title: Prime Minister of Turkey

text: The last holder of the position is Binali Yıldırım who took office on 24 May 2016. The vote to transform the nation to a presidential system in the constitutional referendum of 2017 means the office was removed after the general election of 2018.


title: Peanut brittle

text: Nougatine is a similar confection to brittle, but it is made of sliced almonds instead of whole peanuts, which are mixed into clear caramel.


title: Younger Dryas

text: The last glacial maximum (LGM) was about 27,000 to 24,000 years ago. The Younger Dryas was the most recent and longest of several interruptions to the gradual warming of the Earth's climate. The change was relatively sudden, and it resulted in a decline of temperatures in Greenland by 4 to 10 °C (7.2 to 18 °F) Glaciers and dry conditions spread over much of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. It may have been caused by an influx of fresh, cold water from North America to the Atlantic.


title: February 26 incident

text: This was the last time that a former prime minister was assassinated until Shinzo Abe's assassination in 2022.


title: Sanford Dole

text: Dole served as governor of Hawaii from 1900 until 1903, he was the first when he accepted a position as United States District Court judge. He remained a judge until 1915.


title: Vince Cable

text: He was the main economics spokesperson for the Liberal Democrats from 2003 to 2010 and became the Liberal Democrats' Deputy Leader in 2006. In May 2010, a coalition government was formed between the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats and Vince Cable was made the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills. He has promised a 'very radical overhaul' of the state pensions system. He resigned from his position as Deputy Leader in May 2010.


title: Texas Chainsaw 3D

text: It was released January 4, 2013. It was a commercial success, making $47.2 million from a $20 million budget. It was also the last movie both Burns and Hansen starred in before they both died in 2014 and 2015 respectively.


title: Atheris

text: Bush Vipers eat small amphibians like frogs, and toads, reptiles like lizards and other snakes, rodents and birds. They ambush their prey by hanging on to a branch of a tree, waiting for a prey to come close, then jump on the prey and inject venom, and then swallow it. Some Bush Vipers in zoos only eat mice and small birds, but there have been reports on some eating each other.


title: Younger Dryas

text: The Younger Dryas was a period of climatic change. The effects were complex and variable. In the Southern Hemisphere and some areas of the Northern Hemisphere, such as southeastern North America, a slight warming occurred.


title: Vince Cable

text: After Tim Farron resigned, Cable said he would stand for leader. No other MP decided to stand against him and Cable became leader on 20 July 2017.


title: Texas Chainsaw 3D

text: A prequel that takes place before the original 1974 movie, titled "Leatherface", was released in 2017.


title: Atheris

text: All Bush Vipers are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They mate between September and November, and females give to their young in March or April.


title: Vince Cable

text: Cable announced in September 2018 that he would resign as Leader of the Liberal Democrats in May 2019. He later changed his retirement date to whenever "Brexit is resolved or stopped". On 24 May 2019, Cable said he would step down as party leader on 23 July. He was replaced by Deputy Jo Swinson on 22 July 2019.


title: Atheris

text: The venom of Bush Vipers is hemotoxic, it causes pain, swelling, and stop blood clotting. There is no antivenom, but there has been reports on Echis antivenom working on some Bush Viper's bites.


title: Vince Cable

text: Cable was a contestant in the BBC's Christmas 2010 "Strictly Come Dancing" contest. He did not win. Cable was the second politician to appear on the show, after Ann Widdecombe.


title: Chabad

text: Chabad-Lubavitch is the name of a sect of Hasidic Jews. It is one of the largest groups of Hasidic Jews in the world. Many of the Lubavitch Hasidim live in the United States or Israel. The Lubavitch world headquarters is in Crown Heights, a neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York.


title: Informed consent

text: Informed consent is the right of a citizen who will undergo medical treatment or care to know about the kind of treatment or service that will be provided by the doctor as well as the procedures involved. It also includes the right to refuse any treatment or care without prior approval.


title: American Library Association

text: The American Library Association (ALA) is an organization which does not receive money. It is in the United States. It helps libraries and library education all over the world. It is the oldest and largest library association in the world. It has more than 62,000 members.


title: The Used

text: The Used is an American post hardcore band. They formed in the year 2000 and have released a number of albums since then. Their first album was called "The Used". Their latest album is called "Heartwork", and was released in 2020.


title: Ministry (band)

text: Ministry is an American industrial metal band from Chicago, Illinois. It was started in 1981 by musician Al Jourgensen. After 27 years and 11 albums, Al disbanded the group in 2008. However, the band reformed in 2011 for a new album and tour.


title: English Springer Spaniel

text: The English Springer Spaniel is a dog breed used as hunting dogs to retrieve animals. It is one of many spaniel breeds. They are clever and cheerful. Their coat can be brown and white, black and white, or have tan spots. They look like their cousins, the Welsh Springer Spaniel and Cocker Spaniel. Common colors include black, brown and white.


title: SA80

text: SA80 (Small Arms for the 80s) is the name of a weapons family used by the British Army and Royal Marines. All are of bullpup design: this means the magazine is behind the trigger so the weapon is shorter yet still has a long barrel.


title: Kim Hyo-yeon

text: Kim Hyo-yeon (born September 22, 1989), better known by her stage name Hyoyeon, is a South Korean recording artist and entertainer. She is a member of the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation.


title: USB hub

text: USB is an international standard of technology for connecting peripherals to computers and other devices that support it. An interface where a USB device can be connected is called a port. A USB hub is a special device which allows adding more USB ports. The additional ports share one USB connection to the computer; for this reason, each of them cannot carry as much data as a direct USB connection can.


title: Charge of the Light Brigade

text: The Charge of the Light Brigade was a failed military attack during the Crimean War in 1854. It was a charge by British Light Cavalry (who didn't have many weapons or armour) against Russians and their allies. The cavalry were supposed to attack regular soldiers, which they were good at, but the British leaders made a mistake and caused the cavalry to attack artillery guns, which they were not good at. It is remembered because there was a poem written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson that praised the bravery of the soldiers. It was also seen as a symbol of the failures of British rulers during that time.


title: Pareto distribution

text: The Pareto distribution is a probability distribution named after Vilfredo Pareto. It is continuous and follows a power law. It is a heavy tailed distribution. The Pareto distribution was first used to show how income is distributed among households (which is commonly called Income distribution). Pareto distributions are often used in the cases when many different small independent factors contribute to a result. Pareto wrote a book called "Cours d'économie politique", where he tried to show that the number of people who have an income greater than x is proportional to formula_1. The parameter formula_2 is constant, and about 1.5. This is all that is needed to describe the Pareto distribution. Insurance companies often use Pareto distributions to model damage.


title: Marie Joséphine of Savoy

text: Marie Joséphine of Savoy (Maria Giuseppina Luigia; 2 September 1753 – 13 November 1810) was the wife of the future Louis XVIII of France. She was a princess of Savoy by birth, became the titular Queen consort, and was known by her title: Her Royal Highness, Countess of Provence ("comtesse de Provence").


title: Hair coloring

text: Hair coloring or hair dyeing is changing the color of hair. Common reasons are to cover gray hair, to change to a color that a person likes better, and to return the hair to its normal color after it has been badly changed by hairdressing or sun bleaching. The 1661 book "Eighteen Books of the Secrets of Art & Nature" explained ways of coloring hair black, gold, green, red, yellow, and white .


title: Thioester

text: A thioester is a molecule with a group C-S-CO-C. They are like esters, but with a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen one. Like esters, they can be made from carboxylic acids. In the synthesis, a thiol is used instead of an alcohol.


title: Jurnee Smollett-Bell

text: Jurnee Smollett-Bell (born Jurnee Diana Smollett, October 1, 1986) is an American actress. A child actress, she was known for her role on "On Our Own" (1994–1995). She played Eve in the 1997 independent drama movie "Eve's Bayou".


title: Blaxploitation

text: Blaxploitation is a type of exploitation movie which focuses on black people. Blaxploitation movies emerged in and were most popular during the early 1970s.


title: Lonesome George

text: Lonesome George (c. 1910  – June 24, 2012) was a male Pinta Island tortoise ("Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii") and the last known individual of the subspecies. In his last years, he was known as the rarest creature in the world. George served as a potent symbol for conservation efforts in the Galápagos Islands and throughout the world.


title: DirecTV

text: DirecTV (stylized as DIRECTV) is an American satellite television service provider. The company is based in California. It is part of AT&T.


title: Victor Frankenstein

text: Victor Frankenstein is a fictional character in the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. He creates a monster by putting together dead parts into a body and then bringing the body to life, but is scared by how ugly the monster is and abandons it. The Monster comes back and asks for a wife. Victor creates a female monster but then destroys her instead of bringing her to life. The Monster gets revenge by killing everyone Victor Frankenstein ever cared about. Victor wants revenge on the Monster but dies of pneumonia before he can get it.


title: Heriot-Watt University

text: Heriot-Watt University () is a public research university. It is in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was created in 1821 as the School of Arts of Edinburgh. It is the eighth oldest higher education institute in the UK.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: After the Soviet-Afghan War, which ended on 14 February 1989, a civil war started in Afghanistan. It lasted until the end of April 1992, when a new Afghan government was formed. On 24 April, the Peshawar Accord (an agreement for a new Afghan government) was announced. The civil war officially ended on 27 April 1992. The new Afghan government started the next day, on 28 April 1992.When the Soviet Union left Afghanistan in 1989, they left President Mohammed Najibullah in charge of the Republic of Afghanistan. But many people in Afghanistan did not support him because they thought that his government was a communist puppet regime (a regime controlled by the Soviet Union). Therefore, several mujahideen groups started to fight against Najibullah's regime. In March 1989, together with the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the mujahideen attacked Jalalabad, but they were defeated. Two years later, in March 1991, they succesfully overtook Khost. Mujahideen power continued to grow until the Peshawar Accord was announced in April 1992, and a few days later Najibullah's regime resigned. However, instead of a new government with all mujahideen groups, another civil war broke out between different mujahideen groups, which lasted until 1996 (also known as the Battle for Kabul).


