title: Tours

text: Tours is a city on the Loire River in the centre of France. It has about 143,000 inhabitants. This is the prefecture of the department of Indre-et-Loire and is one of the 22 French metropolis.


title: Allier

text: Allier is a department in the centre of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is named after the river Allier, a tributary of the Loire. Its prefecture is Moulins.


title: Allier

text: Allier is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Moulins as its capital. It was formed from most of all the former province of "Bourbonnais" (the Duchy of Bourbonnais); Saint-Amand-Montrond, in the Cher department, was the only part of the old province that was not made part of Allier.


title: Allier

text: It was divided in seven districts: Cérilly, Moulins, Le Donjon, Cusset, Gannat, Montmarault and Montluçon.


title: Allier

text: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Moulins, Gannat, Lapalisse and Montluçon.


title: Allier

text: On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Gannat was eliminated and in 1941 Vichy became the capital of one "arrondissement" of the department instead of Lapalisse.


title: Allier

text: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Nevers is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".


title: Allier

text: There are two periods of maximum precipitation in June and October and a minimum in January and February with average of Montluçon (altitude: 207 m), in Moulins (245 m) in Vichy (251 m); and in Lapalisse (285 m).


title: Allier

text: Allier is managed by the "Departmental Council of Allier" in Moulins. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.


title: Allier

text: There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 317 "communes" (municipalities) in Allier.


title: Allier

text: The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Allier department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Allier

text: There is not a traditional demonym to name the inhabitants of the Allier department. Some names used are "Alliérins", "Bourbonnais", "Elavérins", or simply "habitants de l'Allier" ("inhabitants of Allier").


title: Allier

text: Allier had a population, in 2014, of 343,062, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Vichy, with 122,267 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.


title: Vichy

text: Vichy () is a "commune" in central France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, along the Allier river. It is the "commune" in the department with second largest population after Montluçon. It is in the historic province of "Bourbonnais".


title: Vichy

text: The "commune" of Vichy is on the southern part of the Allier department. The city is on the right side of the Allier river.


title: Vichy

text: Vichy is surrounded by the "communes" Creuzier-le-Vieux, Cusset, Le Vernet, Abrest, Bellerive-sur-Allier and Charmeil.


title: Vichy

text: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Vichy is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".


title: Vichy

text: With a population of 25,279, Vichy is the second largest city of the Allier department. It has a population density of inhabitants/km.


title: Vichy

text: Vichy is a subprefecture of the Allier department since 1941; before that year, the subprefecture was in Lapalisse. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Vichy and the administrative centre () of two cantons:


title: Steam locomotive

text: A steam locomotive is a steam powered railway locomotive. It was used a lot between about 1830 and 1970. Afterwards, diesel and electric locomotives were used more often. The first steam locomotive was made by Richard Trevithick for a railway used for moving iron at an Ironworks in Wales. A steam locomotive works by burning a fuel like coal in a special space called a firebox. This produces hot gases that rise and go through tubes in a boiler - a large space with water in it. This heats the water, producing steam. The steam is then taken through another tube to a cylinder. The steam then pushes the piston which in turn pushes a metal rod that is connected to the wheels, making the locomotive move. The steam then rises out through the chimney.


title: Steam locomotive

text: Steam locomotives are still today used in many developing countries where the railways have not yet been electrified.


title: Jean-Pierre Papin

text: Jean-Pierre Papin (born 5 November 1963) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.


title: Sheng (instrument)

text: The Sheng () is a Chinese free reed wind instrument consisting of usually 17 bamboo pipes set in a small wind-chest into which a musician blows through a mouthpiece. Each pipe has a free reed, made of metal (or formerly of bamboo or reed), that vibrates to produce sound when a finger hole on the pipe is covered.


title: African slave trade

text: The African slave trade was a trade in slaves and, like most of the world, has carried on for thousands of years in Africa. The first main route passed through the Sahara. After the Age of Exploration, African slaves became part of the Atlantic slave trade, from which comes the modern, Western type of slavery. Despite being against the law, slavery continues in all parts of the world, including Africa. In Mauritania, slavery was not made illegal until August 2007.


title: Strength training

text: Strength training is the use of resistance to muscular contraction to build the "physical strength" and "endurance". There are many different methods of strength training, the most common being the weight/gravity training and the training with the help of resistive equipment.


title: Strength training

text: When properly performed, strength training can provide significant functional benefits and improvement in overall health and well-being, including increased bone, muscle, tendon and ligament strength, improved joint function, reduced potential for injury, increased bone density, a temporary increase in metabolism, improved cardiac function.


title: Strength training

text: Training commonly uses the technique of progressively increasing the force output of the muscle through incremental increases of weight, elastic tension or other resistance, and uses a variety of exercises and types of training equipment to target specific muscle groups. Strength training is primarily an anaerobic activity.


