title: Astrobiology

text: Some possible places to find life in the solar system are Europa, Ganymede, moons of Jupiter, or Titan and Enceladus, both moons of Saturn. Some of these places may have liquid water, or, in the case of Titan, hydrocarbons that could support a different type of life. They may be too cold to support life on their surfaces, but if they have liquid water, the water must be warm enough to support life. Astrobiologists suggest that there may be a liquid water ocean under their surfaces.


title: Turbulence

text: Turbulence or turbulent flow is violent, unsteady, chaotic movement of fluids like air and water. It is contrasted with laminar flow. Most motion of fluids in real life (outside laboratories) is turbulent.


title: Penelope

text: Penelope is a woman from the Greek mythology. She is the wife of Odysseus of Ithaca and mother of Telemachus. She became a symbol for the faithful wife.


title: Timbaland

text: Timothy Zachery Mosley, known professionally as Timbaland, (born March 10, 1972) is an American record producer, rapper, singer, songwriter and record executive. He is from Norfolk, Virginia.


title: Penelope

text: When her husband Odysseus was on his long journey home, many people thought he was dead. Because of this, many suitors came who wanted to marry Penelope, because then they would own her land and wealth, and become king of Ithaca.


title: Timbaland

text: Timbaland owns his own record label, Mosley Music Group, which is under Universal Music Group. Timbaland has also taught and nurtured other record producers like Danja, Polow da Don, Ryan Tedder and Jim Beanz.


title: Penelope

text: Penelope thinks of several tricks so that she does not have to marry one of the suitors. One trick is that she tells the suitors that she will first weave a cloth for the funeral of Odysseus' father, and when she was finished she would marry one of the suitors. But every night she undoes her weaving again, so that she never finishes it.


title: Desert Eagle

text: The Desert Eagle is a semi-automatic pistol that shoots very large handgun cartridges. There are models that can shoot the .357 Magnum, the .44 Magnum, or the .50 Action Express (AE). It is the world's most powerful semi-automatic pistol that is mass-produced and can be sold to civilians. Even though the gun is very powerful, it is not very popular for military use because it is too heavy and kicks back too hard for it to be useful in battle. However, it is a popular weapon in movies and in video games because of its size and stopping power, such as in "The Matrix", "RoboCop", "The Boondock Saints", "Counter-Strike", the "Call of Duty" series, "Battlefield 4", "Far Cry 4", the "Grand Theft Auto" series, and many others.


title: Murray Rothbard

text: Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American economist and writer. He helped make the Austrian School of economics popular in the United States.


title: Murray Rothbard

text: Rothbard helped to create modern libertarianism, a political belief in less government and more personal freedom. He founded a form of free-market anarchism which he called "anarcho-capitalism". Rothbard believed society should organise itself, and he didn't like central planning.


title: Murray Rothbard

text: Rothbard wrote over twenty books and was an important central figure in the American libertarian movement.


title: Murray Rothbard

text: Rothbard advocated the abolition of government control of society and the economy. He considered the monopoly force of government the greatest danger to liberty and the long-term well-being of the people. He called the state a "gang of thieves writ large — the most immoral, grasping and unscrupulous individuals in any society".


title: Murray Rothbard

text: Rothbard thought that all services provided by monopoly governments could be provided more efficiently by the private sector. According to him, many regulations and laws passed "for the public interest" were self-interested power grabs by scheming government bureaucrats to make themselves look important. These schemes were not subject to market disciplines.


title: Murray Rothbard

text: Government services were not efficient, and would get eliminated, if the services could be provided by competition in the private sector.


title: Murray Rothbard

text: Rothbard was equally condemning of big business working with government. Business elites, he thought, used government's monopoly power so as to influence laws and regulatory policy to help themselves at the expense of their competitive rivals.


title: Murray Rothbard

text: He argued that taxation was theft on a grand scale, backed by law. It was "a compulsory monopoly of force" which prevented the more efficient voluntary procurement of defense and judicial services from competing suppliers. He also argued against central banking and fractional reserve banking. A monopoly system where the government decides how much money to print is, to him, a form of state-sponsored, legalized financial fraud. It is against libertarian principles and ethics. Rothbard opposed military, political, and economic interferences in the affairs of other nations.


title: Biofilm

text: These sticky cells create a slimy layer outside the cells of the body. The cells in the biofilm produce extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and DNA. Because they have three-dimensional structure they are a community lifestyle for microorganisms. They have been metaphorically described as "cities for microbes".


title: Biofilm

text: The biofilm bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in their local environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and the host's immune system. The film of bacteria which live on your teeth are an example. Biofilms also form on inorganic objects like stones in water.


title: William Adelin

text: William Adelin (1103–1120), sometimes Atheling , was the Duke of Normandy and heir apparent to the crown of England.


title: Soldier Field

text: Soldier Field is a large stadium in Chicago. It is the home of NFL team Chicago Bears and MLS team Chicago Fire FC. The stadium is also used for concerts by the Rolling Stones, U2, and Bon Jovi as well as special events such as the American Idol auditions and the 2006 International Gay Games opening ceremony. It seats 61,500 people.


title: William Adelin

text: William, born in 1103, was the only son of Henry I of England and his wife Matilda of Scotland. He was nicknamed Adelin meaning crown prince as he was the heir apparent to the throne. Henry of Huntingdon said of young William that he was full of pride and was arrogant. The historian William of Malmesbury quotes him as saying of the English: "if he came to reign over them, he would make them draw the plough like oxen." Henry arranged a marriage for his young son to Matilda of Anjou. She was the eldest daughter of Count Fulk V of Anjou in February 1113 near Alençon. But Fulk agreed to this without the permission of the king of France.


title: William Adelin

text: During king Henry I's lifetime William was invested by Henry as Duke of Normandy. But this was a title he held more in name than practice. Henry made William the duke when he was pressed by the king of France, Louis VI, to pledge his fealty. Henry as a king himself thought this was beneath him so in 1115 he offered to have William do this in his place. The offer was at first refused. But, later after a period of war Louis accepted him. William did homage to Louis VI in the middle of 1120.


title: William Adelin

text: William's mother Queen Matilda served as Henry's in England while he was away in Normandy. After her death in 1118 William was old enough to serve as regent which he did for a year. It is clear that a group of Henry's advisors were there to help both Matilda and William.


title: William Adelin

text: In 1119, William and Matilda of Anjou married. The ceremony took place in June at the cathedral of Lisieux. The lordship of Maine was to be Matilda's dowry.


title: William Adelin

text: William died in the White Ship tragedy of 25 November 1120. The "White Ship" was a newer vessel and her captain was Thomas FitzStephen. He offered to let Henry I of England use it to return to England from Barfleur in Normandy. Henry had already arranged his passage but allowed his son William Adelin and many other nobles to use the White Ship.


title: William Adelin

text: According to Orderic Vitalis William Adelin and his friends were drinking liberally and allowed the ship's crew to have drink also. By the time the ship was ready to leave there were about 300 people on board. Told to overtake the king's ship the captain set sail after dark. But the ship soon hit a rock in the harbor and quickly sank. William Adelin got into a small to escape but turned back to help his half-sister, Matilda, Countess of Perche. When others tried to climb into the boat it was swamped and sank. William and all of his companions died.


title: William Adelin

text: William's wife was on another ship at the time of the disaster, and survived him. Henry I kept her in England in hopes of marrying her to a nobleman. He wanted to control the county of Maine through her. But her father returned from Jerusalem a year later. He demanded she be returned to Anjou. But Henry refused. Eventually Henry sent her home. She returned to Anjou where she became a nun. Eventually she became Abbess of Fontevrault.


title: William Adelin

text: The sinking of the White ship was tremendous loss for Henry. His only son and heir was lost. Several of Henry's illegitimate children were lost as well. The remaining 300 who drowned were among the richest and best known of the nobility of the day. It was the worst maritime disaster of the Middle Ages.


title: William Adelin

text: William Adelin's body was never found meaning there could be no funeral and no tomb. Henry's good fortune took a turn for the worse. Since William Adelin had died and his wife eventually returned to Anjou, Henry's alliance with her father was now cancelled. Henry quickly remarried to Adeliza, the daughter of Godfrey, Duke of Brabant. Although still a teenager she became a popular queen. Even so they never had any children so Henry's attempt to have a male heir to succeed him died with William Adelin.


title: Mount Washington (New Hampshire)

text: Mount Washington is the tallest mountain in New Hampshire. It is also the tallest in the northeastern United States. It is tall. The mountain is known for cold and stormy weather. Some people think it has the "worst weather in the world". The highest wind speed ever measured on earth, , was recorded there.


title: Mount Washington (New Hampshire)

text: The Native American name for the mountain was Agiocochook (or Agiochook). It was thought to be the home of the Great Spirit. As early as 1628 it appears in print as "Christall hill" (Crystal Hill). In July 1874 it was given its current name, Mt. Washington, after George Washington. A road to the summit was completed in 1859. It allowed horses and carriages to travel to the top. The road is still there today.


title: Mount Washington (New Hampshire)

text: On 31 August 1899, Freelan O. Stanley and his wife drove a Stanley Steamer motor car to the top of Mt. Washington. Not counting stops to add water, the car took two hours and ten minutes to reach the top.


title: Mount Washington (New Hampshire)

text: In 1869 a cog railroad was built to carry tourists to the top of the mountain. It carried so many passengers at a time a new hotel had to be built in 1873. Sylvester Marsh designed this system and in 1866 he raised funds to build the first cog railroad; it was to the top of Mt. Washington. He was called "Crazy Marsh" because a railroad going up a mountain was thought to be impossible. But Marsh wasn't crazy. He took out patents on his design. Customers paid to ride to the top even before it was finished. They called the ride "Jacob’s Ladder". It is still in operation today climbing the mountain at .


title: Liver (food)

text: Liver is a food which humans can eat. It is offal, which means it is not muscle tissue. The flavor might be strong for some people, so it might be slightly over-seasoned.


