title: Chandragupta II

text: He was succeeded by his son Kumaragupta I in 415 CE.In his reign,the number shoonya (zero) was invented by Aryabhatta.


title: Venturi effect

text: The Venturi effect is a case where fluid flows through a tube that is narrow. The velocity of the fluid increases as it flows through the narrower tube while the pressure decreases, due to conservation of energy. The effect is an example of Bernoulli's principle.


title: Venturi effect

text: With the B.E. a simple flow of either A. Fluids, or B. Air, will cause pressure. Within an amount of time, this will cause a decrease in pressure and have the potential of creating energy.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: Andrew Phillip Cunanan (August 31, 1969 – July 23, 1997) was an American serial killer and gold digger. He murdered five people, including Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace and Chicago real estate developer Lee Miglin, during a three-month period from April to July 1997. He was a gay prostitute.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: Cunanan was born in National City, California. He lived in San Diego, California. He had antisocial personality disorder. Cunanan studied, but dropped out shortly afterwards from the University of California, San Diego.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: Cunanan's serial killings began in Minneapolis on April 27, 1997, with the murder of his close friend 28-year-old Jeffrey Trail. He later murdered his ex-boyfriend David Madson by shooting him in the back near Rush City, Minnesota. On May 4, 1997, he drove to Chicago where he killed real estate developer Lee Miglin at his Gold Coast home by stabbing him multiple times. Five days later, Cunanan shot and killed 45-year-old cemetery caretaker William Reese and stole his red pickup truck.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: On July 15, Cunanan murdered Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace, shooting him twice on the front stairway of his Miami Beach mansion, Casa Casuarina. A witness pursued Cunanan but was unable to catch him.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: On July 23, 1997, eight days after killing Versace, Cunanan killed himself with a gunshot through the mouth while living in a boat as police officials were close to arresting him. He was 27 years old.


title: Andrew Cunanan

text: Cunanan was played by Darren Criss in "", which premiered on January 17, 2018. Criss won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie" and a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actor – Miniseries, or Television Film" for his portrayal.


title: Set Fire to the Rain

text: "Set Fire to the Rain" is the second hit song from Adele's second album "21". It was her third number-one single in the United States. It hit #1 on "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming her third song to do so. It reached number 12 on the year-end chart of 2012 in the US. It has also been certified quadruple-Platinum for shipments of over four million copies in the US.


title: Set Fire to the Rain

text: No proper music video was shot for "Set Fire to the Rain" (as well as other singles from "21", "Rumor Has It" and "Turning Tables") as Adele had recently undergone vocal surgery. Instead, a live performance video was uploaded to her Vevo account and has received more than 380 million views as of October 2017.


title: Brookings Institution

text: The Brookings Institution is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. in the United States. One of Washington's oldest think tanks, Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, mainly in economics, policy, government, foreign policy, and global economy and development. In the University of Pennsylvania’s "2012 Global go-to think tanks report", Brookings is ranked the most influential think tank in the world.


title: Brookings Institution

text: Brookings states that its scholars "represent diverse points of view" and describes itself as non-partisan. The media describe Brookings as "liberal-centrist" or "centrist". An analysis of Congressional records from 1993 to 2002 found that Brookings was referenced by conservative politicians almost as often as liberal politicians. It got a score of 53 on a 1-100 scale with 100 the most liberal score. The same study found Brookings to be the most frequently cited think tank by the U.S. media and politicians.


title: Norman Lear

text: Norman Milton Lear (born July 27, 1922) is an American television writer and producer. He produced 1970s sitcoms including "All in the Family", "Sanford and Son", "One Day at a Time", "The Jeffersons", "Good Times", and "Maude".


title: Norman Lear

text: Lear was born on July 27, 1922 in New Haven, Connecticut to a Jewish family. He studied at Emerson College. Lear was married to Charlotte Rosen until they divorced. Then he was married to Frances Loeb from 1956 until they divorced in 1986. He has been married to Lyn Davis since 1987.


title: Cross-cultural psychology

text: Cross-cultural psychology is the study of the difference cultures can have on psychology. The environment, societal customs and changes in the overall structure of different countries may affect the psychology of individuals distinctly. It has relations in anthropology and sociological psychology.


title: Jemima Goldsmith

text: Jemima Marcelle Khan (née Goldsmith, born 30 January 1974) is a British TV, movie and documentary producer and founder of Instinct Productions, a television production company. She was also a journalist, and an editor of The New Statesman, a British political and cultural magazine. Goldsmith married Pakistani cricketer and politician Imran Khan in 1995, and had two sons. The couple divorced in 2004, although they still consider each other as good friends.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Sabbath in Christianity is the day of rest and service to God. The idea of the Sabbath in Christianity comes directly from the idea


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: of the Sabbath (or Shabbat) in Judaism. In fact, the word Sabbath itself comes from the Hebrew word "Shabbat." Like the Jewish Sabbath (Shabbat), the Sabbath in Christianity comes from the Genesis story of Creation. But unlike Jews, most Christians have Sabbath on Sunday, not Saturday. They also rest, but not the same way as Jews. The exact way depends on the church denomination.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Most Christians honor the Sabbath on Sunday to remember the Resurrection of Jesus on the first day of the week on the Jewish calendar. They say that there is an analogy between the obligation of the Christian day of worship and the Sabbath-day ordinance. These two rules are not literally identical though. They say that this ordinance is no longer valid, because God has replaced his old creation by a new one. For this reason, the obligation to keep the Sabbath is not the same for Christians as for Jews. They say there are examples in the New Testament, and in other writings surviving from the first few centuries.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Some conservative Christians are "Sabbatarians". Most of these follow the Reformed traditions. Sabbatarians think the first day of the week or "Lord's Day" is the new Sabbath. This is because the 4th commandment has never been revoked and Sabbath-keeping is in any case a creation ordinance.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Still others believe that the Sabbath remains as a day of rest on the Saturday, reserving Sunday as a day of worship. In reference to Acts 20:7, the disciples came together on the first day of the week (Sunday) to break bread and to hear the preaching of the apostle Paul. This is not the first time Christians assembled together on a Sunday; Jesus appeared to the Christians on the "first day of the week" while they were in hiding. One can maintain this argument in that Jesus himself maintained the Sabbath, although not within the restrictions that were mandated by Jewish traditions; the Pharisees often tried Jesus by asking him if certain tasks were acceptable according to the Law. This would seem to show that while the Sabbath was still of importance to the Jews, Sunday was a separate day for worship and teaching from Scriptures.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: The Seventh-day Adventists and other churches disagree with some of these views. They argue that the custom of meeting for worship on Sunday originated in paganism, specifically Sol Invictus and Mithraism (in which sun god worship took place on Sunday). This is therefore an explicit rejection of the commandment to keep the "seventh" day holy. Instead, they keep Saturday as the Sabbath as a memorial to God's work of creation believing that none of the Ten Commandments can ever be destroyed. Seventh-day Sabbatarians claim that the seventh day Sabbath was kept by the majority of Christian groups until the 2nd and 3rd century, by most until the 4th and 5th century, and a few thereafter, but because of opposition to Judaism after the Jewish-Roman wars, the original custom was gradually replaced by Sunday as the day of worship. The history of these changes is certainly not altogether lost regardless of any belief in a suppression of the facts by a conspiracy of the pagans of the Roman Empire and the clergy of the Catholic Church.


title: Sabbath in Christianity

text: Jews had come to be hated in the Roman Empire after the Jewish-Roman wars. This led to the criminalization of the Jewish Sabbath. Hatred of Jews is apparent in the Council of Laodicea (4th Century AD) where Canon 37–38 states: "It is not lawful to receive portions sent from the feasts of Jews or heretics, nor to feast together with them." and "It is not lawful to receive unleavened bread from the Jews, nor to be partakers of their impiety." In keeping with this rejection of the Jews, this Roman council also criminalized the Jewish Sabbath as can be seen in Canon 29 of the Council Laodicea: "Christians must not Judaize by resting on the Sabbath, but must work on that day, rather honoring the Lord's Day; and, if they can, resting then as Christians. But if any shall be found to be judaizers, let them be excommunicated from Christ."


title: Blood atonement

text: Blood atonement was once a teaching of the Mormon Church. Brigham Young first preached about blood atonement in the 1850s, though Joseph Smith may have thought of it first.


title: Blood atonement

text: Blood atonement taught that murder is so bad that the only way the murderer could pay for their sins was to be killed. This was sometimes called "blood-for-blood" punishment because it was used to punish murder. However, sometimes it was also used for non-violent crimes, like denying or leaving the church or marrying someone of a different race.


title: Blood atonement

text: The idea of blood atonement led to firing squads being allowed in Utah for many years. It also may have led to the , where Mormons killed some emigrants from Arkansas.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Homeless Bird is a book by Gloria Whelan, an American author, about life in India for a 13-year-old girl named Koly. Like many Indian girls her age, Koly becomes a teenage bride in an "arranged marriage." Her husband soon dies and Koly becomes a widow, living with her late husband's parents. When this situation doesn't last, Koly has to find a way to make her future.


