title: Sturmabteilung

text: It originally comes from the specialized assault troops used by Germany in World War I using "" infiltration tactics.


title: Sturmabteilung

text: In 1934 Hitler launched the Night of the Long Knives in which the Schutzstaffel arrested and killed their leaders.


title: Compton, California

text: Compton is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is southeast of Los Angeles, and is on the west side of the Los Angeles River. One stream that flows through it is called Compton Creek. The city's total land area is 10.2 square miles (26.4 square kilometers).


title: Compton, California

text: The city, incorporated in 1888, now has a population of 94,425. Its current mayor is Aja Brown. The city was known for having one of the highest crime rates in the United States.


title: Sean Connery

text: Sir Thomas Sean Connery (25 August 1930 – 30 October 2020) was a Scottish actor. He was known for his charm and good looks, which have made him very famous. He was best known for playing James Bond in seven of the James Bond movies. He appeared in 94 movies. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Jimmy Malone in "The Untouchables" (1987).


title: Sean Connery

text: Connery was born in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh. He was born as Thomas Connery, but later added Sean as his stage name which is what most people call him. His mother, Euphemia "Effie" McBain McLean, was a cleaning woman.


title: Sean Connery

text: In 1946, at the age of 16, Connery joined the Royal Navy, during which time he got two tattoos. He trained in Portsmouth at the naval gunnery school and in an anti-aircraft crew. He was discharged from the navy three years later due to an ulcer.


title: Sean Connery

text: Connery had been in smaller theatre and television productions. He became well known when he became the first actor to play James Bond. Connery was the tallest actor to play James Bond to this day. He later went on to star on "Marnie" (1964), "Murder on the Orient Express" (1974), "The Man Who Would Be King" (1975), "A Bridge Too Far" (1977), "Highlander" (1986), "The Untouchables" (1988), "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" (1989), "The Hunt for Red October" (1990), "Dragonheart" (1996), "The Rock" (1996), and "Finding Forrester" (2000). Connery retired from acting in 2006.


title: Sean Connery

text: During his career, he won one Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards (one being a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award), and three Golden Globes. He received a lifetime achievement award in the US with a Kennedy Center Honor in 1999. Connery was knighted in 2000.


title: Sean Connery

text: Connery was offered the role of Gandalf in "The Lord of the Rings" series but turned down the role because he didn't understand the script. Connery also turned down the opportunity to appear as the Architect in "The Matrix" trilogy for similar reasons.


title: Sean Connery

text: Connery was married to Diane Cilento from 1962 until they divorced in 1973. They had a son, actor Jason Connery. Sean Connery married Micheline Roquebrune in 1975.


title: Sean Connery

text: In 1993, news that Connery was undergoing radiation treatment for an undisclosed throat ailment sparked media reports that the actor was suffering from throat cancer following years of heavy smoking. He was falsely declared dead by the Japanese and South African news agencies. In 2008, he chipped a bone in his shoulder after falling while playing golf. In October 2009, he told "Wine Spectator" magazine that he has been diagnosed with a heart condition.


title: Sean Connery

text: Connery died in his sleep at his home in Nassau, The Bahamas on 30 October 2020, aged 90. He had dementia in his later years. The cause of death was pneumonia caused by heart failure.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: The Manila hostage crisis (Tagalog: Pagbibihag ng bus sa Maynila; Chinese: 馬尼拉人質事件) happened on August 23, 2010. A man who had been fired from the Philippine National Police, Rolando del Rosario Mendoza, boarded a tourist bus in Rizal Park and took the passengers hostages. Nine people (including 8 tourists from Hong Kong, killed by Mendoza, and Mendoza himself) were killed in the incident.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: Since some Hong Kong people blamed the Philippine Government for not handling the incident properly, the relationship between Hong Kong and the Philippines had become much worse.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: Rolando del Rosario Mendoza was formerly a policeman. In 2008, he was fired because of complaints that he forced an arrested chef to admit drug trafficking that he had not done.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: When he came aboard the tourist bus, he posted a sticker to the bus stating "BIG MISTAKE TO CORRECT A BIG WRONG DECISION".


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: The tour group was held by Hong Thai Travel. It set off on 20 August. The day when the incident happen was the last day of the tour. That day was also the Ghost Festival of China.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: About 10 o'clock, Mendoza boarded the bus. At that time, he let the tour guide and the hostage contact their households. The tour guide, Tse Ting Chunn, phoned the Assistant Manager, "依家有咗好大鑊嘅問題……有個軍人上咗我部車挾持咗我哋成部車，佢有兩把槍。(There is a serious incident. A solider came apart our bus and took us as hostage. He has two gun.)" The manager told him to make the tourist be calm.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: At 2 pm, a younger brother of Mendoza came. A police officer took his gun. Mendoza got angry and shouted. At 9 pm, he started killing the tourists. First, he killed the tour guide. Next, he shot at Yik Siu Ling. She pretended to be dead. Then, some of the tourists decided to subdue him, but they were shot. After that, he kept on shooting at the tourists.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: About 7 pm, The Philippine National Police signed the reinstatement order of Mendoza. However, because of the traffic jam, the document wasn't deliver to him on time. When the document was delivered, he had already killed many tourists.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: The tour guide and six tourists who were shot by Mendoza died. Mendoza was shot dead by the police afterwards. Seven tourists were hurt. Some of them underwent surgery. Mike Yadrillo y Campanero, a citizen in the Philippines and a staff of TVB were also injured during the shootings.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: On 5 November 2013, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, CY Leung, has claimed that if no progress are made in a month, there will be sanctions against the Philippines.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: On 29 January 2014, Hong Kong has canceled visa-free privileges for Philippine officials. However, Aquino III, the president of the Philippines, still refuses to apologize for the incident.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: The official website of Bulacan, a city of the Philippines, was hacked. The background music was changed to the national anthem of the People's Republic of China and text was added which requested the government to apologize.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: After the accident, some of the bodies of the killed tourists had been mixed up. Also, the staff of the funeral house opened the coffins and let journalists take photos. Such events made the Hong Kong people very more angry. Ironically, Mendoza's funeral was held at his home and his coffin was covered by the national flag of the Philippines. This added anger to the people of Hong Kong. A "netizen" of Hong Kong even joked that the Philippine flag could be used as doormat.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: The Philippine Government said that the flag was used improperly. They had already asked the households of Mendoza to remove the flag.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: Tse Ting Chunn, the tour guide, was buried in Diamond Hill Crematorium. Three tourist were buried at St. Raphael's Catholic Cemetery temporarily. The others were buried in Tribute Garden.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: When a injured tourist was on an ambulance, he asked for a bandage. However, a nurse told him to cover the wound himself.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: Another injured tourist was sent to the Manila Doctors Hospital. However, a guard didn't let her in. Finally, when she was being transferred to the Manila City Hospital, she died.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: Many websites of Hong Kong turned their logos gray. "A Symphony of Lights", a firework and light show held every evening at 8:00 pm in Hong Kong was suspended.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: A joint demonstration march was held by the policial parties such as the Democratic Party, the Civic Party, Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions, and Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: On 25 August, different religious organizations held Puja and mass. Upajjhayas of Fo Guang Shan, a Taiwanese temple, prayed for peace. The Archbishop of Manila led a prayer and 200 police officers lit candles for the dead in a mourning ceremony.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: Fernando Chui Sai On, chief executive of Macau, wrote a condolence letter to Donald Tsang, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong then. The Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities in Macau turned its logo gray.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: In 2013, household of the died tour guide and some of the injured filed a petition to the High Court. The petition is against the government of the Philippines, former mayor of Manila and 7 other units.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: At 21:45 on 23 August 2008, Security Bureau had raised the Outbound Travel Alert for the Philippines to Black.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: In the first two months after the incident, 4000 pesos of tourist receipts were lost. In August 2010, about 12,000 tourists were from Hong Kong. However, in September, there were only about 7000 tourists form Hong Kong.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: Jackie Chan, an actor, said that Hong Kong people had forgiven the Philippine Police. Many "netizens" in Hong Kong disagreed his comment and condemned him. Later, his blog had an entry about his own café in the Philippines welcomed by the Philippine policemen. He later apologized.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: One year after the crime, Wong Koon Chung, a singer, said that he would support killing the Philippine President Aquino III and cursing him with foul language. He later took back his speech.


title: Manila hostage crisis

text: A Hong Kong TV station, TVB, played "Can't Buy Me Love", a comedy, after the live show of the hostage incident. TVB had received complaints afterwards.


title: Malay race

text: The Malay race is a race that was first proposed by the German scientist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840). Blumenbach described five races, and classified them by the colour of people's skin. The Malay race was classified as the brown race. Since Blumenbach, many anthropologists have rejected his theory of five races. Most agree that classifying races is more complicated than Blumenbach allowed for. The Malay race are considered the aborigines of the Malay Archipelago, determined by their archeological foundings dated as far as 1 AD within the Malay Archipelago.


title: Malay race

text: The term "Malay race" was often used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to describe the Austronesian peoples.


