title: Eurovision Song Contest 2022

text: 18 countries performed in the first semi-final on 12 May 2022. 10 countries qualified, the other 8 missed the spot for the Grand Final.


title: Eurovision Song Contest 2022

text: The Final took place on 14 May 2022. Twenty-five countries participated in the final, composing of the "Big Five" (among which is the host country Italy) and the qualifiers from each semi-final. All the 40 participating countries voted in the final. The host country Italy performed 9th in the final, which was decided by the production team.


title: Slumdog Millionaire

text: Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British-Indian drama movie based on Vikas Swarup's novel "Q&A" and directed by Danny Boyle. The movie has a different story from the book. It follows a homeless Mumbai resident who becomes a contestant for the game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?".


title: Scantron

text: Scantron is a company from Eagan, Minnesota, USA, that makes and sells machine-readable papers on which students mark answers to test questions, the machines to check those answers, survey and test scoring systems, systems for school attendance (with a mark meaning a missing student) and image-based data collection software and scanners.


title: Scantron

text: A Scantron test scoring system is a multiple-choice, fill-in-the-bubble form. It can have different length and width, from one column, 15-answer tests, to several 8.5×11-inch pages used in standardized testing, such as the SAT and the ACT.


title: Scantron

text: Students often use Scantrons on finals, midterms, standardized tests, such as the SAT and ACT, etc. Students fill in the appropriate bubble corresponding to their answer. Scantrons are then fed through a machine that grades them. The Scantron is a very progressive form of grading. It eliminates human error on the grader's behalf, and takes much less time.


title: Scantron

text: The technology of this system dates back to the nineteenth century using optical mark recognition, telegraph lines, and punch tape. Students ranging from elementary school through college know how to use these forms. However, Learner Response Systems are becoming more popular in the college setting and may soon make scantrons a thing of the past.


title: Waldemar de Brito

text: Waldemar de Brito (, 17 May 1913 – 21 February 1979) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. He is acknowledged to have discovered Pelé during the latter's early footballing days. His brother, Petronilho de Brito, was also a footballer. Regarded to be one of the best forwards of all time. De Brito was known as a goalscorer who beat any goalkeepers with his dribbling skills and beating opponents and he has been considered as one greatest dribblers in the 1930s.


title: Depeche Mode

text: Depeche Mode is an English band. They formed in Basildon, Essex in 1980. The band's name was taken from French fashion magazine, "Dépêche mode", which means "fashion update" or "fashion news dispatch". Depeche Mode became famous in the 1980s. The band has sold over 100 million records around the world.


title: Battle of Badr

text: The Battle of Badr (), was fought March 17, 624 CE of western Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia). It was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraysh in Mecca. The battle has been passed down in Islamic history as a decisive victory because of divine intervention. Also, it is attributed to the genius of Muhammad. Although it is one of the few battles specifically mentioned in the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an, virtually all contemporary knowledge of the battle at Badr comes from traditional Islamic accounts, both hadiths and biographies of Muhammad, written decades after the battle.


title: Mersenne prime

text: A Mersenne prime is a "Mersenne number" that is a prime number. This however, is not sufficient. Many mathematicians prefer the definition of a Mersenne number where exponent "n" has to be a prime number.


title: Mersenne prime

text: For example, "31 = 2 − 1", and 5 is a prime number, so 31 is a Mersenne number; and 31 is also a Mersenne prime because it is a prime number. But the Mersenne number "2047 = 2 − 1" is not a prime because it is divisible by 89 and 23. And "2 − 1 = 15" can be shown to be composite because 4 is not prime.


title: Mersenne prime

text: Throughout modern times, the largest known prime number has very often been a Mersenne prime. Most sources restrict the term "Mersenne number" to where "n" is prime, as all Mersenne primes must be of this form as seen below.


title: Mersenne prime

text: Mersenne primes have a close connection to perfect numbers, which are numbers equal to the sum of their proper divisors. Historically, the study of Mersenne primes was motivated by this connection; in the 4th century BC Euclid demonstrated that if "M" is a Mersenne prime then "M"("M"+1)/2 is a perfect number. In the 18th century, Leonhard Euler proved that all even perfect numbers have this form. No odd perfect numbers are known, and it is suspected that none exist (If it exist, it would have to be greater than 10).


title: Mersenne prime

text: It is currently unknown if there is an infinite number of Mersenne primes. Most mathematicians who have studied the question think there are an infinite number of Mersenne primes. Carl Pomerance, Samuel S. Wagstaff Jr. and Hendrik Lenstra developed a formula which they think should say about how many Mersenne primes there are under a given number.


title: Mersenne prime

text: The first four Mersenne primes were known by the Ancient Greeks. They are 3, 7, 31 and 127. The next, 8191, was discovered in 1456. Some people like trying to find big primes. Since there are tricks and algorithms to finding Mersenne primes quickly, the largest known primes are also Mersenne primes.


title: Mersenne prime

text: As of December 21, 2018, 51 Mersenne primes have been found. The largest known prime is a Mersenne prime, formula_1.


title: 1989 (Taylor Swift album)

text: 1989 is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The album was released on October 27, 2014 in the United States. The album debuted at number one in many countries around the world. "1989" was noted to be Swift's first "pop-sounding" album. The album was named after the year Swift was born and contains elements of music from that year.


title: 1989 (Taylor Swift album)

text: As of January 2016, six singles have been released. The first four were "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", "Style", and "Bad Blood". The first, second, and fourth singles all reached number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, while the third single reached number six. The fourth single, "Bad Blood", was also released as a remix featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar.


title: 1989 (Taylor Swift album)

text: The fifth single, "Wildest Dreams", reached number five on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and, like the previous singles from the album, topped "Billboard"'s Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) airplay chart. The music video for the sixth single, "Out of the Woods", premiered on New Year's Eve 2015 on the annual new-year countdown show, "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest", which was shown on ABC in the United States. This song has so far reached the top twenty on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. The last single is "New Romantics", a song from the deluxe edition of "1989". The song was released on February 23, 2016.


title: 1989 (Taylor Swift album)

text: The album generally received positive reviews from music critics, and it sold over 1.2 million copies in the United States in its first week. This is the largest first-week sales of any album since 2002. This record was beaten by English singer-songwriter Adele with her 2015 album, "25", which sold over 3 million copies in its first week in November 2015.


title: Underground Railroad

text: The Underground Railroad was a secret network of routes and safe houses in the United States. Black slaves used the Underground Railroad to escape from slavery. It was created in the early 1800s, and was at its biggest between 1850 and 1860. The term “Underground Railroad” also describes the abolitionists, both black and white, free and enslaved, who helped the slaves along the way.


title: Underground Railroad

text: Routes on the Underground Railroad led to free states, Canada, Mexico and overseas. While traveling along these routes, slaves received help from abolitionists and those who had sympathy to their cause. British North America was another popular stopping point. Slavery was not allowed there, and its long border gave many points of access. More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there using the network at its best, although U.S. Census statistics shows only 6,000.


title: David Blaine

text: David Blaine (born David Blaine White on April 4, 1973) is an American magician. He has set and broken several world records.


title: David Blaine

text: Blaine was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City. His father, William Perez, was a Vietnam veteran. His mother was Patrice Maureen White, a school teacher.


title: David Blaine

text: At the age of four, he saw a magician performing at a magic show in the subway, and became interested in the subject. Growing up, he was raised by his single mother. He attended many schools. When he was ten years old, his mother married another man, and the family moved to Little Falls, New Jersey.


title: David Blaine

text: Blaine has a half-brother named Michael James Bukalo. When he was 17 years old, he moved to Manhattan.


title: David Blaine

text: Blaine married Alizee Guinochet. They have one daughter, Dessa, who was born in January 2011. Blaine and Guinochet separated in 2014.


title: David Blaine

text: Since 1997 and throughout his life, Blaine has been doing all kinds of stunts. Some of them include (in time order):


title: David Blaine

text: Every year, David Blaine has traveled all across the country and the world to perform magic for children.


title: David Blaine

text: On January 15, 2010, David Blaine started performing "Magic For Haiti" in Times Square. He performed for 72 hours. He raised nearly one hundred thousand dollars.


title: David Blaine

text: David Blaine has traveled internationally. He has performed for President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, President George W. Bush, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld (at the Pentagon), Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Henry Kissinger, Bill Gates and Mayor Michael Bloomberg. He has also performed magic for the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev, the President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili, the President of Ukraine Victor Yanukovych, and the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. David Blaine has also performed for Lakshmi Mittal.


title: David Blaine

text: Blaine has performed for many other people, including Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Woody Allen, Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, and Muhammad Ali. Blaine has also performed magic alongside Michael Jackson.


title: Blue Angels

text: The Blue Angels are a group of special pilots who work for the US Navy. They fly F/A-18 fighter jet airplanes that are painted to look different from regular Navy planes. They are very famous. Almost every American has heard of them. The pilots of the Blue Angels are very good at what they do. They are able to fly very close to each other and do very difficult tricks. They are most famous for the flyovers they do at many American sporting events.


title: Lizzie Velasquez

text: Elizabeth Anne Velásquez (; born March 13, 1989) is an American woman whose rare medical condition has led her to become an author and public speaker.


title: Lizzie Velasquez

text: She was born on 13 March 1989. Her age was reported as 23 in September 2012, a time when she was near to finishing college from Texas State University majoring in communication studies. Her birth weight was only 2 pounds 11 ounces. She was raised by her mother Rita and father Guadalupe as their first child.She 2 younger sisters. She is from Austin, Texas.


title: Lizzie Velasquez

text: Only two other people in the world are known to have the condition she is living with. The oldest woman is called Amanda and lives in England, and the youngest Abigail in the same city as Lizzie (Austin,Texas). Lizzie has no body fat, and weighs only 61 pounds. She is blind in her right eye, and has limited vision in the left eye. Her condition is like some others, especially progeria. She has some symptoms seen in progeria, like the pointy nose and aging skin, but she has more medical problems as well but it is not expected to cause her to die. Doctors and experts at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center have named it as a neonatal progeroid syndrome (NPS) which has allowed her healthy bones, organs and teeth. She should be able to bear her own children who will not live with any of the conditions she has.


