title: Trail

text: A trail is a pedestrian path or road mainly used for walking, but often also for cycling, cross-country skiing or other activities. Some trails are off-limits to everyone other than hikers, and few trails allow motorized vehicles.


title: Trail

text: In the United States, the word footpath is also used to mean a trail; however in Australian English, New Zealand English, Indian English, and Irish English this word means "sidewalk" (American English) or "pavement" (British English).


title: Trail

text: In Australia, the word track can be used interchangeably with trail, and can refer to anything from a dirt road to a pedestrian walkway (generally also unpaved). The term "trail" gained popularity during World War II, when many servicemen from the United States were stationed in Australia, which probably influenced its being adopted by elements of the Australian media at the time (see Kokoda Track). In New Zealand, the word track is used almost exclusively except in reference to cross-country skiing, where trail is used.


title: Trail

text: Trail use has become very popular for a wide variety of users. Some trails are meant as nature trails, and are used by people learning about the natural world. Many trails are day trails, what means that they are generally used by people out for a short hike, less than a day. Some trails are backpacking trails, or long-distance trails, and are used by both day hikers and by backpackers. Some of the trails are over a thousand miles (1,500 km) long and may be hiked in sections by backpackers, or completed in one trip by dedicated hikers. Some trails are specifically used by other outdoor enthusiasts to gain access to another feature, such as good climbing sites. Many runners also favor running on trails rather than pavement, as giving a more vigorous work-out and better developing agility skills, as well as providing a more pleasant exercise environment. See trail running.


title: Trail

text: Stairway is another way to ascend higher slopes. Stairway trails are usually for walking only. The stairs are constructed using cuts in dirt, rocks or concrete. Popular stairway trails include Stairway Trails in Bernal Heights East - San Francisco, Stairs at many hill top Hindu temple (Tirumala, Palani) used during Pilgrimage & Machu Picchu.


title: Trail

text: Recent decades have seen an explosion of interest in cycling, both street-type and off-road type. A common term for these facilities is simply "bike trail". These trails may be built to a different set of standards than foot trails, requiring more stable, harder surfaces, less strenuous grades, longer sight visibility, and less sharp changes in direction. On the other hand, the cross-slope of a bike trail may be significantly greater than a foot trail, and the actual treadway may be narrower in some cases.


title: Trail

text: Horseback riding has continued to be a popular activity for many trail users. Again, horse trails are built to different standards than other trails. Sight distance is an important issue with horse trails, as is overhead and side clearance. While trail surface types are a relatively unimportant issue with hikers, they may be an important issue with horses.


title: Trail

text: In cross-country skiing, a trail (also called a 'track' or 'piste') refers to the parallel grooves cut into the snow, one for each ski.


title: Trail

text: Motorized trail use also remains very popular with some people. Such terms as "ORV", "four-wheeling", "all-terrain vehicle", and others actually have highly specific meanings.


title: Twin prime

text: A twin prime is a pair of prime numbers, where one prime is two bigger than the other. The smallest pair of twin primes is 3 and 5. Next comes 5 and 7. Then comes 11 and 13, and then 17 and 19.


title: Twin prime

text: An isolated prime is a prime number "p" where neither "p" - 2 nor "p" + 2 is prime. In other words, "p" is not part of a twin prime pair. For example, 23 is an isolated prime since 21 and 25 are both not prime numbers.


title: Oil tanker

text: An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship made for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries. Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move petrochemicals from refineries to points near consuming markets.


title: Astarte

text: Astarte (Ashtoreth, also spelled Athtart, Ashtoreth, or Ashtart) is the Queen of Heaven to whom the Canaanites burned offerings and poured libations (Jeremiah 44). Astarte, goddess of war and sexual love, shared so many qualities with her sister, Anath, that they may originally have been seen as a single deity. Their names together are the basis for the Aramaic goddess Atargatis.


title: Astarte

text: Astarte was a great goddess of the ancient Middle East and chief deity of Tyre, Sidon, and Elat, important Mediterranean seaports. Hebrew scholars now feel that the goddess Ashtoreth mentioned so often in the Bible is a deliberate conflation of the Greek name Astarte and the Hebrew word "boshet", “shame,” indicating the Hebrews’ contempt for her cult. Ashtaroth, the plural form of the goddess’s name in Hebrew, became a general term denoting goddesses and paganism.


title: Astarte

text: Astarte was worshiped in Egypt and Ugarit and among the Hittites, as well as in Canaan. Her Akkadian counterpart was Ishtar. Later she became assimilated with the Egyptian deities Isis and Hathor (a goddess of the sky and of women), and in the Greco-Roman world with Aphrodite, Artemis, and Juno.


title: Ross Perot

text: Henry Ross Perot (June 27, 1930 – July 9, 2019) was an American businessman. He founded Electronic Data Systems in 1962. He ran for president in 1992 and in 1996. Both times he lost to Bill Clinton. Perot had about 3.5 billion dollars. In 2012, he was ranked by "Forbes" as the 101st-richest person in the United States.


title: Ross Perot

text: Perot was born on June 27, 1930 in Texarkana, Texas. He studied at Texas High School, at Texarkana Junior College and at the United States Naval Academy. Perot married Margot Birmingham in 1956. They had five children and 16 grandchildren.


title: David Boreanaz

text: David Paul Boreanaz (born May 16, 1969) is an American actor. He is best known for his role on the television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Angel". On both of these shows, he played the character Angel. From fall of 2005 to spring of 2017, he has played FBI agent Seeley Booth on "Bones".


title: Sulfur hexafluoride

text: Sulfur hexafluoride, also known as sulfur(VI) fluoride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SF. It contains sulfur in its +6 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions.


title: Cambodian genocide

text: The Cambodian genocide ( "or" , ) was the mass killing of Cambodians by the Khmer Rouge under the leadership of Pol Pot who pushed Cambodia towards communism. It resulted in the deaths of 1.5 to 2 million people from 1975 to 1979. This was a quarter of Cambodia's 1975 population ( 7.8 million).


title: David Boreanaz

text: David Boreanaz was born on May 16, 1969 in Buffalo, New York. He grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father is a television weatherman and his mother is a travel agent. He is of Italian descent. The surname Boreanaz is of Northern Italian origin. He was raised Catholic.


title: Sulfur hexafluoride

text: BBC News says "It's the most powerful greenhouse gas known to humanity, and emissions have risen rapidly in recent years. Sulphur hexafluoride, or SF6, is widely used in the electrical industry to prevent short circuits and accidents. Leaks of the little-known gas in the UK and the rest of the EU in 2017 were the equivalent of putting an extra 1.3 million cars on the road".


title: Cambodian genocide

text: To push its goals, the Khmer Rouge emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to labor camps in the countryside, where mass executions, forced labor, physical abuse, malnutrition, and disease happened.


title: David Boreanaz

text: Boreanaz went to high school in Malvern, Pennsylvania. He went to college at Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York. After graduating, Boreanaz moved to Hollywood, California to become an actor.


title: Sulfur hexafluoride

text: Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless gas. It is very heavy for a gas (about 5 times heavier than air). It is non reactive, and hard to find anything that reacts with it. It is a strong greenhouse gas. This has made people put some restrictions on using it.


title: David Boreanaz

text: Boreanaz' first television acting job was a single episode on the hit American sitcom, "Married... with Children". He played Kelly Bundy's biker boyfriend. He was cast in the television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", after being seen by a producer when Boreanaz was walking his dog. In the series, he played Angel, a vampire with a soul. The series became very successful and Boreanaz starred in a spin-off series, "Angel". This new series gave the character a chance to evolve. It was mainly about on Angel's battle for redemption. He appeared on "Buffy" from 1997 to 1999, at which point he began starring in "Angel", which ran until 2004. Totalling all of his appearances on "Buffy" & "Angel", including guest appearances, Boreanaz has been in more episodes of the 2 series than any other actor.


title: Sulfur hexafluoride

text: It is made by reacting sulfur with fluorine. That combination also makes toxic disulfur decafluoride, which has to be removed.


title: David Boreanaz

text: Boreanaz's only starring role in a major theatrical movie was in 2001's slasher horror movie, "Valentine". This movie also starred Denise Richards and Katherine Heigl. In 2003, he appeared in the music video for singer Dido's "White Flag". He was also the voice of Leon (aka Squall Leonhart) in the video game "Kingdom Hearts".


title: Sulfur hexafluoride

text: It is used in electronics and various electrical devices. It can be used in the body since it is not toxic. It can be used as a test gas to look where gas flows in a heater system, for example. It is detected easily. It is used in some torpedoes. Lithium is one of the only things that reacts with sulfur hexafluoride. Sulfur hexafluoride is sprayed on lithium. This makes the lithium very hot. It creates steam from water and shoots the torpedo. It can be breathed in to make the voice deeper. This is the opposite of breathing in helium gas.


title: David Boreanaz

text: In 2005, Boreanaz began starring along with Emily Deschanel on the prime time television series, "Bones". He most recently appeared in "These Girls", a Canadian movie in which he played a biker. The movie was first shown at the Toronto Film Festival and the Vancouver International Film Festival. It was later shown in a small number of theaters in Canada in March 2006. His future roles include parts in the independent films "Mr. Fix it" and "Suffering Man's Charity". It is also rumored that Boreanaz will star in the upcoming movie "Jurassic Park 4" which will be released some time in 2008. In that same year, he also voiced Hal Jordan in the direct to video DC Comics animated movie "".


title: Sulfur hexafluoride

text: Sulfur hexafluoride is not toxic. It can fill up in closed spaces though. A person may suffocate in the closed space if sulfur hexafluoride has pushed out the oxygen from the space.


title: David Boreanaz

text: Boreanaz lives in Los Angeles, California. He was married to Ingrid Quinn from June 7, 1997 to October 1999. He married actress and model Jaime Bergman on November 24, 2001. The couple has a son, Jaden Rayne Boreanaz, who was born on May 1, 2002. He and his wife are also good friends with Raven Symone. David attended her 21st birthday in December 2006.