title: Strength training

text: Strength training differs from "bodybuilding", "weightlifting", "powerlifting", and "strongman", which are sports rather than forms of exercise, although training for them totally depends on strength training. Many other sports use strength training as a part of their training regimen, notably football, lacrosse, basketball, hockey and track and field.


title: Strength training

text: The basic principles of strength training involve a number of repetitions (reps), sets, tempo, exercises and force to cause desired changes in strength, endurance, size or shape by overloading of a group of muscles. Specific combination of reps, sets, exercises, resistance and force depend on the purpose of the individual performing the exercise: sets with fewer reps can be performed using more force, but have a reduced impact on endurance.


title: John F. Kennedy School of Government

text: The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is a public policy and public administration school, and one of Harvard's graduate and professional schools. It is named after Harvard graduate and 35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy.


title: John F. Kennedy School of Government

text: It offers master's degrees in public policy, public administration, and international development, grants several doctoral degrees, administers executive programs for senior government officials, and conducts research in subjects relating to politics, government, international affairs, and economics.


title: Orange banana

text: Fe'i banana or Orange banana is a cultivar of banana that occurs on Pacific islands, the Moluccas, and in Papua New Guinea. Unlike other banana species, its sap is red, and not white. When ripe, the fruit has an orange-red color. Today, it is not clear where the banana grew originally. It might have been on Papua. Unlike the dessert banana, this kind of banana is rarely eaten raw.


title: Daniel McKeague

text: Daniel McKeague (born June 5, 1974) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, and TV advertising sales manager. He is best known as the current voice of the Aflac mascot, a duck. On April 26, 2011, it was announced that McKeague would replace Gilbert Gottfried as the duck's voice. Gottfried had been fired because of making a joke on the earthquake and tsunami in Japan.


title: Daniel McKeague

text: Originally a salesman, McKeague was hired by Aflac as the new voice of the Aflac Duck on April 26, 2011 after original actor Gilbert Gottfried (whom McKeague was able to impersonate) was fired.


title: The Man Comes Around (song)

text: "The Man Comes Around" is a song from Johnny Cash's "" album, released in 2002. It was actually written a few years earlier, but Cash updated it for the album. It is one of the last songs Cash wrote before his death. Both sung and spoken, the song makes Biblical references, especially to the Book of Revelation.


title: Class traitor

text: A class traitor is someone who is thought to be working against the interests of the particular social class. The term is often used by socialists to describe members of the proletariat class who work for the bourgeoisie. Some examples of those who are seen as class traitors are: soldiers, police officers, strikebreakers, and those who help keep things the way things are right now, instead of working for change. However, some people think that anyone, including the bourgeois, can become class traitors.


title: Class traitor

text: The motives behind becoming a traitor to one's class can include: survival (taking up whatever wage is available), the belief that the person is of a higher class and so has political views that work against the working class, the pressure to follow rules and laws, or disagreeing with the view that society is divided up into classes that are fighting each other.


title: Class traitor

text: Such people sacrifice their ability to be part of the capitalist upper-class for the sake of who they see as the oppressed, even if it hurts their status in the process.


title: Five Nights at Freddy's 3

text: Five Nights at Freddy's 3 is a 2015 indie point-and-click survival horror video game developed by Scott Cawthon. It is the third entry in the "Five Nights at Freddy's" series. The game was released on Steam on March 2, 2015, then for Android devices on March 7, 2015. The game is set 30 years after "Five Nights at Freddy's".


title: Five Nights at Freddy's 3

text: The player assumes the role of a newly hired employee at Fazbear's Fright, a horror-themed amusement park attraction that pays homage to the original Freddy Fazbear’s Pizza. In addition, the player must monitor the status of three operating systems - cameras, audio, and ventilation - and reboot them whenever they begin to malfunction. They have to defend from Springtrap and the 'phantoms', which are more ghostly and burnt-looking versions of the animatronics from the previous games, including Golden Freddy, Chica, Withered Foxy, Balloon Boy, Mangle, and Phantom Puppet. These animatronics cannot physically hurt you, but every time they catch you, one of the systems then needs to be rebooted. While Phantom Mangle does not jumpscare directly, it can appear in the hall or on one of the cameras and emit a garbled static sound, causing the audio system to have to be rebooted. The only animatronic that can cause a game over is Sprintrap, the main antagonist, and he is attracted to sound. The only way to get him to not kill you is by playing audio of Balloon Boy laughing from "Five Nights at Freddy's 2." If you play this audio on a camera close to Springtrap, Springtrap will go towards it. He is also attracted to Mangle's loud garbled audio sounds, so if Mangle is in the hallway making noise, he will go towards your office faster.


