title: Julius Caesar (play)

text: The play has been made into movies three times. In a 1950 movie, Charlton Heston played Mark Antony. In a 1953 movie, James Mason played Brutus and Marlon Brando played Antony. In a 1970 movie, Jason Robards played Brutus, Charlton Heston played Antony again, and John Gielgud played Caesar.


title: Scream (1996 movie)

text: Billy is released the next day. Suspicion has shifted to Sidney and Jerry's father, Neil Prescott (Lawrence Hecht), as the calls have been traced to his phone. School is suspended in the wake of the murders. After the students have left the school, Principal Himbry (Henry Winkler) is stabbed to death in his office. Tatum's boyfriend, Stu Macher (Freddie Prinze Jr.) throws a party to celebrate the school's closure. The party is attended by Sidney, Jerry, Tatum and their friends Dan Williams (Seth Green), Tom Scott (Dax Shepard) and Randy Meeks (Jamie Kennedy), and multiple other students. Reporter Gale Weathers (Courteney Cox) attends uninvited to cover the situation, as she expects the killer to strike. Tatum's brother deputy sheriff Dewey Riley (David Arquette) also looks out for the murderer at the party. Tatum is killed during the party after having her head crushed by the garage door. Billy arrives to speak to Sidney privately, and the two ultimately consummate their relationship. Dewey and Gale investigate a nearby abandoned car. Many party attendees are drawn away after hearing news of Himbry's death; Sidney, Jerry, Dan, Tom, Billy, Randy, Stu, and Gale's cameraman Kenny remain.


title: Scream (1996 movie)

text: After having sex, Sidney and Billy are attacked by the killer, who seemingly murders Billy. Sidney, Jerry, Dan and Tom narrowly escape the house and seeks help from Kenny (W. Earl Brown), but the killer slits his throat; Sidney, Jerry, Dan and Tom then flee again. Gale and Dewey, having discovered that the car belongs to Neil Prescott, return to the house. They believe Neil is the killer and has come to the party to continue his spree. Gale tries to escape in her van, but drives off the road and crashes to avoid hitting Sidney, Jerry, Dan and Tom. Meanwhile, Dewey is stabbed in the back while investigating in the house, and Sidney takes his gun. Stu and Randy appear and accuse each other of being the killer. Sidney, Jerry, Dan and Tom retreat into the house, where they find Billy wounded but still alive. Sidney gives Billy the gun; he lets Randy into the house and shoots him. Billy reveals that he feigned his injuries and is actually the killer; Stu is his accomplice.


title: Scream (1996 movie)

text: Billy and Stu discuss their plan to kill Sidney, Jerry, Dan and Tom and frame the murder spree on Sidney and Jerry's father, whom they have taken hostage. The pair also reveal that they, not Cotton, murdered her mother, Maureen, as she was having an affair with Billy's father, which drove his mother away. Gale, who survived the crash, intervenes, and Sidney, Jerry, Dan and Tom take advantage of this to turn the tables on their attackers, killing Stu. Randy is revealed to be wounded but alive. Billy stabs Dan in the ribs, killing him, then Billy attacks Sidney but she shoots him through the head, killing him, Jerry runs over to Dan's body, then Dan gives Jerry his photo album with pictures of him, Jerry, Tom, Sidney, Tatum, Billy, Stu, Randy, Cici (who will appear in Scream 2), Martha, Jerry's old friends: (Douglas Harris (who will appear in Scream 4), Karen James and Thomas Weston) and Sidney and Jerry's brother Steve (who will appear in Scream 3), as Dan slowly dies, Jerry cries over Dan's body. As the sun rises and police arrive, a badly injured Dewey is taken away by ambulance and Gale makes an impromptu news report about the night's events. Two weeks later at Dan's funeral, Sidney, Jerry, Tom and Randy stand near Dan's grave.


title: Orbital speed

text: The orbital speed of a body, usually a planet, a natural satellite, an artificial satellite, or a multiple star, is the speed at which it orbits around the barycenter of a system, usually around a more massive body. It can be used to refer to either the mean orbital speed, the average speed as it completes an orbit, or instantaneous orbital speed, the speed at a particular point in its orbit.


title: Bellows

text: A bellows is something that blows air into a small opening in order to make something work. The bellows will have a kind of sack which has air in it. When the sack is squeezed the air is pushed out. Bellows can be quite small and operated by hand, for example for stoking a fire in an open fireplace. They can also be very large, such as bellows that produce air for a large pipe organ to be played. Such bellows used to be pumped by hand (sometimes by several people), but nowadays electricity is used. Bellows are used by blacksmiths or metalworkers for smelting and welding. They are also used in small musical instruments such as bagpipes, accordions and concertinas. The harmonium has bellows which the player operates by pumping with the his feet.


title: Quora

text: Quora is a website for asking questions and posting answers. The company was launched in 2009 and the website opened in 2010.


title: Orbital speed

text: The orbital speed at any position in the orbit can be computed from the distance to the central body at that position, and the specific orbital energy, which is independent of position: it equals the kinetic energy plus the potential energy, divided by the mass. It is also given by Kepler's Second Law.


title: Quora

text: Making a Quora account is free and asking questions are free as well. Quora does not pay anyone for answering the questions asked by other users.


title: Quora

text: Quora has a Upvote/Downvote system. If you like an answer, you can upvote it and if you do not like it you can downvote it. Any user can upvote or downvote a question' answer no matter whether he asked that question or not. Quora has some strict policies to fight with spam and people posting copied content. If you do not follow them, your account will be suspended by the Quora Moderation team.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: A hydrothermal vent is an opening in the seabed of the Earth by which geothermal energy escapes. Sea water enters, becomes very hot, and rises. The hottest ones carry many black chemicals, and are called black smokers. Scientists have found fewer white smokers. Heat escapes from underground in many places. If they are on land, they are usually hot springs, geysers, or fumaroles. Many archaea and bacteria live near hydrothermal vents. They support giant tube worms, clams and shrimp, and many other eukaryotes. The earliest known life forms are thought to have lived near such vents.


title: Unbinilium

text: Unbinilium is a hypothetical (theoretical or imagined) element of the periodic table. It is also known as eka- radium. Its atomic number should be 120 and is has the symbol Ubn. The name Unbinilium and the symbol Ubn are temporary IUPAC names (meaning "one-two-zero-ium" in Latin). This name and symbol exists until a permanent name is decided and the element is discovered. It is expected to be a s-block element and an alkaline earth metal. It is the second element in the eighth period of the periodic table.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: Deep sea organisms have no access to sunlight, so they must depend on nutrients in the chemical deposits and hydrothermal fluids in which they live. Despite this, hydrothermal vent zones have more than 10,000 to 100,000 times as much life as the rest of the seafloor.


title: Unbinilium

text: This element has not been synthesized (obtained or discovered) yet. A German team at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research attempted a research on 2011. It suggested a possible production of Ubn. But it couldn't be done. Attempts were planned by the Russian, Japanese, and French teams. Attempts were made in 2017-2020 and the experiments from the attempts showed that 8th period elements were difficult to synthesize. Unbinilium is expected to be the last element that can be synthesized through current technology.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: Hydrothermal vent communities are able to sustain such vast amounts of life because vent organisms depend on chemosynthetic bacteria for food, as opposed to the photosynthetic plants other ecosystems use. These bacteria use sulfur compounds, particularly hydrogen sulfide, a chemical highly toxic to most other organisms, to produce organic material through the process of chemosynthesis.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: The chemosynthetic bacteria grow into a thick mat which attracts other organisms such as amphipods and copepods which graze upon the bacteria directly. Larger organisms such as snails, shrimp, crabs, giant tube worms, fish, and octopus form a food chain of predator and prey relationships above the primary consumers.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: The main groups of organisms around seafloor vents are worms, gastropods, and crustaceans, with large bivalves, and 'eyeless' shrimp making up the bulk of non-microbial organisms.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: Tube worms form an important part of the community around a hydrothermal vent. They absorb nutrients directly into their tissues. There are approximately 285 billion bacteria per ounce of tubeworm tissue.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: Tubeworms have red plumes which contain haemoglobin. Haemoglobin combines hydrogen sulfide and transfers it to the bacteria living inside the worm. In return the bacteria nourish the worm with carbon compounds.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: Other examples of the unique fauna who inhabit this ecosystem are the gastropod "Crysomallon squamiferum", a species of snail with a foot reinforced by scales made of iron and organic materials, and the 'Pompeii Worm' "Alvinella pompejana", which is capable of withstanding temperatures up to 80°C (176°F).