title: Sulfur hexafluoride

text: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is the most potent greenhouse gas that it has evaluated, with a global warming potential (GWP) of 22,800 times that of when compared over a 100-year period. Measurements of SF show that its global average mixing ratio has increased by about 0.2 ppt per year to over 7 ppt. Sulfur hexafluoride is also extremely long-lived. It is inert in the troposphere and stratosphere. It has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 800–3200 years. is very stable. (For countries reporting their emissions to the UNFCCC, a GWP of 23,900 for was suggested at the third Conference of the Parties: GWP used in Kyoto protocol). Average global SF concentrations increased by about seven percent per year during the 1980s and 1990s, mostly as the result of its use in the magnesium production industry, and by electrical utilities and electronics manufacturers. Given the low amounts of SF released compared to carbon dioxide, its overall contribution to global warming is estimated to be less than 0.2 percent.


title: Sulfur hexafluoride

text: In Europe, falls under the F-Gas directive which ban or control its use in several ways. Since 1 January 2006, is banned as a tracer gas and in all applications except high-voltage switchgear.


title: Château

text: A (plural "") is a manor house or castle of the lord of the manor or a country house of nobility or gentry.


title: Château

text: The term comes from French-speaking regions and is used most often for buildings in these regions. Where clarification is needed, a fortified château (that is, a castle) is called a "château fort". But the word is not used in the same way as "castle" is in English, and most châteaux are more appropriately described as "palaces" or "country houses" in English than as "castles". For example, the Château de Versailles is so called because it was in the country when it was built, but it does not bear any resemblance to a castle, so it is usually known in English as the Palace of Versailles.The Château de Montsoreau is the first Renaissance château to have been built in France, in the world famous Loire Valley. The Château de Montsoreau is also the only one to have been built in the Loire riverbed.


title: Weekend

text: The weekend is a time when fewer people go to work or school. Traditional Christians believe that Sunday is a day of rest or Sabbath, and Jews believe the day of rest is the seventh day, Saturday, and start the week with Sunday. Friday is also considered the beginning of the weekend, and it is a day of rest for Muslims.


title: Jack Klugman

text: Jacob Joachim "Jack" Klugman (April 27, 1922 - December 24, 2012) was an American movie, stage and television actor. Klugman played Oscar Madison in the television series "The Odd Couple" from 1970 to 1975. He played the title character in the television series "Quincy, M.E." from 1976 to 1983.


title: Oral cancer

text: Oral cancer is cancer of any part of the mouth. It can start in the mouth, lips, or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth).


title: Jack Klugman

text: Klugman was born in Philadelphia to Russian Jewish immigrants. He went to Carnegie Mellon University. He started acting after discharge from the United States Army in 1945.


title: Oral cancer

text: A person can get oral cancer without having any other type of cancer. However, oral cancer can also happen because of "metastasis". This means that the person had cancer in some other part of their body, and it spread to the mouth. The person's cancer may be far away from the mouth, or it may be in a part of the body that neighbors the mouth. For example, if a person has cancer of the nasal cavity, the cancer can spread to the mouth.


title: Jack Klugman

text: Klugman was married to Brett Somers from 1953 until her death in 2007. They legally separated in 1974, but never divorced. Somers and Klugman had 2 children.


title: Oral cancer

text: There are a few different types of oral cancers. But about 90% (9 in every 10 cases) are a type called squamous cell carcinomas. Squamous cells make up the main part of the outer layer of the skin. These cells line the lips, mouth, and throat. A "carcinoma" is a type of cancer that can start in these cells in the skin.


title: Jack Klugman

text: Klugman started living with Peggy Crosby in 1988. They married in February 2008. He was the last surviving actor from the cast of jurors in the original 1957 movie "12 Angry Men".


title: Oral cancer

text: Squamous cell carcinomas most often start in the tongue. But they can also start in any other part of the mouth, including the floor of the mouth (under the tongue); the inside lining of the cheek; the gums; the lips; or the palate (the roof of the mouth).


title: Jack Klugman

text: Klugman was a heavy smoker. He was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1974. In 1989, he lost a vocal cord to cancer. He was left with a quiet, raspy voice. He continued to act on stage and television.


title: Jack Klugman

text: He won three Emmy Awards. Two for the television version of "The Odd Couple" and one for the "Blacklist" episode of "The Defenders". He also won a Golden Globe Award for "The Odd Couple".


title: Peugeot 107

text: The Peugeot 107 is a car made by the French company Peugeot in the Czech Republic since 2005. It has four seats and either two or four doors. The car is related to the Toyota Aygo and the Citroën C1. It was facelifted in early 2009 and again in early 2012. It was replaced in 2014 with the 108.


title: Axion

text: An axion is a elementary particle theorized in 1977 by the Peccei–Quinn theory. It was used to solve the strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). If these axions do exist in a specific mass range, they could be a possible part of cold dark matter. There is also evidence of solar axions (axions from the Sun). Also if these axions exist there is evidence that they can go faster than the speed of light.


title: Hindu philosophy

text: There are mainly six branches of Hindu Philosophy. These six schools of philosophy have been the result of ancient Indian thought and usually termed as "Sad Darsana". These are:


title: Hindu philosophy

text: Among the above six schools of Hindu Philosophy, Vedanta is by far very popular. The Vedanta accepts the authority of the knowledge portions of the Vedas, called Upanishads.


title: Grace Mugabe

text: Grace Ntombizodwa Mugabe (; born 23 July 1965) is an entrepreneur, politician and the wife of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe. She was the First Lady of Zimbabwe from 1996 until her husband's resignation in November 2017, a week after he was removed from power. Starting as a secretary to President Mugabe, she then became the head of the ZANU–PF Women's League and an important person in the Generation 40 faction (group). She was expelled from the party, together with other G40 members, during the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état.


title: Elisabeth Sladen

text: Elisabeth Claira Heath Sladen (1 February 1946 – 19 April 2011) was an English actress. Born on 1 February 1946 in Liverpool, Sladen attended the Elliott-Clarke Drama school. From 1973 to 1976, Sladen played Sarah Jane Smith on "Doctor Who". Sladen again played Sarah Jane on a spin-off CBBC show, "The Sarah Jane Adventures". She died in Southall, west London on 19 April 2011 from cancer.


title: E minor

text: E minor (Em, Mim) is a minor scale based on the note E. Its key signature has one sharp, F Its relative major is G major.


title: E minor

text: A lot of classical guitar music is in E minor, because this key is very suited for the instrument. When it is tuned normally, four of the instrument's six strings are part of the tonic chord. The key is also very popular in heavy metal music, because the lowest note on a guitar, E, can be used a lot.


title: Henagon

text: A henagon (or monogon) is a shape in geometry. It is like a polygon, except that it only has one side and one corner (vertex). Henagons are considered to be impossible to draw, using Euclidean geometry. This is because the single side would go to infinity.


title: Petroleum jelly

text: Petroleum jelly, is a common household product sold in chemists (pharmacies). It comes in small flat tins as in the illustration.


title: Henagon

text: Since it only has one side, there is only one angle. Therefore, all henagons are considered regular shapes.


title: Petroleum jelly

text: Chemically, it is a gel mixture of hydrocarbons. It is used as an ointment to put on skin. It has antiseptic and healing properties.


title: Petroleum jelly

text: In origin it is an American product got from oil (petroleum). Its properties were first discovered by native Americans in Pennsylvania 1415–1450. Later it was refined by chemist Robert Chesebrough, who patented it in 1872. He opened his first factory in 1870 in Brooklyn using the trade name Vaseline.


title: Francombat

text: Francombat is a French martial art similar to jiu-jitsu. It was created in the year 1988 by Alain Basset and Dominique Dumolin.


title: Algonquin Provincial Park

text: Algonquin Provincial Park is a provincial park in Canada. It is the oldest provincial park in the province of Ontario, opened in 1893. It is very large at 7,653 square kilometres (2,955 square miles), and is the third largest provincial park in Ontario after Polar Bear and Wabakimi. The park contains many streams, lakes, rivers, and other water sources. Its forests are a mix of deciduous and coniferous. The variety of environments in the park makes it home to many species of plants and animals, and it is an important park for wildlife research. It is a very popular park with campers because of its size and how close it is to large cities such as Toronto and Ottawa.


title: Francombat

text: Francombat is practiced especially in the south of France. There are schools of francombat in Paris, Bordeaux, Montpellier, and in other localities.


title: Algonquin Provincial Park

text: Algonquin Park started as a logging area, where people would come to cut down trees. A group of loggers wanted to make the area a park because of how beautiful it was and to protect the animals that lived there. In 1892 a request was made by five members of the government asking for a park to be opened on the land. The next year in 1893 the park was officially made. It was the first provincial park in Ontario, but when it was opened it was called a national park. It was changed to a provincial park in 1913.


title: Francombat

text: This martial art is based on the strategy and on the knowledge of the human body. During the trainings, the instructors are dressed in red clothes and the students are dressed in green ones. According to the persons that practice this discipline, the efficiency in combat depends on three factors: good physical form, good knowledge of the techniques and of the strategy, good control of stress.


title: Algonquin Provincial Park

text: In 1896 a railway was built on the park. In 1898 cottages, lodges and camps started being sold to tourists, and in 1908 the first hotel in the park was built. The hotel was very popular. After that hotel opened others started being built.


title: Algonquin Provincial Park

text: The park is a very popular place for outdoor activities all year. Many people camp in campgrounds on the park. Fishing, hiking, horse riding and canoeing are other popular things to do. In winter people skate on the lakes, and the park opens their own skating rink.


title: Algonquin Provincial Park

text: There is also a museum, called the Algonquin Logging Museum, on the park. This museum tells people about the history of the park as well as the logging that happens today. There is a book store, exhibits with information about the park and a remade version of a logging camp from the late 1800s.


title: Portuguese alphabet

text: The Portuguese alphabet is a Latin alphabet with 26 letters. Also, the language uses accent marks to show sound changes and stressed syllables. The accents used in Portuguese are the acute accent (Áá, Éé, Íí, Óó, Úú), the circumflex (Ââ, Êê, Ôô) and the tilde (Ãã, Õõ). Respectively (in order), the accents mark open, closed and nasal vowels. There are rules that tell when to put an accent in a word. Most of the time, accented syllables are the stressed ones, and some words even have more than one accent, like "órgão", meaning "organ".


title: Portuguese alphabet

text: Lastly, the language has a "ç" character (C with a cedilla, used for historical reasons. It has a /s/ sound like in the word "soap" and it never appears at the very start or at the very end of a word.