title: Lizzie Velasquez

text: At times she was left out and/or insulted by her peers, and has grown up to experience online bullying. Very often she has been stared at in public. It has not always been easy for her to deal with it. She wants people to know about her condition, and her motto is "Stop Staring, Start Learning."


title: Lizzie Velasquez

text: She has spoken at over 200 events as a motivational speaker, something she enjoys and wants to continue to do.


title: Lizzie Velasquez

text: The first book she wrote was her own life story up to 2010. Her mother and Cynthia Lee were its co-writers.


title: Lizzie Velasquez

text: Her second book, "Be Beautiful, Be You" came out in September 2012. It urges people to learn that it is not appearance which matters the most, and that people should love themselves for who they are.


title: Gertrude Weaver

text: Gertrude Weaver (July 4, 1898 – April 6, 2015) was an American supercentenarian. She was born in Arkansas near the border with Texas. Weaver was the verified oldest living person in the world from April 1 to April 6, 2015. Her age was validated in her 116th birthday by Gerontology Research Group.


title: Gertrude Weaver

text: She became the oldest living person in the United States upon the death of Dina Manfredini on December 17, 2012, and became the oldest living person in the world on April 1, 2015 following the death of Japanese woman Misao Okawa.


title: Gertrude Weaver

text: At the time of her death in April 2015, she was considered as the 7th-oldest validated person ever, and the 3rd-oldest person ever from the United States, after Sarah Knauss and Lucy Hannah. After Hannah's age was debunked in 2020, it turned out that she was in fact the 6th-oldest validated person ever as well as the 2nd-oldest person ever from the United States at the time of her death. As of 2022, she is the 3rd-oldest since her age was surpassed by Susannah Mushatt Jones.


title: Gertrude Weaver

text: On April 6, 2015, Gertrude Weaver died in Silver Oaks Health and Rehabilitation Center at the age of 116 from pneumonia. She was the last remaining undisputed person born in 1898.


title: Somewhere Only We Know

text: "Somewhere Only We Know" is a song by English band Keane. It is their third single. The song is played using a piano, drums and bass. The song was the first single from the album "Hopes and Fears". The single was very popular in the United Kingdom and world wide.


title: Somewhere Only We Know

text: The song was first played on the guitar, just before Dominic Scott left the band. It was recorded as a demo the same year with piano instead of the guitar. Keane recorded the final version in 2003 at the Helioscentric Studios, East Sussex for the album.


title: Somewhere Only We Know

text: The drummer for Keane, Richard Hughes, said that the band had been asked if the song was about a place. He said that Rice-Oxley had said that to the members of the band it might be about a place or a feeling. He also said that the song can mean something to each person and each person can relate the song to their own memories. He felt that the song was more of a theme than being about any single place or time.


title: Somewhere Only We Know

text: "Somewhere Only We Know" has been released two times as a single. Each time it had a different b-side.


title: Somewhere Only We Know

text: The lyrics of "Walnut Tree" talk about waiting for someone or something. Rice-Oxley has not talked about a real meaning to this. The song appeared on the "" soundtrack.


title: Somewhere Only We Know

text: "Snowed Under" talks about a place called "Manser's Shaw". This is a place where the band used to spent their days. It was inspired by a poem


title: Somewhere Only We Know

text: Keane comes out of a studio and takes a taxi. Then they come across a forest where the "simple thing" aliens live. Each alien represents the spirit of a tree. The video was directed by Colin Hardy.


title: Lawrence Kudlow

text: Lawrence Alan "Larry" Kudlow (born August 20, 1947) is an American conservative commentator, economic analyst, television personality, and newspaper columnist. He was the 12th Director of the National Economic Council from April 2, 2018 to January 20, 2021. He was the host of CNBC's "The Kudlow Report". As a syndicated columnist, his articles appear in numerous U.S. newspapers and web sites, including his own blog, "Kudlow's Money Politic$".


title: Lawrence Kudlow

text: In March 2018, President Donald Trump appointed Kudlow to be Director of the National Economic Council, replacing Gary Cohn.


title: Lawrence Kudlow

text: In 1970, while he was still a Democrat, Kudlow joined chair Joseph Duffey's "New Politics" senatorial campaign in Connecticut which also attracted an "A-list crowd of young Democrats", including Yale University law student Bill Clinton, John Podesta, and , another future conservative. Duffey was a leading anti-war politician during the Vietnam war era. Duffey's campaign manager called Kudlow a "brilliant organizer". In 1976, he worked on the U.S. Senate campaign of Daniel Patrick Moynihan, along with Tim Russert, against Conservative Party incumbent James L. Buckley, brother of William F. Buckley, Jr.


title: Lawrence Kudlow

text: Kudlow began his career as a staff economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, taking a position "as a junior economist in a job where a master's degree wasn't required". He worked in the division of the Fed that handled .


title: Lawrence Kudlow

text: During the first term of the Reagan administration (1981–1985), Kudlow was associate director for economics and planning in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), a part of the Executive Office of the President. In April 2005, New York Governor George Pataki included Kudlow in a six-member state tax commission.


title: Lawrence Kudlow

text: Kudlow's name was floated by Republicans as a potential Senate candidate in either or New York in 2016. In October 2015, U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal, in an email to supporters, attacked Kudlow as "a champion of big corporations and big money" despite Kudlow's not announcing a run. In early December 2015, Jack Fowler of "National Review" created a 527 organization that encouraged Kudlow to run.


title: Alexandre Dumas, père

text: Alexandre Dumas (born 24 July, 1802 at Villers-Cotterêts, died 5 December 1870 at Dieppe) was a French writer of Haitian descent. He is famous for writing "The Three Musketeers" (1844), "Queen Margot", "The Count of Monte Cristo" (1844-1845) and about the Man with the iron mask.


title: Alexandre Dumas, père

text: Dumas was the son of a general, who fought in the French Revolution. His father died and his mother raised him. They didn't have much money when he was growing up.


title: Alexandre Dumas, père

text: Dumas wrote his first plays in 1825 and 1826 after reading Shakespeare, Sir Walter Scott, Friedrich von Scholler and Lord Byron.


title: Alexandre Dumas, père

text: Dumas was also a gourmand (lover of food), and wrote Le Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine, an encyclopædia of food and cooking with 1152 pages. He finished it weeks before his death. It is not thought very reliable, because it relies on Dumas' opinions rather than fact.


title: Alexandre Dumas, père

text: Dumas was a member of the Club des Hashischins, or Hashish Club. This group of French writers experimented with hashish to get ideas.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Vitoria-Gasteiz is the capital of the Basque Country. It is in the north of Spain and was a little town until 1950. Since 1950 the city has changed a lot because of important industrialization.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The official name of the city is Vitoria-Gasteiz. People usually call it simply Vitoria or Gasteiz. In Basque it is called Gasteiz, and some Basque speakers call it Vitorixe.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: In 2010, Vitoria-Gasteiz had a population of more or less 240,000. Between 1960 and 1970, the city grew quickly as people arrived to work at the new and great industrial companies. Statistics say the population doubled between these dates, and this is the motive for a great transformation, not only demographic but social.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Later, in 1980, Vitoria-Gasteiz was named the Basque Country capital, and the new public institutions, the Basque Government and Basque Parliament were located in Vitoria. This was an important impetus for the tertiary sector. This, together with the great industrial firms were responsible for a big social change in the city.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: There has been another change in the population as people have come from other countries in recent years to work in building and industry. This happened later in Vitoria-Gasteiz and the Basque Country than in other areas. Today, non-EU (European Union) newcomers form 5.8% of the population in Vitoria-Gasteiz, 5% in Araba and 3.4% in the Basque Country. The main motive why Vitoria-Gasteiz has more of these immigrants is because recently there was a lot of jobs in building, a sector where Basque people won't work.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The inhabitants in Vitoria-Gasteiz live in apartments, and there are not many detached houses like in other towns in Europe. There are nice neighbourhoods, some with big squares, trees and parks where young people and families with children live, and other older neighbourhoods with beautiful and narrow streets and where older people walk.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Vitoria-Gasteiz became an industrial city in the second half of the twentieth century. There had been some companies already. For example, Bartolome Riego set up a printing press in the town for the first time in 1722.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Industries began on the outskirts of the city, away from the centre, special areas for making objects. Companies from Biscay (Bizkaia) and Gipuzkoa moved to Vitoria because land was cheaper there. Between 1950 and 1977, 833 companies started in the city.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The largest effects of this was that the city grew quickly, with many immigrants and a mixture of cultures. Between 1950 and 1975 the population grew from 53,000 to 173,000. In 1975, only 41.8% of the population had been born in the city.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Vitoria-Gasteiz is a very old city. It was founded in 1180 by the Navarrese King Sancho VI, who conquered the small hill village of Gasteiz and decided to call it New Victoria.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Only nineteen years later the city fell into the hands Castille´s King Alfonso VIII. The new king enlarged the city with three new streets on the west side of the hill. (Correría, Zapatería, Herrería)