title: Liver (food)

text: The liver stores vitamin A and other things. Vitamin A is used by the body to make rhodopsin, a molecule which absorbs light. It is needed for low-level vision and colour vision. Vitamin A also plays a key role in gene transcription. It also plays a key role in the immune system.


title: Liver (food)

text: Once made, vitamin A cannot be broken down by the body, and it is not easily excreted. So it tends to build up in the liver if too much is eaten. Vitamin A is fat-soluble, so getting rid of any excess taken in through diet takes much longer than with water-soluble B vitamins and vitamin C. This allows for toxic levels of vitamin A to build up.


title: Liver (food)

text: It is not good to eat cooked liver too often. Eating lots of liver, especially from carnivorous animals, will give a person too much vitamin A.


title: Sola fide

text: Sola fide means "Faith only". Most protestants believe that people must trust Jesus. They have to trust that Jesus brings people back into relationship with God. Christians believe that sin creates a gap between people and God, and Jesus, who was perfect, died, taking the punishment for sin in place of people, bridging the gap. This is called salvation because Jesus 'saves' people from a life and afterlife without God. The idea of "sola fide" means that trust in Jesus is the only way to get salvation and finally get into heaven after death.


title: Sola fide

text: This belief in faith as the only way to be saved was a principle of the Protestant Reformation of the reformer of the Catholic Church Martin Luther and is a principle of Protestants today (see Five solas). Some groups like the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christians believe Jesus died to bridge the gap between God and people, but they must also try to be good people in order to get salvation. Protestants also believe that Christians need to do what is right, but their salvation only depends on their faith.


title: Nick at Nite

text: Nick at Nite (stylized as nick@nite) is an American nighttime programming block. It is broadcast on the same channel as Nickelodeon. It usually broadcasts from 9 p.m. to 7 a.m. (Sundays–Fridays), 9:30 p.m. to 7 a.m. (Saturdays) ET/PT. The block is marketed as a separate network from Nickelodeon for ratings purposes, similar to Adult Swim, the nighttime branding of Cartoon Network.


title: Nick at Nite

text: Nick at Nite primarily appeals to adult and older youth audiences, mainly carrying syndicated sitcoms and films from as recent as the mid-2010s to the late 1980s.


title: Nick at Nite

text: Via Nickelodeon, Nick at Nite is available in 92.0 million households in North America as of January 2016.


title: Norwegian Dawn

text: The Norwegian Dawn is a cruise ship that began sailing in 2002 and is currently in operation with Norwegian Cruise Line.


title: Norwegian Dawn

text: The "Norwegian Dawn" was ordered from shipbuilders Meyer-Werft, Papenburg, Germany. It was delivered in 2001 to Star Cruises. But, it was decided by Star Cruises that "SuperStar Libra" and "SuperStar Scorpio" would start being used as part of the fleet operated by subsidiary company Norwegian Cruise Line. These vessels would become "Norwegian Star" and "Norwegian Dawn". In 2002, "Norwegian Dawn" was delivered to NCL. It is the second SuperStar.


title: Norwegian Dawn

text: The "Norwegian Dawn" sails from New York City to Port Canaveral, Florida; Miami, Florida; Nassau, Bahamas; and Great Stirrup Cay.


title: Hemerophile

text: Hemerophile is a term used for animals and plants that profit from the changes humans have made to their environment. For this reason, they can often be found in the cultural landscape of humans; they are said to follow humans. Some species that live closely together with humans, and that have followed them to their immediate surroundings are called synanthropes.


title: The Closer I Get to You

text: "The Closer I Get to You" is an American song first performed by Donny Hathaway and Roberta Flack. The original version was released in February 1978. The song was a major crossover hit for Flack. It peaked near #2 on Billboard Hot 100. It has been covered by other musicians, including Luther Vandross and Beyoncé.


title: Alexander Butterfield

text: Alexander Porter Butterfield (born April 6, 1926) is a U.S. military officer, public servant, and businessman. He served as the deputy assistant to President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1973.


title: Alexander Butterfield

text: Butterfield revealed the existence of the White House taping system on July 13, 1973, during the Watergate scandal investigation, but had no involvement in the scandal. From 1973 to 1975, he served as administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.


title: Moti Daman Fort

text: Moti Daman Fort is in the Union territory Daman and Diu, i.e. Daman. It is 112 sq.km. in size. Daman has a little more than 243,000 people. The union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli have been combined into one unit. There are two forts in Daman, Moti Daman Fort and Nani Daman Fort.


title: Moti Daman Fort

text: The Fort of Moti Daman has an area of 30,000 sq metres and still has cannons on its walls. The original colour of the wall cannot be seen because moss has grown on it. The old buildings are still intact and people use them as government offices now. People can visit the fort. There is a lighthouse inside the fort. It has a view of the Moti Daman, Nani Daman and the beach. A house where the Portuguese poet Bokage lived is near the entrance of the fort.


title: Moti Daman Fort

text: Inside the fort, there are three main churches, Church of Bom Jesus, the Chapel of Our Lady of the Rosary and the Church of Our Lady of Remedies. Church of Bom Jesus is the most famous of them all.


title: Moti Daman Fort

text: The Church of Bom Jesus is an example of Portuguese architecture. It was established in the year 1559 and was consecrated in 1603. The Shrine, the wooden altars and the intricately carved gateways give off the vibe of the olden days. The southern entrance has the statues of six saints and the whole monument shouts of traditional Roman architecture. Both tourists and religious visitors come to see it.


title: Moti Daman Fort

text: Nani Daman Fort is a small fort with high stone walls. It has two gateways with two huge human figures that face towards the Daman Ganga River. The Fort is a smaller version of Moti Daman Fort with an area of 12,250 sq. metres. The church of Our Lady of the Sea is one of the main buildings in it.


Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins is a 2000 American direct-to-video movie and is a spin-off of the "Toy Story" movies. It was directed by Tad Stones and starring Tim Allen, Wayne Knights, Stephen Furst, Nicole Sullivan, Patrick Warburton, Sean Hayes, Jim Hanks, Kevin Michael Richardson, Diedrich Bader, Frank Welker, Courteney Cox. It was distributed by Walt Disney.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Florentino Pérez Rodríguez (; born 8 March 1947) is a Spanish businessman, civil engineer, and politician. He serves as president of Real Madrid Football Club, and ACS.


title: Yusuf al-Qaradawi

text: Yusuf al-Qaradawi (; or "Yusuf al-Qardawi"; 9 September 1926 – 26 September 2022) was an Egyptian-born Qatari Islamic theologian. He spent most of his life in Doha, Qatar. He is the chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars.


title: Yusuf al-Qaradawi

text: He is best known for his programme, "al-Sharīʿa wa al-Ḥayāh" ("Sharia and Life"), broadcast on Al Jazeera, which has an audience of 60 million worldwide. He is also well known for IslamOnline, a popular website he helped found in 1997 and for which he now serves as chief religious scholar.


title: Kiko, Princess Akishino

text: , born ; 11 September 1966), is the wife of Fumihito, Prince Akishino, the brother of the current emperor of Japan, Naruhito.


title: Bikol languages

text: Bikol languages are a group of language spoken by people in the Bicol region on southeastern Luzon in the Philippines. They was highly affected by the Spanish language. They are spoken mostly on the Bicol Peninsula of the island of Luzon, parts of Catanduanes and Burias Islands and Masbate province. There are similar to the Visayan languages. The two together are called the Bisacol languages. Central Bicol or Bicol-Naga is the most spoken language in the Bicol region. It is spoken in the northern and western part of Camarines Sur, second congressional district of Camarines Norte, eastern part of Albay, northeastern part of Sorsogon, San Pascual town of Masbate and southwestern part of Catanduanes. Central Bicol speakers can be found in all the provinces in Bicol, It is a majority language in Camarines Sur.


title: Frontier Airlines

text: Frontier Airlines is an American ultra low-fare airline. It is based in Denver, Colorado. It has focus cities at Atlanta, Chicago, Cleveland, Miami, Orlando, Trenton.


title: Frontier Airlines

text: Frontier was founded in February 1994, after Continental Airlines closed its hub at Denver. By July 1994, Frontier had started flights with Boeing 737 airplanes. In 1999, the airline bought Airbus A320 family airplanes. As of 2016, Frontier owns 61 Airbus airplanes. Republic Airways Holdings bought Frontier in 2009. Frontier was later sold to Indigo Partners in 2013. Indigo Partners also owns Spirit Airlines. Since 2015, Frontier and Spirit have been thinking about combining to create one large ultra-low fare airline. In February 2022, the two companies announced that they were merging.


title: Lil Yachty

text: Miles Parks McCollum (born August 23, 1997), known professionally as Lil Yachty, is an American rapper and singer from Atlanta.


title: Lil Yachty

text: McCollum first received attention in August 2015 for his single "One Night". It peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100. Since then he has released four projects, "Lil Boat", "Summer Songs", "Summer Songs 2", and "Teenage Emotions". "Teenage Emotions" peaked at number 5 on the US Billboard 200. He has also appeared on "KYLE's" "iSpy" and DRAM's "Broccoli". "iSpy" reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and "Broccoli" reached number 5.


title: Dave Bing

text: David Bing (born November 24, 1943) is an American businessman, retired basketball player, and former mayor. He was mayor of Detroit, Michigan from 2009 to 2013.


title: Dave Bing

text: After starring at Syracuse University, Bing played 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a guard for the Detroit Pistons (1966 to 1975), Washington Bullets (1975 to 1977) and Boston Celtics (1977–78). He is now in the Basketball Hall of Fame.


title: Dave Bing

text: Bing entered Detroit politics as a Democrat in 2008. He announced his intentions to run for mayor in Detroit's non-partisan primary to finish the term of Kwame Kilpatrick. Kilpatrick had resigned during a corruption investigation. After winning the primary, Bing then defeated interim Mayor Kenneth Cockrel, Jr. and was sworn in as mayor in May 2009. Later that year, Bing was re-elected to a full term.