title: Payphone (song)

text: "Payphone" is a song performed by American pop rock band Maroon 5. It was released on April 17, 2012 under A&M/Octone Records in the United States. It was the lead single on the band's fourth studio album, "Overexposed", set to be released on June 26, 2012. The song was written by producer Benny Blanco, bandmates Adam Levine, James Valentine, and featured vocalist Wiz Khalifa. The song was recorded in southern Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.


title: Payphone (song)

text: The cover artwork or the track was leaked to the web over a newsletter on April 11, 2012 and featured similar varieties of colorful aspects from the band's upcoming fourth album's cover, which leaked a day prior on E! News.


title: Payphone (song)

text: The song debuted at number-three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles' chart and later peaked at number-two. It also topped the Billboard Digital Songs chart in late April.


title: Payphone (song)

text: A music video for the song has not been officially announced yet. However, featured rapper Wiz Khalifa said in a press conference that he would like the music video to be in a sutle setting where no people may be to relate to the lyrics of the song.


title: Central London

text: The inner London boroughs were defined by the London Government Act 1963, and the definition is used for purposes such as the local government finance system. They correspond to the former area of the County of London. These inner London boroughs are:


title: Dual monarchy

text: Dual monarchy is a union of two monarchies where the thrones of each monarchy are combined. A typical case is a personal union in which the crowns of the separate kingdoms are held by one person. The following are examples of dual monarchies, listed alphabetically with the dominant or co-dominant nation first:


title: Spaghetti squash

text: The spaghetti squash ("Cucurbita pepo") is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti.


title: TV Tropes

text: TV Tropes, also called Television Tropes and Idioms, is a wiki that collects tropes seen in movies, television shows, video games, books, and other media. It started in 2004. It originally covered only television and movie tropes, but has since added other media such as books, comics, video games, advertisements, and toys. Unlike other wikis such as Wikipedia, it covers tropes in a casual and funny way.


title: Gnat

text: "Gnat" is a loose descriptive category rather than a technical term. They can be both biting and non-biting. The biting ones are often called midges. Often they fly in large numbers, called clouds, in damp places like the Scottish Highlands.


title: Central London

text: The City of London was not part of the County of London and is not a London Borough but can be included. North Woolwich is an anomaly as it was part of the County of London but was transferred to Newham, an outer London borough, in 1965.


title: Spaghetti squash

text: It is a superfood that contains lots of nutrients, including folic acid, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C, It is low in calories, averaging at least 42 calories per 1-cup (155 grams) serving.


title: TV Tropes

text: TV Tropes started by focusing on the television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer". It has since added other television series, movies, books, plays, professional wrestling, video games, anime, manga, comic strips and books, fan fiction, and other subjects, including Internet works such as Wikipedia, which is called "The Other Wiki" on the website. It also describes topics such as science, philosophy, politics, and history under its Useful Notes section.


title: Gnat

text: One interesting group are the eye-gnats. the Smithsonian Institution describes them as “non-biting flies, no bigger than a few grains of salt, ... attracted to fluids secreted by your eyes”.


title: TV Tropes

text: The site has pages on series and tropes. A page on a work has a summary of what the work is about, as well as the tropes that are seen in the work. Trope pages are the opposite of articles on works: after describing the trope, it lists the trope's appearances in different media. For example, the page for the antihero trope has a list of works that have different types of antiheroes.


title: TV Tropes

text: Trope pages are usually created through a system called "You know that thing where ... ", YKTTW, where other users, who are called "tropers", can give examples or suggest ideas to make the page better. While a trope page does not have to go through YKTTW before it is created, it is suggested that a page goes through the system first so that the page can be made better before it is created.


title: Earthship

text: An Earthship is a type of house that is built with natural and recycled materials with energy conservation in mind. Designed by the architect Michael Reynolds and his company "Earthship Biotecture", it is built to produce water and electricity for its own use. Mainly made of earth-filled tires it takes advantage of thermal mass, natural heat insulation and ventilation to maintain its temperature. Since it does not require any public utilities such as gas, electricity, water or sewage it can be considered as an off-the-grid housing, meaning that it can live away from public utilities.


title: Ed McMahon

text: Edward Leo Peter "Ed" McMahon, Jr. (March 6, 1923 – June 23, 2009) was an American television presenter and personality, actor, comedian, spokesman, and philanthropist. He was the announcer and co-host of "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" with host Johnny Carson. Ed McMahon has also been on "Star Search". He was best known for being on television.


title: Shylock

text: Shylock is a key character and the antagonist in Shakespeare's 1596 or 1597 play "The Merchant of Venice". He is a Jewish moneylender.


title: Earthship

text: An Earthship does not require external support to sustain itself. Instead, it is built to use resources available from its natural surroundings. For example, windows are placed so that sunlight is shone inside the house to be used for heating. Electricity is generated by solar panels and stored in batteries. The roofing collects rainwater that is filtered and used for drinking and various household activities such as cooking and washing. Used water from sinks and showers is reused to water indoor plants and after that for toilet flushing.


title: Ed McMahon

text: McMahon was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was raised in Lowell, Massachusetts and in Mexico, Maine. McMahon studied at Boston College and at The Catholic University of America. His career began in 1957 while broadcasting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: Shylock

text: Shylock agrees to a bond with Antonio, the merchant of Venice. This bond requires Antonio to give a pound of his flesh next his heart should the money not be repaid on a certain date. When Antonio fails, Shylock goes to court to get the pound of flesh. Antonio had previously insulted and spat on him in the Rialto (the commercial centre of Venice). This helps to explain why Shylock demanded his "pound of flesh".


title: Earthship

text: Earthships can adapt to different climates and are being build worldwide. In North- and South America, the Carribeans, Asia, Africa and Europe. Construction drawings and training should enable people to build their own off-the-grid Earthship home and become independent from public and commercial utilities.


title: Ed McMahon

text: McMahon was married to Alyce Ferrill from 1945 until they divorced in 1974. Later, he married Victoria Valentine from 1976 until they divorced in 1989. Lastly, he married Pam Hurn from 1992 until his death in 2009.


title: Shylock

text: Meanwhile, Shylock's daughter Jessica falls in love with Antonio's friend Lorenzo and converts to Christianity. This adds to Shylock's rage.


title: Ed McMahon

text: McMahon died at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from pneumonia, aged, 86.


title: Shylock

text: Shylock fails in court, and Antonio is released. Shylock is charged with attempted murder. Shylock is then forced to give half of his properties to the country and the other half to Antonio and to convert to Christianity.


title: Shylock

text: Shylock has a famous speech beginning "Hath not a Jew eyes?" Famous actors who have played Shylock include Laurence Olivier.


title: Shylock

text: In Shakespeare's time, no Jews had been "legally" present in England for several hundred years (since Edward I's Edict of Expulsion in 1290). But the idea of Jews as money lenders remained from the Middle Ages. Historically, money lending had been a fairly common occupation among Jews, perhaps because Christians were not allowed to practise usury.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: "I Could Fall in Love" is a song by American Tejano singer Selena. It was written and produced by Keith Thomas. It was for Selena's fifth album "Dreaming of You" (1995). The song's lyrics are about a woman who loves a guy. She is scared of rejection so she decides not to tell him and keeps it to herself.


title: J. D. Vance

text: James David Vance (born James Donald Bowman; August 2, 1984) is an American Republican politician, conservative commentator, businessman, and author. Vance is the United States Senator-elect from Ohio. He is best known for his memoir "Hillbilly Elegy", which became popular during the 2016 election.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: It was released in the United States on June 26, 1995 as a promotional recording and not as a CD single. Because of this, it was not eligible for the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The song was released three months after Selena was killed by her friend and ex-employer of her clothing stores, Yolanda Saldivar. "I Could Fall in Love" reached number eight on the US Hot 100 Airplay chart. It reached number one in Canada and the US Latin Pop Airplay chart. "I Could Fall in Love" had also reached many other positions on other charts.


title: J. D. Vance

text: In July 2021, Vance announced his candidacy for the United States Senate in the 2022 election to replace retiring U.S. Senator Rob Portman. In April 2022, former President Donald Trump announced his support for Vance. He won the Republican nomination in May 2022. In November 2022, he was elected U.S. Senator after beating U.S. Representative Tim Ryan in the general election.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: Helped by heavy rotation, "I Could Fall in Love" became Selena's most famous songs. It also helped her gain English speaking fans. Many "American Idol" contestants have covered the song. Puerto Rican singer and actress, Jennifer Lopez have covered the song as a tribute to Selena during one of her concerts. Cuban singer, Gloria Estefan have covered the song during the "Selena ¡VIVE!" concert held on April 9, 2005.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: Selena, and her brother A.B. Quintanilla III, went to Nashville, Tennessee to see Keith Thomas. Thomas is a music producer and a songwriter who has worked with Amy Grant before. Thomas had introduced himself to both Selena and A.B. He explained to them that he did not add any vocals to the song called "I Could Fall in Love". The vocals in a song help singers learn the lyrics quicker. Thomas began singing the introduction of "I Could Fall in Love". At that moment, Selena and A.B. had wanted the song to be included in Selena's crossover album. Thomas had given Selena the lyrics so she can memorize it for her recording session. In December 1994, Selena went back to Nashville by herself on a plane. She recorded "I Could Fall in Love" that day. Thomas later told "Biography", that "all eyes were on her". He also said that Selena had no "ego" problems and was "down to-Earth" (a person who keeps a positive attitude and always acts nice to everyone).


