began dating Michelle White and they had three sons Legend Glover, Drake Glover and Donald Glover III.


title: Donald Glover

text: Glover stated actors like Cuba Gooding Jr., Tom Hanks, Giancarlo Esposito, Robert Wisdom, Johnny Depp, Benicio del Toro, Freddie Prinze Jr., Charlie Sheen, Nicolas Cage, Wes Studi, Vin Diesel, Val Kilmer, John Ritter, Will Smith, Brendan Fraser and John Travolta and music artists like Kanye West, Kid Cudi, Outkast, Lupe Fiasco, Frank Ocean, Schooley Q, MF Doom, LCD Soundsystem, Justice, Wu-Tang Clan, Ghostface Killah and The-Dream as influences.


title: Donnie Darko

text: Donnie Darko is a 2001 American psychological supernatural drama thriller movie. It was written and directed by Richard Kelly. It is set in Middlesex, Virginia in 1988.


title: Antiderivative

text: Antidifferentiation (also called indefinite integration) is the process of finding a certain function in calculus. It is the opposite of differentiation. It is a way of processing a function to give another function (or class of functions) called an antiderivative. Antidifferentiation is like integration—but without limits. This is why it is called indefinite integration. When represented as single letters, antiderivatives often take the form of capital roman letters such as formula_1 and formula_2.


title: Radha

text: Radha is a Hindu goddess and the chief consort of Krishna. She is worshiped as the goddess of love, compassion, tenderness and devotion. Radha is the avatar of Lakshmi and is also considered as the "hladini" shakti or feminine counterpart of Krishna. Every year, Radha's birth anniversary is celebrated as "Radhashtami".


title: Arecibo message

text: The Arecibo message was a short radio message sent into space to celebrate the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974. It was aimed at the globular star cluster M13, about 25,000 light years from Earth. M13 was chosen because it was the right size, and was in the sky at the right time and place for the ceremony.


title: Donnie Darko

text: The movie did not earn much money when it was first shown in theaters, but it became much more popular when it came out on DVD.


title: Antiderivative

text: When there are many terms, we can integrate the entire function by integrating its components one by one:


title: Radha

text: In many Vaishnavism traditions including - Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Pushtimarg, Nimbark sampradaya, Vaishnav Sahijya, Swaminarayan sampradaya, Radha-vallabh sampradaya, Manipuri Vaishnavism and Mahanam sampradaya, Radha is revered as the supreme goddess and is worshiped along with Krishna.


title: Arecibo message

text: Dr. Frank Drake, then at Cornell University and creator of the famous Drake equation, wrote the message, with help from Carl Sagan, among others. The message was in seven parts which show:


title: Antiderivative

text: To integrate a bracket like formula_22, a different method is needed. It is called the chain rule. It is like simple integration, but it only works if the formula_5 in the bracket is linear (has a power of 1), such as formula_5 or formula_25—but "not" formula_26 or formula_27.


title: Radha

text: Radha is the prominent Hindu deity and has significant influence on the Indian culture, paintings, performance arts and literary works. Gita Govinda is the popular literary work based on Radha and Krishna which has further inspired other literary works, paintings and dance forms including classical Manipuri dance.


title: Arecibo message

text: It will take 25,000 years for the message to reach the stars, and at least another 25,000 years to get any reply. This means the Arecibo message was a show of human technological achievement, not a real attempt to talk to extraterrestrial life. The stars of M13 that the message was aimed at will no longer be in that location when the message arrives. Cornell University said on November 12, 1999, the real purpose of the message was not to make contact, but to show the power of the new equipment. (Cornell University had built and operated the radio telescope for the United States National Science Foundation.)


title: Arecibo message

text: The message consisted of 1679 binary digits, about 210 bytes. It was transmitted at a frequency of 2380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz, with a power of 1000 kW. The "ones" and "zeros" were transmitted by frequency shifting at the rate of 10 bits per second. The total broadcast was less than three minutes.


title: Arecibo message

text: The cardinality of 1679 was chosen because it is a semiprime. It can be arranged as a rectangle of 73 rows by 23 columns. The other arrangement, 23 rows by 73 columns, does not produce a meaningful result. The message forms the image shown on the right, or its inverse, when translated into graphics characters and spaces.


title: Arecibo message

text: In 2009 the band Boxcutter made an album called the "Arecibo Message", which has a lot of short songs.


title: Obafemi Martins

text: Obafemi Martins (born 28 October 1984) is a Nigerian football player. He plays for Seattle Sounders FC and Nigeria national team.


title: Fluoxetine

text: Fluoxetine hydrochloride, also known by its trade name Prozac, is an antidepressant medication. It is used to treat a variety of mental illnesses, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and others. Fluoxetine is one of a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: The beginning of the modern history of the state of Saudi Arabia is argueably when an Islamic reformer named Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab and a local ruler named Muhammad bin Saud founded the Emirate of Diriyah in the year 1744. It was founded in the area of Nejd, the central part of the Arabian Peninsula. The Sa'udi emirate's leadership can be viewed as a traditional form of rule within communities of Arabia in the 18th century. Over the next century and a half the family went through a lot of opposition and hurdles. The family faced opposition from powerful families of Arabia but also rulers of Egypt and the Ottoman Empire.