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: Over 300 new species have been discovered at hydrothermal vents, many of them "sister species" to others in geographically separated vent areas. It has been proposed that before the North American plate overrode the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, there was a single biogeographic vent region found in the eastern Pacific. The subsequent barrier to travel began the evolutionary divergence of species in different locations. The examples of convergent evolution seen between distinct hydrothermal vents is seen as major support for the theory of natural selection and evolution as a whole.


title: Hydrothermal vent

text: Scientists have found bacteria that use photosynthesis in a black smoker off the coast of Mexico at a depth of . No sunlight penetrates that far into the waters. Instead, the bacteria, part of the Chlorobiaceae family, uses the faint glow from the black smoker. This is the first organism discovered in nature to exclusively use a light other than sunlight for photosynthesis.


title: Opposite number

text: In mathematics, the opposite or additive inverse of a number formula_1 is a number formula_2 which, when added to formula_1, results in 0. The opposite of formula_4 is formula_5. For example, −7 is the opposite of 7, because formula_6.


title: Opposite number

text: The opposite of a positive number is the negative version of the number. The opposite of a negative number is the positive version of the number. The opposite of 0 is 0.


title: The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi)

text: The Green Book ( al-Kitāb al-Aḫḍar) is a book written by Muammar al-Gaddafi, who was the leader of Libya until 2011. It explains his social and political philosophy. He wanted everyone to read the book because he believed that his philosophy could make the world a better place. It was first published in 1975.


title: The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi)

text: "The Green Book" was very important in Libya. Schoolchildren would spend 2 hours a week learning about it.


title: The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi)

text: The book is against both capitalism and communism. Gaddafi was against communism because he thought it was not respectful to religion. Instead, he promoted Islamic socialism.


title: The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi)

text: A lot of people thought that Gadaffi didn't do a good job writing the book. They thought that the book was a bunch of proverbs rather than something with new and unique ideas or a strong argument.


title: Cuba libre

text: The Cuba Libre (IPA /'kuβ̞a'liβ̞ɾe/ in Spanish, kjuːbʌ liːbɹeɪ/ in English, "Free Cuba") is a cocktail made of Cola, rum, and lime. Also referred as Rum and Coke in United States and Canada, it is usually served in a highball glass. The exact recipe of the drink is 2 oz of light rum, juice of 1/2 limes, and cola, although variation in rum is possible according to taste. After pouring the lime juice into the highball glass, add rum, fill the rest of the glass with cola, and then stir.


title: Cluster analysis

text: Clustering or cluster analysis is a type of data analysis. The analyst groups objects so that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar to each other than to objects in other groups (clusters) in some way. This is a common task in data mining.


title: Bob Odenkirk

text: Robert John "Bob" Odenkirk (born October 22, 1962) is an American actor, comedian, writer, director and producer. He is best known for being the co-creator and co-star of the HBO sketch comedy series "Mr. Show with Bob and David" and for his role as Saul Goodman on AMC's "Breaking Bad" and its spin-off series "Better Call Saul". He also starred in "The Post". In 2018, he starred as Winston Deavor in the Disney-Pixar movie "Incredibles 2".


title: Cuba libre

text: The exact history of Cuba Libre is uncertain. Generally accepted theory is that the drink was invented in Havana, Cuba around 1900, after Cuba’s liberation and when Coke was first introduced to Cuba.


title: Bob Odenkirk

text: On July 27, 2021, Odenkirk was taken to a hospital after collapsing while filming "Better Call Saul" in New Mexico from a heart-related medical emergency.


title: Division of Korea

text: The division of Korea between North and South Korea happened because of the Allied victory in World War II in 1945. After Japan surrendered, the Allies made Japan give up all the colonies they took through military force, even those before WWII started. Even though Korea was a colony of Japan before WWII, Japan still had to give it up because it used military force to take it over. So after 35 years, Korea no longer became a colony of the Empire of Japan. However, on the same day Japan surrendered, the Soviet Union invaded Korea, after having occupied Northeast China.


title: Division of Korea

text: The United States and the Soviet Union occupied the country, meaning they had their military there, with the border between their zones of control along the 38th parallel, or the land on the Korean Peninsula from east to west 38 degrees North.


title: Division of Korea

text: With the rise of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union failed to create an independent, unified Korea. In 1948, the elections led by the UN were held only in the southern part of Korea, which was occupied by the United States. This led to the creation of the Republic of Korea in South Korea, which was afterwards followed by the creation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in North Korea. The United States supported the South, and the Soviet Union supported the North, and each government claimed sovereignty, or the right to rule itself, over the whole Korean Peninsula.


title: Division of Korea

text: In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea in order to take over all of Korea, which began the Korean War. Just before North Korea took over all of Korea, the United States sent its military to take back South Korea. After it took back South Korea, the United States tried to take over North Korea until China, North Korea's communist ally, pushed back the United States. This led to a tug-of-war that lasted throughout the war. In 1953, the fighting ended in stalemate, meaning neither side won the war, and the border was once again put on the 38th parallel, but this time it became the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).


title: Division of Korea

text: The Korean War (1950–1953) left the two Koreas separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in the later part of the Cold War and even to this day.


title: Division of Korea

text: Due to this division, North and South Korea have become two extremely different countries. Now it has major differences between cultures, economies, health, politics, and even languages.


title: Mary of Modena

text: Mary of Modena (Maria Beatrice Eleonora Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este; – ) was Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland. She was the second wife of King James II. Mary was a very firm Catholic. She married James, Duke of York, (the future James II) in 1673. He was the younger brother of Charles II. Mary was not interested in politics. Instead, she was devoted to James, and gave birth to two children who lived to become adults. They were Louise Mary and the Jacobite James Francis Edward Stuart, who became known in history as "The Old Pretender".


title: Darth Maul

text: Darth Maul is a fictional character from the "Star Wars" universe. The character first appeared in the movie "" in 1999. Darth Maul has also been in many books set in the time period just before the Clone Wars. Darth Maul was played by Ray Park in the movie.


title: Lemon verbena

text: Lemon verbena ("Aloysia citrodora") is a type of flowering plant in the verbena family. It can also be called lemon beebrush. Its tiny flowers bloom purple or white in late summer.


title: Fargo (TV series)

text: Fargo is an American anthology crime drama television series. It is set mostly in Bemidji, Minnesota. Other locations shown are Duluth, Minnesota and Fargo, North Dakota. It is based on the 1996 movie of the same name. It premiered on April 15, 2014.


title: Mary of Modena

text: Mary was born as a princess of the Italian Duchy of Modena. She is mostly remembered for the birth of James Francis Edward. Most of the English people thought he was not really Mary's son. They believed he had been secretly brought into the birth-room in a warming-pan to continue King James II's Catholic rule. The privy council investigation declared that the story was false. However, James Francis Edward's birth was one of the reasons why the Glorious Revolution happened. In the Glorious Revolution, King James II was deposed by his daughter Mary and her husband William III of Orange.


title: Darth Maul

text: Darth Maul is the first known apprentice of Darth Sidious. Maul is a Sith lord who uses the Dark Side of the Force. Darth Maul has black and red tattoos covering his head and face, a crown of small horns, and evil yellow eyes. He uses a red, double bladed lightsaber as a weapon. He flies the starship "The Sith Infiltrator".


title: Lemon verbena

text: Lemon verbena leaves are used to add a lemony taste to fish and poultry dishes, vegetable marinades, salad dressings, jams, puddings, and beverages. It also is used to make herb tea.


title: Fargo (TV series)

text: The show was announced in 2012 by FX. The production for the series began in the fall of 2013 with filming taking place in and around Calgary, Alberta. On July 21, 2014, FX renewed "Fargo" for a ten-episode second season, which premiered in October 2015. A third season premiered in April 2017.


title: Mary of Modena

text: The "Queen over the water"—as Jacobites (followers of James II) called Mary—was exiled to France. She lived with her family in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which Louis XIV of France had given her. Louis XIV's courtiers liked Mary, but thought James was not interesting. When James died, Mary spent a lot of time with the nuns at the Convent of Chaillot. When James II died in 1701, the Jacobites saw James Francis Edward as king. Because he was too young to rule, Queen Dowager Mary acted as regent until he became 16. Later, "James III" was forced to leave France because of the Treaty of Utrecht. This left Mary without any family in France (Princess Louise Mary had died of smallpox). Mary died of breast cancer in 1718. She was kindly remembered by the people in France at that time.


title: Darth Maul

text: After Nute Gunray, the viceroy of the Trade Federation, loses Queen Amidala, Darth Sidious sends Darth Maul to track her down. Darth Maul follows her to Tatooine, where he sends out probe droids to find her. As Anakin, the Queen and the Jedi Qui-Gon Jinn get ready to leave the planet, Darth Maul attacks on his speeder and Maul and Qui-Gon battle. After losing the Queen, Darth Sidious sends Darth Maul to Naboo to watch over the planet. When the Queen launches an attack, Darth Maul shows himself again. This time Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi start to battle with him. Darth Maul kills Qui-Gon and almost pushes Obi-Wan down a pit. In the end, Obi-Wan uses Qui-Gon's lightsaber to cut Darth Maul in half. Darth Maul fell down the pit, but somehow survived, as shown when he turns up again in the 2008 animated TV series, "".


title: Fargo (TV series)

text: In January 2006, Lorne Malvo (Billy Bob Thornton) passes through Bemidji, Minnesota and influences the community with his malice, violence and deception, including put-upon insurance salesman Lester Nygaard (Martin Freeman). Meanwhile, Deputy Molly Solverson (Allison Tolman) and Duluth police officer Gus Grimly (Colin Hanks) team up to solve a series of murders they believe may be linked to Malvo and Nygaard.


title: Mary of Modena

text: Mary Beatrice d'Este was the older child of Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena and his wife Laura Martinozzi. She was born on 5 October 1658 NS in Modena. Her only sibling, Francesco, became a Duke when his father died in 1662. This was the year Mary became 4. Mary and Francesco's mother Laura was firm with her children. She acted as regent of the duchy until her son grew older. Mary's education was very good. She spoke French and Italian well, and had a knowledge of Latin and, later, English.


title: Fargo (TV series)

text: The season takes place in 1979 in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and Luverne, Minnesota. It features state police officer Lou Solverson (Patrick Wilson), who has just returned from Vietnam, investigating a crime involving a local gang, Mob syndicate and being assign to protect then-Republican presidential candidate Ronald Reagan during his campaign stop in Fargo.


title: Carriage

text: A carriage is a type of vehicle that was used before cars were invented. It is a fancy type of cart or wagon, usually with four wheels and suspension. The carriages may be pulled by horses. Carriages are often used for weddings.


title: Real-time operating system

text: A real-time operating system (RTOS; commonly pronounced as "are-toss") is a multitasking operating system designed for real-time applications. Such applications include embedded systems, industrial robots, scientific research equipment and others.


title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: Keeping Up with the Kardashians is an American reality television series that airs on E!. It started on October 14, 2007. It is about the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian and Jenner families. It focuses on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian, as well as their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their stepfather Caitlyn Jenner, their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's boyfriend Scott Disick. It has aired for eight seasons. It aired its 100th episode on August 11, 2013.


title: Real-time operating system

text: An RTOS simplifies the creation of a real-time applications, but does not guarantee the final result will be real-time; this requires good development of the software.