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: "I Could Fall in Love" is a contemporary R&B, soul and a power ballad. The song is about a women who loves a guy. She is scared to be rejected by him. Because of this, she decides not to tell him. It is composed in C minor with 157 beats per minute. The electronic keyboards, Spanish guitar, and the drums is the song's background music. Selena uses the soprano voice. She has a light-deep voice and uses her emotional voice when she sings the title of the song. Trey Lorenz is the backing vocalist. After Selena sings the chorus, she sings in Spanish during the down-tempo part of the song. She goes back to singing in English. At the end of the song, she uses the melisma technique and hits a high F note.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: "I Could Fall in Love" was released as a promotional recording on June 26, 1995 and to radio stations on June 15. It soon became a hit single across the United States. "I Could Fall in Love" had dominated the Top 40 radio stations. It also had heavy rotation in Southern United States. "I Could Fall in Love" became the most played song in Kansas City, Miami, and Boston, while it was the second-most played song in Los Angeles. It was played on radio stations in Tucson, Arizona every 2½ hours.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: In 1996, "I Could Fall in Love" won the Tejano Crossover Song of the Year at the 16th Tejano Music Awards. In 1997, Thomas won the "Among Most Played Song" award at the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers for "I Could Fall in Love". Selena's three top-five singles, including "I Could Fall in Love", made her runner-up to Shania Twain on UU-BRU Radio Playlists "Top Female Act of the Year" in 1995. The songs "Dreaming of You" and "I Could Fall in Love" were EMI Records' top selling digital downloads from April 1, 2004 to March 31, 2005.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: "I Could Fall in Love" was given positive reviews from music critics. Mario Tarrradell of "The Dallas Morning News" wrote that "I Could Fall in Love" reminded him of songs recorded by TLC and Brandy Norwood. A "San Jose Mercury News" writer believed "I Could Fall in Love" and "Dreaming of You" helped Selena to become the new "Gloria Estefan". Richard Torres of "Newsday" believed "I Could Fall in Love" and "Dreaming of You" became romantic anthems. According to James Hunter of "Vibe" magazine, "I Could Fall in Love" is a "masterpiece". On March 31, 2010, Teresa Jusino of Popmatters wrote that English-speaking music fans no longer knows Selena's name. She also said that if you played "Dreaming of You" or "I Could Fall in Love", they will most likely say "I remember that song!" or "I love that one!". "I Could Fall in Love" became a popular wedding song after its release. It also became one of Selena's most famous songs. It helped her gain English language speaking fans.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: The music video for "I Could Fall in Love" was released in August 1995. It features pictures and videos of Selena. The music video reached number 11 on the "Billboard" Video Monitor VH1 Top Music Videos list. It also reached number six on The BOX Video List, number 10 on the MOR Music list, and number 3 on the California Music Channel (CMC).


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: In 2001, Jennifer Lopez covered the song during her Lets Get Loud Tour in Puerto Rico. During the "Selena ¡VIVE!" (2005) concert, Cuban singer Gloria Estefan covered the song. Puerto Rican singer Ana recorded the song on her album "Amor Latino". "American Idol" contestants have covered the song. They include, Lisa Leuschner (season 3) and Karen Rodriguez (season 10). Korean singer Im Tae Kyung have recorded the song on his album "Sentimental Journey". Reggae singer Fiona had also recorded the song on her album "Best of Sweet Love". American R&B singer Ali-Ollie Woodson recorded the song on his album "Love At the Same Time". Filipino singer Ivy Violan recorded the song for her album "Ivy Silver Series". American singer Blake Cardenas recorded the song on his debut album "Born Ready".


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: American singer and actress Keke Palmer had done an acoustic version of the song on her YouTube account. Snooki, from the American reality television series "Jersey Shore", lip sync the song on her YouTube account.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: "I Could Fall in Love" reached number eight on the US Hot 100 Airplay. It also reached to number two for five weeks on the Hot Latin Tracks. "I Could Fall in Love" became the highest ranking English language song on the Hot Latin Tracks for two years. The song "My Heart Will Go On" by Celine Dion surpassed it in 1998 when it peaked at number one. It reached number four on the Latin Tropical/Salsa Airplay and number five on both the Latin Regional Mexican Airplay. The song reached number one on the Latin Pop Airplay chart. "I Could Fall in Love" reached number 17 on the Adult Top 40 chart. The song peaked at number three on the Hot 100 Recurrent Airplay chart. It also peaked at number six on the Hot Adult Contemporary Recurrent chart. On the Rhythmic Top 40, it reached number six and on number 15 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart.


title: I Could Fall in Love

text: In New Zealand, "I Could Fall in Love" debuted at number 36 on the New Zealand Top 40 chart. On the fifth week while being on the chart, "I Could Fall in Love" reached number ten. Selena became the first and only Tejano singer to have one of her songs be played in that country. In Canada, "I Could Fall in Love" debuted at number 55 on the Adult Contemporary chart. It reached number one on November 6, 1995. The song debuted at number 94 on the Top Singles chart. On the eleventh week while being on the chart, it reached number ten. It remained there for two weeks at number ten. "I Could Fall in Love" peaked at number 37 on the Tokyo Hot 100.


title: Bold (type)

text: In formatting, bold type is a little bit darker and bigger than normal type. It is used to emphasize a few words as a bolded text can attract attention from the reader.


title: Social cognitive theory

text: Social cognitive theory (SCT) says that a part of a person's knowledge acquisition comes from observing others. This is done through actions with other people, experiences, and the effects of the media. The threory is used in psychology, education and communication. It was advanced by Albert Bandura. The theory is a part of his social learning theory. The theory say that when people see someone doing something and the consequences of that action, they remember what happened and use this information to guide their own actions. Watching a person do something can also cause the viewer to act in a way they have already learned. In other words, people do not learn new behaviors only by trying them and either succeeding or failing. The survival of humanity sometimes depends on taking the actions other people took. When people are rewarded or punished for their behavior, the outcome of the behavior helps people choose to do the same thing or not. Media is a source of many things for people to watch and see these actions take place.


title: Social cognitive theory

text: The basis for social cognitive theory come from Edwin B. Holt and Harold Chapman Brown's 1931 book. It says that all animal action is based on needs of "feeling, emotion, and desire". The most notable part of this theory is that it saya a person cannot learn to imitate until they are imitated.


title: Social cognitive theory

text: In 1941, a book by Neal E. Miller and John Dollard had a new version of Holt's theory. They said four things affect learning: drives, cues, responses, and rewards. One driver is social motivation, It includes imitativeness, the process of matching an action to a cue of where and when to perform the action. If a behavior is imitated depends on if the person doing it gets a positive or negative response. Miller and Dollard said that if a person were motivated to learn a particular behavior, then that behavior would be learned through watching. By imitating these actions a person would learned the action and would be rewarded with positive reinforcement.


title: Social cognitive theory

text: SCT has been used to many areas of human life. These include career choice, learning and achievement.


title: Personal grooming

text: Personal grooming, also called titivating and preening, is the art of cleaning and grooming parts of the body.


title: Personal grooming

text: Grooming in humans is usually done in the bathroom, for the hair. Things such as washing and cleaning the hair, combing it and taking out the tangles, and styling. It can also include shaving, done by a man to cut his beard short. However, sometimes the beard can be groomed as well, and washed and grown.


title: Personal grooming

text: Animals usually clean their fur, feathers or other skin coverings. This is also a form of hygiene. Taking out other objects such as insects, leaves, dirt or twigs, are all forms of grooming. Among animals, birds spend a lot of time preening their feathers. They do this to remove ectoparasites, keep them in good condition, and waterproof them. Felidae cats are well known for their grooming, which they usually do by licking themselves. One of the reasons this is done is to remove all the scent on them so that they will not attract any predators. Cats groom so much that they often produce hairballs from the fur they accidentally swallow.


title: Eora

text: The Eora people are a group of Aboriginal Australians. They were skilled hunter–fisher–gatherers. They lived in family groups (clans) along the coastal area of what is now known as the Sydney basin, in New South Wales, Australia. Their traditional territory spreads from Botany Bay north to Pittwater at the mouth of the Hawkesbury River.


title: Eora

text: Rock engravings, shell mounds and other evidence found by archaeologists suggests that Eora people may have lived in Australia for over 50 000 years.


title: Eora

text: Many of the Eora people died during the 1800s as a result of smallpox and other diseases. There are still people who identify as the descendants of the Eora and are living in Sydney today.


title: Eora

text: The Eora people are made up of many clans (groups) including the Cadigal, the Wanegal, and the Cammeraygal.


title: Eora

text: They spoke languages now known as Dharug, Dharawal and Kurringgai. Several Eora words have found their way into Australian English, for example dingo, gibba and woomera.


title: Eora

text: The traditional Eora people lived along the coast of the Sydney region, surrounded by beaches, rivers, mountains and forests. Like most indigenous people, they were hunter-gatherers. They did not have a specific piece of land which they owned, but they moved and lived from place to place.


title: Eora

text: They mainly fed on fresh produce from the sea including fish, turtles and other seafood. There were also many animals they hunted for food, especially ducks, cockatoos and pigeons. They were experts in close-to-shore navigation, fishing and making fire. They travelled along the coast and fished in bark canoes. The Eora people did not grow or plant crops - they ate the berries, seeds and fruit that the land provided. They never took more than what was needed from the land, and managed the land so they wouldn't waste its resources. The women picked herbs which were used in herbal remedies.


title: Eora

text: The Eora people camped nearby the water and slept in caves when it rained. They kept close to rivers and waterways because it was their main source of food. When it got cold, blankets of animal fur were used for warmth. They also kept warm by keeping small fires going.


title: Eora

text: The Eora were very spiritual people. They believed that inside everything was a living spirit. They also believed that if land was taken away from them that all the spirits in that land would also die. Celebrations, rituals and ceremonies were an important part of life for the Eora peoples. Some initiation ceremonies were secret and only attended by males. As part of the boys’ initiation, knowledge and beliefs were passed on for their role as an adult. Boys went through a tooth ceremony in which their front tooth was knocked out. The missing tooth was a sign to others that the boy had been initiated. Girls learned cooking and knowledge of medicinal plants and roots, and how to track small animals.


title: Eora

text: The Eora peoples are the traditional owners of the land that is now inner Sydney. They were present during the arrival of the First Fleet.


title: Eora

text: When the First Fleet arrived in January, 1788 transporting thousands of prisoners, the Eora peoples thought the ships had come to stop for supplies and water. Some of the Eora believed the ships were in fact spirits. They soon realised that the British had come to stay.


title: Eora

text: Governor Phillip wanted to establish friendly relationships with the Eora peoples and commanded the convicts and marines to treat them well. It wasn’t long before clashes broke out between the two groups. Both the Eora and the European settlers were responsible for attacks. People on both sides were killed.


title: Eora

text: Fighting with European settlers, the introduction of new diseases like smallpox, and the destruction of their natural food sources saw about 90 per cent of the Eora people die out between 1788 and 1900.