title: Fluoxetine

text: There are newer drugs available to treat these conditions. Nevertheless, fluoxetine remains very popular. Over 23.1 million prescriptions were filled in the United States in 2006. This makes it the third most prescribed antidepressant.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: In 1902 Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, also known as Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, took over the city of Riyadh from another family named Al-Rashid. He continued to win more areas, and on 8 January 1926, he became the King of Hejaz and the Sultan of Nejd. On 20 May in 1927, the government of the United Kingdom accepted him as the King of those areas ruled by him (the Nejd and Hejaz). His kingdom now became a sovereignty. The modern nation state of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 as 'the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia' declared by King Abdul-Aziz Al-Saud. Petroleum oil was found in Saudi Arabia on 3 March in 1938, which made the country rich since the export of oil started to bring in a lot of money.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: But the history of the Arabian Peninsula contains more history, which led to the development of the Saudi state. Inhabitants and cultures can be traced back 63,000 years ago. The most significant event that happened in the Peninsula is the rise of the Islamic religion presented by Prophet Muhammad. The Rashidun Caliphate, Umayyad Caliphate, Abbasid Caliphate and Fatimid Caliphate all occupied the Arabian Peninsula and thus helped it develop to how we know it today. More dynasties were there in history, but the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina were under the protection of the Hashemite Sharifs of Mecca from the 10th century onwards.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: When discussing pre-Islamic Arabia, we refer to the time before 610 CE. This is the year when the Prophet Muhammad started propagating the religion of Islam and thus when the religion of Islam started to form. The term ‘pre-Islamic Arabia’ is useful because it signals the importance of Islam and its influence in forming the Peninsula as we know it today with all its religions and cultures. But it also shows a relation between the rise of Islam and the native Arabs conquering the world through conquest, trade and innovations.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: This era covers thousands of years with a lot of different cultures and communities. The oldest evidences that point to inhabitants of the Peninsula are estimated to be 63,000 years old. There are inhabitants that had trading relations with many parts of the ancient world, but the hot and harsh climate had made large settlements difficult. So bedouin groups were naturally also present. Some settlements had always existed around oases; these are places in the deserts where growth and water are available. For instance there was a culture called the Dilmun culture among them, which was very old and existed along the Persian Gulf. It was as old as the ancient civilizations of the Sumerians and Egyptians. But also the Kindite kingdom and other ancient communities were present.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: It is better to refer to the History of Arabia Wiki page when discussing the Pre-Islamic era. This page (History of Saudi Arabia) will cover more of the Post-Islamic era because of its strong relationship with Saudi Arabia.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: The Hejaz area became an important center as Islam rose in the 620s. After Prophet Muhammad of the Quraysh tribe started calling to Islam in 610, the already existing cities of Medina (formerly called "Yathrib") and Mecca eventually became the holiest places of Islam and thus most of Muslims. The number of followers rapidly began to grow after the migration (or Hijra) of Muhammad and his companions in 622 from Mecca to Medina. During the completion of the religion, both these cities became the holiest places in the Muslim World. Masjid al-Haram and Al-Masjid al-Nabaw I am the main locations of pilgrimage where Muslim hopes to visit the Kaaba primarily in Masjid al-Haram and the Prophet's tomb in Al-Masjid al-Nabawi at least once in their lifetime.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: Muhammad and his companions went through the Arabian Peninsula in the following years and united the divided tribes of Arabia under one flag. This led to Medina becoming the capital of the newly established Islamic state ruled by the Prophet Muhammad.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: After Muhammad died in 632, a new head of the state, called caliph, was named: Abu Bakr. He was the first of the four caliphs whose caliphate was called that of the Rashidun, which means 'rightly guided.' After dealing with the Ridda wars, wars against rebellious tribes who rebelled after Muhammad's death, he started to campaign against the Byzantines. Abu Bakr himself did not live to see the results of his initiative after suffering a natural death in 634. But his successors sure did.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: Umar was the second caliph and managed to lead the Muslims to conquer Roman Egypt and even expand to present day Libya in the west. All the way to eventually the Indus River in the east after conquering the Sassanid Empire. Eventually in 644 it was neither the past famines or plagues that killed Umar, but a Persian slave.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: Uthman ibn Affan followed Umar as a caliph and ruled the longest of the four caliphs. In his twelve years of rule he standardized the Qur'an, spread the empire westwards to the Maghreb and even a part of Spain and eastward further into Central Asia. He was also assasinated which lead to Ali ibn Abi Talib being the fourth Sunni caliph and the first Shia imam.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: The death and assassination of Ali ibn Abi Talib in 661 gave birth to a new era where the Umayyad Caliphate thrived and continued to expand the land left by the Rashidun.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: After Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab got exiled from Uyaynah, he sought refuge in Diriyah, where some of his followers were residing. At that time, Muhammad bin Saud was the local chieftain of Diriyah. Two brothers and the wife of Muhammad bin Saud were followers of Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab's ideology. They encouraged cooperation between Muhammad bin Saud and Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab. Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab needed military support to secure his ideology and preaching, while Muhammad bin Saud needed pastoral support. Fulfilling these needs eventually led to an alliance between the scholar Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab and the local ruler Muhammad bin Saud creating the First Saudi State, the Emirate of Diriyah.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: When Muhammad bin Saud died in 1765, his son Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud who was a dedicated student of Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab, became the leader of the Emirate of Diriyah. In his reign, the Emirate of Diriyah expanded in territory throughout the Arabian Peninsula. In the eastern part of the peninsula, Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud got Al-Hasa, Qatar, Al-Buraimi and Bahrain under his influence. In the western part of the Peninsula, Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud conquered parts of the Hejaz region. During the conquests of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud, the Saudi State got involved in a war with the Ottomans. At this stage, the campaigns of the Ottomans against the Saudi State failed, and Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud was expanding his territory inside Ottoman territories. With the death of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud in 1803, his son Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud became ruler. Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud conquered the holy cities of Mecca and Medina for a few years, which gave him the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. Eventually the Egyptians, who were supported and led by the Ottomans, destroyed the powers of Al Saud in 1818. It marked the end of the First Saudi State.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: By 1824, the Al Saud family regained control over parts of the Nejd region. This is seen as the beginning of the Second Saudi State, the Emirate of Nejd. The Saudi ruler, Turki bin Ali, made Riyadh the capital of its state. It remains the capital of the Saudi State today. Turki bin Ali succeeded in retaking most of the lands lost to the Ottomans. In 1865 the Ottomans launched an attack on the Saudi State again. This time with help from the Al Rasheed family of Ha'il, who are another powerful family of the Nejd region. The Al Rasheed family defeated the Saudi State in 1891, which marked the end of the Second Saudi State. Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud, who was the Saudi leader at that time, retreated into the desert and eventually to Kuwait with his family.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: In 1902, Abdul Rahman's son Abdulaziz regained Saudi territory from the Al Rasheed family. He even regained control over Mecca and Medina from 1924 to 1925. In 1932 he declared the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as it is known till today.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: The discussion for Saudi Arabia to fixate definite boundaries with its neighboring countries started from 1920 onwards. It finalized its boundaries with Iraq, Jordan, and Kuwait. On borders with Iraq and Kuwait, two neutral zones were created – one with Iraq and the other one with Kuwait. In 1934, borders with Yemen were almost finalized.In 1965, Saudi Arabia gave some of its areas to Jordan, and Jordan gave some of its areas to Saudi Arabia. In 1971, the neutral zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait was split between these two countries. Likewise, Saudi Arabia and Iraq decided in 1981 to split the neutral zone between them. This zone was split between the two countries in 1984.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: Still, Saudi Arabia's borders with the United Arab Emirates and Oman were not final. The border with Qatar was finalized in 2001.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: King Abdul Aziz Al-Saud died in 1953. His son, who was named Saud, became the king. He reigned for 11 years. In 1964, he was forced to step down, and his half-brother, Faisal, became the king. Faisal had the support of the senior members of the royal family and the religious leaders. Faisal also held the post of the Prime Minister. This tradition of being both the King and the Prime Minister still continues in Saudi Arabia. All Kings after Faisal have followed this practice.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: Faisal took several new steps for economic development of Saudi Arabia. During his reign, many important political events also happened like the ones noted below:


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: In 1975, King Faisal was assassinated by one of his nephews. The nephew was found guilty, and he was sentenced to death. King Faisal's half-brother Khalid became the King and the Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia. During the reign of King Khalid, Saudi Arabia's importance in regional politics increased. The economic growth of the country also continued at a steady rate until his death.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: King Khalid died in 1982. After his death, Fahd became the King. At the same time, he also became the Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia. His half-brother Prince Abdullah became the Crown Prince.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: The income of Saudi Arabia became less during King Fahd's reign. This was a result of lower price of petroleum oil. King Fahd's government used an economic policy that helped the country to survive with a lower income.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: King Fahd helped Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war. Iraq's economy had become terrible on account of this war. The King also discussed with these two countries to stop fighting. Both countries (Iran and Iraq) stopped the fight in August 1988. The King also helped in making the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) a more vital organization. The GCC is an organization of six countries Persian Gulf. The purpose of the organization is to increase the development of and cooperation among the member countries.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: In 1990, Saddam Hussain was ruling Iraq. The Gulf War of 1991 was when he invaded Kuwait. Many people thought that his army would also invade Saudi Arabia. King Fahd allowed some Western countries and the USA to send their forces to the country. Many Muslims were against that their most holy land was used by non-Muslim soldiers.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: During and after the Gulf War, King Fahd’s role was vital. During the war, he allowed the entry of the royal family of Kuwait inside Saudi Arabia and was followed by 400,000 other persons from Kuwait to stay temporarily. The King let the troops of countries like the USA mount attacks on Kuwait to liberate it. He also helped arrange support from former Muslim countries for the liberation of Kuwait. Iraqi forces were eventually ousted from Kuwait.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: The presence of troops from Western countries has angered many Muslims. One of them was the rich man Osama bin Laden. He was forced to leave Saudi Arabia when he disagreed and opposed the King of Saudi Arabia. Other than Osma bin Laden and his followers, several other persons and groups did not like the presence of Western troops inside Saudi Arabia.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: Those who opposed the presence of Western troops were persons and groups who attacked people. They tried mainly to attack the foreign forces in Saudi Arabia. Some examples of such attacks are given below:


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: The September 11, 2001 attacks in New York had resulted into many deaths and big destruction. After enquiry, it came to light that out of 19 suspected persons for these attacks, 15 were from Saudi Arabia.


title: History of Saudi Arabia

text: Such things attracted the attention of the government of Saudi Arabia. The government started a policy to check such activities. Even then, terrorist activities of such persons and groups continued.


title: Saab

text: Saab is a Swedish car and airplane maker, started in Trollhattan, Sweden in 1937. Saab started to make cars in 1947. The automobile part of the business is now owned by Spyker Cars. The aviation and defense parts of Saab are owned by the Wallenberg family.


title: Eternity

text: Eternity is a time without beginning or end, or infinite time. It is usually used when talking about heaven or hell.


title: Bamar

text: The Bamar (Burmese: ဗမာလူမျိုး bama loo-myo), Burmese or Burmans are the largest ethnic group in Myanmar. The Bamar live around the Irrawaddy River. They speak the Burmese language, the official language of Myanmar.


title: Sweat gland

text: Sweat glands, (sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands), are small tube-like glands in the skin that create sweat.


title: Bamar

text: The Burmese-speaking people first migrated from Yunnan, China to the Irrawaddy valley in the 7th century. Over the following centuries, the Burmese absorbed other groups like the Pyu. DNA tests show that the Bamar are East Eurasian, related to Southeast Asian and Northeast Asian people. But they also have "Indian influences".


title: Sweat gland

text: The evaporation of sweat helps to cool the body down. Also, in many mammals, the sweat contains a slight scent which other animals can notice.


title: Bamar

text: The Bamar speak Burmese, a Sino-Tibetan language. So basic words are related to Chinese language and Tibetan language. Many words related to Buddhism are borrowed from Pali. The Burmese alphabet itself is based on Indian scripts.


title: Tarsier

text: The tarsiers are prosimian (non-monkey) primates. They got their name from the long bones in their feet. They are now placed together with the simians (monkeys).


title: Singapore Grand Prix

text: The Singapore Grand Prix is a Formula One race staged in the Marina Bay area of Singapore, the race is Formula One's first night race. The first race was won by Spanish driver Fernando Alonso of the Renault F1 team on 28 September 2008.


title: Gilgit

text: Gilgit () is the capital and largest city of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. About 216.000 people live there.


title: Second Industrial Revolution

text: The Second Industrial Revolution was a period when advances in steel production, electricity and petroleum caused a series of innovations that changed society. With the production of cost effective steel, railroads were expanded and more industrial machines were built. Women become a bigger part of the work industry, getting jobs as white collar workers including secretaries and clerks.


title: Tarsier

text: They live in trees, and are entirely nocturnal. Tarsiers are the only primates which are wholly carnivorous. They mainly eat insects, but some are also known to eat birds and snakes. Tarsiers can catch prey like birds even if they are in motion as the tarsiers jump from tree to tree to catch their prey.


title: Second Industrial Revolution

text: Also it was the period when many cities got clean water supplies. This controlled cholera epidemics and other water-carried diseases.


title: Tarsier

text: They have large eyes. Each is about 16 mm wide.They are very sensitive to touch, and weigh as much as their entire brain. Unlike many nocturnal animals, tarsiers lack a light-reflecting area (tapetum lucidum) of the eye. They also have a fovea, which is also not usual in nocturnal animals.


title: Tarsier

text: The tarsier's brain is different from other primates in one respect. The sequence of cell layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus getting information from both eyes is different from the set-up in lemurs, lorises, and monkeys. "This apparent difference distinguishes tarsiers from all other primates, and reinforces the view that they arose in an early, independent line of primate evolution".


title: Tarsier

text: Pregnancy takes about six months, which is a long time for such a small animal. Tarsiers give birth to single offspring.


title: Tarsier

text: They were once widespread, but now tarsiers live only on islands in south-east Asia. Fossils are found in Asia, Europe, and North America, and some disputed fossils from Africa. Living tarsiers are on several southeast Asian islands, including the Philippines, Sulawesi, Borneo, and Sumatra.


title: Tarsier

text: They also have the longest continuous fossil record of any primate. The fossil record shows that their teeth have not changed much, except in size, in the past 45 million years. That means what they eat, and probably their lifestyle, has not changed much, either.


title: Tarsier

text: Tarsiers are said to be the inspiration for the famous movie character Yoda of Star Wars due to their small size but excellent hunting skills.


title: Tarsier

text: One tarsier species, Dian's tarsier ("Tarsius dentatus"), is listed by on the IUCN Red List as being "lower risk – conservation dependent". Horsfield's tarsier ("Cephalopachus bancanus") is listed as "lower risk – least concern". The spectral tarsier ("Tarsius spectrum") is categorized as "lower risk, not threatened". The pygmy tarsier ("Tarsius pumilus") was thought to be extinct until a family were found in 2008. The two males and single female (a fourth escaped) were captured using nets, and were radio collared to track their movements. Other tarsier species are listed as "data deficient".


title: Logitech

text: Logitech (sometimes shortened to Logi) is a Swiss company that makes electronics. They are best known for making peripheral equipment for computers, including webcams, keyboards and computer mice.


title: 8 Mile

text: 8 Mile is a 2002 American drama movie starring rapper Eminem, Kim Basinger, Brittany Murphy and Mekhi Phifer. It is set in 1995 in Detroit, Michigan.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: Jefferson Beauregard "Jeff" Sessions III (born December 24, 1946) is an American politician. He was the 84th United States Attorney General serving from February 9, 2017 to November 7, 2018.


title: IPhone 8

text: iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are smartphones designed and developed by Apple Inc. It was announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the more expensive iPhone X. It was released on September 22, 2017.


title: Logitech

text: Logitech was founded in Apples, Switzerland, in 1981 by graduates of Stanford University Daniel Borel and Pierluigi Zappacosta, and former Olivetti engineer Giacomo Marini.