title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: The show has gotten good reviews from critics. However, it is often criticized for using the "famous for being famous" concept, where a celebrity becomes famous for no identifiable reason. It has also been criticized for making up most of its storyline. The show has had four spin-offs: "Kourtney and Kim Take Miami", "Kourtney and Kim Take New York", "Khloé & Lamar" and "Kourtney and Khloe Take the Hamptons".


title: Real-time operating system

text: Real-time operating systems use specialized scheduling algorithms in order to provide the real-time applications. An RTOS can respond more quickly and/or predictably to an event than other operating systems.


title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: On September 8, 2020, the family announced the show will end in 2021, after 20 seasons. The show ended on June 20, 2021.


title: Real-time operating system

text: These are the best known, most widely used real-time operating systems. See List of real-time operating systems for a full list. Also, see List of operating systems for all types of operating systems.


title: Poll tax

text: Poll tax is a system of taxing. It is also called head tax. It is based on the idea that everyone pays the same amount of tax. This is regardless of how much they earn. In the last few years of Margaret Thatcher's reign as British Prime minister, she received heavy opposition and mass riots were held when she tried to have poll tax used as the tax system.


title: Anchises

text: In Greek mythology, Anchises was a son of Capys and Themiste (daughter of Ilus, son of Tros) or Hieromneme, a naiad. He is famous because he was mortal and a lover of the goddess Aphrodite (and in Roman mythology, the lover of Venus). He was also the father of Aeneas, who is the hero of "The Aeneid."


title: Pawnee people

text: The Pawnee are a Native American Plains Indians tribe. They lived mainly in what is now Nebraska and Kansas. Unlike other tribes of the Great Plains, they were semi-nomadic people. They were hunters and farmers. The Pawnee farmed for most of the year and lived in earth lodges. During the buffalo hunting season, they lived in tepees so they could follow the herds. In the early 1800s their main village was on the south side of the Platte River (Nebraska). They raised crops including beans, corn, pumpkins, squashes and sunflowers. The powerful Pawnee tribe had four individual bands. These were the Chaui (Grand), the Kitkehaki (Republican Pawnees), Pitahauerat (Tapage Pawnees) and the Skidi (Loup or Wolf Pawnees). They were a fierce people who used war paint and tattoos to intimidate their enemies. The Pawnee took scalps in battle. Pawnee war parties often rode out on scalping missions against other tribes. The Pawnee also practiced human sacrifice. Most often this took the form of ritually killing a young captive girl in a five-day ceremony. She was sacrificed to the Morning Star. The last known ritual killing was of a girl in the mid-18th century. The Pawnee were the largest tribe to have lived in Nebraska. They were one of the earliest tribes to come to the area. Estimates are that there were between 10,000 and 12,000 Pawnee in Nebraska by 1800. They had little to fear from their enemies because they were a large tribe. But smallpox and other diseases aswell as warfare with the Sioux reduced their numbers significantly in the early 1800s. They were finally removed to Oklahoma in the 1870s.


title: Anchises

text: Anchises, in Greek legend, member of the junior branch of the royal family of Troy: While he was tending his sheep on Mount Ida, the goddess Aphrodite met him and, enamoured of his beauty, bore him Aeneas. For revealing the name of the child’s mother, Anchises was killed or struck blind by lightning.


title: Anchises

text: Anchises was the son of Capys and Themiste in Greek mythology, father of Aeneas. He was better known as a lover of the goddess Aphrodite, who appeared in front of him disguised as a Phrygian princess. She then seduced him into lovemaking for two weeks. Aphrodite became pregnant with Aeneas, and she appeared in front of Anchises with the newborn, revealing her true identity. She then told him not to boast of their affair to anyone; he did not listen to her, and Zeus hurled a thunderbolt against him, either scorching him or crippling him. He later married Eriopis, with whom he had at least one daughter, Hippodameia. During Troy's fall at the end of the Trojan War, his son Aeneas helped him escape as he was no longer able to walk after Zeus' punishment.


title: Anchises

text: In later legend and in Virgil’s Aeneid, he was conveyed out of Troy on the shoulders of his son Aeneas, whose descendants founded Rome, and he died in Sicily.


title: Logo of Wikipedia

text: The logo of Wikipedia, which is a free, open-source online encyclopedia, that's accessible in many languages, is a picture that shows the following description:


title: Logo of Wikipedia

text: A cut globe made from Jigsaw puzzle pieces with some missing at the top, and has glyphs from many different writing systems.


title: Logo of Wikipedia

text: As shown on the web pages of the English-language version of Wikipedia, it says "Wikipedia" under it, and there's a text that says "The Free Encyclopedia", in the free open-source font.


title: Private network

text: In Internet terminology a private network is typically a network that uses private IP address space, following the standard. Computers may be allocated addresses from this address space when it is necessary for them to communicate with other computing devices on an Intranet network (internal private computer network that uses the Internet Protocol).


title: Gnetum

text: Gnetum is the only genus in the plant family Gnetaceae. They are gymnosperms: their seeds are naked, whereas the seeds of flowering plants are covered.


title: Private network

text: Private networks are quite common in home and office local area network (LAN) designs, as many organizations do not see a need for globally unique IP addresses for every computer, printer and other devices that the organizations use. Private IP addresses were created due to the shortage of publicly registered IP addresses created by the IPv4 standard. One of the reasons IPv6 was created is to overcome this limitation of the IPv4 standard. However IPv6 still did not achieve a widespread use.


title: Gnetum

text: Plants in "Gnetum" are evergreen. Most of them are woody vines, but some are big enough to be trees. They grow in warmer, tropical regions of the world. There are over 50 species living. Although some are endangered, the group as a whole are not threatened. Some species are in danger of dying out because they only live in small areas, and the forest where they grow is being turned into land for farming.


title: Private network

text: Routers on the Internet should be configured to discard any packets containing private IP addresses in the IP packet header. This isolation gives private networks a basic form of security as it is not usually possible for the outside world to establish a connection directly to a machine using these private addresses. As connections cannot be made between different private networks via the internet, different organizations can use the same private address range without risking address conflicts (communications accidents caused by reaching a third party using the same IP address).


title: Gnetum

text: "Gnetum" may have been one of the first plants to be pollinated by insects, with other members of this group such as "Ephedra" and "Welwitschia".


title: Private network

text: If a device on a private network needs to communicate with other networks, a ""mediating gateway"" (in-between gateway) is needed to ensure that the outside network is presented with an address that is "real" (or publicly reachable) so that Internet routers allow the communication. This gateway is typically a NAT device or a proxy server. Public Internet Routers by default will not forward packets with addresses. Unlike public Internet routers that need additional configuration to forward these packets, internal routers do not need any additional configuration to forward these packets.


title: Gnetum

text: Gnetophyte fossils have been found that date from the Permian and the Triassic. Fossils dating back to the Jurassic have been found, though whether or not they belong to the gnetophytes is uncertain. Overall, the fossil record is richest in the early Cretaceous: fossils of plants, seeds, and pollen have been found which are clearly gnetophytes.


title: Private network

text: This can cause problems, however, when organizations try to connect networks that both use the same private address spaces. There is a potential for clashes and routing problems if both networks use the same IP addresses for their private networks, or if both networks depend on NAT to connect them through the Internet.


title: Private network

text: The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that manage global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, media types, and other Internet protocol assignments. It is operated by ICANN.


title: Private network

text: For someone familiar with the boundaries of classful addressing, it is important to note that even though the range of 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 falls in the traditional class B range, the block of addresses reserved is not a /16, but a /12. The same applies for the range of 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255; this block is not a /24, but a /16. However, someone can still (and many individuals typically do) use addresses from these CIDR blocks and apply a subnet mask appropriate for the traditional classful boundary of the address.


title: Private network

text: To reduce the load on root nameservers caused by the reverse DNS lookups of these IP addresses, a system of "black-hole" nameservers is provided by anycast network AS112.


title: Lo-fi music

text: Lo-fi (short for low-fidelity) is a type of music which was qualities which are usually seen as not perfect of a recording or performance are audible, sometimes as a deliberate aesthetic choice.


title: Lo-fi music

text: Lo-fi began to be recognized as a style of popular music in the 1990s, when it became alternately referred to as DIY music.


title: Visual cortex

text: The visual cortex is a part of the brain that allows vision. It is relatively thin – between 1.5mm and 2mm in humans. In monkeys and apes the visual cortex takes up much of their brain. Physically, the visual cortex is at the back of the brain in the occipital lobe.


title: Gary Cole

text: Cole was born in Park Ridge, Illinois on September 20, 1956. He graduated at Illinois State University.


title: Visual cortex

text: David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel did research on the visual cortex for many years. They won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries about information processing in the visual system.


title: Gary Cole

text: Cole began his acting career on stage with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in 1985. In television, Cole had starring roles in the series "Midnight Caller", "American Gothic", and "Crusade". In movies, Cole appeared in supporting roles in "The Brady Bunch Movie", "Office Space", "", and "". He provided the voice of Mayor Jones in "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated".


title: Visual cortex

text: Research on the primary visual cortex can involve recording action potentials from electrodes within the brain of cats, ferrets, rats, mice, or monkeys. Alternatively, signals can be recorded outside the animal by EEG, MEG, or fMRI. These techniques gather information without invading the brain.


title: Gary Cole

text: He has been married to Teddi Siddall since 1992. They have a daughter. On June 19, 2017, the couple announced they were divorcing. Cole is an active Democrat.


title: Visual cortex

text: The primary visual cortex (V1) is the best studied visual area in the brain. This is where the messages arrive from the lateral geniculate nuclei, which are relay stations for information from the retina. Each lateral geniculate nucleus gets signals from the "opposite" visual field.


title: Hick

text: A hick is a term for an American stereotype, which is also used in Canada to a lesser degree. It is a term for people who live in rural areas, especially on farms and ranches and is usually meant as an insult and considered offensive to most people. It is mostly used to describe people in the south-central United States, including Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky, Kansas, Iowa, and Nebraska.


title: Petrochemical

text: A petrochemical is a chemical product that is made from petroleum, natural gas or other hydrocarbons.