title: Homeless Bird

text: This book won the National Book Award in 2000 in the category of Young People's Literature. It has been translated into German, Spanish, and Polish.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Koly is a 13 year-old girl who lives in Vrindavan India with her parents and two brothers. Based on Indian tradition, her family has made an arranged marriage for her. Her husband is a sickly, young boy named Hari. Once they are married, Koly must go to live with his family. But soon Koly finds out that Hari has tuberculosis and he will die very soon. Hari's parents had decided to take Hari to the Ganges River and Koly comes along too. While going to the city of the Ganges River, Hari dies. When Hari dies, Koly becomes a widow. Koly's sassur (father- in-law) is a kind man who teaches students. He teaches Koly to read and shows her a book of poems signed by the author Tagore. Koly's sass (mother-in-law) is not a nice woman. She treats Koly as just another mouth to feed.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Hari's sister Chandra is soon married. Koly is sad because Chandra was her friend and now she is leaving. Soon Koly's sassur dies and now both Koly and her sass are widows.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Sass and Koly are very poor. One day Sass gets a letter from her brother inviting them to live with him in Delhi. They make a stop in Vrindavan to pray at a temple. They take a rickshaw to the temple. Sass gives Koly money to buy lunch. Koly goes to buy the food but when she goes back to the temple her sass is not there. She looks around and cannot find her. Finally she sees the rickshaw driver. He tells her that her sass left on a train hours ago.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Koly cries because her sass has left her. The rickshaw driver says to go to the temple and pray so the monks will give her food. Koly is very unhappy and scared. She sees the rickshaw driver again and he offers to bring her to a house for widows. At the home Koly meets a nice widow named Tanu. Together they find jobs making marigold garlands and beaded bracelets. However, Koly's talent is embroidery. She finally gets a job embroidering. Her new boss' name is Mr. Das.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Koly also teaches the rickshaw driver, Raji, how to read. Raji owns a farm and drives rickshaws for money. They talk and become friends. However he leaves to fix his farm.


title: Homeless Bird

text: At her new job, Koly makes friends with a girl named Mala. Mala is good at embroidery but very outspoken. Mala also steals expensive cloth and thread from Mr. Das. This later causes Mala to lose her job.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Raji comes back and tells Koly that he is fixing up his farm and building a home. He wants Koly to come to his farm with him. She is confused until Raji says he wants her as his wife. Koly is surprised that Raji wants to marry her because she is a widow, and in her society it is shameful to be a widow. However Raji wants to marry Koly because he does not care about appearance and only wants someone he can talk to. Koly is still unsure but agrees to think about it.


title: Homeless Bird

text: Tanu and Koly finally have enough money to buy a room for more widows to live in. Koly decorates the room with embroidered quilts.


title: Homeless Bird

text: In the summer Raji writes that he has built a room for her work on her embroidery. Koly is happy and agrees to marry him. She works on a wedding quilt and says they will marry when she is done embroidering it. She keeps her job, and agrees to take her work to Mr. Das every couple of weeks.


title: Western gorilla

text: The western gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla") is a great ape, closely related to both chimpanzees, orangutans and humans. They are the type species as well as the most populous species of the genus "Gorilla". Nearly all of the individuals of this taxon belong to the western lowland gorilla subspecies. The other subspecies are the Cross River gorilla.


title: Western gorilla

text: Western gorillas are generally lighter colored than eastern gorillas. Western lowland gorillas have black, dark grey or dark brown-grey hair with a brownish forehead. Measurements of wild individuals show that mature males average in height.


title: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs is a city in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is 200 km south of the centre of mainland Australia. It is about halfway between Darwin in the north and Adelaide in the south.


title: Alice Springs

text: In 2005 there were 26,486 people living in Alice Springs. This makes it the second largest town in the Northern Territory.


title: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs is often called "the Alice" or simply "Alice.” It is called "Mparntwe" by the Arrernte. The Arrernte people are the Aboriginal people who have lived around Alice Springs for more than 50,000 years.


title: Alice Springs

text: According to the Arrernte traditional stories, the land around Alice Springs was shaped by caterpillars, wild dogs, travelling boys, two sisters, euros and other ancestral figures. There are many sites of traditional importance in and around Alice Springs. These include Anthwerrke (Emily Gap), Akeyulerre (Billy Goat Hill), Ntaripe (Heavitree Gap), Atnelkentyarliweke (Anzac Hill) and Alhekulyele (Mt. Gillen).


title: Alice Springs

text: In 1862, John McDouall Stuart led an expedition into Central Australia and the area where Alice Springs is located. Until the 1930s the town was known as Stuart. The Australian Overland Telegraph Line that joined Adelaide to Darwin and Great Britain was completed in 1872. It followed Stuart’s route. It opened up the interior for permanent European settlement. When surface alluvial gold was found at Arltunga, 100 km east of Alice Springs, in 1887 many people began to move into the area.


title: Alice Springs

text: The telegraph station was built near a waterhole in the normally dry Todd River. It was thought to be a permanent source of water, and was named Alice Springs. Alice was the wife of the former Postmaster General of South Australia, Sir Charles Todd. The Todd River was named after Sir Charles.


title: Alice Springs

text: The original method of travel in the outback were camels. These camel trains were run by people from Pathan tribes in the North-West frontier of India and Pakistan. They were wrongly called ‘Afghans’ in Australia.


title: Alice Springs

text: In 1929 the Palmerston and Pine Creek Railway was built from Darwin as far as Birdum, Northern Territory. The Great Northern Railway had been built in 1891 from Port Augusta as far as Oodnadatta, South Australia. The lines wouldn’t meet until 2003. On February 4, 2004, the first passenger train arrived in Darwin.


title: Alice Springs

text: During the 1960s Alice Springs became an important defence base. About 700 people work at the US/Australian Pine Gap joint defence satellite monitoring base.


title: Alice Springs

text: The town of Alice Springs built on the banks of the usually dry Todd River. It is on the northern side of MacDonnell Ranges. The region where Alice Springs is located is known as Central Australia, or the Red Centre. It is a very dry region, made up of several different deserts.


title: Alice Springs

text: Temperatures can vary by up to 28 °C. In summer the average highest temperature is in the high 30s. In winter the average lowest temperature can be -7.5 °C.


title: Alice Springs

text: The rainfall can vary quite a lot from year to year. The annual average rainfall is 286 mm. In 2001 741 mm fell, but in 2002 only 198 mm fell.


title: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs began as a town to supply the cattle farms that first came to the area. The arrival of the railway increased its economy and productivity. Today the town supplies a region of 546,046 square kilometres. There are 38,749 people living in the region. The region includes a number of mining and farm communities, the Joint Defence Facility at Pine Gap and tourist attractions.


title: Alice Springs

text: In June 2004, 38,749 people lived in the region. There were 26,058 people living in the city of Alice Springs. Aboriginal people made up about 37% of people in the Alice Springs region in 2001.


title: Alice Springs

text: According to the 2001 census, Australian Aborigines are about 17% of the people in Alice Springs, and 29% of the people in the Northern Territory. Alice Springs is the business centre of Central Australia. Aboriginal people come from all over the region to use the town's services. Aboriginal residents usually live in the suburbs, on special purpose leases (or town camps). Some live farther out at Amoonguna to the south. Many live on the small family outstation communities on Aboriginal Lands in surrounding areas.


title: Alice Springs

text: The traditional owners of the Alice Springs area are the Central Arrernte people. As it is the largest town in central Australia, there are also speakers of at least thirteen other languages.


title: Alice Springs

text: The American influence in Alice Springs comes from Pine Gap, a US satellite tracking station. It is 19 km south-west of Alice Springs. Pine Gap employs 700 American and Australians. There are about 2,000 people in the Alice Springs region who are US citizens.


title: Alice Springs

text: American influence can be seen throughout Alice Springs. The Americans still celebrate all major festivals, including Halloween, Independence Day and Thanksgiving. A number of Australians also join in the festivities from time to time. There is also American sport, including baseball, basketball, and American football.


title: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs has 19 public and private schools and colleges. This includes 2 for aboriginal students, 7 pre-schools and the Alice Springs School of the Air. The School of the Air provides education to students in remote areas. The Alice Springs Campus of Charles Darwin University offers courses in TAFE and Higher Education. The Centre for Appropriate Technology was established in 1980. It has a range of services to encourage and help Aboriginal people improve their quality of life on remote communities.


title: Alice Springs

text: Australian Rules Football is a popular sport in Alice Springs. The Central Australian Football League has several teams and many people play. The sport is very popular in Indigenous communities. The local stadium, Traeger Park, can hold 10,000 people. It was built to hold national AFL and international cricket matches. In 2004, an AFL pre-season Regional Challenge match between Collingwood Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club filled the stadium.


title: Alice Springs

text: Cricket is also a popular sport in Alice Springs. The Imparja Cup Cricket Carnival started in 1994. Teams from Indigenous communities come from all across Australia. A unique sporting event, held every year, is the Henley-on-Todd Regatta. This is also known as the Todd River Race. It is a sand river race with bottomless boats. It is the only dry river regatta in the world. Another unusual sporting event is the Camel Cup. This is also held every year at the local racetrack, Blatherskite Park. It is a full day event with races using camels instead of horses.


title: Britt Herbots

text: Britt Herbots (born 24 September 1999) is a Belgian volleyball player. She was a member of the Belgium women's national volleyball team.


title: Britt Herbots

text: She played at the 2015 Girls' Youth European Volleyball Championship, 2015 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship, 2016 Montreux Volley Masters, 2016 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, 2017 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League, 2017–18 CEV Women's Champions League, 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League, and 2019 Women's European Volleyball Championship.