title: 8 Mile

text: The film tells about a young white rapper living in inner city Detroit. He tries to make a rap career but most rappers are African Americans.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: Before being Attorney General, he was the junior United States Senator from Alabama. He is a member of the Republican Party. At the time of his senate career, he ranked 15th in seniority in the United States Senate. He was the most senior junior Senator upon the retirement of Barbara Boxer in January 2017 to February 2017.


title: IPhone 8

text: The iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus designs are very similar to earlier iPhone designs, with one exception being that it now has a glass back. These two smartphones also allow wireless charging, a feature that allows the smartphone to be charging without needing a wire. Both smartphones also have a faster processor to load apps faster and more efficiently. It also has an improved camera for taking photos with much better quality. The displays on the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are also much improved compared to earlier iPhones, allowing the screen to automatically adjust color balance depending on the ambient light (background light). The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus both have the same internal hardware as the iPhone X, sharing the same processors and same memory space as each other.


title: Logitech

text: In 2007, Logitech licensed Hillcrest Labs' Freespace motion control technology to produce the MX Air Mouse, which allows a user to use natural gestures to control a PC.


title: 8 Mile

text: The film was a critical and financial success. Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Lose Yourself".


title: Jeff Sessions

text: In November 2019, Sessions announced that he would run for his old Senate seat in 2020. He lost the Republican nomination to Tommy Tuberville.


title: Logitech

text: In January 2013, Bracken Darrell became Logitech's chief executive officer; then-CEO Guerrino De Luca continued as Logitech's chairman of the board.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: Sessions was born in Selma, Alabama on December 24, 1946. He was the son of Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, Jr., and the former Abbie Powe. He was raised in Camden, Alabama. Sessions earned B.A. Degree from Huntingdon College and a J.D. Degree from the University of Alabama.


title: Logitech

text: In April 2016, Logitech agreed to pay penalty related to accusations that it and some former executives improperly inflated the company's results for its 2011 fiscal year to meet guidance and other accounting violations.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: From 1981 to 1993, he was U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Alabama. Sessions was elected Attorney General of Alabama in 1994.


title: Logitech

text: On 12 April 2016, Logitech announced that they had agreed to acquire , a leader in wireless audio wearables for sports and active lifestyles, for , with an additional earnout of up to based on achievement of growth targets.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: Sessions was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996 and re-elected in 2002, 2008, and 2014. Sessions was considered one of the most conservative members of the U.S. Senate.


title: Logitech

text: On 15 September 2016, Logitech announced that they had purchased the Saitek brand and assets from Mad Catz for .


title: Jeff Sessions

text: As a senator, he is known for being against illegal immigration and for reducing legal immigration. He supported the major legislative efforts of the George W. Bush administration, including the 2001 and 2003 tax cut packages, the Iraq War, and a proposed national amendment to ban same-sex marriage.


title: Logitech

text: On 26 September 2019, Logitech acquired Streamlabs, producer of software and tools for live-streaming, for approximately $89 million.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: He opposed the establishment of the Troubled Asset Relief Program, the 2009 stimulus bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Repeal Act. As the ranking Republican on the Senate Judiciary Committee, he opposed all three of President Barack Obama's nominees for the Supreme Court.


title: Logitech

text: On 29 July 2021, Logitech, in collaboration with choreographer JaQuel Knight, introduced its #Creators4BIPOC initiative under the Logitech For Creators brand. It allows social media creators, particularly BIPOC influencers, to copyright and monetize their online creations by making it possible for choreographers who amplify attention to hits by major artists in the entertainment business to secure copyright of their choreography using Labanotation and earn royalties from it.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: An early supporter of Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, Sessions was considered as a possible Vice Presidential nominee, but Trump finally chose Indiana governor Mike Pence.


title: Logitech

text: The first mice were made in Switzerland. Now Logitech makes its items all over the world. Selling computer mice made Logitech a big company. In 2008, Logitech made its billionth mouse.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: On November 18, 2016, it was announced that President-elect Donald Trump planned to nominate Sessions for United States Attorney General.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: On January 10, 2017, the Senate Judiciary Committee hearings on his nomination began. The committee approved his nomination February 1 on a straight party-line vote, 11 to 9. The senate narrowly confirmed his nomination on February 8, 2017. He was sworn-in by Vice President Mike Pence on February 9. On May 7, 2018 he announced a new morally questionable policy that separated children from their mothers at the border.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: As U.S. Attorney General, Sessions overturned a memo delivered by Eric Holder to reduce mass incarceration by avoiding mandatory sentencing, and ordered federal prosecutors to begin seeking the maximum criminal charges possible. Sessions allowed law enforcement to seize the property of those suspected but not charged with crimes. A critic of illegal immigration, Sessions adopted a hard-line on so-called sanctuary cities and told reporters that cities that did not follow federal immigration policy would lose federal funding, but failed. As Attorney General, Sessions supported allowing the Department of Justice to prosecute providers of medical marijuana.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: In October 2019, Sessions began exploring a potential candidacy for his old Senate seat in the 2020 election. He announced his Senate run on November 7, 2019.


title: Jeff Sessions

text: Sessions lost the Alabama Senate Primary to Tommy Tuberville on July 14, 2020. A "Washington Post" headline read, "Sessions loses runoff in Alabama as Trump helps end career of key supporter he came to despise."


title: Jeff Sessions

text: Sessions and his wife Mary have three children and six grandchildren. The family is United Methodist. He teaches at Sunday School to children in Mobile, Alabama.


title: Continental Airlines

text: Continental Airlines was an American airline based and headquartered in downtown Houston, Texas. It was founded in 1937. It was the fourth-largest airline in the US based on revenue passenger miles. Since 1998, Continental's marketing slogan had been "Work Hard, Fly Right". Continental Airlines announced on Monday, May 3, 2010, that they were merging with United Airlines. The merger was approved in September 2010, and the parent company changed its name to United Continental Holdings when United completed its acquisition of Continental. The combined airline takes the United Airlines name but uses Continental's globe and livery. There has been negative reaction to the new livery, many of whom were in favor of keeping the iconic "tulip" logo, designed by Saul Bass in 1973.


title: Brine

text: Brine is water that has more than 5% salt in it. It is used for preserving food. For this it is much like vinegar or sugar. Brine is also used to transport heat. Adding salt to water lowers the freezing point of the water. The solubility of salt in water depends on temperature. At 15.5°C, a saturated solution of brine can hold 26.4 % salt by weight. At 0°C, it can hold 23.3% salt.


title: Kim Wilde

text: Kim Wilde (born Kim Smith on 18 November 1960) is a British singer. She was born in Chiswick, Middlesex. She is the eldest child of rock musician Marty Wilde. She had her first hit single, "Kids in America" in 1981. She also released "Kim Wilde", her first album, in 1981. In 1983 Wilde won Best British Female Solo Artist (UK) at the BRIT Awards. Wilde released her most recent album "Wilde Winter Songbook" on 11 November 2013. It is a Christmas album.


title: Polymorphism

text: Polymorphism in biology is when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species. The words "forms" or "morphs" are sometimes used.