title: Asghar Khan

text: Air Marshal Asghar Khan (17 January 1921 – 5 January 2018) was Pakistani politician, aviation historian, peace activist, and retired three star rank air force general.


title: Asghar Khan

text: Khan served as the first native Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) under President Iskander Mirza (1956–59) and under President Ayub Khan until resigning in 1965 before the start of the air operations of the PAF during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.


title: Asghar Khan

text: In 1970, Asghar Khan founded the secular party, the Tehrik-e-Istiqlal, but performed poorly in 1970 parliamentary elections.


title: Asghar Khan

text: Khan died on 5 January 2018 in Abbottabad, Pakistan of complications from Parkinson's disease at the age of 96.


title: Mikey Day

text: Michael William Day (born March 20, 1980) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He was born in Orange, California. He is a current cast member on "Saturday Night Live" ("SNL").


title: Mikey Day

text: Day began his career with the Groundlings, a Los Angeles-based improvisational theater group. Day was an original cast member on the Nick Cannon's improvisational comedy series "Wild 'n Out" on MTV. He is also the host of "Is It Cake?".


title: House of Bonaparte

text: The House of Bonaparte was an imperial and royal European dynasty founded by Napoleon I of France in 1804, a Corsican military leader who rose to power and transformed the French Republic into the French Empire. The dynasty ruled from 1804 to 1815 and again from 1852 to 1870.


title: House of Bonaparte

text: Napoleon Bonaparte is the most significant person associated with the Bonaparte family because he created the First French Empire that conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. He was elected as first consul of France on November 10, 1799 with the help of his brother, Lucien Bonaparte, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred. He later crowned himself Emperor of the French in December 2, 1804 and King of Italy in May 26 1805. He then made his elder brother Joseph (1768–1844) king of Naples (1806–1808) and then of Spain (1808–1813), his third brother Louis, king of Holland (1806–1810), and his youngest brother Jerome Bonaparte, king of Westphalia(1807-1813).


title: House of Bonaparte

text: Napoleon's son Napoleon François Charles Joseph (1811–1832) was created king of Rome (1811–1814) and was later styled Napoleon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication. Charles Louis Napoléon (1808–1873), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 and emperor in 1852 until 1870, reigning as Napoléon III. A political movement for Corsican independence surfaced in the 1990s which included a Bonapartist restoration in its programme.


title: Digambar

text: Digambar (sky-clad) is one of the two main sects of Jainism, the other is Svetambar. The word digambara is made up of two words 'dig' and 'ambar', the person whose clothes (ambar) is the directions (dig). The digambar have a stricter interpretation of Jainism than other sects.


title: Mel Smith

text: Melvin Kenneth "Mel" Smith (3 December 1952 – 19 July 2013) was an English comedian, writer, movie director, producer and actor. He was best known for his work on the sketch comedy shows "Not the Nine O'Clock News" and "Alas Smith and Jones" along with his comedy partner Griff Rhys Jones.


title: Mel Smith

text: Smith was born on 3 December 1952 in Chiswick, Middlesex, England. He studied at Hogarth Primary School, Chiswick and at Latymer Upper School. He went on to study experimental psychology at New College, Oxford. Smith died on 19 July 2013 from a heart attack in London, England, aged 60.


title: Wallis and Futuna

text: Wallis and Futuna, officially called the Territory of Wallis and Futuna Islands ( or "Territoire des îles Wallis et Futuna"), is a group of three volcanic tropical islands Wallis (Uvea), Futuna, and Alofi with fringing reefs. They are in the South Pacific Ocean between Fiji and Samoa. One of the islands in the group is named after Cornish explorer Samuel Wallis.


title: Vaud

text: Vaud is a canton of Switzerland. It borders the cantons of Geneva, Neuchâtel, Fribourg, Berne and Valais (west to east). The capital city is Lausanne. About 790,000 people live in the canton. Of these, about 138,000 live in Lausanne. About 82% of the population speak French as their first language.


title: Camellia sinensis

text: Camellia sinensis, the tea plant, is the species of plant whose leaves and leaf buds are used to make tea. It is in the genus "Camellia".


title: Camellia sinensis

text: White tea, green tea, oolong, pu-erh tea and black tea all come from this species. They are processed differently, so they have different levels of oxidation. Kukicha (twig tea) is also harvested from "Camellia sinensis", but uses twigs and stems rather than leaves.


title: Mandarin duck

text: The mandarin duck ("Aix galericulata") is a duck that breeds in eastern Siberia, China and Japan and winters in southern China and Japan. There is a small free-flying population in Britain which grew from the release of captive bred ducks.