title: Eora

text: Many Eora peoples moved away from the Sydney region to escape from European settlers and the diseases that were spreading in the area such as smallpox. Some who stayed adopted European customs like wearing clothes, smoking pipes of tobacco and drinking alcohol. They gave up their traditional ways of life and depended on settlers to give them food.


title: Eora

text: Bennelong, a Wangal of the Eora peoples, served as a link between the British colony at Sydney and the Eora people in the early days of the colony. He was given a brick hut on what became known as Bennelong Point where the Sydney Opera House now stands. He traveled to England in 1792 along with Yemmerrawanne and returned to Sydney in 1795. His wife, Barangaroo, was an important Cammeraygal woman from Sydney's early history who was a powerful and colourful figure in the colonisation of Australia. She is commemorated in the naming of the suburb of Barangaroo, in east Darling Harbour.


title: Gary Lewis (musician)

text: Gary Lewis (born Gary Harold Lee Levitch on July 31, 1945 in Newark, New Jersey) is an American musician. He is the son of actor/director and comedian Jerry Lewis. He was the leader of a band called Gary Lewis & the Playboys.


title: Gary Lewis (musician)

text: Lewis and his band had several hit records during the 1960s, including "This Diamond Ring", "She's Just My Style", "Save Your Heart For Me", "Count Me In", and "Everybody Loves A Clown". Lewis played drums onstage, but Jim Keltner often played drums on the Playboys recordings. Most of their records were produced by Snuff Garrett. Lewis was also the band's lead singer.


title: Gary Lewis (musician)

text: Lewis included a tribute to his father in the song "Time Stands Still", imitating Jerry Lewis's familiar comic voice on the record, and he and the Playboys performed the theme song to his 1966 comedy film "Way... Way Out".


title: Gary Lewis (musician)

text: When Lewis was drafted into the United States Army in 1967, the Playboys disbanded. After he served in the Army, Lewis had no more hit records, but continued to perform at oldies concerts and charity shows, including some of the Muscular Dystrophy Association's annual telethons, hosted by Jerry Lewis.


title: Break My Soul

text: "Break My Soul" (written in all capital letters) is a 2022 song by American singer Beyoncé.  The song was released June 20, 2022. It is the lead single from her seventh studio album, "Renaissance" (2022). The song samples the 1992 house song "Show Me Love" by Robin S, which was written by Allen George, G Syier Hawkins Brown and Fred McFarlane, with background vocals from New Orleans bounce rapper Big Freedia and a sample of Freedia's song "Explode". "Break My Soul" was co-produced by Beyoncé, The-Dream, and Tricky Stewart.


title: Break My Soul

text: Julianne Escobedo Shepherd of "Pitchfork" said the song shows "Beyoncé as an SSRI [antidepressant]" and that Beyoncé is "acknowledging the predicament in which many of her non-zillionaire listeners find themselves."


title: Break My Soul

text: On August 8, 2022, "Billboard" announced that "Break My Soul" was at the top of the Hot 100 for the week ending August 13. It is Beyoncé's eighth US solo chart-topper (twelfth when counted as a member of Destiny's Child). The song spent two weeks at number one.


title: Break My Soul

text: A remix with Madonna, taking samples from Madonna's "Vogue" (1990), was released August 6, 2022, and titled the "Queens Remix". In the bridge of the Queens Remix, Beyoncé name-drops Black female entertainers such as Jill Scott, Lizzo, Rihanna, Whitney Houston, Grace Jones, and Nicki Minaj.


title: Heidi Cruz

text: Heidi Suzanne Cruz (née Nelson;born on August 7, 1972) is an American investment manager at Goldman Sachs. She is the spouse of Republican Texas senator and 2016 U.S. presidential candidate Ted Cruz.


title: Heidi Cruz

text: Heidi Suzanne Cruz was born on August 7, 1972 in San Luis Obispo, California, and grew up in a Seventh-day Adventist family. Cruz's political interest developed when she traveled to Washington with her parents at age 8, and grew when she was age 12 and read an issue of Time magazine concerning the 1984 presidential election.


title: Heidi Cruz

text: She graduated with a B.A. in Economics and International Relations from Claremont McKenna College in 1994. She was active in Claremont McKenna's Republican group, but was asked to resign after spying on Bill Clinton's campaign for reelection. In 1995, she received a Masters of European Business from Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management in Brussels, Belgium and in 2000, she graduated with a M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.


title: Heidi Cruz

text: Heidi married Ted Cruz on May 27, 2001. Heidi met Ted Cruz while the two were working together on George W. Bush's 2000 presidential campaign. In April 2008, Cruz gave birth to her first child, Caroline Camille Cruz. Her second daughter, Catherine Christiane Cruz, was born in 2011.


title: Heidi Cruz

text: In 2003, she worked for the Bush administration on economic policy, eventually becoming the director for the Western Hemisphere on the National Security Council under National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice in 2003. She left Washington DC in 2004 to support Ted Cruz's run for elective office in Texas.


title: Heidi Cruz

text: In 2005, she joined Goldman Sachs, serving as a private wealth manager and is currently the Region Head for the Southwest Region in the Investment Management Division of Goldman Sachs in Houston.


title: Heidi Cruz

text: Ted Cruz said that the decision for him to run for president was difficult for his wife, because she was busy with her business career and raising their 2 children. She changed her mind after listening to a CD from her sister-in-law.


title: Heidi Cruz

text: Cruz was there the day her husband announced his run for president in March 2015. When Ted Cruz was criticized for not being born in the United States and running for president, Heidi defended Cruz by saying that the questioning showed that Ted Cruz was winning and his opponents wanted to defame him as a result.


title: West Gate Bridge

text: The West Gate Bridge is a bridge across the Yarra River, near Melbourne, Victoria in Australia. It is the third longest bridge in Australia. The bridge's length, including the approaches is . Work began on the bridge on 22 April 1968. It was opened on 15 November 1978 at a cost of AU$202 million. It was the scene of Australia's worst industrial accident when part of the bridge collapsed in October 1970. The accident killed 35 men and injured 18 others.


title: West Gate Bridge

text: The bridge is a box girder and cable-stayed bridge. The bridge deck is above the water level to allow ships to pass underneath. The supporting pylons are high, and help support a span of . The bridge is wide. It carries eight lanes of traffic. About 160,000 vehicles travel over the bridge each day.


title: West Gate Bridge

text: Problems were first noticed on the West Gate Bridge in May 1970 when several steel girders did not fit into position by about . Engineers proposed putting ten concrete blocks, each weighing about 8 tons, onto the girders to bend them into the correct position. In September 1970 it was noticed that this had caused part of the girder to buckle. On 15 October, the engineers began removing the bolts holding the buckled girders in place. This would allow the steel to unbuckle and new steel could be put up to support the damaged section. At 11:50 am the damaged section collapsed. Workers both on and under the bridge were killed when the 2,000 ton section fell to the ground. In the end, 35 men were killed and 18 were injured.


title: Bullseye (sports)

text: A bullseye is the centre of a target in certain sports. It is also the name given to any shot that hits the bullseye. Sports that use targets with bullseyes include archery and shooting.


title: Toy poodle

text: Toy poodles are smaller versions of poodles, so they are smaller than the average dog. Toy poodles are a dog breed.


title: Toy poodle

text: Their coat is dense and curly, and can come in Apricot, Black, Brown, Cream, and Red. Toy Poodles tend to have dark, oval eyes with ears close by. They have long, straight muzzles.


title: Toy poodle

text: Toy poodles are a fun pet, but they also like to perform to do tricks and fashion. Toy poodles have a hard time swimming, but they love the water and swimming is a good exercise for them.


title: Toy poodle

text: Toy poodles require lots of grooming. Poodle fur must be brushed and washed with shampoo. Some owners blow dry their poodles. Toy poodles eat 1/3-1/2 cups of food a day depending upon their weight.


title: Toy poodle

text: Toy poodles go a long way back. They were first bred in the 20th century. Then there was the Poodle Club of America. They were originally bred to be pets, but now they are used for more things like hunting and performing.


title: Mechanistic paradigm

text: The mechanistic paradigm, also known as the Newtonian paradigm, assumes that things in the environment around humans are more like machines than like life. It was more common in the 19th century. This is a set of loosely related beliefs that affects all sciences:


title: The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask

text: After "", Link is led to Termina by the possessed Skull Kid and is turned into a Deku, a small, wooden creature. He meets the Happy Mask Salesman, a very moody man. He offers to fix Link if he gets the mask Skull Kid got with a time of three days. However, three days passed, and the Skull Kid, possessed with Majora's Mask (what the Happy Mask Salesman needed) brings the moon down to destroy Termina. Link stops him, gets his ocarina back, and returns back three days ago. He returns to the Salesman who believes Link has the mask. He reheals him before he sees Link never got the mask. Link now has to stop the moon that will destroy everything, which is being done by Majora's Mask, the mask held by Skull Kid. To stop it, he needs to summon the Four Giants. He fights the possessed spirits, and the Giants hold the moon. However, Majora's Mask leaves Skull Kid and goes to the Moon, After helping people, Link finally goes to the moon. It is actually a plain with a tree. Under the tree, a kid agrees to play with him as the final battle takes hold. Link finally defeats the evil in Majora's Mask and it is now a lifeless mask. He returns it to the Salesman. After this, Link leaves Termina as the game ends.


title: Musée d'Orsay

text: The Musée d'Orsay is an art museum in Paris. The building was built in 1900, and first used as a railway station. In 1986, it became the museum, and it is still very famous today.


title: Mechanistic paradigm

text: Believers in this paradigm sometimes say that those who do not believe in it are following a cognitive paradigm - but almost no one uses this term, since it is redundant - cognitive science is already accepted as the most basic idea in the philosophy of science. But mechanists reject some of the ideas of cognitive scientists, like cognitive science of mathematics.


title: Musée d'Orsay

text: The museum exhibits artworks of the 19th century including Impressionist paintings. The Impressionist paintings include works by Monet, Degas, Renoir, Cézanne, Manet, and Van Gogh. That's why the Orsay is called the 'Impressionism museum'.