William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, KG, PC (bapt. 1 June 1720 - 2 October 1764) was a British Whig statesman who was Prime Minister of Great Britain for a short period of time.


title: Austin Butler

text: Austin Butler (born August 17, 1991) is an American actor. His early roles were as "Jake Krandle" in the TV series "iCarly" and as "James Garrett" in "Zoey 101". He became well known in 2022 for playing Elvis Presley in "Elvis".


title: Austin Butler

text: Butler was in a relationship with actress Vanessa Hudgens from 2011 to 2020. He is currently dating model Kaia Gerber since late 2021.


title: Austin Butler

text: His first acting job was in a supporting role in the TV Series "Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide". His older sister also plays in that TV series. From 2007 to 2008 he played in the 4th season of "Zoey 101" as James Garrett. Other television appearance were "Hannah Montana", "iCarly", "Jonas L.A.", "Zeke and Luther" and "Wizards of Waverly Place". In 2009, he was in the TV series "Ruby & the Rockits" as Jordan Gallagher. This series was unsuccessful and ended after 10 episodes.


title: Austin Butler

text: Later, he played with Ashley Tisdale in the film "Aliens in the Attic" and in "Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure". Since 2011, he has been in the ABC-Family-Series "Switched at Birth".


title: Austin Butler

text: In July 2019, he appeared in the Quentin Tarantino movie "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood" as a fictional version of Manson Family member Tex Watson. That same month, Butler was cast as Elvis Presley in "Elvis", a biographical movie about the singer directed by Baz Luhrmann.


title: Downtown

text: Downtown (called a city centre in British English) is a word used in North America which refers to the main part of a city. It is usually the central business district where most commercial and office areas are; many of them being in skyscrapers. Tourism also concentrates there.


title: Fauvism

text: Fauvism (French for "The Wild Beasts") was the name of a modern art movement in the early 20th century, led by the painters Henri Matisse and André Derain. The Fauves were a group of French painters who were influenced by the bright colours used by the Post-Impressionists Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin.


title: Fauvism

text: The bright colourful style of painting that they used began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, but the group was only together for three years, 1905–1907. In that time they had three exhibitions together. Their influence has continued until the present day, and was adopted or influenced many artists who are not usually thought of as fauvists. Aristarkh Lentulov is one good example.


title: The Prince

text: The Prince is a book written by Niccolò Machiavelli, who lived in the city of Florence in the country of Italy. The book was published in 1513.


title: The Prince

text: The book talks about politics and government. During his life, Machiavelli saw many changes in the government of Florence. He thought a lot about what a king or prince should do to make a strong government. In the book, he said the ruler had to get a lot of power.


title: The Prince

text: One of the things he said that made people worried, was that ethics and politics are different. A person might have to do things that are "wrong" to get power. This thought made his works scandalous.


title: The Prince

text: Some people think that Machiavelli was being honest with his advice and saying what he really thought. Other people think that Machiavelli was playing a joke on princes who wanted too much power and did not care about what was right.


title: Marco Pantani

text: Marco Pantani (13 January 1970 – 14 February 2004) was an Italian professional cyclist. He was born in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna. He was very good at climbing mountains in races. In 1998 he won both the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia. He was a popular cyclist, and his Italian fans gave him the nickname 'Il Pirata' (the pirate) because of his appearance (he often wore a bandana) and because of his aggressive riding style. He failed a test in the 1999 Giro d'Italia. He returned to cycling, but never won a major race again. In June of 2003 he went into hospital with depression. He died of a cocaine overdose in 2004 in Rimini, Emilia-Romagna. His last entry in his diary read:


title: Channel 4

text: Channel 4 is a television channel that broadcasts to the United Kingdom. It started on 2 November 1982. On 10 December 2010 Channel 4 started a High Definition version of their channel on Sky+ HD.


title: White Americans

text: In 2010, 70% of the people living in the United States identified as being white or White Hispanics. Non-Hispanic whites accounted for about 60% of the U.S. population.


title: White Americans

text: The White American population includes European Americans and non-European people such as Arabs, North Africans, Jews, Persians, other Middle Eastern people and Hispanic groups such as Mexicans and Cubans.


title: White Americans

text: The white population in the United States has been declining. White deaths have exceed white births in most states.


title: Sony Yay

text: Sony YAY! is an Indian pay television channel aimed at children. It is operated by Sony Pictures Networks. The channel replaced Animax in 2017.


title: Sony Yay

text: The channel was launched on 18 April 2017 replacing Animax. Following the rebrand, Sony Pictures Networks announced their plans to migrate all anime programming featured in Animax as paid content to its digital platform Sony LIV. In addition, the company has also stated Animax Asia was launched as a live, HD channel via streaming on that same platform.


title: Galba

text: Servius Sulpicius Galba (; ; 24 December 3 BC – 15 January 69 AD) was a Roman Emperor for seven months from AD 68 to 69. Galba was an governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, which was the province near the Pyrenees. He was the first emperor of Year of the Four Emperors.


title: Galba

text: He was born near Terracina, "On the left as you travel towards Fundi" in the words of Suetonius. Galba was adopted by Livia Ocellina and took her family name until becoming emperor.


title: Looney Tunes

text: Looney Tunes is an animated cartoon series produced by Warner Bros. It was Warner Bros.' first animated cartoon series, preceding the "Merrie Melodies" series. The name of the series is a variation on "Silly Symphonies", the name of Walt Disney's concurrent series of music-based cartoon shorts. From 1942 until 1969, "Looney Tunes" was the most popular series of cartoon shorts in theaters, even more popular than any Disney films.


title: Looney Tunes

text: The first "Looney Tunes" cartoon short, "Sinkin' in the Bathtub", was released in 1930. Since then, the series has become a worldwide franchise. It has been shown on television from the 1960s until the present day. When shown on television, it is changed to get rid of heavy violence, smoking, alcohol, and racist stereotypes, but those parts were put back in on home video releases, but with a warning that the cartoons were made in a different time. There have been several TV series, full-length films, comic books, music albums, video games, and amusement park rides based on these shorts.


title: Looney Tunes

text: The "Looney Tunes" originally showcased Warner-owned musical compositions through the adventures of cartoon characters such as Bosko and Buddy. Later "Looney Tunes" shorts featured characters who have gone on to become some of the most well-known and popular cartoon characters in history, such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety Bird, Marvin the Martian, the Tasmanian Devil, Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner, Foghorn Leghorn, Yosemite Sam, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, and many others. Many of the characters have made cameo appearances in television shows, films and advertisements.


title: State funeral

text: A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony which is made for people who died that were very important in their country. Usually with a state funeral, there also comes a day where everyone mourns the person who died.


title: State funeral

text: Often, state funerals are given to royal or political people such as Presidents, Prime Ministers, Dictators, Governors, Mayors, Senators, or Vice Presidents. Military people and people who are famous for other reasons sometimes have a state funeral.


title: Names of God in Judaism

text: In Judaism, God is known by many names. The most important of these names is the "Tetragrammaton", or "Four-lettered word": YHVH, YHWH, or י ה ו ה. Jews are not allowed to say this name, and instead say "Adonai". Even "Adonai" is only used by some Jews in prayer. Most Jews would refer to God as "Hashem", or "The Name". Jews are not allowed to erase the Tetragrammaton, so they rarely write it down outside of their most holy books, such as the Torah.


title: Names of God in Judaism

text: Other names include "Elohim", "El", "Shaddai", "Tzeva-ot", "‘Elyon", and "Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh" which are respectively pronounced by observant Jews as Elokim, Kayl, Shakkai, Tzeva-Kot.


title: Names of God in Judaism

text: Certain names, such as Shalom, are pronounced as written, but when written one letter, in this case the last letter, is omitted. The last of the above "other" list is often said as Ek-yeh Asher Ek-yeh.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: Santa Claus (born Thomas Patrick O'Connor; May 1947) is an American politician, monk, and child welfare activist. He is a member of the North Pole, Alaska City Council since 2015. Claus was re-elected to the council in 2019, with 100 votes. He is currently the mayor pro tem. He was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives in the 2022 special election.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: He changed his name to match the legendary character in 2005, to help bring awareness for his activism about children's health and welfare. Claus is a supporter of democratic socialism, including support for medicare-for-all, coronavirus relief, a wealth tax, and student loan cancellation.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: Claus supported Joe Biden's presidential campaign in the 2020 election after Bernie Sanders dropped out of the Democratic primary.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: Claus is a supporter of medical marijuana. He says that his views are smiliar to that of Bernie Sanders, sharing the same views as Sanders on racial justice, corporate taxes, and election freedoms.


title: Santa Claus (politician)

text: In April 2022, Claus announced his candidacy for the United States House of Representatives in the 2022 special election. He wanted to finish the rest of Congressman Don Young's term, but after having a lot of support, he said he would run for a full two year term in November 2022. Claus was among 48 candidates running in the non-partisan June primary, including former Alaskan Governor Sarah Palin. However, he lost in the June primary and did not advance to the run-off primary.


title: Moment magnitude scale

text: The moment magnitude scale is a way to measure the power of earthquakes. It is the energy of the earthquake at the moment it happens. Like the similar and older Richter scale, it is logarithmic, with a base of ten. This means that an earthquake with a magnitude of 2 is ten times stronger than an earthquake with a magnitude of 1.


title: Edi Rama

text: Edvin "Edi" Rama (born 4 July 1964) is an Albanian politician, artist and writer. He is also the Prime Minister of Albania since 2013, and the leader of the Socialist Party of Albania since 2005. He was the Minister of Culture, Youth, and Sports from 1998 to 2000 and Mayor of Tirana from 2000 to 2011.


title: Judy Sheindlin

text: Judith Susan Sheindlin (née Blum; October 21, 1942), better known as Judge Judy, is an American lawyer, judge, television personality, and author. Since 1996, Sheindlin has presided over her own successful Daytime Emmy Award winning reality courtroom series named after her, "Judge Judy".


