title: Anne of Cleves

text: She was the daughter of John III, Duke of Cleves and Maria of Julich Berg. She was born in Düsseldorf on 22 September 1515.


title: Anne of Cleves

text: She was betrothed to Francis, the Duke of Lorraine, but she ended up marrying Henry VIII in January 1540. When the couple met for the first time, they did not like each other.


title: Anne of Cleves

text: Henry VIII got married six times. Except for Anne of Cleves, Henry knew all of his wives for a long time before marrying them. Henry decided to marry Anne so England and the Protestant League would be allies. It was a political marriage. Henry also knew that having more than one son would be good, in case his and Jane Seymour's son, Edward, died. So he also married Anne so he could have more children.


title: Anne of Cleves

text: Hans Holbein painted a beautiful picture of Anne of Cleves and showed it to Henry. One of the reasons Henry decided to marry Anne (instead of her sister Amelia) was because she looked so beautiful in her portrait. When Anne's ship landed in England, Henry decided to sneak out to meet her early. He brought a few of his friends and servants with him. Henry dressed in the exact same clothes as the servants, and they all came into the room where Anne was waiting with her women. Henry was acting out a story from the tradition of courtly love in which a man goes to see a woman while he is disguised as a servant, and she recognizes him because of the magic of true love. Almost everyone in the courts of England and France knew this story. But Anne grew up in a strict German court. She did not know that the man dressed as a servant was King Henry, playing a game. She spoke to him like a real servant. Henry was very embarrassed.


title: Anne of Cleves

text: Henry started complaining that Anne was not pretty. He said that he could not have sexual intercourse with her because she had "bad breath" and smelled. Anne's previous engagement to the Duke of Lorraine was used as an excuse for a divorce, and Anne agreed to it. In July 1540 Henry divorced Anne and married Catherine Howard, who was younger and prettier.


title: Anne of Cleves

text: After the divorce, Henry made Anne his "sister" and gave her money and land for the rest of her life. As part of her divorce agreement, Henry gave Anne Hever Castle to live in. Anne invited Henry's daughters Mary and Elizabeth to visit her at Hever Castle. King Henry visited her too. In 1541, there were rumors that King Henry had gotten his ex-wife Anne pregnant, but historians do not think this is true.


title: Anne of Cleves

text: After Henry died, Anne did not have enough money. His son, Edward VI, did not give her the same generous sums.


title: Anne of Cleves

text: Anne of Cleves died on July 16, 1557 when she was 41 years old. She was the last of Henry's six wives to die, as she outlived his sixth wife, Catherine Parr, by nearly nine years. Anne was buried in Westminster Abbey.


title: Detective

text: A detective is a person who investigates crime. Most detectives are police officers. Some are hired by a private person or company, for example to stop theft. Those are called private investigators. There are many stories about detectives. Some famous fictional (not real) detectives are Sherlock Holmes, Inspector Clouseau, Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys.


title: Detective

text: Detectives will search public and private databases, investigate people and examine evidence in order to solve the case.


title: Billy Ray Cyrus

text: From 2001 to 2004, Cyrus starred in the television series "Doc". The series was about a country doctor who moved from Montana to New York City. He was in the Disney Channel series, "Hannah Montana", which he co-starred with his daughter Miley Cyrus.


title: Prescription

text: A prescription (℞) is a message given by a doctor to a patient saying what to do. It may say to get special medicine that is only for people with a prescription. Those drugs are often very strong, and they cannot be bought normally from a pharmacy as you could with over-the-counter drugs. Some prescription drugs, for example Oxycontin or Hydrocodone, are used illegally to become intoxicated. Using prescription drugs illegally may result in drug addiction, illness, and death.


title: Cartel de Santa

text: Cartel de Santa is a Mexican hip hop group from Santa Catarina, Nuevo León. The group began its activities in 1996 under different names and members before taking its final name and alignment. The group is composed of the main vocalist Eduardo Dávalos De Luna (Babo) el and Román Rodríguez, better known as "Rowan" Rabia", Monoplug or simply Mono, Dharius was part of the group but it was separated from it in mid 2013. Cartel de Santa continues to be one of the most popular Mexican rap groups worldwide, it is also one of the groups of Spanish speaking best sellers of all time, achieving different certifications for their high sales.


title: Cartel de Santa

text: The group rose to fame in 2003, releasing their first album titled "Cartel de Santa: Vol. I". The album included songs that became hits, such as: "Asesinos de Asesinos", "Cannabis Sativa", "La Pelotona", and "Todas mueren por mí". This album was produced by Jason Roberts, who has also produced for artists such as: Cypress Hill, Ice Cube, House of Pain, Control Machete and Plastilina Mosh That same year, Cartel de Santa, launched a musical video of the song "Perros", which was broadcast to Latin America by MTV. However, the most important album of his career was released a year later, in 2004, titled Cartel de Santa Vol. II, which included songs such as "Blah Blah Blah ", La Llamada", "Crónica Babilonia", "El Arte del Engaño" and "El Dolor del Micro" (featuring Julieta Venegas).


title: Cartel de Santa

text: In 2006, Cartel de Santa recorded his third album, called Cartel de Santa, Vol. Prohibido that included the singles "Cheka Wey" (which also featured a music video); "Hey Si me Ven"; "Súbele A La Greibol"; "Mexico, Lindo Y Bandido" and "La Ranfla Del Cartel". A few months later, Babo was arrested for accidentally killing one of his friends, the state deemed him a qualified homicide. Because of this, the group released a compilation album Greatest Hits and some extra themes to raise funds and release the rapper from prison. Babo was released nine months later in January 2008.


title: Cartel de Santa

text: In February of 2008, the band released their fourth album, which contains songs like "Babo Regresa", "Cosas de la vida", "De Mexico El Autentico", "Brillo Humillo", "Vato Sencillo", which narrate about the months that MC Babo was in prison, about how he killed his friend, and about the fact that they continued making music. The first single was "Hay Mamita"


title: Gas discharge lamp

text: Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources (or lamps). These lamps produce light by sending electricity through an ionized gas. Most of these lamps use a noble gas (usually argon or neon gas), or a combination of noble gases, but they often contain other materials, such as mercury, sodium or metal halides. The gases in these lamps are ionized in operation. This means that there are free electrons. When an electric current is sent through the gas, electrons collide with atoms of the gas and the metals. This will mean that some reach a higher energy state. When they fall back into the lower energy state, they will emit the energy in the form of light.


title: Gas discharge lamp

text: The fluorescent lamp is probably the best known gas discharge lamp. Sodium vapor lamps are commonplace as streetlights.


title: Gas discharge lamp

text: Gas-discharge lamps have a long life and a high efficiency, but they are more complicated to manufacture, which makes them more expensive to buy than incandescent lamps. Due to their greater efficiency, gas-discharge lamps replacing incandescent light bulbs for many purposes in the late 20th century. Early in the 21st century, light-emitting diodes improved, with even higher efficiency. They began to replace some gas discharge lamps.


title: Piñata

text: A piñata is a type of decoration with bright colors. It is made from either clay or cardboard and is covered with papier-mâché.


title: Piñata

text: In Puerto Rico, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia and in some other Latin American countries, piñatas are traditionally used only at children's birthday parties. They are usually made of cardboard, colorfully decorated to match the birthday party theme and filled with candy, chocolates, small toys and confetti. Colored strings (long enough to reach the ground) are attached to the bottom of the piñata, where a trap-door is hidden under the decoration. The piñata is then hung somewhere where everyone can see, but the strings are kept out of the reach of children. Toward the end of the party, usually after the cutting of the cake, an announcement is made that the piñata will be 'broken' and each child is given an empty party bag. All the children get together directly underneath the piñata and each child is given a string to hold. Then, at the count of three, the children pull their strings all at the same time. This opens the hidden trap-door (or 'breaks' the piñata) and the children receive a shower of candy and confetti while they rush to fill up their bags with the treats.


title: Fur trade

text: Before the colonization of the Americas, Russia was a major fur supplier of Western Europe and parts of Asia.


title: Fur trade

text: The North American fur trade was a central part of the early history of contact in The New World (North America) between European-Americans and Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada.


title: Fur trade

text: The North American fur trade flourished for 250 years. This long time can be roughly divided into three sections:


title: Fur trade

text: One of the earliest companies in the fur trade business was the Hudson's Bay Company, which was created by an English royal charter in 1670. The company still exists today, but now works in the retail business and operates a number of department stores in Canada, the United States and all around the world.


title: Bella Moretti

text: Bella Moretti (born March 12, 1989 in Las Vegas, Nevada) is the stage name of an Afro-American model and pornographic actress. She started making pornographic movies in 2008. Has also used the aliases Bella Morecti, Bella Marette and Bella Moriett.


title: Mince pie

text: A mince pie, also known as 'minced pie', is a small British fruit-based mince sweet pie. It is usually served during the Christmas season. Originally it was a savoury pie, now it is a sweet pie.


title: Mince pie

text: Its ingredients are traceable to the 13th century, when returning European crusaders brought with them Middle Eastern recipes containing meats, fruits and spices.


title: Mince pie

text: The early mince pie was known by several names, including mutton pie, shrid pie and Christmas pie. Typically its ingredients were a mixture of minced meat, suet, a range of fruits, and spices.


title: Mince pie

text: The ingredients for the modern mince pie can be traced to the return of European crusaders from the Holy Land. Middle Eastern methods of cooking, which sometimes combined meats, fruits and spices, were popular at the time. Pies were created from such mixtures of sweet and savoury foods; in Tudor England, shrid pies (as they were known then) were formed from shredded meat, suet and dried fruit. The addition of spices such as cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg was "in token of the offerings of the Eastern Magi".


title: Mince pie

text: Early pies were much larger than those of today, and oblong shaped. "The coffin of our "Christmas"-Pies, in shape long, is in imitation of the Cratch" (Jesus's crib). In old English cookery books the crust of a pie is generally called 'the coffin'.


title: Quinceañera

text: The Quinceañera is a young Latina woman's celebration of her fifteenth birthday, which is celebrated in a specific and different way from her other birthdays. It is the same as the English version of a Sweet Sixteen.