title: Field hospital

text: A field hospital is a small mobile medical facility that takes care of casualties close to the battlefield, or in case of disasters, the scene of the natural or man-made catastrophe. The World Health Organization gives the definition of a field hospital as: "a mobile, self-contained, self-sufficient health care facility capable of rapid deployment and expansion or contraction to meet immediate emergency requirements for a specified period of time". The treatment of wounds received in war is an ancient art. The term "field hospital" is most often used as a military term.


title: Field hospital

text: It has been the custom of removing wounded soldiers from the battlefield and caring for them since ancient times. They were taken to temporary shelters and given what care was customary for that time period.


title: Field hospital

text: In Homer's Iliad, it makes brief mention of Machaon and Podalirius. These are the earliest mention in literature of field surgeons who helped fallen soldiers. The Greeks and Romans were known to use nearby houses, stables and temples as field hospitals to care for wounded soldiers. Even then, Romans understood drainage and sewage systems helped keep field hospitals clean and get injured soldiers back to health again.


title: Field hospital

text: Among the men returning from the Crusades were many lame, blind and sick who needed care. The Church set up Religious orders to care for the sick and injured. One group who provided this care was called the Knights Hospitallers. They had set up field hospitals at Jerusalem and Acre from 1120 to 1291.


title: Field hospital

text: Medieval Spain was fairly advanced in field medicine. When Spanish armies went on campaigns, medics and surgeons went with them. During the 13th century, hospitals followed the Arabic pattern of orgainzing patients into different areas based on sex, type of disease or injuries. During the Conquest of Granada, when Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile expelled the Moors from Northern Spain, Queen Isabella had established ambulances and field hospitals for her soldiers.


title: Field hospital

text: Near the end of the 18th century, France began paying closer attention to the poor condition of its hospitals. In Paris, the Hôtel Dieu was full of disease and vermin. It had about 1,220 beds and up to six patients shared a bed. Others lay in halls on piles of straw in extremely dirty conditions. When doctors came to visit in the morning, they had to hold sponges dipped in vinegar over their faces because of the bad smell. The Hôtel-Dieu was not a military hospital, but was typical of most hospitals at the time. In 1788, the French Academy of Sciences made several recommendations to make hospitals cleaner and have better ventilation. It laid out the size the rooms should be, that they should contain 34 to 36 beds and have floor to ceiling windows. The committee borrowed several ideas from visiting England and seeing hospitals there.


title: Field hospital

text: Field hospitals during the Napoleonic era were crude by modern standards. There was still no knowledge of hygiene, antibiotics had not yet been discovered and amputation was the most common treatment for battlefield wounds. Soldiers sometimes waited for days to be removed from the battlefield. The wounded had no water or food, and flies would plague them as they lay there bleeding. Many died from infection before getting medical help. If they were removed, they were sent to makeshift surgical facilities where overworked surgeons did the best they could. In a "field hospital" they had to endure amputations with no anesthetic. Officers were sometimes offered rum or brandy while regular soldiers were given a piece of wood to bite down on. The prospects for surviving their wounds were dim.


title: Field hospital

text: By 1861, medical knowledge and equipment still had far to go. Treating wounds, infections and diseases often did more harm than good. Doctors did not understand what caused infections and could do very little to treat them. Estimates are that twice as many soldiers died from disease as died from gunshot wounds. Camp hygiene was extremely poor. Sanitation facilities, the lack of shelter, clothing, shoes and food all contributed to high death rates in the camps. Prisoners of war lived under the most miserable conditions. Dysentery was extremely common in most camps because of poor sanitation and contaminated water. Doctors did not wash instruments or their hands as they moved from patient to patient. Nurses who tended the sick risked catching the diseases themselves. With the crude state of medicine at the time, most diseases could be fatal. While medical knowledge and conditions gradually improved during the war, it still wasn't enough to save thousands of lost lives.


title: Field hospital

text: In World War I, the U.S. Army used "evacuation hospitals" (called "evacs") which were a part of getting them care as soon as possible. Stretcher bearers were medical soldiers who carried the wounded off the field. They were first brought to the Battalion Aid Station. Here medics gave basic first aid. For any more serious treatment stretcher bearers and ambulances took the wounded to a field hospital. At the field hospital, they went through triage which was a process of sorting out patients by how serious and life-threatening their wounds were. Soldiers who were exposed to poison gas were treated at specially equipped hospitals. After triage, they were taken by ambulance to the evacuation hospitals. There they received surgery and would stay there while they got better. After the evac hospital, they went to base hospitals where they could receive more care and rest. World War I was the first time the army experimented with mobile hospitals.


title: Field hospital

text: During World War II, allied field hospitals were mobile. They usually held about 400 beds while the more stationary evacuation hospitals could be 400 or 750 bed hospitals. The mobile hospitals would arrive within days after an invasion and would move with the armies, always remaining a few miles behind the front lines. They usually used canvas tents but would also use any buildings in the area when available. When the field hospital was about to move, they stopped accepting casualties and sent those they had to other field hospitals. They then packed their tents and equipment onto trucks and moved to the new location. Within a few hours they were ready to accept wounded soldiers again.


title: Field hospital

text: The World War II German field hospitals were very similar to those of the U.S. Army. But the Germans differed in their triage procedures were different. Their first aid was given at a "verwundetennest" by army medics (not doctors). This consisted of using bandages and/or splints and were located very close to if not on the battlefield. They were then sent to the "truppenverbandplatz" (aid station) where they were seen by a doctor. After this patients who were stabilized were sent to a "hauptverbandplatz" (clearing station). This was located about from the front and usually had two doctors (but more were added as needed). They had a staff that could take care of about 200 patients (more staff was added if necessary). If the soldier had an abdomenal or other serious wound, they were given surgery here. Then, after the most serious were taken care of, any less serious wounds that needed surgery were taken care of. For those who had severe bone fractures, brain injuries or chest wounds, they were sent to a military hospital called a "kriegslazarett".


title: Field hospital

text: In the United States, there are more than 75 military hospitals and 461 clinics who see both military personnel and their families. In times of emergency, they see civilian patients. Another example is Israel. The Israel Defense Forces can set up a field hospital within 12 hours of arriving when local hospitals are either overwhelmed or are not functioning. These are two examples of modern military field hospitals serving a dual purpose.


title: Field hospital

text: For countries affected by natural disasters, many (in the Americas at least) have most of the supplies they need already in the country. This is contrary to what the news media often reports. Ironically, this causes many well-meaning people to send donations to places where they may not be drastically needed. Also, field hospitals that are already in the country can usually be set up much faster than waiting on other countries to send field hospitals. For those countries who do not have these resources, one of the items highest on their list of things to have in case of emergency are field hospitals.


title: Field hospital

text: Modern field hospitals have changed from canvas tents to modern, well-equipped health care centers. While many are still made of fabric, they are specifically designed to be clean, safe and comfortable shelters. They are highly mobile and may be found in nearly all parts of the world. They range in size from small single room shelters to fully equipped hospitals with 200 or more beds. They provide all kinds of necessary medical care. Modern field hospitals may have emergency rooms (ER), intensive care unit (ICU) and outpatient clinics. They provide all areas of needed health care from first aid to psychological care to preventive healthcare.


title: Field hospital

text: Often, international disaster responses are limited by politics more than availability of equipment and personnel. The affected country, international relief organizations (e.g. the United Nations), non-profit organizations or the country providing the emergency relief often cause delays or otherwise limit the providing of emergency medical facilities. All too often the needs of that organization or government come first. Ideally, the situations should be quickly evaluated to determine what help is needed by those trained to do so. Then, the response should be based on humanitarian needs and not political considerations.


title: Field hospital

text: Under international humanitarian law hospitals of any kind have a special protected status. To deliberately attack a hospital or any medical unit is considered a war crime. It is also prohibited to use a hospital or medical facility as part of a military action. For example, to use a hospital as a fortification. It is also against international law to use a hospital, ambulance or any medical facility as camouflage to hide soldiers who are not wounded.


title: Field hospital

text: In addition to international law, the laws and military codes of all nations protect hospitals and medical personnel. This has been a basic part of international law since it was started in 1864. It is also a part of four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and was added to in 1977. Doctors, nurses and medical personnel have a duty to treat the sick and wounded in a war zone. Attacking them or the hospitals they work in is a crime on many levels.


title: Field hospital

text: International law protects medical personnel to make sure they are not subject to military interference. They must treat patients on their medical needs alone and may not be forced to give priority to treat one side or the other. Medical personnel cannot be punished for carrying out their medical activities no mater who the patient is. They may not violate doctor-patient confidentiality. All hospital personnel must remain neutral and ethical at all times and may not take sides in a war or dispute. Medical care units must collect all weapons at the entrance to the facility and store them until the patient is released.


title: Field hospital

text: If the territory or area that includes hospitals or mobile medical facilities is captured by enemy soldiers, medical personnel are not immune from being seized. The medical team as well as the patients (of either side) should be treated with respect. They must be allowed to perform their normal duties tending to the sick and wounded. In international conflicts, permanent medical personnel must be repatriated except for a short period of time when their services are needed to care for their patients. Permanent medical personnel are those who are assigned to a medical mission for the entire time of the conflict. Temporary personnel may be taken prisoner and their medical skills may be used during the time they are imprisoned. If a conflict is not international, then the above distinctions between permanent and temporary medical personnel are not made. But in no case may medical personnel be punished for caring for sick and wounded enemy soldiers.


title: Adaptive Combat Rifle

text: The Adaptive Combat Rifle (ACR) is a modular assault rifle, designed by Magpul Industries of Erie, Colorado, and known initially as the Masada. In late January 2008, Bushmaster made a licensing agreement with Magpul. In this agreement, Bushmaster would take over the production, development and sales of the ACR.