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Dave Lee Travis (born 25 May 1945), also known as DLT, is a British radio and television presenter. He was born in Buxton, Derbyshire. He started being a presenter for BBC Radio 1 in 1967. From 1981 to 2001, Travis presented "A Jolly Good Show".


title: Dave Lee Travis

text: Travis was arrested on 15 November 2012 as part of Operation Yewtree, an investigation into sexual abuse by Jimmy Savile and other people. Travis was on trial for 14 counts of indecent assault and one count of sexual assault. He has pleaded not guilty to all charges. Travis told police that if he had known Savile was a pedophile he would have reported him. Travis was cleared of all but two charges on 13 February 2014. He was retried on those two charges and another charge. On 23 September 2014, he was convicted of one count of indecent assault.


title: Israel Adesanya

text: Israel Adesanya (born 22 July 1989) is a Nigerian-born professional mixed martial artist. He fights out of Auckland, New Zealand. He is signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He is the current UFC Middleweight Champion. He has an undefeated MMA record of 19 wins and no losses. In kickboxing, Adesanya has a record of 75 wins and five defeats.


title: Israel Adesanya

text: Adesanya was born in Lagos. He moved with his family to New Zealand at a young age. He lived in Rotorua for a time. At the age of 21, Adesanya moved to Auckland.


title: Ramzan Kadyrov

text: Ramzan Kadyrov (, ; born 5 October 1976) is a Chechen politician. He became the Head of the Chechen Republic in February 2007. He is a former Chechen rebel.


title: Vascular plant

text: The vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are plants that have specialized tissues for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. They include the ferns, clubmosses, horsetails, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. They are often called the higher plants.


title: Vascular plant

text: Water transport happens in either xylem or phloem: xylem carries water and inorganic solutes upward toward the leaves from the roots, while phloem carries organic solutes throughout the plant.


title: Turkic peoples

text: The Turkic peoples are a group of peoples. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic family. A Turkic person is called a "Turk" and mainly come from these independent states Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan.


title: Turkic peoples

text: However there are Turks in many places. Today, most people in Central Asia are Turks. Many Turks live in Siberia, the Caucasus area, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.


title: Turkic peoples

text: Turkic people can sometimes understand each other during communication because of their language being connected to Turkic and having the same words.


title: Larynx

text: The larynx (plural "larynges"), also known as the voice box, is an organ in the neck of humans and animals. It helps to protect the wind pipe by stopping it from inhaling food. It also helps with breathing and making sounds. The larynx houses the vocal cords.


title: Larynx

text: The larynx makes the voice. Both pitch and loudness are controlled here. It has a small slit through which air passes and makes the vocal cords vibrate. The vibrating vocal cords make the air vibrate. This sound changes as it travels through the vocal tract. It becomes a different sound based on the position of the tongue, lips, mouth, and pharynx.


title: Larynx

text: When swallowing, the backward motion of the tongue forces part of the larynx called the epiglottis to cover up the opening to the larynx, also called the laryngeal opening. This is to stop the food swallowed from entering the lungs. The larynx is also pulled upwards to help with this process. If the larynx is irritated by something that is swallowed, a strong cough reflex is used to protect the lungs.


title: Larynx

text: There are several things that can cause a larynx to not function properly. Some symptoms are hoarseness, loss of voice, pain in the throat or ears, and breathing difficulties. Larynx transplant is not done very often. The world's first successful operation took place in 1998 at the Cleveland Clinic, and the second took place in October 2010 at the University of California Medical Center in Sacramento.


title: Recital

text: A recital is a concert of classical music given by just one musician or one musician and an accompanist. A pianist playing a concert by himself will be giving a "piano recital". A "violin recital" will be given by a violinist and piano accompanist.


title: Recital

text: People started talking about "recitals" in the middle of the 19th century. Pianists such as Liszt became famous when they travelled about giving piano recitals. Soon piano manufacturers (firms that make pianos) and concert agents started to sponsor famous pianists to give recitals. These great pianists became great stars in the way that, in music, only opera singers had been great stars before. Some concert halls have become well-known places for recitals, e.g. the Bosendorfersaal in Vienna, the Beethovensaal in Berlin, the Wigmore Hall in London and the Carnegie Hall in New York.


title: Recital

text: Some pianists became known for playing recitals of music by just one composer. Recitals of Chopin's music were particularly popular. "Song recitals" (or "vocal recitals") are given by singers who sing Lieder and sometimes arias from operas.


title: Pineberry

text: A pineberry is a white strawberry cultivar with a pineapple-like flavor, white flesh, and red seeds. It was first bred in the Netherlands and Belgium, sold in the USA in 2012.


title: Typhoid

text: Typhoid, or typhoid fever, is an illness caused by the bacterium "Salmonella enterica" subspecies "enterica". Symptoms may vary from mild to severe, and usually begin 6 to 30 days after exposure. The disease is spread by water which has the bacteria in it.


title: Typhoid

text: Typhi is spread through from what is called the "fecaloral route". The source is people who are infected but have no symptoms. An asymptomatic human carrier is an individual who is still excreting typhoid bacteria in their stool a year after the acute stage of the infection.


title: Typhoid

text: Typhoid usually lasts between two weeks and a month. The symptoms of typhoid often appear 10 to 14 days after infection. If no treatment is given, between one and three out of every ten patients die. The rest usually get better after a month, at the most.


title: Typhoid

text: Typhoid causes a steady fever of at least 103–104 degrees F (39–40 degrees C). Also, it can cause stomach pains, headache, being delirious (restless, excited, seeing things), and not being hungry. In some cases, flat, pink coloured spots show up on the patient's body. Sometimes there are no symptoms.


title: Typhoid

text: Typhoid is not common in countries with good sanitation and clean water. For example, scientists think that there are only 400 cases a year in the United States. In 2015, 12.5 million new cases worldwide were reported. For example, in the Indian subcontinent, typhoid is one of the most common diseases because of poor sanitation and lack of basic hygiene.In that case, typhoid fever is common in children of the one to 15 years age group.


title: Typhoid

text: The disease can be treated with antibiotics. There are standard drugs like "chloromycetin" which cure typhoid.


title: Jane Wyman

text: Jane Wyman (Sarah Jane Mayfield, January 5, 1917 – September 10, 2007) was an American movie, stage, television actress, singer, and dancer. She appeared in many movies during her 61-year career. She is mostly known as for being Ronald Reagan's first wife from 1940 until they divorced in 1949, before he ran for Governor of California and President. She has won one Academy Award and two Golden Globe Awards.


title: Jane Wyman

text: Wyman was born in St. Joseph, Missouri on January 5, 1917. She had three children with Reagan. She was married five times: Fred Karger, she married twice. She was married to Ernest Eugene Wyman from 1933 until they divorced in 1935. She was married to Myron Futterman from 1937 until they divorced in 1938. After she divorced Reagan in 1949, she was married to Fred Karger from 1952 until they divorced in 1955. In 1961, they remarried, and they redivorced in 1965.


title: Jane Wyman

text: Wyman died on September 10, 2007 in her home in Rancho Mirage, California from natural causes, aged 90. Wyman had arthritis and diabetes. She was later buried at Forest Lawn Mortuary and Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California.


title: Orson Bean

text: Orson Bean (July 22, 1928 – February 7, 2020) was an American actor. He appeared on televised game shows in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, including being a long-time panelist on the television game show "To Tell the Truth". He was also known for his role as Roy Bender on "Desperate Housewives".


title: Orson Bean

text: Bean was born on July 22, 1928 in Burlington, Vermont. He studied at Harvard College and at Cambridge Rindge and Latin School.


title: Orson Bean

text: Bean was married to Jacqueline deSibour from 1956 until they divorced in 1962. They had one child. Then he was married to Carolyn Maxwell from 1965 until they divorced in 1981. They had three children. Then he was married to Alley Mills from 1993 to 2020.


title: Brown huntsman spider

text: The brown huntsman spider ("Heteropoda venatoria"), also known as the giant crab spider or the cane spider, is a species of spider. found in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world, including Asia, Réunion Island, the Caribbean islands, the Southeastern US, and (especially) Australia.


title: Brown huntsman spider

text: They have a flat type of body and only a small dorsal pattern. Adults can grow to be 2.2 to 2.8 cm, and have a leg span of 7 to 12 cm. Some have colors of brown, white and black.


title: Brown huntsman spider

text: Females have a larger abdomen than males but males have longer and thinner legs with a slim body. Both have a wide, yellow to cream clypeus band around the rest of the carapace. The female also has a strong body and often carries a pillow-like egg sac under her.


title: Brown huntsman spider

text: Brown huntsman spiders do not use spider webs to feed on prey. These spiders are known to hunt by waiting and making no noise above their prey, and then rush forward when their prey get close. They are fast, agile and can move through tight spaces. They feed at night.


title: Brown huntsman spider

text: If you let them into your home, they will eat unwanted bugs and insects like cockroaches and silverfish.


title: Hanging Gardens of Babylon

text: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the walls of Babylon (near present-day Al Hillah in Iraq) were one of the Seven Wonders of the World. They were built by Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BC. He is said to have built the gardens to please his wife, Amytis of Media. She wanted to see the trees and plants of her homeland. The hanging gardens were destroyed in an earthquake after the 1st century BC.


title: Hanging Gardens of Babylon

text: Some people do not believe the Hanging Gardens were real. In ancient writings the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were first described by "Berossus", a Chaldean priest. He lived in the late 4th century B.C. Greek historians later wrote more about them.


title: Hanging Gardens of Babylon

text: Recent archaeological digs of the palace in Iraq have uncovered evidence of a building with vaults and a well nearby. However, the place of the palace complex is different from where Greek historians said they were, which was on the banks of the Euphrates River. Also recently, there have been digs on the banks of the Euphrates River of some large 25 meter-thick walls.


title: Image scanner

text: In computing, an image scanner is a device used to transfer images or text into a computer. There are special models for scanning photo negatives, or to scan books. In the computer, the signal from the scanner is transferred to a digital image. This image can then be edited, printed, etc. All scanners have special parts which are used to take a picture from an object.


