title: Household income in the United States

text: Household income in the United States varies substantially with the age of the person who heads the household. Overall the median household income increased with the age of householder until retirement age when household income started to decline. The highest median household income was found among households headed by working baby-boomers. Households headed by persons between the ages of 45 and 54 had a median household income of $61,111 and a mean household income of $77,634. The median income per member of household for this particular group was $27,924. The highest median income per member of household was among those between the ages of 54 and 64 with $30,544. The group with the second highest median household income, were households headed by persons between the ages 35 and 44 with a median income of $56,785, followed by those in the age group between 55 and 64 with $50,400. Not surprisingly the lowest income group was mainly comprised of those households headed by individuals younger than 24, followed by those headed by persons over the age of 75. Overall households headed by persons above the age of seventy-five had a median household income of $20,467 with the median household income per member of household being $18,645. These figures support the general assumption that median household income as well as the median income per member of household peaked among those households headed by middle aged persons, increasing with the age of the householder and the size of the household until the householder reaches the age of 64. With retirement income replacing salaries and the size of the household declining, the median household income decreases as well.


title: Household income in the United States

text: Since 1967, the median household income in the United States has risen modestly, fluctuating several times. Even though personal income has risen substantially and 42% of all household now have two income earners, the median household income has increased only slightly. According to the US Census Bureau, this paradoxical set of trends is due to the changing structure of American households. For example, while the proportion of wives working year-round in married couple households with children has increased from 17% in 1967 to 39% in 1996, the proportion of such households among the general population has decreased. Thus, while married couple households with children are the most economically prosperous type of household in the United States, their share of the population has been dwindling in the United States. In 1969, more than 40% of all households consisted of a married couple with children. By 1996 only a rough quarter of US households consisted of married couples with children. As a result of these changing household demographics, median household income rose only slighly despite an ever increasing female labor force and a considerable increase in the percentage of college graduates.


title: Household income in the United States

text: Overall, the median household income rose from $33,338 in 1967 to an all-time high of $44,922 in 1999, and has since decreased slightly to $43,318. Decreases in household income are visible during each recession, while increases are visible during economic upturns. These fluctuations were felt across the income strata as the incomes of both, the 95th and 20th percentile were affected by fluctuations in the economy. Yet, it is important to note that income in the period between 1967 and 1999 grew faster among wealthier households than it did among poorer households. For example, the household income for the 80th percentile, the lower threshold for the top quintile, rose from $55,265 in 1967 to $86,867 in 2003, a 57.2% increase. The median household income rose by 30% while the income for the 20th percentile (the lower threshold for the second lowest quitile) rose by only 28% from $14,002 to $17,984. One should note that the majority of households in the top quintile had two income earners, versus zero for the lowest quintile and that the widening gap between the top and lowest quintile may largely be the reflection of changing household demographics including the addition of women to the workforce.


title: Household income in the United States

text: While per-capita, disposable income has increased 469% since 1972 it has only increased moderately when considering inflation. In 1972, disposable personal income was determined to be $4,129; $19,385 in 2005 dollars. In 2005, disposable personal income was, however, $27,640, showing a moderate 43% increase. Since 1990, household income has fallen slightly, but this does not take into account the decrease in average household size.


title: Household income in the United States

text: The median household income by state ranged from $32,589 or 26.7% below national median, in West Virginia to $57,352 or 29% above national median, in New Hampshire. Connecticut, which is often referred to as the nation's wealthiest state, came in at number four with a median household income of $55,970. California which had the highest median home price in the nation. where home prices have far outpaced incomes only ranked number thirteen with a median household income of $49,894. While California's median income was not near enough to afford the average California home or even a starter home, West Virginia, which had the nation's lowest median household income also had the nation's lowest median home price. The northeastern states, more specifically those located in New England, as well as the western states had the highest median household income. Of the top fifteen states, all were located in the Northeast and West, with the sole exception of Minnesota which ranked fifth. The southern states had the by far lowest median household income with nine out of the country's fifteen poorest states being located in the South. It should be noted, however, that New York, Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia also fell below the national median. Overall, median household income tended to be the highest in nation's most urbanized northeastern, north mid-western and western States, while rural and mostly southern states had the lowest median household income.


title: Household income in the United States

text: The median income divides households in the US evenly in the middle with half of all household earning more than the median income and half of all households earning less than the median household income. In 2004 the median household income in the United States was $43,389. According to the US Census Bureau, the median is "considerably lower than the average, and provides a more accurate representation." Considering other racial and geographical inequities in regards to household income, it should come as no surprise that the median household income varies with race, size of household and geography. The state with the highest median household income in the United States was New Hampshire with $57,352, followed by New Jersey, Maryland and Connecticut, making the Northeastern United States the wealthiest area by income in the entire country. In terms of region the median household income was as follows: "Northeast ($47,994), West ($47,680) and South ($40,773)." Median household income in the Mid-West declined by 2.8% to $44,657. The exception was the Midwest, where income declined 2.8 percent, to $44,657. While median household income has tendency to increase up to four persons per household, it declines thereon after. This indicated that while four person households have larger incomes than those with one, two or three members, household with seem to earn progressively less as their size increases beyond four persons. According to the US Census Bureau 2004 Community Survey, two-person households had a median income of $39,755, with $48,957 for three-person households, $54,338 for four-person households, $50,905 for five-person households, $45,435 for six-person households, with seven-or-more-person households having the second lowest median income of only $42,471. In terms of race, Asian-Americans households had the highest median household income of $57,518, European-American households ranked second with $48,977, Hispanic or Latino households ranked third with $34,241. African American or Black households had the lowest median household income of all races with $30,134.


title: Household income in the United States

text: Another common measurement of personal income is the mean household income. Unlike the median household income which divides all households in two halves, the mean income is the average income earned by American households. In the case of mean income, the income of all households is divided by the number of all households. The mean income is usually more affected by the relatively unequal distribution of income which tilts towards the top. As a result, the mean tends to be higher as the median income with the top earning households boosting it. Overall the mean household income in the United States according to the US Census Bureau 2004 Economic Survey was $60,528, or $17,210 (39.73%) higher than the median household income.


title: Household income in the United States

text: The mean household income for households headed by persons identifying as White alone was $65,317, $40,685 for those headed by persons identifying as African American or Black, $45,871 for those headed by persons identifying as Hispanic or Latino, and $76,747 for those households headed by persons identifying as Asian alone. Approximately one third, or 36.5%, of all households earned more than the mean income, while 63.5% earned less than the mean.


title: Ain

text: Ain is a department in the east of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is named after the river Ain. Its prefecture is Bourg-en-Bresse.


title: Ain

text: Ain is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Bourg-en-Bresse as is capital. It was formed with four former provinces: Bresse, Bugey, Dombes, Pays de Gex and part of the province of Franc-Lyonnais.


title: Ain

text: It was divided in nine districts: Pont-de-Vaux, Bourg, Nantua, Gex, Belley, Saint-Rambert, Montluel, Trévoux and Châtillon-les-Dombes.


title: Ain

text: The department was called "départment of Bresse" but in 1791 was changed to its present name: "départment de l'Ain".


title: Ain

text: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the nine districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Bourg, Belley, Nantua and Trévoux.


title: Ain

text: The department of Léman was eliminated in 1814 and Gex was again part of the department of Ain. In 1815, some "communes" of Gex are passed to Switzerland and the "arrondissement" of Gex is created.


title: Ain

text: On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Gex and Trévoux were eliminated but in 1933 Gex was made again an "arrondissement".


title: Ain

text: Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Rhône, the Ain and the Saône. The largest natural lake is the Nantua lake, with an area of .


title: Ain

text: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Château-Gaillard (Ain) is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb.


title: Ain

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Château-Gaillard is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .


title: Ain

text: The average temperature for the year in Château-Gaillard is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Ain

text: Ain is managed by the "Departmental Council of Ain" in Bourg-en-Bresse. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.


title: Ain

text: The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Ain department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Ain

text: There is not an official demonym for the inhabitants of the Ain department; people are named after the regions:


title: Ain

text: Ain had a population, in 2014, of 626,127, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse, with 354,177 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.


title: Aurelian

text: Aurelian () came from the Balkans, part of the Roman Empire. He was a soldier in the Roman army when the emperor Claudius Gothicus promoted him to high rank. When Claudius died, his army chose Aurelian as the next emperor. Aurelian overcame a number of rebellions. His armies overcame the armies of the Gallic Empire and the Palmyrene Empire (two Roman states that formed during the Crisis of the Third Century). Aurelian joined the Roman Empire into one state again, and this was the beginning of the end of the Crisis of the Third Century.


title: Aurelian

text: While he was emperor, Aurelian overcame the armies of several groups of barbarians – the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi. Aurelian increased the importance the god Sol Invictus in Roman religion and he built a temple for the god in the city of Rome. For the first time in many centuries, Rome needed a defensive wall to keep out enemies who might attack it. Aurelian's government started to build the Aurelian Walls around Rome. Aurelian's wife, Ulpia Severina, was his (empress) after summer 274. Aurelian was murdered by some of his soldiers in autumn 275.


title: Aurelian

text: The "Calendar of Philocalus" and the Greek historian John Malalas say that Aurelian was born on the 9 September 214. Aurelian was probably not from the nobility.


title: Aurelian

text: Aurelian was a soldier. He was (a general officer with a high rank) when Claudius Gothicus was emperor. Claudius Gothicus died in Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) in September 270 (or on 30 August).


title: Aurelian

text: Aurelian became emperor at Sirmium in September 270. Then Aurelian's army overcame Quintillus's army in a battle at Aquileia. (Quintillus was the emperor and the brother of Claudius Gothicus, the previous emperor.) Latin histories (the "Epitome de Caesaribus" and the work of Eutropius) say that Aurelian was emperor for five years and six months. This means that Aurelian may have started a rebellion against Claudius in February or March 270. However, this is not in the Roman histories. The Roman calendar had a festival for the anniversary of Aurelian's accession as emperor. It was on the day that Claudius Gothicus died.