title: Space Age

text: The Space Age is the time period in human history related to the space race, space exploration, and space technology. Most people say this started when Sputnik 1 was launched in 1957, and continues to today. This has influenced culture such as in movies, television, music, art, and architecture.


title: Alemannia

text: Alemannia, also spelt Alamannia was the land inhabited by the Germanic Alemanni, who expanded from the Main River basin during the 3rd century and settling on the left side of the Rhine River in the 4th century.


title: Knorr (brand)

text: Knorr (, ), is a German brand of soups and drinks, belonging to the Anglo-Dutch conglomerate since the 2000s Unilever, it was founded in 1838 by Carl Heinrich Theodor Knorr. Knorr headquarters are in Heilbronn, Germany. Previously products sold under the Lipton brand.


title: Last Night in Soho

text: Last Night in Soho is a 2021 British psychological horror movie directed by Edgar Wright. The screenplay was written by Wright and Krysty Wilson-Cairns, from a story by Wright. The movie stars Thomasin McKenzie, Anya Taylor-Joy, Matt Smith, Diana Rigg and Terence Stamp.


title: Minecraft Dungeons

text: Minecraft Dungeons is a game released in 2020 by Mojang Studios. Unlike the normal Minecraft, you can not jump, build, and mine in Minecraft Dungeons. In this game, you can only attack mobs and use artifacts.


title: Chabad

text: The Chabad movement was started by Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi in Eastern Europe during the late 1700s. He named his 'Chabad' because in Hebrew it is an acronym for Wisdom, Understanding, and Knowledge. 'Lubavitch' was the name of the town in Russia where the movement was at from the time of the second Lubavitcher Rebbe (leader), Rabbi Dov Ber Schneuri, through the sixth, Rabbi Joseph Isaac Schneersohn.


title: Informed consent

text: Informed consent is part of the medical ethics to avoid medical abuse or accidents. It has been admitted as one of the human rights in some international agreements, and also in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.


title: American Library Association

text: Justin Winsor, Charles Ammi Cutter, Samuel Swett Green, James L. Whitney, Melvil Dewey, Fred B. Perkins and Thomas W. Bicknell began the organization in 1876. It began in Philadelphia, but its head office is in Chicago now. Anybody can join, but most of its members are librarians. Most members live and work in the United States. Members from other countries make up about 3.5% of the members.


title: The Used

text: They have always been signed to one record label named Reprise. In 2004, singer Bert McCracken's girlfriend at the time was pregnant with their child and she died from a drug overdose. For that reason, their second album was named "In Love and Death". Around that time, the band also took on a new drummer.


title: SA80

text: The series includes an assault rifle known as the L85 and a Light Support Weapon (LSW) designated the L86 as well as a carbine variant for helicopter crews and a bolt action army cadet variant.


title: USB hub

text: A hub may be bus-powered, which means it gets all its electrical power from the computer. This makes simple wiring, but it cannot give full power to its peripherals. A self powered hub has its own power cord, and can give full power to peripherals that need it.


title: Marie Joséphine of Savoy

text: She was born at the Royal Palace of Turin on 2 September 1753 and was the third child and second daughter of Victor Amadeus and his wife the Spanish Infanta Maria Antonia of Spain. At the time of her birth her grandfather, Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, was the King of Sardinia.


title: Hair coloring

text: The four common types of hair coloring are "permanent", "demi-permanent" (sometimes called "deposit only"), "semi-permanent", and "temporary".


title: Thioester

text: Thioesters are very important in biochemistry. They are made in the body during reactions that make fatty acids. They are also important intermediates in the production of ATP, which is the molecule that gives energy to the body.


title: Jurnee Smollett-Bell

text: In 2018, Bell was cast as DC Comics superheroine Black Canary in the DC Extended Universe, intended to make her first appearance in "Birds of Prey".


title: Blaxploitation

text: These movies were often criticized for their use of stereotyped characters. They were also praised for showing black people as the heroes and subjects, rather than being sidekicks or as victims of violence.


title: DirecTV

text: Its satellite service began on June 17, 1994. The service provides digital satellite television to households in the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean Islands.


title: Heriot-Watt University

text: The name Heriot-Watt was taken from Scottish inventor James Watt and Scottish philanthropist and goldsmith George Heriot.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: Since 1933, Mohammad Zahir Shah ruled as King over Afghanistan. On 17 July 1973, there was a coup d'état led by prince Sardar (the former Prime Minister and Army General) against Mohammad Zahir, who was his cousin and brother-in-law. Mohammad Zahir was in Rome for medical treatment at that time. On 24 August, Mohammad Zahir announced his abdication and since then he chose to stay in Rome. More than two centuries after the founding of the Durrani Empire in 1747, Sardar Mohammad Daoud finally abolished the monarchy and the royal rule. The coup resulted in the establishment of the first Republic of Afghanistan under a one-party system, which was led by the first President of Afghanistan Sardar Mohammad Daoud with his National Revolutionary Party. Two days after the 1973 coup, the Soviet Union and India recognized the first Republic of Afghanistan and the new government.


title: Alemannia

text: Alemannia was ruled by a Germanic king during the 4th to 5th centuries, Alamannia was later invaded and became a duchy of the Frankish Empire in the 6th century. In early 10th century, the Holy Roman Empire started to form under Conrad I of East Francia and the territory of Alamannia became the Duchy of Swabia.


title: Last Night in Soho

text: The movie premiered at the 78th Venice International Film Festival on 4 September 2021. It was released in the United Kingdom and United States on 29 October 2021 by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. It had mainly positive reviews, especially the production design, cinematography and performances from actors.


title: Minecraft Dungeons

text: In this game, you cannot build, mine, and jump. This game focuses on attacking mobs. An object called the Orb of Dominance is a pink circled object which sounds like an enderman. This ender object was from the End dimension, and created monsters and bosses. Players explore an open world with lots of dungeons containing monsters, bosses, blocks, puzzles, and secret areas in the game. This game player limit is 4 players, and has an online game.


title: SA80

text: The LSW variant is far more accurate than its predecessor, and is used in army FSGs (Fire Support Groups). They are amazingly accurate for their size (Army marksmanship tests were redesigned after the SA80 introduction because it was so accurate). Nevertheless, the SA80 family has been plagued by poor reliability. They have had an upgrade by the German arms company H&K when it was British owned. This resulted in the A2 series, but not all models have been upgraded.


title: USB hub

text: There are different versions of the USB standard; main difference between the version is the maximum speed that is supported. The USB standard also defines different types of USB plugs.


title: Marie Joséphine of Savoy

text: Maria Giuseppina was engaged to the French Prince Louis Stanislas of France. He was known as the Count of Provence. They were married on 16 April 1771 "by proxy" in the Turin. They were married in person on 14 May 1771 at the Palace of Versailles. A luxurious ball followed the wedding on 20 May. She was considered to be ugly. Louis Stanislas hated his wife. We know today that these rumors were created by those who supported Marie Antoinette as a rivalry soon emerged after the youngest brother 'comte d'Artois', married the Comtesse's sister, thereby bringing yet another Savoyard princess to Versailles and creating an Italian party at court.


title: Thioester

text: In chemistry, thioesters can be also used as electrophiles. They are more reactive than esters and amides. They can also do aldol reactions.


title: Blaxploitation

text: Following the example set by "Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song", many blaxploitation films feature funk and soul jazz soundtracks with heavy bass, funky beats, and wah-wah guitars.


title: DirecTV

text: The customer service of DirecTV is provided by many third-party owned call centers both inside and outside the U.S.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: On 27 April 1978 (the 7th of the month of "Saur" or "Sowr," the second month of the Solar Hijri calendar), 5 years after the first coup, there was another coup called the Saur Revolution. Nur Mohammad Taraki, the first General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), together with Hafizullah Amin, gave the order for a military coup with the goal over overthrowing the government of President Sardar Mohammad Daoud. On 27 April, the first shots heard were near the Ministry of Interior in the downtown in Kabul as the first sign of a coup. From there, the fighting spread to other areas of the city. From 28 April 1978, during the time between the coup and the establishment of the new civilian government, the PDPA Revolutionary Council led the country for three days. After that, a new government was formed under the name of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA), which was led by Prime Minister Nur Muhammad Taraki .The PDPA described the Saur Revolution as a democratic revolution.


title: Alemannia

text: Alamannia existed near the Lake Constance, the Black Forest, the Alsace, and the Danube River basin. With border near Burgundy in the Aare River basin (now Aargau). The Alemanni people were very influential, they’re related to Alemannic German, French Alsace, German Baden and Swabia, German-speaking Switzerland and the Austrian Vorarlberg.


title: Minecraft Dungeons

text: This game has 6 downloadable contents, and also contains mobs, puzzles, blocks, and secrets. The downloadable contents are:


title: SA80

text: The SA80 also has a cadet force variant (L98 A2 Cadet GP) that is the same size, and is used throughout the ACF. It has a success rate far higher than the old, bolt-action A1 version.


title: USB hub

text: A USB hub is a normal USB device, which was built for a given version of the standard. Certain models may support different versions of USB, while others may not. As an example: USB 3.0 can transfer payload data at up to 4 GBits per second. USB 2.0 is limited to a transfer rate of 280 MBits per second. Connecting an USB 3.0 device to the computer using an USB 2.0 hub will limit the transfer rate to that of USB 2.0.


title: Marie Joséphine of Savoy

text: In France she was known as Marie Joséphine de Savoie. She had a high rank at court as her husband was a grandson of the reiging king. She was a cousin of the ill-fated "Princess of Lamballe" who was instrumental in the arrangement of the marriage. At the death of her husband’s grandfather Louis XV in 1774, her brother-in-law succeeded as Louis XVI. She became pregnant in 1774 and 1781, but both pregnancies ended in miscarriage. In 1791 Marie Joséphine went to Germany. During the period of exile, the Count and Countess fought constantly. Some historians have suggested Marie Joséphine's possible lesbian relationship with a lady-in-waiting as the primary cause for discord between the couple.