title: Image scanner

text: Charge-coupled device or Contact Image Sensor parts take the light from the object and change it into a digital signal. The digital signal is then transferred to the computer memory or is read in the scanner's processor. With some software it can be changed to a compressed digital image, like JPEG or PNG. Text printed or written by hand can be changed to ASCII code by an OCR program.


title: Krist Novoselic

text: Krist Anthony Novoselic (born May 16, 1965) is an American rock musician. He is most famous for being the bass player for the grunge band Nirvana with Kurt Cobain and Dave Grohl. When Cobain died in 1994, Nirvana broke up. Grohl moved on to form the band Foo Fighters, and Novoselic has been mostly involved in politics. He was also the bassist for the American punk band Flipper between 2006 and 2009. Novoselic was born in Compton, California. He was raised in San Pedro, Los Angeles.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was killed in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas, on Friday, November 22, 1963. This happened while he was traveling in a presidential motorcade with his wife Jacqueline, the Governor of Texas John Connally, and the governor's wife Nellie.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: As the car drove into Dealey Plaza, shots were fired. Kennedy was shot once in the throat, and once in the head. It happened at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC). The motorcade drove to Parkland Memorial Hospital away. At 1:00 p.m., Kennedy was pronounced dead.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: Lee Harvey Oswald was the main suspect in the murder. He was arrested on the same day for the murder of a policeman, J. D. Tippit. He was charged with both murders later that night. Oswald denied shooting anyone. Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby two days later, on November 24. This was when Oswald was being moved from the police station to a jail. He died in Parkland Hospital.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: The event left a lasting impression on many worldwide. As with the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor before it and the September 11 attacks after it, asking "Where were you when you heard about President Kennedy's assassination" would become a common topic of discussion.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: An investigation into what happened was done by the Warren Commission in 1963–1964. It took 10 months. The commission decided that Oswald was the only person involved, and he had fired three shots from the window of a warehouse on the corner of Dealey Plaza. No one else was involved. The man who murdered Oswald, Jack Ruby, was also said to have acted alone.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: Most people at the time believed this was true. However, other alternative theories as to what could have happened have developed. Surveys from 1966 to 2004 found that as many as 80 percent of Americans have suspected that there was a plot or cover-up.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: Another investigation was done by the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) in 1979. They found that President John F. Kennedy was probably killed as a result of a conspiracy (a secret plot). The HSCA found both the original FBI investigation and the Warren Commission Report to have big mistakes. They agree with the Commission that Oswald fired all the shots. But they say that there were at least four shots fired. They also say that it was very likely that two gunmen fired at the President. No gunmen or groups involved in the conspiracy were pointed out by the committee. They said that the CIA, the Soviet Union, organized crime and several other groups were not involved.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: The assassination is still the subject of a lot of debate. There are a lot of conspiracy theories. Some researchers have suggested that Oswald was not the shooter. Others have suggested that he conspired with others to kill the president. Most of these theories accuse criminal groups, the military–industrial complex, the government of Cuba, the KGB, or the CIA. Lyndon Johnson, George H. W. Bush and Sam Giancana are among those accused. That mob boss Sam Giancana was responsible is supported by the account of his brother and nephew. Only one person was ever put on trial: Clay Shaw, but he was found not guilty.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: Some have also argued that the gunshots were fired so quickly there must have been more than one assassin shooting at the President. This could be supported by the fact that most witnesses said that the second and third shots were fired closer together.


title: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

text: Some believe that the bullets could not have hit Kennedy in the place they hit him if they had really been fired from the warehouse. Many of the workers at Parkland Hospital reported that a large portion of the back of the President's head appeared to have been blown out. This may suggest that he had been hit from the front.


title: Hezbollah

text: Hezbollah (, meaning "Party of God") is an Islamic political party and paramilitary organization in Lebanon. It was formed in Lebanon in 1982, during the Lebanese Civil War. The leader of Hezbollah is currently Hassan Nasrallah.


title: Hezbollah

text: Hezbollah's main goals during the Civil War were to fight against Western influences and create an Islamic state in Lebanon. Its members are Shia Muslims. It is also supports Arab nationalism. It wants freedom for the Palestinian people in Palestine. Because of this, it believes that the State of Israel should not exist, and fights against it. Over the years, the Hezbollah militia has fought a guerrilla war against the Israeli Army along the border in southern Lebanon. It often attacks Israel's military positions, hospitals, grade schools, school buses, and other civilians by firing rockets across Israel's northern border.


title: Hezbollah

text: Hezbollah was officially founded in 1985. It was originally founded has a movement of resistance against Israel invasion of Lebanon in 1982. His foundation is also part of the movement of exportation of the Iranian Revolution.


title: Hezbollah

text: To destroy Hezbollah bases, Israel has responded in different ways; for example, air strikes on sites in Lebanon and sending ground troops into Southern Lebanon. In 2000, Israel withdrew its troops from the "security zone" in Southern Lebanon, but not from a sliver of land called Shebba Farms. This fertile area was kept under Israeli occupation. The border stayed relatively quiet until July 2006, except for targeted assassinations and kidnappings by Israel. In July, Hezbollah captured two Israeli soldiers. This led to the 2006 Lebanon War, in which Hezbollah rockets reached deep into Israel.


title: Hezbollah

text: A few governments consider Hezbollah a terrorist group. The majority do not. Among those who consider it to be a terrorist group are the United States, Bahrain, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands and Israel. The European Union and the United Kingdom consider Hezbollah's military branch to be a terrorist group, but not the political party. Lebanon considers Hezbollah to be a legitimate resistance movement. This view is shared by Syria, Iran and all other countries in the Arab world.Russia considers Hezbollah as a legitimate sociopolitical organization while China remains neutral, and maintains contacts with Hezbollah. Other countries that do not consider Hezbollah a terror organization includes Cuba, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, and others.


title: Criminal procedure

text: Criminal procedure refers to the rules that determine how the courts will process a criminal trial. While criminal procedure differs by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge and results in the or acquittal of the defendant.


title: Criminal procedure

text: Many countries have a democratic system and use the rule of law. There are a number of common principles. In a criminal case the burden of proof is on the prosecution. That means it is up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt. This is opposed to having the defendant prove he or she is innocent. It also means any doubt is resolved in favor of the defendant. This provision is known as the presumption of innocence. If charged with a felony, defendants have the following basic rights:


title: Jet Li

text: Li Lianjie (born April 26, 1963), better known by his stage name Jet Li, is a Chinese martial artist, actor, wushu champion, and movie star. He currently lives in Singapore and became a citizen there.


title: Wisdom literature

text: Wisdom literature is a genre of literature that was common in the ancient Near East. Wisdom literature is about sayings of wisdom that teach about divinity and wisdom. The story-telling used is the same than in other forms of literature. Wisdom literature tells the reader has about how nature is made, and what reality is.


title: Wisdom literature

text: Sayings are generalized. Speculative wisdom literature are about a person, and its relationship to questions such as the meaning of life, suffering or the relationship between that person and a deity.


title: Wisdom literature

text: The Jews sometimes say the Old Testament is the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings. Included inside the Writings are Psalms and wisdom materials like Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. These wisdom books are related to certain people called "wise men" who were an important part of Israelite society. ()


title: Probability distribution

text: Probability distribution is a term from mathematics. Suppose there are many events with random outcomes. A probability distribution is the theoretical counterpart to the frequency distribution. A frequency distribution simply shows how many times a certain event occurred. A probability distribution says how many times it "should" have occurred in the long run (that is, its probability). The probability distribution of a random variable formula_1 is often written as formula_2 (or simply formula_3). Such a distribution can either be discrete, taking a discrete (or countable) amount of values, or continuous, taking an uncountable amount of values (as from a continuous interval).


title: Probability distribution

text: As an example, the probability distribution for a single roll of a normal 6-sided dice can be presented by:


title: Probability distribution

text: where result is the outcome of the dice roll, and the probability shows the chances of that result occurring. If we roll a dice 60 times, then in the long run, we should expect to have each side appear 10 times on average.


title: Probability distribution

text: There are different probability distributions. Each of them has its use, its benefits and its drawbacks. Some common probability distributions include:


title: Venda language

text: Venda, also called ' or ', is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa. Most Venda speakers live in South Africa, but some speakers live in Zimbabwe. The Venda language is very similar to the Kalanga language, which is spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe. During the Apartheid era of South Africa, Venda speakers lived in the bantustan of Venda.


title: Venda language

text: Venda is spoken by about 666,000 people in the northern part of South Africa's Limpopo Province. Around 84,000 people in Zimbabwe also speak the language.


title: Venda language

text: The Venda language uses the Latin alphabet. It has five (5) extra accented letters. Four consonants have a circumflex below the letter ("ḓ", "ḽ", "ṋ", "ṱ") and one consonant has an overdot ("ṅ").


title: Tango

text: The Tango is a dance which was created in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The musical style that was created with the dance is also called 'tango'. It is danced today in two versions. Neither version is 'better' than the other; they are rather different in style.


title: Tango

text: The first tango dances and music was called "tango criollo," or simply "tango". Today, there are various tango dance styles, including Argentine tango, Uruguayan tango and vintage tangos. The Argentine tango is probably closer to that originally danced in Argentina and Uruguay, though no details survive of its original form.


title: Tango

text: The tango is a standard dance in international ballroom dancing. This version was developed in England before WWII, mainly as a result of the work of Monsieur Pierre, a French dance teacher who lived in London.


title: Tango

text: The Tango is now danced in international competitions to a style first set out in English ballroom texts and regulations.