title: Aurelian

text: For the first winter (270–271) of his reign, Aurelian was in Rome. Felicissimus, a "rationalis" (an official in the mint) in Rome started a rebellion in the city, possibly in this first winter. Felicissimus did not have success. In 271 Aurelian was Roman consul for the first time. That year, he undertook military campaigns against the Vandals, Juthungi, and Sarmatians. Aurelian got the name because of his victories over Germanic peoples. He was again in Rome for his second winter (271–272) as emperor. It was at this time that the Romans began to build new defensive walls around the city: the Aurelian Walls.


title: Aurelian

text: The Greek historian Zosimus wrote that at some time in 271 or 272, Aurelian overcame a rebellion by Domitianus. Zosimus also wrote that around the same time, Aurelian overcame another rebellion by Urbanus. Both Zosimus and the "Epitome de Caesaribus" write that Septimius started another rebellion in Dalmatia. Septimius's own soldiers killed him.


title: Aurelian

text: In 272, Aurelian moved to the eastern Roman Empire. He fought against the Goths in the Balkans. Aurelian got the name because of his victories over the Goths. Aurelian ordered that Roman Dacia should be evacuated, and the Romans gave him the unofficial name of . Then he moved further east and overcame Zenobia in war. Aurelian took control of Palmyra in summer 272. Because of his victories in the east – against the Persians, in Arabia, and at Palmyra – Aurelian got the names (or ); ; and . From 272, Aurelian also had the title . The writing of the Justinianic Code makes it possible that Aurelian was in Byzantium during winter 272–273.


title: Aurelian

text: In 273 Aurelian fought a war against the Carpi. His victories meant that Aurelian got the name . That year, Aurelian also fought a second campaign against the armies of Palmyra. The "Historia Augusta" (a Latin history) says that during 273, Firmus, a rich man from Seleucia Pieria, started a rebellion against Aurelian. Firmus did not say that he was the emperor. His rebellion did not have success. The Greek historian Zosimus writes that Aurelian held a triumph in Rome to celebrate his victories.


title: Aurelian

text: In 274, Aurelian was Roman consul for the second time. In the middle of 274, Aurelian overcame the armies of Tetricus. At this Tetricus's rebel Gallic Empire came to its end. The writings of Aurelius Victor say that in autumn that year Aurelian held another Roman triumph. The Romans called Aurelian . That year, probably on the 29 August 274, Aurelian's wife Ulpia Severina became "augusta" (empress). In the same year, Aurelian dedicated the new Temple of the Sun in Rome to the god Sol Invictus, possibly on 25 December, the winter solstice. Aurelian was Roman consul for the third time in 275. In 275, Aurelian set out through Gaul and passed Vindelicia on his way to the Roman lands around the Danube.


title: Aurelian

text: On his way east in September 275 (or possibly in October), soldiers in Aurelian's army killed Aurelian at Caenophrurium. Caenophrurium was a place between Perinthus and Byzantium in Roman Thracia. There may have been a "damnatio memoriae" on Aurelian: his name was removed from some inscriptions. However, the Romans later deified Aurelian (making him into a god). He got a new name in . Aurelian's wife, the "augusta" Ulpia Severina, may have been in control of the government until Marcus Claudius Tacitus became emperor.


title: Aurelian

text: Aurelian and Ulpia Severina married at an unknown date. She was the daughter of a man named Ulpius Crinitus. The "Historia Augusta" says that Aurelian and Ulpia Severina had a daughter together. After 29 August 274, Ulpia Severina became "augusta" (empress) and had the Latin title: . When Ulpia Severina died is unknown.


title: Aurelian

text: Aurelian had a sister. She is in the Latin histories (the "Historia Augusta", Eutropius, and the "Epitome de Caesaribus") but her name is unknown.


title: Blue Whale Challenge

text: The Blue Whale Challenge, also called Blue Whale game, or simply Blue whale is an internet phenomenon that started in 2016, in Russia. Over a period of 50 days, participants are assigned tasks. Each participant gets one task a day. At first, the tasks are harmless (such as: get up at 4.30am, and watch a horror movie). Later, the tasks require the participants to hurt themselves. The final task requires the player to commit suicide.


title: Blue Whale Challenge

text: When people want to quit, they are threatened. Sometimes, this includes threats to the family of the participant.


title: Blue Whale Challenge

text: The first to report on this was the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta, in 2016. It linked many suicides of children. All these children had been members of the group "F57", in the Russian social network called VK. The article claimed there were 130 suicides because of the challenge. The article was later criticized, because it made connections where none existed. None of the suicides were found to be related to the activities of the group. There were several suicides which have been linked to the challenge. So far, no link has been proven.


title: Blue Whale Challenge

text: Two girls in Irkutslk, aged 14 and 15 years committed suicide together, after solving 50 tasks. They jumped off a building. Another 14 year old threw herself in front of a train.


title: Lawrence of Arabia

text: Lawrence of Arabia is a British epic movie from 1962, based on the life of T. E. Lawrence. It stars Peter O'Toole as the title character, along with Omar Sharif and Alec Guinness. The opening scene of the movie shows Lawrence dying in a motorcycle accident. The movie then goes into a series of flashbacks (past events) from his life.


title: Lawrence of Arabia

text: The 1982 movie "Gandhi" follows the story pattern of "Lawrence of Arabia's": after the main character dies at the start, it moves into a series of flashbacks from Gandhi's life.


title: Lawrence of Arabia

text: Considered one of the greatest movies ever made, it has appeared on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list (as the number five selecion).


title: Password (game show)

text: Password is a television game show. It was hosted by Allen Ludden from October 2, 1961 to September 15, 1967 during daytime and was on primetime from January 2, 1962 to May 22, 1967 on CBS. A revival was made in 1971 and aired on ABC. The show spawned two revivals in 1979 and 1984 respectively, "Password Plus" and "Super Password".


title: Password (game show)

text: Two celebrities play with two civilians in two teams of two people each – a celebrity and a civilian. A "password" shown on the screen is given to the celebrities/civilians and they have to give the partners one-word clues to get it correctly. For example, if the password was "word", someone would give the clue "pass" and the civilian/celebrity would try to guess the password (e.g. "word"). If the password is guessed in one guess, they get 10 points. Each wrong guess removes a point (e.g. 1 wrong guess makes it 9, 2 wrong guesses makes it 8, etc.). Two word clues (e.g. "light sleeper") or "sounds" were not allowed, other wise a buzzer would sound and Allen Ludden would say "When you hear this sound it means your clue has not been accepted by our word authority (name of word authority)". The first person to get 25 points wins $250 and goes to the "Lightning Round" where they are given 60 seconds to guess 5 words worth $50. Each one correct will cost that amount and a second game is played where a new set of civilians comes in (Prior to November 1962, the civilians switched seats instead). At the end of the show, Allen Ludden would give a "password of the day" (e.g. "parties") and would make a sentence about the password (""Password" is a great game to play at "parties"") before signing off.


title: Password (game show)

text: The show was announced by Jack Clark and announced all the "passwords" on the screen. Sometimes Allen Ludden would take a vacation and Jack Clark would fill in for him and Bob Kennedy would be the announcer on those occasions.


title: Password (game show)

text: The word authority for most of the CBS run was Dr. Reason A. Goodwin. He wrote the "World Book Encyclopedia Dictionary" which was released in 1963, two years after "Password" began.


title: Password (game show)

text: In 1966 the show switched from black and white to color. On the first color show (September 12, 1966) Allen Ludden said "We're in color! Look at us-we're in color." This episode, along with many others are available on YouTube.


title: Password (game show)

text: From 1961 to 1963, the theme song was called "Holiday Jaunt". From 1963 to 1967 the theme was called "You Know The Password". In 1971 a song by Score Productions was used. In 1974 the theme song was changed to "Bicentennial Funk." "Password Plus" and "Super Password" used different themes for both versions.


title: Password (game show)

text: In 1971, the show returned on ABC. In 1974, the show changed its name to "Password All-Stars". The show was cancelled in 1975.


title: Password (game show)

text: In 1979, a revival called "Password Plus" was made. After Allen Ludden died in 1981, Tom Kennedy took over as host. "Password Plus" was cancelled in March 1982.


title: Password (game show)

text: In 1984, a new version called "Super Password" was made with Bert Convy as host. The show was cancelled in 1989.


title: Password (game show)

text: Every nighttime episode was recorded on videotape and has aired on GSN and Buzzr. All daytime episodes before September 12, 1966 (except one from January 14, 1966) is gone forever. Color daytime episodes from September 1966 to 1967 last aired on GSN in 2009 and are currently airing on Buzzr.


title: Password (game show)

text: The 1971 version is almost gone except for a few episodes. The original tapes were reused for the 1976 version of "Family Feud". These have aired on GSN in the past.


title: Password (game show)

text: In 2013, a short movie called "Subconscious Password" was made where a man forgets the name of someone he met at a party and must remember from clues given by celebrities a la "Password".


title: Personal digital assistant

text: A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer. Personal digital assistants were designed to replace non-electronic day planners. Many PDAs can work as an address book, a calculator, a clock, and a calendar. Some also have games on them. Newer PDAs are now called smartphones and have Wi-Fi, touch screens, can read e-mail, record video, play music and make phone calls.


title: Personal digital assistant

text: PDA's processor is a chip which makes the device work. PDAs can have different processors depending on their speed. If access to the Internet, GPS, or video recording are needed, the PDA needs to have a fast processor.


title: Personal digital assistant

text: PDA stores data and applications on RAM memory(Random Access Memory). It is a memory card inside the device. PDAs can also use SD (Secure Digital), SDIO and MMS cards. These are easy to remove and are called flash memory cards. USB flash drives can be used to add more memory.