title: Root beer

text: Root beer is a sweet soda. It is traditionally made using sassafras or sarsaparilla as the main flavor.


title: Petrochemical

text: Some petrochemicals include alcohol, antiseptics, artificial rubber, detergents, drugs, explosives, food additives, insecticides, perfume, plastic, and textile fiber.


title: Root beer

text: It does not have caffeine though some root beer makers add in caffeine. It can be carbonated or non-carbonated. Modern, commercially produced root beer is generally sweet, foamy, carbonated, nonalcoholic, and flavoured using artificial sassafras flavouring.


title: Divergent boundary

text: A divergent boundary, also known as a constructive boundary, is two or more plates that move apart from each other because of plate tectonics. When they move apart either water or magma fills the space. If it is magma, when it has cooled it then creates a new plate which then creates new land.


title: Cyclopia

text: Cyclopia (also called cyclocephaly or synophthalmia) is a birth defect. Cyclopia is characterized by a failure of the prosencephalon to separate the two orbits (eyes). This leads to the formation of a central deformed eye and an absence of a nasal cavity. It causes can be either genetic, or as a result of an exposure to poisons. The term "cyclopia" comes from Cyclops, a giant one-eyed creature the Greek Greek mythology.


title: Tlatelolco massacre

text: After a summer with large protests against the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City, the Mexican Armed Forces shot multiple unarmed civilians, killing an unknown number in the hundreds. The shooting happened in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas in the Tlatelolco section of Mexico City, and is considered part of the Mexican Dirty War. The massacre happened ten days before the opening ceremony of the Olympics.


title: Tlatelolco massacre

text: The head of the Federal Directorate of Security reported that 1,345 people were arrested. At the time, the Mexican government and media claimed that the Armed Forces had been provoked by protesters shooting at them. However in government documents released in 2000, it said that snipers had been hired by the government. The actual death toll range from 300 to 400, with eyewitnesses reporting hundreds dead.


title: SN1 reaction

text: The S1 reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry. "S" stands for nucleophilic substitution and the "1" represents the fact that the rate-determining step involves only one molecule (unimolecular). The reaction involves a carbocation intermediate. Some common S1 reactions are of secondary or tertiary alkyl halides under strongly basic conditions or, under strongly acidic conditions, with secondary or tertiary alcohols. With primary alkyl halides, the alternative S2 reaction occurs. Among inorganic chemists, the S1 reaction is often known as the "dissociative mechanism". Christopher Ingold et al. first proposed the reaction mechanism in 1940.


title: Mishary bin Rashid Alafasy

text: Mishary Rashid Alafasy was born on September 5th, 1976. Mishary Rashid Ghareeb Mohammed Rashid Al-Afasy (nicknamed Abu Nora ), is an eminent and prolific Imam and an excellent Qur’an reciter hailing from Kuwait.


title: SN1 reaction

text: An example of a reaction taking place with an S1 reaction mechanism is the hydrolysis of tert-butyl bromide with water to form tert-butyl alcohol:


title: Mishary bin Rashid Alafasy

text: The Holy Quran was the subject of this Imam’s keen interest and learning and hence, it came as no surprise when he memorized the Book of Allah in a few years itself. Besides his melodious and emotional voice, he has managed to grab the attention of the bigwigs in the field of Islamic knowledge such as Sheikh Ibrahim Ali Shehata Al-Samanodi, the Sheikh Abdur Area Radwan, and also the great sheikh Ahmed Abdulaziz Al-Zaiat.The next step was his decision to pursue his higher education at the Islamic and Quranic university of Madinah, Saudi Arabia.


title: SN1 reaction

text: Because the first step is the bottleneck or "rate-determining step" chemists classify the entire reaction mechanism as S1. Only one molecule is needed for that step.


title: Mishary bin Rashid Alafasy

text: The two famous links of the recitation of the Quran: TV Alafasy and Alafasy Q are managed by this great Imam and rightfully so. In a similar manner, numerous TV channels and radio stations have taken pride in broadcasting all his highly commendable productions.


title: SN1 reaction

text: The S1 mechanism will win this competition when the central carbon atom is surrounded by bulky groups because such groups sterically hinder the S2 reaction. Additionally, bulky substituents on the central carbon increase the rate of carbocation formation because of the relief of steric strain that occurs. The resultant carbocation is also stabilized by both inductive stabilization and hyperconjugation from attached alkyl groups. The Hammond-Leffler postulate says that this too will increase the rate of carbocation formation. The S1 mechanism therefore dominates in reactions at tertiary alkyl centers and is further observed at secondary alkyl centers in the presence of weak nucleophiles.


title: SN1 reaction

text: An example of a reaction proceeding in a S1 way is the synthesis of "2,5-dichloro-2,5-dimethylhexane" from the corresponding diol with concentrated hydrochloric acid:


title: SN1 reaction

text: As the alpha and beta substitutions increase with respect to leaving groups, the reaction is diverted from S2 to S1.


title: SN1 reaction

text: The carbocation intermediate formed in the reaction's rate limiting step is an "sp" hybridized carbon with trigonal planar molecular geometry. This allows two different paths for the nucleophilic attack, one on either side of the planar molecule. If neither path is preferentially favored, these two paths will be used equally, yielding a racemic mix of enantiomers if the reaction takes place at a stereocenter. This is illustrated below in the S1 reaction of S-3-chloro-3-methylhexane with an iodide ion, which yields a racemic mixture of 3-iodo-3-methylhexane:


title: SN1 reaction

text: However, an excess of one stereoisomer can be observed, as the leaving group can remain close to the carbocation intermediate for a short time and block nucleophilic attack. This is very different than the S2 mechanism, which does not mix the stereochemistry of the product (a stereospecific mechanism). The S2 mechanism always inverts the molecule's stereochemistry.


title: SN1 reaction

text: Two common side reactions are elimination reactions and carbocation rearrangement. If the reaction is performed under warm or hot conditions (which favor an increase in entropy), E1 elimination is likely to predominate, leading to formation of an alkene. At lower temperatures, S1 and E1 reactions are competitive reactions. So, it becomes difficult to favor one over the other. Even if the reaction is performed cold, some alkene may be formed. If an attempt is made to perform an S1 reaction using a strongly basic nucleophile such as hydroxide or methoxide ion, the alkene will again be formed, this time via an E2 elimination. This will be especially true if the reaction is heated. Finally, if the carbocation intermediate can rearrange to a more stable carbocation, it will give a product derived from the more stable carbocation rather than the simple substitution product.


title: SN1 reaction

text: Solvents will change the reaction rate. Since the S1 reaction involves formation of an unstable carbocation intermediate in the rate-determining step, anything that can help this will speed up the reaction. The normal solvents of choice are both "polar" (to stabilize ionic intermediates in general) and "protic" (to solvate the leaving group in particular). Typical polar protic solvents include water and alcohols, which will also act as nucleophiles.


title: SN1 reaction

text: The Y scale correlates solvolysis reaction rates of any solvent (k) with that of a standard solvent (80% v/v ethanol/water) (k) through


title: SN1 reaction

text: For example 100% ethanol gives Y = −2.3, 50% ethanol in water Y = +1.65 and 15% concentration Y = +3.2.


title: Justin Roiland

text: Mark Justin Roiland (born February 21, 1980) is an American actor, writer, television director and producer. He voiced Oscar in "Fish Hooks", and the Earl of Lemongrab in "Adventure Time". He is also the co-creator and executive producer of "Rick and Morty", in which he voiced many characters. Roiland voiced The Delicious One in the 2D-animated commercials of Wienerschnitzel.


title: Songs in the Key of Life

text: Songs in the Key of Life is the eighteenth studio album by American recording artist Stevie Wonder. It was released on September 28, 1976, by Tamla.


title: Songs in the Key of Life

text: The "A Something's Extra" 7" extended play was included with the special-edition version of the original LP. These tracks are also on most CD versions of the album, as well as the Blu-ray Audio. They were either split between both discs or added to the end of the second disc.


title: Provinces of Panama

text: Panama is divided into ten provinces (). There are three provincial-level indigenous regions (, often shortened to "comarcas").


title: Provinces of Panama

text: There are also two indigenous "comarcas" within provinces that are considered equivalent to a "corregimiento" (municipality).


title: Tropical wave

text: Tropical waves, or easterly waves, also known as African easterly waves in the Atlantic Ocean, are a type of atmospheric trough, an extended area of moderately low air pressure, leaning north to south, which move from east to west across the tropics creating areas of cloudiness and thunderstorms. West-moving waves can also form from the tail end of frontal zones in the subtropics and tropics and may be called to as easterly waves, but these waves are not properly called tropical waves; they are a form of inverted trough sharing many characteristics with fully tropical waves. All tropical waves form in the easterly flow along the southern side of the subtropical ridge or belt of high pressure which is north and south of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Tropical waves are normally carried westward by the prevailing easterly winds along the tropics and subtropics near the equator. They can lead to the formation of tropical cyclones in the north Atlantic and northeast Pacific Oceans. They can also lead to tropical storms which can also lead to hurricanes.


title: Black Adam

text: Black Adam is a fictional supervillain and sometimes antihero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by Otto Binder and C. C. Beck, the character is the archenemy of the superhero Captain Marvel, also known as Shazam.


title: Microservices

text: In classical software architecture, the architecture is often layered. There is one layer for the user interface, another for the application logic, and yet another for accessing persistent data (such as a database). In classical software architecture, an application server is used, which will run the different services (such as different entry points of a web site, or different parts of the business application). The problem with this approach is that such application servers often do not scale very well, they need a lot of resources, and services are often tightly coupled.


title: Tropical wave

text: A tropical wave is usually preceded by an area of sinking, intensely dry air, sloping as a northeast wind. With the passage of the trough line, the wind turns to the southeast, the humidity suddenly rises, and the atmosphere destabilizes, producing widespread showers and thunderstorms, sometimes severe. As the wave moves off westward, the showers slowly stop.