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The city prospered quickly it was on the shortest way between the Court of Castille and northern Europe.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: In this century the customs house was moved from Vitoria to the coast, seriously affecting the local economy. However, the effect was softened with the development of the services sector. In 1813 Spanish forces with their allies defeated France in the Battle of Vitoria, ending the French invasion.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: With the turn of the century come the first modern factories. They were small family businesses. Now there are also multinationals, for example Mercedes Benz and Michelin.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Vitoria-Gasteiz has several important buildings. Its medieval quarter is in the highest part of the city.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Its streets are narrow. There are several historic houses : Montehermoso, Villasuso, Escoriaza, Esquíbel, etc. There are also the Archaeology and Card Museums.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Vitoria - Gasteiz will be European Green Capital in 2012. The European Green Capital Conference in Stockholm gave the award to Vitoria on 21 October 2011; Other cities competed, for example Barcelona, Malmo, Nantes, Nuremberg and Reykjavik. In the end Vitoria, the second smallest city, was champion.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Vitoria has a green ring around the city, with more than 11000 hectares (27,000 acres) of trees and different species of animals. There are also a lot of tracks for walking and cycing.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Water usage is another reason why Gasteiz won the award, because it is one the cities of Europe than wastes less water - only 10%, and its inhabitants are reasonable consumers. Other towns lose 50%. 25% of domestic rubbish is recycled, but it is possible to improve.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: It is true that a lot of inhabitants use public transport (trams and buses) and bike to move in the city but there are too many people who use cars.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The prize is very important for the city because its population has been working on improving its environment for the last 30 years. With the green capital prize the environment is the future for Vitoria and its inhabitants.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The Museo de Bellas Artes - the Fine Art Gallery - in Frai Francisco Walk (street) is of special interest. It is an early twentieth century renaissance style building opposite Ajuria Enea, the lehendakari’s (Basque president) residence. In this museum there are paintings by Ignacio Zuloaga, Joaquin Sorolla, Ignacio Diaz de Olano and Fernando Amarica.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Another important art gallery is the Artium (Basque Museum of Contemporary Art) The permanent collection has works by Basque and Spanish artists with paintings, sculptures, prints, photographs and videos made by Chillida, Oteiza, and Moraza, among others. This modern building was opened in 2002 and is on Frantzia Street.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Bibat is an important museum, devoted to archaeology and playing cards. This museum is in an old renaissance building in Aiztogile Street, recently renovated by the architect Patxi Mangado.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: There are other interesting museums such as the Arms Museum in Fray Francisco Walk or the Museum of Natural Sciences in Doña Ochanda Tower, a fort house built in the sixteenth century, in Jesusen Zerbitzarien Fundatzailean Street. Nearby is the Museum of the lanterns in Zapateri street.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Vitoria is also an outdoor museum with sculptures and statues in its streets by contemporary artists such as Oteiza, Ibarrola, Chillida, Casto Solano, Nestor Basterrechea, etc.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Although Vitoria-Gasteiz food is similar to the rest of the Basque Country, the city does have its specialities. "Perretxikos" (Calocybe_gambosa/St. George's mushroom), a type of mushroom, and snails are two traditional dishes of the city.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: In early December, the province of Araba holds its "cazuelitas" (small dishes) and wine week. About twenty-five pubs participate, including more than twenty in Vitoria-Gasteiz, and you can eat small portions of local dishes and drink local wines. Another event, Vinogourmet, takes place about the same time. This fair is held in the city’s food market, with wine on the ground floor and pintxos (bar snacks) on the first floor.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: There is an important restaurant in the city. Its name is "El Portalon". It is located in a beautiful fifteenth century house. In this restaurant the food is very good.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The city’s most famous concerts take place in Los Fueros Square in the Blanca holidays in August, and very important Spanish groups come to Vitoria.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: There are also events for the young. Workshops, where children can have fun making thing, for example, Christmas cards.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: On the first Saturday of every month there is a market in the old part of the city, where people sell home and beauty products, cheese and other foods and all types of things. Once a year in September there is a medieval market.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: There are also a lot of pubs and restaurants to spend the afternoon and evening with friends. The “pintxo-pote” is typical every Thursday in the pubs of Gasteiz, in these the price of a small glass of wine and a snack is €1.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Vitoria is the political and administrative capital of the Basque Country and home of its principal autonomous institutions.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The Basque Parliament is the legislative body of the autonomous region. There are 75 MPs (Members of Parliament),25 of each of the three provinces.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: In the current parliament (since 2009), the distribution of seats among the various political parties is as follows:


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Of these MPs, 40 are women, and 35 are men. The current Speaker/President of the Chamber is Arantxa Quiroga.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The Basque Government headquarters are also in the city, in Lakua, and the official residence of the President of the Basque Government is Ajuria Enea, in Fray Francisco Street.


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: Another institution that has its headquarters in Vitoria is the Diputación Foral de Álava, the provincial council. There are 51 seats on the council. After the 2007 elections, the distribution among political parties is as follows:


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: The city council of Vitoria is made up of 27 councillors. The distribution of political parties in the current term is:


title: Vitoria-Gasteiz

text: In addition to the City Council, there are a small administrative units that are the councils of the different villages that make up the municipality of Vitoria (about 60 villages, some of which are being absorbed by the growth of the city).


title: Goths

text: The Goths (Gothic: , "Gutans") were an East Germanic tribe. They spoke the Gothic language. Jordanes was a scholar from the 6th century who wrote a summary of a twelve volume work by Cassiodorus about the Goths. Jordanes work is commonly called Getica. The original work by Cassiodorius was lost, Getica is the only surviving contemporary account about the Goths. According to this book they left Scandinavia via Gotland and settled close to the mouth of the Vistula river (in present day Poland). In the 3rd and 4th centuries they settled Scythia, Dacia and parts of Moesia and Asia Minor. In the 3rd and 4th centuries, they fought with the Roman Empire and later adopted Arianism (a form of Christianity).


title: Goths

text: In the 4th and 5th centuries, they split into the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths. With this move, they established powerful successor-states of the Roman Empire in Italy and on the Iberian peninsula (now Spain & Portugal). Traces of Gothic blood can be found in many people .


title: Druze

text: Druze (; ; "Durūz") is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion. Druze is related to Islam and Christianity but more based on philosophy. The religion was founded by Hamza ibn Ali, who preached that Al-Hakim, a ruler of Egypt, was a "Manifestation of God". The name Druze probably comes from Darazi, a preacher who was expelled from the Druze religion, because he preached that Al-Hakim was literally God.


title: Druze

text: Its adherents, called Muwahiddun are an Arabic-speaking people of the Middle East. There are more than 500,000 Muwahiddun. Most of them live in Syria and Lebanon. Some have emigrated to the United States and Canada. Although sometimes many Muwahiddun consider themselves part of Shia Islam, in Israel they are considered part of a different ethnic and religious group within the Arabic-speaking minority.


title: Druze

text: Muwahiddun in Lebanon had a major political influence and were the rulers of Lebanon before the 1860s. After the 1860s, they shared the ruling of Mount Lebanon with the Maronites and were later considered the 4th major religious sect after independence. They played a key role in fighting against the Lebanese Christian right during the early 1980s. Muwahiddun ended their fighting against the Lebanese Christian right in late 1990. In 1990 and 1991, they gained representation in Lebanon's government in accordance with a 1989 peace agreement.


title: Obelisk

text: Obelisks were erected by Ancient Egyptians for commemoration. Obelisks were usually made of a single piece of stone.


title: Obelisk

text: A bird's eye view of obelisk is square and this structure has gradually tapering four sides and its ends in a pyramidal top.


title: Obelisk

text: Obelisks originated with the holy stone of sanctuary which served the sun god, Ra, in Heliopolis. There usually was a pair in front of a gate or sanctuary, and on each side of obelisk there were written hymns and some actions of the of king in hieroglyphics.


title: Obelisk

text: There are similar forms of obelisks in Europe and America, and some were taken from Egypt by Europeans and Americans. The Washington Monument is a large, modern, built obelisk.


title: William Shatner

text: William Shatner (born March 22, 1931) is a Canadian actor, author, director, producer, screenwriter, singer and space tourist. He became famous for playing James Tiberius Kirk of the "USS Enterprise" in the television show "" from 1966 to 1969 and in seven more movies.


title: William Shatner

text: Shatner has written a series of books telling his experiences playing James T. Kirk and being a part of "Star Trek". He also played the role as veteran police sergeant "T.J. Hooker", from 1982 to 1986. He has since worked as a musician, bestselling author, producer, director, and celebrity pitchman, most notably for Priceline.com.


title: William Shatner

text: He played attorney "Denny Crane" on the television drama "Boston Legal", for which he has won an Emmy and a Golden Globe Award.


title: William Shatner

text: On October 13, 2021 he was the oldest person to go into space, at age 90, on board the Blue Origin NS-18; He went beyond the Kármán line.


title: William Shatner

text: He trained as a Shakespearean actor and appeared in many plays. Before Star Trek, Shatner appeared in other TV shows such The Outlaws, 1960's "The Outer Limits", The Twilight Zone, and movies. His first movie was in 1951. He starred in the movie "Incubus" that was filmed only in Esperanto.


title: Ode

text: An ode is a type of lyric poem. The word comes from the Ancient Greek. An ode is a poem which is written in praise of something or someone, saying how wonderful they are.


title: State of emergency

text: A state of emergency is when a government is able to put through policies that it would normally not be able to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare a state of emergency during a natural disaster, violent protests, medical pandemic or epidemic or other biosecurity risk.


title: Ode

text: Very often an ode will have the title "Ode to..." followed by the name of the thing or person that it describes, e.g. John Keats wrote a poem "Ode to a Nightingale".


title: State of emergency

text: States of emergency can also be used as a reason for ending certain rights and freedoms given under a country's constitution or basic law, sometimes through martial law.


title: Ode

text: Odes were written by the poets of Ancient Greece as well as by the Romans. Horace was particularly famous for his odes, and many English odes written centuries later were based on Horace's lyrical verses.


title: Convergent evolution

text: Convergent evolution is a process in biology. It occurs when two species from different lines develop the same traits or features. This happens because they live in similar habitats, and have to develop solutions to the same kind of problems.


title: Convergent evolution

text: Similarity in traits can occur in two ways. Both species might have acquired the trait by descent from a common ancestor. In this case the structures are homologous. An example is the tetrapod limb, which has been inherited from early tetrapods in the late Devonian/early Carboniferous, about 360 million years ago. On the other hand, both might be independent adaptations to similar conditions in their habitat. In this case the structures are analogous. Convergent evolution leads to analogous features.