title: Mandarin duck

text: In full plumage, the male mandarin duck has a pair of "sail" feathers that are raised vertically above the back, a crest of orange and cream feathers, and a broad white eye-stripe that is bounded above and below by darker feathers. The female mandarin duck is duller in colour and has an overall grey appearance that is marked by a curving white stripe behind the eye and a series of white blotches on the underparts. In flight, both sexes display a bluish-green iridescent speculum.


title: Mandarin duck

text: The mandarin duck lives in the forests of China and Japan. They prefer to live around wooded ponds and fast flowing rocky streams to swim, wade, and feed in.


title: Creative Commons licenses

text: The Creative Commons licenses relates to the name of several copyright licenses released on December 16, 2002. The licenses were released by "Creative Commons", a United States nonprofit corporation. Everybody can put their own creations under these licenses.


title: Creative Commons licenses

text: It is possible to combine the license elements to allow people to use a work under certain conditions. For example, a combination of the first and fourth is called "CC BY-SA". This stands for "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike". With this license other people can use the work for free, but they must give credit to the original creator, and when they make something new with the work they must give it the same "CC BY-SA" license.


title: Creative Commons licenses

text: The Free Software Foundation thinks that the Creative Commons system is confusing, because people often forget to tell which of the licenses they use. Instead they suggest to use the Free Art license.


title: Roberta Metsola

text: Roberta Metsola Tedesco Triccas (born 18 January 1979) is a Maltese politician. Metsola is the 17th and current President of the European Parliament since 2022. She is a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) representing Malta since 2013.


title: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

text: Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (; 6 May 1918 – 2 November 2004) was the ruler of Abu Dhabi for more than 30 years (6 August 1966 – 2 November 2004).


title: Roberta Metsola

text: On 11 January 2022, Metsola became the Acting President of the European Parliament after the death of David Sassoli. She was officially elected president on 18 January 2022 by the European Parliament, becoming the first Maltese person, youngest person at aged 43 and the first woman since 2002 to be elected to the presidency.


title: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

text: He was the main builder of the United Arab Emirates. He was the Union's first "Raʾīs" (President), a post which he held for almost 33 years (1971 until his death in 2004). He is known as the "Father of the Nation".


title: Kitsune

text: Foxes and human beings lived close together in ancient Japan; this is why there are legends about them. Kitsune have become closely associated with Inari, a Shinto "kami" or spirit, and serve as his messengers. This role has reinforced the fox's supernatural importance. The more tails a kitsune has — they may have as many as nine — the older, wiser, and more powerful it is. Because of their potential power and influence, some people make offerings to them as to a god.


title: Mikveh

text: A mikveh or mikvah (,  "mikva'ot", "mikvoth", "mikvot", or (Yiddish) "mikves", lit., "a collection") is a Jewish ritual bath. It is used to cleanse ritual impurity. Immersion in a mikveh is also a part of the traditional process for converting to Judaism.


title: Kurgan hypothesis

text: The Kurgan model of Indo-European origins is about both the people and their Proto-Indo-European language.


title: Kurgan hypothesis

text: It uses both archaeology and linguistics to show the history of their culture at different stages of the Indo-European expansion.


title: Kurgan hypothesis

text: When it was first suggested in 1956, Marija Gimbutas's answer to the question of Indo-European origins was a pioneering interdisciplinary synthesis of archaeology and linguistics. From the nineties on, new archaeological evidence from Northern European prehistoric cultures was put forward on the influence and expansion of Kurgan cultures.


title: Morning Musume

text: In late 1997, in Japan, a male singer-songwriter called Tsunku, held a contest to find a girl to be the lead singer of the band Sharam Q, which he was the frontman of. A lot of young girls came to the contest, and some of them became finalists. There is where Tsunku came up with the idea of making a girl group. This new group was called Morning Musume (Morning Daughters). The group was formed by Kaori Iida, Yuko Nakazawa, Asuka Fukuda, Aya Ishiguro and Natsumi Abe. They became known as the "First Generation" of the group. There have now been twelve of these "Generations". Most of these "Generations" have a few members. But the Third, Seventh and Twelfth Generations only had one member each.


title: Fungi imperfecti

text: The fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi, also known as Deuteromycota, is a type of fungi. It is "not" a taxonomic category: they are linked only by their asexuality. The taxonomy of fungi is either based on morphological characteristics (what they look like), or that of biological species. Fungi imperfecti do not fit well into these schemes.


title: Morning Musume

text: From the start, the songs performed by these girls sold well. They became very famous in Japan (their fame later reached other countries too, thanks to their fans on the World Wide Web), and Tsunku formed other small groups inspired by Morning Musume. He created Hello!Project to hold them all.