title: Adaptive Combat Rifle

text: Bushmaster Firearms, with the help from Remington Arms (a sister company) has made many design changes to the ACR. These were made to meet what the U.S. military requirements. The Remington ACR which is intended for the military market is capable of fully automatic fire. Bushmaster offers a semi-automatic only ACR for the civilian market. Bushmaster says that they will soon have conversion kits which can change the caliber of the rifle.


title: Adaptive Combat Rifle

text: The United States army was looking for a replacement to their M4 carbine. Remington Arms was part of the Army's Individual Carbine competition, and offered a modified ACR that fits the requirements.


title: Adaptive Combat Rifle

text: The Masada was developed over the course of five months. It was supposed to replace the M16 rifle completely. It was supposed to do this without any fundings from the government. Prototypes were shown at the 2007 SHOT Show in Orlando, Florida. It was supposed to be released some time in 2008. However, Bushmaster said on May 16, 2008 took over production and said that the ACR would not be released to the public until 2009. This was due to Bushmaster being focused more towards military projects. On November 18, 2008, Bushmaster released a statement saying, "The ACR is being redesigned to become a superior offering to compete for the next generation U.S. Army infantry carbine and subcompact weapon requirement and will be available to selected customers in 2009."


title: Adaptive Combat Rifle

text: The ACR was one of the weapons shown to the U.S. Army during an Industry Day on November 13, 2008. This Industry Day happened so that modern carbines could be looked at before it was decided what the weapon that would replace the M4 Carbine had to be like.


title: Adaptive Combat Rifle

text: On October 15, 2010, Bushmaster issued a recall of all ACR rifles, instructing users to "Please immediately discontinue the use of your ACR rifle" along with instructions to contact customer support for an RMA. Bushmaster stated that the recall was issued due to "a possible firearms performance issue that may develop with a small number of ACR rifles" and goes on to state that "Bushmaster discovered a design flaw which could result in multiple rounds firing continuously when the trigger is pulled". Bushmaster has stated that it will cover all of the costs associated with repairs to recalled rifles.


title: Adaptive Combat Rifle

text: The first design is many recent rifle designs combined. Its designers say that it takes the best parts of each and puts them into a light, modular rifle. Some features from the Armalite AR-18, the FN SCAR, the Heckler & Koch G36/XM8, the M16/AR-15, and the M16 can be seen clearly. The cyclic rate of fire is around 650–700 rounds per minute. The ACR can easily swap caliber by changing the bolt head, magazine and barrel.


title: Adaptive Combat Rifle

text: The ACR is available in multiple barrel lengths; 8.25″, 10.5″, 14.5″, 16.5″ and 18.5″ barrels. For the 5.56mm configuration, it uses a 30-round Magpul PMag, though it is also compatible with STANAG magazines. Magpul claims that PMags are much more difficult to break or damage than other magazines, and is also compatible to other rifle families like the M16 rifle family. The ACR was engineered to still function reliably even if it was exposed to sand, dirt, mud and water.


title: Times Square Ball

text: The Times Square Ball is a time ball (a ball dropped at a certain time) at the top of the One Times Square building in Times Square in New York City. It is used as part of the New Year's Eve celebration held yearly in Times Square.


title: Times Square Ball

text: Every year at 11:59 p.m. EST, the ball is lowered 141 feet (43 m) from a flagpole, reaching the bottom at midnight to signal the start of a new year. The first ball drop took place on December 31, 1907. It has been dropped every year since then (except in 1942 and 1943 because of World War II). The ball's design has been changed many times over the years. The current design has LED lighting and triangle-shaped crystal panels. Starting in 2009, the ball is shown in One Times Square throughout the year.


title: Times Square Ball

text: The Times Square ball drop is one of the best-known New Year's Eve celebrations in the world. Over one million people come to Times Square every year to see the ball drop. The ball drop is shown on several major television networks. The best known is ABC, which broadcasts "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve", hosted by Dick Clark until his death in 2012. Ryan Seacrest has hosted the show since 2005-06. In 1904 they organized an New Years Eve party at Times Square without the ball.


title: Bhangra (dance)

text: Bhangra is an Indian dance from the Punjab. It is the most famous dance there. It has spread to other parts of the subcontinent, and to other countries such as the U.K. Bhangra has a specific kind of music like an upbeat song.


title: Bhangra (dance)

text: The traditional form of Bhangra danced in the villages of Sialkot district is regarded as the standard. The community form of traditional Bhangra has been kept in the Gurdaspur district, India, and in Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India. Traditional Bhangra is performed in a circle.


title: Romantic friendship

text: A romantic friendship, passionate friendship or affectionate friendship is a close but non-sexual relationship between friends that often has some physical and emotional closeness.


title: Maravar

text: Maravar is a Tamil community of the state of Tamil Nadu, southern India, and are one of the three branches of the Mukkulathor confederacy or league of caste.Members of the Maravar community often use the honorific title "Thevar".The term "Maravar" has diverse proposed etymologies; it may come simply from a Tamil word "maravar" (warrior), or a term meaning "bravery".


title: M66 motorway

text: The M66 is a motorway in North West England. It links Manchester and the M60 and M62 motorways to Bury. The motorway carries on as the A56, which joins onto the M65. The M66 is about long.


title: The Oily Maniac

text: The Oily Maniac or "Oily Maniac" is a 1976 Hong Kong horror science-fiction fantasy monster movie produced by Shaw Brothers Studio, the film directed by Ho Meng Hua. loosely remake of "Sumpah Orang Minyak" an Indonesian horror movie in 1958.


title: The Oily Maniac

text: Shen Yuan while digging inside an oil from underground hole and turns him to the Oily Maniac monster.


title: Blackburn Rovers F.C.

text: Blackburn Rovers F.C. is an English football club. They play at Ewood Park, which is in Blackburn, Lancashire. The manager of the club is Tony Mowbray.


title: Blackburn Rovers F.C.

text: Blackburn Rovers won the FA Premier League once in the 1994/1995 season. However, in 1999, they were relegated. Blackburn Rovers were then promoted.


title: Madame Bovary

text: Madame Bovary is a novel by Gustave Flaubert. It was published in 1856. It is the story of an unhappy middle class French housewife. She longs for the kind of romance and glamor that life in the country does not provide. After a few unfulfilling adulteries, she kills herself.


title: Madame Bovary

text: The story was first published in parts (serialization) in a magazine. It was thought obscene. Flaubert and his publisher were charged with immorality, but were acquitted.


title: Madame Bovary

text: The story was a great success when published in book form in 1857. It is thought one of the greatest novels ever written. It has been adapted to different media. An American movie starring Jennifer Jones is perhaps the best known adaptation to Americans.


title: Cave of the Patriarchs

text: The Cave of the Patriarchs, also called the Cave of Machpelah (Hebrew: מערת המכפלה, " ", trans. "cave of the double tombs") and known by Muslims as the Sanctuary of Abraham or the Ibrahimi Mosque (, "") is an archaeological site in Hebron, Israel. According to the Jewish tradition it is the site of the graves of Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, Jacob and Leah. These graves have been buried under a church built in the Byzantine Period in Israel, and which is now used as a mosque.


title: Iriomote cat

text: The Iriomote cat ("Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis") is a wildcat that lives only on Iriomote Island in Japan. It is a subspecies of the leopard cat ("Prionailurus bengalensis"). In Japanese, people call it "yamaneko", or "mountain cat."


title: Iriomote cat

text: This cat is a little larger than a domestic cat, with rounder ears and spots where a tabby cat would have stripes.


title: Iriomote cat

text: These cats live in forests and on hills with streams. They have been seen on beaches. They can climb trees and swim. There are almost no small mammals on Iriomote Island, so the cats cannot eat mice or other rodents the way wildcats in other places do. They eat many different kinds of things, for example insects, lizards, fish, and shrimp.


title: Iriomote cat

text: The females give birth to 1-4 kittens at a time in dens in trees or in crevices in rocks. People have seen kittens as young as three months living on their own. Scientists think it takes 10-12 months for them to become adults.


title: Iriomote cat

text: Ecologist Masako Izawa of the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa said she thinks there are fewer than 1000 Iromote cats in the wild. There may be only 100. This cat is endangered because of habitat loss, meaning that human beings build things in the places where they live. Some cats are hit by cars when they come to the road to eat dead frogs, dead lizards, and other animals that have been killed by cars. They are also endangered because domestic cats mate with them. Veterinarians have taught people on Iriomote Island to spay and neuter their pet cats to prevent this, the local government has tried to stop people from driving too fast and the government of Japan has made part of Iriomote Island a wildlife protection area.


title: Iriomote cat

text: For a time in the 1970s, the people who lived on Iriomote Island said the government of Japan thought the cats were more important than they were. One German scientist had asked the government of Japan to make all the human beings leave the island to protect the cat. Other scientists showed, however, that the cat can live next to humans and is not afraid to look for food near farms and rice paddies. In 2019, many Iriomote islanders said they were proud of their rare wildcat, though they worried that too many tourists would come to their island and damage it.


title: Stay with Me (Sam Smith song)

text: "Stay with Me" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. The song was released through his debut studio album "In the Lonely Hour" (2014). It was released in the United States on 14 April 2014 and in the United Kingdom on 18 May 2014.


title: Stay with Me (Sam Smith song)

text: "Stay with Me" is a gospel-inspired ballad. The song was written by Smith, James Napier, and William Phillips.


title: Stay with Me (Sam Smith song)

text: Tom Petty and Jeff Lynne receiving co-writer credits due to the song's similarity to Petty's single "I Won't Back Down".


title: Ancient Meitei language

text: Ancient Meitei or Old Manipuri was the early form of the present day Meitei language (Manipuri language) and was the national language of Ancient Manipur.


title: Ancient Meitei language

text: The language is as old as the reign of Emperor ""Tangja Leela Pakhangba"" in Ancient Manipur, right from 1445 BC, and was spoken upto the beginning of the Medieval Manipur.