title: Convergent evolution

text: Parallelophyly is the special case where two or more lines with a close common ancestor acquire the same character independently. Cichlid fish in Lake Tanganyika in East Africa have developed the same feeding method in six different lines. Stalked eyes occur irregularly and independently in acalypteran flies. They have clearly inherited the genetic capacity for such eyes. This capacity is selected only in some lines.


title: Coptic Catholic Church

text: The Coptic Catholic Church is a church in full communion with the Pope in Rome instead of the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. The church has about 162,000 members (as of 2007). Most of the members are in Egypt. Coptic Catholics are seen as a schism from the Coptic Orthodox Church. They left that church in order to come into full communion with the Catholic Church. The current Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria is Archbishop Antonios Naguib.


title: Coptic Catholic Church

text: In 1990, Coptic Catholic sources estimated that there were about 10,000 followers in countries other than Egypt. These followers are under the care of local Latin Rite bishops. There are Coptic Catholic parishes in: Paris, Montréal, New York City, Los Angeles, Sydney, and Melbourne.


title: Coptic Catholic Church

text: In 1741, a Coptic bishop in Jerusalem named Anba Athanasius became a Catholic. Pope Benedict XIV appointed him Vicar Apostolic of the small community (approximately 2,000 people) who also became Catholics. Although Athanasius returned to the Coptic Orthodox Church later, a line of Catholic Vicars Apostolic continued after him.


title: Lewis structure

text: The Lewis structures, also called Lewis-dot diagrams or electron dot diagrams or Lewis dot structure are pictures that show the bonding between a pair of electrons and the atoms of a molecule.


title: Lewis structure

text: To show a bond between atoms, a line representing a pair of shared electrons is placed between the two atoms. This is showing water also known as H2O


title: Mussel

text: Mussels are several families of bivalve molluscs. Mussels live in lakes, rivers, and creeks. They sometimes also live in intertidal areas along coastlines worldwide. The freshwater mussels (several allied families, the largest being the Unionidae) and saltwater mussels (family Mytilidae) are not closely related, despite the fact that they may look similar. They are grouped in different subclasses. The freshwater Zebra mussels and their relatives (family Dreissenidae) live attached to rocks in a manner similar to marine mussels, but are classified with the Heterodonta, the taxonomic group including most bivalves referred to as "clams".


title: Mussel

text: From archeology, it is known that humans have been eating mussels for thousands of years. They can be cooked or eaten raw. Care must be taken however as mussels quickly become poisonous after they die.


title: The Price is Right

text: The Price is Right is a USA game show on CBS. The current version started in 1972, and was hosted by Bob Barker for a long time. However, in 2006, Bob Barker announced that he would leave the show. His last episode aired in June 2007. Comedian Drew Carey is now the host; his first episode aired in October 2007.


title: The Price is Right

text: In this game, a person uses his shopping skills to correctly guess the price of different products, like in a market. Some products are simple household items, like toothpaste and vitamins. Other items are more expensive products, like furniture and cars. After the third and sixth games, the "Showcase Showdown" is played. The three players who got on stage in both halves of the show spin a wheel. They get two spins of the wheel. They have to be closest to $1.00 without going over. The person with the highest total moves on to the Showcase at the end of the show. If a player gets $1.00, they win $1,000 and get another spin. If they hit the $1.00 space on that spin, they win another $25,000. If they hit the 5¢ or 15¢ space, they win another $10,000. In the Showcase, the winners of the two Showcase Showdown games are shown prize packages. They make a bid on them, and whoever comes closest to the price of their showcase without going over wins it. If they are $250 or less from the price of their showcase, they win both showcases. If someone's bid was higher than the price of the real price, that person went over, and was disqualified from winning in that round.


title: The Price is Right

text: From 1956 - 1963, the show aired on NBC and was hosted by Bill Cullen. From 1963 - 1965, the show aired on ABC and was also hosted by Bill Cullen.


title: The Price is Right

text: Three nighttime syndicated versions of the show aired. The first one aired from 1972 to 1980. Until 1977, it was hosted by Dennis James. For the rest of its run, it was hosted by Bob Barker. From 1985 - 1986, another nighttime version of the show, named "The Nighttime Price Is Right", was made and was hosted by Tom Kennedy. A third nighttime version, "The New Price Is Right", was made from 1994 - 1995 and was hosted by Doug Davidson. Also special million dollar prime-time episodes where people could play different versions of games for $1,000,000 were made due to CBS shows being canceled.


title: Dotted and dotless I

text: Dotted and dotless "I" are two different letters in the Turkish alphabet. One of them (İ, i) has a dot above it and the other (I, ı) does not. This is true in both the capital and lower case forms of the letters (see the picture).


title: Dotted and dotless I

text: The dotless I has the sound, while the dotted İ has the sound. To show how they are pronounced, here are two examples:


title: Dotted and dotless I

text: Some of the other Turkic languages that use the Latin script, like Azerbaijani and Tatar, also use both kinds of I. But in all these languages, including Turkish, the letter "j" does not have a dotted or dotless form, with a dot only on the lower case character (J, j), just like in the Indo-European languages. However, a dotless j, ȷ, does exist in Unicode.


title: Thuringia

text: Thuringia (German: "Thüringen") is a Bundesland of Germany. It lies in central Germany and has an area of . This means Thuringia is the sixth smallest state in Germany by area. It has 2.1 million inhabitants, so it is the fifth smallest state in Germany by population. The capital is Erfurt.


title: Thuringia

text: The most conspicuous geographical feature of Thuringia is the Thuringia Forest (Thüringer Wald). In the northwest Thuringia includes a small part of the Harz mountains. The Saale river runs through Jena.


title: South Tyrol

text: South Tyrol, also known by its Italian name Alto Adige (, , Southern Bavarian: "Sidtiroul"), is an autonomous province in northern Italy. Together with the province of Trento, it makes up the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province has an area of . About 511,750 people live there (2011). The capital of the province is the city of Bolzano. The borders are Graubünden and Lombardia in the west, Tyrol and Salzburg in the north, Trentino and Veneto in the south.


title: South Tyrol

text: Although it is part of Italy, most of the population speaks German. Around a quarter of the population speak Italian, most of whom live in the two largest cities (Bolzano and Merano). Italian and German are both official languages. In parts of the province, a third language, Ladin, is spoken and official as well. "South Tyrol" is the most common name for the province in ancient English. German and Ladin speakers usually refer to the area as "Südtirol". The official name is the Province of Bolzano (in ; in ; in Ladin: "Provinzia autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol").


title: South Tyrol

text: South Tyrol/Alto Adige is an autonomous province. It has its own legislature that makes many laws that are separate from those made by the Italian government. Luis Durnwalder has been the head of government since 1989. He belongs to the South Tyrolean People's Party, which has been governing since 1948.


title: South Tyrol

text: The name "Alto Adige" comes from the river Adige. "Alto" means upper, because the upper part of the river flows through the province.


title: South Tyrol

text: The name was first created by the Napoleonic French to distinguish (point out: difference) this Italian-speaking area from the Austrian empire's Tyrol, directly north.


title: South Tyrol

text: Between the Renaissance and the 19th century, the whole area, originally populated only by Latins from the time of Roman Empire, experienced a lot of Germanisation. In the centuries before Napoleon, only the Dolomite's area of the western part of the present area of South Tyrol (especially the Val Venosta near Merano) remained neolatin.


title: South Tyrol

text: Austria controlled the territory under the name of "South Tyrol" until 1918, performing a complete Germanisation policy after the wars of the Italian independence.


title: South Tyrol

text: After the First World War, despite the fact that its inhabitants were almost entirely German-speaking, South Tyrol was assigned to the Kingdom of Italy by the Treaty of Saint-Germain and the name officially was changed to "Alto Adige". This happened on the basis of the wishes of the Italian irredentists, who considered the Alto Adige as a geographical territory of Italy and based this on the fact that originally the territory had been mostly of "Ladin language" until the fourteenth century. Besides, the fascist government favoured the industrialisation of the province to attract Italian immigrants: as a result of this "Italianisation", today 120,000 people or 23% of the population, down from 135,000 in 1960 (35%), use Italian as their mother tongue.


title: South Tyrol

text: The ruling political party in South Tyrol is the "Südtiroler Volkspartei", which has had an absolute majority since 1947 because of the large amount of German speakers. Just after World War II about 65% of the population spoke German as their mother tongue, about a third spoke Italian, and about five percent spoke the Ladin language. In the 2011 census the percentages were: 63%, 23% and 4% (another 10% are immigrants from outside Italy).


title: Computer animation

text: Computer animation (or CGI animation) is the art of using computer graphics for animation, creating moving images in either 2D or 3D.


title: Janet Montgomery

text: Janet Ruth Montgomery (born 29 October 1985) is an English movie and television actress. As of 2014, she stars in the TV series, Salem.


title: Janet Montgomery

text: She also had a role in the second season of Fox's "Human Target". She played Eric Murphy's assistant Jennie in HBO's "Entourage".


title: Flounder

text: Flounders are a group of flatfish. The term is used for a number of flatfish who only related by being in the suborder Pleuronectoidei: (families Achiropsettidae, Bothidae, Pleuronectidae, Paralichthyidae, and Samaridae). It is a "form name", which means they are not necessarily "close" relations, they just look alike.


title: Flounder

text: Flounders live at the bottom of coastal lagoons and estuaries of the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. When flounder are hatched they have one eye on each side of its head. As they grow one eye moves until they have both eyes on the same side of the head.


title: Flounder

text: Industrial overfishing has reduced the population to one-tenth of its original size, and the individuals left are smaller. They rarely have the time to grow to full size.


title: Flounder

text: Flounder feed at soft muddy areas of the sea bottom, near bridge piles, docks and coral reefs. They have been found at the bottom of the Mariana trench, the deepest known ocean canyon. Swiss scientist Jacques Piccard and US Navy Lt. Don Walsh reached a depth of . They were surprised to discover flounder about 30 cm long.