title: Fungi imperfecti

text: Deueromycota literally means "second fungi", and was once a phylum within the fungi. The fungi in deuteromycota reproduce asexually, or vegetatively: "sexual reproduction has never been observed in these species". The term is now used only informally for species of fungi that are asexually reproducing members of the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.


title: Morning Musume

text: Over time, when the girls become older and mature, they usually graduate from the group (but they can be kicked out for not behaving in the way that idols are supposed to behave). After that, they usually become soloists or models. New girls apply for a spot in the group whenever auditions are held. Thousands of girls apply, but very few make it in.


title: Fungi imperfecti

text: There are about 25,000 species that have been classified in the deuteromycota and many are basidiomycota or ascomycota. Fungi producing the antibiotic penicillin and those that cause athlete's foot and yeast infections are imperfect fungi. In addition, there are a number of edible imperfect fungi, including the ones that provide the distinctive characteristics of Roquefort and Camembert cheese. Some fungi which are used to develop immunosuppressant drugs, are imperfect fungi. Other imperfect fungi are used for insect pest control.


title: Morning Musume

text: Morning Musume is still a top selling female group. In fact, its sales make it one of the best-selling girl groups in the World today, ranking around 9th - 11th place among girl groups worldwide in recent years. It has new girls and makes singles every few months, plus studio albums about once a year. These singles and studio albums often come in "limited" versions with different cover photos and photo cards or posters included. In addition, there are also many live DVD and Blu-Ray releases, as well as photobooks and DVDs featuring certain members wearing clothes that show off how attractive they are. All the girls from the group appear frequently on TV and Radio. Their TV appearances are in the morning, especially for young people. They also make music videos and perform a lot of concerts in Japan, as well as sometimes performing concerts in other countries. Their music videos also come in different versions most of the time.


title: Fungi imperfecti

text: Other, more informal, names besides Deuteromycota ("Deuteromycetes") and fungi imperfecti, are anamorphic fungi, or mitosporic fungi. None of these names are terms of taxonomic rank. They are convenience terms.


title: Interstate 70

text: Interstate 70 is a major interstate highway in the United States. It begins in Cove Fort, Utah, and it goes east to Baltimore, Maryland. The route is long and travels through 10 states. It also goes through some major cities in the heart of America including Denver, Kansas City, St. Louis, Indianapolis, and Columbus.


title: Universal health care

text: Universal health care, sometimes referred to as universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care, usually refers to a health care system which provides health care and financial protection to all citizens of a particular country.


title: Nursery

text: A nursery is a school for children between the ages of one and five years. It is a preschool education institution, part of a child's education.


title: Nursery

text: Nurseries take care of young children during the day while providing a safe, fun and educational environment. Most nurseries provide toys and a outdoor playground with equipment.


title: Nursery

text: In the UK, most children start nursery at two or three years old and move on to primary school the academic year they turn five. Some nurseries can take care of babies as young as 3-6 months old. These nurseries are often called day nurseries or daycares. Some nurseries are called children’s centres. Some nurseries have separate rooms for different age groups. Preschools in the UK are mainly designed for children from toddler age to five years.


title: Nursery

text: A nursery in England is also called FS1, which is also first year of foundation before they go into primary school.


title: Nursery

text: Nursery "kindergarten" (children's garden), is a name given by Friedrich Fröbel, who created the Nurseru in Germany, in 1837. Other common names are "pre-school", "playschool" and "playgroup". The German word Kindergarten is also used in many non-English-speaking countries to denote a form of pre-school education. However, in the United States, Canada, and some parts of Australia, "kindergarten" is instead the term used to describe the first year of compulsory schooling. The word "kindergarten" is not generally used in the UK.


title: Édouard Manet

text: Édouard Manet (pronounced "edwaʁ manɛ" in French), 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883, was a French Impressionist painter. He was one of the first painters of the 19th century to paint subjects of everyday life in the modern world. This made him very important for modern painting, especially for the change from Realism to Impressionism.


title: Édouard Manet

text: Some of his paintings were very controversial. The paintings "Lunch on the Grass" and "Olympia" were a starting-point for a group of young painters to develop what would later be called "Impressionism".


title: Édouard Manet

text: Édouard Manet was born in Paris on 23 January 1832, to a wealthy family. As he grew up, his uncle encouraged him to paint and draw, but his father wanted him to join the navy. Eventually he was allowed to be trained as a painter. Manet worked from 1850 to 1856 in the studio of the academic painter Thomas Couture a painter of large historical paintings. In his spare time he copied the old masters in the Louvre.


title: Édouard Manet

text: While he was a student he visited Germany, Ano, and the Netherlands, looking at the paintings of Renaissance and Baroque masters such as Frans Hals, and Spanish painters such as Diego Velázquez and Goya.