title: Platonic solid

text: There are a lot more uses for Platonic Solids, but some of the main reasons are:the shapes are often used to make dice, because dice of these shapes can be made fair. 6-sided dice are very common, but the other numbers are commonly used in role-playing games. Such dice are commonly referred to as D followed by the number of faces (d8, d20 etc.).


title: Platonic solid

text: The tetrahedron (4 sided), cube (6 sided), and octahedron (8 sided), are found naturally in crystal structures. The dodecahedron (12 sides) is combinatorially identical to the pyritohedron (in that both have twelve pentagonal faces), which is one of the possible crystal structures of pyrite. However, the pyritohedron is not a regular dodecahedron, but rather has the same symmetry as the cube.


title: Platonic solid

text: In meteorology and climatology, global numerical models of atmospheric flow are of increasing interest which use grids that are based on an icosahedron (20 sides,refined by triangulation) instead of the more commonly used longitude/latitude grid. This has the advantage of better spatial resolution without singularities (i.e. the poles) at the expense of somewhat greater numerical difficulty.


title: Dexter's Laboratory

text: Dexter's Laboratory (commonly abbreviated as Dexter's Lab) is an American science fiction animated television series. It was created by Genndy Tartakovsky for the Cartoon Network. The series was broadcast from 1996 to 2003. It was about a red-haired boy named Dexter who had a secret laboratory filled with large number of his inventions. His inventions are normally destroyed by his older sister, Dee Dee. This causes Dexter to have to recreate his inventions. The series was followed by a Spin-off and related media. There has also been a television movie, "Dexter's Lab Movie in Ego Trip" (1999).


title: Dexter's Laboratory

text: The series was one of Cartoon Network president Betty Cohen's favorite animated programs. In an August 2002 "Billboard" interview, rapper Coolio said that he is a fan of the series. He states, "I watch a lot of cartoons because I have kids. I actually watch more cartoons than movies."


title: Dexter's Laboratory

text: The series was called "Almost Dexter's Laboratory" reboot of the 1996 series, and developed by Nico Colaleo, produced by Cartoon Network Studios and animated by Inspidea in Malaysia, planned in early 2020, during production and resolved in 2023 rewrote and foward to 2024, this parodic version of the original show as a straightfoward light-hearted nature of the original show, similar of the 2016 "The Powerpuff Girls."


title: Life skills

text: Life skills are abilities which help people to deal with the demands and challenges that they face in life.


title: Chorizo

text: Chorizo is a pork (pig-meat) sausage which people first made in the Iberian Peninsula. It is made with large pieces of fatty pork, chili pepper and paprika. The special taste of this sausage comes from the mild Spanish paprika in it.


title: Chorizo

text: In the western hemisphere, the Mexican and Caribbean types are better known. These types of chorizo are made with smaller pieces of pork and different seasonings and peppers are used.


title: Chorizo

text: Cured smoked chorizo is edible and can be eaten without cooking. Fresh chorizo must be cooked before eating. It can be eaten by its self, or as part of meal. It can also be used in place of ground beef or pork.


title: Pope Pius III

text: Pope Pius III (; 29 May 1439 – 18 October 1503), born Franchesco Todeschini and also known as Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 216th Pope from 22 September to 18 October 1503.


title: Pope Pius III

text: Francesco Todeschini was born in Siena. He was the nephew of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, who would become Pope Pius II. He was allowed by uncle to take his mother's maiden name of Piccolomini. His studies in law at the University of Perugia led to a doctorate degree.


title: Pope Pius III

text: Todeschini was named Cardinal of St. Eustachio in 1460. He was sent on diplomatic missions by Pope Paul II, Pope Sixtus IV and Pope Alexander VI.


title: Pope Pius III

text: Cardinal Piccolomini was elected pope on September 22, 1503, His choice of name honors his uncle Pius II.


title: Vitamin B12

text: Vitamin B (or vitamin B-12) is also called cobalamin. It has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.


title: Vitamin B12

text: B is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Fungi, plants and animals (including humans) cannot produce vitamin B. Only bacteria and archaea have enzymes for its synthesis, although animals can convert it to the version they need.


title: Vitamin B12

text: Many foods are a natural source of B because of bacterial symbiosis. It is produced by some of the gut flora of herbivores. Carnivores, of course, eat herbivores. Also algae and plants get it from symbiosis. So, by one route or another, animals must get vitamin B from bacteria (and archaea).


title: Vitamin B12

text: The vitamin is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin. It can be produced industrially only by bacterial fermentation-synthesis.


title: Vitamin B12

text: Vitamin B is a group of chemically related compounds, all of which have vitamin activity. It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt sitting in the center of a ring called a corrin ring. In the human body it is converted to the human physiological forms.


title: Vitamin B12

text: Vitamin B was discovered by its relationship to pernicious anemia, which is an autoimmune disease. Because an "intrinsic factor" is needed for B to be absorbed, its lack causes a vitamin B deficiency. Many other kinds of vitamin B deficiency have since been found.


title: Ashley Cole

text: Ashley Cole (born 20 December 1980) is a retired English football player who is currently the first-team coach for Everton. He is notable for playing for England 77 times.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of gamma rays from extremely energetic explosions. They have been seen in distant galaxies. They are the most luminous electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Bursts can last from milliseconds to several minutes, although a typical burst lasts a few seconds. The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived 'afterglow' emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared and radio waves).


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Most GRBs are a narrow beam of intense radiation released during a supernova, as a huge rapidly spinning star collapses to form a black hole. A subclass of GRBs (the 'short' bursts) seem to come from a different process, perhaps the merger of binary neutron stars.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: The sources of most GRBs are billions of light years away from Earth. This suggests the explosions are extremely energetic: a typical burst releases as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun will in its entire 10 billion year lifetime. They are very rare (a few per galaxy per million years).


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: All observed GRBs have come from outside the Milky Way galaxy. Similar phenomena, soft gamma repeater flares, are associated with magnetars within the Milky Way. It has been suggested that a gamma-ray burst in the Milky Way could cause a mass extinction on Earth. No such case is known.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Gamma-ray bursts were first observed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Vela satellites, which were built to detect gamma radiation pulses emitted by nuclear weapons tested in space.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: On July 2, 1967, at 14:19 UTC, the Vela 4 and Vela 3 satellites detected a flash of gamma radiation unlike any known nuclear weapons signature. Uncertain what had happened but not considering the matter particularly urgent, the team at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory filed the data away for investigation.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: By analyzing the different arrival times of the bursts as detected by different satellites, the team was able to determine rough estimates for the sky positions of sixteen bursts and definitively rule out a terrestrial or solar origin. The discovery was published in 1973.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Most observed events last longer than two seconds and are classified as long gamma-ray bursts. They have been studied in much greater detail than their short counterparts. Almost every well-studied long gamma-ray burst has been associated with a rapidly star-forming galaxy and in many cases a core-collapse supernova as well. This links long GRBs with the deaths of massive stars. Long GRB afterglow observations at high redshift (great distances) also suggest GRBs originate in star-forming regions. This is because observing distant galaxies is to look back in time to galaxies at an earlier stage.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Gamma-ray bursts are thought to be highly focused explosions, with most of the explosion energy in a narrow relativistic jet travelling at speeds over 99.995% of the speed of light.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: The approximate angular width of the jet (that is, the degree of beaming) can be estimated directly by observing "jet breaks" in afterglow light curves: a time after which the slowly-decaying afterglow begins to fade suddenly, as the jet slows down and can no longer beam its radiation so effectively. Observations suggest significant variation in the jet angle from between 2 and 20 degrees.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: Because their energy is strongly beamed (very narrow), the gamma rays emitted by most bursts miss the Earth and are never detected. When a gamma-ray burst is pointed towards Earth, the focusing of its energy along a relatively narrow beam causes the burst to appear much brighter than it would have been were its energy emitted spherically. When this effect is taken into account, typical gamma-ray bursts are observed to have a true energy release of about 10 J, or about 1/2000 of a Solar mass energy equivalent.


title: Gamma-ray burst

text: This is comparable to the energy released in a bright type Ib/c supernova (sometimes called a 'hypernova'). Very bright supernovae have been seen at the position of some of the nearest GRBs.


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: A Monte Carlo algorithm is an algorithm for computers which is used to simulate the behaviour of other systems. It is not an exact method, but a heuristical one, typically using randomness and statistics to get a result. The algorithm terminates with an answer that is correct with probability formula_1.


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: It is a computation process that uses random numbers to produce an outcome(s). Instead of having fixed inputs, probability distributions are assigned to some or all of the inputs. This will generate a probability distribution for the output after the simulation is run.


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: For example, a Monte Carlo algorithm can be used to estimate the value of π. The amount of area within a quarter-circle of radius 1 depends on the value of π. The probability that a randomly-chosen point will lie in that quarter-circle depends on the area of the circle. If points are placed randomly in a square with sides of length 1, the percentage of points that fall within a quarter-circle of radius 1 will depend on the value of π. A Monte Carlo algorithm would randomly place points in the square and use the percentage of points falling inside of the circle to estimate the value of π.This is an effective way for making approximations.