title: Dave Matthews

text: David John Matthews (born January 9, 1967) is a South African-born American singer-songwriter, musician, actor and record label owner. He is best known as the lead vocalist, songwriter and guitarist for the Dave Matthews Band (DMB).


title: Dave Matthews

text: During the period from 2000 to 2010, his band sold more tickets and earned more money than any other act in North America.


title: Dave Matthews

text: Matthews has had multiple acting roles. He has also won two Grammy Awards: one with the Dave Matthews Band in 1997 for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group ("So Much to Say") and one in 2004 for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance ("Gravedigger") from his solo album.


title: Additions to Daniel

text: The Additions to Daniel are three chapters that have been held by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox churches since the council of Rome (380). These books were removed in most Christian Bibles since Martin Luther's decision to include them in his bible as "Apocrypha" due to the supposed contradiction of the Hebrew Old Testament (the Apostles and Early Church onward using the Septuagint). The chapters are listed in "Article VI" of the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England as good but not sacred reading. Most Protestant Bibles do not have these chapters because most Protestant churches believe these chapters are apocryphal.


title: Additions to Daniel

text: The Additions to Daniel are not found in the Hebrew or Aramaic text of Daniel. These stories are in the Greek Septuagint and a translation by the writer Theodotion. However, most Protestant Bibles use only the text in the Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts, so they do not have these chapters.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a science fiction comedy series by Douglas Adams. It started out as a radio show series for the BBC Radio 4 in 1978.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: In 2005, it was made into a movie, and the fourth and fifth radio series were broadcast. A CD was released following the final episode transmission of each radio series.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: It has also been a computer game, and several stage plays and comic books. Douglas Adams also suggested he would write a sixth book but he died before he could complete it, so Eoin Colfer wrote the sixth book in the series.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: It featured Professor Stephen Hawking introducing himself as the voice of "The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Mk II" by saying: "I have been quite popular in my time. Some even read my books".


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: The radio, book, TV and movie versions differ from each other. The same basic plot is used but they sometimes contradict each other. This is due to Adams rewriting the story for each new medium.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: In all versions, the story follows the adventures of Arthur Dent. He is an Englishman. His house is being bulldozed to make way for a bypass. At the same time the Earth is being demolished by the Vogons to make way for an intergalactic bypass. The vogons are a race of unpleasant and bureaucratic aliens.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: Dent's friend, Ford Prefect, is an alien. He is a researcher for the eponymous guidebook. He rescues Dent from Earth's destruction.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: Zaphod Beeblebrox is Ford's eccentric semi-cousin. Beeblebrox is the Galactic President. He has stolen the "Heart of Gold", a spacecraft equipped with the Infinite Improbability Drive. The depressed robot Marvin the Paranoid Android and Trillian are crew members.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: Trillian was known as Tricia McMillan, a woman Arthur once met at a party in Islington. Beeblebrox saved her from Earth's destruction. She is the only other human survivor.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: Arthur learns that the Earth was actually a giant supercomputer. It was created by another supercomputer, Deep Thought. Deep Thought had been built to give the answer to the "Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything". It gave the answer as "42". The creators of Deep Thought were disappointed and Deep Thought was then instructed to design the Earth supercomputer to determine what the question actually is.


title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

text: The Earth was destroyed by the Vogons just before its calculations were due to complete. Arthur becomes the target of the descendants of the Deep Thought creators, believing his mind must hold the Question. With his friends' help, Arthur escapes and they decide to have lunch at The Restaurant at the End of the Universe. They have more adventures.


title: Crying Indian public service announcement

text: The Crying Indian ad was a public service announcement that was on television starting in 1971. A group called Keep America Beautiful made the ad. It showed a Native American person crying when he saw people throw garbage out of their cars.


text: In 1953, the American Can Company and Owens-Illinois Glass Company and other companies started Keep America Beautiful. Later, Owens-Illinois would own Dixie Cup Company. Television stations played it so much that their copies of the film wore out and they had to get new ones.


text: The Advertising Council helped make ads for Keep America Beautiful. The Advertising Council had already made Smoky the Bear for the U.S. Forest Service. Smokey the Bear tells people "Only You Can Prevent Forest Fires." The Council decided their ad for Keep America Beautiful should be like the Smokey the Bear ads: It should tell people that their own choices solve problems.


text: Before the Crying Indian ad, Keep America Beautiful used a character called "Susan Spotless." This was a young white girl in a white dress who shook her finger at adults who littered and told them to stop: "Daddy, you forgot . . . every litter bit hurts!" (In American English, some children say "litter" with an R sound when they mean "little.") The idea was that parents should be ashamed to teach their children to litter.


text: In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the idea that the environment must be protected became strong in America. Many of the protesters just before the first Earth Day talked about throwaway containers. For example, students from the University of Michigan put a big pile of empty drink containers on the ground outside the offices of the National Soft Drink Association.


text: The hippies of the 1960s liked the idea of Native Americans. In 1967, "Life" wrote that hippies saw "the dispossessed Indian as America’s original dropout, and convinced that he has deeper spiritual values than the rest of society, hippies have taken to wearing his costume and horning in on his customs," meaning that hippies wanted to copy American Indians.


text: The companies behind Keep America Beautiful did not want the government to pass laws that would cost them money. For example, they wanted to stop laws that would make them sell drinks in reusable bottles. Throwaway bottles were cheaper. Keep American Beautiful wanted voters to look at the ad and think people made pollution one person at a time. Keep America Beautiful did not want people to think that big companies made pollution.


text: The Ad Council started by talking about litter as something ugly and poor citizenship. They said that people who littered were thoughtless and careless and made the world ugly for other people. The Keep America Beautiful media fact sheet read that littering ruined "pleasure and recreation from their beautiful outdoors. . . . enjoyment of the natural and man- made attractions of our grand landscape is everywhere marred by the litter which careless people leave in their wake. ... The mountain of refuse keeps growing." They also said that litter cost money to clean up and could be bad for health.


text: In the Crying Indian ad, an actor called Iron Eyes Cody, dressed as a Native American, paddles a canoe through a stream. At first, the stream is clean and pretty but it becomes dirtier and full of garbage. He gets out of the stream and walks to a highway, where people throw garbage out of their cars. Then he slowly cries one tear. The tear is made of a drop of glycerin on the actor's face. A voice says, "Some people have a deep, abiding respect for the natural beauty that was once this country. And some people don't. ... People start pollution. People can stop it." The ad was on television starting in 1971. The group Keep America Beautiful paid for and made the ad. It was about littering. The ad won many awards, for example two Clio Awards. Television stations played it so much that their copies of the film wore out and they had to get new ones.


text: Keep America Beautiful was run by packaging and drink companies. They tried to stop the government from passing laws that would be good for the environment. For example, they wanted to stop laws that would make them sell drinks in reusable bottles. Throwaway bottles were cheaper. Keep American Beautiful wanted people to look at the ad and think individual people made pollution and not that big companies made pollution.


text: Trent University history professor Finis Dunaway says that the man in the Crying Indian ad "appears completely powerless. In the commercial, all he can do is lament the land his people lost," when, at the same time, real-life American Indians were working to solve their problems. At the same time the ad went on TV, groups of Native Americans had taken over Alcatraz.


text: Iron Eyes Cody was an actor who played Native Americans on television and in movies. He had already been in many movies and TV shows before the Crying Indian ad. Iron Eyes Cody said he was a Native American with a Cherokee father and Cree mother, but he was really Italian-American.


title: R. Budd Dwyer

text: Robert Budd Dwyer (November 21, 1939 – January 22, 1987) was an American politician. He served from 1971 to 1981 as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate representing the state's 50th district. He served as the 30th Treasurer of Pennsylvania from January 20, 1981 to January 22, 1987.


title: R. Budd Dwyer

text: On January 22, 1987, Dwyer called a news conference in the Pennsylvania state capital of Harrisburg where he killed himself in front of the gathered reporters with a .357 caliber revolver. Dwyer's suicide was also broadcast to a wide television audience across the state of Pennsylvania.


title: R. Budd Dwyer

text: In the early 1980s, Pennsylvania discovered its state workers had overpaid federal taxes due to errors in state withholding. Many accounting firms competed for a multimillion-dollar contract to determine compensation to each employee.


title: R. Budd Dwyer

text: In 1986, Dwyer was convicted of receiving a bribe from a California firm trying to gain the contract. Throughout his trial and after his conviction, he maintained that he was innocent of the charge and that he had been framed. Dwyer was scheduled to be sentenced on those charges on January 23, 1987, the day after his suicide.


title: Karen Bass

text: Karen Ruth Bass (born October 3, 1953) is an American politician who is the Mayor of Los Angeles. She is the former U.S. Representative for California's 37th congressional district from 2013 to 2022. A Democrat, she previously represented the 33rd congressional district from 2011 to 2013.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass represented the 47th district in the California State Assembly from 2004 to 2010. She served as the 67th Speaker of the California Assembly (2008–2010), and was the second woman and the third African American to be Speaker. Since 2019, Bass has also served as the chair of the Black Congressional Caucus.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass was a possible candidate to become Joe Biden's vice-presidential running mate in the 2020 election. In September 2021, Bass announced her retirement from the U.S. House in order to run for Mayor of Los Angeles. She won the mayoral election in November 2022, becoming the first female mayor and the second black mayor of the city.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents were Wilhelmina (née Duckett) and DeWitt Talmadge Bass. Her father was a letter carrier. She was raised in the Venice/Fairfax neighborhood and went to Hamilton High School. She studied philosophy at San Diego State University (1971–1973). Then, she got a B.S. in health sciences from California State University, Dominguez Hills (1990).