title: Personal digital assistant

text: Most PDAs have touch screens. This means that the device has less buttons or has no buttons at all. Usually PDAs come with removable 'pen' (stylus) with which the screen is touched. The pen acts like a mouse for desktop PCs or like a touch pad for laptops. For other PDAs a finger is used instead of the pen.


title: Personal digital assistant

text: PDAs are powered by batteries. There are two types of batteries: removable and fixed. Older PDAs used alkaline batteries which the user would have to take out and replace when they ran out. Most new PDAs have Li-ion batteries. These batteries are rechargeable. PDAs use more battery power when playing video, accessing Internet or transferring data using Bluetooth. Large and bright screens also take more power. This makes the battery run out faster.


title: Personal digital assistant

text: A PDA can communicate with other devices, PDAs, PCs, etc. This is made with the help of infrared (IrDA) port or with Bluetooth. With this ability the devices can transfer data, download music, images, video, games, etc.


title: Personal digital assistant

text: Synchronization means having the same data on both the PDA and PC or other device. When changes are made on either the PDA or the PC, when they are synchronized, these changes made to data on one of them are also made the data on the other. The synchronization also prevents the loss of the stored information.


title: Personal digital assistant

text: Customization is adding more memory, miniature keyboards, etc. to the PDA. Customization also can be putting other software (download Internet programs) on the PDA device.


title: Idiot

text: The word "fool" is similar to "idiot", but it is not as strong. In the history of drama a "fool" was a jester: someone who made people laugh. Kings often had jesters in real life. A court jester had the job of making the king feel happy when he was sad. Jesters often pretended to be stupid, but were actually very clever. There are jesters and fools in a lot of Shakespeare’s plays.


title: Idiot

text: The word simple can also be similar to "idiot". Someone who is simple is a person who is not very clever or "streetwise". They are naïve and can easily be made to believe things because they are kind and expect everyone else to be kind as well. Such people are often called simpletons.


title: Idiot

text: Idiots or simpletons are commonly used in literature. In German literature (and in Wagner’s opera), Parsifal is described as "perfect fool" because he does not understand the evil ways of the world and is therefore completely good. That is why he can break the magic spell cast by Klingsor. The idiot often appears in Russian literature. Because the idiot is so simple he (it is always a male) is often able to express the truth which other people cannot see. Dostoevsky wrote a novel called "The Idiot". It is about a man who is simple and trusting. At the end of the opera "Boris Godunov" by Mussorgsky the crowd of poor people gather round the simpleton who is the last person to sing in the whole opera. His moans express the fact that Russia will continue to be ruled by cruel dictators and the people will remain poor.


title: Idiot

text: The word "idiot" refers to a genetically incompetent human who is mentally inert on exposure to others - may have dampened senses and mental acuity when applied to any relatively simple task from long periods spent in a dark cave: the idiot's "natural habitat". Idiots tend to be ignorant of any metal and physical deficiency within themselves, simply because they do not want to believe it exists (even though it does, and they are aware of it). Mental deficiencies of others however, are overtly proclaimed by the idiots in order for them to separate themselves from habitual human tendencies, though they succumb to them more than they intend. They make no effort to rectify these though, as they view themselves in the best possible light.


title: Ellis Island

text: Ellis Island is an island near New York City. It was used for immigrants coming from other countries to the United States from 1892 until 1954. Some immigrants to other countries, like Canada, also went through the island. It is located in Upper New York harbor, north of Liberty Island (Statue of Liberty) and east of Liberty state park.


title: Phantom of Heilbronn

text: Phantom of Heilbronn, or ""Woman Without a Face"" is the name of a suspected female serial killer. The killer is only known from DNA evidence. This evidence was present at different crime scenes in Austria, France, and Germany. The crimes were committed (or happened) between 1993 and 2009. Six of the crimes were murders. One of the murders was that of Michèle Kieswetter, a police officer. She was killed in Heilbronn on 25 April 2007.


title: Phantom of Heilbronn

text: The DNA had been found in 40 different crime scenes. There were many types of crimes committed - from burglaries to killings. In late March 2009, investigators concluded that the "Phantom" criminal did not exist. The DNA recovered at the crime scenes had already been present on the cotton swabs used for collecting DNA samples. The DNA belonged to a woman who worked at the factory where they were made.


title: Phantom of Heilbronn

text: An analysis of the mitochondrial DNA from the samples collected in Austria showed that it was most often found among people in Eastern Europe and neighboring Russia. This was not discovered in the German investigations. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA done in criminal proceedings is limited. The analysis could only determine a few other personal attributes of a suspect apart from sex. The killer existence was disputed, but is now said to be untrue.


title: Phantom of Heilbronn

text: The investigations focused on a special task force "parking lot" at the Heilbronn police department. In January 2009, the reward for clues regarding the whereabouts of the person was increased to €300,000.


title: Phantom of Heilbronn

text: The existence of the "Phantom" had been doubted earlier, but in March 2009, the case took a new turn. Investigators discovered the DNA profile on the burned body of a male asylum-seeker in France. This was an anomaly, since the profile was of a female. They subsequently came to the conclusion that the mysterious criminal did not exist. They found that the laboratory results were the due to the cotton buds used for DNA collection being contaminated. Although sterile, the swabs are not certified for human DNA collection.


title: Phantom of Heilbronn

text: The cotton swabs used by many state police departments were found to have been contaminated before shipping. It was found that the contaminated swabs all came from the same factory, which employs several Eastern European women who fit the type the DNA was assumed to match. Bavaria, although a region central to the crimes, obtained their swabs from a different factory. They had no reports of crimes committed by the Phantom.


title: Phantom of Heilbronn

text: The DNA attributed to the "Phantom" was found at the scene, as well as purportedly at the sites of the following crimes:


title: Phantom of Heilbronn

text: As a consequence of this severe case of contamination with human DNA in a series of forensic investigations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published the standard ISO 18385 in 2016. ISO 18385 defines the requirements for producing consumables free of human DNA contamination for collecting biological evidence at crime scenes. The requirement reads: "Minimizing the risk of human DNA contamination in products used to collect, store and analyse biological material for forensic purposes".


title: Shibuya Junior and Senior High School

text: Shibuya Junior and Senior High School () is a private co-ed secondary school in Shibuya Ward, Tokyo, Japan. People commonly call the school Shibu-Shibu for short. Only the junior high school accepts new students. The senior high school only accepts students coming up from the junior high school. Students go to each school for three years (for a total of six years).


title: Shibuya Junior and Senior High School

text: Shibuya Kyoiku Gakuen () is the educational institution that runs Shibuya Junior and Senior High School. Students go to the school for six years. The school is in Shibuya, Tokyo. One of the school's goals is to develop students' skills in succeeding in an international society.　The school is highly ranked as one of the top ten most competitive junior high schools in the country. Recent rankings put it at 4th place in Tokyo and 8th place nationally.


title: Buffalo, New York

text: Buffalo is a city in the U.S. state of New York. Buffalo is the second-biggest city in New York State.


title: Buffalo, New York

text: There are about 278,000 people in the city of Buffalo. There are more than a million people in the surrounding area.


title: Buffalo, New York

text: Buffalo is on the east end of Lake Erie near the Niagara River. It is close to Niagara Falls, and to Canada. Buffalo was a small village when the Erie Canal connected it to the Hudson River and New York City. It became a city.


title: Buffalo, New York

text: Buffalo has an NFL team called the Buffalo Bills (who play in the suburb of Orchard Park, NY) and an NHL team called the Buffalo Sabres.


title: Sail

text: A sail is a large piece of cloth on the top of some boats. The wind goes around the sail and makes the boat move through the water. The piece that the sail is attached to is called a mast. Some boats have many sails, and some have only one. Usually, small boats have only one sail, and bigger boats have more. Boats with sails are called "sailing boats". There are many different names for different kinds of sailing boats with different kinds of sails.


title: Sail

text: Before people made boats with engines that used coal or oil, sailing boats were an important way to travel across oceans. Now they are not so important for transport, but they are still used for recreation and competition.


title: Sail

text: High-performance yachts, in particular some catamarans such as the International C-Class Catamaran, have used or use rigid wing sails, which are said to perform better than traditional soft sails. In particular, a rigid wing sail was used by Stars and Stripes, the defender which won the 1988 America's Cup, and by USA-17, the challenger which won the 2010 America's Cup.