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: In modern communication systems, the quality of information exchange is determined by the presence of noise in the channel. The major source of noise - Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) being random in nature can be characterized using the Monte Carlo algorithm in simulating a Communications System


title: Monte Carlo algorithm

text: The modern version of the Markov chain Monte Carlo method was invented in the late 1940s by Stanislaw Ulam, while he was working on nuclear weapons projects at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.


title: Range Rover

text: The Range Rover is an SUV based on the British Land Rover. It is assembled in Solihull, Birmingham at the Land Rover plant. Some versions are assembled in Liverpool. The company is now part of Tata's Jaguar Land Rover group.


title: Range Rover

text: The Range Rover's primary market was for general countryside use, especially farmers who needed a four-wheel drive off-road vehicle to get round their estate. The original Land Rover or Jeep was a rugged open vehicle which could take plenty of hard use, and could be washed down with a hose. It was quite unsuitable for family use. The Range Rover, on the other hand, is very suitable for family use (in this way similar to other SUVs). It is often used as a normal road car for larger families and for carrying equipment. Engine capacity for Range Rovers starts at 3 litres V6 engine, and rises to 5 litres V8 engine.


title: Range Rover

text: Versions of the Range Rover are sold in other countries under names such as Range Rover Sport, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Velar and Range Rover Evoque. These versions, marketed especially in the US, have a more streamlined shape. The Evoque is designed to appeal to urban buyers. All these new versions are being adapted meet modern requirements for lower CO emissions and fuel economy. These version are regarded, in US terms, as "compact SUVs".


title: Semitone

text: (British English) (also called a half step or a half tone) is the smallest musical interval used in Western music. It is the distance between two notes which are next to one another in pitch.


title: Semitone

text: A whole tone means a distance of two semitones, i.e. the distance between two notes which are separated by one other note in pitch.


title: Semitone

text: This is easy to see with a picture of a keyboard. The distance between two white notes that are side by side may be a whole tone (if there is a black note in between them) or a semitone (if there is no black note between).


title: Semitone

text: Musical intervals are defined by a ratio of frequencies. An octave is a ratio of 2:1, so from 100 Hz to 200 Hz, and from 200 Hz to 400 Hz, are both octaves. A semitone is a ratio of the 12th root of 2 to 1, which is equal to 1.05946:1, so 1000 Hz and 1059.46 Hz are a semitone apart. A musical interval sounds better if the two notes have a small integer ratio. For this reason, it can be approximated by a ratio of 16:15 in just intonation.


title: Soan River

text: The Soan River () is a river in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the most important stream of the Pothohar region. It drains much of the water of Pothohar. It also forms the northern border of Bannu District.


title: Soan River

text: The river starts near a small village Bun in the foothills of Patriata and Murree. It provides water to Simblee Dam, which is reservoir of water for Islamabad. Near Pharwala Fort it cuts through a high mountain range and that is a wonderful phenomenon of nature. The place is called Swan Cut. No stream can cut such a high mountain. It proves the Swaan was there before the formation of this range. And when the mountain rose through millions of years, the stream continued its path by cutting the rising mountain. Ling stream, following a relatively long course though Lehtrar and Kahuta falls in the Swaan near Sihala.


title: Soan River

text: Islamabad Highway crosses this stream near Sihala where famous bridge Cock Pull is constructed over it. Another famous, Lai stream joins this stream near Swaan Camp. After walking a tortuous path and creating a big curve, the stream reaches Kalabagh where it falls into the Indus river. This relatively small stream is more than 250 kilometers long. Due to its mountainous course and shallow bed, it is hardly used for irrigation purposes. For grinding wheat, you can find ancient types of flour mills near Chakian. Fishing is not possible in this stream as a profession. Rohu is the main species of fish in this stream. Kingfisher birds hunt here too.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: The Wilmington insurrection of 1898, also known as the Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington coup of 1898, happened in Wilmington, North Carolina, on Thursday, November 10, 1898.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: It is seen as a turning point in post-Reconstruction North Carolina politics. It caused more intense racial segregation of African Americans throughout the South. It made it harder for African-Americans to vote.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: The event was caused after many white supremacists took over the Wilmington city government which was controlled by both white and black men and killed the black alderman. After the event, no black politician was in charge in Wilmington.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: It has been called a race riot caused by blacks by white newspapers at the time. However, over time, with more facts publicized, the event has come to be seen as a "coup d'état", the violent overthrow of a duly elected government, by a group of white supremacists. It is seen as the only coup in American history.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

text: The "coup" happens with 2,000 white men. They destroyed the property and businesses of black citizens built up since the Civil War, including the only black newspaper in the city, and killed about 60 to more than 300 people.


title: Frankfort, Kentucky

text: Frankfort is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kentucky. It has been the state capital since December 8, 1792. It is the county seat of Franklin County, and has been since 1795. It's located between Lexington and Louisville Kentucky.


title: Frankfort, Kentucky

text: Frankfort is beside the Kentucky River. This is how the city earned its name, because the land was owned by pioneer Stephen Frank. First called "Frank's Ford", the name was soon shortened to Frankfort.


title: Frankfort, Kentucky

text: Within a century the population of Frankfort grew from 9,487 in 1900, to 27,741 in 2000. The members of the city commission and the mayor are elected by the citizens.


title: Stendhal

text: Henri-Marie Beyle (23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842) is better known by his pen name Stendhal. He was a 19th century French writer. He is known for his precise analysis of his characters' psychology. His two most famous novels are "Le Rouge et le Noir" ("The Red and the Black", 1830) and "La Chartreuse de Parme" ("The Charterhouse of Parma", 1839).


title: Poultry

text: Poultry are a from of domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, and turkeys). The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word "poule", itself derived from the Latin word "pullus", which means small animal.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: Vladimir Kramnik, born 25 June 1975, is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and undisputed World Chess Champion from 2006 to 2007.


title: Nick Nolte

text: Nicholas King Nolte (born February 8, 1941) is an American actor. He has acted in many movies, including the dramas "I'll Do Anything" and "Blue Chips". Nolte has won a Golden Globe Award.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: In October 2000, he defeated Garry Kasparov in a match played in London, and became the Classical World Chess Champion. In late 2004, Kramnik successfully defended his title against challenger Peter Leko in a drawn match played in Brissago, Switzerland.


title: Nick Nolte

text: Nolte was born in Omaha, Nebraska on February 8, 1941. Nolte was educated at the University of Arizona. Nolte was married three times; first to Sheila Page from 1966 until they divorced in 1970. Second he married Sharyn Haddad from 1978 until they divorced in 1983. Lastly he married Rebecca Linger from 1984 until they divorced in 1994.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: In October 2006, Kramnik, the Classical World Champion, defeated reigning FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov in a unification match. As a result, Kramnik became the first undisputed World Champion, since Garry Kasparov split from FIDE in 1993.


title: Nick Nolte

text: He was partners with; Karen Louise Ecklund from 1970 until they separated in 1977. Then he was partners with Vicki Lewis from 1994 until they separated in 2003. He is currently partners with Clytie Lane since 2003. With Linger Nolte has a son Brawley Nolte, and with Lane he has a daughter Sophie Lan Nolte.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: In 2007, Kramnik lost the title to Viswanathan Anand, who won the World Chess Championship tournament (not a classical match between the two players) ahead of Kramnik. He played Anand at the World Chess Championship match 2008, but lost.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: Kramnik has been diagnosed with an uncommon form of arthritis, called ankylosing spondylitis. It causes him great physical discomfort while playing. In January 2006, Kramnik announced that he would skip the Corus Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee to seek out treatment for his arthritis. He returned from treatment in June 2006, playing in the 37th Chess Olympiad. He scored a +4 result, earning the highest performance rating (2847) of the 1307 participating players.


title: Vladimir Kramnik

text: On 30 December 2006 he married French journalist Marie-Laure Germon. He has a daughter named Daria who was born 28 December 2008.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The 2008 Sichuan earthquake () was a big earthquake in China on May 12, 2008. Thousands of people were killed, thousands more people were missing and thousands were hurt. Millions of people were left homeless after their houses fell down. The earthquake could be felt 58 of kilometres away.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The earthquake happened at 2:d, at a depth of . The earthquake was felt in Beijing away and in Shanghai away. Tall office buildings in those cities shook with the tremor. The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: It is believed that 69,227 people died, 374,643 people were hurt, and 17,923 people listed as missing. (September 2008 numbers) The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest and strongest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: 52 big aftershocks, ranging in size from 4.4 to 6.0, were recorded within 72 hours of the main tremor.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Scientists worked out that the earth moved up to along the Longmen Shan Fault. This fault is about long and deep. The earthquake made the ground on the surface move more than . Japanese seismologist, Yuji Yagi, said that the earthquake took place in two parts. The fault tore in two sections, the first one moving about . In the second part of the quake the fault moved another .