title: Mechanistic paradigm

text: Mechanistic thinking also assumes that philosophy of perception is much less important than cognitive scientists say it is - that humans and their beliefs and equipment do not generally add a lot of bias to a scientific theory. Thomas Kuhn said otherwise, that these things matter, and that the major assumptions of science, can shift drastically. This he called a paradigm shift. The shift from mechanistic to cognitive paradigm is an example of this.


title: Musée d'Orsay

text: The museum holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, and photography. Its extensive collection of impressionist and post-impressionist masterpieces is the largest in the world. It features work by such painters such as Monet, Manet, Degas, Renoir, Cézanne, Seurat, Sisley, Gauguin, Van Gogh and many others.


title: Mechanistic paradigm

text: Later he used other words to describe the assumptions and beliefs, like mind-set, but the word "paradigm" is still used. Some say it is much over-used.


title: Mechanistic paradigm

text: Economics is often said to "suffer from" assumptions of the mechanistic paradigm. Sometimes those who believe in neoclassical economics and also in the mechanistic paradigm say they "seek to unify physics and economics," as if people and particles behaved as two examples of the same kind of thing.


title: Mechanistic paradigm

text: Technology is often easier to make if people accept a mechanistic paradigm - but it may be harder to say why it does not work, if one believes in these ideas. For instance, creating diagnostic trees might be easier if one works from experience, not from an idea of how a technology should or must work.


title: Mechanistic paradigm

text: A controversial idea is that mechanistic ideas are just an older idea called scholasticism, with more mathematics. Both tried to work from what should or must be, instead of what experiment seemed to show.


title: Mechanistic paradigm

text: Another controversial idea is that scientism, belief in science as if it were a religion or ethical tradition, comes from this paradigm. Most scientists who are mechanistic do not say they see science as a guide to ethics, but try to keep them separate.


title: Espírito Santo

text: Espírito Santo is one of the states of southeastern Brazil. It is often referred to as "ES". The capital of ES is Vitória and its largest city is Vila Velha. Those who are born in the state are known as "Capixabas", but the more correct word is "Espiritossantenses". The name means "holy spirit" after the Holy Ghost of Christianity.


title: Espírito Santo

text: This Brazilian state is in the southeastern subdivision of Brazil, which also contains the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (east), the state of Bahia (north), the state of Minas Gerais (north and west), and the state of Rio de Janeiro (south). Espírito Santo's other main cities are Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Colatina, Linhares, São Mateus and Aracruz.


title: Espírito Santo

text: At , it is about the size of Estonia. The state has many different types of habitats, for example coastal planes, lakes, mountain forest and mangroves.


title: Espírito Santo

text: The islands of Trindade and Martim Vaz, east of Vitória in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, are also a part of Espirito Santo state.


title: Valkyrie

text: The Valkyries (Old Norse: "Valkyrjur," singular "valkyrja" - “choosers of the slain”) are female figures in Norse mythology; they are a group of female warriors of Odin who do not get married.


title: Valkyrie

text: Alternatively the Valkyries are servants to Freya. She negotiated with One Eye that her shield maidens would sort the honourable dead on the battlefield. Freya had first choice of half the slain to come to Sessrumnir, the other half were to be delivered to One Eye at Valhall.


title: Valkyrie

text: Freya had fierce and respected warriors, they are responsible for choosing who live and die in battle, singling out those worthy of paradise. In the aftermath of battle, the Valkyries carry those whom they have chosen off to Valhalla, an enormous and majestic hall that lies in Asgard. Once there, these eïnherjar, as they are now called, are shared between Odin and Freyja, with half of them going to Valhalla and the other to Fólkvangr, Freyja's realm. In Valhalla, the eïnherjar feast and make revelry, as they are served and cared for by the Valkyries themselves.


title: Valkyrie

text: The old Norse people thought that Valkyries rode giant wolves, and that they had black wings which correspond to ravens; these two creatures both scavenge corpses on the battlefield symbolizing death and destruction. With the spread of Christianity the idea of what a Valkyrie was like changed more and more to a Romantic description of a beautiful woman.


title: Valkyrie

text: Richard Wagner composed some operas featuring Valkyries (German: "Walküren", singular: "Walküre"). These operas are "Die Walküre", "Siegfried", and "Götterdämmerung". They feature a story of a Valkyrie Brünnhilde, her punishment for disobeying her father, and her falling in love with Siegfried. The music for the opening of Act Three of "Die Walküre" is very famous. It is called the "Ride of the Valkyries".


title: Jagiellon dynasty

text: The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty that came from Lithuania and reigned in some Central European countries (present day Lithuania, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Kaliningrad, parts of Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia) between the 14th and 16th century.


title: Jagiellon dynasty

text: Members of the dynasty were grand dukes of Lithuania 1377–1392 and 1440–1572, kings of Poland 1386–1572, kings of Hungary 1440–1444 and 1490–1526, and kings of Bohemia 1471–1526. The family was a branch of the Lithuanian Gediminaičių dynasty.


title: Jagiellon dynasty

text: The name (other variations used in English include: Jagiellonians, Jagiellos, Jogailos, Jagiellas) comes from Jogaila ("pol.:" Jagiełło), the first Polish king of that dynasty.


title: Lebanese Civil War

text: The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) was a conflict that was significantly worsened by Lebanon's changing demographics. There was a conflict between Sunnis and Shias, between Christians and Muslims, and the involvement of Syria, Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) exacerbated existing issues. After a short break in the fighting in 1976 due to Arab League mediation and Syrian intervention, civil strife continued, with fighting primarily focused in south Lebanon, occupied first by the PLO, then occupied by Israel. On May 17, 1983, a US-backed agreement was reached for making peace between Lebanon and Israel. The agreement failed when Syria refused to withdraw its forces.


title: Checking account

text: A checking account is a deposit account held at a financial institution that allows withdrawals and deposits. Also called demand accounts or transactional accounts, checking accounts are very liquid and can be accessed using checks, automated teller machines and electronic debits, among other methods.


title: Jack McBrayer

text: Jack McBrayer (born May 27, 1973) is an American comedic actor. He became famous after appearing many times on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien". He won some Emmy Awards. He currently stars as the title character, Wander, in the Disney Channel original series Wander Over Yonder.


title: Jack McBrayer

text: McBrayer was born in Macon, Georgia, and moved to Conyers, Georgia when he was 15. He studied theater administration at the University of Evansville, worked at The Second City and IO Theater (1995–2002), an experience that introduced him to "30 Rock" creator Tina Fey and prepared him "100%" for his role on her show.


title: CenturyLink

text: CenturyLink is an American company from Monroe, Louisiana. It provides internet, cable television and telephone service to many areas of the United States.


title: CenturyLink

text: The original names for the company were the Oak Ridge Telephone Company, Central Telephone and Century Telephone.


title: CenturyLink

text: CenturyLink completed a merger with Qwest on Friday, April 1, 2011. CenturyLink was the surviving company.


title: Border Gateway Protocol

text: The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the main routing protocol of the Internet. It decides how data gets from one place to another on the Internet. It was made to get rid of the EGP routing protocol to make the Internet more independent.


title: Border Gateway Protocol

text: Most Internet users don't use BGP. It is the ISPs who use it to talk to other ISPs so they can send and get data from each other. It is one of the most important protocols of the Internet.


title: Gene Snitsky

text: Eugene Alan "Gene" Snisky (born January 14, 1970 in Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania) better known by his ring name Snitsky, is an American actor and retired professional wrestler, best known for the four years he spent with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).


title: Gene Snitsky

text: Snitsky was released from his WWE contract on December 11, 2008. Snitsky announced his retirement from wrestling on June 22, 2018.


title: Roman province

text: In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin, "provincia", pl. "provinciae") was the basic and, until around 300, largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the peninsula of Italy. The word "province" in modern English came from the term used by the Romans.


title: Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

text: Henri (, ; born 16 April 1955) is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 7 October 2000. He is the eldest son of Grand Duke Jean and Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium.


title: Sex and the City 2

text: Sex and the City 2 is an American romantic comedy movie released in 2010. It is the sequel to "Sex and the City". It is set in New York City and the United Arab Emirates. It stars Sarah Jessica Parker, Cynthia Nixon, Kim Cattrall and Kristin Davis with cameo appearances by Miley Cyrus, Liza Minnelli and Penélope Cruz. The movie received negative reviews by movie critics, but grossed over $288 million at the box office and became the highest grossing romantic comedy of 2010.


title: The Doon School

text: The Doon School (informally "Doon School" or "Doon") is a boys-only private boarding school in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The school was founded by Satish Ranjan Das, a Calcutta lawyer. Doon's first headmaster was Arthur E. Foot, a former science master at Eton College. The present headmaster is Peter McLaughlin, who has occupied the post since 2009 and is the ninth headmaster of the school.


title: The Doon School

text: The school houses roughly 500 pupils aged 13 to 18. Every year in January and April, the school admits pupils aged 13 in Grade 7 (known as D-form) and aged 14 in Grade 8 (C-form) respectively. Doon pupils take the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education in tenth grade and are thereafter offered two strands for the final two years: International Baccalaureate (IB) or Indian School Certificate (ISC). The school began offering the IB curriculum only in 2006, before which all pupils had to sit the ISC examinations in twelfth grade.


title: The Doon School

text: Doon has consistently been ranked among the best residential schools of India by media such as "The Times of India" and "Outlook". Doon remains a boys-only school despite continued pressure from political leaders, including President Pratibha Patil, to become coeducational. Former students of the school are commonly known as "Doscos". Although the total number of Doscos is relatively small (estimated at 5,000 since the school's founding), they include some of India's most prominent politicians, government officials and business leaders. The best known alumnus is former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.


title: Chris Moyles

text: Chris Moyles (born 22 February 1974 in Leeds) is a British radio and television presenter. He presents a breakfast radio show on BBC Radio 1. His career in radio started at age 14, when he worked on a hospital radio. He worked at lots of different stations until he got a job at BBC Radio 1 in 1997. When he took over the Breakfast show from fellow DJ Sara Cox he quickly brought more listeners to the show. He won awards for his show.


title: Chris Moyles

text: Moyles wrote an autobiography called "The Gospel According to Chris Moyles: The Story of One Man and his Mouth".