title: DirecTV

text: In August 2008, "The Boston Globe" reported that DirecTV had been receiving as many as 20,000 complaints in almost three years to Better Business Bureau about DirecTV slipping on cancellation fees.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the Afghan government that came to power through the Saur Revolution. It led the country from the end of the Saur Revolution in 1978 until 1992, when it was overthrown by several mujahideen groups at the end of the 1989-1992 Civil War. The party that was in power in the government was the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), which was founded on 1 July 1965. The PDPA party followed a Marxist–Leninist ideology. The party was led by Nur Muhammad Taraki, who led the party ever since the split between the Khalq faction (led by Taraki and Amin) and the Parcham faction (led by Babrak Karmal) in 1967. During their time in power, the DRA introduced several contentious reforms such as modernizing traditional Islamic civil and marriage laws and forcing land reforms.


title: Minecraft Dungeons

text: Jungle Awakens, Creeping Winter, Howling Peaks, Hidden Depths, and Echoing Void has final bosses. The Flames of the Nether is the only DLC in the game without a final boss, because of a lack of the Orb of Dominance. The final boss in the Echoing Void DLC is the true final boss of Minecraft Dungeons, because it is the true final victim of the Orb of Dominance.


title: Marie Joséphine of Savoy

text: Marie Joséphine died of an edema at Hartwell House, English residence of the exiled French royal family. Marie Joséphine was laid to rest in the Lady Chapel of Westminster Abbey. Her body was removed a year later on Louis's orders and buried in the Kingdom of Sardinia; today in Cagliari Cathedral.


title: DirecTV

text: In August 2010, Better Business Bureau reported that it had gotten over 39,000 complaints in the previous three years. The BBB gave DirecTV an F (failing) grade. Many of these complaints concerned the fees for early termination, billing and service issues.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: Nur Muhammad Taraki was the first leader of the DRA after the Saur Revolution in 1978. He was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan PDPA, serving as its General Secretary from 1965 to 1979. Taraki's leadership was short-lived and marked by controversies. The government was divided between two PDPA factions: the Khalqists (led by Taraki), the majority, and the Parchamites, the minority. The second leader of the DRA was Hafizullah Amin. He was an Afghan communist revolutionary, who organized the Saur Revolution of 1978. Amin ordered the death of Taraki by suffocation with pillows on 8 October 1979. The third leader of the DRA was Babrak Karmal. He became a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan PDPA and eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction. He was an Afghan revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Afghanistan, serving in the post of General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan for seven years. The last leader of the DRA was Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai, commonly known as Dr. Najib. He was the General Secretary of the PDPA and the leader of the DRA from 1986 to 1992. Dr. Najib changed the name of the Communist Party PDPA to the Hizb-i Watan (Homeland Party). He was the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until his resignation in April 1992, shortlly after the mujahideen took over Kabul.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The Mujahideen resistance movement consisted of several smaller Islamist rebel groups. Despite their differences in region of origin, ethnicity, and religious connection, they fought against one common enemy: the communists (first the Soviets, and later Najibullah's DRA government). They shared the common goal of making Afghanistan an independent Islamic state, unaffected by large powers like the United States, the Soviet Union, and China. These groups were supported by the United States to fight against the Soviets and Najibullah. Seven of these groups came together in 1981 to form the Islamic Unity of Afghanistan's Mujahideen (IUAM), but they did not succeed in forming a united movement.They fought loosely and without strategic coordination. Sometimes, they would even attack each other. Out of these seven groups, there were four important ones: Hesb-e Islami, Jamiat-e Islami, Ittehad-e Islami, and the Haqqani network.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The Hezb-e Islami group was led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. This party was mainly supported by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Because American assistance to the mujahideen flowed through Pakistan, the Hezb-e Islami group received a lot of money. Because of this, the party was able to grow stronger and become one of the main mujahideen groups in the fight against Najibullah. However, they were not able to defeat Najibullah immediately after the Soviets left Afghanistan. This happened because the United States thought that Najibullah's regime would collapse under pressure by the mujahideen after the Soviets left, so they stopped giving them financial and military assistance. However, Najibullah's regime was able to stay in power because of Soviet support, allowing them to keep the Hezb-e Islami party under control.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and his troops became known for attacking other mujahideen groups, especially those of Ahmad Shah Massoud (part of the Jamiat-e Islami group). He even raided humanitarian aid organizations. Some people even thought that he attacked other mujahideen groups because he was secretly on the side of the Soviets and that "he might be a secret KGB plant whose mission was to sow disruption within the anti-communist resistance". Other people thought that he was causing chaos among mujahideen groups so that the Hezb-e Islami group could rise to power after the Soviets left. This caused the entire mujahideen movement to be divided and ineffective.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The Jamiat-e Islami group was led by Burhanuddin Rabbani, but the main military commander was Ahmad Shah Massoud. This group was also a strong mujahideen group and played an important role in the ultimate mujahideen victory over Najibullah in 1992. They received little to no support from the United States, which meant they had less resources (like money and military equipment) than the Hezb-e Islami group. However, their success was mainly thanks to Massoud's advanced fighting skills.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: This group was the main opponent of the Hezb-e Islami group in the shared struggle against the Soviets and Najibullah. The two groups often fought against each other, even though they were both part of the same Islamist rebel movement against the communists. In one instance, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar attacked Massoud's troops and killed 36 of his commanders. In return, Massoud chased down four of Hekmatyar's men who were responsible for the attack and proceeded to hang them.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The Ittehad-e Islami group was led by Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, a Wahhabite military leader. This group was mainly supported and assisted by Saudi Arabia. Just like the rivalry between Hezb-e Islami and Jamiat-e Islami, the Ittehad-e Islami group also had an opponent in the shared fight against the communists: the smaller mujahideen group of Abdul Ali Mazari called Hezb-e Wahdat, which was supported by Iran. This rivalry existed because Saudi Arabia and Iran were in competition for regional domination.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The Haqqani network was led by Jalaluddin Haqqani, who founded the group as a split-off from the Yunis Khalis mujahideen group (a major mujahideen group in the early 1980s). Just like the Hezb-e Islami group, the Haqqani network received a lot of financial and military assistance from the United States. The main difference from the other mujahideen groups is that when the Taliban came to power after the civil war, the Haqqani network chose to support their regime. The Haqqani network also developed close relations with the Al-Qaeda network.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: On 6 March 1989, the mujahideen groups attacked the Eastern city of Jalalabad. The attack was led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and his mujahideen group Hezb-e Islami. The Ittehad-e Islami group also fought with him. They were supported by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). The goal was to overtake the city and use it to attack Kabul later on, so that they could defeat Najibullah's regime and form a mujahideen government.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The mujahideen forces were not successful in taking over Jalalabad. First, they tried to attack the city from the East, but the forces from the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) were too strong for them. In the beginning they managed to overtake Samarkhel, a small village close to Jalalabad, and even the airport for a short time. However, then the DRA forces started to fight back, and drove the mujahideen back out of the city. The mujahideen forces then tried to attack the city from the North and South sides, but again the DRA forces were too strong. The mujahideen forces did not expect Jalalabad to be defended so well. There are three main reasons why the mujahideen did not manage to overtake Jalalabad. First, Jalalabad was well fortified, which meant that it was difficult to attack from the outside. Second, the DRA forces had strong firepower in the form of heavy artillery equipment and air support, while the muhajideen forces had to rely on guerilla tactics. Third, the DRA forces were well organized, while the mujahideen forces consisted of small, loose groups that also competed with each other. By June 1989, the mujahideen forces had been completely driven out of Jalalabad and had to give up. By then, about 3000-4000 mujahideen soldiers had died.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The battle of Jalalabad caused a lot of damage and division to the mujahideen troops. However, two years after the defeat at Jalalabad, they were ready again to try to overtake another major city. On 14 March 1991, they attacked Khost. Khost was a smaller city, close to the Eastern border with Pakistan. Because the mujahideen had been active there for a long time, it was easier for them to attack Khost than Jalalabad. They were successful in taking over the city in just two weeks.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: The mujahideen forces attacked Khost from three different sides with a surprise attack that allowed them to advance very quickly. First, they captured some DRA outposts on the outskirts of the city, which diminished the amount of resistance they had to face. Then, they gained control over the airport, which slowed down DRA transportation and logistics while at the same time increasing the flexibility of the mujahideen. Finally they moved into the city, which fell to the mujahideen troops on 31 March 1991, just over two weeks after the first attack. Again, there are three main reasons why the mujahideen were successful this time. First, the rugged terrain of Khost made it more suitable to apply various guerilla warfare tactics that the mujahideen groups were used to. Second, whereas Jalalabad was well connected and continuously supplied by the DRA, Khost was logistically more difficult to reach and support from Kabul. This meant that the DRA forces in Khost received little to no support from the DRA government apart from the troops that were already stationed there. Third, the mujahideen forces on the ground were this time unified, well organized, and the whole attack was planned out in detail. The victory at Khost allowed the mujahideen to regain popular support and gain momentum to finally break down Najibullah's regime.


title: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

text: Seeing the success of the mujahideen, the UN and senior leaders of several Afghan mujahideen parties decided to meet in Peshawar to try to form a new neutral acting Afghan government to replace Najibullah's regime. The UN presented a plan to the mujahideen groups to form a pre-interim council and accept formal sovereignty from President Najibullah. In March 1992, Najibullah announced his cooperation to resign in order to make way for a new neutral acting government. With this announcement, he lost internal control. In April 1992, Kabul came completely under the control of the interim government, with the hope for a new era. But the situation quickly spiraled into escalation. Throughout the negotation process, mujahideen forces were stationed outside Kabul city. In the spring of 1992, at least five mujahideen groups fell out and started fighting each other to take control over Kabul. Parties involved in the conflict were the Jamiat-e Islami group (led byAhmad Shah Massoud), the Hezb-e Islami group (led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar), the Hezb-i Wahdat group (led by Abdul Ali Mazari, the Ittehad-e Islami group (led by Abdul Rasul Sayyaf) and the Junbish-i Islami group (led by Abdul Rashid Dostum). By the end of 1992, the city of Kabul was badly damaged, thousands of civilians had been killed, and half a million residents were forced to flee. In November 1994, a new group entered the scene: the Taliban. They gradually gained the upper hand in the conflict, conquered Kabul in September 1996, and took control over Afghanistan altogether.