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The earthquake lasted about two minutes. It was powerful because it did not happen very deep under the ground. Many people were killed because there were so many people living above the epicenter. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the shock waves traveled a long way. The waves did not lose their power because of the hardness of the ground in central China.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The quake happened because a part of the earth's surface, called the "Indian plate", is slowly moving north. It is moving about every year. It crashes into the "Eurasian plate". This has pushed up the ground and made the Himalaya mountains. Some of the earth's crust gets pushed into Sichuan and southern China. This pushing has caused many earthquakes in China. The epicentre was in the mountains on the eastern edge of the Qing-Tibet Plateau. This is on the north west edge of the Sichuan Basin. The earthquake was caused by movement on a north east fault. This is the Longmen Shan fault, that runs along the edge of the basin.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Office buildings in Shanghai, including the Jin Mao Tower and the Hong Kong New World Tower, were evacuated (all the people were made to leave). Emergency services in Chengdu could not answer all the phone calls . Workers at a Ford plant in Sichuan were evacuated for about 10 minutes. The Chengdu airport was shut down. One SilkAir flight was sent to land in nearby Kunming instead. Cathay Pacific flights from Hong Kong to London were stopped. Chengdu airport reopened as the airport was used for relief operations.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks in walls of some buildings. In Beijing many office buildings were evacuated. This included the building with the media offices for the 2008 Summer Olympics. None of the Olympic venues were damaged. A train with 13 petrol tanks came of the railway tracks in Huixian County, Gansu Province, and caught on fire. The earthquake had twisted the rails.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others across Sichuan province, were damaged. This slowed down arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan county, 80% of the buildings collapsed. In Shifang, 2 chemical factories were damaged and leaked 80 tons of liquid ammonia. The Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a UNESCO World Heritage Site was damaged. This is an ancient water system which is still in use. The famous Fish Mouth was cracked.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange stopped trading in companies based in south west China. The price of copper rose because production stopped. Oil prices dropped because people thought China would not need as much oil.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province. China Mobile had lost more than 2,300 base stations due to lack of power and too many phone calls. China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and nearby areas were cut off, with more than 700 phone towers out of action.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The Zipingpu hydro power station, east of the epicenter, was destroyed. The dam wall cracked, and the buildings collapsed. The Tulong dam was in danger of bursting. About 2,000 troops were sent to Zipingpu, to try and release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, were damaged by the quake.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: By May 18, 2008, 21 new lakes had formed in the Sichuan. This was because the earthquake blocked rivers. Villages had to be evacuated because of the flooding.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The Chinese government said the quake killed 69,181 people, including 68,636 in Sichuan province. There are 18,498 people listed as missing; 374,171 people were injured. This includes 158 workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to fix roads.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: One rescue team found only 2,300 people still alive in Yingxiu. Before the quake there had been about 9,000 people there. In Beichuan county, 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed, 10,000 injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. Eight schools fell down in Dujiangyan.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: A 56-year-old Taiwanese tourist was killed in Dujiangyan. He was trying to rescue 11 tourists trapped on the Lingyanshan Ropeway. Because of the earthquake, they had been trapped inside the cable cars.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School. Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Because of China's one-child policy, many families lost their only child. Officials in Sichuan province have removed the limit of one child for families whose only child was killed or badly injured. So-called "illegal children" under 18 years of age may be made a legal replacement for their dead brother or sister. This may be too late for some, as many of the parents are too old or unable to have children again.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: On May 29, 2008, officials began looking at the ruins of thousands of schools that collapsed. They were searching for clues about why they fell down. Thousands of parents have said the government and builders did not build schools properly. Many other nearby buildings were not damaged. Parents of children killed in the schools say they have yet to receive any reports. Local officials told them not to protest but the parents demonstrated and demanded an investigation. The government censors have stopped stories of badly built schools from being published in the media. There has been an incident where police drove away the protestors.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was arrested on June 25, 2008. He had been spreading "rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan Earthquake. Liu had gone to the Shifang (什邡) area, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online. He had also said he was angry at “the shoddy tofu buildings” in a media interview. He has been ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor (劳动教养) (RTL). Because of complaints from the other countries, Liu has been released to serve his RTL sentence outside of the labor camp.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Safety checks are to be carried out at schools across China. The National Development and Reform Commission are making new laws to improve building standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Insurance companies have put their losses at US$1 billion from the earthquake. The total cost of damage could be more than US$20 billion. Chengdu, a city of 4.5 million people, had a value of about US$115 billion. Only a small part was insured.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The damage to buildings in the earthquake was because of Chinese building designs. China did not have earthquake building rules until after the big Tangshan earthquake in 1976. Older buildings, built before 1976, were not designed to stay up in an earthquake. News reports showed that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Chinese Communist Party's general secretary Hu Jintao said that help and assistance would be quick. Premier Wen Jiabao, immediately flew to the earthquake area to plan the rescue work.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The China's Health Ministry sent 10 emergency medical teams. The Chengdu Military Area Command sent 50,000 troops and police to help in Wenchuan County. A relief team of 184 people left Beijing:


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Many rescue teams, including the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, said they were ready to help. It was difficult to move people into the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter. It was not possible to reach the area because roads were damaged and blocked by landslides. People needed tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food. .


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The small village of Sier could only be reached by walking. Landslides were a danger to a search and rescue group of 80 men. Each man carried about of relief supplies. The village is above sea level. The extreme mountain conditions meant they could not use helicopters. Over 300 Tibetan villagers were stranded in the ruined village without food and water. Commander Yang Wenyao's rescue group arrived after walking for 5 days, and helped the injured and stranded villagers down the mountain


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Heavy rain and landslides made rescue efforts difficult. 20 helicopters were used on the first day to deliver food, water, emergency aid and carry injured people. The next day, 15,600 troops from the Chengdu Military Region joined the rescue force. Within 2 days telephones in the major town of Wenchuan were being fixed. 100 soldiers, along with relief supplies, parachuted into inaccessible Maoxian County, northeast of Wenchuan.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Three days after the quake, China's Premiere Wen Jiabao ordered another 90 helicopters. A total of 150 aircraft were used in relief work. This is China's largest ever non-combat airlifting operation.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: After the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over China. People gave money at schools, banks, and gas stations. People also donated blood, resulting in long line-ups in most major Chinese cities.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake. The Tzu Chi Foundation arrived from Taiwan on May 13. This was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort. 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan arrived in Chengdu by May 15.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised China's rescue effort as "swift and very efficient". He said the size of the disaster was so big that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs". The "Economist" said that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness". This was different to Myanmar's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which struck the country 10 days before the earthquake.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort. The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with the Chinese government. The US sent two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which included tents and generators.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The Internet has been used for passing information to help rescue and recovery in China. For example, the official Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the problems in disaster recovery. When rescue helicopters had trouble landing near the epicenter in Wenchuan, a student proposed a new landing spot online. Volunteers have also set up several websites to help store contact information for victims.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: The State Council declared 3 days of national mourning (sadness) for the quake victims starting on May 19, 2008. The Chinese National Flag was raised to half-mast. It is the first time China had national mourning days for something other than the death of a state leader. Many people say it the biggest display of mourning since the death of Mao At 14:28 CST on May 19, 2008, one week after the earthquake, the Chinese public held a moment of silence. People stood silent for 3 minutes. Air defense, police and fire sirens, and the horns of vehicles, vessels and trains sounded. Cars on Beijing's roads stopped. After the silence, in Tiananmen Square, crowds began calling out "Long Live China".


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Chinese websites changed their front pages to black and white. Sina.com and Sohu, changed their homepage to news items only, and removed all advertisements. Chinese video sharing websites, youku and Tudou, had a black background and only showed videos about the earthquake. Other entertainment websites, including gaming sites, were blacked out. Other websites had links to earthquake donations.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: Chinese TV stations made their logo in gray. They showed non-stop earthquake footage from CCTV-1. Even pay television channels, such as Channel V China, also showed earthquake footage. Some TV stations stopped showing commercials.


title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake

text: On May 18, CCTV-1 had a special 4 hour TV show called "The Giving of Love" (爱的奉献). Many famous people from China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan were on the show. People watching gave about 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan ($US 208 million) for the victims. The entertainers sang "Tomorrow Will be Better", followed by Faye Wong singing "Wishing We Last Forever".


title: Steve Nash

text: Steve Nash, OC, OBC (born February 7, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional basketball player. He was an eight-time NBA All-Star and won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award twice. He played with the Dallas Mavericks alongside Dirk Nowitzki, the Phoenix Suns where he was a star player, and last played for the Los Angeles Lakers. Although he was born in South Africa, he considers himself Canadian; he moved to Canada with his family when he was 18 months old. His family first lived in Regina, Saskatchewan and then in Vancouver before settling in Victoria, British Columbia, where he grew up. His family left South Africa when he was young because of apartheid in South Africa. Nash has won two NBA MVP awards, in 2005 and 2006, but has never won an NBA title. He was one of the people who lit the Olympic Torch at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Nash is regarded as one of the best passers of all time, as well as one of the best pure shooters in basketball history, as highlighted by being a four-time member of the 50-40-90 club.


title: Steve Nash

text: He has a variety off different families stretching all around the world in locations such as, South Africa, Canada, Denmark and England


title: Steve Nash

text: He often refers to his rough up bringing, while his mother was in rehab. Being passed from relative to relative, a couple off the people he credit to helping in his successful basketball career are John Nash (his father), Jean Nash (his mother), Jean Farrow (his mother’s cousin) and Lola nash (his aunty)


title: Steve Nash

text: He is currently the 4th top assists leader in the history of the NBA, only behind John Stockton, Jason Kidd and Mark Jackson. Nash is a co-owner of the Vancouver Whitecaps FC professional soccer team and also owns Steve Nash Sports Club, a fitness club.


title: Steve Nash

text: On March 21, 2015, Nash announced that he was retiring from professional basketball after a 19-year NBA career.


title: French toast

text: Milk, sugar or cinnamon are commonly added. The dish is often topped with powdered sugar, butter, fruit, syrup, or other items. According to what is popular in local cuisine, many of the spices that are added to bread or egg dishes are in cooking.


title: French toast

text: In the United Kingdom, it is sometimes known as "Eggy Bread". It is a Christmas time dessert in Portugal and Brazil called rabanada. And is an Easter dessert in Spain called torrijas.


title: Sleipnir

text: In Norse mythology, Sleipnir (Old Norse: "slippy" or "the slipper") is the eight-legged horse who serves as Odin's trusted steed. He is the son of Svaðilfari and the god/jötunn Loki, the latter of whom is actually his mother, having given birth to Sleipnir in the form of a mare. Sleipnir is described as the best and fastest of all horses.


title: Bill of Rights 1689

text: The Bill of Rights (a short title) is an act of the Parliament of England. Its full name is The Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown. It is often called the English Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament in December 1689. It provides many of the rights requested in the Petition of Right in February after the overthrow of James II of England in the Glorious Revolution, and is still in effect today.