title: Sail

text: Most modern yachts, including bermuda rig, ketch and yawl boats, have a sail "inventory" which usually includes more than one of these types of sails. Although the mainsail is “permanently” hoisted while sailing, headsails and spinnakers can be changed depending on the particular weather conditions to allow better handling and speed.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten of Aldeburgh, OM CH (born Lowestoft, 22 November 1913; died Aldeburgh, 4 December 1976) was one of the greatest English composers of his time. He came from East Anglia (a region in the East of England) and he often thought about the East Anglian landscape and the sea when writing his music. He wrote a lot of music for his long-term partner, the tenor Peter Pears. His operas include "Peter Grimes", "Billy Budd", "A Midsummer Night’s Dream", and "Death in Venice". His "War Requiem" was performed in Coventry Cathedral in 1962 after it had been rebuilt because the old cathedral had been destroyed in the war. He wrote music for children which sounds like proper, adult music. Britten started the Aldeburgh Festival. He was an excellent pianist and conductor.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: Benjamin Britten started composing music at the age of five although he had no one to help him. When he was ten years old he took part in an amateur music festival in Norwich. A composer called Frank Bridge heard him and was so impressed that he offered to teach him composition. He helped Britten to compose using proper musical techniques. Britten started to get to know music by a lot of important modern composers including Schoenberg and Bartók. In 1930 he went to the Royal College of Music. He had excellent piano teachers but he did not learn much from his composition teacher John Ireland and most of the music he wrote was never performed. Britten was more interested in music from abroad than in English music. In 1934 he heard the opera "Wozzeck" by Alban Berg. He wanted to go to Austria to study with Berg but he was not allowed to. Meanwhile, some of his first proper compositions started to be performed. He wrote some music for movies that were being made by the General Post Office, including one about a train delivering mail. The music describes the rhythm of the train rushing along.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: While working on the movie music he met the writer W. H. Auden. He started to be interested in political ideas. These can be heard in some works he wrote at this time such as "Our Hunting Fathers" (1936) and "Ballad of Heroes" (1939). When Auden emigrated to the United States Britten followed him. With him was the tenor Peter Pears who was to become a lifelong friend and partner, and who was to be the inspiration for many songs and operas.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: Britten wrote several compositions in the USA including "Sinfonia da Requiem" (1940) and his "First String Quartet" (1941). The following year he was reading about the poet George Crabbe who came from Suffolk, the same part of England where Britten had grown up. Britten suddenly became homesick. He realized that he could not work and be himself in a foreign country. So he returned with Pears to England.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: As soon as he was on the boat sailing back to England he started work on "Ceremony of Carols". Back in England, Britten and Pears gave concerts to audiences of all kinds and took part in opera productions of Sadler's Wells Opera Company, which was having a new theatre built. On the 7 June 1945 the new theatre was opened with a performance of Britten’s opera "Peter Grimes". This opera was to make Britten into the most famous English composer of his time. It was soon being performed abroad as well as in England.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: Britten was now composing lots of music: songs, chamber music and a very popular piece called "Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra" (also known as "Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Purcell"). This piece shows off each instrument of the orchestra in turn so that young people can get to know the sound of the musical instruments. It is based on a tune written by Henry Purcell 300 years ago. There were more popular works: St Nicolas and the Spring Symphony. There were not many opportunities for big operas to be performed, so he wrote some “chamber operas” which only needed small orchestras and a small number of singers. These were performed in places such as local churches by a group which called themselves English Opera Group. He wrote "The Rape of Lucretia" (1946) and "Albert Herring" (1947). In 1948 the group helped to start a music festival in Aldeburgh. Benjamin Britten spent the rest of his life mainly working on music which was to be performed at the Aldeburgh Festival. He composed some of his greatest works for the festival, and he took part in the performances as conductor and pianist.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: One of Britten’s most popular pieces of music for amateurs including children was "Noye’s Fludde" (1957). He wrote three “church parables”. His large operas include "Billy Budd" (1951) which was soon produced in Covent Garden. In June 1953 he wrote "Gloriana", an opera about Queen Elizabeth I, written for the coronation celebrations of Elizabeth II. When he travelled with Peter Pears to the Far East he was influenced by the music of Bali and he composed a ballet called "The Prince of the Pagodas", performed in Covent Garden in 1957. Another great work inspired by the East was the parable "Curlew River" (1964). The opera "A Midsummer Night’s Dream" was written for the Aldeburgh Festival in 1960. In 1962 he wrote the "War Requiem" to celebrate the new Coventry Cathedral. This is one of the greatest musical works of the 20th century.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: In 1961 he became friends with the great Russian cellist Mstislav Rostropovich. He composed a "Cello Sonata" and a "Cello Symphony" (1963) (a kind of cello concerto), as well as three suites for solo cello. He travelled with Pears to the Soviet Union.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: In 1967 the Aldeburgh Festival had a new concert hall, the Maltings at Snape. His next opera was "Owen Wingrave" (1970), written for television but soon produced in Covent Garden. In June 1973 Britten produced another great opera "Death in Venice". The main character, called Aschenbach, was perhaps the best music he ever wrote for Peter Pears. It was performed at the Aldeburgh Festival, but Britten was ill by this time and unable to be at the performance. His heart condition made it impossible to work on any more large works, but he still wrote some harp music for the harpist Ossian Ellis, a song called "Phaedra" for Janet Baker, and a "Third String Quartet". He died in Aldeburgh on 4 December 1976.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: Britten received many honours both in Britain and in other countries. He became a Companion of Honour in 1952 a member of the Order of Merit in 1965 and, in the year he died, he was the first musician ever to receive a life peer (the title Lord Britten).


title: Benjamin Britten

text: Britten’s early works were often written for instruments. His "Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge" (1937) for string orchestra is a very popular work today. He often borrowed and reinvented themes by other composers (this is called “parody” technique). During his last years he again gave much attention to instrumental music, mainly chamber music.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: After he met Peter Pears much of his music was vocal. This includes more than 100 songs, a number of operas, chamber operas as well as three works for tenor solo and orchestra: "Les Illuminations", the "Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings" and the "Nocturne". His songs are often grouped in cycles. He also wrote many folksong settings. These were very popular as encore pieces when he accompanied Peter Pears in song recitals.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: Britten wrote music for choirs, including "Hymn to St Cecilia" (Britten was proud of having been born on St Cecilia’s day: 22 November). The "War Requiem" is his greatest work which combines writing for choir and orchestra. It describes the horrors of war (Britten had refused to fight in World War II).


title: Benjamin Britten

text: He wrote a lot of work for children. There are even parts for children in some of his operas, e.g. "Peter Grimes", "The Turn of the Screw" and "Owen Wingrave". He even wrote an opera in which all the main parts are sung by children: "The Little Sweep" (1949).


title: Benjamin Britten

text: Many of his great operatic roles, from Peter Grimes to Aschenbach in "Death in Venice", deal with the theme of the outsider, the person who does not quite fit into society, or who is misunderstood. Britten’s homosexuality (which was something that was never discussed in his lifetime) may have something to do with this. He also knew what it was like to be an outsider when he tried to live in the United States, and his refusal to fight in the war may have distanced him from some people.


title: Benjamin Britten

text: The Aldeburgh Festival at the Maltings in Snape (a village near Aldeburgh) continue to be a focus for Britten’s music. Every year the Brittens-Pears School of Music organizes lessons and performance opportunities for young musicians. A series of “Prom” concerts is held there every year in August.


title: Elizabeth Hurley

text: Elizabeth Jane Hurley (born 10 June 1965) is a British actress and model. She was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire. She played Vanessa Kensington in "" and "". She played the Devil in "Bedazzled". She currently owns her own beachwear line. Hurley has been with the cosmetics company Estée Lauder for over 15 years. They gave Hurley her first modelling job at the age of 29.


title: Cantinflas

text: Mario Fortino Alfonso Moreno Reyes (12 August 1911 – 20 April 1993), known by the stage name Cantinflas (), was a Mexican comedian and stage and movie actor. He often played poor peasants. He became associated with Mexico, and had a long, successful movie career, including some time in Hollywood. Charlie Chaplin once said that Moreno was the best comedian alive, and Moreno has been called the "Charlie Chaplin of Mexico". To audiences in the United States, he is best remembered as costarring with David Niven in "Around the World in 80 Days" (1956).


title: Mariner 2

text: Mariner 2 was a NASA spacecraft. It was the second spacecraft in the Mariner program. Mariner 2 was the first successful mission from Earth to another planet.


title: Cantinflas

text: Moreno also was involved in Mexico's labor politics, which were often dangerous. Although he was a political conservative, his reputation as somebody who spoke for the poor made him seem real, and became important in the early struggle against charrismo, the one-party government's practice of taking over unions.


title: Mariner 2

text: Mariner 2 was launched on August 27, 1962 aboard an Atlas-Agena B rocket at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The aim of the Mariner 2 mission was to fly-by the planet Venus and return information on the planet's atmosphere, magnetic field, charged particle environment, and mass. Mariner 2 was at its closest to Venus, at a distance of 34,773 km, on December 14, 1962. Orbital perihelion was on December 27, 105,464,560 km away. The last radio signal from Mariner 2 was received on January 3, 1963. Mariner 2 is still orbiting around the Sun today.


title: Mariner 2

text: The spacecraft's design was exactly the same as that of Mariner 1. Mariner 1 was the first spacecraft in the Mariner program, but it had to be destroyed shortly after launch because its trajectory was wrong.


title: Mariner 2

text: The spacecraft found out that the surface temperature on Venus was at least 425 °C (797 °F), on both the day and night sides. It discovered that Venus rotates in the opposite direction from most planets in the Solar System. The spacecraft also found that the atmosphere of Venus is mostly of carbon dioxide and that there is a very high pressure at the planet's surface. Continuous cloud cover was detected but no magnetic field was, however. It also found that solar wind is continuous and that the density of cosmic dust between planets is much lower than it is near Earth.


title: United States Census

text: The United States Census is a census done in the United States every ten years. It is required by the United States Constitution which calls for a decennial census done in years ending in "0" since 1790. It is actually two census counts taken concurrently (at the same time). The first is the census of the population, taken from 1790 to the present. The second is the census of housing, which counts the number of residential housing units, and was taken from 1940 to the present. Among other uses, the count is used to determine how many places in the House of Representatives each state has. It also determines how much government money is spent in different locations.


title: United States Census

text: The United States Census Bureau is responsible for the United States Census. The first census after the American Revolution was in 1790. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson was responsible for this first census.


title: Leap year starting on Saturday

text: This article describes any leap year starting on Saturday. Examples include 1944, 1972, 2000, 2028, 2056, and 2084 in the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most of the world. All end of century leap years (leap years divisible by 400) start on a Saturday. The most recent such year was 2000 and the next such year will be 2400.


title: Leap year starting on Saturday

text: This leap year is one of three leap years with only one Friday the 13th, the others being Leap years starting on Tuesday and Leap year starting on Friday. The one Friday the 13th in this leap year is in October. This characteristic is shared with Common Years Starting on Sunday but also have another one in January.