title: Sight-reading

text: Sight-reading (or sight-singing for singers) is the ability to play music that one has never seen before. It is important to be able to read music well in order to sight-read.


title: Martin Brodeur

text: Martin Pierre Brodeur (born May 6, 1972, in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He was formerly a ice hockey goaltender for the New Jersey Devils in the National Hockey League (NHL) and ins currently a current team executive for the New Jersey Devils. During his 21-years with the Devils, he was a three-time Stanley Cup champion and holds more than thirty Devils team records.


title: Veterans Day

text: Veterans Day is the American holiday when people who had served in the military during war-time are remembered and thanked. It is both a federal and a state holiday. The holiday is celebrated on the same day as Armistice Day or Remembrance Day in other countries. These holidays are all November 11. This is the day seen as the end of World War I. The first World War ended on November 11, 1918.


title: New Found Glory

text: New Found Glory (used to be "A New Found Glory") is an American rock band from Coral Springs, Florida. They formed in 1997. Founding members were lead vocalist Jordan Pundik, guitarists Chad Gilbert and Steve Klein, bassist Ian Grushka and drummer Joe Moreno. Current drummer Cyrus Bolooki replaced Moreno after only a handful of shows and the lineup has since remained unchanged. Their kind of music is said to have come from bands such as bands Green Day and NOFX, to hardcore acts like Hatebreed and Madball. The band are known for their mix of pop melodies with the energy and fast tempos of classic punk rock. Because of this, they are now widely known as a key pioneer in the fusion genre of pop punk. They are also noted for their wild live performances.


title: Roman à clef

text: Roman à clef (said like it rhymes with "a don a day") means "novel with a key" in French. It is a phrase used for talking about literature and movies. A roman à clef is a type of story that's true for the most part except for details like the name of the main character. The "key" part of the meaning–what someone needs to unlock the real story–changes from book to book. For some books it is knowing that the main character is really a famous person. For others it is knowing that the main character is really the author.


title: Daniel Amokachi

text: Daniel Amokachi (born 30 December 1972) is a former Nigerian football player. He has played for Nigeria national team.


title: Pointe shoes

text: Pointe shoes are special shoes worn by ballerinas. They are made with a wide, flat, reinforced front end. This lets the dancer stand on tiptoe.


title: Army of the Potomac

text: The Army of the Potomac was the main Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War From 1861 to 1865. The army was also known as Mr. Lincoln's Army due to the close involvement by President Abraham Lincoln. It had two missions. The first was to protect Washington, D.C.. The second mission was to defeat the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. The generals who led the Army of the Potomac remain some of the most controversial military leaders in history. Under Irvin McDowell, George McClellan, Joseph Hooker and George G. Meade, the army had more defeats than victories.


title: Farrier

text: A farrier is a person who works with iron, or other materials, to make horseshoes and take care of horse's hooves. They check for signs of disease and make sure the feet are well cared for.


title: Arsenic pentoxide

text: Arsenic pentoxide, also known as arsenic(V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsO. It has arsenic and oxide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +5 oxidation state. More common is arsen in its oxidation state +3 as AsO (arsenic trioxide or arsenic(III) oxide). The LD50 for arsenic pentoxide is 8mg/kg for rats. When the substance becomes wet, it turns into arsenic acid, which corrodes metals.


title: Edwin M. Stanton

text: Edwin McMasters Stanton (December 19, 1814 – December 24, 1869) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the United States Secretary of War under Abraham Lincoln administration during most of the American Civil War. Stanton's effective management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory under the command by Ulysses S. Grant.


title: SAP Center at San Jose

text: The SAP Center at San Jose is a sports arena in San Jose, California. The arena opened on September 7, 1993, and is the current home to the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the San Jose Sabercats of the Arena Football League (AFL).


title: Saint Alphonsa

text: Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception FCC (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946), also known as Saint Alphonsa, was an Indian nun and teacher. She was beatified on 8 February 1986, and canonized on 12 October 2008 in the Vatican City.


title: Edgar Morin

text: Edgar Morin (; born Edgar Nahoum on 8 July 1921) is a French philosopher and sociologist. He has been known for his work on complexity and "complex thought," and for his scholarly contributions to such diverse fields as media studies, politics, sociology, visual anthropology, ecology, education, and systems biology.


title: Beaumaris

text: Beaumaris (, Literal translation: "beautiful marsh") is a small town on the island of Anglesey of the Menai Strait.


title: Baranagar

text: Baranagar or Baranagore is a city and municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is in the region of Greater Kolkata and therefore is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).


title: Controlled flight into terrain

text: A controlled flight into terrain (CFIT, usually pronounced "cee-fit") is an accident in which an airworthy aircraft, under pilot control, is unintentionally flown into the ground, a mountain, a body of water or an obstacle. In a typical CFIT scenario, the crew is not aware of the situation until it is too late to stop it. The term was coined by engineers at Boeing in the late 1970s.


title: OS X Mavericks

text: OS X 10.9 "Mavericks" is an operating system made by Apple Inc. for its Macintosh line of computers. It is a version of OS X, and carries the release number 10.9. It was released on October 22, 2013. According to Apple, "Mavericks" contains over 200 changes and improvements since OS X Mountain Lion.


title: Adria Arjona

text: Adria Arjona Torres (born April 25, 1992) is an American-Guatemalan actress. She is best known for her role as Emily in the HBO television series "True Detective" (2015) and as Dani Silva in two episodes of the CBS television series "Person of Interest" (2014, 2015).


title: Ryan Dunn

text: Ryan Matthew Dunn (June 11, 1977 – June 20, 2011) was an American reality television personality and stuntman. He was best known for being a member of the "Jackass" and "Viva La Bam" television programs. He died in car crash in West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Police reported that Dunn was the driver. His blood alcohol level was 0.196%. That is more than twice the state's legal limit of 0.08%.


title: Two Door Cinema Club

text: The band formed in 2007 and consists of three main members; Alex Trimble, Kevin Baird and Sam Halliday. Trimble and Halliday met while attending Bangor Grammar School. The two later met Kevin Baird while he was flirting with girls who Trimble and Halliday knew. The three first performed as a band at the age of 16 on Northern Irish television programme "ATL Rock School" under the name "Life Without Rory". However, the band finished in last place.


title: Aymen Benabderrahmane

text: Aymen Benabderrahmane (; born 30 August 1966) is an Algerian politician who is serving as Prime Minister of Algeria since 30 June 2021 and Minister of Finance since 23 June 2020.


title: Tom Cat (Tom and Jerry character)

text: Thomas Jasper "Tom" Cat Sr. is a main character of the "Tom and Jerry" universe. Tom is a grey-and-white anthropomorphic domestic short haired mute tuxedo cat.


title: Sight-reading

text: Many people who learn to play an instrument will take examinations from time to time. One of the tests that is usually required for an examination is some sight-reading.


title: Veterans Day

text: The holiday was first created as Armistice Day in 1919 by President Woodrow Wilson. Thirty states made it a state holiday that year. It was made a holiday for the entire country in 1938. In June 1, 1954, the name was changed to Veterans Day.


title: Roman à clef

text: Authors usually write these types of stories (instead of telling the whole truth) to talk about a controversy or what happened during a crime so that the people involved can't sue them. A couple of movies that are written like this are Citizen Kane (a movie about a man a lot like William Randolph Hearst) and Dreamgirls (a movie about a Motown group a lot like The Supremes).


title: Pointe shoes

text: In normal flat ballet shoes, the toe construction does not provide this support for the dancer's body weight. So they cannot stand or dance "en pointe".


title: Army of the Potomac

text: The Army of the Potomac had its beginnings when President Lincoln called for 75,000 militia from Northern states. This was just a day after the garrison at Fort Sumter surrendered to Confederate forces. These units were to serve for 90 days and each state governor was given a quota. At the time 90 days was the maximum time militia units could serve under the Militia Act of 1795. In 1861, the regular U.S. Army only had 16,367 officers and men. They were organized into 197 companies, 179 of which were scattered in frontier duty in the west. East of the Mississippi River the remaining 18 companies were all artillery. In total there were only six generals including the General-in-Chief, Winfield Scott.


title: Farrier

text: At one time, a farrier and blacksmith had almost the same job, which can be seen by the etymology of the word: farrier comes from Middle French: "ferrier" ("blacksmith"), from the Latin word "ferrum" ("iron"). Today, farriers usually specialize in horseshoeing, and on the care of the horse's hoof. For this reason farriers and blacksmiths are now known to be different jobs.


title: Arsenic pentoxide

text: Arsenic pentoxide is a white, odourless solid. It dissolves easily in water to make arsenic acid. It is highly toxic, as are almost all arsenic compounds. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chlorine. AsO breaks down to arsenic trioxide and oxygen when heated to about 300°C.


title: Edwin M. Stanton

text: Stanton was born in Steubenville, Ohio, the eldest of four children to David and Lucy Norman Stanton. Throughout his childhood and adult life Stanton suffered from asthma. Stanton studied at Kenyon College. He was also from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.


title: SAP Center at San Jose

text: The arena was originally known as San Jose Arena from 1993 to 2001, the Compaq Center at San Jose from 2001 to 2002, and as HP Pavilion at San Jose from 2002 to 2013. SAP acquired the naming rights for the arena in June 2013 and renamed the arena SAP Center at San Jose.


title: Edgar Morin

text: Morin holds degrees in history, economics, and law. Though less well known in the United States due to the limited of English translations of his over 60 books, Morin is renowned in the French-speaking world, Europe, and Latin America.


title: Beaumaris

text: The town itself began in 1295 when Edward I of England started to build Beaumaris Castle. This was one of several castle along the North Wales coast - others include Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech . Many of the builders of the castle were from France.


title: Baranagar

text: It is home to the Indian Statistical Institute for research, teaching and application of statistics, natural sciences and social sciences. Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School is one of the oldest and renowned schools in Baranagar and North 24 Parganas.