title: Karan Johar

text: Karan Kumar Johar (born Rahul Kumar Johar, 25 May 1972), is an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, costume designer, actor and television personality who works in Hindi films.


title: Karan Johar

text: He is the son of producer Yash Johar, he made his directorial debut with the romantic comedy-drama "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai" (1998). The film starred Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, and Rani Mukherji. The film was a blockbuster and earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Director and the Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay. His next films, the group family melodrama "Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham" (2001) and the ensemble musical romantic drama "Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna" (2006), all starring Shah Rukh Khan, were both very successful in the national and global market. His social drama "My Name Is Khan" (2010) earned him his second Filmfare Award for Best Director. The 2018 spy thriller "Raazi" won him Filmfare Award for Best Film. These, along with the several successful films he has produced under the Dharma Productions banner, have considered him as one of the leading director-producers in Hindi cinema.


title: Karan Johar

text: Johar has also volunteered successfully into other approaches to the entertainment industry. He hosts a television talk show, "Koffee with Karan", a dating show "What the Love!" and a radio show "Calling Karan", and appeared as a judge on competition reality shows "Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa", "India's Got Talent", "India's Next Superstars". Those shows have become very popular.


title: Vermiculite

text: Vermiculite is a phyllosilicate mineral that is dug out of the ground in China, South Africa, Russia and Brazil. When it is dug from the ground it is a hard rock. Vermiculite gets bigger when it is heated and changes into a material that looks like worms. This was first done in the United States of America in the year 1824.


title: Vermiculite

text: When Vermiculite has changed into small grains it is a very good material for insulation and is used to stop the escape of heat in things like ovens, furnaces and houses in cold countries. It is also very good at holding water so it is used in the soil of plants in pots and helping to grow seeds.


title: Vermiculite

text: Because the Vermiculite grains are spongy (they can be pressed flat and then they open again) but not hard they are used inside cases or boxes to protect articles from breakage when they are being transported.


title: Vermiculite

text: Because it does not burn Vermiculite is used with other materials in fillings in walls or ceilings (the roof of a room) to stop the spread of fire.


title: Vermiculite

text: Although vermiculite is not a form of asbestos, it is often contaminated with asbestos. Any vermiculite insulation found in a building should be treated as containing asbestos until confirmed otherwise by a laboratory.


title: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an agency of the United States government. It works to protect human health and the environment. The EPA does this job by writing rules and making sure that they are followed. The idea for the EPA was first thought of by President Richard Nixon. The EPA was started on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed a presidential order. The order starting the EPA was approved through discussions in the Senate and the House. The agency is led by an administrator, who is appointed by the President, and accepted by the Senate. The EPA is not a cabinet department, but the administrator is usually cabinet rank.


title: Samsung Galaxy S5

text: Samsung Galaxy S5, Galaxy S5 or just GS5 is an Android smartphone made by Samsung Electronics. The phone was released on 11 April 2014 in 150 countries as the successor to the Samsung Galaxy S4. Like the S4, the S5 is similar to the prior year's model, placing a large focus on a better build with a textured rear cover and IP67 rating for dust and water proof (up to ), a better user feel, new security items such as a fingerprint scanner and private mode, expanded health items (such as a built-in heart rate scanner), and an updated camera.


text: The EPA is headquartered in Washington D.C.. It has regional offices for 10 different regions. It has 27 laboratories. The agency does environmental testing, research, and education. The role of the EPA is to enforce and maintain national standards with different kinds of laws. The agency also works with industries


text: and all levels of government in many kinds of ways to stop polluting Earth. They also try to save energy.


text: The EPA has about 17,000 employees working full-time. They may hire more people with more contracts. More than half of the people working at the EPA are scientists, engineers, or environmental protection specialists. The other groups work in law, money, information, and public actions.


text: Each EPA regional office is responsible within its states for putting into use the Agency's programs, except those programs that have been chosen only for that state.


text: Each regional office also puts into use of programs on Native American land, except those programs for Tribal authorities.


title: American International Group

text: American International Group, Inc. (AIG) (, , ) is a major American insurance corporation based in New York City. The company's UK headquarters are in London, its Continental Europe operations are based in Paris and its Asian HQ is in Hong Kong. According to the 2008 Forbes Global 2000 list, AIG was the 18th-largest company in the world. It became part of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on April 8, 2004.


title: American International Group

text: On September 16, 2008, the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank announced its plan to lend the insurer $85 billion, U.S. dollars, in exchange for a 79.9% equity stake in the company.


title: American International Group

text: AIG announced on the same day that its board accepted the terms of the Federal Reserve Bank's loan offer.


title: Te Deum

text: The "Te Deum" is a Christian hymn. Its original text was in Latin. It is named after the first few words, "Te Deum laudamus" (We praise thee, O Lord). It was probably written around the 4th or 5th century. Most say that either Augustine of Hippo or Ambrose wrote it. Some say it was by Nicetas, bishop of Remesiana. Others have said that the hymn was taken from two (or more) earlier hymns: one to God the Father and another to God the Son. After this idea, the second hymn begins with the phrase "Tu rex gloriae, Christe". The petitions at the end of the hymn (beginning "Salvum fac populum tuum") are from verses from the book of Psalms, added to the original hymn later on.


title: Te Deum

text: Te Deum is close in theology to the Apostles' Creed. It has both a poetic view of the heavenly liturgy with a declaration of faith.


title: Te Deum

text: "God" is named from the start of the song. The hymn then names all people who praise and respect God, from the hierarchy of heavenly creatures, to Christians who are already in heaven, to the Church in all the world.


title: Te Deum

text: Te Deum then returns to its creedal formula, singing about Christ and remembering His birth, suffering, and glorification.


title: Te Deum

text: Then the hymn stops singing about praise, both the Church in general and the singer himself, and asks for mercy on past sins, protection from future sin, and the hope to be reunited with Christians in Heaven.


title: Te Deum

text: Many people have written music for the text, including Anton Bruckner, Giuseppe Verdi, Hector Berlioz, Antonín Dvořák, Joseph Haydn, Benjamin Britten, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, just naming a few. Antonio Vivaldi wrote a setting of the Te Deum (RV 622), but it is now lost. The prelude to Charpentier's setting (H.146 in Hugh Wiley Hitchcock's catalogue) is well known in Europe because it is used as the theme music for the European Broadcasting Union, most notably the Eurovision Song Contest. Sir William Walton's Coronation Te Deum was written for the coronation of HM Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. Other English Te Deums have been written, such as the ones by William Byrd, Thomas Tallis, Henry Purcell, three by George Frideric Handel (Utrecht Te Deum, Dettingen Te Deum and Queen's Te Deum) and that of Edward Elgar, his Op. 34. A version by Father Michael Keating is popular with Charismatics. Mark Hayes recently wrote his own version of Te Deum, and British composer John Rutter has composed two, one of them is just titled the traditional "Te Deum," the other "Winchester Te Deum." Igor Stravinsky set the first 12 lines of the text as part of "The Flood" in 1962.


title: Buddy Ebsen

text: Christian Rudolph "Buddy" Ebsen, Jr. (April 2, 1908 – July 6, 2003) was an American dancer, movie, voice, television, radio, and stage actor. He was known for his roles as Jed Clampett in "The Beverly Hillbillies" and as Barnaby Jones in "Barnaby Jones". Ebsen was the oldest voice guest star in television history with his voice role as Chet Elderson in "King of the Hill".


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: "Happy" is a 2013 song performed by American singer and producer Pharrell Williams. It was released as a soundtrack for the animated movie "Despicable Me 2 word"


title: Buddy Ebsen

text: Ebsen was originally cast to play the Scarecrow in "The Wizard of Oz". However, Ray Bolger, who was playing the Tin Man, convinced Ebsen to trade roles for a rehearsal. Ebsen had a very bad allergic reaction to the aluminum dust in the Tin Man's makeup. He had to go to the hospital. He was so sick that Jack Haley replaced him as the Scarecrow.


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: It was released for the album . It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and is nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. It was ranked at number one at the Ireland musical charts.


title: Buddy Ebsen

text: Ebsen was married to Ruth Cambridge from 1936 until they divorced in 1942. He was later married to Nancy Wolcott from 1944 until they divorced in 1985. Ebsen was last married to Dorothy Knott from 1985 until his death in 2003. Ebsen had 2 children with Cambridge, 5 with Wolcott, and one with Knott.


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: "Happy" was written and produced by Pharrell Williams. Williams is the lead vocalist throughout the song, while the backing vocals are performed by Rhea Dummett, Trevon Henderson, Shamika Hightower, Ashley L. Lee, Jasmine Murray and Terrence Rolle. The song was recorded at Circle House Studios in Miami, Florida in 2013 and later mixed at Music Box Studios in Atlanta, Georgia.


title: Buddy Ebsen

text: Ebsen died on July 6, 2003 in the Torrance Memorial Medical Center in Torrance, California from respiratory failure caused by pneumonia, aged 95 years old. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea.


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: In October 2013, a month prior to its release, "Happy" reached the number-one spot on the Dutch Top 40 chart in the Netherlands, partially as a result of radio station 3FM airplay and online downloads, as well as featuring in a Transavia commercial.


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: "Happy" reached the top of the US "Billboard" Hot 100 for the week ending March 1, 2014. This became the fourth song featuring Pharrell Williams to top this chart, however it is the first song with Williams as the lead vocalist to do so. By March 2014, more than 3 million units of the song were sold in the United States.