The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC, ), also known as the People's PCC (, ) or simply the PCC (), is a political organization in the People's Republic of China. The organisation is made up of delegates from eight legally-allowed political parties and other organisations, as well as independent members.


title: Akie Abe

text: Akie Abe (, "Abe Akie"; Matsuzaki; born 10 June 1962) is a Japanese radio DJ. She is the widow of former Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe. This means, she was the Spouse of the Prime Minister of Japan twice from 2006 until 2007 and again from 2012 until 2020.


title: Akie Abe

text: Abe was the first spouse of a Japanese prime minister to actively use social media, and was active on Facebook and Instagram.


title: Coevolution

text: Coevolution is where the existence of one species is tightly bound up with the life of one or more other species. Species whose lives connect, evolve together. What happens is that survival rates in each species changes as a result of changes in the other species.


title: Coevolution

text: Coevolution is extremely common, and may involve more than two species. Mimicry rings, with dozens of species, are known.


title: Coevolution

text: New or 'improved' adaptations which occur in one species are often followed by the appearance and spread of related features in the other species.


title: Coevolution

text: The study of coevolution dates back to Darwin's "On the Origin of Species". There he discussed how cats increased heather by reducing mice. The point being that mice raid bumblebee nests and bumblebees pollinate red heather. So more cats cause more heather. In the last paragraph of the Origin Darwin remarks:


title: Coevolution

text: Hermann Müller was an important worker on co-evolution. His studies on bees and the evolution of flowers were quoted by Darwin in "The Descent of Man". His papers in the journal "Nature" had heading "On the fertilisation of flowers by insects and on the reciprocal adaptations of both". This shows Müller fully understood the concept of coevolution.


title: Coevolution

text: The life and death of living things is intimately connected, not just with the physical environment, but with the life of other species. These relationships are dynamic, and may continue for millions of years, as has the relationship between flowering plants and insects (pollination).<br>The gut contents, wing structures, and mouthparts of fossilized beetles and flies suggest that they acted as early pollinators. The association between beetles and angiosperms during the Lower Cretaceous period led to parallel radiations of angiosperms and insects into the late Cretaceous. The evolution of nectaries in Upper Cretaceous flowers signals the beginning of the mutualism between hymenopterans and angiosperms.


title: Coevolution

text: Another good example is malaria, in which there are three 'partners': the mosquito, the parasite "Plasmodium", and a land vertebrate, such as a mammal or bird. The actual species of malaria differs according to the vertebrate, so there are actually thousands of different relationships which follow the same pattern.


title: Coevolution

text: Adaptive radiation and speciation rates can be high in parasites. Sibling species are very common in the bug "Erythroneura", in which about 150 transfers from one host to another has resulted in about 500 species in the genus.


title: Coevolution

text: A huge number of species are parasitic. A survey of the feeding habits of British insects showed that about 35% were parasites on plants, and slightly more were parasites on animals. That means that nearly 71% of insects in Britain are parasitic. Since British insects are better known than those elsewhere (because of the length of time they have been studied), this means that by far the majority of insect species throughout the world are parasitic. Another estimate went:


title: Coevolution

text: There are several other invertebrate phyla which are wholly or largely parasitic. Flatworms and roundworms are found in virtually every wild species of vertebrate. Protozoan parasites are also ubiquitous. Hence parasitism is almost certainly the most common feeding method on Earth.


title: Coevolution

text: Recent publications have given an overview of the 150 years of research into co-evolution after the "Origin of species".


title: Coevolution

text: Many species are parasites or are specialised to live in one or a few hosts. A single species of tropical tree is, on average, a host to 162 host-specific beetle species. Since there are 50,000 tropical tree species, and beetles amount to 40% of total insect species, and there are also tree-specific species below the canopy, it is possible to estimate the total number of arthropod species living in tropical forests. The number is 30 million. This contrasts rather strongly with the total of 1.4 to 1.8 million species which have already been described. It seems textbooks have underestimated the number of species in existence by a factor of about 20.


title: Coevolution

text: The single factor which most causes this high number of species is phytophagy: the huge number of insect species, each eating one or a few plant species. And what insects do, so do fungi, nematodes, mites and other invertebrates.


title: Coevolution

text: The geographic mosaic theory of coevolution was developed by John N Thompson as a framework for envisioning the coevolutionary process in real populations and species. It has been an attempt to incorporate the minimum components of population biology needed for an ecologically and evolutionarily realistic theory of coevolution and evolving interactions in general. It applies to pairs of interacting species, small groups of interacting species, and large webs of interactions.


title: Coevolution

text: Assumptions: Geographic mosaic theory is based on several observations long known to biologists. These observation are taken as assumptions in the development of geographic mosaic theory:


title: Coevolution

text: The Hypothesis: From these assumptions, geographic mosaic theory argues that coevolution proceeds by natural selection acting on three sources of variation that affect interactions among species. These three sources of variation can be formally partitioned as genotype by genotype by environment interactions (GxGxE).


title: Coevolution

text: 1. Geographic selection mosaics: The "structure of natural selection" on interactions differs among environments (e.g., high vs. low temperatures, high vs. low nutrient conditions; a surrounding species web that is species-rich vs. species poor). This variation occurs because genes are expressed in different ways in different environments (GxE interactions) and species affect each other's fitness in different ways in different environments.


title: Coevolution

text: For example,  an interaction may be antagonistic in one environment and mutualistic in another environment; or it may be antagonistic in all environments but selection may favor different traits in different environments).


title: Coevolution

text: 2. Coevolutionary hotspots: The i"ntensity of reciprocal selection" differs among environments. Interactions are subject to reciprocal selection only within some local communities, called coevolutionary hotspots. These coevolutionary hotspots are embedded in a broader matrix of coevolutionary coldspots, where local natural selection is non-reciprocal or where only one of the participants occurs.


title: Coevolution

text: For example, an interaction may be mutualistic or antagonistic in some environments (coevolutionary hotspots) but commensalistic in other environments (coevolutionary coldspots).


title: Coevolution

text: 3. Trait remixing: The overall genetic structure of coevolving species continually changes through new mutations, genomic alterations, gene flow among populations, differential random genetic drift among populations, and extinction of local populations that differ in the combinations of coevolving traits they harbor. New genetic material on which natural selection can act can result from simple genetic mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, hybridization between populations, or whole genome duplications (polypoloidy). These processes contribute to the shifting geographic mosaic of coevolution by continually altering the spatial distributions of potentially coevolving genes and traits.


title: Coevolution

text: The combination of these processes continually changes the distribution of genotypes within any local population and the distribution of genotypes among populations.


title: Coevolution

text: NOTE: Some descriptions of geographic mosaic theory collapse this “trait remixing” part of geographic mosaic theory to gene flow. That is an incorrect characterization. The point of trait remixing is that through a combination of genetic, genomic, and ecological processes, the available distribution of coevolving traits on which natural selection can act continues to change over time within and among populations.


title: Coevolution

text: In studies of coevolution, a GxGxE interaction can be viewed either in the most formal way at the gene or genotype level (i.e., how selection acts on the same gene or genotype in across contrasting environments), or it can be viewed more generally at the level of how natural selection acts on two or more interacting species across many contrasting environments.


title: Coevolution

text: See books by John N Thompson (1982 Interaction and Coevolution; 1994 The Coevolutionary Process; 2005 The Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution; 2013 Relentless Evolution)


title: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

text: The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijani: "Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист РеспубликасыAzərbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikası"; Russian: Азербайджанская Советская Социалистическая Республика [АзССР] "Azerbaydzhanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika [AzSSR]"), also known as the Azerbaijan SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the former Soviet Union.


title: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

text: It was founded on April 28, 1920 as the Azerbaijan SSR. From March 12, 1922 to December 5, 1936, it was part of the Transcaucasian SFSR together with the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR. In December 1922, the Transcaucasian SFSR became part of the newly established Soviet Union. The Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR was approved by the 9th Extraordinary All-Azerbaijani Congress of Soviets on March 14, 1937. On November 19, 1990, the Azerbaijan SSR was renamed the "Republic of Azerbaijan" while still a part of the Soviet Union for another year before its collapse and the independence of Azerbaijan in 1991.


title: Micronova

text: A micronova is a type of explosion on the surface of a star with about one millionth the strength of a (classical) nova. It was first observed in April 2022 and is caused by accumulation of material onto the star from its environment.


title: President of Singapore

text: The President of the Republic of Singapore is the country's head of state. Singapore has a parliamentary system of government. Executive authority is exercised by the Cabinet who was led by the Prime Minister of Singapore. The current president is Halimah Yacob, who is the Singapore's first female president, who was elected unopposed at the 2017 presidential election.


title: President of Singapore

text: The president's official residence and office is the Istana. However, no presidents since Yusof bin Ishak (1965–1970) have lived there. The current president, Halimah Yacob, had wanted to stay in the HDB flat at Yishun, but if she fails to comply with the security requirements, she will have to move out. She is also the first female President of Singapore and first Malay head of state in 47 years since the death of Mr Yusof bin Ishak who was Singapore's first president.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: The First Lady of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Korean; 조선민주주의인민공화국의 영부인; Hanja: 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国第一夫人) or simply known as the First Lady of North Korea, is the informal title held by the wife of the supreme leader of North Korea, during the leader's term in office.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: Ri Sol-ju is the current First Lady of North Korea, in role since April 2018, as the wife of Kim Jong-un.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: During the presidency of the North Korean premier Kim Il-Sung, his wife Kim Song-ae took on the role and duties as the first lady in 1963, eleven years after the marriage.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: After his death in July 1994, his son, Kim Jong-il assumed on the office and duties of the supreme leader and the role of first lady was left vacant during his time in office. Kim Jong-il was married twice and had three different domestic partnerships from time to time.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: After his death in December 2011, his son Kim Jong-un assumed the office and duties as supreme leader and the role of first lady was re-established to his wife when North Korean officials and state media lifted her title from “comrade" to “respected first lady”.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: The title had not been used since 1974 when it was described to Kim Song-ae. The honor occurred during the April 2018 inter-Korean Summit when Ri Sol-ju and the first lady of South Korea, Kim Jung-sook had formally met and attended the summit along with their husbands.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: The role of the first lady is not an elected position, carries no official duties, But the first lady participates in diplomacy on behalf of meeting with foreign diplomats and accompanying her husband on foreign summits and events. However, this did not take place until March 2018 when Ri Sol-ju accompanied her husband Kim Jong-un to a foreign summit between North Korea and China.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: South China Morning Post sources stated that Ri Sol-ju's fashion became an instant hit after she accompanied her husband to a surprise visit to China in March 2018.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: During the visitation summit to China, it was said she wore a camel cropped jacket with a matching midi skirt and court shoes with a necklace, ear studs, and a shiny pink and gold butterfly-shaped brooch.