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass worked as a physician assistant and as a clinical instructor at the USC Keck School of Medicine Physician Assistant Program. Bass also founded Community Coalition, an organization in South Los Angeles. Later on, in 2015, Bass earned a Master's degree in social work from the University of Southern California (USC).


title: Karen Bass

text: As the Assemblymember for the 37th district, Bass served the cities and communities of Culver City, West Los Angeles, Westwood, Cheviot Hills, Leimert Park, Baldwin Hills, View Park-Windsor Hills, Ladera Heights, the Crenshaw District, Little Ethiopia and parts of Koreatown and South Los Angeles.


title: Karen Bass

text: She was a part of Barack Obama's national African American Leadership Council. She also served as a california co-chair of Obama's 2008 presidential campaign.


title: Karen Bass

text: Speaker Fabian Núñez appointed Bass California State Assembly Majority Whip (2005–2006) and Majority Floor Leader for the 2007–2008 legislative session. She was chair of the Select Committee on Foster Care and vice chair of the Legislative Black Caucus.


title: Karen Bass

text: As chair of the Legislative Black Caucus, she ordered a report to research the basic demographic profile of black californians. The report included their basic social and economic conditions. The State of Black California report included a statewide organizing effort to involve black californians in identifying their concerns and making legislative recommendations.


title: Karen Bass

text: After the defeat of Proposition 93, Speaker Fabian Núñez left the Assembly at the end of the 2007-2008 session because of term limits. As the next-highest-ranking Democrat in the Assembly, Bass was in a good position to take the role. After gaining the support of some other Legislators who had also been seeking the Speakership, Bass was elected Speaker on February 28, 2008 and then sworn in as Speaker on May 13.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass could not run for reelection in the California Assembly 2010 due to term limits. On February 18, 2010, she confirmed that she would run to succeed retiring U.S. Representative Diane Watson in California's 33rd congressional district. Bass won the election with over 86% of the vote, beating Republican James Andion on November 2, 2010.


title: Karen Bass

text: In 2012 she had no primary opponent, and won the general election with 86%. She raised $692,988.53 and spent $803,966.15, leaving $52,384.92 on hand and a debt of $3,297.59.


title: Karen Bass

text: In July 2020, Bass was discussed as a potential running mate for Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass won the election, beating real estate businessman Rick Caruso, to become the first woman and second black mayor of Los Angeles.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass is generally considered a liberal, with ratings of 100% or close from liberal interest group capitol Weekly Positions. Conservative groups like the California Republican Assembly Positions have consistently awarded her a 0%.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass is a very strong supporter of gun control. Her National Rifle Association Political Victory Fund Lifetime Score is an F. The Gun Owners of California Positions on Gun Rights have also given Bass an F. Congresswoman Bass recently has voted against the National Right-to-Carry Reciprocity Act that would reduce general gun control laws. In 2010, while campaigning for Congress Bass supported the expanded firearm registration bill. That bill, with other rules, would have made all gun dealers report their sales to the Department of Justice.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass, once considered a social liberal, has seen her ratings go down with LGBT organizations. She once had a 100% rating with the Human Rights Campaign but now ranks below most Democrats with a score of 88%. She is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus.


title: Karen Bass

text: From 1980 to 1986, Bass was married to Jesus Lechuga. Following their divorce, Bass and Lechuga raised their daughter and four stepchildren together.


title: Karen Bass

text: Bass suffered the death of her only child, daughter Emilia Wright, and her son-in-law Michael Wright, in a car accident in 2006.


title: Ian Rush

text: Ian Rush (born 20 October 1961) is a former Welsh international football player, who notably played for Liverpool and Juventus.


title: Ian Rush

text: When he retired from playing, he returned to his first club and managed Chester City before going on to work on television.


title: Humayun's Tomb

text: Humayun's tomb (Hindustani: "Maqbara-i Humayun") is the tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum (also known as Haji Begum), in 1569-70, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad, Persian architects chosen by her. The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.


title: Prada

text: Prada is an Italian fashion company (also known as a "fashion label" or "fashion house"). It has shops and products around the world.


title: Prada

text: The company, originally named Prada Brothers, was started in 1913 by Mario Prada in Milan, Italy. Mario Prada did not believe that women should have a role in business and prevented any female family members from joining his company.


title: Prada

text: However when he died in 1958, his son had no interest in running the company so his daughter, Luisa Prada, took over and ran the company until 1978.


title: Prada

text: Miuccia Prada, Luisa’s daughter, took over then and has been running the company since. Miuccia made the company bigger by giving it a more bohemian style.


title: Prada

text: Miu Miu is a second clothing, which is often simpler, and fits with the 'high' image of vintage items. Miu Miu is the nickname of Miuccia Prada when she was a child. After, Prada Sport 'Linea Rossa' was made.


title: Prada

text: After many other fashion companies started to buy or join with many other fashion companies, Prada tried to do the same thing. It went into debt so that it could buy Fendi in the early 1990s. Fendi was not making much money, and needed help. Prada could not help Fendi, so it sold it to LVMH. Prada is still in debt after buying Fendi. In 1999, the company bought "Church's", an English company that makes quality shoes. More recently 45% of "Church's" has been sold to Equinox.


title: Prada

text: Other big buys by Prada in the 1990s were Helmut Lang and Jil Sander. However, by 2006, Prada had sold both. Jil Sander was sold to 'Change Capital Partners', which is run by Luc Vandevelde (the chairman of Carrefour). Helmut Lang is now owned by Japanese fashion company 'Link Theory'.


title: Prada

text: In May 2007, Prada and mobile phone maker LG Electronics worked together to make the LG Prada (KE850) phone. The phones were sold for $800 each.


title: Prada

text: The Prada Foundation () is a foundation dedicated to contemporary art and culture. It was founded in 1993. It is run by Miuccia Prada and Patrizio Bertelli. The foundation promotes art exhibitions and movie festivals.


title: Prada

text: The main site of the foundation is in Milan on Largo Isarco. The foundation also has a special gallery for photographs in the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan and a site in Venice at the Palazzo Corner della Regina,


title: Prada

text: Prada has paid for several famous architects, the most famous are Rem Koolhaas and Herzog & de Meuron, to make their shops around the world.


title: Prada

text: In 2005, near the West Texas towns, Valentine and Marfa, two Scandinavian artists, Emily Milne and Zoe Brown, opened 'Prada Marfa', a sculpture of a Prada mini-boutique. The sculpture is on U.S. Highway 90 and is a long way from any other buildings. Prada helped pay for the building, which is 15 by 25-foot. The building does not actually sell clothes, but there are clothes in the window, as this is just for art.


title: Apollo 16

text: Apollo 16 was the tenth crewed space flight in NASA's Apollo program. It was the 5th of six Apollo missions to land on the Moon. It was a J-Type mission, as having a longer stay on the Moon. Launched on April 16, 1972, Ken Mattingly stayed in orbit around the Moon in the Apollo Command Module, "Casper". He spent 3 days, 9 hours and 28 minutes by himself, the longest solo US space flight. On the Moon, astronauts John Young and Charles Duke got to put the Lunar Roving Vehicle ("moon buggy") through a series of tests, including s-turns, hairpin turns and quick stops. John W. Young was the commander of the mission.


title: Apollo 16

text: A satellite was launched on the return journey to examine the Moon's mass and gravitation, space particles near the Moon, and the interaction of magnetic fields between the Moon and Earth. The mission was stopped one day early as there were several problems with the spacecraft.


title: Summary

text: A summary is a condensed explanation of an event, story, document, etc.. i.e. "summing up the facts." They are not constrained to any medium or topics. Not to be confused with abstract, which is a summary of a document. There are many different levels of summarization that can be done. The summarizer may choose any length, but the sumarees may not appreciate anything more than absolutely necessary to get the required facts.


title: Summary

text: Summaries help to spread information fast. They also help people make decisions on if it is something worth looking further into.


title: Summary

text: A quick "good/bad" can suffice in some situations. In other situations, the summary may rival the length of the original.


title: Summary

text: Many scientific journals publish a summary for every large article so people who do not have much time can read the main information quickly without spending too much time reading the article.


title: Boot device

text: A boot device is used to start a computer. It is named after a boot which fits on the foot. The word bootstrap is also closely related, and means, to use something simpler to get something more complex to make itself work better. It comes from the English phrase "pull yourself up by your own bootstraps."


title: Boot device

text: Before a computer can operate normally, it must have operating system instructions that tell it how to perform basic functions. A boot device loads the operating system into the memory of the computer.


title: Boot device

text: Devices that can boot a computer are usually boot disks or boot drives (normally a hard drive or Solid State Drive, but can be a floppy disk, flash drive or a CD). Some network computers use "boot chips" that get the operating system over a network. Web phones also use such chips to identify the user to the mobile phone network. Boot card standards may let many users boot kiosk computers with full privacy and access to all application software they own. There are also boot boards or boot "add-in" cards that are more permanent than boot cards.


title: Boot device

text: Some people refer to the boot device as just a boot and non-boot devices as data devices, although it is not the computer but the operating system that cares about the difference between these.