title: Continental Airlines

text: Continental operated flights to destinations throughout the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific regions. Together with its subsidiaries it had more than 2,423 daily departures, serving 130 domestic and 132 international destinations and had 42,210 employees (as of December 2009). Principal operations were from its three hubs at Newark Liberty International Airport, George Bush Intercontinental Airport, and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. Continental Micronesia, owned by Continental, operated routes around Micronesia from its hub at Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport in Guam, and connected the Micronesian region with destinations in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Honolulu and Cairns, Australia.


title: Brine

text: Brines also have some pharmaceutical properties, which can be used to treat people, especially those with diseases of the skin, allergies and common colds.


title: Polymorphism

text: Polymorphism is common in nature. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms.


title: Polymorphism

text: In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a population with random mating.


title: Polymorphism

text: The mechanism which decides which of several morphs an individual displays is called the "switch". This switch may be genetic, or it may be environmental. Taking sex determination as the example, in man the determination is genetic, by the XY sex determination system. In Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), sex determination is by haplo-diploidy: the females are all diploid, the males are haploid.


title: Polymorphism

text: However, in some animals an environmental trigger determines the sex: alligators are a good example. In ants the distinction between workers and guards is environmental, by the feeding of the grubs. Polymorphism with an environmental trigger is called polyphenism.


title: Polymorphism

text: The polyphenic system does have a degree of environmental flexibility not present in the genetic polymorphism. However, such environmental triggers are the less common of the two methods.


title: Polymorphism

text: The definition has three parts: a) sympatry: one interbreeding population; b) discrete forms; and c) not maintained just by mutation.


title: Polymorphism

text: Genetic polymorphism is actively and steadily maintained in populations by natural selection. This contrasts with "transient polymorphisms" where a form is progressively replaced by another.


title: Polymorphism

text: By definition, genetic polymorphism relates to a balance or equilibrium between morphs. The mechanisms that conserve it are types of balancing selection.


title: Polymorphism

text: Such a balance is seen more simply in sickle-cell anaemia, which is found mostly in tropical populations in Africa and India.


title: Polymorphism

text: An individual homozygous for the recessive sickle haemoglobin, HgbS, has a short expectancy of life. The life expectancy of the standard haemoglobin (HgbA) homozygote and also the heterozygote is normal (though heterozygote individuals will suffer periodic problems).


title: Polymorphism

text: The sickle-cell variant survives in the population "because the heterozygote is resistant to malaria" and the malarial parasite kills a huge number of people each year.


title: Polymorphism

text: This is heterozygote advantage, a kind of balance between fierce selection against homozygous sickle-cell sufferers, and selection against the standard HgbA homozygotes by malaria. The heterozygote has a permanent advantage (a higher fitness) so long as malaria exists; and it has existed as a human parasite for a long time. Because the heterozygote survives, so does the HgbS allele survive at a rate much higher than the mutation rate.


title: Polymorphism

text: Mammals normally produce lactase only as long as the mother has milk. Then the enzyme lactase is cut off. Modern humans are different.


title: Polymorphism

text: The human ability to drink milk during adult life is supported by a lactase mutation. Human populations have a high proportion of this mutation wherever milk is important to the diet. The spread of milk tolerance is promoted by natural selection: it helps people survive where milk is available.


title: Polymorphism

text: Genetic studies suggest that the oldest mutations associated with lactase persistence only reached appreciable levels in human populations in the last ten thousand years. Therefore, lactase persistence is often cited as an example of recent human evolution. As lactase persistence is genetic, but animal husbandry a cultural trait, this is gene–culture coevolution.


title: Polymorphism

text: Ants exhibit a range of polymorphisms. First, there is their characteristic haplodiploid sex determination system, whereby all males are haploid, and all females are diploid.


title: Polymorphism

text: Second, there is differentiation based mostly on feeding of larvae. This determines, for example, whether the adult is capable of reproduction.


title: Polymorphism

text: Lastly, there is differentiation of size and 'duties' (particularly of females), which are usually controlled by feeding and/or age, but which may sometimes be genetically controlled. Thus the order exhibits both genetic polymorphism and extensive polyphenism.


title: Polymorphism

text: An example of a botanical genetic polymorphism is heterostyly, in which flowers occur in different forms with different arrangements of the pistils and the stamens.


title: Polymorphism

text: Pin and thrum heterostyly occurs in dimorphic species of "Primula", such as "P. vulgaris". There are two types of flower. The pin flower has a long style bearing the stigma at the mouth and the stamens half-way down; and the thrum flower has a short style, so the stigma is half-way up the tube and the stamens are at the mouth.


title: Polymorphism

text: So when an insect in search of nectar inserts its proboscis into a long-style flower, the pollen from the stamens stick to the proboscis in exactly the part that will later touch the stigma of the short-styled flower, and vice versa.


title: Polymorphism

text: Another most important property of the heterostyly system is physiological. If thrum pollen is placed on a thrum stigma, or pin pollen on a pin stigma, the reproductive cells are incompatible and relatively little seed is set. Effectively, this ensures outcrossing, as described by Darwin. Quite a lot is now known about the underlying genetics; the system is controlled by a set of closely linked genes; these act as a single unit, a so-called super-gene.


title: Polymorphism

text: All sections of the genus "Primula" have heterostyle species, altogether 354 species out of 419. Since heterostyly is characteristic of nearly all races or species, the system is at least as old as the genus.


title: Polymorphism

text: Between 1861 and 1863, Darwin found the same kind of structure in other groups, such as flax ("Linum") and in Purple Loosestrife and other species of "Lythrum".


title: Polymorphism

text: Studies over many years have shown that natural populations of "Drosophila" are polymorphic for chromosome inversions. The inversions are so common that they must be kept in the population by natural selection.


title: Hira

text: Hira is a cave. It is on the Arabian Peninsula. Prophet Mohammad lived in this cave for forty days. Muslims believed that God spoke to Mohammad in Hira through angel Gabriel.


title: Gall

text: A gall is a growth on the surface of plants and other lifeforms. They are caused by various parasites, such as fungi, bacteria, insects and mites.


title: Steven Yeun

text: Steven Yeun (born December 21, 1983) is a South Korean,American actor, voice actor and Singer. He is most well known for his role as "Glenn" in the AMC original series "The Walking Dead". Yeun was born in Seoul, South Korea and grew up in Troy, Michigan. Along with "The Walking Dead", he has acted in multiple movies and television series, such as "The Big Bang Theory" and "The Lemons Show".


title: Chain rule

text: In differential calculus, the chain rule is a way of finding the derivative of a function. It is used where the function is within another function. This is called a composite function.


title: Jon Hamm

text: Jonathan Daniel "Jon" Hamm (born March 10, 1971) is an American actor and director. He is known for his role as Don Draper in "Mad Men".


title: Gall

text: What causes a plant gall can often be known without the actual agent being there. Many types of gall have typical structures. This is true of many galls produced by insects and mites.


title: Chain rule

text: where "g" is a function differentiable at "x" and "f" is a function differentiable at "g"("x"), then the derivative of formula_1, written as formula_4, exists, and is equal to


title: Jon Hamm

text: Hamm was born on March 10, 1971 in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at the University of Missouri. Hamm is partners with Jennifer Westfeldt since 1997 until 2015. Hamm and his partner identify as Democrats.