title: Leap year starting on Saturday

text: In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 17, Valentine’s Day is on a Monday, Presidents Day is on its latest possible date, February 21, the leap day, February 29, is on a Tuesday, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Friday, Mother’s Day is on its latest possible date, May 14, Memorial Day is on May 29, Father’s Day is on June 18, Independence Day is on a Tuesday, Labor Day is on September 4, Columbus Day is on October 9, Halloween is on a Tuesday, Veterans Day is on a Saturday, Thanksgiving is on November 23, and Christmas is on a Monday.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: The Bangladesh Army (, "Bangladesh Senabahini") is the land force and the largest armed services of Bangladesh Armed Forces.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: The martial tradition of Bengal has its roots in the army of Kings and their chiefs who were called Senapati or Mahasenapati. Armies were composed of infantry, cavalry, war elephants and war boats. The arrival of Muslims and the establishment of the Bengal Sultanate further strengthened the military. The sultanate had well organised disciplined armies. During Mughal rule cannons and artillery were introduced to Bengal. During the Colonial Rule of the British, Bengal was principally a bulwark of British power and trade in the South Asian region. The British under Robert Clive defeated a 50,000 strong Bengal Army of Nawab Siraj-ud-daullah in the Palashi(Plassey) in 1757 and later the forces of Nawab Mir Qasim at the Battle of Buxar in 1764. The Army of Bengal was formed, which later became part of a united British Indian Army from 1895 to 1947. The eastern part of the British India was a prominent place for military and police recruitment, with entire horse-mounted cavalry and lancer units being recruited there prior to the Bengal Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. Post-mutiny, units with the epithet "Bengal" in their name, such as Bengal Sappers and Bengal Cavalry, were largely recruited from non-Bengali peoples from Bihar, Varanasi and Uttar Pradesh which were technically still part of Bengal Presidency at that time. During the First World War, the Bangali Paltan was formed to recruit soldiers from Bengal. In 1916, the British Government created Bengali Double Company. The soldiers were trained in Karachi and shipped to the Bagdad. They fought in the war and after the war helped crush a rebellion by Kurds in 1919.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: During the Second World War, British Armed Forces Eastern Command created an auxiliary force who were part engineers and part infantry named as Indian Pioneer Corps. Most of the soldiers were recruited from both West and East Bengal. This force assisted the main war effort by building roads, airfields, fortifications and, when needed, fought the Japanese in an infantry role. This force was organised in company groups attached to various regiments of Indian Army in direct support role. Captain Abdul Gani was a Company Commander in the Burma front and led his troops in battle. After the war these Pioneer Troops were concentrated in Jalna, India, waiting to be demobilised and return home. In 1946 Captain Ghani the then Adjutant and Quartermaster of Indian Pioneer Corps Centre at Jalna envisioned and generated the idea of forming an Infantry regiment out of the Pioneer soldiers from East Bengal who would be returning home demobilised, to the Centre Commander. After receiving permission from the Chief of Staff of Pakistan Army General Sir Frank Messervy, he organised his men to form the nucleus of an Infantry Regiment, the Bangali Paltan (Platoon).


title: Bangladesh Army

text: At the time of the creation of Pakistan Ghani got the approval of the then newly appointed Commander in Chief to Pakistan Army General Messervey to form the East Bengal Regiment composed solely of youths from East Bengal, would be East Pakistan. On 17 August 1947 General Messervey while bidding farewell with two Pioneer Companies and was temporarily located in Pilkhana now the Headquarters of Border Guards Bangladesh.Later told by the administration to find a suitable place to accommodate the soldiers. It moved to the north of the Capital and found Kurmitola as the perfect place for a cantonment. Toiling day in and day out the barracks were constructed and jungles cleared, parade ground prepared.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: On 15 February 1948 the flag of First East Bengal Regiment the pioneer of Bangladesh Army was raised with Captain Ghani on the lead of all the affairs though the first commanding officer was British Lt Col V J E Patterson. and Officer Commanding was Major Abdul Waheed Chowdhury senior most WWII vetaren British Indian Army Officer a bengali origine commander raised and commanded the regiment and lift it to the 1st Batalion of East Bengal Regiment in september 1948 A.D. inugurated by the Governer General of Pakistan Muhammed Ali Jinnah after the raising of the first battalion the second battalion was approved Captain Gani began to recruit the personnel for the regiment. On 7 February 1949, the flag of the Second East Bengal was raised with the newly recruited soldiers and from personnel from First East Bengal. Before the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, a total of 8 battalions of the East Bengal Regiment were formed.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: In 1970 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman lead Bangladesh Awami League to win the General Elections of Pakistan. The Pakistan Army which was then in power refused to handover power and unrest broke out. On 25 March 1971 Pakistan Armed Forces cracked down on the civilian population of East Pakistan through the start of Operation Searchlight and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared the independence of Bangladesh. The Pakistan Army and allied paramilitaries killed hundreds of thousands of civilians and uniformed personnel. As a result, in March 1971, Bengali soldiers in East Pakistan revolted and the Bangladesh Liberation War started. There was a Bangladesh Army Sector Commanders Conference during 11–17 July 1971. The conference was held three months after the oath of the newly formed Bangladesh Government at Meherpur, Kushtia. During this conference, the structure and formation as well as resolving issues surrounding the organisation of the various sectors, strategy and reinforcements of the Bangladeshi forces was determined. It was of considerable historical importance from a tactical point of view, as it determined the command structure of the Bangladeshi forces throughout Bangladesh Liberation War.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: This conference was presided over by the Bangladesh interim government in exile, headed by then Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed and Colonel (Retd.) M. A. G. Osmani was made the chairman of the "Joint Chiefs of Staff" of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. M. A. G. Osmani was reinstated into active duty from his retirement. Principal participants of this conference included: Squadron Leader M. Hamidullah Khan, Major Ziaur Rahman, Major Abdul Jalil, Captain ATM Haider, Lt. Col. MA Rab and Major Khaled Mosharraf.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: As a result of this meeting, Bangladesh was divided into eleven sectors. These sectors were placed under the control of Sector Commanders, who would direct the guerilla war against Pakistani occupation forces. For better efficiency in military operations each of the sectors were also divided into a number of sub-sectors. As a point of note, the 10th Sector was under direct command of the Commander-in-Chief and included the Naval Commando Unit as a C-in-C's special force.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: Following the conference a period of prolonged guerrilla warfare was launched by Bangladesh Forces, which continued for a number of months. A further restructuring was undertaken and the Bangladesh Forces were organised into three brigade size combat groups:


title: Bangladesh Army

text: During the sensitive and formative years after the end of the war, personnel of the Mukti Bahini were absorbed into different branches of Bangladesh Army. In 1974 Bangladeshi soldiers and officers repatriated from Pakistan after the Bangladesh Liberation war were absorbed into Bangladesh Army.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: During the 1972-73 tenure, engineers, signals, army services, ordnance, military police, remount veterinary and farm and medical corps was established in Bangladesh Army. Bangladesh military academy was established in Cumilla cantonment in 1974. On 11 January 1975, the passing out parade of the first Bangladesh Army short course took place. In 1975 the President Guard Regiment (PGR) was established.


title: Bangladesh Army

text: There were suspicion among the army personnel of the formation of the paramilitary Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini and the addition of civilian Mukti Bahini members in it. These suspicions and misconceptions laid the foundation and formed the bedrock of disputes between professional army officers and the ruling administration which led to a very bloody chapter in the history of newly independent Bangladesh.


title: Zac Efron

text: Zachary David Alexander "Zac" Efron (18 October 1987) is an American actor and singer. He is most famous for his role in the "High School Musical" series. Other movies including "17 Again" and "Charlie St. Cloud".


title: Zac Efron

text: His mother, Starla Baskett, is a former secretary and his father, David is engineer. He is the older of two sons. He has a little brother, Dylan. He was dating Vanessa Hudgens.


title: Kirsten Dunst

text: Kirsten Caroline Dunst (born April 30, 1982) is a German-American actress, famous for her roles in "", "The Virgin Suicides", "Marie Antoinette", and "Bring It On", as well as Mary Jane-Watson in the "Spider-Man" movie series. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for being the main heroine of many films. In 2022, she was nominated for an Academy Award for her role as Rose Gordon in "The Power of the Dog".


title: Last Supper

text: The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The Apostle Paul tells of this supper in his first letter to the Corinthians. The Synoptic Gospels all tell of Jesus using the bread and wine as symbols of his body and blood. the Gospel of John does not include those details but tells of Jesus washing the feet of the disciples. This has led to some Christian groups having a ritual of foot washing as a sign of humility.


title: Last Supper

text: The Last Supper is commemorated by Christians especially on Maundy Thursday. The Last Supper provides the purpose for Eucharist, also known as "Holy Communion" or "The Lord's Supper".


title: Incense

text: Incense is a fuel that is burned to make a smell. It can be used for many purposes, for example, during rituals in some religions. Incense can be used to make a place smell better or to help improve mood.


title: Incense

text: In Judaism, instructions for the use of incense were given in Exodus. (E.g. Exodus 30:1). In Christianity, Christ is given myrrh and frankincense by the wise men. (Gospel of Matthew 2:11)


title: Red Forest

text: The Red Forest (, ) is in the area around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The forest is the trees in the 10 km² around the damaged nuclear reactor. The name "Red Forest" comes from color of the pine trees that died after taking in high levels of radiation from the Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986. The trees became reddish-brown. People took down the trees and buried them in 'waste graveyards' while cleaning up after the disaster. The Red Forest is one of the areas in the world today with the most radioactivity.


title: Microsoft FrontPage

text: Microsoft FrontPage (Full name: Microsoft Office FrontPage) is a program made by Microsoft to help people make webpages and full websites. It was one of Microsoft Office programs until 2003.


title: Microsoft FrontPage

text: A freeware version was also included in earlier releases of Internet Explorer. It was called FrontPage Express. It was a useful web editor without costing as much as professional software. FrontPage express is compatible with Windows XP and some other versions of Windows. FrontPage Express downloads are still available online from third-party hosts, such as stormthecastle.com.


title: Microsoft FrontPage

text: FrontPage is a WYSIWYG, "What You See Is What You Get", Web Editor. All versions of FrontPage are still in use by web developers all over the globe.


title: Microsoft FrontPage

text: The 2003 version is the last installment to the series. It was discontinued in 2006, being replaced by Microsoft Expression Web and Microsoft Office SharePoint Designer.