title: Black Adam

text: In 2009, Black Adam was ranked as IGN's 16th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. Dwayne Johnson has been cast as Black Adam in the DC Extended Universe spin-off movie "Black Adam" (2022).


title: Microservices

text: Microservices are patterns of Software architecture: The approach is similar to the pattern described above, but the services are very small: very often they only provide one or two very specific functions. To get the same situation as above, these services must interact with each other. Very often they do this using RESTful service calls. Each microservice still has the parts of the user interface layer, the application layer, and the layer to access persistent data. Very often, microservices run in an application container. When the load requires it, special software in the application container can be used to run several instances (or copies) of the specific service.


title: Tropical wave

text: A notable exception to the general characteristic of widespread precipitation behind a tropical wave occurs in the Atlantic. Periodically, a surge of intensely dry air known as the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is entrained behind a tropical wave, resulting in cloudless or nearly cloudless skies as convection is limited by the dry layer inversion. Also, any dust which may be present within the SAL reflects solar radiation, slightly cooling the atmosphere below it.


title: Microservices

text: Microservices is a specialization of an implementation approach for service-oriented architectures (SOA) used to build flexible, independently deployable software systems. The microservices approach is a first realisation of SOA that followed the introduction of DevOps and is becoming more popular for building continuously deployed systems.


title: Tropical wave

text: Tropical waves in the Atlantic Ocean form from disturbances which drift off the continent of Africa onto the Atlantic Ocean. These are generated or enhanced by the African Easterly Jet. The clockwise circulation of the large transoceanic high-pressure cell or anticyclone centered near the Azores islands impels easterly waves away from the coastal areas of Africa to North America. About 60% of Atlantic tropical cyclones originally form from tropical waves, while about 85% of intense Atlantic hurricanes (Category 3 and greater) form from tropical waves.


title: Tropical wave

text: Tropical cyclones can sometimes degenerate back into a tropical wave. This normally happens if upper-level wind shear is too strong. The storm can redevelop if the upper level shear decreases or stops. If a tropical wave is moving quickly, it can have strong winds of over tropical storm force, but is not considered a tropical storm unless it has a closed circulation.


title: Tropical wave

text: It has been suggested that eastern Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones are formed out of tropical waves that come from North Africa as well. During the summer months, tropical waves can go northward as far as the desert southwest of the United States, producing spells of intensified shower activity surrounded within the current monsoon area.


title: I Love New York

text: I Love New York, seen visually as, "I ❤ NY" was a design concept created by Milton Glaser in 1977. The song "I Love New York" also the state song of New York. The logo was created by Milton Glaser.


title: Tunak Tunak Tun

text: Tunak Tunak Tun is an Indian pop song released in 1998. It has become an internet meme. It was made because most of Daler Mehndi's other videos have women dancing. Some people said that was the only reason his music was popular. This one has just him but became a success anyway. It has used bluescreen technology.


title: Alfredo Lim

text: Alfredo Siojo Lim (; 21 December 1929 – 8 August 2020) was a Filipino politician. He served as Mayor of the City of Manila from 1992 to 1998 and 2007 to 2013. He also served as senator of the Philippines from 2004 to 2007. He ran for president in 1998, but lost to Joseph Estrada.


title: Alfredo Lim

text: He lost his re-election campaign in 2013, but lost to former President of the Philippines Joseph Estrada. He ran again in 2016, but narrowly lost to Estrada again by less than 1%.


title: Alfredo Lim

text: On 7 August 2020, Lim was hospitalized in Manila with COVID-19. He died the next day from the infection at the age of 90.


title: Kalasha

text: Kalasha, also spelled as Kalash (Sanskrit: , "kalaśa"; literally "pitcher, pot"), is a metal (brass, copper, silver or gold) pot with a large base and small mouth, large enough to hold a coconut. Sometimes "Kalasha" can mean a pot filled with water and topped with a coronet of mango leaves and a coconut. This combination is often used in Hindu rites.


title: Vector (biology)

text: A vector in biology is an animal on or in which a small living thing gets transported. The vector gets no benefit and sometimes loses fitness by the arrangement.


title: Vector (biology)

text: The term is most used for the transport of parasites and agents of infection or disease. So, deadly diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, are carried by some mosquitoes.


title: Vector (biology)

text: The study of vectors gives us knowledge about the life cycle of parasitic diseases, and this helps us control those diseases.


title: British Rail Class 395

text: Class 395 is the designation of new dual-voltage EMUs being built to operate new high speed domestic services on the High Speed 1 railway line in the United Kingdom. The trains will be the fastest operating domestic service trains in Britain, running at a maximum speed of when they are introduced by operator Southeastern in 2009.


title: Robert Durst

text: Robert Alan Durst (April 12, 1943 – January 10, 2022) was an American real estate businessman, convicted murderer and possible serial killer. He was the son of New York City mogul Seymour Durst, and the elder brother of Douglas Durst, head of the Durst Organization. His crime allegations and trial were covered in the HBO miniseries "The Jinx".


title: Robert Durst

text: Durst was suspected of foul play against three individuals in different states: Kathleen McCormack Durst, his first wife, who disappeared in New York in 1982; Susan Berman, his longtime friend, who was murdered in California in 2000; and his neighbor, Morris Black, who was killed in Texas in 2001.


title: Robert Durst

text: Durst was the subject of a multi-state manhunt and was convicted of dismembering Black, but acquitted of his murder.


title: Robert Durst

text: On March 14, 2015, Durst was arrested in New Orleans, Louisiana, on a first-degree murder warrant signed by a Los Angeles judge in relation to the Berman killing. On November 4, 2016, Durst was transferred to California and soon after was arraigned in Los Angeles on first-degree murder charges.


title: Robert Durst

text: On October 16, 2021, Durst tested positive for COVID-19 and was placed on a ventilator. He died on January 10, 2022 from cardiac arrest at a medical center in French Camp, California at the age of 78. His health got worse after getting COVID in October and he also had bladder cancer.


title: Sundown town

text: A sundown town is a town that is or was purposely all-white. The term is widely used in the United States in areas from Ohio to Oregon and well into the South. The term came from signs that were allegedly posted stating that people of color had to leave the town by sundown. The minority people could not visit after sunset or spend the night in the town (even as a paying hotel customer). Such towns are also sometimes called “sunset towns” or “gray towns”.


title: Sundown town

text: Some towns placed signs at the town's boundary with statements similar to the one posted in Hawthorne, California, which read "Nigger, Don't Let The Sun Set On YOU In Hawthorne" in the 1930s.


title: Sundown town

text: In some cases, keeping minorities out was official town policy, through restrictive covenants written in land deeds, or by agreement between the real estate agents of the community. In others, the policy was enforced through intimidation. For example, law enforcement officers could stop all minorities found after sunset.


title: Sundown town

text: Though no one knows the number of sundown towns in the United States, the largest estimate was that the nation had several thousand. The highest proportion of confirmed sundown towns are in the state of Illinois. It is difficult to confirm sunset towns because the towns did not keep, or do not want to show, official documents stating their status as sundown towns. For example, "One Hundred Years of Progress: The Centennial History of Anna, Illinois," although more than 400 pages long, never mentions Anna's 1909 expulsion of African Americans, the sundown signs at the northern and southern city limits in 1954, or anything else about race.


title: Sundown town

text: Since the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, and especially since the Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibited racial discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing, the number of sundown towns has decreased. However, as sociologist James Loewen writes in his book on the subject, it is impossible to precisely count the number of sundown towns at any given time, because most towns have not kept records of the ordinances or signs that marked the town's sundown status. His book, "Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism", notes that hundreds of cities across America have been sundown towns at some point in their history.


title: Sundown town

text: Loewen's book mentions that sundown status meant more than just African-Americans not being able to live in these towns. Essentially any African-Americans (or sometimes other groups) who came into sundown towns after sundown were subject to harassment, threats, and violent acts—up to and including lynching.


title: Sundown town

text: In addition to the expulsion of African Americans from some small towns, Chinese Americans and other minorities were also driven out of some of the towns where they lived. Loewen says one example is that in 1870, Chinese made up one-third of the population of Idaho. Following a wave of violence and an 1886 anti-Chinese convention in Boise, almost none remained by 1910. The town of Gardnerville, Nevada, is said to have blown a whistle at 6 p.m. daily alerting Native Americans to leave by sundown.


title: Sundown town

text: James Loewen's book, "Sundown Towns" describes sundown towns. Several other books also show the existence of sundown towns. Sundown towns are mentioned in "Following the Color Line", by Ray Stannard Baker; "Free But Not Equal", by V. Jacque Voegeli; "Black Ohio and the Color Line", by David Gerber; "The Negro in Indiana", by Emma Thornbrough; "Mobile Americans: Residential and Social Mobility in Omaha", by Howard Chudacoff; "Race and Kinship in a Midwestern Town", by James DeVries; "The Sociogenesis of a Race Riot" by Roberta Senechal. Visual treatments include Robby Heason, "Trouble Behind" (Cicada Films, 1990), and Marco Williams, "Banished" (banishedthefilm.com/).


title: Syed Waliullah

text: Syed Waliullah (; August 15, 1922 – October 10, 1971) was a Bangladeshi novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. He is noted for his first novel "Lalsalu", which has been translated in English as "Tree Without Roots". He received Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1961 for his contribution in novel; and was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1984 and Bangladesh National Film Awards for best story in 2001, both by Government of Bangladesh, posthumously.


title: Syed Waliullah

text: Waliullah was born on 15 August 1922, in Sholashahar, Chittagong District. His father, Syed Ahmadullah, was a government officer. Waliullah spent his childhood in Mymensingh, Feni, Krishnanagar and Kurigram district. He passed matriculation from Kurigram High School in 1939 and IA from Dhaka College in 1941. He graduated from Ananda Mohan College in 1943. Later, he admitted to University of Calcutta but did not complete his post graduation.


title: Jury nullification

text: Jury nullification is a jury on purpose ignoring evidence or refusing to apply the law as explained in the jury instructions. A jury may feel the application of the law is unfair, unjust, or immoral in some way or may want to "send a message" about some social issue.