title: Boot device

text: The boot in boot device is the same as booting (or starting up). This is short for bootstrapping, or to start with simple stuff and make complex stuff out of it.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The Commonwealth of the Philippines (, ) was the name of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when it was still controlled by the United States. The Philippine Commonwealth had been created by the Tydings-McDuffie Act, which was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1934. When Manuel L. Quezon became president in 1935, he was the first Filipino to head an elected government in the Philippines.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The President of the Philippine Commonwealth had strong control of the islands and was guided by a Supreme Court. The National Assembly or law-making part of the government, members mostly come from the Nacionalista Party, was at first only one, but later became two, a lower part and a higher part. In 1937, the government chose Tagalog, the language of Manila, as the national language.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The Philippine Commonwealth government was forced out of the country from 1942–1945, when the Philippines was under Japanese control. In 1946, the Philippine Commonwealth ended when the Third Philippines Republic began.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The Philippine Commonwealth was also known as the Commonwealth of the Philippines, or simply as the Commonwealth. It had official names in Malasariling Pamahalan ng Pilipinas (pɪlɪˈpinɐs) and Mancomunidad Filipina (fɪlɪˈpinɐ). The 1935 constitution specifies Philippines as the country's short form name and uses Philippine Islands only to refer to pre-1935 status and institutions. Under the previous regime, known most formally as the Territory of the Philippine Islands, both terms had official status.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The Philippine Commonwealth had its own constitution, which remained effective until 1973, and was self-governing although foreign policy and military affairs would be under the responsibility of the United States, and certain legislation required the approval of the American President.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: It featured a very strong President, a single National Assembly, and a Supreme Court, all composed entirely of Filipinos, as well as an elected Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives (as Puerto Rico does today). An American High Commissioner and an American Military Advisor, were also present in the government while a Field Marshall was in charge of the Philippine Army.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: In 1939-40, after an amendment in the Constitution, an upper and lower Congress, consisting of a Philippine Senate, and of a House of Representatives, was restored replacing the National Assembly.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The pre-1935 U.S. territorial administration, or Insular Government, was headed by a governor general who was appointed by the president of the U.S. In December 1932, the U.S. Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act (First Philippine Independence Act) with the premise of granting Filipinos independence. Provisions of the bill included reserving several military and naval bases for the United States, as well as imposing tariffs and quotas on Philippine exports. It was vetoed by President Herbert Hoover but the American Congress overrode his veto in 1933 and passed the bill. The bill, however, was opposed by the then Philippine Senate President Manuel L. Quezon and was also rejected by the Philippine Senate.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: This led to the creation and passing of a new bill known as Tydings-McDuffie Act, or Philippine Independence Act, which allowed the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines with a 10-year period of peaceful transition to full independence. The Commonwealth was officially inaugurated on November 15, 1935.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: A Constitutional Convention was convened in Manila on July 30, 1934. On February 8, 1935, the 1935 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines was approved by the convention by a vote of 177 to 1. The constitution was approved by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 23, 1935 and ratified by popular vote on May 14, 1935.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: In October 1935, Philippine presidential elections were held. Candidates included former president Emilio Aguinaldo, the "Philippine Independent Church" leader Gregorio Aglipay, and others. Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña of the Nacionalista Party were proclaimed the winners, winning the seats of president and vice-president, respectively.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The Commonwealth Government was inaugurated on the morning of November 15, 1935, in ceremonies held on the steps of the Old Congress Building in Manila. The event was attended by a crowd of around 300,000 people.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The new government embarked on ambitious nation-building policies in preparation for economic and political independence. These included national defense (such as the National Defense Act of 1935, which organized a conscription for service in the country), greater control over the economy, the perfection of democratic institutions, reforms in education, improvement of transport, the promotion of local capital, industrialization, and the colonization of Mindanao.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: However, uncertainties, especially in the diplomatic and military situation in Southeast Asia, in the level of U.S. commitment to the future Republic of the Philippines, and in the economy due to the Great Depression, proved to be major problems. The situation was further complicated by the presence of agrarian unrest, and of power struggles between Osmeña and Quezon, especially after Quezon was permitted to be re-elected after one six-year term.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: A proper evaluation of the policies' effectiveness or failure is difficult due to Japanese invasion and occupation during World War II.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: Japan launched a surprise attack on the Philippines on December 8, 1941. The Philippine Commonwealth government drafted the Philippine Army into the U.S. Army Forces Far East, which would resist Japanese occupation. Manila was declared an open city to prevent its destruction, and it was occupied by the Japanese on January 2, 1942. Meanwhile, battles against the Japanese continued on the Bataan Peninsula, Corregidor, and Leyte, until the final surrender of United States-Philippine forces on May 1942.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: Quezon and Osmeña were escorted by troops from Manila to Corregidor, and later they left for Australia and then the U.S. There they set up a government in exile, which participated in the Pacific War Council as well as the Declaration by United Nations. During this exile, Quezon became ill with tuberculosis, and later he died of it. Osmeña replaced him as the president.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: Meanwhile, the Japanese military organized a new government in the Philippines known as the Second Philippine Republic, which was headed by president José P. Laurel. This government ended up being very unpopular.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The resistance to the Japanese occupation continued in the Philippines. This included the "Hukbalahap" ("People's Army Against the Japanese"), which consisted of 30,000 armed people and controlled much of Central Luzon. Remnants of the Philippine Army also fought the Japanese through guerrilla warfare, and it was successful, since all but 12 of the 48 provinces were liberated.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The American General Douglas MacArthur's army landed on Leyte on 20 October 1944, and they were all welcomed as liberators, along with Philippine Commonwealth troops when other amphibious landings soon followed. Fighting continued in remote corners of the Philippines, until Japan's surrender in August 1945, which was signed on 2 September in Tokyo Bay. Estimates for Filipino casualties reached one million, and Manila was extensively damaged when certain Japanese forces refused to vacate the city (against their orders from the Japanese High Command).


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: After the War in the Philippines, the Philippine Commonwealth was restored, and a one-year transitional period in preparation for independence began. Elections followed in April 1946 with Manuel Roxas winning as the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines and Elpidio Quirino winning as vice-president. In spite of the years of Japanese occupation, the Philippines became independent exactly as scheduled a decade before, on July 4, 1946.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The Commonwealth ended when the U.S. recognized Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, as scheduled. However, the economy remained dependent to the U.S. This was due to the Bell Trade Act, otherwise known as the Philippine Trade Act, which was a precondition for receiving war rehabilitation grants from the United States.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: At the time, tenant farmers held grievances often rooted to debt caused by the sharecropping system, as well as by the dramatic increase in population, which added economic pressure to the tenant farmers' families. As a result, an agrarian reform program was initiated by the Commonwealth. However, success of the program was hampered by ongoing clashes between tenants and landowners.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: An example of these clashes includes one initiated by Benigno Ramos through his "Sakdalista" movement, which advocated tax reductions, land reforms, the breakup of the large estates or "haciendas", and the severing of American ties. The uprising, which occurred in Central Luzon in May 1935, claimed about a hundred lives.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: Due to the diverse number of Philippine languages, a program for the "development and adoption of a common national language based on the existing native dialects" was drafted in the 1935 Philippine constitution. The Commonwealth created a "Surian ng Wikang Pambansa" (National Language Institute), which was composed of Quezon and six other members from various ethnic groups. A deliberation was held, and the Tagalog (due to its extensive literary tradition) was selected as the basis for the "national language" to be called "Philipino".


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: In 1940, the Commonwealth authorized the creation of a dictionary and grammar book for the language. On the same year, Commonwealth Act 570 was passed, allowing Pilipino to become an official language upon independence.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: The economy of the Commonwealth was mostly based on farming, as agriculture-based. Farmers grew abaca, coconuts and coconut oil, sugar, and timber trees. Other foreign income came from money spent at the American army, navy, and air bases in the Philippines, such as the naval base at Subic Bay and Clark Air Base. The economy was good until World War II stopped growth.


title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: In 1941, the estimated population of the Philippines reached 17,000,000 while Manila's population was 684,000. The number of Chinese people rose to 117,000. There were also 30,000 Japanese people, with 20,000 living in Davao, and 9,000 U.S.-Mexicans. English was spoken by 27% of the population. Spanish was spoken by only 3%.


title: Cunt

text: Cunt is an abusive word that is used against people as an insult. It can also be slang, for the vagina, or vulva.


title: Kunya

text: A kunya (Arabic:كنية) is a name which is honorably given to an Arab mother or father. Kunya is pronounced koon-ya. Parents are called by their kunyas, which consists of "abu" (father) or "umm" (mother) followed by the name of their first son or daughter. Their whole name is their name plus their kunya. For example, "Umm Ja'far Aminah" means "the mother of Ja'far, Aminah." The kunya precedes the personal name.


title: Cunt

text: Unlike many words of profanity that came from Anglo-Saxon, this word came from a Latin one ("cuneus", meaning a wedge shape). After the Norman invasion of England, it replaced the native word for vagina, 'mægþblæd'.


title: 2b2t

text: 2builders2tools (2b2t) is a "Minecraft" multiplayer game server founded in 2010 by an unknown owner, known online as "Hausemaster". 2b2t is one of the oldest servers in Minecraft. 2b2t is also the oldest server in Minecraft where there are no rules, which "Minecraft" players like to call an "anarchy server". The server is running on the same map without a single reset since its creation, with its Spawn area being extremely damaged. The server has no rules, cheating and griefing are common, in addition to violence and racism in the game chat. The server became famous among the players of Minecraft thanks to its chaotic nature. According to the owner of 2b2t, as of March 2021, the server is over 10,300 gigabytes in size, and had over 600,000 players visiting at least once. The server is also a viral topic on YouTube, with videos about it reaching millions of views on that website.


title: 2b2t

text: The "Minecraft" server 2b2t.org was founded in 2010 by an unknown owner, known online as "Hausemaster". It was advertised on 4chan and Reddit. Members from different forums launched raids against each other and their work. YouTuber TheCampingRusher uploaded a YouTube video on June 1, 2016, where he played on 2b2t. This caused a conflict on the server known as "The Rusher War". A queue to enter the server was soon added due to the massive influx of new players caused by the video's popularity. Players can also pay $20 to access a separate priority queue for a month.