title: Quinceañera

text: The celebration begins with a Thanksgiving Mass, in which the quinceañera arrives in formal dress, accompanied by her parents, godparents, seven maids of honor and seven chamberlains. After the Mass, the younger sisters, female cousins and friends of the quinceañera pass out party favors, and the quinceañera leaves her bouquet in an altar to the Virgin Mary. The Mass is followed by a party at either the quinceañera's home or in a banquet hall rented for the occasion.


title: Robert Mugabe

text: Robert Gabriel Mugabe (21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean politician. He was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 to 2017. Before that, he was Prime Minister, the head of government, after being elected in 1980. For many years before he resigned, Mugabe ruled his country in the style of a dictator.


title: Robert Mugabe

text: His first years as leader were prosperous. He introduced land reforms, which were supposed to give the land owned by white people back to the "original" black owners. This has had a serious impact on how the country is seen from outside. In recent years, Mugabe has allowed violence against the white citizens of the country as well as to opposition leaders of all races. The reforms were done in 1998. In 2001, the United Nations imposed sanctions against Zimbabwe. This was done because human rights abuses came to the attention of the United Nations.


title: Robert Mugabe

text: On November 15, 2017, he was placed under house arrest as Zimbabwe's military took control in a coup. On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned as President of Zimbabwe. It ended his rule of 40 years.


title: Robert Mugabe

text: Mugabe was hospitalized in April 2019, making the last of several trips to Singapore for medical treatment. He died on 6 September 2019 at a Singapore hospital, at the age of 95. The cause of death was prostate cancer.


title: Stephen Harper

text: Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. He is a member and the former leader of the Conservative Party, after being elected in 2004. He was elected in February 2006 and replaced Paul Martin as Prime Minister.


title: Stephen Harper

text: Harper was born in 1959 in Toronto, Ontario and lives in Calgary, Alberta. He is married to Laureen Teskey and has two children. He is the third Prime Minister, after Pierre Trudeau and John Turner, to send their children to Rockcliffe Park Public School, in Ottawa. Stephen Harper was Prime Minister for nine years, during which Canada hosted both the Vancouver 2010 Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games. Harper also hosted the G8 and G20 meetings.


title: Stephen Harper

text: Harper is a conservative and supports cutting government spending and taxes. As Prime Minister, he has cut the goods and services tax and approved a budget that would cut funding to several government programs. He has also shown support for the military and a bigger Canadian military presence in the northern part of Canada.


title: Stephen Harper

text: Even though Harper did win the seat in the riding of Calgary Heritage during the October 19, 2015 federal election, the Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberal Party of Canada, which was led by Justin Trudeau and who succeeded Harper as Prime Minister. It was thereafter announced Harper would resign as party leader and had requested an interim leader be chosen to serve until a leadership election can be held.


title: Albi

text: Albi () is a commune in southern France. It is the prefecture of the Tarn department, in the Occitanie region. It is on the side of the Tarn river, about to the northeast of Toulouse.


title: Albi

text: It is the seat of the Archbishop of Albi. The cathedral and the part of the city around it (the "Episcopal City") was made a World Heritage Sites in 2010.


title: Albi

text: The first human settlement in Albi was in the Bronze Age (3000-600 BC). After the Roman conquest of Gaul in 51 BC, the town became "Civitas Albigensium", the city of the Albigeois.


title: Albi

text: The Cathars had their main centre at Albi and so they were known also as "Albigens" after the city. The Cathar movement was a branch of Christianity which was persecuted in the Middle Ages. Because of this, the city was almost completely destroyed in a crusade between 1209 and 1229. Since 1678, the city is the seat of an archbishop. Since 1790, it is the capital city of the Tarn department.


title: Albi

text: Albi is in southern France, in the centre of the Tarn department. The Tarn flows through the city and splits it in two; the historical city is on the left side of the river. Several small rivers, tributaries of the Tarn, flows also through the city.


title: Albi

text: The "commune" is at northeast of Toulouse and the closest cities are Castres, Toulouse, Mazamet, Graulhet, Lavaur, Gaillac, Montauban, Rodez et Carmaux. It is surrounded by the "communes" Lescure-d'Albigeois to the north; Saint-Juéry to the northeast; Cunac and Cambon to the east; Fréjairolles to the southeast; Puygouzon to the south; Le Sequestre, Carlus and Saliès to the southwest; Terssac, Marssac-sur-Tarn, Florentin, Rouffiac, Cagnac-les-Mines, Castelnau-de-Lévis.


title: Albi

text: The climate of Albi is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.


title: Albi

text: The average temperature for the year in Albi is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Albi

text: The highest recorded temperature in Albi is , which was recorded in August. The lowest recorded temperature in Albi is , which was recorded in January.


title: Albi

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Albi is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .


title: Albi

text: St. Cecile´s cathedral is built like a fortress, in a gothic style. The cathedral is built in a very special style. Inside, there are frescoes from the Renaissance, worth a visit.


title: Albi

text: The cathedral has walls which are up to thick. This makes it the biggest brick building in the world.


title: Albi

text: There is a museum dedicated to Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec in the city. De Touluose-Lautrec was born in the city. There are also paintings of other people in the museum.


title: Eden Hazard

text: Eden Hazard (Born 7 January 1991) is a Belgian footballer who plays for Real Madrid and Belgium national team. He usually plays as a winger. He was born in La Louvière, Hainaut. He is widely regarded as one of the best players in his position. His skills are often compared with players like Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.


title: Eden Hazard

text: Hazard won the player of the year for Chelsea in the 2013-2014 season and the 2014-15 season. He also was the Young Player of the Year in 2012-2013. In 2018, Roberto Martinez named him Captain of the Belgium National Team at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.


title: The Royal Society

text: The Royal Society is a society for science and scientists. It was founded in 1660 by Charles II. It is the oldest society of its kind still in existence.


title: The Royal Society

text: Lord Brouncker was the first President, and Robert Hooke was Curator of Experiments. The reigning monarch has always been the patron of the Royal Society since its foundation.


title: The Royal Society

text: The motto of the Royal Society is "Nullius in Verba" (Latin: nothing in words). This shows the Society's commitment to establishing scientific truth through experiment rather than by quoting authority.


title: The Royal Society

text: Although this seems obvious today, the philosophical basis of the Royal Society differed from previous philosophies such as scholasticism, which established scientific truth based on deductive logic, concordance with divine providence and the citation of such ancient authorities as Aristotle.


title: The Royal Society

text: The members of the society are called Fellows of the Royal Society, and put the letters FRS after their names. There are usually about 1600 of them. They are elected by existing Fellows. All other posts, such as the Secretary and President, are also by election.


title: The Royal Society

text: The Society's 15 Sections are administered by the permanent staff, led by the Executive Secretary, Stephen Cox CVO. The Executive Secretary is supported by the Senior Managers of the Society, including:


title: The Royal Society

text: The Society bestows ten medals, seven awards (prizes) and nine prize lectureships variously annually, biennially or triennially, according to the terms of reference for each award. The Society also runs The Aventis Prizes for Science Books.


title: Brussels sprout

text: Brussels sprouts are a green vegetable. They are small cabbages that can be used for salads or other recipes. They have almost the same nutrition as cabbage in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. As with other cabbages, they can be either steamed or roasted. They have a lot of fiber.


title: Noh

text: Noh or No (Japanese:能 Nō) is a major form of classical Japanese musical drama. It started in the 14th century and continues today. Noh is made up of "mai" (dances), "hayashi" (music) and "utai" (words usually in songs). The performers use masks and dance slowly. Zeami and his father Kan'ami brought Noh to its present-day form during the Muromachi period.


title: Noh

text: All Noh players are men. They have been taught their skills by their fathers. When a woman or girl appears in the drama, a male actor plays her role with a woman mask.


title: Noh

text: There are three types of Noh players: "shite", "waki" and "kyogen". "Shite" plays the hero or the heroine. He talks sings and dances. "Waki" (meaning "Side") and plays the sidekick of "Shite". The Waki usually plays the role of a traveler role. He introduces us to the world in the drama. "Kyogen" appears in the middle of the drama if it has two parts, and plays the role of the local citizen. He talks to "Waki" and makes him notice something new or realize what has happened.


title: Noh

text: "Hayashi" means musical instrumentals. Two kinds of drum ("Tuzumi", "Taiko") and a flute ("Fue") are used in the theater.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: La La Land is a 2016 American romantic musical comedy-drama movie. Its title is a reference to the nickname for the city of Los Angeles. It is also an idiom for being out of touch with reality.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: On a crowded Los Angeles highway, an aspiring actress named Mia is distracted by her preparation for an upcoming audition. That leads to a moment of road rage between her and a pianist named Sebastian. Her audition is yet another failure. At the same time, Sebastian is having a problem paying his bills. This leads to an argument with his sister, Laura. Mia's car is towed. She has to walk back to her apartment.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: Sebastian is told by the owner of a restaurant not to play any jazz. Instead, he plays simple variations of Christmas songs. But he begins a heartfelt improvisation at the restaurant. Mia overhears Sebastian playing. She is moved by his talent, and goes to watch him play. Sebastian, however, is quickly fired.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: Months later, Mia goes to another party. She sees Sebastian again. He is now playing as the keyboardist for a 1980s pop music cover band. Mia requests that the band play "I Ran (So Far Away)" by A Flock of Seagulls. Afterward the two walk together and look for their cars.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: Five years later, Mia is a famous actress. She is married to another man, with whom she has a daughter.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: The world premiere for "La La Land" was at the Venice Film Festival. It was an opening night movie on August 31, 2016. The movie also showed at the Telluride Film Festival, Toronto International Film Festival, and many others.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: "La La Land" has taken in more than $85 million against a budget of $30 million. The movie was released in the United States in December 2016. In January 2017, the movie showed in more theaters for a total of 1,515 theaters.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: "La La Land" was named by Peter Travers as his favorite movie of 2016. Other critics gave the movie high marks. Rotten Tomatoes rated the movie 91%.


title: La La Land (movie)

text: "La La Land" won a number of awards. At the Golden Globe Awards, it won seven awards. These included Best Picture-Musical or Comedy, Best Actor-Musical or Comedy and Best Actress-Musical or Comedy.