title: First Lady of North Korea

text: Ri also wore a white jacket and an apple green dress with a brown flower-shaped ribbon brooch and a nude leather clutch and at a lunch with Chinese president Xi Jinping and Chinese first lady, Peng Liyuan at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, where her and husband stayed, she changed into an ivory two-piece dress with floral decorations on the collar and soft frilled sleeves.


title: Mr. Harrigan's Phone

text: Mr. Harrigan's Phone is a 2022 American horror movie. The film stars Donald Sutherland, Jaeden Martell, Jaeden Martell, Kirby Howell-Baptiste, Joe Tippett, Cyrus Arnold, and Carl Zohan, written and directed by John Lee Hancock based on the novella of the same name by Stephen King from the collection "If It Bleeds". The movie was released on October 5, 2022, by Netflix.


title: Mr. Harrigan's Phone

text: A boy named Craig befriends the elderly Mr. Harrigan and gives him a cell phone. When Mr. Harrigan passes away, Craig begins to make calls to his old number about those who torment him, only to find that doing so results in Mr. Harrigan's spirit avenging his young friend from beyond the grave.


title: Mr. Harrigan's Phone

text: On July 10, 2020, it was reported by "Deadline Hollywood" that Netflix had acquired film rights to "Mr. Harrigan's Phone", to be produced by Blumhouse Productions and Ryan Murphy and with John Lee Hancock writing and directing the film.


title: Mr. Harrigan's Phone

text: On October 1, 2021, it was reported that Donald Sutherland and Jaeden Martell were cast as the leads. Later in October, it was reported that Kirby Howell-Baptiste and Joe Tippett were cast in the film.


title: Mr. Harrigan's Phone

text: On October 8, 2021, it was reported that filming started in Connecticut on October 20, 2021 and wrapped on December 22, 2021.


title: Tom Conti

text: Thomas Antonio "Tom" Conti (born November 22, 1941) is an Scottish writer, movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in; "Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence", "Shirley Valentine", "Rueben, Rueben", "The Tempest", "Saving Grace", "The Dark Knight Rises" and "Paddington 2". Conti has won a Tony Award in 1979.


title: Tom Conti

text: Conti was born on 22 November 1941 in Paisley, Scotland to a Scottish mother and Italian father. He studied at Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. Conti has been married to Kara Drummond Wilson since 1967. They have a daughter, comedienne Nina Conti.


title: Damnatio memoriae

text: Damnatio memoriae is a Latin practice or phrase that means "condemnation of memory". It means that a person's existence should be cut out of history. In practice it meant removing the name from official records and monuments. However, because information about the person was usually also found in other places, like letters and scrolls, historians today can usually still learn about the person.


title: British Red Cross

text: The British Red Cross is the United Kingdom body of the neutral humanitarian network the Red Cross. The society was formed in 1870 and is a registered charity with over 32,500 volunteers and 3500 staff. The charity helps people both in the UK and overseas and are not biased towards any faith or other belief.


title: British Red Cross

text: The mission of the British Red Cross is to help people across the country. The organization has seven fundamental principles (given by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement) that staff and volunteers must follow:


title: British Red Cross

text: The British Red Cross is recognised by the UK Government as one of three Voluntary Aid Societies, the other two being St John Ambulance and St Andrew's Ambulance Association. They are the sole Red Cross Society for the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories.


title: British Red Cross

text: The British Red Cross operate an Emergency Response service, which act to support the governmental emergency services in times of crisis.


title: British Red Cross

text: For example, first aid support (and distribution of first aid supplies), managing a disaster appeal scheme or providing telephone support lines after a disaster are frequent tasks of the British Red Cross. All services of the British Red Cross can be used for the emergency response service if needed. For example, ambulances belonging to the British Red Cross can be used to help the NHS in caring for the injured.


title: British Red Cross

text: The British Red Cross will (and have done before) deal with emergencies in the UK, such as the Manchester Arena Bombing or the Grenfell Tower fire, as well as more environmental emergencies such as floods. They do not send volunteers abroad to help in emergencies as these are dealt with by the local emergency services.


title: British Red Cross

text: The IRC (International Red Cross movement) is the largest provide of first aid in the world and the British Red Cross frequently provide first aid at sports events, concerts and other large events.


title: British Red Cross

text: The training done by Event First Aid Service volunteers varies, but all of them have access to advanced training, becoming part of an Ambulance Crew or even becoming a fully qualified ambulance technician. The British Red Cross do employ paramedics, but they do not train them in-house.


title: Friedrich Schiller

text: Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (November 10, 1759 in Marbach, Württemberg – May 9, 1805 in Weimar), usually known as Friedrich Schiller, was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist.


title: Council of Europe

text: The Council of Europe (, ) is an international organization of 47 member states in the European region. One of its first successes was the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950, which serves as the basis for the European Court of Human Rights.


title: Council of Europe

text: The seat of the Council of Europe is in Strasbourg on the Franco-German border. The original meeting place was in the city's University Palace. The Palais de l'Europe, about two kilometres from city centre, has taken its place. Membership is open to all European democracies which accept the principle of the rule of law and guarantee fundamental human rights, civil rights and freedoms to their citizens and respect of rights of minority groups.


title: Council of Europe

text: The Council of Europe is not to be confused with the Council of the European Union or the European Council, as it is a separate organisation and not part of the European Union. But all member states of European Union are also the member states of Council of Europe.


title: Council of Europe

text: On 15 March 2022, Russia is excluded from Council of Europe because of 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: Chechen language

text: The Chechen language is spoken by more than 1,3 million people. It is spoken mostly in Chechnya and by Chechen people in other places. It is one of the Northeast Caucasian languages.


title: Ningxia

text: Ningxia is an autonomous region of China. It used to be a province. It was merged into Gansu in 1954. It was later separated and made an autonomous region for the Hui people, one of the 56 officially recognised nationalities of China. Twenty percent of China's Hui population lives in Ningxia.


title: Ancona

text: Ancona ( (elbow)) is a "comune" and a seaport in the Marche region, in central Italy. Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region.


title: Ancona

text: Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.


title: Ancona

text: Ancona is on the Adriatic Sea. It is the center of the province and the capital of the region. The city is northeast of Rome. The town is between Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco.


title: Ancona

text: The "comune" borders with the following "comuni"ː Agugliano, Camerano, Camerata Picena, Falconara Marittima, Offagna, Osimo, Polverigi, Sirolo.


title: Ancona

text: The climate in Ancona is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfa (humid subtropical climate) in the Köppen climate classification.


title: Ancona

text: The average temperature for the year in Ancona is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Ancona

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Ancona is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .


title: Ancona

text: There are 100,696 persons living in the "comune" in 2017, for a population density of inhabitants/km².


title: Ancona

text: There are also several fine late Gothic buildings, including the "Palazzo Benincasa", the "Palazzo del Senato" and the "Loggia dei Mercanti", all by Giorgio da Sebenico, and the "Palazzo del Governo", which has Renaissance additions.


title: Rimini

text: Rimini is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. It is also the capital of the "Province of Rimini". About 138,000 people live in Rimini.


title: Rimini

text: Rimini is a popular seaside resort known for its bars and nightclubs. It has a humid subtropical climate ("Cfa" in the Köppen climate classification).


title: Loire-Atlantique

text: Loire-Atlantique is a department in France. It is in the Pays de la Loire region. Its capital is Nantes, which is also the region's capital. The department gets its name from the river which goes through it ("la Loire)", and because it is next to the Atlantic Ocean.


title: Loire-Atlantique

text: Loire Atlantique is one of the first 83 departments of France created in 1790. It used to be called "Loire-Inférieure". It got its new name in 1957.


title: Loire-Atlantique

text: The department was part of Brittany until 1941 when the Vichy Governement separated it. Many people still think it is Brittany's capital. Some want it to be part of Brittany again.


title: Mayenne

text: La Mayenne is a department the northwest of France. It was named after the river "la Mayenne" and its number is 53. It is in the region Pays de la Loire. Its population is 285,338 (1999) and its land area is 5,175 km². The population density is 55/km². It has 261 communes, its prefecture is Laval ans its subprefectures are Mayenne and Château-Gontier. The inhabitants are called the "Mayennais".


title: 23 (number)

text: Twenty-three is a natural number. It comes between twenty-two and twenty-four, and is an odd number. It is also the 9th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19.


title: Helmut Schmidt

text: Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (23 December 1918 – 10 November 2015) was a German politician. He was Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1974 to 1982.


title: Robin van Persie

text: Robin van Persie (born 6 August 1983) is a Dutch football/soccer player. He moved from Arsenal F.C. to Manchester United in the summer of 2012 and later, he moved to Turkish club Fenerbahce SK in the summer of 2015. He plays for the Netherlands national team.


title: Helmut Schmidt

text: Helmut Schmidt was born in Hamburg in 1918. He finished school in 1937 with the Abitur. Afterwards he had to join the working service and later the army. At the end of World War II, he was a First Lieutenant. He became a prisoner of war in 1945.


title: Helmut Schmidt

text: After he was set free, he started to study macro economy. He finished his studies in 1949. Then he started to work for the administration of Hamburg.