title: Flounder

text: A flounder's food is mainly fish spawn, crustaceans, polychaetes and small fish. Flounder normally grow to a length of , and as large as . Their width is about half their length.


title: Flounder

text: Flounders are highly camouflaged, often more so than these examples. But they are fished by bottom trawls which scrape them off the sea-bed into the net.


title: Wellington Monument, Dublin

text: The Wellington Monument is an obelisk in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. It is also called "Wellington Testimonial" because it was built while Wellington was still alive.


title: Wellington Monument, Dublin

text: The monument is in the southeast of the Park. It is near Kilmainham and the River Liffey. The obelisk is tall. It is the largest obelisk in Europe.


title: Wellington Monument, Dublin

text: The monument was built to celebrate the victories of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. He was born in Dublin.


title: Wellington Monument, Dublin

text: It was designed by the architect Sir Robert Smirke. Building was started in 1817. In 1820 they ran out of money. It was not finished until 1861 when it was opened to the public. There were also plans for a statue of Wellesley on a horse in front of it. This was never built.


title: Wellington Monument, Dublin

text: There are four bronze plaques on the bottom part of the monument. Three have pictures about Wellington's career, the fourth has text. The pictures are 'Civil and Religious Liberty' by John Hogan, 'Waterloo' by Thomas Farrell and the 'Indian Wars' by Joseph Robinson Kirk. The text reads:


title: Hearing

text: Hearing is one of the five senses. Ears detect vibrations in the air. These vibrations are sounds. Most animals can hear. Most land vertebrates hear through ears. Fish hear in several different ways. Many use their swim bladder to hear, and many use their lateral line.


title: Hearing

text: In mammals, sound travels through three main parts of the ear to be heard. These are the outer, middle and inner ear.


title: Airbag

text: An airbag is a part of the safety restraint system in cars. Airbags are bags that rapidly fill with air when an accident happens. That way they can prevent injuries that occur when the driver hits a hard object.


title: Airbag

text: An airbag is a useful vehicle safety device. Airbags are used in the world increasingly because in accidents, it can help passengers reduce shock.


title: Airbag

text: An American inventor, Dr. Allen S. Breed, invented and developed a key component for automotive use. Breed Corporation then marketed this innovation first in 1967 to Chrysler. A similar "Auto-Ceptor" crash-restraint, brandon, developed by Eaton, Yale & Towne Inc. for Ford was soon offered as an automatic safety system in the USA. The Italian Eaton-Livia company offered a variant with localized air cushions.


title: Airbag

text: All cars used the airbag nowadays was originally invented by a Japanese man Mr. Kobori and he took the world patents.


title: Airbag

text: The first patent on an inflatable crash-landing device for airplanes was filed during World War II. In 1973, the first commercial airbags appeared in a run of 1,000 Chevrolet Impalas. Since model year 1998, all new cars sold in the United States have been required to have airbags on both driver and passenger sides. To date, statistics show that airbags reduce the risk of dying in a direct frontal crash by about 30 percent. Today, some cars have six or even eight airbags.


title: Airbag

text: First, moving objects have momentum (the product of the mass and the velocity of an object). If no outside force acts on an object, the object will continue to move at its present speed and direction (because of inertia). Cars consist of several objects, including the vehicle itself, loose objects in the car and, of course, passengers. If these objects are not restrained, they will continue moving at whatever speed the car is travelling at, even if the car is stopped by a collision.


title: Airbag

text: Stopping an object's momentum requires force acting over a period of time. When a car crashes, the force required to stop an object is very great because the car's momentum has changed instantly while the passengers' has not (there is not much time to work with). The goal of any supplemental restraint system is to help stop the passenger while doing as little damage to them as possible.


title: Airbag

text: What an airbag wants to do is to slow the passenger's speed to zero with little or no damage. The constraints that it has to work within are huge. The airbag has the space between the passenger and the steering wheel or dashboard and a fraction of a second to work with. Even that tiny amount of space and time is valuable, however, if the system can slow the passenger evenly rather than forcing an abrupt halt to their motion.


title: Airbag

text: The second airbag device for motorcyclist is an inflatable airbag jacket was invented by Tamás Straub in 1976.


title: Joyce Vincent

text: Joyce Carol Vincent (19 October 1965 – December 2003) was an English woman whose death in her London bedsit flat went unnoticed for over two years.


title: Joyce Vincent

text: Vincent was born in Hammersmith, London. Her parents were from Grenada. Her father was of African background and her mother was of Indian background. She left her job in 2001 for unknown reasons. Shortly after, she moved to a shelter for victims of domestic violence. Around the same time, she cut off nearly all contact with her close family and friends. An investigator of Vincent's case said that she had been in a relationship that had a "history of domestic violence". It has been said that she may have been ashamed of being a domestic violence victim or did not want to be found by her abuser. In February 2003, Vincent moved into a bedsit flat above a shopping centre in Wood Green, north London. It was owned by the Metropolitan Housing Trust and was used for abuse victims.


title: Joyce Vincent

text: Vincent had asthma. For two days during November 2003, she was treated for a peptic ulcer at North Middlesex University Hospital. She died in her flat sometime in December 2003 at the age of 38. Her cause of death is unknown. It is thought she died from either an asthma attack or problems caused by her recent peptic ulcer.


title: Joyce Vincent

text: Vincent's death went unnoticed for over two years. Neighbours believed the flat to be empty. The strong smell of Vincent's decomposing body were thought to be caused by bins close by. On 25 January 2006, bailiffs forced entry into the flat and found her body. A pathologist said that Vincent was "mostly skeletal" when she was found. Her body was found with a shopping bag and wrapped Christmas presents around her. The television and heating were still running due to debt forgiveness. Her bills were being paid through automatic debit.


title: Joyce Vincent

text: A movie about her, "Dreams of a Life" (2011), was directed by Carol Morley. Actress Zawe Ashton played Vincent in the movie.


title: Joyce Vincent

text: Punk rock musician Alex Marshall was inspired to write a song about Vincent's life. His band later decided to change the song's title to "No One Knew" and used the song's original title, Miss Vincent, to name the band instead. The single was released in 2012.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: Like all living things, people have inherited innate qualities. There are also events or experiences which happen during life. 'Nature' describes the effect of a person's genes and biology, whereas 'nurture' describes whatever happens during life.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: In the language of population genetics, the heritability of a feature is the extent to which it is inherited genetically. That includes traits of behaviour and character. Though the public debate is all about humans, the principles apply to "any living thing", plants as well as animals.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: The phrase 'nature versus nurture' was suggested by the Victorian polymath Francis Galton. He was influenced by Darwin's "On the Origin of Species". He investigated the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: It was always known that people inherited some features, but were modified during life. The terms had been contrasted, for example, by Shakespeare (in "The Tempest": 4.1). Even before Shakespeare, the English schoolmaster Richard Mulcaster wrote in 1582:


title: Nature versus nurture

text: Galton did not oppose nature to nurture as two alternatives. The phrase 'nature vs nurture' has been criticized for its over-simplification. Almost all writers have realised that both play a part in our make-up. One who, at first sight, seemed to think humans got their 'mind' from nurture (the "tabula rasa" or blank slate theory) was philosopher John Locke. He, however, was only concerned with how we acquire knowledge from sense data.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: Both nature and nurture play interacting roles in development, and many modern psychologists and anthropologists consider the contrast naive. They see it as an outdated state of knowledge.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: Identical twins are natural clones. Because they carry the same genes, they may be used to investigate how much heredity contributes to individual people. Studies with twins have been quite interesting. If we make a list of characteristic traits, we find that they vary greatly in how much they owe to heredity. For example:


title: Nature versus nurture

text: Studies like this may be carried further, by comparing identical twins brought up together with identical twins brought up in different circumstances. That gives a handle on how much circumstances can alter the outcomes of genetically identical people.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: The person who first did twin studies was Francis Galton, Darwin's half-cousin, who was a founder of statistics. His method was to trace twins through their life-history, making many kinds of measurement. Unfortunately, though he knew about mono and dizygotic twins, he did not appreciate the real genetic difference. Twin studies of the modern kind did not appear until the 1920s.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: This kind of research works well when the features can be measured simply. It works less well when the measurement is itself controversial. This was the case with I.Q. measurement, where the method of measurement was not well agreed between researchers.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: Studies have found the heritability of IQ to be between 0.7 and 0.8 in adults and 0.45 in childhood in the United States. It may seem reasonable to expect that genetic influences on traits like IQ should become less important as one gains experiences with age. However, that the opposite occurs is well documented. Heritability measures in infancy are as low as 0.2, around 0.4 in middle childhood, and as high as 0.8 in adulthood. Everyday experience would suggest that as people grow older, they get to know themselves better. They choose, if they can, jobs and activities which make the most of their abilities. The effect of this would be to show a closer fit between their genetics and their environment.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: A 1994 review in "Behavior Genetics" based on identical/fraternal twin studies found that heritability is as high as 0.80 in general cognitive ability but it also varies based on the trait, with 0.60 for verbal tests, 0.50 for spatial and speed-of-processing tests, and only 0.40 for memory tests.