title: Édouard Manet

text: In 1856, Manet opened his own studio. Culo of the best known French painters of that time was Gustave Courbet who painted in a style known as Realism. Courbet, in his pictures, tried to show the life of the poor working people of the farms and villages. Manet began to paint beggars, singers and people in cafes. His style was not like Courbet's because he used large brushstrokes without much detail. Courbet's paintings were dark and somber because he painted all his canvases brown before he put the figures in. Manet's paintings were brighter and lighter, with lots of white paint and often small parts painted in bright blue and red


title: Édouard Manet

text: In 1863 Manet married Suzanne Leenhoff, who had been employed by his father to teach piano to Manet and his younger brother Eugene. Suzanne had an eleven year old son, Leon Koella Leenhoff who often posed as a model for Manet's paintings.


title: Édouard Manet

text: Every year the academy in Paris would hold a big exhibition (art show) called the "Salon de Paris". In 1863 Manet put a picture into the show called "Lunch on the Grass" ("Le déjeuner sur l'herbe"). The judges at the Salon refused to hang this work in the gallery because it showed a naked woman sitting on the grass with two men wearing clothes. If the painting had been about Ancient Greek mythology, this would not be a problem but these men were wearing ordinary suits, and the woman's dress and hat were lying on the grass. Perhaps she was a prostitute. The judges said that the painting was indecent (very rude).


title: Édouard Manet

text: At this time there were a group of young artists who mainly painted landscapes. They were Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Frédéric Bazille, Camille Pissarro, Paul Cézanne, and Armand Guillaumin. Monet and his friends also had their paintings turned away. They were angry and they met with Manet to discuss this. The Emperor Napoleon III gave permission for another exhibition called the "Salon des Refuses" which showed all the pictures that had been "refused". Many people went to see this exhibition and soon discovered that there was a new "movement" in art, quite different from the style that they were used to.


title: Édouard Manet

text: In 1874 thirty Impressionist artists held their first exhibition. The main artists who are called "Impressionists" include Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Edgar Degas and Berthe Morisot. Manet became friendly with Berthe Morisot, who later married his brother Eugene Manet. Manet encouraged Morisot with her painting. Morisot, in turn, encouraged Manet to paint outdoors, in the way that Monet and the other Impressionist painters did. Monet painted some landscapes, seascapes and city scenes in the Impressionist style. However, most of his paintings are "figurative" (they are pictures of people).


title: Édouard Manet

text: Manet's paintings usually show people going about their ordinary lives. They show people at home and at work, or out and enjoying themselves. One painting is very different. It is a terrible scene showing the execution of the Emperor Maximillian of Mexico by a firing squad.


title: Benghazi

text: Benghazi is a city and district in Libya. It is the second largest city in the country with 670,797 people (2006). It is also the capital of the Cyrenaica region. It was the former provisional capital of the National Transitional Council. It is on the Mediterranean Sea.


title: Benghazi

text: The oldest university in Libya is the University of Libya in the city. Libyan International Medical University is the first accredited private medical university.


title: Benghazi

text: Two of Libya's most-successful football clubs are in the city. They are Al-Ahly Benghazi and Al-Nasr. The two teams have won the Libyan Premier League five times.


title: Sioux Falls, South Dakota

text: Sioux Falls (pronounced "sue falls", ) is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the largest city in the state; 153,888 people lived there at the 2010 census. The city is in the eastern part of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County, where most of the city is located. The southern part of the city is in Lincoln County. Sioux Falls became a city in 1876. The city is built around the Big Sioux River, and it gets its name from a set of waterfalls along the river that are located in a park in the city.


title: Sioux Falls, South Dakota

text: Sioux Falls is home to four major sports teams. The Sioux Falls Skyforce play basketball in the NBA Development League, the Sioux Falls Canaries play baseball in the American Association, the Sioux Falls Stampede play ice hockey in the United States Hockey League, and the Sioux Falls Storm play American football in the Indoor Football League.


title: Sioux Falls, South Dakota

text: Two major Interstate highways go through Sioux Falls. Interstate 90 goes from east to west, and Interstate 29 goes from north to south. Sioux Falls also has a shorter route, Interstate 229, that serves the eastern part of the city and connects Interstate 90 to Interstate 29. The city is also home to the Sioux Falls Regional Airport, which has flights to many big cities across the country.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Alfred Russel Wallace OM, FRS (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, biologist and social activist. He is best known for proposing a theory of natural selection. This was published in 1858 together with Charles Darwin's idea.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Wallace did extensive natural history exploring. He went first to the Amazon River basin with Henry Walter Bates, and later to Malaya and Indonesia. He wrote books on both these adventures. While in Indonesia he drew the "Wallace Line" which divides Indonesia into two parts. On one side are animals of Australasia. On the other side are species mostly of Asian origin. He wrote an excellent book on biogeography (the distribution of animals).