title: Microsoft FrontPage

text: The first version of the app was made by Vermeer Technologies in 2005, before its acquisition by Microsoft.


title: Want

text: A want is a wish or a desire for something. If a person would like to have something, but can choose not to have it, that thing is wanted or can be called a want. To want is not the same as to need, which is when someone "must" have something.


title: Want

text: People often talk about needing a thing, when they really just want it. Wants can be for the same things as needs. For example, a person can "need" to eat food and can "want" to eat cake. If there is no cake then he or she may have to eat something else, perhaps bread. The need is no longer so important (the person is no longer hungry) although the want may still be there. If there is cake, then the person's needs and wants can both be met.


title: Want

text: In economics, a want is about goods or services. Choice is how to satisfy a want, when there are different ways to do this.


title: Want

text: Want can also be the idea of what it means to be poor, hungry or with no money. Charles Dickens wrote a famous book called "A Christmas Carol" in which there are two children, named Want and Ignorance.


title: West India

text: Western India is a region of the Republic of India, it includes the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, and the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.


title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: The Vice President of the Philippines is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President.


title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. The current office of the Vice President was re-established under the 1987 Constitution.


title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: Sara Duterte from Davao City assumed the office on June 30, 2022 as the 15th and current vice president.


title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: The official title of the office in Filipino is "Pangalawang Pangulo," although "Bise Presidente," derived from Spanish, is the usual title used in some of the major Philippine languages, such as Cebuano and Hiligaynon language.


title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: Article 7, Section 3 of the Constitution mandates that the Vice President must bear the same qualifications as the President which means he must be:


title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: There has been four cases where the Vice President has assumed the Presidency, three of which because of the President's death, and one because of the President's resignation:


title: Shake It Up (Indian TV show)

text: Shake It Up is an Indian sitcom that aired on Disney Channel India in 2013. The series premiered from March 30, 2013 to November 11, 2013 on that channel. It is an Indian adaptation of the 2010–2013 American television series of the "same name". The series was created by Chris Thompson.


title: Shake It Up (Indian TV show)

text: It revolves around the misadventures of best friends Neeladri (who is nicknamed Neel) Walia and Yashpal (who is nicknamed Yash) Mehta, two confident and energetic 13-year-old boys who are skilled dancers and are on the threshold of taking their steps into the world of professional dancing. The two boys are played by Sparsh Shrivastav and Ojas Godatwar.


title: Sportsmanship

text: Sportsmanship is traditional value in sports and competition. It means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity.


title: Sportsmanship

text: The ideal of sportsmanship argues that "it doesn't matter whether you win or lose, but how you play the game".


title: Sportsmanship

text: In the context of the Olympic Games, athletes are expected to do their best. Otherwise, they would go against the Olympic motto of "Faster, Higher, Stronger".


title: Michael Dunn (actor)

text: Michael Dunn (born Gary Neil Miller, October 20, 1934 – August 30, 1973) was an American actor and singer. He played Dr. Loveless in "The Wild Wild West" (1968).


title: Michael Dunn (actor)

text: Dunn died at a hotel room in London on August 30, 1973 from respiratory failure caused by heart and lung disease, aged 38.


title: Moab

text: Moab (not to be confused with Moab, the city in Utah) is the historical name for an area of land in Jordan. The mountainous land covers the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. In ancient times, it was the Kingdom of Möab. There have been many archaeological findings that have helped reconstruct its history. It is also described in the Old Testament of the Bible. According to Genesis (19:37), it was inhabited by the children of Moab, a grandson of Lot. The Moabites were often at war with its neighbours to the west, the Israelites.


title: Moab

text: A well-known Moabite is Ruth. According to the Biblical Book of Ruth, she married an Israelite man and became the greatgrandmother of king David.


title: Damping

text: In mechanics, the internal friction may be one of the causes of such damping effect. For many purposes the damping force F can be modeled as being proportional to the velocity v of the object:


title: Eureka (word)

text: Eureka is a Greek word meaning "I have found it". It is often used excitedly when there is a sudden discovery. It is the state motto of California.


title: June Carter Cash

text: Valerie June Carter Cash (June 23, 1929 - May 15, 2003) was an American singer, actress, and dancer. She was the second wife of singer Johnny Cash. She and Johnny had many hit records in their careers. She died due to complications of surgery. Her widower, Johnny, died four months after her. She was the cousin of President of the United States Jimmy Carter.


title: June Carter Cash

text: June Carter Cash was born Valerie June Carter in Maces Spring, Virginia, to Maybelle Carter and Ezra Carter. She was born into country music and performed with the Carter Family from the age of ten, beginning in 1939. June and her sisters, with mother Maybelle and aunt Sara joining in from time to time, reclaimed the name "The Carter Family" for their act during the 1960s and 1970s.


title: June Carter Cash

text: Carter was married three times and had one child with each husband. All three of her children would go on to have successful careers in country music. Her last marriage was to Johnny Cash. In 1968, Cash proposed to Carter during a live performance at the London Ice House in London, Ontario, Canada. They married on March 1 in Franklin, Kentucky, and remained married until her death in May 2003, just four months before Cash died. The couple's son, John Carter Cash, is a musician, songwriter and producer.


title: June Carter Cash

text: June Carter Cash died in Nashville, Tennessee, on May 15, 2003, of complications following heart-valve replacement surgery, in the company of her family and her husband of 35 years, Johnny Cash.


title: Ambiguity

text: Ambiguity means that what a thing is, is not clear. Literally, the word refers to a choice between two different things. In the proper sense it should mean “two different meanings” because “ambi” comes from the Greek word for “two”.


title: Ambiguity

text: We see things happen, and then we decide what they mean. If we cannot decide what is going on, the event is ambiguous. This is an extension of the original use of the word.


title: Ambiguity

text: Words or sentences that are ambiguous can lead to misunderstandings (people get the wrong meaning). This can sometimes be serious, but it can also be funny. Jokes often rely on ambiguity.


title: Ambiguity

text: The British comedian Ronnie Barker said that he loved the English language because there are so many jokes you can make using ambiguity. He gave this example:


title: Ambiguity

text: A mother says to her little boy: “Johnny, go over the road and see how old Mrs Jones is”. The boy comes back and says to his mother: “Mrs Jones says it is none of my business”.


title: Ambiguity

text: The mother meant “old” in a friendly way (“dear old Mrs Jones”), but the sentence could also mean: find out Mrs Jones’s age. This is obviously how Johnny understood his mother's instruction.


title: Ambiguity

text: The opposite of ambiguous is unambiguous (meaning that something is perfectly clear and can only have one meaning).


title: Ambiguity

text: Ambiguity is not the same as vagueness, which means that there is so little detail given that a statement can mean almost anything.


title: Tito Sotto

text: Vicente "Tito" Castelo Sotto III (born August 24, 1948) is an actor, TV host and a politician in the Philippines.


title: Tito Sotto

text: Sotto was vice mayor of Quezon City, Philippines from 1988 to 1992. He was also in the Philippines' Senate for two terms from 1992 to 2004. In 2010, he was reelected in the Senate.


title: Tito Sotto

text: On May 21, 2018, he became the 29th President of the Senate of the Philippines, replacing Koko Pimentel.


title: Tito Sotto

text: Sotto was born on 24 August 1948. His parents were Marcelino Ojeda Sotto and Dr. Herminia Castelo Sotto. He studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Intramuros, Manila. He earned there a Bachelor of Arts degree majoring in English.


title: Surjit Singh Barnala

text: Surjit Singh Barnala (21 October 1925 – 14 January 2017) was an Indian politician. He was Chief Minister of Punjab from 29 September 1985 to 11 June 1987. He was also the Governor of Tamil Nadu from 3 November 2004 to 31 August 2011, as well as Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He was a member of the Shiromani Akali Dal party.


title: Surjit Singh Barnala

text: Barnala was born in Ateli, Punjab (Haryana) to a Sikh family. He married to Surjit Kaur Barnala. They had a daughter and two sons.


title: Gourd

text: Gourds are from the pumpkin family. They are about 15 to 12 inches long. Gourds are mostly found in the United States or in Mexico. Their shape is like a squash. Their color is orange, brown, or green. It is eaten in curries, spaghetti, tacos, and salad.


title: Lying in state

text: Lying in state is the tradition in which a coffin is placed on view to allow the public at large to pay their respects to the dead. It traditionally takes place in the principal government building of a country or city.


title: Lying in state

text: It is usually practiced in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, North Korea, South Africa, and Russia. Lying in state takes place during a state funeral.


title: Rachel Levine

text: Rachel Leland Levine (; born October 28, 1957) is an American pediatrician, politician and four-star admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC). Levine is the 17th and current Assistant Secretary for Health since 2021. She was Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health from 2017 to 2021 during the Tom Wolf administration.


title: Rachel Levine

text: She is a professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at the Penn State College of Medicine. She was the Pennsylvania physician general from 2015 to 2017.


title: Rachel Levine

text: On February 13, 2021, President Joe Biden formally nominated Levine to be Assistant Secretary for Health. On March 24, 2021, she was confirmed by the Senate as Assistant Secretary for Health. She is one of only a few openly transgender government officials in the United States, and was the first to hold an office that requires Senate confirmation. She was sworn-in on March 26, 2021.


title: Rachel Levine

text: On October 19, 2021, Levine became the first openly transgender four-star officer in the nation's eight uniformed services with her commission as a four-star admiral in the United States Public Health Service. She is the first female PHSCC four-star admiral.


title: Paralegal

text: A paralegal is the professional of legal science that performs as part of a legal assistance system. Paralegals know the law, and they use their knowledge to help people who are charged with a crime, people who want to charge someone with a crime, people who want to sue someone, and people who are being sued. Paralegals are similar to lawyers, but not as educated in the law. They sometimes only do what lawyers ask them to do, but can sometimes work alone.


title: Paralegal

text: Some companies hire paralegals instead of lawyers, because they are less expensive to hire. Paralegals go to school for a shorter amount of time than lawyers do, and they do not make as much money.