title: Nature versus nurture

text: In 2006, "The New York Times Magazine" said about three quarters for heritability (0.75) was found in most studies. A 2004 analysis of reports in "Current Directions in Psychological Science" gave an overall estimate of around 0.85 for 18-year-olds and older.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: Miroslav Barnyashev (; born December 25, 1985) is a Bulgarian professional wrestler, former rower, and former powerlifter. He currently works for the WWE where he wrestles under the ring name Rusev. He is two-time WWE United States Champion. He used to compete under the ring name Alexander Rusev earlier in his main roster and NXT career but later dropped the Alexander. He is the first Bulgarian to have wrestled for WWE.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: Before becoming a professional wrestler, Barnyashev became a professional rower. He was also a powerlifter and was considered for the Bulgarian national powerlifting team in the 2012 Summer Olympics.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: He was signed by the WWE in April 2011 and competed for their developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW). He defeated Mike Dalton in his first televised match on the July 17, 2011 episode of FCW.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: Shortly after he debuted in FCW, he tore both his anterior cruciate ligament and his meniscus and spent six months rehabilitating. When he returned to the ring, he suffered a broken neck which temporarily paralyzed his arm. While he was rehabilitating his injury, he traveled to Thailand and studied Muay Thai.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: FCW was rebranded into NXT Wrestling and he began wrestling on NXT on the May 30, 2013 episode when he competed in an 18-man battle royal to determine who would become the number one contender to the NXT Championship. He was eliminated by Mason Ryan. He returned and had a televised match on the August 21, 2013 episode of WWE NXT (recorded on July 11, 2013), which he lost to Dolph Ziggler.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: He began to be accompanied to the ring by Sylvester Lefort as his manager. He formed a tag team with Scott Dawson named "The Fighting Legionnaires" and stopped having Lefort as his manager when he attacked Lefort during a tag team match on the October 30 episode of WWE NXT. He later started having Lana manage him instead.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: He debuted on the main roster on January 26, 2014 at the Royal Rumble. He entered the Rumble at #6 and was eliminated by Kofi Kingston, CM Punk, Cody Rhodes, and Seth Rollins. After not appearing for several months, he returned on the April 7 episode of "Raw" alongside Lana where he squashed Zack Ryder.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: In May 2014, he adopted the gimmick of a Russophillic, anti-American. It saw him announced that he had relocated to Russia and was named "Hero of the Russian Federation". In the same month, The WWE shortened his ring name to simply "Rusev". He began feuding with Big E, whom he defeated in multiple bouts at Payback on June 1 and at Money in the Bank on June 29.


title: Alexander Rusev

text: On November 3, 2014, Rusev defeated Sheamus on the post-"Raw" special and won his first WWE United States Championship.


title: Osaka Castle

text: Toyotomi Hideyoshi made the people build Osaka castle in the year 1583 (天正11年). In 1620, Tokugawa Hidetada started to rebuild Osaka Castle and it finished in 1629. Osaka Castle had been destroyed by fire twice. First, The Summer Battle of Osaka (大阪夏の陣) in 1645. Second, during World War II.


title: Silverfish

text: Lepisma saccharina (commonly called the fishmoth, urban silverfish or just the silverfish) is a small, wingless insect. Typically it is between half an inch and one inch (12–25 mm). Its common name comes from the animal's silvery blue color, combined with the fish-like appearance of its movements. The scientific name indicates the silverfish's diet of carbohydrates such as sugar or starches. It belongs to the basal insect order Thysanura, and the species is estimated to have existed for over 300 million years, originating in the Paleozoic Era. Often misidentified as a silverfish is the house centipede, another house-dwelling arthropod that exhibits rapid, fluid movement.


title: Silverfish

text: An eyeless species of silverfish, or a close relative, was discovered in January 2006 in caves in Sequoia National Park, California.


title: Tower

text: A tower is a tall structure. Towers are different from buildings because people do not live in them. Many castles have towers. Today, towers are very tall. Some things they are used for are to send radio signals, for observation, or to hold up bridges.


title: Elliot Page

text: Elliot Page (born February 21, 1987) is a Canadian actor. Page was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for his role in "Juno", in which he played a pregnant teenager. Page has also starred in movies including "Hard Candy", "Whip It", and "Inception".


title: Elliot Page

text: On February 14, 2014, Page came out as gay, and has been a well-known advocate of the LGBTQ community. He was married to dancer Emma Portner from 2018 to 2021. In December 2020, he came out as transgender and uses he/they pronouns.


title: Siren

text: A siren is a creature in Greek mythology. The sirens were living on an island surrounded by rocks. sirens also have a mermaid form where they still sing but they hit the boat to sink it that way and sirens have a human form Sailors would try to go to them because of their singing, and their ships would get destroyed on the rocks, and they would drown.


title: Siren

text: Originally they looked like bird-women, but in modern time they are often shown to look like fish-women or mermaids. Many people said they were Naiads (spirits of the sea).


title: Siren

text: They also appear in Homer's "Odyssey". There Odysseus and his ship have to pass the siren's island. Odysseus tells his men to put wax in their ears, so they will not hear the song of the sirens. He also tells his men to bind him to the ship's mast, so he cannot go to the sirens when he hears their song. When Odysseus and his men pass the Sirens, Odysseus wants to go towards them, but his men pull the rope tighter to hold him down. His men can then look at Odysseus and see when he cannot hear the sirens anymore, because he is calm again. Then they can take the wax out of their ears, and free Odysseus.


title: Father Damien

text: Father Damien, also Saint Damien of Molokai, born as Joseph de Veuster in Belgium on January 3, 1840 and died on April 15, 1889, was a Roman Catholic Priest and missionary. He was known for helping people with leprosy in the colony of Kalaupapa on the island of Molokai in Hawaii. Father Damien came to Hawaii in 1864. During this time, many Native Hawaiians were dying from many of the diseases they caught from the white settlers. The King of Hawaii, made the people who had leprosy live in a colony away from other people. Father Damien went to help the sick people and gave them hope. Father Damien also died from leprosy, but what he did helped many people.


title: Father Damien

text: In 1995, he was beatified (made an important person) by the Pope, and he is recognized by both the Catholic and Anglican churches. Father Damien was canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on Sunday October 11, 2009.


title: Father Damien

text: His is Patron Saint of the Diocese of Honolulu, as well as all of Hawaii, of people with leprosy, and of outcasts, as well as people suffering from HIV and AIDS as well.


title: Circle of fifths

text: In music theory the Circle of fifths shows how the different keys are related to one another. It is usually shown as a circle with the names of keys around it. If you take any key in the circle, its fifth is the one to its right. It can be easily understood together with a piano keyboard.


title: Circle of fifths

text: On a piano there are white and black notes (confusingly these are also called “keys”). The white notes are named by the letters A to G of the alphabet. After G comes another A and so on. The black notes go in threes and twos. This makes it easy to see the pattern of white notes. Where there are two black notes together, for example, the white note between them is D. The black notes do not have names of their own. They are named after the white notes next to them. The black note just above (i.e. to the right) of a G is a G sharp. The black note just below (i.e. to the left) of the G is G flat. This means that each black note has two possible names (e.g. G flat or F sharp).


title: Circle of fifths

text: Playing each note in turn, whether a white or a black note, will give a chromatic scale (e.g. C, C sharp, D, E flat, E, F, F sharp, G, A flat, A, B flat, B, C). Each step is called a “semitone” or “half tone”. A “tone” or “whole tone” therefore is a jump of two semitones (C to D, or C sharp to E flat, or E to F sharp).


title: Circle of fifths

text: By playing on white notes from C to the next C we get a major scale. Some of the steps are tones and some are semitones. The semitones come between E and F and between B and C, i.e. between the 3rd and 4th and between the 7th and 8th note of the scale. All major scales have this pattern (tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone, tone, semitone).


title: Circle of fifths

text: Each time we went to a sharper key we took the note which was the 5th note of the previous scale (G, with one sharp, was the 5th note of C major. D, with two sharps, was the 5th note of G, etc.).


title: Circle of fifths

text: In a diagram this can be shown as a circle which is called the “Circle of Fifths”. As we get sharper and sharper we go clockwise round the circle.


title: Circle of fifths

text: The flats work in exactly the opposite way. Instead of going up to the fifth note (e.g. C,D,E,F,G) we can go down a fifth (C,B,A,G,F). F is the scale which has one flat. As we get flatter and flatter we go counter-clockwise round the circle until all seven notes are flattened.


title: Circle of fifths

text: It can be seen that three of the scales each have two possible names: B major (with 5 sharps) can also be thought of as C flat major (with seven flats), F sharp major (with 6 sharps) can also be thought of as G flat major (with 6 flats), and C sharp major (with 7 sharps) can also be thought of as D flat major (with 5 flats).


title: Circle of fifths

text: Relative minors (the minor scale with the same key signature) can also be worked out by going round three steps of the circle (C major is the relative major of A minor, i.e. it shares the same key signature: nothing). On a keyboard the relative minor can be worked out by going down three semitones (from C go down to B, Bflat, A).


title: Laboratory glassware

text: Laboratory glassware refers to various items which are usually made of glass and used for scientific work in chemistry and biology laboratories. Some of these items are now made of plastic which is less expensive and more convenient.


title: Laboratory glassware

text: Pipettes, petri dishes, and test tubes are examples of laboratory glassware. These items are used to store materials, to measure their volume, to mix and prepare solutions, or to contain a chemical reaction.


title: Long Walk to Freedom

text: Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography written by President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. It was published in 1995.


title: Long Walk to Freedom

text: The book is about his early life, his education and serving 27 years in prison. Under the apartheid government, Mandela was thought as a terrorist and jailed on the infamous Robben Island for his role as a leader of the then-outlawed ANC. He also say that democracy meant all men to be heard and far from majority rule, a minority was not crushed by a majority.


title: Long Walk to Freedom

text: He has since gained international recognition for his leadership as president in rebuilding the country's once segregated society. The last chapters of the book describe his political ascension, and his belief that the struggle continues against apartheid in South Africa.


title: Colt McCoy

text: Daniel Colt McCoy (born September 5, 1986 in Hobbs, New Mexico) is an American football starting quarterback that currently plays for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). McCoy was drafted out of the University of Texas at Austin by the Cleveland Browns with the 18th pick in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft.


title: Colt McCoy

text: In 2006, during his time with the Texas Longhorns, he was a candidate for the Heisman Trophy. He was again a candidate for the trophy in 2007 which was won by Tim Tebow. McCoy is a member of the Church of Christ.


title: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

text: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, which is now southwest Germany. He started Hegelianism and is a part of German Idealism. He influenced many writers and philosophers, including those who agreed with him (Bradley, Sartre, Küng, Bauer, Stirner, Marx), and those who did not agree with him (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Schelling). Hegel's books are difficult to read and deal with many different ideas at the same time. He has written about history, politics, religion, art, logic and metaphysics.


title: Larry Bird

text: Larry Joe Bird (born December 7, 1956) is an American retired NBA basketball player. He won three NBA championships in 1981, 1984, and 1986 with the Boston Celtics. He has also won the NBA MVP award three times, in 1984, 1985, and 1986 as a Celtic. He played college basketball at Indiana State University where he developed a rivalry and friendship with Los Angeles Lakers star Magic Johnson when he faced him in the 1979 NCAA national championship game and three NBA championship series (1984, 1985 and 1987). He has been described as one of the greatest basketball players and greatest shooters of all time. Bird was nicknamed Larry Legend and The Hick from French Lick, after his hometown in Indiana. He was also called Kodak by his first NBA coach, Bill Fitch, because Bird could form pictures in his head of the plays on the basketball court. Finally, he was nicknamed The Great White Hope.


title: Larry Bird

text: In 1992, Bird was a member of the United States men's national basketball team. The team was one of the most famous teams in US Olympic history, known as "The Dream Team." The team captured the gold medal after going undefeated.


title: Larry Bird

text: In 1997, Bird became the head coach of the Indiana Pacers. He was also President of the Pacers (2000-2012, 2013-2017).