title: Helmut Schmidt

text: Schmidt joined into the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1949. In 1953, he became a member of the Bundestag first time. From 1961 to 1965, he was Senator in the state government of Hamburg.


title: Helmut Schmidt

text: From 1969 to 1972, he was Minister of Defence of West Germany. From 1972 to 1974 he was Minister of Finance.


title: Helmut Schmidt

text: In July 2013, it was discovered that Schmidt bought 38,000 cigarettes due to a fear of them being banned in Europe.


title: Helmut Schmidt

text: Schmidt died in Hamburg on 10 November 2015 from complications of surgery he had to cure a blood clot in his left left. He was 96 years old.


title: Aeneid

text: The Aeneid (Latin: "Aeneis") is an epic poem written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC. It tells the story of "pious Aeneas".


title: Aeneid

text: Aeneas is a Trojan warrior who had to leave his city because the Greeks captured Troy after a long war. It starts with Aeneas carrying his father Anchises out of the burning Troy. It ends with Aeneas landing on the shores of Italy, fighting in the region of Rome. It can be read as indirect propaganda in favour of Augustus, the Roman Emperor of the day.


title: Moscow Kremlin

text: The Moscow Kremlin, usually just called the Kremlin, is a fortress in the center of Moscow, where most of the Russian government works. It is where the President of Russia lives, and the term "the Kremlin" is often used to mean the Russian government. It is on the left bank of the Moskva River and southwest of Red Square.


title: Bertha von Suttner

text: Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicitas Freifrau von Suttner (; ; 9 June 184321 June 1914) was an Austrian novelist. She was the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Suttner wrote a novel called "Die Waffen nieder!". This means "Lay Down Your Arms!" in English.


title: European Economic Community

text: The European Economic Community was the predecessor of the European Union. It existed from 1957 to 1992, when the Treaty of Maastricht led to more cooperation between the countries of the European Union.


title: Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

text: Natal is a Brazilian city, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It has about 780,000 inhabitants and an area of 170 km².


title: Alkyne

text: An alkyne is a molecule that has a triple bond between two carbon atoms. They have general formula CH. They are also called acetylenes. The smallest alkyne is acetylene, also called ethyne. Alkynes are hydrophobic: this means they dissolve well in organic solvents but not in water. Each Successive members differs in its molecular formularity with "


title: Alkyne

text: Alkynes are more reactive than usual hydrocarbons. For example, they are more reactive than alkenes in many reactions. If the alkyne is at the end of a molecule, it is easy to remove the proton with a strong base. Then, the alkyne can be used in addition reactions. For example, it can be added to a ketone. Alkynes are also easy to reduce to double bonds. They can be made into both "trans" and "cis" double bonds. Alkynes are also used a lot in pericyclic reactions.


title: Alkyne

text: Alkynes have a 180 degrees angle between the two carbon atoms. For this reason, they do not like to be in a cyclic compound. Some examples of alkynes are shown below.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: Xena: Warrior Princess is an Emmy Award-winning American cult television series. It was first shown from September 15, 1995 until June 18, 2001. The series was created in 1995 by writer-producers Robert Tapert under his production tag, "Pacific Renaissance Pictures LTD". Later, there were co-executive producers. They were Sam Raimi and R. J. Stewart. The series is a spin-off from the TV series "" where Xena (Lucy Lawless) is a minor character. The series tells the story of Xena's quest to seek for her past sins as a ruthless warlord. She uses her fighting skills to help people. Gabrielle (Renee O'Connor) becomes Xena's greatest friend, her initial naïveté helps to balance Xena and helps her in seeing and fighting for the "greater good".


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The series usually had between four and four million viewers on original airings. The series has positive reviews from many reviewers. It was ranked #10 on the list of "TV Guide"s Top 25 Cult TV Shows of All Time. It was nominated for Emmy awards.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: "Xena"'s success has led to hundreds of tie-in products, including comics, and video games. The series has received attention in fandom (Uberfic), and has influenced the direction of other television series. The cult of the series (Fandom) remains active on the internet today.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The series is a spin-off of "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys". In fact, the saga began with three appearances Xena's special character in episodes of "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys", entitled "The Warrior Princess", "The Gauntlet" and "Unchained Heart". In the first episode, Xena is a killer, but in the third, she joins Hercules to defeat Darphus, who had taken her army. Aware that the character of Xena had been very successful among the public, producers of Hercules: The Legendary Journeys decided to make a series exclusively for it.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: In "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys", Xena was played by New Zealand actress Lucy Lawless. The first actress considered to play the part was British actress Vanessa Angel, while actress Sunny Doench was thought to play the role of Gabrielle. However, neither could travel to New Zealand, the country where the series was shot entirely on location. Finally, Lucy Lawless was cast as Xena and Gabrielle was played by the American actress Renee O'Connor.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The American actor and writer Bruce Campbell played Autolycus, King of the alleged thieves, and appeared in eight episodes. After Lawless and O'Connor, Ted Raimi is the actor who plays Joxer, which has more appearances in the series: a total of 42. We continue to Kevin Tod Smith with 31 appearances, Hudson Leick and Karl Urban with 12 and Alexandra Tydings with 11. In the last episode, the eastern star Michelle Ang playing Akemi.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The theme music, composed by Joseph LoDuca, who also co-wrote the lyrics for the songs in "The Bitter Suite", was developed from the traditional Bulgarian folk song "Kaval Sviri", and was sung by "Le Mystere des Voix Bulgares". In the "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" episode, "Unchained Heart", in which Xena is introduced, the original "Kaval Sviri" is the music used to announce Xena racing into battle.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The opening of "Xena" had two models during the series, the first was used during the first five seasons, and the second model was used only in the last season. The opening is composed of scenes from the series itself, there is background music to "Opening Sequence", combined with the voice of an announcer speaking a text that remained immutable.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: "Xena Warrior Princess" and "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" were filmed in New Zealand. Of course some places are confidential, but many scenes were recorded in places as spectacular in "Waitakere Ranges Regional Park", part of the Auckland Regional parks often credited at the end of the episodes. Most leases are on the west coast, and is approximately 30–40 miles from the centre of Auckland.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: "Xena: Warrior Princess" is considered a simple television series of adventures whose key ingredients are the two protagonists in the series and their psychological development, attractive exterior in New Zealand and music composed by Joseph Loduca. Although the characters and stories in the series predate Christ, themes, emotions and relationships in the series are well connected with the world today. In addition, the series makes a particular interpretation of the ancient world. For example, represents the goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite, as a girl silly and pampered.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: One of the criticisms that more has been done to the series is the inverosimilitud the scenes of combat, as they give the characters impossible cartwheels, walk the walls and even move objects with the mind. Such scenes are inspired by action movies of Hong Kong.The series was also criticized for very often consciously mixing times, facts and historical characters. Thus, it is possible to see both the "Greek gods" as characters in biblical, Roman, Scandinavian and Eastern Arabs as well as facts so distant in time as the confrontation between David and Goliath, the birth of Jesus, or the battle of Maraton. Finally, another widespread weakness in the series are multiple inconsistencies in their arguments.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The first season of the series was addressed without many pretensions, as the producers did not want to gamble much. During this season abounded plots based on Greek myths and a focus on defining the personality of the two protagonists. In the second season were improved special effects, consolidation of the relationship between Xena and Gabrielle and increased the strength of the stories. As a negative note of the third season, preference was given to the functionality of certain episodes at the expense of stories and the essence of the characters. However, in the fourth season, the level of the series returned to the first two years in terms of quality. In this season there could be seen a transformation in the structure of the stories and treatment of the characters. It accentuated the spiritual dimension of the series and the Greek myths lost relevance in the hatch. The fifth season was a downturn in the quality of the series. This was contributed to by the pregnancy of main actress, Lucy Lawless, forcing producers to introduce a precipitous turn argumentative. The fifth season also means the start of the references to Christianity in the series. Finally, in the sixth season, the level of the series again back: improved special effects and stories, which were accompanied by excellent music by Joseph LoDuca.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: "Xena: Warrior Princess" was influenced by many factors, as cultures and eras, one of the most widespread were the sources of action movies from Hong Kong, the jumps, breathing fire and the sounds of weapons in the battles were some of the things that mirrored movies. The scene of the lynching of Xena in "The Gauntlet" is almost identical to the movie "The Bride With White Hair". The fight on the stairs with Callisto on "Callisto" and the fight against Draco in head of villagers also has its roots in the genre, and the sequence "The Debt", which was almost completely influenced in the genus.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The show is a historical fantasy set in ancient Greece, although with a flexible time setting, and also features heavy Oriental, Egyptian and Medieval elements in various episodes. The series details the adventures of former Hercules villain Xena (Lucy Lawless), a reformed warlord on a quest to redeem her past sins. Xena is accompanied on her travels by Gabrielle (Renee O'Connor) a young woman who becomes her best friend and, eventually, most trusted ally.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The show freely borrows names and themes from various mythologies around the world, primarily the Greek, anachronistically adapting them to suit the demands of the storyline. Historical figures and events from a number of different historical eras and myths make numerous appearances, and the main characters are often credited with resolving important historical situations. These include an encounter with Homer, before he was famous, in which Gabrielle encourages his storytelling aspirations; the fall of Troy; and the capture of Caesar by pirates, with Xena cast as the pirate leader. This quirky mix of timelines and the amalgamation of historical and mythological elements fueled the rise of the show to cult status during the 1990s and early 2000s. It was one of the first shows to tap into its internet following, allowing for fans from all over the world to discuss and suggest things related to the show. The fandom continues to this day.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The show is a mixture of styles, ranging from high melodrama in one episode to slapstick comedy in another, from whimsical to all-out action and adventure in another. Although it is ostensibly set in ancient times, the themes of the show are essentially modern: taking responsibility for past misdeeds, the value of human life, personal liberty and sacrifice, and friendship. The flexible fantasy framework of the show accommodates a considerable range of styles, including an original musical episode, "The Bitter Suite". Although the show often addresses ethical dilemmas such as the morality of pacifism, the storylines rarely seek to provide unequivocal solutions.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: There have been numerous "Xena" spin-offs into various media including movies, books, comics and video games.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: In August 1997 "" a DTV animated movie was released, featuring the voices of a number of actors from both "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" and "Xena: Warrior Princess". The movie plot involves Hercules' mother being kidnapped by Zeus and the release of the Titans. Xena and Gabrielle have supporting roles in the movie, and at one point Xena even bursts into song.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: Since the end of the series rumors have circulated that a feature-length movie was in the works. In 2003 Screenwriter Katherine Fugate was approached for the project, and was quoted saying that she expects the start of production to be three to five years away, which suggests a release sometime between 2006 and 2009. Actress Lucy Lawless has been quoted in several interviews as saying she would be interested in participating in a "Xena" movie as well.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: Books have been released as tie-ins, including "Xena Warrior Princess: Complete Illustrated Companion". There have also been a number of novelizations by authors like Martin H. Greenberg.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: A book was also released in 1998, "XENA: All I Need to Know I Learned From the Warrior Princess", allegedly written by Gabrielle, Bard of Poteidaia, and was "translated" by Josepha Sherman. It contains Gabrielle's viewpoint on many of the adventures she and Xena embarked on, and also includes eight pages of black-and-white photographs from the show. The book is basically Gabrielle talking about her view of the world on many different subjects. For example, in one of the chapters, "Anything can be a weapon- Anything!", she instructs the reader on fighting without traditional weapons, such as a sword or a staff, and in another, "Nobody likes a winer", she laments on the perils of alcohol.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: It also launched "The Official Guide to the Xenaverse", by Robert Weisbrot, with photographs in color and black and white, a complete and detailed episode guide to the first two seasons, a look behind the scenes, the intriguing story of the origin of "Xena: Warrior Princess", biographies of cast and crew and trivias about the show.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: There is also the fictional books, how "The Empty Throne", "The Huntress and The Sphinx", "The Thief Of Hermes", and "Prophecy of Darkness." A recent academic monograph on the series is Wim Tigges' "Her Courage Will Change the World": An Appraisal of Xena: Warrior Princess", which was self-published through "lulu.com".