title: GypsyCrusader

text: Paul Nicholas Miller (born August 11, 1988) known by his online username GypsyCrusader, is an American white supremacist. He uses the social media program Telegram to show videos about his political beliefs. He calls himself an investigative journalist and calls his videos "News for Patriots, Christians and God loving Americans."


title: Pinto bean

text: Pinto beans are a type of common bean. They are the most popular bean by crop production in northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States. The beans are either eaten entirely or mashed then refried.


title: Jury nullification

text: Jury nullification is not a legal function of a jury and is not usually considered to be consistent with a jury's duty to judge a case on the facts and the law.


title: GypsyCrusader

text: Miller was convicted of making and selling drugs in 2007 and 2009. In 2021, FBI agents and Fort Lauderdale police officers arrested Miller for having a gun. In Florida, where Miller was, people who have been convicted of large crimes are not allowed to have guns. Miller said he needed a gun because he was afraid of Antifa and Black Lives Matter. Miller said he did not know he was not allowed to have a gun.


title: Pinto bean

text: Pinto beans are a nutrient-dense legume. These beans have essential nutrients. They are good sources for protein, manganese and phosphorus. The beans are high in dietary fiber and folate.


title: Jury nullification

text: It is clear that juries have the power to nullify. However, it is another question on if they have the right to nullify. Once the verdict of not guilty is returned, double jeopardy applies and so the defendant cannot be tried again. If a judge learns that a juror intends to nullify the verdict, the judge has the right to remove that juror. Typically, jurors are not told by the court that they have the power to nullify. Judges fear if they told jurors they would have jury anarchy on their hands with jurors doing whatever they please. However, jury nullification can provide valuable feedback and is sometimes useful if it is used wisely.


title: GypsyCrusader

text: The lawyer for the government, Kiran Bhat, said that Miller was dangerous because he was a white supremacist and asked the judge not to let him out on bail before his trial but instead make him stay in jail. Miller's own lawyer said that Miller's videos were only entertainment and theater and that Miller was not dangerous. The judge agreed with that.


title: Jury nullification

text: Jury nullification goes back to the beginnings of the jury system in England as established by the Magna Carta in 1215. The practice came to the United States during the colonial period. The case thought to be the precedent for jury nullification in the US is that of John Peter Zenger in 1735. He was put on trial for seditious libel. Zenger had criticized the governor in his newspaper, "The Weekly Journal". Trying everything he could to insure a guilty verdict, the governor even had Zenger's lawyers disbarred to prevent him from having legal representation. But the jury refused to convict him, going against the judge's orders.


title: Jury nullification

text: Along with a history of jury nullification in the US, there is also a history of discriminatory acquittals.


title: Jury nullification

text: An example of discriminatory acquittal is when jury nullification is used to punish female rape victims by allowing their rapists to go free. The same is true of female victims of domestic violence. The "appropriateness" of a female victim's behavior in court can a great deal to do with how a jury will act, according to studies on the subject. Another example is the 1991 case of Rodney King. King was an African-American man who was beat up by police officers on videotape. The jury acquitted the police officers of beating him up even though they watched the video in court.


title: Jury nullification

text: Jury nullification can be a way for a jury to express their own prejudice and bias. Examples include all-white juries enforcing Jim Crow laws on black defendants while letting white defendants who committed racial crimes against blacks go free. Also, it can seem unfair to allow one defendant to go free for committing the same crime while another defendant is convicted, just because one jury decided to nullify the law. This challenges the concept of equal protection under Fourteenth Amendment.


title: Jury nullification

text: In the 1895 Supreme Court decision "Sparf v. United States" the Court ruled that judges did not have an obligation to tell jurors about jury nullification. The decision did not say judges could not tell jurors about nullification or that jurors did not have that power. They only said judges were not required to tell jurors. This led to the now common practice of judges in the U.S. penalizing defense attorneys who try in any way to present a nullification argument.


title: Jury nullification

text: When a jury lets guilty people go free, it is called jury nullification. When a prosecutor decides not to charge a guilty person of a crime, it is called "prosecutorial discretion". Prosecutors are legal professionals while jury members are not. However prosecutors are also politicians and may make politically motivated decisions or may be corrupt. Judges will often instruct a jury to return a verdict based on the merits of the case and not the merits of the law. But one argument is that juries have a responsibility to decide if they think the law is wrong in a particular case.


title: Jury nullification

text: A person who overreacts when seeing someone commit a crime may be guilty of a crime themselves. For example, if a child is killed by a drunk driver and the father then kills the drunk driver, according to law the father may be guilty of murder. The same is true if a man seeing someone sexually assaulting his wife or daughter and beats the attacker to death (in many jurisdictions). A jury is made up of people who live in a community. They can decide to let someone go free if they think is it safe to do so.


title: Andrea Mitchell

text: Andrea Mitchell (born October 30, 1946) is an American journalist, news reporter and anchor for NBC News. She is the Chief Foreign Affairs Correspondent. She anchors "Andrea Mitchell Reports" on the MSNBC Network. She guest hosts "Meet the Press" and "Hardball with Chris Matthews".Mitchell was raised in a Jewish family.


title: Chenda

text: The Chanda (Malayalam: ചെണ്ട, [tʃeɳʈa]) is a cylindrical percussion instrument used widely in the state of Kerala, Tulu Nadu of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in India. In Tulu Nadu (Coastal Karnataka), it is known as "chende". It is greatly identified as a cultural element in Kerala.


title: Chenda

text: This instrument is famous for its loud and rigid sound. A Chenda has two sides, the left side called "Edamthala" (ഇടം തല)(Left Head) and the right side "Valamthala" (വലം തല)(Right Head). The "Edamthala" is made of only one/two layer of cow skin and the "Valamthala" will have a five/seven layer skin, so as to have a bass sound. The skin are dried in the shade and fastened on wooden rings (Chenda Vattam, ചെണ്ട വട്ടം) made of the trunk of a locally available palm tree (Eeranpana) or bamboo, using a gum prepared from the seed of a tree called "pananchi maram". The circular frame is kept in a vessel, boiled for an entire day and then bent in the form of circle and dried. The body of the Chenda which is 1 ft in diameter and 1.5 inches thickness is made of the soft wood of the jackfruit tree (വരിക്ക പ്ലാവ്) (Varikka Plavu). The thickness is again reduced by 0.25 inches, at simultaneous points separated by 4 inches. This is done in order to produce highly resonating sound. Only the wooden rings with the skin (Chenda Vattam) is replaced once the quality of the sound is not up to the mark. For regular Chenda artists an average of 15 rings are required every year.


title: Chenda

text: The Chenda is mainly played in Hindu temple festivals and as an accompaniment in the religious art forms of Kerala. The chenda is used as an accompaniment for Kathakali, Koodiyattam, Kannyar Kali, Theyyam and among many forms of dances and rituals in Kerala. It is also played in a dance-drama called Yakshagana (Tenku Thittu) which is popular in Tulu Nadu in Karnataka. There is a variant of this instrument used in northern school of Yakshagana called Chande. It is traditionally considered to be an "Asura Vadyam" ((demonic instrument)) which means it cannot go in harmony. Chenda is an inevitable musical instrument in all form of cultural activities in Kerala.


title: Chenda

text: In Kerala the craft of making Chenda is now associated with some few "Perumkollan" (smith) families at Peruvembu, Nemmara, Lakkidi, Vellarkad and Valappaya villages. Many famous Chenda percussionists in Kerala make their Chendas from Vellarkad village for it is famous for the quality of the instrument.


title: Navaid Aziz

text: Shaykh Navaid Aziz is an Islamic scholar and marriage counsellor based in Calgary, Canada, who is better known for saving Muslim men from radicalization.


title: United States Army trucks

text: In 1915, the US Army started testing trucks that were made to go off-road to see if they could replace horses and mules. Since then, the Army has built many different kinds of trucks or had private companies build trucks for them.


title: Samurai Deeper Kyo (video game)

text: Samurai Deeper Kyo is a fighting game released 2002 for the PlayStation and Game Boy Advance. It was released in December 12, 2002 with PlayStation in Japan. Game Boy Advance version released December 27, 2002 in Japan and February 12, 2008 in North America. It was the last game to be released for the GBA before the system’s discontinuation in North America on May 15, 2010.


title: Navaid Aziz

text: Aziz strongly opposes radicalization and terrorism. According to Calgary Herald, "Navaid Aziz says the experience with local radicals was a traumatic experience for his Mosque community. Extremism wasn’t a reality until this happened". Also, CBC News reported that Aziz briefly knew Farah Mohamed Shirdon, a jihadi who left Calgary to join The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).


title: United States Army trucks

text: Army trucks are measured by how many tons (907 kg) each cargo model can carry. The same type of truck can have different bodies. They also measure the number of wheels that are connected to the drive. Off-road trucks have all-wheel drive. Trucks with two axles are called 4x4, trucks with three axles are 6x6, and trucks with four axles are 8x8. Dual tires are counted as one wheel.


title: Samurai Deeper Kyo (video game)

text: Samurai Deeper Kyo is an Action game, developed and published by Bandai, which was released in Japan in 2002.


title: Navaid Aziz

text: Navaid Aziz organized several TV programs which raised money for charity work. In 2017, Aziz launched a campaign called "Feed Our World" to deliver food packages for the people in need.


title: United States Army trucks

text: Until the 1990s, most Army trucks had the engine in front of the cab. In the US this is called "conventional." In Great Britain, this is called "bonneted." In the 1990s, the Army changed to new types. Most new types can have an armored cab. Medium and large trucks have the cab over the engine ("COE"). The front of the cab looks flat. Most trucks in Great Britain and Europe are COE. A new large-size truck has the cab in front of the engine ("forward control"). There are two axles under the engine. Both axles steer.


title: United States Army trucks

text: The Army uses the same parts in many trucks. They also use different parts in the same truck. A truck engine, transmission, and other parts can be from different companies. Different builders can build the same trucks.