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: The COVID-19 pandemic spread to the United States in January 2020. The first confirmed case of local transmission was recorded in January in Chicago and the first known deaths happened in February.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: By the end of March, cases had happened in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories except American Samoa.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: As of May 13, 2020, the U.S. has the most confirmed active cases and deaths in the world[10][11], and its death rate was 206 per million people, the tenth-highest rate globally.[12]


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: The Trump administration made a public health emergency on January 31, and on February 2nd he began to end the entry of most foreign nationals who had recently travelled to China. People have said that the country's response to the pandemic was slow regarding testing and medical response.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: On February 25, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned the American public for the first time to prepare for a local outbreak.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: A national emergency was declared on March 13. In early March, the Food and Drug Administration began allowing public health agencies and private companies to create and carry out tests. The Trump administration waited until mid-March to start purchasing large amounts of medical equipment.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: On March 16, the White House announced that they were against any gatherings of more than ten people. Since March 19, 2020, the U.S. Department of State has said all U.S. citizens to avoid all international travel.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: State and local responses to the outbreak have included cancellation of large gatherings, stay-at-home orders, and the closing of schools and other educational institutions.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: Many numbers of infections and deaths have happened in nursing homes, long-term care facilities, prisons, and other detention centers, meatpacking plants, churches, and larger cities such as New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Seattle.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

text: In July 2020, scientists from Johns Hopkins University told people that deaths from COVID-19 in United States prisons were much higher than the average for the whole country. There were about 3251 sick prisoners and 39 deaths out of every 100,000 prisoners. The national average was about 587 sick United States residents and 29 deaths for every 100,000 United States residents.


title: Kodak Black

text: Bill Kahan Kapri (stage name: Kodak Black; born Dieuson Octave, June 11, 1997), is an American rapper, singer and songwriter.


title: Bunk bed

text: A bunk bed is a stack of two or more beds. Metal poles or wooden beams connect the bottom bed (called the bottom bunk) to the top bed (called the top bunk). A ladder is used to get up to the top bunk. The ladder is usually attached to the bed. In the Philippines, a bunk bed is called a double deck.


title: Bunk bed

text: Bunk beds are often used in children's rooms. Since bunk beds allow a family to put two beds in the space of a single bed, bunk beds save space. Bunk beds help families with small apartments or houses to have enough beds for their children.


title: Bunk bed

text: Bunk beds are often used in institutions such as prisons. As well, they are often used in public facilities such as homeless shelters and bomb shelters. Bunk beds are also used in firehalls, to give firefighters a place to sleep. Many military organizations use bunk beds. Navy ships and submarines use bunk beds for the sailors to sleep in. Army barracks sometimes have bunk beds for soldiers.


title: Bunk bed

text: Summer camps and winter cabins for children (such as boy scouts or girl scouts) often have bunk beds. Hostels, a type of inexpensive hotel for travelers, often have bunk beds. Some ski lodges have bunk beds in their rooms.


title: Unconventional warfare

text: Unconventional warfare is any kind of war that does not fit the traditional war between nations or groups. It includes foreign resistance movements and guerilla groups, who fight against an occupying force or their own government.


title: Unconventional warfare

text: In conventional warfare, the fighters usually wear uniforms, which identifies them as fighters in an army, under the laws of war. With unconventional warfare, this is not the case. Those engaging in unconventional warfare need to hide before they can launch an attack. This means that in most cases they do not wear specific uniforms which identify them as fighters. Struggles of this type are going on at present in parts of Africa.


title: Unconventional warfare

text: An unconventional war is rarely announced as a war. No declaration of war is made. Usually, the only feature which is noticed is the presence in a country of organised fighters. The fighters come from a neighbouring country or from parts of the existing country. There are no set rules.


title: Unconventional warfare

text: This kind of warfare has been quite common since 1900. Terrorism is the intimidation of the native civilian population by armed fighters or insurgents, often known as "guerrillas". Warfare inside a state by citizens who wish to overthrow the state, also generally called terrorism by the government, has also been common.


title: Unconventional warfare

text: Struggle between regular forces (armies in uniforms) may happen without a formal declaration of war. Red versus white after the end of royal rule in Russia (Russian Civil War) is a good example. It was a semi-formal war, fought with regular troops on both sides. So was the seizing of Manchuria (Manchukuo) by Japan in the early 1930s. Regular Japanese army forces were used.


title: Unconventional warfare

text: After World War I and World War II unconventional forces were used to drive out colonial powers or to try and do so. The struggle against colonialism was usually by irregular forces supported by weapons and men from powers interested in removing the colonies (usually Russia or China).


title: Unconventional warfare

text: The dividing line between conventional and unconventional warfare is not clear-cut. In general conventional war is fought between regular armies, navies, air forces. Unconventional warfare is usually fought on the ground with at least one side not in uniform, usually against forces of the established government. It is an attempt to overthrow a government or to replace in it some part of the country.


title: Unconventional warfare

text: The USA Department of Defense defines unconventional warfare as activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area. Also called UW.


title: Plastic surgery

text: Plastic surgery is a surgery that is done to change the way a person's body looks or works. Some plastic surgeries can change both. Work can be done on someone's bones, cartilage, muscles, fat, and skin.


title: Plastic surgery

text: The two most common forms of plastic surgery are reconstruction (fixing body parts that have been damaged) and cosmetic (changing size shape or color of body parts to make them look better). An example of reconstructive plastic surgery is fixing a part of the body that has been burned. An example of cosmetic plastic surgery is a surgery called a "face-lift": pulling the skin of the face tight so that the client looks younger.


title: Lawrence v. Texas

text: Lawrence v. Texas, 539 US 558 (2003), is the primary piece of case law which ultimately decriminalized sodomy in the United States. Ruled upon by the United States Supreme Court in 2003, "Lawrence v. Texas" concerned a Texas law that criminalized consensual, adult homosexual intercourse which was found unconstitutional under the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.


title: Lawrence v. Texas

text: Houston Police were tipped off to a weapons disturbance purportedly from the residence of John Lawrence. Upon entering the apartment, police found Lawrence and Tyron Garner engaging in sexual intercourse. At the time, a statute was in place which banned such homosexual sex acts and further deemed homosexuality a "deviance." Both Lawrence and Garner were arrested and convicted under this statute.


title: Lawrence v. Texas

text: Upon appeal, the Texas State Court of Appeals affirmed the men's convictions citing "Bowers v. Hardwick", 478 US 186 (1986), as the controlling case.


title: Lawrence v. Texas

text: In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court voted to overturn Lawrence's conviction and declared the Texas anti-sodomy statute unconstitutional. The decision hinged on the right of Lawrence and Garner to engage in private conduct under the Due Process Clause. Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing the majority opinion, stated "[Lawrence and Garner's] right to liberty under the Due Process Clause gives them the full right to engage in their conduct without intervention of the government." The decision to overturn "Bowers v. Hardwick" was 5-4, with Justice O'Connor (a member of the "Bowers" majority back in 1986) refusing to overturn "Bowers" and instead supporting the "Lawrence" ruling on narrower Equal Protection grounds because the challenged Texas law made male-male sodomy illegal but not male-female sodomy.


title: Lawrence v. Texas

text: In a 2004 law review article, U.S. law professors Nelson Lund and John McGinnis criticized "Lawrence v. Texas" due to its alleged judicial hubris and expressed fears that its extremely broad language could have unexpected consequences in the long(er)-run.


title: Lawrence v. Texas

text: Carpenter, Dale. (2012). "Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence V. Texas". New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc.


title: Apep

text: Apep in Egyptian mythology was an evil demon. He was associated with darkness and chaos. He was often shown as a snake.


title: Apep

text: Apep's name was often incorrectly defined as he who was "spat out". It was said that he had been formed by Neith, who had been the goddess of the ancient waters in the Ennead, from a length of spit she had spat at Nu, the god of the ancient waters in the Ogdoad. Some subsequent commentators speculated that Apep must have been an earlier creator, and chief god, thus explaining why he had so much anger towards Ra.


title: Apep

text: It was believed that Ra (the sun) each night passed into Duat and then battled with Apep, always winning except for certain days in which Ra is momentarily devoured, what the Egyptians saw as an eclipse.


title: Apep

text: Instead of being worshipped he was done the exact opposite and spat upon. Models would be made of wax and clay and then burnt, spat upon, and defaced.


title: Apep

text: Apep was a fifty foot long snake. He was black, orange, and a little bit green. Apep was very strong. He symbolized darkness, storms, night, the underworld and death. Ramses sixth tomb depicted him, having nine heads, representing the souls he killed.