title: Controlled flight into terrain

text: Accidents where the aircraft is out of control at the time of impact, because of mechanical failure or pilot error, are not considered CFIT (they are known as "uncontrolled flight into terrain"). Accidents resulting from the deliberate action of the person flying the aircraft, such as acts of terrorism or suicide by pilot.


title: Adria Arjona

text: In 2018, she starred as Amanda in "Life of the Party". She also voices Ramirez in the video game "Fortnite".


title: Two Door Cinema Club

text: On 18 January 2011, the band appeared on the American late night talk show, "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon", performing the song, ""What You Know"". The song would go on to become the biggest hit of the 2010 album ""Tourist History"".


title: Sight-reading

text: People who find it hard to read music will find it hard to sight-read. The best way to improve is by regular practice. People who play in orchestras will need to be good sight-readers because they often have to play music that they have never seen or heard before.


title: Pointe shoes

text: Mid-18th century dancer Marie Camargo of the Paris Opéra Ballet was the first to wear a non-heeled shoe, enabling her to perform leaps that would have been difficult, if not impossible, in the old shoes.


title: Army of the Potomac

text: There was an urgency to gathering an army together as quickly as possible. Washington was being threatened by the presence of 20,000 Confederate troops camped just 25 miles away near Manassas, Virginia. During the months of April, May and June of 1861, volunteers were everywhere. Almost daily a new group arrived by train. They camped everywhere, even on the White House lawn. On May 24, 1861, Brigadier general Irwin McDowell took command of the new army, called the Army of Northeastern Virginia. With training still incomplete McDowell was ordered to engage the Confederate forces at Manassas. He moved south very slowly which allowed the Confederate commander, P. G. T. Beauregard, enough time to call for reinforcements from his fellow general, Joseph E. Johnston. The engagement that followed was called the First Battle of Bull Run.


title: Farrier

text: By law, in Great Britain, it is illegal for anyone except a registered farrier to call themselves a farrier or to carry out any farriery work under the Farriers (Registration) Act 1975. The main aim of this act is to "prevent and avoid suffering by and cruelty to horses arising from the shoeing of horses by unskilled persons".


title: Arsenic pentoxide

text: Arsenic pentoxide cannot be produced by burning arsen. That only results in AsO. To produce arsenic pentoxid, arsenic acid will be dehydrated. This is done with phosphorus(V) oxide.


title: Edwin M. Stanton

text: He was married to Mary Lamson from 1836 until her death in 1844. They had two children; Lucy Lamson and Edwin Lamson. Then he was married to Ellen Hutchinson. His brother David committed suicide. Stanton died on December 24, 1869 in Washington, D.C. from respiratory failure, aged 55.


title: SAP Center at San Jose

text: The arena has held many WWE events as well including: the Royal Rumble in 1998, SummerSlam in 2001, and The Great American Bash in 2007.


title: Beaumaris

text: The castle was built on a marsh by the village of Llanfaes. The French builders called the marsh "beaux marais" which means "beautiful marsh". This is how the town got its name. The people who lived village in Llanfaes were removed to a new village in the west of Anglesey to make way for the castle. This village was called Newborough and it still exists today.


title: Baranagar

text: Baranagar is a major industrial centre for the manufacture of agricultural and industrial machinery, chemicals, castor oil, and matches. There are also many cotton-processing companies.


title: Controlled flight into terrain

text: According to Boeing, CFIT is a leading cause of airplane accidents involving the loss of life. It has caused over 9,000 deaths since the beginning of the commercial jet age. CFIT was identified as a cause of 25% of USAF Class A mishaps between 1993 and 2002.


title: Sight-reading

text: People who learn the piano often find sight-reading hard because they have to read two staves at once (one for each hand). Playing through lots of easy music is a good way to improve. Playing piano duets with a friend is also great fun.


title: Pointe shoes

text: The first dancers to rise up on their toes did so with the help of an invention by Charles Didelot in 1795. His 'flying machine' lifted dancers upward, allowing them to stand on their toes before leaving the ground. This lightness and ethereal quality was well received by audiences and, as a result, choreographers began put more pointework into their pieces.


title: Army of the Potomac

text: Also called the First Battle of Manassas, fought on July 21, 1861 it was the first large battle of the American Civil War. McDowell started marching part of his army around the left end of the Confederate army attempting a flanking maneuver. The two armies started shooting at each other about 6 a.m. near Matthews Hill. The Confederates did not expect the Union army to attack but they moved brigades to their left flank. The Union army pushed the Confederates back from Matthews Hill about 11 a.m. The Confederates retreated back to another hill called Henry House Hill. On the hill was Thomas J. Jackson's brigade. Another Confederate general was trying to regroup his men. When Jackson rushed forward to fill a gap in the Confederate line the general said, "Look men, there is Jackson standing like a stone wall!" After the battle Jackson would be called "Stonewall Jackson". All the Union attacks on the Confederate lines failed. In the afternoon the Confederates made an attack of their own. This drove the Union army back towards Washington, D.C. The Confederates were too tired to chase after them.


title: Farrier

text: The Worshipful Company of Farriers a London Livery Company, was set up in 1356. It still offers diplomas which are recognised qualifications to be a modern farrier.


title: Beaumaris

text: Notable buildings in the town include the castle, a courthouse built in 1614, St Mary's parish church, and the town gaol.


title: Baranagar

text: The word "Baranagar" derives from the Bengali term "Barahanagore" (Bengali: বরাহনগর), meaning "City of the Hogs". (বরাহ: hog, নগর: city)


title: Sight-reading

text: When someone is reading aloud their eyes are looking several words ahead of the word they are speaking. In the same way a good sight-reader will try to look ahead of the notes he is playing. The player is "anticipating" (thinking about what is going to happen next). In this way he can try to make the music expressive, even if it means leaving out some of the notes.


title: Pointe shoes

text: As dance progressed into the 1800s, the desire grew to dance en pointe without the aid of wires. When Marie Taglioni first danced "La Sylphide" en pointe, her shoes were nothing more than modified satin slippers. Because the shoes of this period offered no support, dancers would pad their toes for comfort and rely on the strength of their feet and ankles for support.


title: Army of the Potomac

text: Four days later, McDowell was replaced by Major general George B. McClellan. A month later the name was changed to the Army of the Potomac. McClellan began training McDowell's raw troops. He organized the army and made sure they were well equipped. For several months, Lincoln urged MaClellan to take the Army of the Potomac and go on the offensive. Finally Lincoln demanded he take action against the Confederate army.


title: Beaumaris

text: Beaumaris has a pier which was opened in 1846. The pier was enlarged to 570 feet after storm damage in 1872. Beaumaris Pier is still a busy base for yachts and other boats.


title: Baranagar

text: Streynsham Master who visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export.


title: Sight-reading

text: A good sight-reader will be able to see the printed music and imagine what the notes should sound like. In this way he will not need to keep looking at his fingers to check whether he is playing the correct notes.


title: Pointe shoes

text: The birth of the modern pointe shoe may be due to the early 20th century Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova, who was one of the most famous and influential dancers of her time. Pavlova's feet had particularly high archs, which left her vulnerable to injury when dancing en pointe. To help this problem, she would put tough leather soles into her shoes for extra support, and would flatten and harden the toe area to form a box. While this practice made dancing en pointe easier for her, it was regarded by her rivals as 'cheating'.


title: Army of the Potomac

text: In March 1862, the Army of the Potomac began its first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. McClellan landed his army at Fort Monroe. The Army then moved northwest, up the Virginia Peninsula. The Confederate defensive position on the Warwick Line caught McClellan by surprise. McClellan ordered his army to prepare for a siege of Yorktown, Virginia. Before the Union army was ready, the Confederates began a withdrawal toward Richmond. The first heavy fighting of the campaign happened in the Battle of Williamsburg. The Union troops managed some small victories, but the Confederates continued their withdrawal. An amphibious flanking movement cut off the Confederate retreat. In the Battle of Drewry's Bluff, an attempt by the U.S. Navy to reach Richmond by way of the James River failed.


title: Baranagar

text: Baranagar houses the headquarters of the Indian Statistical Institute. It is an academic institute of national importance as recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliament. Established in 1931, this public university of India is focused on statistics.


title: Sight-reading

text: Some pianists are very good at sight-reading. The pianist John Ogdon was able to read extremely difficult modern music at first sight.


title: Pointe shoes

text: Girls will usually start en pointe between the ages of 10 and 13. Starting too early may be bad for the feet of the dancer. Dance teachers' societies give their members information and advice on this subject.


title: Baranagar

text: Baranagar is also home to many schools providing quality education to the local and neighbourhood people.


title: Pointe shoes

text: Some girls will never go en pointe. This is usually because they are not strong enough, as going en pointe means one has to have enough strength. Ballet class is not social dancing, it is aimed at professional training. But the basic pre-pointe class may still be useful for young dancers who later move into, for example, stage dancing. In that case, the lack of pointe work would not interfere with their eventual employment.


title: Baranagar

text: Several educational institutions, religious places, pilgrims, places of Baranagar are tourist attractions:


title: Pointe shoes

text: It takes considerable strength in the feet, ankle, leg, knee, and abdomen to dance en pointe. Students must be at least 11 or 12 years of age before attempting pointe work. The bones and growth plates in the feet are usually not fully hardened and developed before that age. Serious foot deformities can result from starting pointe too early, even if the student is strong and skillful. Attempting to dance en pointe before the feet and toes are fully grown can cause career-ending damage that will prevent dancing en pointe for a lifetime. Top ballet schools have specialist orthopaedic consultants, and foot X-rays are an obvious and necessary safeguard before pointe work begins.


title: Baranagar

text: Besides these, many people come in Baranagar every year in Durga puja period, in the time of "Ajanta Circus".


title: Pointe shoes

text: Pointe shoes are normally only worn by female ballet dancers. Male dancers may wear them for a comic effect in unorthodox roles such as the Ugly Stepsisters in "Cinderella", or Bottom in "A Midsummer Night's Dream". The all-male dance troupe Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo have dance programs with choreography entirely on pointe. This is one element of spectacle for the audience to demonstrate how the physical demands of classical ballet combine the artistic and the athletic.