title: Paralegal

text: Most paralegals go to school for two to four years. They learn about different kinds of law, such as business law, criminal law, and civil law. They also learn how to work with lawyers, how to create contracts and other official agreements, and how to do research well.


title: Paralegal

text: Paralegals normally make around $48,000 a year. They can make as little as $35,000 a year, or as much as $60,000 a year.


title: 30 (number)

text: 30 (also written as thirty or three ten) is a number. It is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, and 30. It is a composite number. It is the number between 29 and 31. In roman numerals in is XXX.


title: Thomas More

text: Sir Thomas More or Saint Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), was an English writer, lawyer, and statesman. He held many important jobs including Speaker of the House of Commons, Lord Chancellor and advisor to the King Henry VIII. He also invented the word "utopia", which means: "an ideal place to live". This is described in the book he wrote called "Utopia".


title: Thomas More

text: When King Henry left the Roman Catholic Church because the Pope would not give him a divorce from his first wife, he started The Church of England. More was a devout Catholic, so he did not accept the King as head of the Church. Because of this, he was arrested and executed for treason. He was thought of as a martyr and made a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1935. His feast day is on 22 June and he is the patron of lawyers and politicians. A play and movie called A Man For All Seasons is based on his life.


title: Nina Dobrev

text: Nina Dobrev (born on January 9, 1989 in Sofia, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian-Canadian actress. She is best known for playing the role of Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce on the dramatic television series, "The Vampire Diaries".


title: Nina Dobrev

text: Nina Dobrev was born on January 9, 1989 in Sofia, Bulgaria to Bulgarian parents. her father is a computer scientist, and her mother is an artist. Her family moved to Canada when she was two years old. She was raised in Toronto, Ontario. Was 20 years old when she started her first show


title: Saif Ali Khan

text: Saif Ali Khan is a well-known actor in India. He was born on 16 August 1970. He was born to Sharmila Tagore, great-grandniece of Rabindranath Tagore.


title: Sellapan Ramanathan

text: Sellapan Ramanathan (Tamil: செல்லப்பன் ராமநாதன்; (July 3, 1924 – August 22, 2016) was the sixth President of the Republic of Singapore. Often referred to as S. R. Nathan, he became president on September 1, 1999.


title: Sellapan Ramanathan

text: Nathan was an Indian Singaporean; his childhood was spent with his two older brothers and parents, V. Sellapan and Apiram, in Muar, Johor, in a house near the sea.


title: Sellapan Ramanathan

text: By then the young Nathan had returned to where he was born, Singapore, to live with an uncle, and received his early education in several Anglo-Chinese Schools, such as the Rangoon Road Afternoon School, and later Victoria School. He started working before completing his studies. During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, Nathan worked for the Japanese civilian police as a translator. After the war, while working, he completed his secondary education through self-study, and entered the University of Malaya (then in Singapore) where he graduated in 1954 with a Diploma in Social Studies (Distinction).


title: Sellapan Ramanathan

text: His nomination was strongly supported by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew (then holding the post of Senior Minister). He succeeded the 5th President of Singapore Ong Teng Cheong and was sworn in on September 1, 1999.


title: Sellapan Ramanathan

text: On 12 July 2005 Nathan announced that he was seeking re-election as President. He applied to the Presidential Elections Committee; by 6 August 2005 three more people had also submitted forms, but on 13 August the Committee said that the other three applicants had been rejected as unsuitable. Nathan became the president of Singapore on 17 August. He became president for the second time on 1 September 2005.


title: Sellapan Ramanathan

text: His term ends on 31 August 2011, after which a new President must be elected. He was replaced by Tony Tan Keng Yam after the 2011 Presidential Elections in Singapore.


title: Sellapan Ramanathan

text: Nathan, a Hindu, was married to Urmila (Umi) Nandey and had a daughter, a son, and three grandchildren.


title: Sellapan Ramanathan

text: Nathan suffered a stroke on the morning of July 31, 2016 and was taken to Singapore General Hospital's Intensive Care Unit. He died in hospital on August 22, 2016 at 9:48 pm SST, aged 92. He was survived by his wife Urmila Nandey (known as Umi), their daughter Juthika and son Osith, three grandchildren, and his sister Sundari.


title: Mad World

text: "Mad World" is a new wave song by British band Tears for Fears. It was first released in September 1982. It then appeared on the band's first studio album "The Hurting" (1983). The song reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart in November 1982.


title: Mad World

text: "Mad World" was also famously covered by Michael Andrews and Gary Jules. This version was made for the soundtrack of the movie "Donnie Darko" (2001).


title: Dnipro

text: Dnipro (, , Dnepr), called Dnipropetrovsk until May 2016 ( ; Dnepropetrovsk) is a city in Ukraine and is the third largest city in Ukraine. About 1 million people live there. It lies southeast of Ukraine's capital city, Kyiv. It was founded in 1776. Dnipro enjoys a borderline semi-arid/Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification "BSh/Csa"), with relativity mild temperatures and plentiful sunshine year-round.


title: Dnipro

text: Dnipro is one of the key places for the nuclear, arms and space industries of the former Soviet Union.


title: Physical geography

text: Physical geography is one of the two major subfields of geography. Physical geography is related to geology, because it is about the processes and patterns in the natural environment. Some of the things this includes are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, landforms and terrain. Physical geography influences what people do. For example, few live in deserts, and many live in cities near a big river.


title: Aerosol

text: An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas. Examples are smoke, oceanic haze, air pollution, smog and CS gas. When they say "aerosol" most people mean an aerosol spray can or the spray it makes.


title: Aerosol

text: To differentiate suspensions from true solutions, the term sol evolved—originally meant to cover dispersions of tiny (sub-microscopic) particles in a liquid. With studies of dispersions in air, the term aerosol evolved and now embraces both liquid droplets, solid particles, and combinations of these.


title: Luminosity

text: Stars and other objects emit energy in the form of radiation. It is measured in joules per second, which are equal to watts. A watt is one unit of power. Just as a light bulb is measured in watts, the Sun can also be measured in watts. The sun gives off . This amount of power is known as 1 sol, the symbol for which is formula_1.


title: Luminosity

text: There are other ways to describe luminosity. The most common is apparent magnitude, which is how bright an object looks to an observer on Earth. It only applies to light, that is, visible wavelengths. Apparent magnitude is contrasted with absolute magnitude, which is an object's "intrinsic brightness" at visible wavelengths, irrespective of distance. The apparent magnitude is the less, for objects more than 32.6 light years away.


title: Luminosity

text: When talking about the total power output across all wavelengths, that is called bolometric magnitude.


title: Cross product

text: The cross product is a mathematical operation which can be done between two three-dimensional vectors. It is often represented by the symbol formula_1. After performing the cross product, a new vector is formed. The cross product of two vectors is always perpendicular (it makes a corner-shaped angle) to both of the vectors which were "crossed". This means that cross product normally works only in three-dimensional space; that is, anywhere where you can go up or down, left or right, and forward or backwards.


title: Cross product

text: A vector is information that describes two things: which way (direction), and how much (magnitude). Usually, the simplest vector can be an arrow. How long is the line, and which way does the line and the pointed end of the arrow go?


title: Cross product

text: Being a vector operation, the cross product is extremely important in all sorts of sciences (particularly physics), engineering, and mathematics. One important example of the cross product involves torque (pushing or pulling in a circle, like twisting off a bottle cap.) or moment. Another important application involves the magnetic field.


title: Cross product

text: The vector formula_6 is perpendicular to both formula_7 and formula_8. The direction of formula_6 is determined by a variation of the right-hand rule. By holding your right hand as shown in the picture, your thumb points in the direction of formula_4 (the cross product of formula_7 and formula_8), with the index finger pointing in the direction that formula_7 points, and the middle finger pointing in the direction that formula_8 points. If the angle between the index (your pointer finger) and middle (second finger away from your thumb) fingers is greater than 180°, then you need to turn the hand upside down.


title: Cross product

text: Since cross products usually only work for three-dimensional vectors, the calculation of cross product in two dimensions thinks of the vectors as if they are on a flat surface (like a sheet of paper) in three dimensions (like a room or a large cube).


title: Cross product

text: where formula_20 is just a symbol indicating that the new vector is pointing up (in the z-direction). If one "crosses" two vectors which are both in the xy-plane, then the product, being perpendicular to both vectors, must point in the z direction. If the value of formula_21 is positive, then it points out of the page; if its value is negative, then it points into the page.


title: Cross product

text: There are two ways to find the cross product of two 3D vectors: with coordinate notation or with angle.


title: Cross product

text: where formula_36 is the angle between formula_7 and formula_8, ‖a‖ and ‖b‖ are the magnitudes of vectors formula_2 and formula_3, and n is a unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing formula_2 and formula_3.


title: Samaritans

text: The Samaritans are a group of people who live in the Levant. Samaritans believe in the same one God of Judaism, but use only the Torah as text.


title: Samaritans

text: Archived. https://web.archive.org/web/20080512075303/http://www.jtsa.edu/prebuilt/exhib/scrips/index.shtml


title: Tim Curry

text: Timothy James "Tim" Curry (19 April 1946), is an English actor and singer. He is well known for his roles in "The Rocky Horror Picture Show", "Clue", "It", "" and "The Three Musketeers". He has released three albums.


title: Anglerfish

text: An anglerfish is a marine fish that belongs to the order Lophiiformes. Anglerfish are noted for having a bait-like appendage in front of their heads, right above their mouths.


title: Anglerfish

text: The appendage, which resembles a fishing pole, is attached to the end of the dorsal fin's front spine, which is separated from the rest of the fin. Anglerfish light their rod with bioluminescence (their own light) and then wiggle it to mimic a small marine animal. When other creatures come to eat the small marine animal, the anglerfish eats them. They are called anglerfish because they catch fish with bait, just like anglers, who use a rod and line (rather than nets).