title: Apep

text: In some depictions he is shown being attacked by a cat. The cat represents Bast, the goddess of cats. Bast was Ra's 'Guardian', so to speak. Bast's job was to protect Ra on his trips through the Duat every night. this is how he became the physical description


title: Supermassive black hole

text: A supermassive black hole (SMBH or less often SBH) is a black hole with a mass that is between 10 and 10 the mass of the Sun. Scientists are confident that almost all galaxies, including the Milky Way, have a supermassive black hole at each of their centers.


title: Supermassive black hole

text: How supermassive black holes get started is not yet known. Astrophysicists agree that once a black hole is in place in the center of a galaxy, it can grow by attracting matter and by merging with other black holes. Formation of ordinary (star-sized) black holes from the deaths of the first stars has been extensively studied and supported by observations.


title: Supermassive black hole

text: Stellar-mass black holes, formed from collapsing stars, range up to perhaps 33 solar masses. The minimal supermassive black hole is in the range of a hundred thousand solar masses. Between these extremes there appear to be few intermediate-mass black holes. Such a gap would suggest that the two types were formed by different processes.


title: Supermassive black hole

text: Observations show that quasars were much more frequent when the Universe was younger. Supermassive black holes of billions of solar masses had already formed when the Universe was less than one billion years old. This suggests that supermassive black holes arose very early in the Universe, inside the first massive galaxies.


title: Supermassive black hole

text: Astronomers are confident that our own Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. It is 26,000 light-years from the Solar System, in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius. The region is called Sagittarius A*, and the evidence for its being a black hole is:


title: Supermassive black hole

text: The Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, and the UCLA Galactic Center Group, have provided strong evidence that Sagittarius A* is the site of a supermassive black hole. This is based on data from the ESO, and the Keck telescope. Our galactic central black hole is calculated to have a mass of approximately 4.1 million solar masses, or about 8.2 × 10 kg.


title: Eagle Music

text: Eagle time Music is a leading record label company in Bangladesh, basically acquisition, production and distribution of Bengali movie, drama, video, and also contributed television program as well. The owner of the company is Kachi Ahmed.


title: Eagle Music

text: Eagle Music established by Kachi Ahmed. Eagle Music YouTube channel crossed the milestone of 2 million subscribers and received Golden Play Button award from YouTube authorities. On 21 October, 2013 Eagle Music Company YouTube channel was launched. Since its inception, over 1000 Bengali films and over 500 music albums and television drama have been released. The song Oporadhi is the first Bangladeshi song, which has secured its place in YouTube global ranking.


title: Interwar period

text: The interwar period was a time in history from 9 November 1918 to 1 September 1939, between the two world wars, World War I and World War II.


title: Interwar period

text: The period began with many changes internationally. The League of Nations was created, which was made to bring peace to the world, but did not prevent problems with Nazi Germany, which soon left the League. Also occurred was the growing threat of Japan, which invaded China. Soon the Soviet Union and Italy had begun to rise as international powers. All of that happened in the 21 years and soon triggered World War II.


title: Inflection

text: Inflection (or inflexion) is a piece added to a word to express variations in grammar. The added bits are called affixes. They are prefixes (in front), suffixes (at the end) and infixes (in the middle). They are added to the "root", the part of the word which does not change.


title: Inflection

text: Some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit have complex inflections that they apply to most of their words. Others, such as English, are less inflected. Some, such as Mandarin Chinese, use no inflections.


title: Bill Bixby

text: Bill Bixby (born January 22, 1934 in San Francisco, California - November 21, 1993), was an American actor, director, and producer. He is known for the role of David Banner in the TV series "The Incredible Hulk".


title: Bill Bixby

text: Bixby died from complications of prostate cancer in Los Angeles on November 21, 1993. He was 59 years old.


title: Bill Bixby

text: Bill Bixby made the most of his career in television. His credits on the big screen include: "Irma la Douce" (1963), with Jack Lemmon, and directed by Billy Wilder; "Ride Beyond Vengeance" (1966), western starring Chuck Connors; and two movies starring Elvis Presley, "Clambake" (1967) and "Speedway" (1968). His first television series was "My Favorite Martian", playing the role of Tim O'Hara, and co-starring Ray Walston. The show aired on CBS from 1963 to 1966. Bixby continued to have success on television as the star of the ABC sitcom "The Courtship of Eddie's Father" (1969–1972), where he played a widower who cares for his young son played by Brandon Cruz. He also played in "The Magician" (1973–1974), as a famous magician Anthony Blake, who is also a detective. The biggest hit of his career would come in the late 1970s, playing the role of David Banner in CBS TV series "The Incredible Hulk" with Lou Ferrigno as the Hulk. The show is based on the character created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. After the success of the series, there were three movies filmed for television: "The Incredible Hulk Returns" (1988), directed by Nicholas Corea; "The Trial of the Incredible Hulk" (1989); and "The Death of the Incredible Hulk", directed by Bixby.


title: Bill Bixby

text: Bill Bixby was nominated for three Emmy Awards for his work in "The Courtship of Eddie's Father" (1969), "The Streets of San Francisco" (1972), and "Rich Man, Poor Man" (1976).


title: Glomerular filtration rate

text: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used by physicians and other medical professionals to see if the kidneys are working correctly. In basic terms, it is a measurement of how much liquid and waste is passing from the blood through the tiny filters in the kidney, called the glomeruli, and out into the urine during each minute. The test measures how much creatinine is in the blood. This shows how well the kidneys are performing. In a normal healthy person the GFR stays close to the same value all of the time. The test is done by taking blood from a person and sending it to a laboratory. Normal values are between 90ml/min and 110ml/min. A value below 60ml/minute means the person has chronic renal disease and a value below 15ml/minute means the person's kidneys have stopped working.


title: Glomerular filtration rate

text: Measurement of the GFR can be very helpful to medical professionals. It helps them decide if a person has a disease of the kidneys or not. A normal value for GFR is between 90-110ml/min. This will normally go down in older people. It will also go down in people with kidney disease. As well as helping a medical professional diagnose a kidney disease, the GFR is also used to monitor the progress of a disease.


title: Glomerular filtration rate

text: The test begins by taking blood from a person's veins. The most common places are the vein in the elbow and the veins on the back of the hands. People usually feel a sharp stinging pain when the needle enters their skin. After the blood is drawn out, it is sent to a medical laboratory where a laboratory technician calculates the GFR. It is possible to calculate an exact value for the GFR but this is rarely done any more. Most of the time, the value is estimated (this is called an eGFR). The basis for this estimate is a chemical in the blood called creatinine. The calculation may also include things such as gender, age, height, weight, and race. Getting an exact measurement needs more tests and special equipment. Doctors now normally use the estimated GFR with signs, symptoms and the medical history given by the patient to come to a diagnosis. A final diagnosis of kidney disease may sometimes be made by a pathologist using tests such as a kidney biopsy.


title: Glomerular filtration rate

text: There are some slight risks when this test is done. These include, too much bleeding from the needle entering the skin and vein, blood collecting under the skin, feeling faint, and infection from the skin being pierced by the needle.


title: Glomerular filtration rate

text: There are many functions that make up the GFR. These include: nitrogen based waste, sodium (salt), water, potassium, phosphate, and some medicines dissolved in the plasma such as digoxin and gentamicin. Blood pressure, the balance of acids to bases, the release of erythropoietin (a chemical that tells the body to make more red blood cells). The activation of vitamin D1, the formation of glucose in the fasting state, and the creation of peptide hormones (including insulin) all affect the GFR.


title: Glomerular filtration rate

text: A GFR of less than 60ml/minute for three or more months indicates chronic kidney disease. A GFR of less than 15ml/minute indicates full failure of the kidneys. GFR estimates between 60 and 89 mL/minute do not mean a person has chronic kidney disease unless there are other signs of disease. People with either higher than normal amounts of muscle mass, such as bodybuilders or people with lower than normal amounts of muscle mass, such as amputees or people with muscle wasting disorders (when the muscles become less dense than normal) can have GFR test results that do not appear normal, but may still be normal. A medical professional will explain the meaning of any GFR test done on a patient.


title: Jean-Paul Sartre

text: Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French existentialist philosopher, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, and critic. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1964, but refused it, saying "a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution". He was a Marxist and an atheist.


title: Jean-Paul Sartre

text: Sartre was born in Paris, France. He studied philosophy at the "École Normale Supérieure", an élite (high quality) education establishment. In 1929, Sartre graduated with a doctorate in philosophy. Sartre served in the French Army from 1929 to 1931.


title: Jean-Paul Sartre

text: In 1929 at the École Normale, he met Simone de Beauvoir, who studied at the Sorbonne. She went on to become a noted philosopher, writer, and feminist. The two became inseparable and lifelong companions. In 1938, Sartre wrote the novel called "La Nausée" (Nausea). This story explains the way of thinking of existentialism. Existentialism is a way of thinking about human freedom.


title: Jean-Paul Sartre

text: In 1939 Sartre was drafted into the French army. France was at war with Germany, because Germany had invaded France (World War II) Sartre was captured by German troops in 1940, and Sartre spent nine months as a prisoner of war in a camp. Sartre was released from the prison camp (jail) in 1941. He then began working as a teacher again. He made friends with other writers and thinkers such as Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Toussaint and Dominique Desanti, and Jean Kanapa.


title: Jean-Paul Sartre

text: In 1943, Sartre wrote a book about philosophy (ways of thinking) called "L'Être et le Néant", which means "Being and Nothingness". In this book, Sartre said that when people tried too hard to conform to the rules of society (or of their country), then people did not really make their own decisions. And he concluded that life is useless disaster.


title: Jean-Paul Sartre

text: In 1945, Sartre started a newspaper called "Les Temps Modernes" (Modern Times), which had articles about politics, art and literature. He also began writing a group of novels (stories) called "Les Chemins de la Liberté" (The Roads to Freedom). In 1946 Sartre wrote a book about philosophy (ways of thinking) called "Existentialism is a Humanism", which explains existentialism.