title: Pointe shoes

text: All pointe shoes are handmade. There are many different companies which make these shoes. Some of them include: Bloch, Capezio, Gamba, Grishko, Gaynor Mindens, Sansha and Freed of London.


title: Pointe shoes

text: Its important that pointe shoes fit correctly. If they do not, it can cause the dancers feet to become sore. It can also affect the way the dancer performs in them and may cause injury to the dancer. A dancer may need to try on many pairs of pointe shoes before they find ones that fit correctly. Also, when the pointe shoes are "dead" (too soft to dance in any more), the shoes will need to be replaced.


title: Pointe shoes

text: With light use, a pair of pointe shoes may last through ten to twenty hours of wear. A dance student may get weeks of serviceable use from a pair of pointe shoes. Professional dancers wear out pointe shoes much more quickly; a new pair may wear out in a single performance. As a result, ballet companies either buy shoes in bulk or give shoe allowances for their dancers.


title: Pointe shoes

text: Ballet companies order pointe shoes in huge quantities at maybe $50-$110 a pair. A soloist or principal dancer will have her shoes specially hand-made to her needs, and may get through several in a single performance. Dancers' feet take a terrific battering, and few end their careers without having some damage to their feet. This is the reality behind the light, airy, graceful sight on the stage.


title: Pointe shoes

text: Demi-pointe shoes are often used to train dancers who are new to pointe technique. They help dancers get used to the feel of pointe shoes, strengthen the ankles and feet. The toe box allows the dancer to feel a pointe, while the insole and outsole work together to give the resistance for developing foot and ankle strength.


title: Pointe shoes

text: Demi-pointe is often used in modern dance, because choreography in modern dance most often asks for balance on the ball of the foot, which is what those shoes are made for.


title: Wookiee

text: A Wookiee is a fictional race of aliens from the Star Wars series of movies. Their home planet is Kashyyyk. The best known Wookiee character is Chewbacca.


title: Vale of White Horse

text: The Vale of White Horse is a local government district of Oxfordshire in England. The main town is Abingdon, other places are Faringdon and Wantage. There are 68 parishes within the district.


title: Animatronics

text: Animatronics is to use electronics and robotics in automated, magically moving puppets to make them appear to be alive. It is normally used in moviemaking, but also in theme parks and other forms of getting out of boredom. The best things about it and CGI and stop motion is that it is not a feeling of reality, but are some objects moving in the computer. The technology behind this has become more large and difficult over the years, making the puppets become real.


title: Battle of Princeton

text: The Battle of Princeton was a battle during the American Revolution. It was fought in January of 1777 near Princeton, New Jersey. The battle came a week after the Battle of Trenton, where General George Washington had led the Continental Army to a surprise victory over the British.


title: Maureen Tucker

text: Maureen ("Mo" or "Moe") Tucker (born August 26, 1944 in Levittown, New York) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the Velvet Underground, a band from the 1960s and early 1970s.


title: Ka

text: Ka is one of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul. The Ka was the life force and left the body during death. Ka was believed to be in food and drink and was placed with the dead for offerings. The Egyptians believed that at death the Ba and the Ka join together through Nehebkau before entering Duat.


title: Lachlan Macquarie

text: Major-General Lachlan Macquaire CB (31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824) was a British military officer and the fifth Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821.


title: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

text: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), previously known as multiple organ failure (MOF), Total organ failure(TOF) or multisystem organ failure (MSOF), is when the organ function is acutely ill and the patient is required medical intervention to achieve homeostasis. It usually involves two or more organ systems.


title: Sid Haig

text: Sid Haig (born Sidney Eddy Mosesian; July 14, 1939 – September 21, 2019) was an American actor. He was known for starring in two Rob Zombie movies "House of 1000 Corpses" and "The Devil's Rejects".


title: Complexity class

text: A Complexity class is a concept from theoretical computer science and mathematics: All problems that have the same complexity are in the same complexity class. This means, that for a given input, they need about the same amount of resources, such as compute time, or memory. The most often used models for complexity are time complexity, which measures the time needed to calculate a result, or space complexity, which looks at the amount of memory or storage needed. When talking about complexity classes, a "worst case scenario" is usually assumed.


title: Rhipidistia

text: The Rhipidistia are lobe-finned fish, and include the ancestors of the tetrapods. The Rhipidistia are a subgroup of Sarcopterygii which includes the lungfish (Dipnoi) and the tetrapodomorphs.


title: Eric André

text: Eric Samuel André (born April 4, 1983) is an American actor, comedian and television host. He is the creator, host, and co-writer of "The Eric Andre Show" on Adult Swim. André played Mike on the FXX series "Man Seeking Woman".


title: Richard Thomas (actor)

text: He is best known for his leading role as author John-Boy Walton in the CBS drama "The Waltons", for which he won one Emmy Award and received nominations for another Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards.


title: Paul Dooley

text: Paul Dooley Brown (born February 22, 1928) is an American movie, television, voice actor, writer, and comedian. He is perhaps best known for his voice role as Sarge in the Disney-Pixar animated movies "Cars," "Cars 2 and Cars 3." Dooley was born on February 22, 1928 in Parkersburg, West Virginia. Dooley married Winnie Holzman in 1984. They have a daughter, Savannah Dooley.


title: Sandy Koufax

text: Sanford Koufax (born Sanford Braun; December 30, 1935) is an American former baseball player. He was a left-handed pitcher. He played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1955 to 1966. He was a seven-time All-Star and four-time World Series champion. In 1972, Koufax, at age 36, became the youngest player ever to be added to the Baseball Hall of Fame.


title: Opel Antara

text: The Opel Antara is a compact CUV from the General Motors' German automaker Opel since 2006. The Antara replaced the Opel Frontera a badge engineered version of the compact Isuzu Rodeo SUV. It was sold as the second generation Saturn Vue, as a fleet-only Chevrolet Captiva Sport in America, and as a Vauxhall model in the UK. The Vue was discontinued after Saturn went out of business. The Captiva Sport was discontinued upon the introduction of the Trax. The Antara is expected to be replaced with a rebadged Buick Envision and sold as Opel Antara B.


title: Second moment of area

text: The moment of force (also called the first moment of force) about any point is the product of the force and perpendicular distance between them. If this first moment is again multiplied by the perpendicular distance between them, the product so obtained is called the second moment of force or moment of moment of the force.


title: The Wonder Years

text: The Wonder Years is an American comedy-drama series which aired on ABC between 1988 and 1993. It starred Fred Savage and Danica McKellar. Each episode in this series was focused twenty years before the then current year (1968-1973). The show won several awards during its run.


title: Borrelia

text: Today, 36 species of "Borrelia" are known. 12 of these cause borreliosis, a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted primarily by ticks or lice. The vector of transmission is dependent on the species of "Borrelia". Borreliosis is also known as Lyme disease. "Borrelia burgdorferi" and "Borrelia afzelii" are among the species that cause Lyme disease. Other species such as "Borrelia hermsii" or "Borrelia parkeri" cause relapsing fever. In this case, the vector are ticks, which are spread by rodents.


title: Ready to Die

text: Ready to Die is the debut album by American rapper, The Notorious B.I.G.. It was released on September 13, 1994 by Bad Boy Records. "Ready to Die" was ranked #133 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time and was included in Time's list of the 100 greatest albums of all time. The song "Big Poppa" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance at the 1996 Grammy Awards but lost to Coolio's "Gangsta's Paradise". It was his only studio album that was released during his lifetime as he was murdered days prior to the release of his second studio album Life After Death (1997).


title: Color of Night

text: Color of Night is a 1994 American erotic mystery thriller movie. It was released on August 19, 1994. It is directed by Richard Rush. It stars Bruce Willis, Jane March and Scott Bakula. "Color of Night" gained notoriety for sex scenes between Willis and March, which were somewhat graphic and explicit by mainstream standards. The character Rose (played by March) is a bisexual woman. The scenes led the MPAA to give "Color of Night" an NC-17 rating; certain scenes were then removed before release. "Color of Night" is rated R for sexual content, graphic violence and very strong language. "Maxim" magazine has singled out the movie as having the best sex scene in movie history.


title: Charlotte Riley

text: Charlotte Riley (born 29 December 1981) is an English actress. She is best known for playing Sarah in "Easy Virtue". She also played Kate Hansen in the movie "Entity".


title: Multivariable calculus

text: In calculus, multivariable calculus is the extension of regular, one-dimensional calculus to more than one dimension. Most of the concepts from calculus, such as continuity and chain rule, still work in more than one dimension, though sometimes with greater complexity and counter-intuitive result.


title: Leek, Staffordshire

text: Leek is a market town and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. It is around 10 miles (16 km) north east of the city of Stoke-on-Trent. It is near to the border with Cheshire.


title: Francisco Varela

text: Francisco Javier Varela García (September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001) was a Chilean biologist, philosopher, and neuroscientist.


title: Jake Garn

text: Edwin Jacob "Jake" Garn (born October 12, 1932) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He served as a U.S. Senator representing Utah from 1974 to 1993.


title: Chidambaram

text: Chidambaram is a town and municipality in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Chidambaram taluk.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

text: The first case in Pakistan happened when a student in Karachi tested positive after returning from Iran. By 18 March, cases had been registered in all four provinces, the two autonomous territories, and the federal territory of Islamabad.


title: Majority government

text: A majority government is when a ruling party (or multiple ruling parties) has more than half the seats in a legislature. This is different from a minority government, when the party with the most seats in a legislature has less than half the seats, and a coalition government, when multiple different parties work together to govern. Usually when elections happen, the parties try to win a majority government. This is because majority governments let them pass all their legislation.


title: Albert Speer Jr.

text: Albert Speer (; 29 July 1934 – 15 September 2017) was a German architect and urban planner. He was the son of Albert Speer (1905–81) who was Adolf Hitler's chief architect. He was born in Berlin, Germany.