title: Global city

text: Global city (or world city) is a city that is widely considered to be an important part of the world economy. Most studies recognise London, New York City and Paris as the three most important global cities.


title: Rapunzel

text: "Rapunzel" is a German fairy tale. It was first published in 1812 as part of "Grimms' Fairy Tales". The best known line in the story is "Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair".


title: Rapunzel

text: The story starts with a lonely couple that wants a child. They live next to a walled garden that belongs to an evil witch named Dame Gothel. The wife is pregnant with a girl. When she gives birth, Dame Gothel takes her newborn and names her Rapunzel.


title: Rapunzel

text: When Rapunzel turns twelve, she is taken into a tower to be shut out from the world. One day a prince chances upon Rapunzel and asks her to marry him. She agrees.


title: Rapunzel

text: Dame Gothel finds out about the prince who is planning to free Rapunzel, so she cuts Rapunzel's hair off and sends her to a faraway desert. The following night the prince climbs up the tower only to find Dame Gothel instead of Rapunzel. Dame Gothel throws the prince out of the tower, leading him to fall on thorny bushes and become blind. Months later, the prince, who is still blind, finds Rapunzel through her singing. Rapunzel cries into his arms, and her tears bring back the prince's sight. The prince takes Rapunzel to his kingdom, where they lived happily ever after.


title: Bull shark

text: The Bull shark ("Carcharhinus leucas"), or Zambezi shark, is a species of shark of the genus "Carcharhinus".


title: Kafir

text: A kafir, pronounced as, ""kaafir"", is someone who does not believe in God according to Islam. It is the most common description used in the Qur'an for non-believers or non-Muslims. They are also mentioned especially in the Quran in the Sura (chapter) Kafirun. Jews and Christians were required to pay the "jizya" while others, depending on the different rulings of the four Madhhabs, might be required to accept Islam, pay the jizya, be exiled, or be killed.


title: Bull shark

text: The shark grows to a maximum length of 11.5 feet (3.5 metres), but is usually 7.3-7.8 feet (2.2-2.3 metres) long. It is found in tropical and subtropical coastal waters worldwide, as well as river systems and freshwater lakes.


title: Bull shark

text: This species is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN, and is considered to be the third most dangerous sharks in the world.


title: Bull shark

text: Bull sharks have a very sturdy body, and have a blunt, rounded snout, giving the Bull shark its name. The first dorsal fin is large and widely triangular with a pointed tip. The second dorsal fin is noticeably smaller. The pectoral fins are also large, and have sharp tips. Bull sharks have quite small eyes as compared to other carcharhinid sharks, which might mean that vision is not a very important hunting tool for this species which is usually found in muddy waters. Bull sharks are usually pale to dark grey above, and their undersides are white. In young Bull sharks, the fins have black tips which turn to a dusky colour as they grow.


title: Bull shark

text: The teeth of the upper jaw are wide, triangular, and heavily jagged. The teeth of the lower jaw have a wide base, and are narrow, triangular, and are finely jagged. The front teeth are raised and are nearly symmetrical, while the back teeth are more slanted in shape.


title: Bull shark

text: The maximum weight is over 500 pounds (230 kg). The size at birth is around 29 inches (75 cm). Females are larger than males, reaching a length of around 7.8 feet (2.4 metres) as adults, and weighing around 285 pounds (130 kg). This is the result of a longer lifespan of about 16 years, compared to 12 years for males. Males reach a length of around 7.3 feet (2.2 metres), and weigh 209 pounds (95 kg). The growth rates calculated from captive Bull sharks were estimated to be about 11 inches (28 cm) per year in the first years of life, slowing to half that rate after about 4 years of age.


title: Bull shark

text: The Bull shark is found in tropical and subtropical coastal waters worldwide as well as in many river systems and some freshwater lakes. They have been reported 3700 km (2220 miles) up the Amazon River in Peru, and over 3000 km (1800 miles) up the Mississippi River in Illinois. A group of Bull sharks found in Lake Nicaragua (Central America) was once thought to be landlocked, but they found access to the ocean through rivers and estuaries. In the western Atlantic Bull sharks migrate north along the coast of the U.S during summer, swimming as far north as Massachusetts, and then return to tropical climates when the coastal waters cool.


title: Bull shark

text: The Bull shark likes to live in shallow coastal waters less than 100 feet deep (30 metres), but ranges from 3–450 feet deep (1–135 metres). It commonly enters estuaries, bays, harbours, lagoons, and river mouths. It is the only known shark species which is found in freshwater, and can spend long periods of time in such environments. It is not likely that the Bull shark's entire life cycle is within a freshwater system, however. There is evidence that they can breed in freshwater, but not as regularly as they do in estuarine and marine habitats. Young Bull sharks enter estuaries with low salt contents and lagoons as readily as adults do, and use these shallow areas as nursery grounds. They can also live in waters with high salt contents; as high as 53 parts per thousand.


title: Bull shark

text: Even though humans are not on their diet, bull sharks have been known to be very aggressive towards humans. This shark can be a danger to people since many people don't have the knowledge that Bull sharks can be found in rivers and freshwater. Almost all of the close to shore shark attacks on humans have been caused by this species.


title: Bull shark

text: They are listed as the 3rd largest risk to humans when it comes to sharks. They are only behind the Great White Shark and the Tiger shark.


title: Bull shark

text: They are very territorial and they will attack anything that gets into their environment and they feel is a risk. They have been known to bite horses and other animals that come to close to the water.


title: Bull shark

text: Although the Bull shark has no real predators, young Bull sharks have been known to fall prey to Tiger sharks, Sandbar sharks, and even adult Bull sharks. Parasites, like "Pandarus sinuatus" and "Perissopus dentatus", have been found in Bull sharks, and parasitize the body surface of this shark.


title: Bull shark

text: The Bull shark mainly feeds on bony fish and small sharks. In the western Atlantic they commonly feed on mullet, tarpon, catfish, menhaden, gar, snook, jacks, mackerel, snappers, and other schooling fish. They also regularly feed on stingrays and young sharks including small individuals of their own species in their inshore nursery habitats. Bull sharks are also been known to feed on sea turtles, dolphins, crabs, shrimp, sea birds, squid, terrestrial mammals, echinoderms, and crustaceans. Bull sharks often appear sluggish as they slowly swim along the bottom, but are quite quick and good at capturing smaller, agile prey, and are capable of burst speeds of over 11 mph (19 km/h).


title: Bull shark

text: Bull sharks may spend many hours each day looking for food. They will eat heavily too when there is a large amount of food to be found. They mostly hunt on their own, but there have been observed times when a pair of Bull Sharks will hunt as a team.


title: Bull shark

text: Bull sharks are viviparous, meaning that they give live birth. The gestation period is about one year, usually during the summer months but sometimes in early autumn as well. Bull sharks usually migrate to river mouths to mate and have their young. Pups are about 60 cm (24 inches) long, and mothers give birth to 5 to 15 pups at a time. Coastal lagoons, river mouths, and estuaries with low salt contents are common nursery habitats.


title: Bull shark

text: Bull sharks reach maturity depending on where they are. One study in the southern Gulf of Mexico found that the age of maturity was 10 years (7 feet) for females and 9–10 years (6.2-6.6 feet) for males. Another study in the northern Gulf of Mexico showed that the age of maturity was 7 feet (14–15 years) for males and 7.4 feet (18 years) for females.


title: Bull shark

text: The Bull shark gets its name from its sturdy appearance and aggressive nature. In French, the Bull shark is known as "requin bouledogue". In Spanish it is known as "tiburon sarda". It is known by many different names throughout its range including "Zambezi shark" and "Van Rooyen's shark" in Africa, "Ganges shark" (India), "Nicaragua shark" (Central America), and "Freshwater whaler", "Estuary whaler", and "Swan River whaler" in Australia. In English it is also known as the "Shovelnose shark", "Square-nose shark", "River shark", "Slipway grey shark", "Ground shark", and "Cub shark".


title: Bull shark

text: Although the Bull shark is rarely the target species of commercial fisheries, it is usually caught accidentally along with other catches. Since it is found inshore, it has been made a target for artisanal fisheries. The meat of the Bull shark is eaten by humans, the hide is used for leather, the fins are used in shark-fin soup and the liver is made into vitamin-rich oils. In certain areas, such as the Gulf of Mexico and South Africa, the Bull shark is also a popular game fish. The Bull shark’s inshore and freshwater habitat not only makes it an easier target of fisheries, but since these habitats are usually polluted and are targets to habitat modification, the Bull shark is in danger. The Bull shark is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN


title: Bull shark

text: According to the International Shark Attack File (ISAF), Bull sharks are responsible for at least 69 unprovoked attacks on humans around the world, 17 of which have resulted in deaths. However, this species is likely to be responsible for many more attacks, and has been considered by many experts to be the most dangerous shark in the world. Because of its large size, its ability to enter freshwater, and the fact that it is found inshore, it might be more of a threat to humans than either the Great White Shark or the Tiger shark. Since the Bull shark is found in many Third World regions including Central America, Mexico, India, east and west Africa, the Middle East, southeast Asia, and south Pacific islands, attacks are often not reported. The Bull shark is also not as easily identifiable as the Great White or the Tiger shark, so it is likely to be responsible for a large percentage of attacks with unidentified culprits.