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: In the United Kingdom, "Happy" debuted outside the Top 70 of the UK Singles Chart on 1 December 2013 and eventually reached the number-one position on 29 December. It was the third song featuring Pharrell Williams to chart at number one in 2013, making Williams the first artist to have three number-one singles in the United Kingdom since 2009.


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: In Australia, "Happy" reached the number-one position on the ARIA Singles Chart on 6 January 2014 and spent 12 non-consecutive weeks at that position.


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: In New Zealand, "Happy" reached the number-one position on the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart on 6 January 2014 and has spent 15 non-consecutive weeks at that position. On 28 April 2014, its 15th week at the number-one position, it became the song with the most weeks at the number-one position in the chart's history.


title: Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

text: Other countries in which "Happy" has reached the number-one position on a national singles chart include Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Venezuela.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: Motorola RAZR V3 (said ""Razer"", IPA://) is a thin clamshell mobile/cellular camera phone designed and made by Motorola. The phone was originally a fashion phone, but has now grown to many different versions in many different designs, when in 2005 the phone went into the main market and was sold at a medium price. On May 15, 2007, Motorola showed the new RAZR 2, with a bigger screen, easier to use, and Linux, with a high price of $600 with service agreement and $800 without. In 2005, "PC World" put the RAZR at #12 in "The 50 Greatest Gadgets of the Past 50 Years".


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: A black version was produced for the 77th Academy Awards gift bags, and was released in early May 2005.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: The blue version was sold in the United Kingdom. It is named the "RAZR V3 Light Blue" but the color is mainly silver with a light shade of blue. It is sold on these networks:


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: As of July 2006, Australian Telecommunications giant Telstra is offering the V3x Blue (as well as Pink) version for $0 upfront on a $20 plan.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: The dark blue version available from Tesco in the UK is a V3r with no memory slot or iTunes, (and more difficult to unlock).


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: At October 30, 2006, the phone was sold with a tattoo design on it on T-Mobile in USA. The tattoo designs were made by Ami James from the TLC reality television show, "Miami Ink".


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: After the "RAZR V3", Motorola sold the RAZR V3i. This newer version of the phone improved some of the things that were bad about the original phone, for example, it had a better (1.23 megapixel) camera with 8x digital zoom, better screens, and allowed people to use memory cards in them. The V3i software is very similar to the Motorola V635.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: The V3i can has iTunes music player, which has a 50 or 100 song limit on the phone, depending on where the phone was made.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: The Motorola RAZR V3i was on most networks in the world in 2005–2006. In the U.S. the phone was released through Cingular Wireless on September 6, 2006, with a new activation price of $299.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: At December 8, 2005 Motorola worked with Dolce & Gabbana, the Italian fashion company, to produce a special version of the RAZR V3i, the "Motorola RAZR V3i Dolce & Gabbana". The phone was gold in color. Only 1,000 of the original limited version phones were made and sold.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: On June 1, 2006, Motorola and Dolce & Gabbana started selling the RAZR V3i Dolce & Gabbana again. This version had a D&G leather holder, Bluetooth headphone, and FM earphones. It was sold at all big Motorola shops and some D&G shops.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: A red version was sold for the (PRODUCT)RED charity. A percentage of the profit went to the charity to help fight AIDS in Africa.


title: Motorola RAZR V3

text: The RAZR V3r and RAZR V3t are different versions the RAZR V3i. Instead of having iTunes, they have Motorola's Digital Audio Player (DAP) music player, which has no song limit, but takes longer to load, and uses more battery. However, it takes considerably longer time to load and uses the V3's battery at a much faster rate than iTunes does.


title: Brahmagupta

text: Brahmagupta () (born , died ) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He was the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the "Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta" (BSS, "correctly established doctrine of Brahma", dated 628).


title: Brahmagupta

text: Brahmagupta was the first to give rules to compute with "zero". The texts composed by Brahmagupta were composed in elliptical verse in Sanskrit, as was common practice in Indian mathematics. As no proofs are given, it is not known how Brahmagupta's results were derived.


title: Maximum likelihood

text: Maximum likelihood estimation (or maximum likelihood) is the name used for a number of ways to guess the parameters of a parametrised statistical model. These methods pick the value of the parameter in such a way that the probability distribution makes the observed values very likely. The method was mainly devleoped by R.A.Fisher in the early 20th century. A likelihood estimation, where probabilities are known beforehand is known as Maximum a posteriori estimation.


title: Joint

text: A joint is the place where two or more bones make contact. They allow movement (except for skull bones) and give mechanical support.


title: Joint

text: Joints have cartilage in between them, which help to make the movement flexible. Joints are described structurally and functionally. Structural classification is how the bones connect to each other; function is the degree of movement between the articulating bones.


title: Joint

text: A synovial bursa is a small fluid-filled sac lined by a synovial membrane. It has an inner capillary layer of viscous synovial fluid (bit like raw egg white). The bursa is "a cushion between bones and tendons" and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement.


title: Haddock

text: Haddock is a fish that lives in the Atlantic ocean. It only lives in the sea. Haddocks are important fish for the fishing industry. The fish can be easily recognised by a black line on the white side of the fish. Pollock is a fish with reversed coloring, white line on a black background.


title: Pisa

text: Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Italy. About 90,000 people live in the city. The city has a very long and turbulent history. The "Leaning Tower of Pisa" is a famous landmark of Pisa.


title: Ballpoint pen

text: A ballpoint pen or biro (pronounced "BY-roe", named after its inventor László Bíró), is a modern kind of pen for writing. It uses oil-based ink of high viscosity. The ink is inside a long, thin tube inside the pen. When a person writes with it, the ink comes onto the small, ball-shaped tip of the unit. The ink dries almost as soon as it is on the paper.


title: Ballpoint pen

text: Before the ballpoint pen was invented people usually wrote with pens which were dipped into ink, or fountain pens which were filled with ink. When the ballpoint pen was invented, many people thought they were inferior to use because the user's handwriting was not as good. Children in school continued to use the old dip pens. However, ballpoint pens are cheaper and simpler to use than pens that need to be dipped in ink.


title: Ballpoint pen

text: The ink in a ballpoint is different from the ink used in a dip or fountain pen. It is a paste. It has 25 to 40 per cent dye suspended in an oil-based solvent. The most common oils are benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol, which mix with the dyes to create a smooth paste that dries quickly. Common dyes in blue (and black) ink are Prussian blue, Victoria blue, methyl violet, crystal violet and phthalocyanine blue. The dye eosin is commonly used for red ink.


title: Ballpoint pen

text: Biros have the advantage of being very cheap, and easily portable. As a gel or paste, the dye does not run and is stable. For the same reason, the dye needs harder pressure to write than a fountain pen does, sometimes very hard pressure. This is not true of rollerball pens, which are ballpoints that use water-based ink of low viscosity. And it is not true of pencils.


title: Ilir Meta

text: Ilir Meta (; born 24 March 1969) is an Albanian diplomat and politician. He has served as President of Albania from 24 July 2017 to 24 July 2022. Previously he served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2003 and again from 2009 to 2010. He was Chairman of the Parliament of Albania from 2013 to 2017.


title: Clube Atlético Mineiro

text: Clube Atlético Mineiro is a Brazilian football club. Atletico Mineiro was founded in 1908 in the city of Belo Horizonte, where the team plays. The team has "Galo" (rooster) as its mascot, for this reason the club is also known simply as Galo.


title: Clube Atlético Mineiro

text: Atletico Mineiro is one of the most traditional football clubs in Brazil, being the first champion of the modern version of the Brazilian Football Championhsip. The most important achievement of the club was the Copa Libertadores de America in 2013, which is regarded as the most important tournament in South America.


title: Clube Atlético Mineiro

text: In the last five years, Atletico Mineiro is probably passing through the most victorious period in its history, since in the last five years the team has played five out of the nine Copa Libertadores editions the team has ever disputed.


title: Aileen Wuornos

text: Aileen Carol Wuornos Pralle (born Aileen Carol Pittman; February 29, 1956 – October 9, 2002) was an American serial killer. She was born in Rochester, Michigan. She confessed to killing six men in Florida and was executed in Florida State Prison by lethal injection for the murders. Wuornos said that the men she killed had raped her or tried to rape her while she was working as a prostitute.


title: Aileen Wuornos

text: Wuornos was born Aileen Carol Pittman in Rochester, Michigan. She never met her father. Wuornos was adopted by her grandparents. When she was 13 she became pregnant. She started working as a prostitute when she was 14.


title: Hamamatsu festival

text: Hamamatsu Festival (浜松まつり) is a festival held in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, on May 3 to 5 every year. The Hamamatsu festival is not a religious festival but a city festival. In Japan, May 3 to 5 is a holiday called Golden week. Golden week is the longest national holiday in Japan. May 3 is Constitution Memorial Day, May 4 is Greenery Day, and May 5 is Children's Day. During the festival, people who live in each ward celebrate children, especially baby boys, and local restaurants pray for success and prosperity.


title: Winter Solstice (band)

text: Winter Solstice is an American metalcore band formed in 2000. The group split up in 2006. The band never mentioned the performance with Elton John, That Occurred in 2007. This performance was their final.


title: Hamamatsu festival

text: The first Hamamatsu festival was held in 1558 to celebrate the birth of the son of the lord of Hamamatsu castle. The lord and his close advisers flew a kite with the son's name written on it. In the middle of the Edo era (1603~1868), not only in Hamamatsu but also all over Japan, it became popular to fly kites on the Children's Day (May 5). On that day, Japanese people usually celebrate and pray for boys' growth, good health, and bright futures.