title: Shinjitai

text: Shinjitai (kanji: 新字体, kana:しんじたい) literally means "new character forms" in Japanese. These are kanji (the Japanese word for Chinese characters) that were simplified in Japan after World War II. At that time the Japanese government changed the writing system by replacing many kyūjitai (kanji: 旧字体, kana: きゅうじたい, meaning: old character forms) by making simpler characters. These newer characters had the exact same meaning and pronunciations as the older ones, but they could be written with fewer strokes of a pen. For example, the character 樂 simplified to 楽. Some shinjitai characters are also used as simplified Chinese characters. For example, the character 国 is used in both Japanese and simplified Chinese. However, most shinjitai look more like traditional Chinese characters (called kyūjitai in Japanese) than even simplified Chinese characters do, and there are also far fewer shinjitai than simplified Chinese characters. While most Japanese words these days use the shinjitai form, there are a few words where writing the kyūjitai form is still common. For example, the word "dragon" is usually written using the shinjitai character 竜, but writing the kyūjitai character 龍 for it is also still quite common. For most kanji, however, the shinjitai form is unchanged from the kyūjitai form.


title: Aberfan disaster

text: The Aberfan disaster occurred on 21 October 1966. It was the collapse of a colliery spoil tip onto the village of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Wales. It killed 144 people.


title: Joan of the Tower

text: Joan of the Tower (5 July 1321 – 7 September 1362) was the queen of Scotland from 1329 until her death as the first wife of David II of Scotland. She was the daughter of Edward II of England and Isabella of France.


title: Wookiee

text: When George Lucas was developing fictional characters for "Star Wars", he named Chewbacca after his dog, Chewbacca. The name "Wookiee" came from an in Lucas's first feature movie, "THX 1138". The line was "I think I ran over a Wookiee back there."


title: Vale of White Horse

text: It is a region between the Berkshire Downs and the River Thames. It was named after the prehistoric Uffington White Horse. The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972. The area is often referred to as the ‘Vale of the White Horse’.


title: Battle of Princeton

text: The Continental Army, led by Washington, advanced to Princeton after their victory at Trenton. The army defeated a small British force. A larger British force, led by Charles Cornwallis, was alerted and gave chase. However, the Continental Army burned the bridges behind them and sniped at the British army before escaping to Morristown, New Jersey.


title: Maureen Tucker

text: Tucker worked in a factory during the day, but played drums as a hobby. Two of her brother Jim's friends were college , Lou Reed and Sterling Morrison, who had started a band. (Jim gave the band its name, after he brought them a copy of a book titled "The Velvet Underground".) When their drummer suddenly quit, she was asked to fill in for him. She did so, and ended up staying with the band full-time. She left her factory job.


title: Lachlan Macquarie

text: Macquarie had a leading role in the social, economic and architectural development of Australia. Historians say he changed New South Wales from a penal colony to a free settlement. This was very important in making the future of Australian society.


title: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

text: The use of "multiple organ failure" or "multisystem organ failure" should be avoided since that phrase was based upon physiological parameters to determine whether or not a particular organ was failing.


title: Sid Haig

text: Haig was born on July 14, 1939 in Fresno, California. He studied at the Pasadena Playhouse. Haig married Susan L. Oberg in 2007.


title: Rhipidistia

text: As cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades a monophyletic Rhipidistia is now understood to include the ancestor of the whole Tetrapoda.


title: Richard Thomas (actor)

text: He also starred in Stephen King's miniseries "It" and played Special Agent Frank Gaad on FX's spy thriller series "The Americans".


title: Sandy Koufax

text: Koufax was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family. He has been married three times and has no biological children.


title: Second moment of area

text: If instead of force, the area of the figure or mass of the body is considered, it is called the second moment of area or second moment of mass. They are also termed broadly as moments of inertia.


title: Multivariable calculus

text: Special multivariable uses include "partial derivatives", or differentiation with only one dimension at a time, and "multiple integration", or integrating over more than one dimension. The gradient operator formula_1, defined in terms of partial derivatives, is used to defined higher concepts such as Laplace operator, divergence and curl. By integrating a multivariable function over several variables, one can define an integral over an area, surface or volume as well.


title: Leek, Staffordshire

text: The town is the administrative centre of the Staffordshire Moorlands district in the north of the county.


title: Francisco Varela

text: Varela was, with his teacher Humberto Maturana, best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology, and for co-founding the Mind and Life Institute to promote dialog between science and Buddhism.


title: Jake Garn

text: Garn became the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space when he flew aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery as a Payload Specialist during NASA mission STS-51-D (April 12–19, 1985).


title: Chidambaram

text: Chidambaram covers an area of and had a population of 62,153 as of 2011. Annamalai University, established in 1929 in Chidambaram, is one of the oldest and most prominent universities in the state. This town is known famous for the great Thillai Nataraja Temple.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

text: there have been over 34,300 confirmed cases with 8,812 recoveries and 737 deaths in the country. Punjab has recorded the most cases at over 13,200, while Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has reported the most deaths in the country, a total of 245.


title: Majority government

text: Sometimes, when parties have a very stable coalition for a very long time, people call it a majority government. One example of this is in Australia, where the Liberal and National have parties have worked together in a coalition for several decades.


title: Albert Speer Jr.

text: In 1984 he founded the company Büro Albert Speer & Partner in Frankfurt am Main. He was responsible for the design of Expo 2000 in Hanover, design of the Shanghai International Automobile City, and the central axis in Beijing created while serving as lead designer for the 2008 Olympics.


title: Joan of the Tower

text: Joan was the youngest daughter of King Edward II of England and Isabella of France. She was born in the Tower of London on 5 July 1321. According to the Treaty of Northampton, Joan was married on 17 July 1328 to David the son and heir of Robert I of Scotland at Berwick-upon-Tweed. At the time of the marriage Joan was 7 and David was 4. Their marriage lasted for 34 years.


title: Wookiee

text: On Kashyyyk wookiees build their houses in mile-high trees. They have long arms and legs so they can climb the trees. Chewbacca is over seven feet tall and over 200 years old. By nature they are gentle and intelligent creatures. When angered they can pull a man's arms out of their s. Wookiees have a great sense of smell. They are fully covered with a thick coat of hair. Wookiees prize loyalty and above all else.


title: Vale of White Horse

text: It is the valley of the Ock, a stream which joins the Thames from the West at Abingdon. The Vale is almost flat and well-wooded. Following local usage the vale covers all the ground between the Cotswolds (on the north) and the White Horse Hills. According to the geographical definition, however, the Vale is from two to five miles wide, and the distance by road from Abingdon to Shrivenham at its head is 18 miles.


title: Battle of Princeton

text: The battle resulted in about 200 casualties (deaths) for the British along with another 300 injured or captured, while the Americans suffered minimal losses. The battle boosted American morale.


title: Maureen Tucker

text: Early on she was asked to "do something different" with her drums. Tucker turned her bass drum on its side, and began playing with instead of drumsticks, standing up. This became her signature style. (She also played a few times, after her drums were stolen.) She played on all the band's recordings for Verve Records and MGM's record label, and their concerts through the 1960s. She also sang lead vocals on "After Hours" and "I'm Sticking With You".


title: Lachlan Macquarie

text: Macquarie was born on the island of Ulva, in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. His father had a small farm at Oskamull on Mull. Macquarie's brother Donald, died as a prisoner of war during the American Revolution. Macquarie joined the army, the Royal Highland Emigrants. He was sent to Nova Scotia in 1776, and later served at New York and Charleston. In 1781 he became a Lieutenant and went to Jamaica for three years. He went back to Scotland, for a few years on half pay. He then joined the 77th Regiment and went to India.


title: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

text: The condition usually results from infection, injury (accident, surgery), hypoperfusion and hypermetabolism. The primary cause triggers an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Sepsis is the most common cause in operative and non-operative patients. Sepsis may result in septic shock.


title: Sid Haig

text: In early September 2019, Haig was hospitalized after falling at his home in Los Angeles. While recovering, he suffered from a lung infection. He died on September 21, 2019 from cardiopulmonary arrest caused by COPD and bowel obstruction at the age of 80.


title: Second moment of area

text: There is no physical significance for moment of inertia. It is just a mathematical expression usually denoted by formula_1


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

text: The country has been put under a nation-wide lockdown until 9 May, which was initiated on 1 April and later extended twice. On 7 May, Prime Minister Imran Khan announced to slowly end lockdown phase from 9 May 2020.


title: Wookiee

text: The Wookiee language is Shyriiwook. Wookiees are capable of understanding English but cannot speak it. In the original Star Wars trilogy Chewbacca showed he could understand humans. His human partner, Han Solo, also shows knowledge of Shyriiwook. In the Star Wars expanded universe books, Chewbacca builds a miniature translator droid ("Em Teedee") for his nephew Lowbacca. When Lowbacca begins training as a Jedi the droid helped him communicate with his fellow students.


title: Vale of White Horse

text: The highest hill of the district is White Horse Hill that is 261 m (856 ft) high. In its northern flank, just below the summit, a gigantic figure of a horse is cut, the turf is removed to show the white chalky soil beneath. This figure gives name to the hill, the range and the vale. It is 114 m (374 ft) long, the neck, body and tail varying little in width.


title: Maureen Tucker

text: Tucker had to take a break from drumming in 1970, when she became pregnant. Billy Yule, teenage brother of Doug Yule, filled in for her on drums until after her baby Kerry was born. Tucker returned to the band, staying on even when Reed and Morrison left. She quit later, when the band thought about changing names. Instead of a solo career, she went back to factory work, and family life.


title: Lachlan Macquarie

text: He was ordered to arrest John Macarthur and George Johnston who were the leaders of the Rum Rebellion but they had already sailed to England before he got to Australia. There was a large increase in the number of convicts sent to Australia while Macquaire was governor. He used the extra convicts to build roads, building, and towns. He gave tickets of leave to well behaved convicts. This caused him problems with the free settlers, people who had not been convicts. They thought they should have special rights, and that the convicts should not be seen as their equals. They made many complaints about Macquarie's government back to their friends in England.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

text: According to a report by the federal government, Pakistan could have expected 50,000 cases of the disease by 25 April. However, the number by then remained under 13,000, less than half of what was expected.