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: After a few years of working as a railway surveyor with his brother, Wallace's life was changed by meeting Henry Walter Bates in Leicester in 1847.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Wallace and Bates discussed the idea of an expedition to the Amazon. The plan was funded by sending specimens back to London, where an agent would sell them for a commission. Also, the travellers planned to to ""gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species"", as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates. The two friends, who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists, met in London to prepare themselves. They looked at South American plants and animals in the main collections.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Bates and Wallace sailed from Liverpool in April 1848, arriving in Pará (now Belém) at the end of May. For the first year they settled in a villa near the city, collecting birds and insects. After that they agreed to collect independently.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Wallace continued charting the Amazon for four years, collecting specimens and making notes on the peoples, the languages, the geography, flora, and fauna. On 12 July 1852, Wallace embarked for England on the brig "Helen". After twenty-eight days at sea, balsam in the ship's cargo caught fire and the crew was forced to abandon ship. All of the specimens Wallace had on the ship, most of his collection, were lost. He could only save part of his diary and a few sketches. Wallace and the crew spent ten days in an open boat before being picked up by the brig "Jordeson".


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: From 1854 to 1862, age 31 to 39, Wallace travelled through the "Dutch East Indies" (now Malaysia and Indonesia), to collect specimens for sale and to study nature. Wallace collected more than 125,000 specimens in the Dutch East Indies (more than 80,000 beetles alone). More than a thousand of them were species new to science.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: His observations of the clear zoological differences across a narrow strait in the archipelago led to his proposing the zoogeographical boundary now known as the Wallace Line. Bali and Lombok were two islands in the archipelago only 17 miles apart at the widest (28 km), roughly the same size and with the same climate, soil, elevation and aspect. Yet their flora and fauna were so different.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: "In this archipelago there are two distinct faunas rigidly circumscribed, which differ as much as do those of Africa and South America... yet there is nothing on the map or on the face of the islands to mark their limits. The boundary line passes between islands closer together than others belonging to the same group. I believe the western part to be a separated portion of continental Asia, while the eastern is a fragmentary prolongation of a former west Pacific continent".


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Why was it, he wondered, that the animals and plants on the Bali side of the channel were of Asian types, while those on the Lombok side were Australasian in type? This had to mean that the western group had evolved from common western stock, while the eastern group had evolved from a common eastern stock.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: While he was exploring the archipelago, he thought about evolution, and had his famous insight on natural selection. In 1858 he sent an article outlining his theory to Darwin; it was published, along with a description of Darwin's own theory, in the same year.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Accounts of his studies and adventures there were eventually published in 1869 as "The Malay Archipelago". It became one of the most popular natural history travel journals of the 19th century. It was praised by Charles Darwin and Charles Lyell and by others, such as the novelist Joseph Conrad, who called it his "favorite bedside companion".


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Unlike Darwin, Wallace began his career as a travelling naturalist already believing in evolution. Both he and Bates had read "Vestiges", a controversial work of popular science, published anonymously in 1844. This advocated an evolutionary origin for the Solar System, the Earth, and living things. He also read Malthus's "Principle of population", which he says "twenty years later gave me the long-sought clue to the effective agent in the evolution of organic species". He meant by that the struggle for existence, which led Wallace to "natural selection".


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Wallace wrote his ideas on the small isle of "Ternate", in what was then the Dutch East Indies. He was suffering from malaria. While the natives looked after him, his thoughts turned to Malthus's book.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: "I thought of [Malthus's] clear exposition of the 'positive checks to increase' – disease, accidents, wars, famine – which keep down the population... It then occurred to me that the same causes, or their equivalents, are


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: continually acting in the case of animals also... Why do some die and some live? And the answer came clearly, that on the whole the best fitted live... Then it suddenly flashed upon me, that this self-acting process would necessarily improve the race..."