title: Anglerfish

text: One of the families, the Ceratiidae, has an extraordinary mating system where the male actually fuses into the female.


title: Anglerfish

text: A mitochondrial genome phylogenetic study suggested that anglerfishes diversified in a short period of the Lower Cretaceous, between 130 and 100 million years ago.


title: Billy Connolly

text: Sir William "Billy" Connolly CBE (born 24 November 1942) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. Sometimes, he is known as "The Big Yin" ("The Big One" in Scottish).


title: Billy Connolly

text: Connolly was born at home in Anderston, Glasgow. He grew up in a tenement in the same inner-city area. Connolly has five children. He is married to Pamela Stephenson, the mother of his three youngest children.


title: Billy Connolly

text: In 2013, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and had surgery for prostate cancer. In January 2019, Connolly said he was "nearing the end of his life" as his Parkinson's advanced.


title: Billy Connolly

text: Connolly has acted in many movies including: "Indecent Proposal" (1993), "Mrs. Brown" (1997), "The Boondock Saints" (1999), "The Debt Collector" (1999), "The Man Who Sued God" (2001), "The Last Samurai" (2003) and "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events" (2004). He provided his voice for the movies "Open Season" (2006) and "Brave" (2012).


title: Billy Connolly

text: Connolly has been repeatedly voted Britain's best comedian by television viewers. He is also a folk musician and television presenter.


title: Billy Connolly

text: Connolly was nominated for a BAFTA award for his role in the movie Mrs. Brown. He was given a CBE in 2003.


title: Mitsubishi A6M Zero

text: The Mitsubishi A6M Zero, often called just the A6M Zero or simply the Zero was a long range carrier ship-based fighter aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The aircraft was built by Mitsubishi, making its first flight in 1939, and entering naval service in 1940.


title: Mitsubishi A6M Zero

text: It was the primary fighter used by Japan during the war. It was the primary enemy of US Naval aircraft such as the Grumman F4F Wildcat, Vought F4U Corsair, and later the Grumman F6F Hellcat, which was specifically designed to combat the Zero. The A6M Zero was the best fighter at the beginning of the Pacific war. However, late in the war, new American fighters were able to defeat it.


title: India Gate

text: The India Gate (formerly known as the All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the "ceremonial axis" of New Delhi, India, formerly called Kingsway.


title: India Gate

text: Following the so-called Bangladesh Liberation War in 1972, a structure consisting of a black marble plinth with a reversed rifle, capped by a war helmet and bounded by four eternal flames, was built beneath the archway.


title: DragonForce

text: DragonForce is an English power metal band formed in 1999 in London. They are known for fast guitar solos, fantasy-based lyrics, and electronic sounds in their music.


title: DragonForce

text: In March 2010, the band have announced the departure of the singer ZP Theart, due to musical disputes. He moved on to form heavy metal group I Am I. After that Mark Hudson joined as new singer and they released a new album The Power Within.


title: DragonForce

text: DragonForce was founded in 1999 by singer ZP Theart, bassist Steve Scott, guitarists Sam Totman and Herman Li, drummer Didier Almouzni, and keyboardist Steve Williams. They first called themselves "DragonHeart", but found that a band with this same name already existed. Their song "Through the Fire and Flames" is one of their most famous songs and is featured on the game "" The first song and first single, "Heroes of Our Time", from their album, "Ultra Beatdown", was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance on December 3, 2008, and is also in the video game "Skate 2".


title: Marcelo H. del Pilar

text: Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitan (August 30, 1850 – July 4, 1896), was a leading propagandist of the Philippine Revolution in 1896.


title: Marcelo H. del Pilar

text: Marcelo H. del Pilar was born in Cupang (now Barangay San Nicolas), Bulacan, on August 30, 1850, to parents Julián del Pilar and Blasa Gatmaytan. He studied at the Colegio de San José and later at the University of Santo Tomas, where he finished his law course in 1880. In 1882, del Pilar founded the nationalist newspaper "Diariong Tagalog" (Tagalog Newspaper). He organized various anti-friar demonstrations while in the Philippines. He also wrote anti-friar pamphlets like the "Dasalan at Tocsohan", "Caiigat Cayo", etc. Del Pilar went to Spain in 1888 to escape persecution by the Spanish authorities. He became the second editor of "La Solidaridad" (Solidarity) in Madrid.


title: Marcelo H. del Pilar

text: Publication of the "La Solidaridad" stopped in 1895 due to lack of money. Del Pilar decided to return to the Philippines to lead a revolution against Spain. However, he cancelled his trip due to his illness. Del Pilar died of tuberculosis in Barcelona on July 4, 1896, a pauper, away from his wife and 2 children.


title: Neurodiversity

text: Neurodiversity is a word for differences in people's brains. It is a type of biodiversity (diversity in living creatures).


title: Neurodiversity

text: The neurodiversity movement is an approach to mental disability in which some neurological conditions are variations of the human genome. The term was first used in the late 1990s as a challenge to the idea that neurological differences are disorders instead of features. The movement believes that these variations should be recognised as a social category along with gender, human race and sexual orientation.


title: Neurodiversity

text: Some people claim that neurodiversity would not be good for individuals with severe disabilities, such as low-functioning autism. They state that the difficulties are far greater than any potential strengths.


title: Sæhrímnir

text: In Norse mythology, Sæhrímnir is the name of the pig killed and cooked every night at Valhalla. He is the never-ending food source for the einherjar (warriors who died in battle and were brought to Valhalla). According to Snorri Sturluson, in the Gylfaginning, Sæhrímnir is cooked every day but he is whole again by evening.


title: Tina Knowles

text: Célestine Ann Beyincé (born January 4, 1954), known as Tina Knowles-Lawson, is an American businesswoman and fashion designer. She is known for her House of Deréon and Miss Tina by Tina Knowles fashion brands. She is the mother of singers Beyoncé and Solange Knowles. Until 2011, she was married to Mathew Knowles, the manager of Destiny's Child as well as Beyoncé.


title: Plague doctor costume

text: The plague doctor's costume was the clothes worn by a plague doctor to protect him from diseases spread through the air. The costume was made up of a coat which went down to the ankles and a mask. The mask looked like a bird's beak. The beak was often filled with things which smelled sweet or strong (often lavender). Along with this, gloves, boots, a hat and something else to go over the jacket was worn.


title: Kleomedes of Astypalia

text: Kleomedes of Astypalia was an Ancient Greek boxer, who had a successful boxing career all throughout the 5th century BC. However, in either the 71st or 72nd Olympic Games (496 or 492 BCE), using an illegal strike, he killed his opponent Ikos. Because of this offense, and not due to the murder of his opponent, which was not considered a punishable act, he was disqualified and heavily fined by the judges.


title: Plague doctor costume

text: The beak was held in front of the doctor's nose by straps. There were two holes in the mask, filled with glass at eye level, so that the doctor could see properly. The mask had two smaller holes for the doctor to breathe. It was a type of respirator which was often filled with strong, nice smelling things. Dried flowers (such as roses and carnations), herbs (such as mint), spices, camphor or a vinegar sponge could all be placed in the beak. The mask was supposed to keep away bad smells. At that time, it was thought that bad smells caused infection. Doctors believed the herbs would take away the "evil" smells of the plague and stop them from getting it.


title: Kleomedes of Astypalia

text: Kleomedes mourned his loss greatly, because it put a stain on his record, consequently, while returning to his home town Astypalia, in a flash of Mania, he pulled out the pillar supporting a school roof, purportedly killing at least 27 children. The people attempted to stoned him to death, but he fled into a temple and climbed into a holy chest. When the people opened it, he was gone. His confused persuers consulted the oracle of delphi, which told the people that Kleomedes had become a hero. From that moment onwards he was commemorated with annual sacrifices in his honour.


title: Plague doctor costume

text: The costume had a wide brimmed leather hood to show that they were doctors. They used wooden canes to point out areas needing medical attention. This was also used to look at patients without touching them. The canes were also used to keep people away, to take clothes off plague victims without having to touch them and to take a patient's pulse.


title: Plague doctor costume

text: Wearing these clothes actually helped make sure that the doctors were not infected by fleas or rats. Fleas could not bite through the leather jacket and infected people could not touch the doctor, which was also because of his leather jacket.


title: Plague doctor costume

text: Some modern writers have said that fourteenth-century plague doctors wore masks which looked like birds. However, medical historians say that the plague doctor costume was invented by Charles de Lorme. In 1619 he used the idea of full head-to-toe protective clothing. It was modelled after a soldier's armour. This was made up of a bird-like mask and a long leather (Moroccan or Levantine) or waxed-canvas gown. The gown went from the neck to the ankles. The clothing which went on top of the gown, as well as leggings, gloves, boots and a hat, were made of waxed leather. The garment was impregnated with similar fragrant items as the beak mask.


title: Plague doctor costume

text: Jean-Jacques Manget, in his 1721 book "Treatise on the Plague", written just after the Great Plague of Marseille, talks about the costumes that plague doctors wore at Nijmegen in 1636-1637. A picture of the costume is at the front of the book. The plague doctors of Nijmegen also wore beaked masks. Their robes, leggings, hats, and gloves were made of morocco leather.


title: Plague doctor costume

text: This costume was also worn by plague doctors during the Plague of 1656. This plague killed 145,000 people in Rome and 300,000 in Naples. The costume made people very scared because it was a sign that they would die soon.


title: Plague doctor costume

text: The costume was worn by a "commedia dell'arte" character called "Il Medico della Peste" (the Plague Doctor). He wears a special plague doctor's mask. The Venetian mask was normally white. It was made up of a beak and round eye-holes. The eye-holes were covered with clear glass. It is one of the most unique masks worn during the Carnival of Venice.


title: 2025 Formula One World Championship

text: The 2025 FIA Formula One World Championship is a planned motor racing championship for Formula One cars. This will be the 76th running of the Formula One World Championship. Drivers and teams are scheduled to compete for the titles of World Drivers' Champion and World Constructors' Champion respectively.