title: United States Army trucks

text: The Army still uses many old trucks. They were built very strong and can be fitted with new engines and transmissions. The Army also uses civilian trucks. Large semi-tractors with three rear axles tow tanks on trailers. Civilian medium and heavy trucks (some with armored cabs) are also used.


title: United States Army trucks

text: The Army used gasoline engines until the 1960s (in Great Britain, gasoline is called "petrol"). In the 1960s, they started switching to diesel engines. Some (multi-fuel vehicles) could use some gasoline or jet fuel mixed in with the diesel fuel. Now, the Army uses the same diesel engines as civilian trucks.


title: United States Army trucks

text: Almost all trucks have water-cooled inline 6 cylinder (I6) engines. Jeeps have inline 4 cylinder (I4) engines. Some -ton trucks have V8 engines. There are a few strange engines.


title: United States Army trucks

text: Almost all old Army trucks had manual transmissions. Now most have automatic transmissions. A transfer case is mounted behind the transmission. It sends power to the front axle. In manual transmission trucks it has a very low gear that can go very slowly on bad ground. Automatic transmission trucks do not need a low gear.


title: United States Army trucks

text: A ladder frame has two rails going front to back with smaller rails connecting the two so that it looks like a ladder. A front solid driving axle is mounted on leaf springs. Tandem (two axles together) axles are mounted differently. They have leaf springs and arms to hold the axles. Some have the spring over the axles. Some have the leaf springs below the axles. A few extra-heavy-duty models use a simple but strong walking beam type.


title: United States Army trucks

text: In 1915, the US Army started testing trucks that were made to go off-road. They wanted to know if trucks could replace horses. Trucks could carry bigger loads and were easier to take care of. A truck can run as long as it has fuel, and a good truck should not break. A horse has to be fed and rested, and can get sick. Tests showed that trucks worked better than horses. The Army started replacing all horses and mules with trucks. One of the testers, Lieutenant Dwight D. Eisenhower, later became the President of the United States and started the Interstate Highway System.


title: United States Army trucks

text: In 1914, World War I started in Europe, and the British began buying American trucks. Trucks like the "Bulldog" Mack were good, but roads in Europe were muddy and bad.


title: United States Army trucks

text: In 1915, the United States Army was chasing Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa in Texas and Mexico. 4x4 trucks built by the FWD Company and Jeffery Company were tested and passed. They were built for World War I. Each truck was also built by three other companies.


title: United States Army trucks

text: The Army liked to have more than one company building the same trucks because more trucks could be built. If one company had problems, the other companies could keep building the trucks. A standard "Liberty" truck was built by 15 different companies. But most trucks in World War I were made from many small companies and broke down.


title: United States Army trucks

text: In the 1920s, the Army built and tested a few trucks. The truck builders didn't do much. Then, in 1930, the Army built an test group of trucks. The standard fleet come in different sizes. They were strong and reliable, but only test trucks were built. The American truck builders said the Army was taking their business away. The Army had to stop building trucks. It was the Great Depression and the Army had very little money for trucks. Builders starting making test models in 1935. By 1939, more than 20 builders had made and improved test models.


title: United States Army trucks

text: In 1940, the Army wanted all new off-road trucks. They wanted , , , and 5-ton 4x4s. They also wanted , 4, 6, and -ton 6x6s. Trucks were tested and changed. Good trucks were built in large numbers. Some good trucks were built by more than one company. (6-ton trucks were built by 5 companies.) In some sizes, more than one type were built. There were 3 different -ton trucks built. Trucks were named after their builder and model. Sometimes they were named by their size and how many powered wheels they had (-ton 6x6). "M" numbers were used to name the bodies.


title: United States Army trucks

text: During World War II, the US made a large number of trucks and loaned many to other allied countries. In 1945, all truck building ended. With the war over, there were too many trucks for the Army to use. Many were left in the countries where they had been used. Jeeps and "-ton" trucks could be found all over the world. Most were used by armies, but some were sold to civilians.


title: United States Army trucks

text: After World War II, new trucks were planned. Many trucks had worked well, but there were too many types. Companies built their own types. The Army wanted types that anybody could build. They also wanted fewer types. There would be and -ton 4x4s and 2½, 5, and 10-ton 6x6s. These trucks used many of the same parts. All large trucks used the same cab. The fenders and hoods looked the same.


title: United States Army trucks

text: 1950 is when the Army began using "M" numbers to namie trucks and bodies. Every truck, with every body, has its own number. (A M35 is a cargo truck and a M36 is the same truck with a longer cargo body.)


title: United States Army trucks

text: These types didn't change much for 25 years. A new Jeep (M151) was used from 1960. The -ton changed to a civilian type -ton size. The larger trucks were fixed up but were still the 1950s types.


title: United States Army trucks

text: In 1980, the Army began using new types of trucks. They began to use letters to name truck types. Most of the trucks can be armored. Dual tires are no longer used on new trucks. On most trucks, the driver or other operator can increase or decrease the amount of air in the tire while the truck is moving. This is called "Central Tire Inflation System" (CTIS).


title: United States Army trucks

text: The smalles truck is the -ton HMMWV ("Hum-V" or "Hummer"). The Army started using Hummers 1983. It is made just for the Army. It is not a changed civilian truck.


title: United States Army trucks

text: The same European trucks are used for and 5-ton sizes. The -ton size has 2 axles (4x4) and the 5-ton size has 3 axles (6x6). Most parts are the same for both.


title: United States Army trucks

text: A new very heavy duty 10-ton 8x8 (4 axles) was built just for the Army. They have many bodies and some can be changed. Many have cranes to load cargo onto the truck.


title: Cart

text: A cart is a vehicle with two wheels and usually pulled by one horse. Other animals such as ox, cattle or donkeys are sometimes used instead of a horse. A handcart is pulled or pushed by a person.


title: Cart

text: Carts have been used for over 4,000 years around the world. Today we use the shopping cart. Shopping carts first made their appearance in Oklahoma City in 1937.


title: Serket

text: Serket was an ancient Egyptian goddess. She was shown as a scorpion. She would sting "bad" people, but she could also cure scorpion stings and other poisons, such as snake bites. Because Serket could cure snake bites, she was sometimes known as the protector from Apep, the evil snake-god.


title: Serket

text: She was shown in art as a scorpion or as a woman with a scorpion on her head. Serket did not have any temples, but she had many priests.


title: Serket

text: Many people in ancient Egypt who were bitten by poisonous animals died from the poison. Because of this, Serket was also known as a protector of the dead. She was associated with fluids that cause stiffening during embalming. This caused her to become known as a protector of embalmers' tents and of the canopic jar for the intestine ("Qebehsenuf"). The intestine's canopic jar was the one associated with poisons.


title: Serket

text: Because she was a protector of canopic jars, Serket was associated with Aset (Isis), and Nebet Het (Nephthys) and Neith. Later, Serket began to be known as Isis. Serket came to be known as a part of Isis, instead of a separate goddess.


title: Electric power distribution

text: Electric power distribution is the delivery system of electricity to places that use it, such as homes and other buildings. It is done mainly by power lines, transformers, substations and meters. The electricity comes from the power station at high voltage and is delivered at medium to low voltage levels.


title: Electric power distribution

text: In early days, electricity was distributed as direct current (DC). Alternating current (AC) was later introduced during the War of Currents. DC distribution disappeared because transformers can easily convert AC to high voltage for electric power transmission and low voltage to use at home.


title: Musical improvisation

text: Musical improvisation is when musicians play a tune which does not exist yet. They play what comes to their mind. In the case of groups of musicians, they may have agreed on a few basic rules beforehand. Generally, improvisation requires a few skills:


title: Musical improvisation

text: Musical composition is different: With composition, people first write down and arrange the music, before playing it, with improvisation they play right away.


title: Conrotatory and disrotatory

text: These terms describe two classes of an electrocyclic reaction (a type of organic chemical reactions). In a conrotatory mode, the substituents located at the ends of a conjugated double bond system move in the same (clockwise or counterclockwise) direction during ring opening or ring closure. In a disrotatory mode, they move in opposite directions.


title: Conrotatory and disrotatory

text: An example is the conversion of trans-cis-trans-2,4,6-octatriene to cis-dimethylcyclohexadiene (top of figure). The orbital mechanics of the reaction needs a disrotatory mode. The orbital symmetry of the octatriene's highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) requires for the end pi orbitals to move in opposite directions to form the correct symmetry found in the sigma bond.


title: Conrotatory and disrotatory

text: Thermal rearrangements of all conjugated systems containing 4n + 2 pi electron are stereospecific. This is based on preservation of orbital symmetry in the highest occupied molecular orbital. Systems containing 4n pi electrons show the opposite conrotatory mode. This is also true for rearrangements of 4n + 2 pi (where n is a whole number) electrons driven by light (photoinduced). Photoinduced rearrangements of 4n pi electron systems (where the number of electrons is divisible by 4) follow the disrotatory rule.


title: Hooke's law

text: This theory of elasticity says the extension of a spring is proportional to the load applied to it. Many materials obey this law as long as the load does not exceed the material's elastic limit. Materials for which Hooke's law is useful are known as linear-elastic or "Hookean" materials.


title: Snell's law

text: Snell's Law of Refraction is the scientific law of the refraction of light or other waves. In optics, Snell's law is about the speed of light in different media. The law states that when light passes through different materials (for example from air to glass) the ratio of sines of the incidence (incoming) angle and the refraction (outgoing) angle does not change:


title: Hooke's law

text: The length of a spring always changes by the same amount when it is pushed or pulled. The equation for this is:


title: Snell's law

text: With each formula_2 as the angle measured from the normal of the boundary, formula_3 as the velocity of light in the respective medium (SI units are meters per second, or m/s). formula_4 is the refractive index of the medium.


title: Hooke's law

text: This equation only works on a linear spring. A linear spring is a spring that is only being pushed or pulled in one direction, such as left or right or up or down.


title: Snell's law

text: The index of refraction of a vacuum is 1 and the velocity of light in a vacuum is formula_5. When a wave passes the material where the index of refraction is n, the velocity of the wave becomes formula_6.