title: Bull shark

text: The Bull shark has been considered to be the culprit in the infamous series of five shark attacks in New Jersey in 1916 which resulted in four deaths over a 12-day period. Three of these attacks happened in Matawan Creek, a shallow tidal river, only 40 feet (12 metres) across, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from bay waters, and over 15 miles (24 km) from the open ocean; not a location where any other large shark species would likely be found. A 7.5 foot (2.25 metres) Great White was captured two days after the last attack, however, just 4 miles (6.4 km) from the mouth of Matawan Creek, and contained human remains in its stomach. A 9-foot (2.7 m) Bull shark was also captured a day later only 10 miles (16 km) from Matawan. This has been a topic of debate for many years, and there is evidence that points at both, the Bull shark and the Great White as the culprits.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd. (known as Virgin Atlantic) is an airline that is based in the United Kingdom. Virgin Atlantic is owned by 2 companies, Virgin Group and Delta Air Lines. Virgin Atlantic goes from its main hubs at London Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport to many places like the USA, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia. More than 75% of Virgin Atlantic's flights go/come to London Heathrow Airport. The rest mostly fly from London Gatwick Airport, Manchester Airport or Glasgow Airport. Virgin flies to 31 cities. These are either in Africa, Asia, Europe, the United States or the Caribbean.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: Virgin Atlantic owns 10 Airbus A330 11 Airbus A340 planes, 10 Boeing 747-400 planes and 5 Boeing 787 planes. It also has an order for 6 Airbus A380 planes but were later cancelled and replaced by an order for 12 Airbus A350-1000 planes, another order is for 8 Boeing 787 planes.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: Virgin Atlantic used to have some other aircraft too. It used to own 5 Airbus A320s, 3 Airbus A321s, 1 Boeing 747-100, 22 Boeing 747-200s and 4 Vickers Viscounts. Virgin Atlantic's first plane was a Boeing 747-200.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: Virgin Atlantic uses three different classes on their planes: Economy, Premium Economy and Upper Class.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: Economy class is the standard class on Virgin Atlantic aircraft. It is the cheapest part of the plane to travel in. Passengers usually get a free meal, some drinks and a bag with gifts in like a toothbrush. The seats in this class have a maximum pitch of 31 in, but this depends on what plane the passenger goes in.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: Passengers that use Premium Economy have their own check-in area. They get to get on the plane before Economy passengers and a drink before the flight. They get a better seat and a special cabin crew. The seat it wider and more distance from the seat in front of it.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: In November 2006, Virgin made a new seat. It is wider than the old one and has a plug for laptops. It is being put on all planes and now, all Airbus A340s and all Boeing 747s that fly from London Heathrow Airport have the new seats.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: Upper Class is the name for Virgin Atlantic's business class. They do not have a first class service. Virgin says the seats are the biggest lie flat beds on any business class (it is 202 cm long and 84 cm wide), but Air Canada and Singapore Airlines have said this too. The seats have plugs for laptops and iPods.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: Upper Class passengers can also have their own chauffeur, drive-thru check-in, their own security points at some airports, access to the Virgin Clubhouse (a special VIP area, with a bar and seats), a larger menu for in-flight meals and a bar that passengers can stand up or sit down at in flight.


title: Virgin Atlantic Airways

text: All the seats on all the aircraft have screens in the back of the seats to provide entertainment for passengers. Most planes have a newer system where the passengers can choose what they want to watch called V:Port. Older systems called "Odyssey" and "Super Nova" just offer different channels for the passengers to pick from. The screens on the older systems are also smaller. Virgin was among the first airlines to have games on its personal screens.


title: Macklemore

text: Benjamin Hammond Haggerty (born June 19, 1983), better known by his stage name Macklemore, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter.


title: Macklemore

text: The music video for his song "Thrift Shop" has been viewed more than 1 billion times on YouTube. It also reached #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. He said he was influenced by Freestyle Fellowship, Aceyalone, Living Legends, Wu-Tang Clan, Nas, and Talib Kweli during his earlier years.


title: Macklemore

text: Macklemore is in support of gay rights, including same-sex marriage, and sang about it in the song "Same Love" which he also sings against homophobia in mass media, hip hop, and society.


title: Macklemore

text: Macklemore was nominated for seven Grammy Awards at the 2014 Grammys. Macklemore and Lewis won Best New Artist, Best Rap Album ("The Heist"), Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance ("Thrift Shop").


title: Macklemore

text: He was taught at Garfield High School and then Nathen Hale High School. His parents are namend Bill Haggerty and Julie Haggerty. He has one brother named Tim Haggerty. Tim Haggerty sings on few of Macklemore's songs like: "And We Danced" and "American".


title: Macklemore

text: In 2005 Macklemore released his first album, "The Language of My World". In 2006 he met Ryan Lewis. They released an album together, "The Heist". On January 26, 2014, Macklemore performed "Same Love" at the Grammy Awards.


title: A-ha

text: a-ha are a Norwegian band who were formed in Oslo. They initially rose to fame during the 1980s, but have had continued success in the 1990s and 2000s. They split in 2010, but reunited 5 years later.


title: Sacagawea

text: Sacagawea (c. 1788 – c. December 20, 1812; was a Lemhi Shoshone woman who went along with the Lewis and Clark Expedition as an interpreter and guide. Lewis and Clark explored the Western United States with her, traveling thousands of miles from North Dakota to the Pacific Ocean between 1804 and 1806.


title: Sacagawea

text: Sacagawea is well remembered today. When many people think about Lewis and Clark today, they also think about Sacagawea.


title: Sacagawea

text: In 2000, the United States Mint issued the Sacagawea dollar coin in her honor, showing Sacagawea and her son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. The face on the coin was made to look like a modern Shoshone-Bannock woman named Randy'L He-dow Teton. This was because nobody knows exactly what Sacagawea looked like.


title: Sacagawea

text: At about thirteen years of age, Sacagawea was taken as a wife by Toussaint Charbonneau, a Quebecer trapper living in the village. He had also taken another young Shoshone named Otter Woman as a wife.


title: Sacagawea

text: Sacagawea was pregnant with her first child when the Corps of Discovery arrived near the Hidatsa villages to spend the winter of 1804–1805. Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark built Fort Mandan. They interviewed several trappers who might be able to interpret or guide the expedition up the Missouri River in the springtime. They agreed to hire Charbonneau as an interpreter when they discovered his wife spoke Shoshone, as they knew they would need the help of Shoshone tribes at the headwaters of the Missouri.


title: Sacagawea

text: Charbonneau and Sacagawea moved into the expedition's fort a week later. Clark nicknamed her Janey. Lewis wrote about the birth of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau on February 11, 1805.


title: Sacagawea

text: In April, the expedition left Fort Mandan and headed up the Missouri River in "pirogues". They had to be poled against the current and sometimes pulled from the riverbanks. On May 14, 1805, Sacagawea rescued items that had fallen out of a capsized boat, including the journals and records of Lewis and Clark. The corps commanders, who praised her quick action, named the Sacagawea River in her honor on May 20.


title: Sacagawea

text: By August 1805, the corps had found a Shoshone tribe and was trying to trade for horses to cross the Rocky Mountains. They used Sacagawea to interpret and discovered that the tribe's chief was her brother Cameahwait.


title: Sacagawea

text: The Shoshone agreed to trade horses to the group, and to provide guides to lead them over the cold and barren Rocky Mountains. The trip was so hard that they were had to eat candles just to live. When they went down into the more temperate regions on the other side, Sacagawea helped to find and cook camas roots to help them get their strength back.


title: Sacagawea

text: As the expedition approached the mouth of the Columbia River on the Pacific Coast, Sacagawea gave up her beaded belt to let the captains trade for a fur robe they wanted to give to President Thomas Jefferson.


title: Sacagawea

text: On the trip back, they came near the Rocky Mountains in July 1806. On July 6, Clark wrote "The Indian woman informed me that she had been in this plain frequently and knew it well... She said we would discover a gap in the mountains in our direction..." which is now Gibbons Pass. A week later, on July 13, Sacagawea told Clark to cross into the Yellowstone River basin at what is now known as Bozeman Pass. This was later chosen as the best route for the Northern Pacific Railway to cross the continental divide.


title: Sacagawea

text: While Sacagawea has been thought of as a guide for the expedition, she probably only gave directions a few times. Her work as an interpreter certainly helped the party to talk with the Shoshone. However, the most important thing she did for the group may have been being there during the hard journey, which showed they did not want to attack any Native Americans they came across. While traveling through what is now Franklin County, Washington, Clark noted, "The Indian woman confirmed those people of our friendly intentions, as no woman ever accompanies a war party of Indians in this quarter," and, "the wife of Shabono our interpreter we find reconciles all the Indians, as to our friendly intentions a woman with a party of men is a token of peace."


title: Sacagawea

text: After the expedition, Charbonneau and Sacagawea spent three years among the Hidatsa before accepting William Clark's invitation to live in St. Louis, Missouri in 1809.


title: Sacagawea

text: Sacagawea gave birth to a daughter, Lizette, sometime after 1810. According to Bonnie "Spirit Wind-Walker" Butterfield, historical documents say that Sacagawea died in 1812 of an unknown sickness:


title: Sacagawea

text: "An adoption document made in the Orphans Court Records in St. Louis, Missouri states, 'On August 11, 1813, William Clark became the guardian of 'Tousant Charbonneau, a boy about ten years, and Lizette Charbonneau, a girl about one year old.' For a Missouri State Court at the time, to designate a child as orphaned and to allow an adoption, both parents had to be confirmed dead in court papers."


title: Alpine orogeny

text: The Alpine orogeny (sometimes Alpide orogeny) is the building of mountain ranges in central and southern Europe and west Asia.


title: Kar98 rifle

text: The Kar98 is a German bolt-action rifle and it was the German military's main gun during World War II. It is a carbine version of the G98. The Kar98 was made because the G98 was too long to be used well in small spaces.


title: Alpine orogeny

text: This mountain-building phase started in the later Mesozoic era. It happened as the two large continents Africa and India (plus a smaller plates) moved north and collided with Eurasia. This happened at the end of the Mesozoic era, and is slowly continuing today.


title: Kar98 rifle

text: At the end of World War II, many German soldiers had to give up their weapons, including the Kar98. Despite it being the main gun used by Nazi Germany, it was often used by Israeli soldiers in the 1947-1949 Palestine War.


title: Alpine orogeny

text: So this slow collision sqeezed the Eurasian plates, and caused mountains to build from the western edge far into Asia. These are the mountain ranges of the Alpide belt. They include (from west to east) the Atlas, the Rif, the Baetic Cordillera, the Cantabrian Mountains, the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Apennine Mountains, the Dinaric Alps, the Hellenides, the Carpathian Mountains, the Balkan Mountains, the Taurus, the Armenian Highlands, the Caucasus, the Alborz, the Zagros, the Hindu Kush, the Pamir, the Karakoram, and the Himalayas.