title: Pollutant

text: They can also be harmful to humans in the long-term range. They come from mineral and fossil sources or are produced by humans themselves.


title: Pollutant

text: Many pollutants have a poisonous effect on the body. Carbon monoxide is an example of a substance which is damaging to humans. This compound is taken up in the body instead of oxygen. That makes the body suffocate and in severe cases may lead to death.


title: Pollutant

text: Some pollutants became dangerous by reaction with other naturally occurring compounds. The oxides of nitrogen and sulphur are released from impurities in fossil fuels when they are burnt. They react with water vapour in the atmosphere to become acid rain. Acid rain damages buildings and makes lakes unable to support marine life, which causes fish and water plants to die.


title: Belfast Quarters

text: The Quarters do not evenly divide the city into four parts, and not all of Belfast's city centre is part of a Quarter. Instead, each Quarter has something important in its history and locale. The "Quarter" names were given in 2001.


title: Nancy, France

text: Nancy is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in the Grand Est region. It was formerly the capital of the old Duchy of Lorraine.


title: Eye of Horus

text: The Eye of Horus was an important symbol in ancient Egypt. It was the symbol of protection and Royal Power from Ra or Horus.


title: Eye of Horus

text: Horus was an ancient Egyptian sky god in the form of a falcon. The right eye represents a peregrine falcon's eye and the markings around it. This includes the "teardrop" marking sometimes found below the eye. As the wadjet (also udjat or utchat), it also represented the sun, and was associated with the Sun God Ra (Re). The "mirror image", or left eye, represented the moon and the God Tehuti (Thoth).


title: Eye of Horus

text: In the ancient Egyptian measurement system, the Eye Of Horus defined an Old Kingdom rounded off number one(1) = 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + 1/32 + 1/64, by throwing away 1/64.


title: Prehistory of Kangleipak

text: The Prehistory of Kangleipak or the pre-literary history of Manipur is the period of human history between the first use of stone tools by early men and the time just preceding Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur).


title: Prehistory of Kangleipak

text: Comparing with other regions of the world, the development process of the archaeological work in Manipur is of recent times. The pioneering work in archeology was initiated by O. Kumar Singh. Before his presence, there was little information on the existence of the stone culture of Manipur.


title: Prehistory of Kangleipak

text: O. Kumar Singh is of the view that "Pre-Historic people used to settle in the hills during the Paleolithic and Mesolithic (Hoabinhian) culture while Neolithic people lived in both hills and valley. They came down to the valley at least by about 2000 BC." On the basis of the characters of the tool industry, the prehistory of Manipur is broadly classified into three periods.


title: Prehistory of Kangleipak

text: Paleolithic period is the most primitive stone culture era. The Paleolithic period varies from place to place.


title: Prehistory of Kangleipak

text: In Manipur's neighbouring country Burma (Myanmar), the lower Paleolithic culture started from 750000 to 275000 BP. The Homo erectus (early Anyathian culture) began to settle on the banks of the Ayeyawaddy river in Burma in 750000 BCE.


title: Prehistory of Kangleipak

text: The stone culture of Paleolithic period were discovered from the five archeological sites, Songbu, Khangkhui, Machi, Nongpok Keithel Manbi and Singtom.


title: Prehistory of Kangleipak

text: The Mesolithic period (Hoabinhian period or post Paleolithic period or pre Neolithic period) has two remarkable archeological sites in Manipur. These are the Nongpok Keithelmanbi and the Tharon cave.


title: Prehistory of Kangleipak

text: The Neolithic period is the last of the three Stone Age periods. It has 4 archeological sites in Manipur.


title: Thucydides

text: Thucydides (; ; born around 460 BC, died around 400 BC) was an ancient Greek historian best remembered for his work on the Peloponnesian War. He was the son of Olorus.


title: Harappa

text: Harappa () is an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan. It is about 35 km (22 miles) southwest of Sahiwal. A village with the same name is located about 6 kilometres from the site. About 15,000 people live there.


title: Harappa

text: The site got little attention until the 1920s. In 2005, an amusement park scheme was abandoned during the early stages of building work. Harrapa is a beautiful place


title: Harappa

text: The site contains the ruins of a city from the Bronze Age. The people living in Harappa were part of the Indus Valley Civilization.


title: Dirk Nowitzki

text: Dirk Werner Nowitzki (born June 19, 1978 in Würzburg, Germany; pronounced "durk VER-ner nah-VIT-skee") is a former German basketball player. He played for the Dallas Mavericks in the United States' National Basketball Association's (NBA).


title: Dirk Nowitzki

text: Nowitzki started playing in the NBA in 1998. He is only the second player who was born in Germany to play in the Finals.


title: Dirk Nowitzki

text: He is a 12-time NBA All Star. Nowitkzi won the 2006-07 NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award. The Mavericks, led by Nowitzki, defeated the Miami Heat 4-2 in the 2011 NBA Finals. In addition to performing very well in general in the Finals, his 101-degree fever in Game 4 didn't stop him from scoring the winning basket to tie the series 2-2. This amazing feat is a lot like when Michael Jordan played well despite the flu in the 1997 Finals against the Utah Jazz.


title: Atherosclerosis

text: Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis in which the wall of the artery has lesions. These lesions may lead to narrowing due to the buildup of atheromatous plaque. There are usually no symptoms.


title: Chariots of Fire

text: Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British historical drama movie. It is based on the true story of two athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell and Harold Abrahams.


title: Atherosclerosis

text: When severe, it can cause coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or kidney failure.


title: Chariots of Fire

text: The movie was directed by Hugh Hudson. Ben Cross and Ian Charleson starred as Abrahams and Liddell. Nigel Havers, Ian Holm, Lindsay Anderson, John Gielgud, Cheryl Campbell, and Alice Krige star in supporting roles.


title: Chariots of Fire

text: It was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won four, including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay.


title: Chariots of Fire

text: The movie's title was inspired by the line, "Bring me my Chariot of fire!", from the William Blake poem adapted into the British hymn "Jerusalem". The original phrase "chariot(s) of fire" is from 2 Kings and in the Bible.


title: United States Department of Justice

text: The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the Federal government of the United States. Its jobs are to enforce the law, defend the interests of the United States according to law, and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice. Parts of DOJ include the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and prosecutor offices in about a hundred districts in the United States. The DOJ is administered by the United States Attorney General, one of the original members of the cabinet.


title: Faraday cage

text: A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure made from material that conducts electricity. It is used to block electric fields. The Faraday cage is named after the English scientist Michael Faraday, who invented it in 1836.


title: Faraday cage

text: An electrical field outside the cage causes electric charges in the cage's conducting material to move around and cancel the field's effect inside the cage. It protects sensitive electronic equipment from external radio frequency interference (RFI).


title: Faraday cage

text: Faraday cages are also used to enclose devices that produce RFI, such as radio transmitters, to prevent their radio waves from interfering with other nearby equipment. They are also used to protect people and equipment against actual electric currents such as lightning strikes and electrostatic discharges. The enclosing cage conducts current round the outside of the enclosed space and none passes though the inside space.


title: Australia Day

text: Australia Day is a public holiday held on 26 January every year in Australia. It is celebrated to remember the day that the First Fleet landed in Australia. On 26 January 1788 British people landed at Sydney Cove and began a British convict settlement.


title: Australia Day

text: Some people do not believe that Australia Day should be celebrated on this date. For example, some indigenous Australians call the date "Invasion Day" or "Survival Day" because it was the day that their native land was invaded.


title: Australia Day

text: On 13 May 1787, 11 ships were sent from Great Britain to Australia. The ships carried mostly prisoners to Australia where many were going to be living the rest of their lives. The ships were led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who was later promoted to an Admiral.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: The 2022–23 UEFA Champions League will be the 68th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: The final will be played at the Atatürk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey. The stadium was originally appointed to host the 2020 UEFA Champions League Final, but both this, and the 2021 final which had been eventually re-allocated to the Atatürk, were moved due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The winner of the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League will automatically qualify for the 2023–24 UEFA Champions League group stage, and also earn the right to play against the winner of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League in the 2023 UEFA Super Cup.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: Real Madrid are the defending champions, having won a record fourteenth title in the previous edition.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: A total of 78 teams from 53 of the 55 UEFA member associations participate in the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League (the exceptions being Russia, who are banned from participating due to 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and Liechtenstein, which does not organise a domestic league). The association ranking based on the UEFA association coefficients is used to determine the number of participating teams for each association:


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: For the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League, the associations are allocated places according to their 2021 UEFA association coefficients, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 2016–17 to 2020–21.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: Apart from the allocation based on the association coefficients, associations may have additional teams participating in the Champions League, as noted below:


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: Due to the suspension of Russia for the 2022–23 European season, and since the Champions League title holders (Real Madrid) have qualified via their domestic league, the following changes to the access list have been made:<ref name="rus-susp-22/23"></ref>


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: The second qualifying round, third qualifying round and play-off round are divided into Champions Path (CH) and League Path (LP).


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: The schedule of the competition is as follows. All matches are played on Tuesdays and Wednesdays apart from the preliminary round final. Scheduled kick-off times starting from the play-off round are 18:45 and 21:00 CEST/CET.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: As the 2022 FIFA World Cup takes place in Qatar between 21 November and 18 December 2022, the group stage will commence in the first week of September 2022 and conclude in the first week of November 2022 to make way for the World Cup.