title: Hooke's law

text: Examples of everyday objects that have elastic potential energy are stretched or compressed elastic bands, springs, bungee cords, car shock absorbers, etc.


title: Snell's law

text: Snell's law can be proved by Fermat's principle. Fermat's principle states that "light travels along the path which takes the least time".


title: Hooke's law

text: Elastic potential energy is the energy saved in an object that is stretched, compressed (compression is pressing objects together), twisted or bent. For example, an arrow gets the elastic potential energy from the bow. When it leaves the bow, the potential energy turns into kinetic energy.


title: Snell's law

text: The idea has a long history. The problem had the attention of Hero of Alexandria, Ptolemy, Ibn Sahl, and Huygens. Ibn Sahl actually discovered the law of refraction. In "Traité de la Lumiere", 1678, Huygens showed how Snell's law of sines could be explained by, or derived from, the wave nature of light.


title: Judith Durham

text: Judith Durham (born Judith Mavis Cock; 3 July 1943 – 5 August 2022) was an Australian singer, songwriter and musician. She became the lead singer of the Australian popular folk music group the Seekers in 1963. With the group, she performed songs such as "Georgy Girl", "I'll Never Find Another You", "The Carnival Is Over" and "A World of Our Own". In 1967, the Seekers were named Australians of the Year, the only group to be awarded this honour. Durham left the group in 1968. In 2015, she was named Victorian of the Year for services to music.


title: Judith Durham

text: Durham was born in Essendon, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. In 1969, she married British pianist Ron Edgeworth in Melbourne. Edgeworth died in 1994.


title: PEGI

text: Pan European Game Information (PEGI) is a European self-regulatory organization that assigns age and content ratings to consumer video games. The PEGI system is used in more than thirty countries. PEGI has rated more than 15,000 video games from 2003 to 2010.


title: Internal medicine

text: Internal medicine is the branch and specialty of medicine concerning the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of diseases in adults, especially of internal organs.


title: Internal medicine

text: Doctors of internal medicine, also called "internists", are required to have included in their medical schooling and postgraduate training at least three years dedicated to learning how to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases that affect adults.


title: Internal medicine

text: Internists are trained to solve puzzling diagnostic problems and handle severe chronic illnesses and situations where several different illnesses may strike at the same time.


title: Internal medicine

text: Internists can choose to focus their practice on general internal medicine, or may take additional training to "subspecialize" in one of 13 areas of internal medicine, generally organized by organ system. Cardiologists, for example, are doctors of internal medicine who subspecialize in diseases of the heart. The training an internist receives to subspecialize in a particular medical area is both broad and deep. Subspecialty training (often called a "fellowship") usually requires an additional one to three years beyond the standard three year general internal medicine residency. (Residencies come after a student has graduated from medical school.)


title: Internal medicine

text: In the United States, there are two organizations responsible for certification of subspecialists within the field, the American Board of Internal Medicine, and the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine.


title: Internal medicine

text: Internists may also specialize in allergy and immunology. The American Board of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology is a conjoint board between internal medicine and pediatrics.


title: Mass shootings in the United States

text: Mass shootings are events where there are many victims of firearm-related violence. There is no exact definition for a "mass shooting", however one definition is an act of public firearm violence—not including gang killings, domestic violence, or terrorist acts by an organization—in which a shooter kills at least four victims. With this definition, one study found that about one-third of the world's public mass shootings between 1966 and 2012 (90 of 292 events) happened in the United States. "The Washington Post" recorded 163 mass shootings in the United States between 1967 and June 2019.


title: Mass shootings in the United States

text: The United States has had more mass shootings than any other country. Shooters generally either die by suicide afterward, are arrested, killed by police officers (referred to as suicide by cop (or police), or civilians.


title: Mass shootings in the United States

text: According to a March 2022 report, over mass shootings in the last 40 years, in 52% of mass shootings in the United States the shooter was white, 16% were African American, and 8% were Latino.


title: Max Euwe

text: Machgielis "Max" Euwe (20 May 1901 in Amsterdam – 26 November 1981 in Amsterdam) was the 5th World Chess Champion, from 1935 to 1937. He was a Dutch chess grandmaster, mathematician, and author. He was not a full-time professional player; he got his PhD in pure mathematics in 1926, and worked as a school and college teacher. He was made Professor of Mathematics in 1964.


title: Max Euwe

text: Against all expectations, Max won the world chess championship in a match with Alexander Alekhine in 1935. Alekhine won the title back in a rematch two years later. After World War II, Euwe was still the best player in western Europe, and played in two world championship candidates tournaments. Max played for the world championship in 1948, in the match-tournament which decided the successor to Alekhine. He finished below Botvinnik, Smyslov, Keres and Reshevsky. Again he tried, at the Candidates' tournament in 1953, but this was also unsuccessful, though he was still a strong player.


title: Max Euwe

text: Max used his teaching skills in chess as well as mathematics. He wrote 20 chess books, most aimed at helping the club player improve. He invented a subscription correspondence course called "The Chess Archives", but known everywhere as Euwe's Archives. This gave teaching on chess openings, which were then an area of great weakness for club players. The Archives were published in Dutch, German and English, and helped to give professional help to amateur players.


title: Max Euwe

text: Euwe served as President of FIDE, the World Chess Federation, from 1970 to 1978. He tried to expand chess into more countries, a goal which has succeeded.


title: Jeff Kinney

text: Jeffrey Patrick Kinney (born February 19, 1971) is an American author and cartoonist. He is best known for the children's book series "Diary of a Wimpy Kid". He also created the child-oriented website "Poptropica".


title: Frank Gehry

text: Frank Owen Gehry (born Frank Owen Goldberg; February 28, 1929) is a Canadian-American architect who won the Pritzker Prize in 1989. He is known for his buildings such as 8 Spruce Street, Dancing House, Port Olímpic, Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall. He built buildings across the United States and across South America.


title: Frank Gehry

text: Gehry was born on February 28, 1929 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to Polish-Jewish parents. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. He stuided at Los Angeles City College and at the University of Southern California. Gehry now lives in Santa Monica, California.


title: Niort

text: Niort is a "commune" in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It is a prefecture of the Deux-Sèvres department. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Niort.


title: Niort

text: Niort is to the southwest of the Deux-Sèvres department on the left side of the Sèvre Niortaise river. The city is the main place to get into the Marais Poitevin, a large area of marshland in western France.


title: Niort

text: The climate of Niort is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.


title: Niort

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Niort is . The month with the most precipitation on average is September with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .


title: Niort

text: The average temperature for the year in Niort is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Niort

text: Niort forms, with other 3 "communes", the urban area of Niort with a population of 71,127 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Niort, formed by 76 "communes" with a population of 154,160 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .


title: Niort

text: Niort is the prefecture of the Deux-Sèvres department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Niort and the administrative centre () of three cantons:


The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international agreement to protect the rights and freedom of people with disabilities. The Convention was based on international human rights laws that were made after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was ratified.


title: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

text: The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on 13 December 2006. It has been in effect since 3 May 2008. As of April 2022, 185 countries have ratified the Convention (they have promised the United Nations they will obey the Convention). As of 23 December 2010, the European Union has collectively ratified the Convention.


text: Part of the Convention includes meetings to make sure the Convention is being followed. People with disabilities can also take part in these meetings.


text: Article 1 also says that there are many types of disabilities: physical disabilities, mental illnesses, intellectual disabilities, muteness, deafness, and blindness. According to Article 1, all of these people should be protected by the Convention.


text: Countries must forbid all discrimination because of disability. Countries must also protect all persons against discrimination.


text: Countries must understand that women and girls with disabilities suffer from double discrimination (they face discrimination both because they are disabled "and" because they are female). Countries must protect them so that they can enjoy human rights equally.


text: Countries must take action to make sure children with disabilities enjoy the same rights and freedoms as children without disabilities. In all actions about children with disabilities, the most important thing is the child's best interests what is best for the child. Children with disabilities should be able to have a say in decisions that affect them.


text: Countries must raise awareness and increase respect toward persons with disabilities. They must work to correct stereotypes and prejudice against people with disabilities.


text: Every human being has the right to live. Countries must do everything they can to make sure people with disabilities can enjoy life as fully as people without disabilities can.


text: When war, a natural disaster, or any other kind of emergency happens, countries must protect and save persons with disabilities. This is in line with international law on humanitarian aid and human rights.


text: Countries should give people with disabilities the support they need to exercise their legal rights for example, by:


text: People with disabilities have the right to access the justice and court systems just like people without disabilities. Countries must give special training on dealing with individuals with disabilities to people working in the justice system, including police and prison guards.


text: Person with disabilities has the right to access to the justice and court equally with other persons. To help this countries must do training for police and staff in prison. This Ariticle is cited with Article 12 by UN Office on Drugs and Crime.


text: People with disabilities have the right to liberty and safety. A person's freedom can never be taken away just because they have a disability. Countries must make sure people with disabilities are free and safe, even if this means making reasonable accommodations.


text: Every person with disabilities has a right to be given respect for his or her physical integrity and mental integrity, the same way people without disabilities are.


text: People with disabilities have the right to move about freely, without being restricted. They have the right to choose their nationality and where they want to live.


text: People with disabilities have the right to choose where they want to live, and who they want to live with. They cannot be forced to live in a certain place just because they are disabled. They should have supports and services to help them live independently at home and participate in their communities. Community activities should be accessible to people with disabilities. People with disabilities should not be isolated or segregated from society.


text: Countries must do any policy for persons with disabilities to get personal moving aides and support at cheap cost.


text: Countries must do all policy for person with disabilities to be able to express, to state opinion and to seek, receive and share information and ideas through Braille, sign languages and Internet.


text: Countries must protect the private life of persons with disabilities about their own health and rehabilitation information.


text: Countries must do all policy to abolish discrimination against persons with disabilities about marriage, family, adoption, being parents and relationships. Any compulsory sterilization must be prohibited.