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: There have been a number of comic adaptations. The earliest ones were released by Dark Horse Comics and written by Ian Edginton and John Wagner. More recently the license has moved to Dynamite Entertainment.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: "Anchor Bay Entertainment" has released all 6 Seasons as well as the 10th Anniversary Collection of "Xena: Warrior Princess" on DVD in Region 1 for the first time. The series has also been released on DVD in Region 2 & Region 4. Only Region 1 DVDs contain special features, Regions 2/3/4 do not have any bonus material on them. The Region 2 releases of Season 1 contain the episodes out of order, creating a number of continuity problems when watching them in the order in which they are presented. The order on these DVDs is episode 1, then episodes 10 through 19, then episode 2, then episodes 21 through 24, and finally episodes 3 through 9. There are also several small changes, such as headbutts and claps over the ears.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: "Xena: Warrior Princess" has been referred to as a pop cultural phenomenon and feminist icon. The television series, which employed pop culture references as a frequent humorous device, has itself become a frequent pop culture reference in video games, comics and television shows, and has been frequently parodied and spoofed.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: "Xena: Warrior Princess" has been credited by many, including "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" creator Joss Whedon, with blazing the trail for a new generation of female action heroes such as Buffy, Max of "Dark Angel", Sydney Bristow of Alias, and the Bride in Quentin Tarantino's "Kill Bill".


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: Xena and Gabrielle's relationship has been cited as one of the reasons why the series has been so popular, coupled with the denials of her character's lesbianism from Lawless while the series was running. U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has been nicknamed "Warrior Princess" by her staff.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The popularity of "Xena: Warrior Princess" has led to websites, online discussion forums, works of Xena fan fiction and several unofficial fan-made productions.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: In 2005, the team that discovered the dwarf planet nicknamed it "Xena" in honor of the TV character. On October 1, 2005, the team announced that had a moon, which they had nicknamed "Gabrielle". The objects were officially named Eris and Dysnomia by the International Astronomical Union on September 13, 2006. Although the official names have legitimate roots in Greek mythology, Dysnomia is also Greek for "lawlessness", perpetuating the link with Lucy Lawless.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: "Xena" has enjoyed a particular cult status in the lesbian community. Some of the lesbian fan base sees Xena and Gabrielle as a couple and has embraced them as role models and lesbian icons. A group called The Marching Xenas has participated in many gay and lesbian pride parades.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: A subject of much interest and debate among viewers is the question of whether Xena and Gabrielle are lovers. The issue is left deliberately ambiguous by the show's writers. Jokes, innuendo, and other subtle evidence of a romantic relationship between Xena and Gabrielle is referred to as "lesbian subtext" or simply "subtext" by fans. The issue of the true nature of the Xena/Gabrielle relationship caused intense debates in the fandom, which turned especially impassioned due to spillover from real-life debates about same-sex sexuality and gay rights.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: Some fans felt that the sexual nature of Xena and Gabrielle's relationship was cemented by an interview given by Lucy Lawless to "Lesbian News" magazine in 2003. Lawless stated that after the series finale, where Gabrielle revives Xena with a mouth-to-mouth water transfer filmed to look like a full kiss, she had come to believe that Xena and Gabrielle's relationship was "definitely gay... there was always a 'well, she might be or she might not be' but when there was that drip of water passing between their lips in the very final scene, that cemented it for me. Now it wasn't just that Xena was bisexual and kinda liked her gal pal and they kind of fooled around sometimes, it was 'Nope, they're married, man'." However, in the interviews and commentaries on the DVD sets released in 2003-2005, the actors, writers and producers continued to stress the ambiguity of the relationship, and Ares was also considered at least as a potential love interest for Xena.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: The "Xena" fandom also popularized the term Altfic (from "alternative fiction") to refer to same-sex romantic fan fiction. Many fans felt the term slash fiction carried the connotation of being about male/male couples only and was not a good description for romantic fan fiction about Xena and Gabrielle.


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: In 2006, Lucy Lawless donated her personal Xena costume to the Museum of American History. In an interview the same year with "Smithsonian" magazine, she was asked the question "Was the Warrior Princess outfit comfortable?" and she responded:


title: Xena: Warrior Princess

text: Uberfic is a kind of alternative universe fan fiction in which characters or events are portrayed somewhat closely to original canon but usually in a different time period, many times featuring the ancestors, descendants or reincarnations of canon characters. The term originated in "Xena: Warrior Princess" fandom. This sort of story was used by the series itself, beginning with the second-season episode "The Xena Scrolls".


title: Paracelsus

text: Paracelsus (11 November or 17 December 1493 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland – 24 September 1541 in Salzburg, Austria) was a Swiss-Austrian alchemist, physician, astrologer, and general occultist. The name "Paracelsus" was a nickname: it means "equal to or greater than Celsus", and refers to his medical skill. He was born Phillip von Hohenheim.


title: Paracelsus

text: He gave zinc its name (in Latin as "zincum"). He also named the cyanobacterium "Nostoc", which is a long-chain colonial bacterium. The adjective "bombastic" comes from his family name. It refers to his arrogance.


title: Paracelsus

text: Paracelsus was responsible for the creation of laudanum, an alcoholic herbal opium preparation. It was in common use up to the 19th century. Like most of the alchemists, he was a notable botanist. He wrote various books, but especially his major work (title translated as: "On the miners' sickness and other diseases of miners"). This listed the occupational hazards of metalworking, including treatment and prevention strategies. He also wrote a book on the human body which contradicted Galen's ideas. He disagreed with Galen's idea of four humours, and instead believed that disease could come from an external source.


title: Edmund Burke

text: Edmund Burke (12 January 1729-9 July 1797) was an important Irish politician, and writer. He became a member of the British Parliament with the Whigs in 1765.


title: Edmund Burke

text: Burke supported the American Revolution. He opposed the French Revolution for killing Catholics and other dissenters. His most famous book was "Reflections on the Revolution in France", which created many of the ideas in conservatism.


title: Katrina Kaif

text: Katrina Kaif (, born Katrina Turquotte, 16 July 1983) is an English actress and model. She was born in Hong Kong. Kaif stars in Bollywood movies. Her first well known works were the Bollywood comedies "Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?" (2005) and "Namastey London" (2007). She also starred as Zoya "Zee" Humaimi in "Ek Tha Tiger" (2012) and the sequel "Tiger Zinda Hai" (2017). Later she appeared in "Thugs of Hindostan" (2018), "Zero" (2018), "Bharat" (2019) and "Sooryavanshi" (2019).


title: A Beautiful Mind (movie)

text: A Beautiful Mind is a 2001 biographical movie about the mathematician John Nash and his experiences of schizophrenia. It is set in Massachusetts and New Jersey. It stars Russell Crowe, Ed Harris, Jennifer Connelly, Christopher Plummer, and Paul Bettany. It was directed by Ron Howard.


title: Terry Pratchett

text: Sir Terry Pratchett OBE (Terence David John Pratchett; 28 April 1948 – 12 March 2015) was an English author. He was known for his fantasy works, including the famous "Discworld" series. His first novel, "The Carpet People", was published in 1971. He was the UK's best-selling author of the 1990s. He was born in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, England.


title: Mikhail Mishustin

text: Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (; born 3 March 1966) is a Russian economist politician. Mishustin has been the Prime Minister of Russia since 2020. He was the Head of the Federal Tax Service from 2010 to 2020.


title: A Beautiful Mind (movie)

text: The movie won four Academy Awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture. Connelly won for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Terry Pratchett

text: Pratchett died at his home in Broad Chalke, Wiltshire, England on 12 March 2015 from a severe chest infection with final complications from his Alzheimers, aged 66.