title: 2b2t

text: Since its creation, the server gained attention from the news. Articles were created about 2b2t on "Kotaku, Vice, IGN, Newsweek" and "The Independent". In the book "Master Builder 3.0 Advanced", in April 2015, 2b2t was described as crazy, that it can get "outright wild," and that the server is a "nightmare wasteland." The book also stated that it is known as "online royalty" among "Minecraft" servers.


title: Mountain range

text: A mountain range (mountain chain, mountain belt) is a geographic area with many mountains. A 'mountain system' or 'system of mountain ranges' includes geological features that are in the same region as a mountain range.


title: Mountain range

text: Mountain ranges usually include highlands or mountain passes and valleys. Individual mountains in the same range do not always have the same geology or petrology. They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terrains, for example thrust sheets, uplifted blocks, fold mountains, and volcanic landforms. This results in a variety of rock types.


title: Mountain range

text: Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either in the Pacific Ring of Fire or the Alpide Belt. The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the Andes of South America, extends through the North American Cordillera along the Pacific Coast, the Aleutian Range, on through Kamchatka, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, to New Zealand. The Andes is long and is often described as the world's longest mountain system.


title: Mountain range

text: The Alpide belt includes Indonesia and southeast Asia, through the Himalayas, and ends in the Alps. The belt also includes other European and Asian mountain ranges. The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest, at of elevation.


title: Mountain range

text: Mountain ranges outside of these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera, the world's northernmost mountain system. If the definition of a mountain range includes underwater mountains, then the ocean ridges form the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of .


title: Mountain range

text: Many mountain ranges have sub-ranges within them. It can be thought of as a parent-child relationship. For example, the Appalachian Mountains range is the parent of its own ranges, two of which are the White Mountains and the Blue Ridge Mountains. The White Mountains are a child of the Appalachians, and there are also children of the Whites, like the Sandwich Range and the Presidential Range.


title: Mountain range

text: The position of mountains influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools producing precipitation (rain or snow). As the air descends on the leeward side, it warms again and is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a rain shadow will occur on the leeward side of a range.


title: Mountain range

text: Mountain ranges are always being eroded. Erosion is at work while the mountains are being uplifted and long after until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains. The basins next to an eroding mountain range are filled with sediments which are buried and turned into sedimentary rock.


title: Mountain range

text: The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado are an example. As the uplift was occurring some of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to the east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift.


title: Crisis of the Third Century

text: The Crisis of the Third Century (235–284 AD) was a period in which the Roman Empire almost collapsed. There were invasions, civil war, plague, and the economy collapsed. The crisis is sometimes called the "Military Anarchy" or "Imperial Crisis".


title: Crisis of the Third Century

text: The crisis began with the assassination of Emperor Alexander Severus at the hands of his own troops in 235 AD. This started a fifty-year period in which 20–25 rivals struggled for the throne. Most were important Roman Army generals who took control over all or part of the Empire.


title: Crisis of the Third Century

text: By 258–260, the Empire had split into three competing states. There was the Gallic Empire, which included the Roman provinces of Gaul, Britannia and Hispania, and the Palmyrene Empire, with the eastern provinces of Syria Palaestina and Aegyptus. These became independent of the Italian Roman Empire proper, which stood between them. The crisis ended with the ascension of Diocletian in 284.


title: Crisis of the Third Century

text: The crisis resulted in many changes to the Empire's institutions, society, economic life and, eventually, religion. It was a transition period between classical antiquity and late antiquity.


title: Basal ganglia

text: The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are three areas under the cerebral cortex. They are part of the cerebrum (forebrain), and connected to the midbrain and the thalamus. They are vital to movement, and damage here results in damaged ability to move.


title: Basal ganglia

text: The range of behaviours controlled by the nuclei is wide. They control eye movements. They do voluntary motor control, learning procedures for routine behaviors or "habits", and cognitive emotional functions.


title: Basal ganglia

text: The basal ganglia also control motivation. They select actions, that is, the choice of what to do at a given time. Experimental studies show that the basal ganglia inhibit (suppress) a number of motor systems. A release of this inhibition lets a motor system act. This "behaviour switching" is influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in doing things.


title: Basal ganglia

text: The basal ganglia form one of the basic components of the forebrain, and can be recognized in all species of vertebrates. Even in the lamprey (one of the most primitive vertebrates) striatal, pallidal, and nigral elements can be identified by their anatomy and histochemistry.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: Jair Messias Bolsonaro (born March 21, 1955) is a Brazilian politician. He is the 38th and current President of Brazil since 2019. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1991 until he became president in 2019. He was also a member of the Social Liberal Party (PSL) until he formed his own party, Alliance for Brazil, in November 2019. He is known for his far-right and populist political views. He narrowly lost re-election in the 2022 general election winning 49% of the vote.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: Bolsonaro was the PSL's presidential candidate in the 2018 Brazilian presidential election. He came in first place in the first round of the general election on 7 October 2018, with PT candidate Fernando Haddad coming in second place. The two candidates faced again on 28 October with Bolsonaro winning the election.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: On September 6, 2018, Bolsonaro was stabbed multiple times while at a campaign rally in Juiz de Fora. Parts of Bolsonaro's liver, lung and intestine were damaged. He was hospitalized under "extremely stable" condition and released almost a month later on September 29.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: Bolsonaro was a open supporter of the military regime in Brazil in 1964. During the impeachment voting session of former President Dilma Rousseff, in his speech, Bolsonaro honored Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, a widely known military colonel in Brazil by have been a torturer of militants and protesters in the Brazilian military dictatorship period.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: In a television interview in the 1990s for the popular magazine "Veja", he also made controversial declarations about the Pinochet's military dictatorship in Chile, praising the Chilean dictator and stating that "the regime should have acted more violently to restore the country.".


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: Bolsonaro is also notorious for his public speeches, which are perceived as being intolerant. He already spoke against minorities in certain occasions, particularly the LGBT (gay) community. In an interview for the documentary "Out There", made by British actor and comedian Stephen Fry, which deals with the rise of homophobia in the world, and aired on the BBC in 2013, the then congressman stated: "No father is proud to have a gay son... We, Brazilians, don't like homosexuals. Not to like isn't the same as to hate.", he added. In a comment about what he heard, Fry said: "Bolsonaro is the typical homophobic that I found around the world, with his mantra that gays want to dominate society, recruit children or abuse them. Even in a progressive country like Brazil, its lies create hysteria among the ignorant, from where violence can arise."


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: As president, Bolsonaro has downplayed the deadliness of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. He said that the virus is no more deadly than the common flu. On 7 July 2020, Bolsonaro revealed that he had tested positive for COVID-19.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: Since 2019, Bolsonaro has faced four separate accusations for crimes against humanity. He is under investigation before the International Criminal Court in The Hague for crimes against humanity, genocide of indigenous peoples and ecocide.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: Bolsonaro is running for re-election in the 2022 election, with his main opponent being former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Bolsonaro did not pick Hamilton Mourão as his running mate again, instead choosing General Walter Braga Netto. Throughout the election period, Bolsonaro has said that should he lose, the election would be corrupt and rigged against him. His actions have been compared to former U.S. President Donald Trump's attempts to overturn the results of the 2020 election.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: On 2 October 2022, Bolsonaro advanced to the run-off election on 30 October against Lula. Lula won 48.43% of the vote against Bolsonaro's 43.20%.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: Lula was elected in the second round on 30 October, with Bolsonaro becoming the first Brazilian president to lose re-election.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: An ardent anti-communist, Bolsonaro's positions are often viewed as conservative, populist, nationalist, and are commonly associated with far-right politics, he, however, denies those statements, saying he's aligned with traditional moderate right-wing ideals. He has described himself as being a pro-life, pro-gun and anti-establishment politician.


title: Jair Bolsonaro

text: Bolsonaro is a strong opponent of left-wing policies, most notably same-sex marriage, secularism, drug legalization, abortion and environmental preservation. Regarding economic matters, he has advocated for liberal and free-market policies.


title: Visigoths

text: The Visigoths ("Western Goths") were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe (the Ostrogoths were the other). Both were among the loosely-defined Germanic tribes that fought the Roman Empire during the Migration Period.


title: Visigoths

text: Most famously, a Visigothic force, led by King Alaric I, succeeded in storming Rome in 410 AD. Later Visigothic kings ruled southern Gaul, and Hispania after they had taken it from the Alans and the Vandals.


title: Visigoths

text: After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Visigoths played a major role in southwestern Europe for another 250 years and adopted Roman culture and clothing.


title: Washington Commanders

text: The Washington Commanders are a professional American football team based in the Washington, D.C. area. The team plays at FedExField in Landover, Maryland. The team's head office and training area are at Redskin Park in Ashburn, Virginia. They are part of the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL).


title: Washington Commanders

text: The team began in Boston in 1932. They were first named for the Boston Braves baseball team. They were soon renamed the "Redskins." They kept that nickname after moving to Washington in the late 1930s. Native Americans and others said this word was insulting to Native Americans. There were protests and legal challenges, but the team kept the name for many years.


title: Washington Commanders

text: On June 18, 2014, the United States Patent Office decided that they were going to cancel the Redskins trademarks and called the name "disparaging to Native Americans."