title: Gall

text: Insect galls on plants give some herbivorous insects their own microhabitat. They are plant tissue which is controlled by the insect. Galls are the habitat and food source for the maker of the gall. The gall may contain nutritious starch and other tissues. Galls often give the insect physical protection from predators.


title: Chain rule

text: 3. Multiply the answer from the first step by the answer from the second step. This is basically the last step in solving for the derivative of a function.


title: Gall

text: Insect galls are usually induced by chemicals injected by the larvae or the adults of the insects into the plants. After the galls are formed, the larvae develop inside until fully grown, when they leave. In order to form galls, the insects must seize the time when plant cell division occurs quickly. The growing season, spring in temperate climates, is longer in the tropics.


title: Chain rule

text: In this example, the cubed sign () is the outside function and formula_8 is the inside function. The derivative of the outside function would be formula_9, where "x" is replaced by the inside function. The derivative of the inside function would be 2"x", which is multiplied by formula_10 to get formula_11.


title: Gall

text: Galls can be used by humans, and have been since ancient times. One use is to collect the pigment which many galls make. The galls are rich in resins and tannins, from which dyes and inks can be made. Galls can be used to make a mordant for dyeing: mordants make the dye on the cloth permanent. Also, permanent black ink can be made from galls, and that has been done for a long time.


title: Gall

text: The larvae inside the galls may be used as food or as fishing bait, and some galls have medicinal uses.


title: Carolina parakeet

text: It was the last parrot type to have lived before the European conquest in the eastern United States. It was found from the Ohio Valley to the Gulf of Mexico, and lived in old woods along rivers.


title: Trophy

text: A trophy is an object given to someone because of an accomplishment. These are often given out through sporting events.


title: Churro

text: Churros are fried-dough pastry-based snacks, sometimes made from potato dough, that originated in Portugal. They are popular in Latin America, France, Portugal, the United States, and Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands. There are two types of churros in Spain. One is long and fat ("porra"), and the other, extra popular in Madrid, is thin and has knots. They are both eaten for breakfast or as a treat with chocolate or sugar.


title: John Marshall

text: John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court more powerful. Marshall was Chief Justice of the United States, working from February 4, 1801, until his death in 1835. He worked in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1799, to June 7, 1800, and, under President John Adams, was Secretary of State from June 6, 1800, to March 4, 1801. Marshall was from the Commonwealth of Virginia and a leader of the Federalist Party.


title: Submarine volcano

text: Submarine volcanoes are volcanoes which are under the surface of the world's oceans. These volcanoes occur in a range of forms. Many create cone-shaped seamounts or flat-topped guyots.


title: Carolina parakeet

text: The last wild Carolina parakeet was killed in Okeechobee County in Florida in 1904, and the last bird kept by people died at the Cincinnati Zoo in 1918. This was the male bird called "Incas", who died within a year of his mate "Lady Jane". It was not until 1939, however, that it was agreed that all the Carolina parakeets had died.


title: Trophy

text: A trophy can be in the shape of a cup, a bowl, a plaque, a mug (these usually painted or engraved with something), a human shape (like the Emmy Award), or a spaceship (like the Hugo Award for science-fiction).


title: John Marshall

text: The longest working Chief Justice in Supreme Court history, Marshall ruled the Court for thirty years and was an important part of making the American legal system. His most important addition was judicial review; the power to stop laws that violate the Constitution. Marshall has been called the one that made the judicial branch special and powerful. Marshall also balanced the power between the federal and state government. He made sure the federal law was more powerful than state law and agreed with an expansive reading of the enumerated powers.


title: Submarine volcano

text: Volcanoes in the ocean develop from cracks or holes in the earth's undersea surface. Changes in the ocean floor are caused when magma flows or erupts from a site which is under water.


title: Carolina parakeet

text: At some date between 1937 and 1955, three parakeets looking like this sort of bird were seen and recorded on videotape in the Okefenokee Swamp of Georgia. However, the American Ornithologists Union thought that they had probably recorded escaped pets. Additional sightings were recorded in Okeechobee County in Florida until the end of the 1920s.


title: Trophy

text: In ancient times people would take heads or other body parts of enemies they had killed in a battle to show how good a warrior they were.


title: Carolina parakeet

text: The Carolina parakeet died out for a number of reasons. To make space for more farms, large areas of forest were cut down, taking away its living space. The colorful feathers (green body, yellow head, and red around the bill) were in demand as decorations in ladies' hats, and the birds were kept as pets. Even though the birds were bred easily in captivity, little was done to make sure enough birds were bred to avoid their dying out. Finally, they were killed in large numbers because farmers thought they were pests.


title: Trophy

text: Many years ago (in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome) the winners did not get any trophy, only a wreath (a wreath is made of flowers and looks like a crown). The winner also got olive oil in a container that was similar to today trophies. In local games, the winners got different trophies, such as a vase or a silver cup.


title: Carolina parakeet

text: Another reason that led to their extinction was that, unfortunately, they liked to return in large flocks to places where some of them had just been killed. This led to even more being shot by hunters as they gathered about the wounded and dead members of the flock.


title: Trophy

text: In ancient Rome, the tradition of getting a trophy was slowly forgotten and money were given instead.


title: Trophy

text: Trophies were introduced back in the world on large scale in last century. Football, rugby and baseball trophies were introduced.


title: Trophy

text: Today trophies are mostly made from plastic and are easily accessible to public thanks to low prices.


title: Pohjola

text: Pohjola is an evil country in Finnish and Karelian ancient stories. Pohjola is at north and it is very cold place. Ruler of Pohjola is Louhi, an evil witch woman. We think that Pohjola does not really exist, but long ago when people thought about Pohjola they thought about Lapland and a region of Pohjanmaa.


title: Randolph Scott

text: Randolph Scott made his film debut in the silent film "Sharp Shooters" (1928). And in 1929 has a small role in the western starring Gary Cooper "The Virginian". Scott was one of the leading film actors in starring western, and one of the best interpreters of the genre. Its first western classics were "The Last of the Mohicans" (1936) and "Western Union" (1941) directed by Fritz Lang.


title: Justin Theroux

text: Justin Theroux (born August 10, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for the movies "Mulholland Drive" and "Inland Empire". Theroux has also appeared in the HBO television series "The Leftovers".


title: Megaupload

text: Megaupload was a website that allowed people to upload and download files. It had several sister websites including Megavideo, Megapix, Megalive and others. It is based in Hong Kong.


title: Rebus

text: A rebus is a picture, letter, number, or symbol that is used to represent a different word that has a similar pronunciation. In English, if a person was writing the sentence "I see you tonight" in a text message, the person might write "⊙ L C U 2nite", in which the symbol "⊙", which is a picture of an eye, represents the word "I" because it sounds the same, "L" stands for the contracted "will" as in "I'll", the letter "C" represents the word "see", the letter "U" represents the word "you", the number "2" represents the word "to", and the word "nite" is represents the word "night".


title: Pohjola

text: Many evil things, like diseases and cold are from Pohjola. In Pohjola lives people of Pohjola. They are great warriors and magicians. The ruler of Pohjola Louhi is ugly but powerful old woman who can do great magic. She had a husband and daughters. Daughters of Louhi were very beautiful. They were so white and bright that they were actually transparent; you could see flesh through their skin, bones through their flesh, and bone marrow through their bones. Daughters of Pohjola were sitting on the sky weaving gold and silver threads.