title: Alpine orogeny

text: The Alpine orogeny also led to more distant and smaller geological features such as the chalk hills in southern England and northern France (the 'Weald–Artois Anticline'). The remains of this can be seen in the chalk ridges of the North and South Downs in southern England. Its effects are visible on the Isle of Wight, where the chalk and overlying Eocene strata are folded to near-vertical, as seen at Alum Bay and Whitecliff Bay, and on the Dorset coast near Lulworth Cove.


title: Alpine orogeny

text: The Alpine orogeny was the last of the three major phases of orogeny in Europe that made its geology. The Caledonian orogeny which formed the Old Red Sandstone continent was the first. The second was the Variscan orogeny. That was when Pangaea formed as Gondwana and the Old Red Sandstone continent collided in the middle to late Palaeozoic.


title: Continuum hypothesis

text: The continuum hypothesis is a hypothesis that there is no set that is both bigger than that of the natural numbers and smaller than that of the real numbers. Georg Cantor stated this hypothesis in 1877.


title: Continuum hypothesis

text: There are infinitely many natural numbers, the cardinality of the set of natural numbers is infinite. This is also true for the set of real numbers, but there are more real numbers than natural numbers. We say that the natural numbers have infinite cardinality and the real numbers have infinite cardinality, but the cardinality of the real numbers is greater than the cardinality of the natural numbers.


title: Continuum hypothesis

text: This hypothesis is the first problem on the list of 23 problems David Hilbert published in 1900. Kurt Gödel showed in 1939, that the hypothesis cannot be falsified using Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory. The Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory is the set theory commonly used in mathematics. Paul Cohen showed in the 1960s that the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory cannot be used to prove the continuum hypothesis, either. For this, Cohen was awarded the Fields Medal.


title: Railway signal

text: A railway signal or just signal is a mechanical or electrical machine that gives train drivers or engineers information about the line ahead. These traffic signals say whether the train must stop or may continue and what speed the train may go.


title: Railway signal

text: In Britain, modern signalling uses a system similar to road traffic lights. The signals are coloured lights mounted on a pole. A red signal means 'do not go further'. A yellow signal gives a warning to the driver that the next signal is showing a red. Some signals can show two yellow lights, known as a "double yellow" and are warnings to the driver that the next signal is showing a yellow. A green signal means 'you can continue'.


title: Railway signal

text: On older lines semaphore signals are still used. These are poles with a coloured bar at the top, which can be moved so that it is either horizontal, or at an angle. When a red bar is horizontal this means that the train must stop, and when it is pointing diagonally up or down it means that it's safe for the driver to continue. There are also signals with yellow bars which give warnings in the same way as yellow lights on newer signals.


title: Postfix notation

text: Postfix notation is a mathematical notation. It is a way to write down equations and other mathematical formulae. Postfix notation is also known as Reverse Polish Notation. The notation was invented by Charles Hamblin in 1920. He wanted to simplify writing logic equations. He used Jan Łukasiewicz's prefix notation.


title: Postfix notation

text: Some computer languages, like Postscript use Postfix notation. It is also used in some models of Hewlett-Packard calculators


title: Postfix notation

text: With postfix notation, the operations are noted after their arguments. Because of this, postfix is relatively easy to do with computers that have a stack to do calculations.


title: Postfix notation

text: Reverse Polish Notation uses a system that involve "stacks", each of which stores a certain value in specific ranks. The stacks usually start off with the first stack (often called the X stack), followed by the second stack (often called the Y stack), the third stack, and so on. New values can be entered on the first stack by pushing up the stack ranks by one. On a Reverse Polish Notation calculator, the "Enter" function would do the same.


title: Postfix notation

text: Using a common operator (plus, minus, multiply, or divide) will make the operator act from the first stack to the second stack. For example, the Reverse Polish Notation "12 3 /" means "take the numbers 12 and 3, then divide 12 by 3". On a Reverse Polish Calculator, this is written as "12 Enter 3 /", to denote each declared ranking up of the stacks.


title: Postfix notation

text: Reverse Polish Notation is able to deal with expressions involving brackets too. Suppose there is a normal equation "4 * (5 + 8)". In Reverse Polish Notation, this expression will be formatted as "5 8 + 4 *". The "5 8 +" part refers to the bracket "5 + 8" to equal 13. The "4 *" part refers to multiplying the result together to get 52. On that step, the resulting stack from adding 5 and 8 is automatically raised one rank after adding in the new value 4. Then using the multiply operator will multiply the sum of 5 and 8 by 4 will equal 52.


title: Postfix notation

text: Documentation included with early Hewlett-Packard calculators explained RPN as the same method you would use to evaluate an expression using paper and pencil. Basically, first you write down the arguments and then perform the arithmetic function. From the calculator's perspective, you must provide the argument(s) before calling the function. The benefit of a calculator with RPN is that you are always certain to which numbers (or intermediate calculation results) a function is being applied.


title: Socratic method

text: The Socratic Method (or Method of Elenchus or Socratic Debate), is named after the Greek philosopher Socrates. It is a form of philosophical questioning.


title: Robert Culp

text: Robert Martin Culp (August 16, 1930 – March 24, 2010) was an American actor, scriptwriter, voice actor and director.


title: Socratic method

text: The central technique of the Socratic method is called an elenchus. It means argument to disprove or refute (prove wrong).


title: Robert Culp

text: Culp was born in Oakland, California, and graduated from Berkeley High School, where he was a pole vaulter, taking second place at the 1947 CIF California State Meet. He attended the University of the Pacific, Washington University in St. Louis, San Francisco State University, and the University of Washington School of Drama, but never completed an academic degree.


title: Socratic method

text: Our knowledge of Socrates comes mainly from Plato, who was one of his pupils. No writing by Socrates survives.


title: Robert Culp

text: Culp is widely known for his work in television. Culp first earned an international reputation for his role as Kelly Robinson on "I Spy" (1965–1968), the espionage series in which he and co-star Bill Cosby played a pair of secret agents. The 1980's brought him back to TV again, starring as FBI Agent Bill Maxwell on "The Greatest American Hero". He also had a recurring role as Warren Whelan on "Everybody Loves Raymond". In all, Culp gave hundreds of performances in a career spanning more than 50 years.


title: Socratic method

text: Socrates was famous for not answering questions in a direct manner. "I know that I know nothing", he said. Socrates's stated position (as presented in Plato's dialogues) was that other person already knew the answer to a question. He (S.) only drew out what was already in the other's mind.


title: Robert Culp

text: Culp married five times and was the father of three sons, Joshua (1958), Jason (1961) and Joseph (1963), and two daughters, Rachel (1964) and Samantha (1982). From 1967 to 1970, he was married to Eurasian actress France Nuyen, whom he had met when she guest-starred on "I Spy". She appeared in four episodes, two of them written by Culp himself.


title: Socratic method

text: In Plato's early dialogues, the "elenchus" is the technique Socrates uses to investigate ethical concepts, such as justice or virtue. According to one scholar, it has the following steps:


title: Robert Culp

text: Culp wrote scripts for a total of seven episodes, one of which he also directed. He also wrote scripts for other television series, including "Trackdown", "The Rifleman" and "The Greatest American Hero".


title: Socratic method

text: The exact nature of the elenchus is subject to a great deal of debate. In particular, whether it is a positive method leading to knowledge, or a negative method used solely to refute false claims to knowledge.


title: Robert Culp

text: Culp died on March 24, 2010, suffering a heart attack while taking a walk in Los Angeles, California. Culp's remains were buried in the Sunset View Cemetery in El Cerrito, California, located not far from his hometown of Oakland.


title: Socratic method

text: According to W.K.C. Guthrie, the Socratic method was intended to demonstrate one's ignorance. Socrates, unlike the Sophists, did believe that knowledge was possible, but believed that the first step to knowledge was recognition of one's ignorance. Guthrie writes, "[Socrates] was accustomed to say that he did not himself know anything, and that the only way in which he was wiser than other men was that he was conscious of his own ignorance, while they were not. The essence of the Socratic method is to convince the interlocutor that whereas he thought he knew something, in fact he does not".


title: Panchthar District

text: Panchthar district () is a district in Nepal. It is in the Mechi Zone of the Eastern Development Region.


title: Voiced bilabial trill

text: The voiced bilabial trill is a consonant. It is used in some spoken languages. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is B\.


title: Voiced bilabial trill

text: In many of the languages that contain the voiced bilabial trill, it only occurs as part of a prenasalised bilabial stop with trilled release, . This developed historically from a prenasalized stop before a relatively high back vowel, such as . In such instances, these sounds are usually still limited to the environment of a following .


title: Burlap

text: Burlap is often sewn into large sacks for packing and shipping bulk foods such as dried beans and grains. After filling, the sack can be sewn closed and the stitching opened so the sack can be reused.


title: Reproductive isolation

text: Reproductive isolation refers to the situation where different species may live in the same area, but properties of individuals prevent them from interbreeding.


title: Reproductive isolation

text: The things which stop species or groups of organisms reproducing sexually are called isolating mechanisms.


title: Reproductive isolation

text: Members of one species do not, in general, mate with members of another species, though there are many exceptions and variations to this. And, if such mating does take place, the offspring may not develop, or may not be fertile.


title: Reproductive isolation

text: If species arise by the splitting of ancestral species, it might be asked what stops the new species continuing to reproduce together. If they did, they would again become one species.


title: Reproductive isolation

text: There is still much debate as to whether the Dobzhansky/Mayr account is satisfactory. Modern researchers tends to avoid the general term 'isolating mechanisms' in favour of the more specific terms 'mate choice', 'hybrid incompatibility' and other forms of 'reproductive isolation'.


title: Volkswagen Golf Mk4

text: The Volkswagen Golf Mk4 is the fourth generation of the compact car Volkswagen Golf. It successed the Mk3 in 1997, and were in 2003 successed by the Mk5, but the Golf Variant continues until 2006. The platform of the Mk4 Golf were also used for the New Beetle and the Bora.


title: Tafelspitz

text: Tafelspitz - boiled tri-tip - is a typical Austrian dish. The beef is simmered with root vegetables and spices in the broth. It is usually served with roasted slices of potato and a mix of minced apples and horseradish or sour cream mixed with horseradish.


title: Tafelspitz

text: Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, was a great lover of Tafelspitz. Tafelspitz is said to be the national dish of Austria.