title: Washington Commanders

text: In June 2020, 87 of the team's sponsors wrote a letter asking the team to change its name. PepsiCo, Nike, and FedEx were three of these sponsors. Together those three companies pay more than US$600 million to show their products and services next to the team. That summer, the team announced that there would be a review of the name. On July 13, 2020, the team officially retired the "Redskins" name, although they did not choose a new team name at that time. The team played the 2020 and 2021 seasons as the Washington Football Team.


title: Washington Commanders

text: The team hired John Wright to find a new name. He spoke to fans, former players, and some Native Americans. Fans liked the name "Red Wolves," but too many other teams already legally owned names and pictures that were like "Red Wolves." On February 2, 2022, Wright went on the Today Show. He said the new name would be "Washington Commanders" and showed everyone the new team uniforms.


title: Washington Commanders

text: Some Native American leaders, for example Fawn Sharp of the National Congress of American Indians, said the team also should have apologized for using the name for so long and making so much money with it. Others said it was a step in the right direction.


title: MSNBC

text: MSNBC is an American cable news channel started by NBCUniversal (NBC) and Microsoft (MSN), thus the name MSNBC. It was started in 1996. It is produced by NBC's news division, NBC News. It replaced a channel Roger Ailes operated and founded for NBC called America's Talking, which launched in 1994.


title: MSNBC

text: Most of its shows are shows that talk about news and politics, and are hosted by people such as Joy Reid, Rachel Maddow, Chris Hayes and Lawrence O’Donnell. There have been accusations of liberal bias made about MSNBC. MSNBC's motto is "Lean Forward", suggesting a progressive political stance.


title: Pink Panther: Pinkadelic Pursuit

text: Pink Panther: Pinkadelic Pursuit is a tridimensional platform video game developed by Wanadoo. It was released for PlayStation, Microsoft Windows and Game Boy Advance on November 22, 2002.


title: Mithril

text: "Mithril" is the strongest metal known in Middle-earth. It looks similar to silver. It does not weigh much, and it is easy to make into things. "Mithril" is very rare and precious. It was only found in Khazad-dûm (Moria), where it was mined by the Dwarves, and (perhaps) in Númenor.


title: Mithril

text: The name ""mithril"" comes from the Sindarin words "mith", meaning "grey", and "ril" meaning "glitter". In Quenya, its name is "mistarille". "Mithril" was also called "true-silver" or "Moria-silver".


title: Mithril

text: "Mithril" is now often used in other fictional works, usually as a strong and magical metal. It other fictional works, "mithril" it is also sometimes written differently, for example as "mythril" or "mithral".


title: York Minster

text: York Minster is the largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe. The title "Minster" is given to churches which in the Anglo-Saxon period were missionary teaching churches.


title: York Minster

text: York Minster is in the city of York, North Yorkshire, England. It is the 'seat' of the Archbishop of York, the second-highest-ranking bishop in the Church of England. The Minster is run by a Chapter (committee) under the Dean of York, who manages the affairs of the Minster. The current archbishop (since 2005) is Dr. John Sentamu.


title: York Minster

text: The architecture of the Minster is English Gothic architecture, from Early English in 1270 to Perpendicular in 1472. The Minster has a wide, Decorated Gothic nave (where the congregation sits) and Chapter house. The choir (spelled 'quire' by the church) is slightly later English Gothic architecture. The east end, and north and south transepts are in a similar style. The nave contains the West Window, constructed in 1338.


title: York Minster

text: Some of the stained glass in York Minster dates back to the twelfth century. Over the Lady Chapel in the east end is the Great East Window (finished in 1408), one of the largest areas of mediaeval stained glass in the world. The window is known to be the work of John Thornton of Coventry a master glazier and stained glass artist who was active in England during the first half of the 15th century.


title: York Minster

text: In the north transept is the Five Sisters Window, each narrow window being over high. The south transept contains the famous Rose window. About 2 million individual pieces of glass make up the cathedral's 128 stained glass windows. Much of the glass was removed before and pieced back together after the First and Second World Wars, and the windows are constantly being cleaned and restored to keep their beauty intact.


title: York Minster

text: A total of seven clock bells, 14 change ringing bells and 22 carillon bells are lodged in the towers. The carillon bells are played on a baton keyboard in the ringing chamber. The largest bell is Great Peter, which strikes the hour. It weighs 10.8 tons.


title: York Minster

text: York has had a Christian presence from the 300s. The first church on the site was a wooden structure built hurriedly in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria. A stone building was completed in 637, and was dedicated to Saint Peter. Its school and library were started in the 7th century.


title: York Minster

text: In 741 the church was destroyed in a fire. It was rebuilt as a bigger building, with thirty altars. The church and the entire area then passed through the hands of Norse invaders. The Benedictine archbishop Ealdred travelled to Westminster to crown William in 1066. Ealdred died in 1069 and was buried in the church.


title: York Minster

text: The church was damaged in 1069, but the first Norman archbishop, arriving in 1070, organised repairs. The Danes destroyed the church in 1075, but it was again rebuilt from 1080. Built in the Norman style, it was 111 m (364.173 ft) long. The new structure was damaged by fire in 1137 but was soon repaired. The choir and crypt were remodelled in 1154, and a new chapel was built, all in the Norman style.


title: York Minster

text: The Gothic style in cathedrals had arrived in the mid 12th century. Walter de Gray was made archbishop in 1215 and ordered the construction of a Gothic structure to compare with Canterbury; building began in 1220. The cathedral was declared complete and consecrated in 1472.


title: York Minster

text: The English Reformation led to the first Anglican archbishop. Some of the cathedral's treasures were taken by the Crown, and the church lost some of its land. Under Elizabeth I there was an effort to remove all traces of the Roman Catholic Church from the cathedral; there was much destruction of tombs, windows, and altars. In the English Civil War the city was besieged and fell to the forces of Cromwell in 1644, but Thomas Fairfax prevented any further damage to the cathedral.


title: 50 (number)

text: The prime factors of fifty are 2 and 5. (2 * 5 * 5 = 50) The factors of 50 are 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50. 5*10=50. 50 is the smallest number that can be written as the sum of two squares in two distinct ways: 50=1+7=5+5. Also, 50 is one-half of 100 or half of a century (a century is 100 years).


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: Sina Ghaemizadeh (born 31 August 1986 in Tehran) is an iranian director and cameraman and photographer and Producer and singer.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: He is a teacher of visual arts courses. He is currently also a producer in the music market. Directed by Mohsen Ebrahimzadeh, singer Ali Lohrasbi and Reza Sadeghi,Sina Shabankhani,Mehdi Yaghmaei has been in charge of this.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: Sina Ghaemizadeh born 30 September 1986 in Tehran, Iran. He is a professional director and photographer who makes teasers and music videos. But it is not unreasonable to expect that he will also be a professional photographer.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: Ghaemizadeh has a bachelor's degree in hardware and computer systems, which has nothing to do with his field of work, which is noteworthy for young people who say that the field of study should be the same as business. Due to his great interest in the field of art and photography, he started his career in experimental studios and photography centers.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: He opened his specialized photography and filming school in 2007 and currently manages the strongest performing arts training complex in Alborz province.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: Has a hardware expert and a senior computer systems. Single . Given that his field of study is unrelated to his job and profession. Experimentally in different studios, he specialized in different photography studios in Tehran and in the Radio and Television Center, etc. Most of the videos made by him and his appearance in the field of images are with Mohsen Ebrahimzadeh. In more than 100 concerts, Mohsen Ebrahimzadeh has been in charge of filming concerts.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: He is one of the instructors of visual arts courses in Iran and has held many classes in this field. Performs these types of projects.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: He has also directed and edited the music video of many people. For the article, we can refer to the music videos of Mohsen Ebrahimzadeh, who is one of the famous singers in Iran, or Ali Lohrasbi and Reza Sadeghi. Sina Shabankhani. Mehdi Yaghmaei and have collaborated and made video clips of the mentioned singers.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: He established his official school in Iran in 2007. In this art school, he teaches sound editing, video recording and music video. The first Sina company, which was established in Alborz province, became one of the best in Alborz province in Recognize consecutive.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: Sina Ghaemizadeh's popularity today has been due to his long-term activity with Mohsen Ebrahimzadeh in the music industry and the production of his music videos. Remind.


title: Sina Ghaemizadeh

text: He is still trying to be able to do more useful things and take responsibility for them so that in addition to fame, he can keep people happy and make them happy.


title: N'Golo Kanté

text: N'Golo Kanté (; born 29 March 1991) is a French football player. He plays for both Chelsea Football Club and the French national team.


title: N'Golo Kanté

text: He made his name in the English Premier League with Leicester City. They won the league on 2015/16, largely because his tackles in midfield and passes to Jamie Vardy created so many goals.


title: N'Golo Kanté

text: Chelsea bought him next year (2016/17) for £32 million, and they also won the league that year. Since then opposing sides have adjusted to his particular skills, and he has been somewhat less successful. Nevertheless, his performance has been extraordinary as a midfielder only 5'6" tall in an era where most defenders are much taller.


title: N'Golo Kanté

text: Kanté made his senior international debut for France in 2016. In 2017 Kanté was named the French Player of the Year, a first for a player from the Premier League in seven years. 12 months later he was a key member of the 2018 FIFA World Cup winning squad.


title: Japanese food

text: Japanese food includes the many different styles of cooking in Japan. Every region in Japan has its own tradition about cooking. Foods eaten in Japan also reflect the history of the cultural exchange between Japan and other culture. Since the modern times, the influence of the West inspired Japanese culinary tradition to invent new dishes, some of which have become popular not only inside Japan but also outside. However, most of the culinary traditions of Japan commonly think that seasonality is important.