title: Randolph Scott

text: Some of his classic 1940 was "Belle of the Yukon" (1944), as Gentleman Jack, and "Badman's Territory" (1946), as Sheriff Mark Rowley.


title: Megaupload

text: It allowed users who do not have an account to upload and download files up to 1 GB. People with free accounts got 200 GB of space. People with paid accounts had unlimited space. After uploading a file, a URL can be used to access and download it.


title: Pohjola

text: Many heroes went to Pohjola to ask daughters of Louhi them to be their wives. Louhi did not give her daughters easily. She made men to do almost impossible missions to have her daughters. One such mission was to make Sampo, a machine that would do money, crop and salt. One hero, Ilmarinen, did this machine, but still Louhi did not let her daughter to marry Ilmarinen. Ilmarinen and other heroes then stole Sampo from Louhi. Louhi attacked them. There was a big battle and Sampo was destroyed. Some pieces of Sampo drifted on sea and they came to shores of Finland. Since that they have made wealth to Finnish people.


title: Randolph Scott

text: Scott also co-starred with John Wayne in "Pittsburgh" (1942), and with Charles Laughton in "Captain Kidd" (1945), two films from the 1940s.


title: Megaupload

text: The website was supported by advertising. It gave incentives to people who uploaded the files that were downloaded the most. The website displayed advertising as users downloaded the files.


title: Randolph Scott

text: The 1950 was one of the best for Scott stars in dozens of western. Among his films are "7th Cavalry" (1956), he plays the role of Capt. Tom Benson. a Capt accused of cowardice, "The Tall T" (1957), as Pat Brennan, a cowboy who is kidnapped with a woman, the villain is Frank Usher, played by Richard Boone, and "Ride Lonesome" (1959), with Pernell Roberts.


title: Megaupload

text: On 19 January 2012 the United States Department of Justice seized and shut down the file hosting site Megaupload.com and commenced criminal cases against its owners and others. Worldwide, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested Kim Schmitz (Founder), Finn Batato (CMO), Mathias Ortmann (CTO and co-founder), with Bram van der Kolk arrested by the Organised and Financial Crime Agency of New Zealand. Their bail request was denied in New Zealand court as it was opposed by US authorities on the case. On January 20 Hong Kong Customs froze more than HK$300 million (US$39 million) in assets belonging to the company.


title: Randolph Scott

text: In "Comanche Station" (1960), Scott is Jefferson Cody, A cowboy saves a woman who had been kidnapped by Indians Comanches, then struggles to get both of them home alive. This western was directed by Budd Boetticher, and written by Burt Kennedy. And his last western was "Ride the High Country" (1962), with Joel McCrea. Scott played role of Gil Westrum, an old gunslinger who with McCrea help a young woman escape from the bandits who pursue.


title: Megaupload

text: The case drew particular public attention because the arrests were on the day after a large protest of proposed legislation to expand United States legal authority against foreign piracy websites. Shortly afterward, the Department of Justice's website and a number of other organisations' websites were taken offline following concerted denial of service attacks from activist group "Anonymous".


title: Megaupload

text: A group spokesperson described the attacks as "the single largest Internet attack in [the group's] history" in an interview, adding that it was "a terrible case of happenstance that federal agents went after Megaupload only hours after the thousands of sites protesting in an anti-SOPA blackout went back online. Web surfers were by-and-far ready to defend an open Internet ... the feds 'could not have chosen a worse time to take down Megaupload'." He noted that from commencement until the point the government's web servers were offline was a mere 70 minutes.


title: Megaupload

text: Besides the Department of Justice's justice.gov, the Denial of Service attack included Universal Music Group, Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and the website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Even without SOPA having been passed yet, the federal government always had tremendous power to do some of the things that they want to do. So if this is what can occur without SOPA being passed, imagine what can occur after SOPA is passed,” Brown told RT. Anonymous also attacked the website of France's anti-piracy organisation.


title: Megaupload

text: On 19 January 2012 Anonymous released a statement on Pastebin.com accepting responsibility of the mass attacks on websites including those of RIAA, MPAA, BMI, FBI and others.


title: Serialism

text: Serialism is a way of composing music using a series of notes in a particular order and using this to build up a whole piece of music. These series and patterns can also be applied to other parts of music (like how loud or soft it is).


title: Discourse analysis

text: Discourse analysis is a subject which studies a text or a conversation. This is a subject in linguistics which does not study sentences, like in syntax, but the entire text or conversation. The text or conversation is known as discourse. Discourse analyst prefer to use real life discourse in their studies, rather than invented sentences like in traditional linguistics. This way of studying real life discourse is called corpus linguistics.


title: Aon Center (Chicago)

text: Aon Center is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 346 meters (1,136 feet) tall and has 83 floors. It was built in 1973 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world and the third tallest in Chicago.


title: Casimir effect

text: The Casimir effect (predicted by Hendrik Casimir in 1948) is the attraction of two metal plates in a vacuum. This effect occurs because of a side effect of the quantum uncertainty principle, where 'virtual' particles cause the plates to be slightly pushed towards each other.


title: Serialism

text: To show how serialism works we can take a very simple example. Let us use just five notes from the white notes of a keyboard. We can use the notes A, B, C, D and E. We are going to make a “tune” using all these five notes, but not repeating any until all five have been used (although we are allowed to repeat the note we have just had).


title: Discourse analysis

text: Discourse analysis is related to text linguistics. However, text linguistics studies how discourse is structured so that they are connected (how sentences are joined to each other). Discourse analysis studies this, and also how the discourse is connected to the context. This context includes who the people talking or writing are, the social and cultural context. Also, it studies the way mode, which is the way the language is represented (is it a letter, speech, email, Internat chat?), influences discourse. Discourse analysis is also interested in the genre (topic) of the discourse.


title: Aon Center (Chicago)

text: At first it was named the Standard Oil Building, but when the name of the company changed in 1985 it became the Amoco Building. The building was sold and became the Aon Center in 1999.


title: Casimir effect

text: The quantum uncertainty principle says that particles, fields, etc. have two values, and that the more accurately you measure one, the less accurately you can measure the other. Since 'empty' space (which is a field) would be completely empty, then we would know both the field's magnitude (which is zero) and its rate of change (also zero). Therefore, there must be tiny fluctuations in 'empty' space, so that the uncertainty principle isn't violated. These take the form of virtual particles, which we wouldn't be able to detect directly. However, we can see the effects they have on real particles. Some of these particles are virtual photons, which can also be considered as waves. Now, between the reflective metal plates, there is a certain distance. Certain virtual photons, specifically ones where the distance divided by the wavelength is a whole number, are the only ones that can fit in here; if it isn't a whole number, eventually the peaks and troughs of the waves will coincide, and cancel it out.


title: Serialism

text: For example: we might have D, C, A, A, A, A, B, E. This is what we call our “row” or “series”, although usually one would expect a row of twelve different notes. It is the one we start off with, so we can call it our tone row.


title: Discourse analysis

text: Discourse analysis is studied not only in linguistics, but also in sociology, anthropology, psychology, communication studies and translation studies.