title: Tafelspitz

text: Tafelspitz is the name of the meat cut which is used. It is usually from a young ox. The meat for Tafelspitz is well-aged pieces of beef, a cut of beef from the bottom sirloin primal cut. This cut is typically known in the United States as the tri-tip.


title: Tafelspitz

text: Austrian butchers gave almost every muscle of beef a separate name. The hind leg alone is parted into 16 cuts.


title: Internet safety

text: Internet safety is the topic of teaching people how to be safe when using the internet. It is particularly important when using social media, through which personal information is shared.


title: Internet safety

text: Internet safety is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools and focuses on making sure children know that:


title: Internet safety

text: There are more another ways to secure your devices when surfing through Internet ,You can use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) they are usually more secure then simple , also they help to unlock many websites which are blocked by your service provider , It is usually recommended to use a Paid service rather than using free service. And an Anti-virus must have to be in your device if you want a secure surfing.


title: DSM IV

text: The DSM-IV is the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM is a manual written by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). They are numbered using Roman numerals: DSM-I, DSM-II, DSM-III, DSM-IV, but the latest edition adopted Arabic numerals allowing subsequent editions to be numbered, 5.1, 5.2 and so on. After the DSM-IV was published, some changes (or revisions) were made to the descriptions in the manual. Because of this, the most recent version of the DSM-IV is officially called the DSM-IV-TR (the TR stands for "Text Revision").


title: DSM IV

text: The DSM lists every condition that is officially called a mental illness by the APA. The DSM organizes these conditions into different categories. Each condition is given a code, made up of numbers or a combination of numbers and letters. Along with the condition's name and code, the DSM also gives other information, like:


title: DSM IV

text: The conditions that are listed in the DSM have changed over time. In each new version of the DSM, the APA adds conditions that it has accepted as mental illnesses since the last version was published. It may also take out conditions that are no longer thought of as mental illnesses. (For example, homosexuality was listed as a mental illness in the earlier DSMs, but was then taken out.) The APA may also change the way it describes certain conditions.


title: DSM IV

text: When a person gets a DSM diagnosis, there are five different "axes", or categories of information that need to be included.


title: DSM IV

text: Axis I: This is where most mental health conditions are listed. Both the name of the condition and its assigned code need to be listed. For example, types of ADHD, depression, anxiety disorders would be listed here. A person can have just one Axis I diagnosis, or more than one.


title: DSM IV

text: Axis II: If the person has mental retardation (intellectual disability), autism or a personality disorder, it is listed here.


title: DSM IV

text: Axis IV: This axis records whether the person has certain kinds of "psychosocial stressors." There are few set categories of psychosocial stressors: Primary support problems (for example, family conflict); social environment problems (for example, the person has poor social skills and few friends); economic problems (like poverty or job loss); housing problems (like poor housing or homelessness); educational problems (like school failure); problems with access to healthcare services; and "other" stressors.


title: DSM IV

text: Axis V: For this axis, a mental health professional will pick a number that sums up how much the person is affected by his mental health problems, and how well he is functioning in his life. The professional uses a scale called the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), which explains what different numbers mean. A person's score is called his "GAF score."


title: DSM IV

text: There are a few benefits to the DSM's multi-axial system. The five axes sum up all of the information that is most important to mental health professionals when they are treating a person. They give a snapshot of the most important things that affect a person's mental health. A full DSM diagnosis is also like a common language to mental health professionals. Even if there are different professionals, who come from different specialties or even speak different languages, they will all understand the DSM diagnosis.


title: DSM IV

text: (1) "Disorders Usually Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence". For example: types of ADHD; mental retardation; autism spectrum disorders; and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).


title: DSM IV

text: (2) "Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, and Other Cognitive Disorders." These disorders cause problems with thinking and memory.


title: DSM IV

text: (3) "Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition Not Otherwise Classified." These are disorders which are caused by a medical problem.


title: DSM IV

text: (4) "Substance-Related Disorders." These are conditions which have to do with use, abuse, or addiction to illegal drugs, alcohol, or other substances (like caffeine and nicotine). This category also includes conditions caused by withdrawal from these substances.


title: DSM IV

text: (5) "Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders." These include all of the different types of schizophrenia, and other disorders that cause psychosis (being out of touch with reality).


title: DSM IV

text: (7) "Anxiety Disorders." For example: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD); Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); Generalized Anxiety Disorder.


title: DSM IV

text: (8) "Somatiform Disorders." People with these disorders have a lot of physical symptoms, like pain or stomach problems. However, these symptoms are not thought to be caused by an actual medical disorder. They are thought to be caused by mental health problems instead. One example is hypochondriasis, where a person is always worried that they have serious medical problems when they do not. Another condition in this category is Body Dysmorphic Disorder, where a person hates his body, or a part of his body.


title: DSM IV

text: (9) "Factitious Disorders." People with these disorders exaggerate or make up medical problems. They may do this because it gets them things they want (for example, attention and sympathy).


title: DSM IV

text: (10) "Dissociative Disorders." These disorders cause a person to have problems with memory, awareness, and perceiving (seeing and understanding) things correctly. The person may also feel disconnected from his identity (his view of himself and who he is). The best-known condition in this category is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) (which used to be called "Multiple Personality Disorder).


title: DSM IV

text: (11) "Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders." Sexual disorders include paraphilias, where a person is sexually attracted to objects or to kinds of sexual activity that are not normal. For example, pedophilia (being sexually attracted to children) is a type of paraphilia. Another type of sexual disorder is sexual dysfunction (problems with performing sexually). This category also includes Gender Identity Disorder, where a person feels like one gender, but has the body of another gender.


title: DSM IV

text: (12) "Eating Disorders." The two major types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.


title: DSM IV

text: (14) "Impulse Control Disorders Not Otherwise Specified." These are disorders where people have trouble controlling their urges to do things. For example: trichotillomania (where a person pulls hair out of his body) and Intermittent Explosive Disorder (where a person has sudden explosions of anger).


title: DSM IV

text: (15) "Adjustment Disorders." With these disorders, a person is having trouble adjusting to, or getting used to, something stressful in his life.


title: DSM IV

text: (16) "Personality Disorders". These diagnoses can only be given to adults. For example: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Borderline Personality Disorder.


title: Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)

text: Bojhena Se Bojhena (); () is a Bengali Television Soap Opera That Premiered On November 4, 2013 And Airs On STAR Jalsha . The Soap, produced By Shree Venkatesh Films, is a remake Of Hindi soap "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?", which aired on STAR Plus. It replaced Star Jalsha's popular show "Tapur Tupur".


title: Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)

text: Pakhi Ghosh Dastidar (Madhumita Sarkar), daughter of Sharat Ghosh Dastidar (Kushal Chakraborty) and Sumitra Ghosh Dastidar (Reshmi Sen) is a simple and traditional girl from Malda deeply rooted in family values. She believes in the strength of love, relationships, and faith in God. On the other hand, Aranya Singha Roy (Yash Dasgupta) is a rich, arrogant and suave business tycoon with no belief in love or God. His closest emotional bond is with his sister Ananya (Debaparna Chakraborty). Pakhi and Aranya first meet each other at hotel Rajmahal where Pakhi accidently falls from the stage in Aranya's arms. Aranya thinks it as an intentionally effort to blander his occasion. However he locks pakhi in a room and behaves very rudely. Next time he exposed the video of falling Pakhi in his arms through media. For this Piu's marriage breaks and their family faces a great disrespect. Then they move to Kolkata from Maldah. Here Pakhi meets ASR again in a temple and they quarrel again. Pakhi takes a job in the ASR Group of Industries where she signs in a contact of 1 lakh taka with ASR. Meanwhile, she assignes as the P.A of ASR. Day by day Pakhi starts to make many funny things and also causes many problems in the office. ASR also insults her a lot and many times he used to punishes her. Then Anu meets Pakhi and assignes her to take care of Pamela and to make her a proper traditional girl for ASR. Pamela is ASR's college friend and now lives with them as she is going to be married with ASR. ASR feels so disturbed in home too for Pakhi. Circumstances brings them close and they start to feel for each other. They also spend many romantic moments as time gets close. But Krishnendu [Anu's husband] lusts for Pakhi and tries to marry Pakhi. As Pakhi doesn't ever see him, he easily takes proposal to Pakhi's house. At first Pakhi refuses. But on the day of Anu's birthday, ASR tries to kiss her but somehow he controls himself. This makes Pakhi passionate and also shy. Rather ASR insults her a lot and declares his engagement with Pamela. Pakhi gets heartbroken and agrees with the marriage with Krishnendu. Hearing this ASR also feels guilty and heartbroken. He wants to meet Pakhi's would be husband. Anu & Didun congrates Pakhi. Soon Pakhi gets know about Krishnendu's plot and his true identity. Thus she refuses to marry him. Here Pamela somehow tries to do harm to Anu. Knowing that ASR refuses to marry her and send her to London again. However all barriers between them get out.


title: Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)

text: Again they start to feel for each other deeply. Here Akki & Piu fall for each other. But Pammi doesn't admire Piu as her daughter in law. ASR & Pakhi plan to unite them together. Various interesting incidents start to happening. At last Akki and Piu confront their love to each other. ASR also makes Pammi agree for their marriage. Very soon Pammi's nephew Harry arrives. He is a funny guy and loves to pamper girls. As usual he starts to like Pakhi and runs after her. Pakhi also considered him as friend and spend lots of time with him. This makes ASR jealous and he tries to show his possessivity to her. This time many emotional and romantic incidents take place. Their feelings turns into love.


title: Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)

text: However Akki & Piu's marriage ceremony starts. In sangeet, surprisingly ASR dances with Pakhi and takes her closer. After that he challenges Pakhi to do the same what he would do. Pakhi accepts the challenge and surprisingly ASR kisses her. As such Pakhi also kisses him unwillingly. Here ASR feels so jealous with Harry. Understanding this Pakhi makes Harry wear "Rakhi" and their relation turns into brother and sister. ASR feels happy and decides to confront his love to Pakhi. Here Krishnendu has been trying to kill Anu to get Pakhi. He always keeps an eye on ASR & Pakhi. On Piu's marriage day, ASR tries to propose Pakhi but he can't succeed. Krishnendu plots against them and calls Pakhi at the roof. Following Pakhi ASR also reaches at the roof and see Pakhi hugging Krishnendu. Though Krishnendu forcefully did that ASR misunderstands Pakhi and starts to hate her.