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: The draw for the group stage will be held on 25 August 2022. The 32 teams will be drawn into eight groups of four. For the draw, the teams are seeded into four pots, each of eight teams, based on the following principles:


title: 2022–23 UEFA Champions League

text: Eintracht Frankfurt will make their debut appearance in the group stage after winning Europa League. This season is also the first in which five German clubs will play in the group stage.


title: Manyogana

text: Man'yōgana is the oldest known sound-based writing system used for the Japanese language. When kanji, or Chinese characters used to write Japanese, first came to Japan in around the 4th century AD through the Korean Peninsula, it was only used to write the Chinese language. Even though Chinese was not native to the Japanese people, classical Chinese writings were nonetheless studied heavily by upper-class Japanese. Some time later, although the exact time is unknown, Chinese characters, which came be known as kanji in Japan, was being used to write the Japanese language for the first time in roughly the 6th century AD, although it had a heavy Chinese influence.


title: Manyogana

text: Figuring out how to write the Chinese character system to correctly fit the Japanese language was quite a difficult task, since there were such big differences between Chinese and Japanese. For example, Chinese has an SVO (subject-verb-object) word order (i.e. I eat sushi), while Japanese has an SOV word order (i.e. I sushi eat). Also, while Chinese morphemes, or the smallest meaningful part of a word, are usually monosyllabic, or having just one syllable, Japanese words often were polysyllabic, or having two or more syllables. Examples of this include 山, 魚, 中, 国, 人, 多, 速 and 見. In Mandarin Chinese, the most spoken Chinese dialect in the world, these morphemes are pronounced "shān, yú, zhōng," "guó, rén, duō, sù" and "kàn" in that order, all of which are just one syllable. In the native Japanese pronunciation, however, these morphemes are pronounced "yama, sakana, naka, kuni, hito, oo, haya" and "mi(ru)". What makes all this more complicated is that the last three kanji are almost never written by themselves in Japanese, if at all, since they are usually used in adjectives, verbs, and adverbs.


title: Manyogana

text: Writing characters by themselves is often okay in Chinese, since Chinese is an analytic language, or a language where grammar is structured by word order, but Japanese is highly inflectional, meaning that grammar is structured by word endings. For that reason, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs almost always have at least two morphemes, the first being the derivational morpheme, or the part of the word with the root meaning, and the second and others after it are called inflectional morphemes, or parts of the word added to show a word's grammar. For example, a word that uses the character 見 is 見る "mi(ru)," where the first morpheme, the kanji being 見 and its pronunciation being "mi," has the root meaning ""see"," the second syllable "ru" shows that the word is a verb, making it into the word ""to see"." The adjective 多い "oo(i)" is made up of the morpheme 多 "oo", meaning ""many"", and the morpheme い "i," showing that the word is an adjective. The last examples are the two words 速い "haya(i)" and 速く "haya(ku)." While the first morpheme in both words are the two syllables 速 "haya," meaning ""fast"," the い "i　"in 速い makes the word into an adjective while the く "ku" in 速く "hayaku" turns the word into an adverb, thus the word becomes ""quickly"".


title: Manyogana

text: Due to the many differences that existed between Chinese and Japanese, the Chinese character system had to be changed to fit spoken Japanese, if it were to be understood by native Japanese speakers. The first solution the Japanese came up with was to use Chinese characters for their pronunciation and not for the meaning of the word. These were called man'yōgana, which was named after the Man'yōshu, a collection of Japanese poems that wrote Japanese using the man'yōgana. While Chinese characters used for their meaning became known as kanji, the Chinese characters being used only for pronunciation became known as man'yōgana. Man'yōgana consisted of roughly 970 Chinese characters that could be used to represent roughly the roughly 90 different morae used in the Japanese language.


title: Manyogana

text: For example, while the character 山 means ""mountain"" in Japanese, the character itself was usually used only for Chinese loanwords, or words borrowed from the Chinese language, such as 富士山 "Fuji-san", meaning ""Mt. Fuji”，"火山"kazan," meaning ""volcano”，"and 山村 "sanson", meaning ""mountain village"." Words borrowed from the Chinese language would use on'yomi (in Japanese, the on'yomi for やま is "san", "zan, sen," or "zen"), or pronunciations borrowed from Chinese, instead of kun'yomi, or native Japanese pronunciations. During the early days of Japanese writing, native Japanese words were largely written using man'yōgana instead of kanji. For example, while the kanji for ""mountain"" is 山, and the kun'yomi for the word is "yama", the native Japanese word would be written as 耶麻, 八馬, 矢間, 也麻, etc. to distinguish it from being a Chinese loanword, or "kango".


title: Manyogana

text: While a modern Japanese sentence could be written like this: 私はすしを食べます "Watashi-wa sushi-o tabemasu" (meaning: I eat sushi), the same sentence written entirely in man'yōgana could be written as 和多氏巴寿司鳥他邊麻須, giving it a more Chinese look. Or, if someone wanted to keep all the kanji the same but replace all the modern kana, the sentence would look like this 私巴寿司鳥食邊麻須.


title: Manyogana

text: Although man'yōgana gave the Japanese a means to represent spoken Japanese on paper, sentences written in man'yōgana were quite difficult to read. Since Chinese characters were used for both representing the meaning of words and pronunciation, a lot of confusion could happen when a native Japanese speaker would read something written in both kanji and man'yōgana. The above examples in man'yōgana would be difficult for even a native Japanese speaker to read, especially for a modern Japanese person. On top of all that, writing everything down quickly was nearly impossible, since an entire Chinese character was needed to write down a simple Japanese syllable, some of which could have been written by up to 30 strokes of a pen.


title: Manyogana

text: In order to write faster, use fewer written characters, and read more easily, Japanese writers created simpler kana, or written characters to represent Japanese syllables. Buddhist monks created katakana by only using pieces of kanji so that they could write down spoken teachings more quickly. Upper-class women would use the kanji they knew and wrote cursive forms of these kanji. These became known as hiragana. While they were created separately, they later replaced man'yōgana as the main sound-based writing systems. While most sound-based writing today uses hiragana and katakana, man'yōgana is still used to write some modern Japanese words.


title: Manyogana

text: These examples are called ateji. Some examples include 寿司 sushi, 亜細亜 "Ajia" (Asia)、亜米利加 "Amerika" (America)、仏蘭西 "Furansu" (France)、阿弗利加 "Afurika" (Africa)、沢山 "takusan" and 珈琲 "kōhī" (coffee)。


title: Manyogana

text: Sometimes, like in the case of 仏蘭西, these are the old spellings of the names of places before the Japanese decided to represent all non-Chinese loanwords with katanana. Other times, the ateji is used since the Chinese characters are more well-known in different countries than the hiragana and the katana, an example being that the Chinese can recognize 寿司, since both characters also exist in Chinese, rather than すし, since neither character exists in Chinese. While the Chinese characters for "coffee" is 咖啡, the Japanese 珈琲 is close enough that Chinese could figure it out with a little guesswork.


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Jessica Kelly Siobhán Reilly (born 18 July 1977) is an English actress. She is known for her roles in "Eden Lake", "Sherlock Holmes", "After Miss Julie", "", and "Flight".


title: Kelly Reilly

text: Reilly was born on 18 July 1977 in Surrey, England. She has been married to Kyle Baughner since 2012.


title: Ty Dolla Sign

text: Tyrone William Griffin Jr. (born April 13, 1982), better known as Ty Dolla Sign (stylized as Ty Dolla $ign or Ty$), is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He first gained major recognition in 2010 for his guest feature on YG's "Toot It and Boot It", which he had written and produced for Def Jam Recordings. In the summer of 2013, he signed a record deal with Wiz Khalifa's Taylor Gang Records. In November 2015, he released his first studio album, "Free TC", which peaked at number 14 on the "Billboard" 200.


title: Ty Dolla Sign

text: Ty Dolla Sign is known for his songs "Paranoid", "Or Nah", and "Blasé", as well as his writing contributions to "Loyal", "Post to Be", "FourFiveSeconds", and "Psycho", which was his first track to hit number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Aside from his solo music career, Ty Dolla Sign is also a member of production team D.R.U.G.S., alongside Chordz 3D, Buddah Shampoo, Nate 3D, James Koo, Fuego, and DJ Dahi.


title: Sue Ane Langdon

text: She began her career with singing and theatre. On the television series "Perry Mason", she played Rowena Leach. She also acted in lots of movies. Her character was Opal Ann in the 1970 movie "The Cheyenne Social Club".


title: Jack Doepke

text: Bruce William Deopke (born March 15, 1950), also known as Jack Deopke, is a retired American actor. He is known for his portrayal as Ronald McDonald in the McDonald's commercials from 1991 to 1999 and in "The Wack Adventures of Ronald McDonald", replacing Squire Fridell. After retiring from acting, Deopke now works as a programmer-technician.


title: Jack Doepke

text: Deopke was previously married to Dawn Watson from 1976 to 1985. Deopke has been married to his second wife Carol Jean Doll since October 1, 1989, together they have two children.


title: White nationalism

text: White nationalism is a type of nationalism that sees white people as a race. It also wants to keep a national identity of white people as a race. Many believers of white nationalism see certain countries (often their own country) as being countries that are for white people only. Often, supporters of white nationalism can also believe in white supremacy, nazism, Ku Klux Klan and other racist policies and ideas.


title: Heta

text: Heta (uppercase/lowercase ) is another name for the letter Eta (Η), a letter of the Greek alphabet, and also for some other variant forms of it. This name is used to show that this letter at first was pronounced as "h", just like in Latin. Later, in the Ionian dialect of Greek, people stopped pronouncing the sound "h", and therefore they gave the letter a new meaning and used it for a long "e" sound instead. Some other dialects then took over this new letter "Eta", and so they had to find a new form for the letter for "h". In some dialects they invented a new letter "" to stand for "h". Today, the name "Heta" is also used for this letter.


title: Joseph Fourier

text: Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (21 March 1768 – 30 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist. He is best known for starting the investigation of Fourier series. He used them for work on problems of heat flow. Fourier also helped the discovery of the greenhouse effect, by suggesting the atmosphere might act as an insulator.


title: Joseph Fourier

text: Fourier was born at Auxerre as the son of a tailor. He lost both his parents at the age of 9. He then went on to study at the Convent of St Mark.


title: Joseph Fourier

text: He joined the military academy in Auxerre. Aged sixteen, he became a teacher. At age 26, he entered the École normale supérieure in Paris. People like Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Gaspard Monge, and Pierre-Simon de Laplace were among his teachers.


title: Joseph Fourier

text: He took part in the French Revolution of 1789. During the Reign of Terror he was almost executed at the guillotine, but the death of Robespierre saved him this fate. He later took part in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.


title: Joseph Fourier

text: Later, as a diplomat, he is put in charge of the scientific background of the Institut d'Égypte. On his return, Napoleon put him in charge of the Isère department.


title: Joseph Fourier

text: In 1810, Fourier created the university in Grenoble, and becomes its first head. In 1817, Fourier became a Member of the Académie des Sciences. On the death of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre in 1822 he became head of the mathematics section. In 1826, Fourier was elected to the Académie française.