title: Casimir effect

text: Since there are fewer virtual particles on the inside of the plates rather than the outside, there is a greater force on the outside of the plates. This causes the plates to be pushed inwards. Now, the energy density of the universe is zero. This is because every particle has positive energy, but it also has gravity, which balances it out with negative gravitational energy. Since there are fewer virtual particles within the plates, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates must be less than the energy density of spacetime outside the plates. However, since the energy density of the spacetime outside the plates is zero, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates is less than zero, or negative. Negative spacetime has odd properties, such as being saddle-shaped and allowing travel into the past.


title: Serialism

text: We can change the tone row by playing it backwards. This is called retrograde. So we now get E, B, A, A, A, A, C, D.


title: Serialism

text: We can also change it by playing it upside down. This means that instead of going up one step we go down one step, or instead of going up two steps we go down two steps etc. If we start on the same note D we now get: D, E, G, G, G, G, F, C. This is called inversion.


title: Serialism

text: We can make it go backwards and upside down. So we get: C, F, G, G, G, G, E, D. This is called retrograde inversion.


title: Serialism

text: In 1923 the composer Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) developed what he called the “twelve-tone system”. Instead of using just five notes as in our example, he used all 12 notes in the octave (5 black and 7 white notes on the piano keyboard). Most music we listen to is in a particular key (tonality). This is called “tonal” music. For example: if we start “Twinkle, twinkle little star” on a C we finish on a C at the end and the piece sounds finished. It is “tonal” (in a particular key). In twelve-tone music all 12 notes are equal, there is no “key note” (it is “atonal”). This makes the music very hard to understand and it took people a long time to get used to the sound of Schoenberg’s new music.


title: Serialism

text: Schoenberg was not the only composer to use this way of composing. His pupils Alban Berg (1885-1935) and Anton Webern (1883-1945) also wrote twelve-tone music. Schoenberg, Webern & Berg are sometimes called the "Second Viennese School"-The first was Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven a hundred years before. The composers Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) and Aaron Copland (1900-1990) started to write twelve-tone music when they were quite old. Composers such as Benjamin Britten (1913-1976) used it occasionally, often putting it together with music which was tonal (listen to Britten’s opera “Midsummer Night’s Dream”). When contrasted with tonal music in this way it can be very beautiful.


title: Serialism

text: In the 1950s and 1960s some composers like Pierre Boulez (b.1925) and Karlheinz Stockhausen (b.1928) wrote music which was not only twelve-tone, but serial in other ways as well. For example: they organized levels of dynamics (from very quiet to very loud) in a series, and the lengths of notes (from very short to very long), and even timbre (the sound quality). By combining all these things their music became very complicated indeed. When all these things were used for the whole piece of music it was called “total serialism”. Boulez’s "Structures I" is an example of a piece which uses “total serialism”. A lot of people criticized this music, saying that it was too mathematical instead of being expressive. Such music can be hard to understand.


title: Sampler (musical instrument)

text: A sampler is an electronic musical instrument that is similar to the synthesizer. What a sample does is that instead of creating sounds from scratch however, a sampler starts with more than one recording (or "samples") of different sounds added by the user, and then plays each back based on how the instrument is configured. Because these samples are usually stored in RAM, the information can be quickly accessed.


title: Encarta

text: Encarta was a digital multimedia encyclopedia by Microsoft. There was a more complete version called "Encarta Premium" made in 2008. It had more than 62,000 articles and many photographs and illustrations. There was also music clips, videos, maps and timelines with some activity games. It also included an atlas, and homework tools. It was available on the internet if you pay a yearly fee, or to buy on DVD-ROM, or CD-ROMs. Many articles could also be read online free of charge, a service which is paid for by advertisements.


title: Encarta

text: Microsoft made similar encyclopedias under the "Encarta" trademark in several different European languages and in Japanese.


title: Maiasaura

text: Maiasaura was a large, plant-eating, duck-billed dinosaur. "Maiasaura" was the first dinosaur which was found alongside its young, eggs, and nests. This suggests that "Maiasaura" nurtured its young.


title: Optimus Prime

text: Optimus Prime, known in Japan as Convoy, is a character from the "Transformers" franchise. Prime is the leader of the Autobots, a group of transforming robots from the planet of Cybertron. The Autobots are constantly at war with another group of transforming robots called Decepticons. According to Bob Budiansky, co-writer of the Transformers series, Dennis O'Neil made his name. In the 1986 animated film Transformers: The Movie, he is killed by his nemesis Megatron, who is the leader of the Decepticons. He is voiced by Peter Cullen.


title: Dean Cain

text: Dean Cain (born Dean George Tanaka; July 31, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Clark Kent/Superman in the popular American television series "".


title: Maiasaura

text: "Maiasaura" lived about 80 to 65 million years ago in the Upper Cretaceous period. It ate plants, leaves and berries. Its name "Maiasaura" means “Good Mother Lizard”. The name refers to the find of nests with eggs, embryos and young animals, in a nesting colony. These showed that Maiasaura fed its young while they were in the nest. It was the first time such evidence was got for a dinosaur.


title: Optimus Prime

text: In the Transfotmers Generation 1 cartoon series, Optimus was originally a naive and defenceless dock worker named Orion Pax. Some time later, Orion was killed by Megatron and rebuilt by Alpha Trion as Optimus Prime.


title: Dean Cain

text: Dean has a son named Christopher Dean Cain (b. June 11, 2000). The mother is former "Playboy" Playmate Samantha Torres. His son is named after Cain's father, movie director Christopher Cain. He was previously engaged to country singer Mindy McCready in the late 1990s.


title: Optimus Prime

text: In the films, Optimus does not have his original Generation 1 look or voice due to the fact they were not based on the cartoon series. In Transformers (2007), Revenge of the Fallen and Dark of the Moon, he had his original body, the one from the 2007 film. In Age of Extinction, Optimus appears battle damaged but was revealed to have been hiding from humans with the other Autobots, according to his friend Ratchet. In the movie, he was given a new look after being fixed by a human named Cade Yeager. In The Last Knight, Optimus is seen floating around in space after running low on Energon, a source of energy that transformers run on. When he appears on Cybertron, Optimus had no memory of what had happened to Cybertron, which had imploded on itself in Transformers: Dark of the Moon. In the film, Optimus is brainwashed by Quintessa, the prime of life and turned into Nemesis Prime. He also has the look he had in Transformers: Age of Extinction.


title: Centre

text: The word "centre" often means places or buildings where an activity takes place. Common examples are:


title: Atmospheric chemistry

text: Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines. Research is connected with other areas of study such as climatology.


title: Insider trading

text: Insider trading means the trading of public companies' stocks and other assets on stock markets using secret information. This is done by getting people who have confidential or non-public facts about how much a stock is really worth to tell traders so they can buy or sell to make profit and manipulate that particular


title: Bhumika Chawla

text: Bhumika Chawla (born Rachna Chawla; 21 August 1978) is an Indian actress and a former model known for her work predominantly in Telugu, Hindi, and Tamil films. She made her film debut in the Telugu film Yuvakudu (2000) and has since then worked in over fifty films in various Indian languages.