title: Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)

text: Aranya decides to tell everything to Anu. But at the vary moment it is known that Anu is pregnant. ASR wants to save her sister's life. Thus he asks Pakhi to marry him only for six months and this is a deal between them. As Pakhi doesn't ready to marry him alone ASR threats him that if she refuses then he will break Akki and Piu's marriage. Finding no other alternative Pakhi agrees and they get married secretly. Everyone gets surprised but admires Pakhi as the daughter in law of Singha Roy family.


title: Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)

text: Pakhi tries to know the reason behind this marriage. But ASR doesn't reveal the truth. Still ASR loves Pakhi but never expresses that. After a few months Pakhi threats ASR that if he doesn't tell the reason then she will commit suicide. ASR slaps her and speaks out the truth. Pakhi gets shocked and tries to make him understand the truth. But ASR doesn't believe her and goes to London. On his way he is kidnapped by Krishnendu. Pakhi somehow realizes that Aranya is in danger and she reaveals that Krishnendu has kidnapped Aranya. Pakhi shares this with Harry. With Harry's help she finds out ASR. Here ASR realizes his mistake and again takes Pakhi closer. They spend some romantic moments together. After coming back home they reveal the truth to Anu. But she misunderstands them and goes against ASR and Pakhi. At the same time Pamela also comes back to take revenge. After lots of hurdles and efforts ASR and Pakhi succeed to expose Krishnendu before Anu and finally they reunite.


title: Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)

text: Now Pakhi and Aranya are getting married on the show for the second time after going through lots of hurdles,and planning on exposing Krishnendu. After the wedding Krishnendu's appearance makes everyone shocked. Aranya gets shot and he falls in a river. Police investigate and state that Aranya is dead. Pakhi denies to believe Aranya's post death and acts madly as Aranya is alive. After some time Harry and Gauri get married and everything gets normal except Pakhi's abnormal behaviour.


title: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

text: St. John's is the capital of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is also the largest city in the province, with 108,860 people living there and 205,955 people in the St. John's Metropolitan Area.


title: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

text: Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) has two campuses in St. John's and College of the North Atlantic (CNA) also has two (and a third in Seal Cove, within the St. John's Metropolitan Area). MUN and CNA are the only two public higher education institutions in Newfoundland. Given this, there are many students living in St. John's to pursue studies.


title: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

text: St. John's is home to the Newfoundland Growlers who play in the ECHL. St. John's is also home to the St. John's Edge who play in the NBL


title: Gloucestershire

text: Gloucestershire (pronounced ; "GLOSS-ter-sher") is a county in South West England. The county includes part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.


title: Gloucestershire

text: The county town is Gloucester, and other principal towns include Cheltenham, Stroud, Cirencester, and Tewkesbury.


title: Gloucestershire

text: Gloucestershire borders the county of Gwent in Wales, and in England the counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire, Somerset and Bristol.


title: Gloucestershire

text: This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Gloucestershire at current basic prices published (pp.240-253) by "Office for National Statistics" with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.


title: Donna Summer

text: Donna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer-songwriter. She was an African American Christian who was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts. She became famous during the disco era in the 1970s and became a pop icon. She died of lung cancer in Englewood, Florida. In 1982 she released a single with Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie, and Stevie Wonder called "State of Independence". She became known for songs like "Hot Stuff", "Last Dance", and "She Works Hard for the Money".


title: Bleeding

text: Bleeding, technically known as haemorrhaging (Brit.) or hemorrhaging (US) is the loss of blood or blood escape from the circulatory system.


title: Donna Summer

text: In 1974, Summer married Helmuth Sommer (which led to her stage name Summer) but divorced him two years later. She married Bruce Sudano in 1990 and had two children with him.


title: Bleeding

text: Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body, or externally, either through a natural opening such as the vagina, mouth, nose, ear or anus, or through a break in the skin.


title: Bleeding

text: Desanguination is a major blood loss. Exsanguination is losing enough blood to cause death. A person does not have to lose all of their blood to die. People can die from losing half to two-thirds of their blood.


title: Bleeding

text: Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties, and blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume.


title: Bleeding

text: The World Health Organization (WHO) established a scale to measure different degrees of blood loss, from level 0 to 4. Level 0 indicates no blood loss, whilst level 4 represents the highest level of hemorrhaging, with a risk of fatality.


title: Pigment

text: A pigment is something that is added to something else to give it color. Natural pigments can come from just about anything. Pigments can be made from animals, plants, rocks and minerals or even the ground itself, for example clay plus salts. Pigments can also be created by people.


title: Pigment

text: An example of a pigment is ultramarine. It is a powder found in nature. It adds a blue color to paints and dyes.


title: Pigment

text: The first synthetic dye was aniline. Aniline is an organic chemical compound produced in two stages from benzene. It gives a mauve color which was much used for dyeing clothes in the 19th century. It was invented in 1856 by William Henry Perkin. Apparently, it gave a brilliant fuchsia color when first applied, but fades rapidly to mauve.


title: PubMed

text: PubMed is a free online database of references on life sciences. It was established in January 1996. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) maintains the database.


title: PubMed

text: Each record in the PubMed database is assigned a special number to identify it. This is the PMID, an acronym for "PubMed IDentifier" number. PMIDs do not change over time and they are never reused. Any PMID is only a number. The PMID tells the reader nothing about the type or quality of the content of any publication.


title: Summit

text: The summit is the top of a mountain or hill. In geography, the elevation of mountains is measured. The elevation is the difference in height between sea level and the top of a mountain or hill. A peak is a pointed mountain, though not always.


title: Aquaculture

text: Aquaculture is the farming of fish, shrimp, abalones, algae, and other seafood. Aquaculture supplies fish, such as catfish, salmon, and trout. It was developed a few thousand years ago in China. Aquaculture supplies over 20% of all the seafood harvested.


title: Aquaculture

text: Fish farming has been practiced, in some parts of the world, for thousands of years. Goldfish originated about a thousand years ago in carp farms in China, and the Roman Empire farmed oysters and other seafood. Today, half of the seafood eaten in the U.S. is farmed. To help meet the growing global demand for seafood, aquaculture is growing fast.


title: Aquaculture

text: The environmental impact of fish farming varies widely, depending on the species being farmed, the methods used and where the farm is located. When good practices are used, it's possible to farm seafood in a way that has very little impact to the environment. Such operations limit habitat damage, disease, escapes of farmed fish and the use of wild fish as feed.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: Edgar Chagwa Lungu (born 11 November 1956) was the 6th President of Zambia from 2015 until 2021. He is a former Minister of Justice, Minister of Defence and Minister of Home Affairs. Following President Michael Sata's death in October 2014, Lungu was chosen as the candidate for the Patriotic Front for the January 2015 presidential by-election, which was to determine who would serve out the remainder of Sata's term. In the election, he narrowly defeated his opposition Hakainde Hichilema and took office on 25 January 2015.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: Lungu was elected to a full presidential term in the August 2016 election. Lungu was sworn in for his first full term on 13 September 2016. He lost his re-election bid in 2021, losing to businessman Hakainde Hichilema.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: Lungu was born 11 November 1956 at Ndola Central Hospital. After graduating with a law degree in 1981 from the University of Zambia, he joined the law firm Andre Masiye and Company in Lusaka. He subsequently underwent military officer training at Miltez in Kabwe under Zambia National Service (ZNS). He then returned to practising law. He then joined politics.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: In 2010, Edgar Lungu had his law practicing licence suspended by the Law Association of Zambia. This was after he was found guilty of professional misconduct.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: He joined the United Party for National Development(UPND) under Anderson Mazoka, but later switched to the Patriotic Front (PF) which was led by party founder Michael Sata.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: After the PF won the 2011 election, Lungu became Junior Minister in the Vice-President's office. He was subsequently promoted to Minister of Home Affairs on 9 July 2012. He became Minister of Defence on 24 December 2013 after Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba resigned from his ministerial post, and he functioned as Acting President during President Sata's long term illness in 2013–14.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: When President Sata went abroad for medical treatment on 19 October 2014, Lungu was left in charge of the country in his absence. When Sata died on 28 October 2014, Vice-President Guy Scott took over as Acting President, and Lungu was seen as one of the main contenders to ultimately succeed Sata in a presidential by-election.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: On 3 November 2014, Acting President Scott dismissed Lungu as Secretary-General of the PF. He replaced him with Davis Mwila, the Member of Parliament for Chipili. However, the next day, on 4 November 2014, Scott announced Lungu was to remain as Secretary-General after Mwila declined to take up his appointment. On 30 November 2014, Lungu was elected as President of the Patriotic Front at a national convention of the party held in Kabwe, Zambia. However the convention was unusual because no voting took place. Instead, the unaccredited delegates elected him by raising hands.


title: Edgar Lungu

text: On 20 January 2015 Lungu contested the presidential by-election and beat his closest rival Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development. He was declared the winner by the Electoral Commission of Zambia on 24 January. He lost his re-election in August 2021 to businessman Hakainde Hichilema, however he does not want to say he lost the election calling it a fraud.


title: Joan Collins

text: Dame Joan Henrietta Collins (born 23 May 1933) is an English actress, author and columnist. She played Alexis Colby in "Dynasty".


title: Joan Collins

text: Collins has been married five times. The first time was to Irish actor Maxwell Reed. They married on 24 May 1952 and divorced in 1956. Collins married award-winning singer, actor and movie composer Anthony Newley on 27 May 1963. She and Newley had two children, a daughter Tara Cynara Newley and a son, Alexander Anthony "Sacha" Newley. Collins and Newley divorced in 1970. In March 1972, Collins married her third husband Ron Kass. He was the president of Apple Records during the time of the Beatles. During their marriage Collins had her third and final child, a daughter, Katyana Kennedy Kass. Collins's marriage to Kass ended in divorce in 1983. On 3 November 1985, Collins married Swedish singer Peter Holm in a ceremony in Las Vegas. They were divorced on 25 August 1987. In 2001 Collins met theatrical company manager Percy Gibson, 32 years her junior. They married on 17 February 2002 at Claridge's Hotel in London. They renewed their vows in 2009. The pair were contestants on the Christmas Day edition of the ITV game show "All Star Mr. & Mrs." in 2009.