title: Maureen Tucker

text: Later Tucker began drumming with other bands, including her own projects. She joined the Velvet Underground's 1990s reunions, and was present when the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.


title: Lachlan Macquarie

text: Clashes between the settlers and the Aboriginal people increased. Macquarie believed that the best way to treat Aboriginal people was to civilise them. That meant replacing their traditional way of life with European ways. He set up a school for children but most left or went back to their families after a short time. He tried to make a small town to teach the Aborigines how to farm and build houses. He made laws to place Aborigines under British control.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

text: Pakistan started vaccine trials in collaboration with Sinopharm, a Chinese pharmaceutical company in April 2020.


title: Lachlan Macquarie

text: Macquarie resigned at the end of 1821 because of poor health and the difficulty of the job. He served longer than any other governor. When he left 265 major works had been completed, including new army barracks, three convict barracks, roads to Parramatta, a road across the Blue Mountains, stables, a hospital and five towns along the Hawkesbury River, which were out of reach of floodwaters.


title: Lachlan Macquarie

text: In 1822 and 1823 Macquarie took his family on a holiday to France, Italy and Switzerland. In 1824 he went back to live in his house on Mull. In April 1824 he died in London from a bladder and kidney infection. His body was sent back to his home for burial. His grave is now looked after by the National Trust of Australia.


title: Crochet hook

text: A crochet hook is a tool used for making crochet fabric. The hook at the end is used to grab yarn. The tool also has a flat part for fingers to hold during work. Crochet hooks come in different sizes for different sizes of yarn.


title: Rebec

text: The rebec is a bowed string musical instrument that was played many hundreds of years ago. It was either held under the chin, like a violin, or held against the arm. The name “rebec” was spelt in a variety of ways.


title: Pro Bowl

text: The Pro Bowl is the all-star game for the National Football League (NFL). It is played the week before the Super Bowl. The game has been played at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii, since January 1980.


title: John Hartson

text: John Hartson (born 5 April 1975) is a former Welsh football player. He has played for Wales national team.


title: Cheap Trick

text: Cheap Trick are a rock band from Illinois, USA. They were very popular in the 1970s and 80s. Some of their hits include: Surrender, Dream Police and I Want You to Want Me. They are still very big in Japan and are called the "American Beatles" in Japan.


title: Enter Shikari

text: Enter Shikari are a post-hardcore band from St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. The band is named after the Hindi word "Shikari" meaning hunter.


title: Modern language

text: A modern language is a language which is spoken today. It is the opposite of an extinct language. The official languages of countries are modern languages.


title: Ascaris

text: Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematode worms known as the "giant intestinal roundworms". One species, "A. suum", typically infects pigs, while another, "A. lumbricoides", affects humans, typically in sub-tropical and tropical areas with poor sanitation. "A. lumbricoides" is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common worm infection of humans, an infection known as "ascariasis". Infestation can cause morbidity, and sometimes death, by compromising nutritional status, affecting cognitive processes, inducing tissue reactions, such as granuloma, and provoking intestinal obstruction or rectal prolapse.


title: Dance-punk

text: Dance-punk (also known as disco-punk or punk-funk) is a music genre that started in the late 1970s, and is closely related to the post-punk and No Wave movements. Groups, such as !!! and The Rapture are examples of Dance-punk.


title: John Bull (composer)

text: John Bull (born 1562 or 1563; died March 15, 1628) was an English composer, musician, and organ builder. He was famous for playing the harpsichord and organ. Most of his compositions were written for keyboard instruments. He became a Gentleman, and then organist, at the Chapel Royal. He was also known for getting into trouble for adultery. He went to Europe and may have worked as a spy. He died in Antwerp.


title: Thomas Morley

text: Thomas Morley (born at Norwich?, 1557 or 1558; died at London, October 1602) was an English composer, music theorist and organist. He was the most important English composer of madrigals. He studied the madrigals by Italian composers and created the tradition of the English madrigal, a tradition that became extremely popular, but which only lasted about 30 years.


title: City of Chelmsford

text: Chelmsford is a borough in the county of Essex in the East of England. It has the same name as it main settlement of Chelmsford, the county town of Essex. About 170,000 people live in the borough. It was formed on 1 April 1974.


title: Nicktoons (American TV channel)

text: Nicktoons is an American digital cable and satellite television network owned by Viacom. It is a sister service of the Nickelodeon cable channel. The network broadcasts Nickelodeon's animated series, Nicktoons, along with other original animated series and foreign animation from other Nickelodeon networks overseas 24 hours a day. The slogan for the network is "Big Stars, Animated."


title: Ambulocetus

text: Ambulocetus ("walking whale") was an early amphibious cetacean. It could walk as well as swim. "Ambulocetus natans" lived from the early Eocene (50 to 48 million years ago). Its fossils have been found in Pakistan. When the animal was alive, Pakistan was a coastal region of India, which was then a large island in the Indian Ocean.


title: Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria

text: Infanta Margarita of Spain, Duchess of Soria, 2nd Duchess of Hernani, Grandee of Spain ("Margarita María de la Victoria Esperanza Jacoba Felicidad Perpetua de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón"; born 6 March 1939) is a member of the Spanish royal family. She is the younger sister of King Juan Carlos I and aunt of current King Felipe VI of Spain. Her parents were Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. She also had other siblings, Infanta Pilar and Infante Alfonso.


title: Parliament of Pakistan

text: The Parliament of Pakistan, officially known as Majlis-e-Shoora (, "Council of Advisors" in Urdu and Persian, although referred to as "Parliament") is the federal and supreme legislative body of Pakistan. It is bicameral federal legislature of Pakistan that consists of the Senate (upper house) and the National Assembly (lower house). According to Article 50 of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the Council also includes the President of Pakistan.


title: Little Nicky

text: Little Nicky is a 2000 American fantasy comedy movie that was produced by Jack Giarraputo and Robert Simonds and was directed by Steven Brill. It stars Adam Sandler and is set in New York City.


title: San Pedro Town

text: San Pedro is a town in Belize. It is on the southern part of the island of Ambergris Caye. English is the main language spoken, however many people speak Spanish.


title: Super Bowl XLIX

text: Super Bowl XLIX (meaning Super Bowl 49 in Roman numerals) was an American football game in which the New England Patriots, winners of the American Football Conference (AFC) for the 2014 season, beat the Seattle Seahawks, winners of the National Football Conference (NFC), 28–24 to become winners of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2014 season. It was the fourth time the New England Patriots had won a Super Bowl. It was played at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona on February 1, 2015. An estimated 114.4 million people watched it in the United States


title: Madeleine Astor

text: Madeleine Astor (19 June 1893 – 27 March 1940) was an American socialite, who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic. She was married to John Jacob Astor IV. Madeleine passed away on March 27, 1940. She died from heart failure, but some rumors say she overdosed on drugs.


title: Hustlers (movie)

text: Hustlers is a 2019 American comedy-drama movie written and directed by Lorene Scafaria, based on the "New York" magazine article "The Hustlers at Scores" by Jessica Pressler. The movie stars Constance Wu, Jennifer Lopez, Cardi B, Keke Palmer, Julia Stiles, Lili Reinhart, and Lizzo.


title: Dodge Charger

text: The Dodge Charger is an American car. They are marketed through the Dodge division of Chrysler. Several different vehicles built on at least three different chassis have had the Charger name.


title: Ali Mahdi Muhammad

text: Ali Mahdi Muhammad (, ) (1 January 1939 – 10 March 2021) was a Somali businessman and politician. He was President of Somalia from 26 January 1991 to 3 January 1997.


title: Regret

text: Regret is the emotion of wishing one had made a different decision in the past, because the effect of the decision were not good.


title: BBC Micro

text: The BBC Micro or the Beeb was an 8-bit home computer from 1981. Acorn Computers developed and built the BBC Micro. Over 1.5 million units were sold during its lifespan. For many children in the UK, the BBC Micro was their first exposure to computers because many were in schools. An estimated 80% of schools in the UK had a BBC Micro computer.


title: Pearson correlation coefficient

text: Pearson's correlation is a mathematical formula used to calculate correlation coefficients between two datasets. Most computer programs have a command to calculate this such as CORREL(dataset x: dataset y). You can calculate this by...


title: Baked potato

text: A baked potato is a type of cooked potato. It is done by using an oven to cook the potato. Some potato types are better for baking than others. Fillings and toppings might be added to it. It is also known as the jacket potato in some parts of the United Kingdom.


title: Keiretsu

text: The companies in the keiretsu each own shares of each other's stock. Sometimes, there is a bank at the middle of a keiretsu. These are called horizontal keiretsu.


title: Sovereign wealth fund

text: A sovereign wealth fund, social wealth fund or sovereign wealth account is a government owned investment fund/account that that invests in tangible and financial assets.


title: Rebec

text: The rebec dates back to the Middle Ages and was particularly popular in the 15th and 16th centuries. The instrument is European, but probably developed from the Afghan instrument called the “rebab”. Instruments like the rebec were being played in the 10th century.


title: Enter Shikari

text: They are known for songs such as "Sorry You're Not a Winner", "Arguing With Thermometers", "Juggernauts" and "Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour". They have an album called "Common Dreads" that contains "Common Dreads", "Solidarity", "Step Up", "Juggernauts", "Wall", "Zzzonked", "Havoc A", "No Sleep Tonight", "Gap in the Fence", "Havoc B", "Antwerpen", "The Jester", "Halcyon (Intro)", "Hectic" and "Fanfare for the Conscious Man".


title: Ascaris

text: The roundworms are members of the phylum Nematoda. They are an extremely successful group; it is estimated that they represent 90% of all life on the seafloor.


title: Dance-punk

text: The Dance-punk genre has become popular again since it started as part of New York's underground scene from 1978 to 1982. The influence of bands like Talking Heads, Liquid Liquid, ESG, and Blondie can be heard throughout the genre.


title: John Bull (composer)

text: Together with Sweelinck and William Byrd he was one of the great composers of keyboard music in the early 17th century. Many of his works are in the collection called the "Fitzwilliam Virginal Book".