title: Joan Collins

text: Collins has homes in London, Los Angeles, New York and the South of France, describing her life as being "that of a gypsy".


title: Joan Collins

text: Collins is one of the oldest models to ever pose nude in popular magazine Playboy. She did so at the age of 49.


title: Goblin

text: A goblin is a legendary evil or mischievous creature, described as a grotesquely evil. They are attributed with various abilities, temperaments and appearances depending on the story and country of origin.


title: Sexual health

text: A WHO working definition for sexual health is that it "is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled." However, while used by WHO as well as other organizations, this is not an official WHO position, and should not be used or quoted as a WHO definition.


title: J Balvin

text: Balvin was born in a middle-class family in Medellín, Colombia, on May 7, 1985. He is the son of José Álvaro Osorio and Alba Mery Balvi. Balvin has a younger sister named Carolina, who is a model. His father was an economist and businessman and grew up in a large house in the hills outside the city. He grew up listening to rock bands like Metallica and Nirvana. He claims that he incorporates grunge aesthetics into his personal style by having a Nirvana tattoo on his knee. He developed an interest in reggaeton after listening to Daddy Yankee. He recalls that "I was such a fan that I copied his style, the way he moved on stage, his flows, his raps," comparing him to reggaeton's Jay-Z. His father's business went bankrupt and his family lost their homes and cars, demanding that the family move to a poorer neighborhood. During this period of his life, J Balvin observes: "When I went into the favela, people saw me as a rich person, but when I'm around rich people, they see me as someone from the ghetto. They are all perceptions. I like to move between the worlds. I feel equally comfortable in both.".


title: J Balvin

text: When J Balvin was 17, he attended an English exchange program in Oklahoma. He was disappointed by the experience, saying, "I was expecting the US that everyone knows about Hollywood." Shortly after the experience, he moved to New York to study English and music, living with an aunt in Staten Island and working as a dog walker. During his time in New York, he was fascinated by the business knowledge of rappers 50 Cent and P. Diddy of New York. J Balvin worked in various jobs in New York, Miami and Medellin, including working illegally in the United States as a carpenter and house painter. He finally decided to return to Colombia and began performing at various urban clubs in Medellín and increasing his social media afterwards. He enrolled at the prestigious EAFIT University in Medellin for seven semesters studying international business. At 19, he began to pursue a career in music and adopted the stage name J Balvin "El Negocio", meaning "the Business" in Portuguese.


title: J Balvin

text: He met his DJ and business partner David Rivera Mazo in a freestyle rap battle in Medellin. The two became friends and began producing and promoting their own music without a record label. The first songs by J Balvin were described as "basically poor imitations of Puerto Rican commercial reggaeton." He soon adopted a more relaxed and minimalist style in his music. He signed with EMI Colombia in 2009 and soon afterwards released the single "Ella Me Cautivó", which was reached number 35 on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart. His first international success was the one-night " Yo Te Lo Dije". J Balvin signed with Universal's subsidiary Capitol Latin, a year later.


title: Computus

text: Computus (Latin for "computation") is the method for calculating the date of Easter. In the early 4th century there was confusion about when Christian Easter or the Resurrection should be celebrated.


title: Computus

text: At the Arles Council, in 314, was obliged to all the Christianity to celebrate Easter the same day, and that this date was going to be assigned by the Pope, that was going to send epistles to all the churches in the world with the necessary instructions. However, not all the congregations followed those precepts.


title: Computus

text: However, there still were discussions between the Roman Church and the Alexandrian Church, while the Nicaea Council said that the Alexandria Church was right, they had to calculate the date (in Alexandria), then communicate it to Rome. The Roman Church had to spread the "computus" to the rest of the Christianity.


title: Computus

text: Let's define 5 variables, "a", "b", "c", "d", and "e". In addition to two constants, "M" and "N", so the years between 1900 and 2100 take the values 24 and 5, respectively. We'll call "A" the year that we want to calculate the Easter date.


title: Computus

text: If "d" + "e" < 10, the Easter date will be in March ("d" + "e" + 22). If opposed ("d" + "e" > 9), will be in April ("d" + "e" − 9).


title: President of Nepal

text: The President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (, "Nēpālakō rāṣṭrapati") is the head of state of Nepal and commander in chief of the Nepalese Armed Forces. The office was created in May 2008 after the country was declared as a republic.


title: President of Nepal

text: The first President of Nepal was Ram Baran Yadav. The current president is Bidhya Devi Bhandari, elected in October 2015.


title: Bedrock

text: In stratigraphy, bedrock is the common term for solid rock under the surface of the Earth. Above the bedrock is usually an area of broken and weathered rock, soil, sand, pebbles, etc.


title: Bedrock

text: The top of the bedrock is known as the rockhead and identifying this, via excavations, drilling or geophysical methods, is an important task in most civil engineering projects. Loose material on top (known as drift) can be extremely thick, so that the bedrock lies hundreds of meters below the surface.


title: Bedrock

text: A 'solid' geologic map of an area will usually show the rock that would be exposed at the surface if all soil or other superficial deposits were removed.


title: Predicate logic

text: In logic and philosophy, predicate logic is a system of mathematical logic. It uses predicates to express the state of certain things, which are "incomplete propositions" with a placeholder for objects or subjects that must be inserted in order to obtain a valid proposition.


title: Predicate logic

text: Predicate logic is different from propositional logic, in part because it has the concept of "quantifiers". A quantifier is used in conjunction with a variable (say "x") in order to talk about a general instance of x, and in doing so, this allows predicate logic to make statements about quantity.


title: Predicate logic

text: The best-known quantifiers are the "existential quantifier", represented by ∃, and the "universal quantifier", represented by ∀. The existential quantifier is used to express statements of the form "there exists", and is true precisely when there is at least one mathematical object from the universe of discourse that matches the predicate or formula. On the other hand, the universal quantifier is used to express statements of the form "for all", and is true precisely when all possible mathematical objects of the universe of discourse match the specified predicate or formula.


title: Predicate logic

text: In the notation of predicate logic, quantifiers directly precede (and thus introduce) variable names, which are then followed by other quantifiers or mathematical expressions, where the said variables are found. For example. one can use the expression formula_1 to mean "there is a person "x" such that for all persons "y", y likes x" ("everyone is liked by someone.").


title: Thiruvalluvar

text: Thiruvalluvar ( in Tamil), was a Tamil poet and philosopher who wrote the classic of couplets of Tamil, "Thirukkural".


title: Ride (band)

text: Ride was formed in 1988 by Mark Gardener, Andy Bell and Laurence Colbert. The named the band 'Ride' because of the evocation of travel and after the Ride cymbal. The band was a part of the "shoegazing" scene that happened in England during the early 1990s. They broke up in 1996 because of tension in the band. After their breakup, the former members decided to work on other projects. Andy Bell would become the bassist for Oasis.


title: Ride (band)

text: Their debut album "Nowhere" was ranked #74 on Pitchfork Media's list of "Top 100 Albums of the 1990s" and was also added to the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". The single "Vapour Trail" was ranked #145 on Pitchfork Media's list of "Top 200 Tracks of the 90s".


title: John Dankworth

text: Sir John Dankworth, CBE (20 September 1927 - 6 February 2010), was an English jazz composer, saxophonist and clarinetist. He was widely thought of as Britain's most famous jazz musician. He had a very big influence in the development of jazz in Britain. He composed film music and several television theme tunes such as "The Avengers" and "Tomorrow's World". In his early career he was known as Johnny Dankworth He was the husband of jazz singer Cleo Laine.


title: John Dankworth

text: John Dankworth was born in Woodford and grew up in Highams Park, Essex. His father was a sales manager who worked for an electrical engineering firm. John soon found that he loved jazz. He played the clarinet in a jazz band when he was still at school.


title: John Dankworth

text: In 1944 he went to study music at the Royal Academy of Music. He was playing the saxophone, too, but kept this a secret because jazz was not thought to be suitable for study at the RAM.


title: John Dankworth

text: When Dankworth did his National Service with the army, he often played in the army dance bands. He then got a job playing jazz on the Queen Mary which sailed regularly over the Atlantic Ocean to New York. In America he heard some of the greatest jazz players, especially Charlie Parker who played bebop.


title: John Dankworth

text: Back in Britain Dankworth took many jobs to get experience playing in jazz bands. He was a member of a group called Club Eleven which played together for several years. He also formed a band called Johnny Dankworth Seven with Frank Holder, who played bebop in the style of Miles Davis. They started to get well-known, and in 1951 were joined by a young singer called Cleo Laine.


title: John Dankworth

text: In 1953 the band broke up and Dankworth formed his first big band. It had eight brass instruments, five saxophones, a rhythm section and vocalists. The group was redesigned in 1956 when he put in a group of soloists instead of the saxophones. They often played on the radio and brought in guest artists who were not necessarily jazz musicians, e.g. the clarinettist Jack Brymer and the violinist Kenneth Essex as well as the music comedian and cartoonist Gerard Hoffnung.


title: John Dankworth

text: In 1960 he gave up playing in the band to spend more time on composition. He wrote some very successful film music, e.g. "The Servant", "Darling", "Modesty Blaise" and "Morgan, A Suitable Case for Treatment". He wrote the television theme for "The Avengers" and "Tomorrow’s World", as well as lots of music for television adverts. He composed a musical version of "Lysistrata" together with Benny Green for the Bath Festival.


title: John Dankworth

text: In 1958 he married Laine. He wrote many songs for her and played the beautiful accompaniments, often on the clarinet.


title: John Dankworth

text: In 1969 they built a concert hall called "The Stables" in their garden in Wavendon in Milton Keynes. It became an important centre for concerts, educational programmes and cultural events.


title: John Dankworth

text: Dankworth and Laine have two children: Alec who is a double bass player and Jacqui who is a singer. John formed a band which included Alec playing the double bass.