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: In 1864 Wallace published a paper, "The origin of human races and the antiquity of Man deduced from the theory of natural selection", applying the theory to human beings. Huxley had already published his view that evolution applied to mankind as it did to other living things.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Wallace thought that natural selection could not account for mathematical, artistic, or musical genius, as well as metaphysical musings, wit and humour. He eventually said that something in "the unseen universe of Spirit" had interceded at least three times in history. The first was the creation of life from inorganic matter. The second was the introduction of consciousness in the higher animals. And the third was the generation of the higher mental faculties in mankind. He also believed that the purpose of the universe was the development of the human spirit.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Many, including Huxley, Hooker, and Darwin himself, were highly critical of these ideas. As one historian of science has pointed out, Wallace's views in this area were at odds with two major tenets of Darwinism. These are: evolution does not have a goal, and it is not aimed at or centered around mankind. It is thought by most biographers that his thinking on the evolution of man was influenced by his adoption of spiritualism, which happened at the same time.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Wallace was not a believer in revealed religion of any kind, but he did believe in spiritualism. This has puzzled biographers, who struggle to think why such a man would believe in spirits. Early in his life, he experimented with hypnosis, which was then doubted and criticised. He used some of his students in Leicester as subjects, with considerable success. Apparently, this persuaded him not to reject ideas which were doubted. Even when Huxley told him that one of his favourite mediums was a proven fraud, he refused to believe it. He preferred the evidence of his own experience.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Wallace's public support of spiritualism, and his defence of spiritualist mediums against allegations of fraud, damaged his scientific reputation. It strained his relationships with friends such as Bates, Huxley and Darwin, who felt he was overly credulous. Others became openly hostile to Wallace over the issue. Wallace and other scientists who defended spiritualism were subject to much criticism from the press, with "The Lancet", the leading English medical journal, being particularly harsh. The controversy affected the public's idea of Wallace for the rest of his career, though he was always respected in other ways. 1878.<ref name=spirits>Wallace A.R. "Miracles and modern spiritualism: three essays". Spiritualist Press, London.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

text: Wallace had a wide range of interests, and wrote books about all of them. He wrote against vaccination, for phrenology, for spiritualism, for land nationalisation, against the Moon having canals, and for social change and the progress and improvement of mankind. He did not believe in religion, but he did believe in spiritualism. He was a radical in politics, economics and social reform. He was a kind and honourable person, but he could be a tough opponent if he thought something unfair was going on. Even the titles of some of his books were sensational, as for example:


title: Hobbit

text: Hobbits are a fictional race in the Middle-earth world invented by J. R. R. Tolkien, also often called "halflings".


title: Turing test

text: The Turing test is a test to see if a computer can interact with a person. The human should not be able to realise it is interacting with a computer.


title: Hobbit

text: They appeared in the books "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings". Several important main characters in those books are hobbits, such as Bilbo Baggins and Frodo Baggins.


title: Turing test

text: Alan Turing thought that if a human could not tell the difference between another human and the computer, then the computer had shown intelligent behaviour.


title: Hobbit

text: Hobbits (or similar beings) have become very popular and are now often used in fantasy fiction and (video) games.


title: Turing test

text: A person has a telegraph, and is connected to two communication partners. One of the two correspondents is a machine. The person can ask anything with the telegraph. If the person cannot tell which of the two is the machine more than 50% of the time, then the machine is said to be "intelligent".


title: Hobbit

text: Hobbits are like small humans between two and four foot tall (between 60 and 120 centimeters). They have hair/fur on the top side of their feet, leathery foot-soles, and slightly pointed ears. They tend to be stout and often have brown and curly hair. Male hobbits do not have beards. Hobbits live longer compared to humans, and many hobbits reach the age of 100.


title: Turing test

text: Later on, people narrowed down the test. A human is unlikely to know everything. Therefore, both the human and the machine would be specialists in some field of knowledge. So would the person asking.


title: Hobbit

text: Hobbits are a peaceful people and live a simple, pre-industrial life in the land which they call The Shire, and also in Bree-land.


title: Turing test

text: The comic strip Dilbert makes several mentions to the PHB (Pointy Haired Boss) failing the Turing test.


title: Hobbit

text: A typical hobbit-house has a long hallway with rooms on both sides, and round doors and windows. Originally these were underground in hills, then the house was called a "smial"; but this architecture(style of building) is also used for 'normal' houses above ground.


title: Homonym

text: A homonym is a word that has more than one meaning. For example, "right" means moral, the opposite of left, and a personal freedom.


title: Homonym

text: Definition: one of a group of words that share the same spelling and pronunciation but have different meanings.


title: Homonym

text: The point is that homonyms are both homophones (they sound the same) and homographs (they look the same).


title: Massively multiplayer online role-playing game

text: A massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) is a massively multiplayer online game (MMOG) that is a role-playing game (RPG). It is an RPG which is played online (on the internet) by a very large number of people at the same time.


title: Paul Bettany

text: Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English movie, voice, television, and stage actor. He voiced J.A.R.V.I.S. in the movies "Iron Man", "Iron Man 2" "The Avengers", and "Iron Man 3". He played the fictional character Vision in "" and "". Bettany was born in Shepherd's Bush, London, England. He has been married to Jennifer Connelly since 2003. They have three children.


title: Political prisoner

text: A political prisoner is a person imprisoned for political activities, or because they oppose or criticize the government in their country.


title: Political prisoner

text: In October 2012, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) passed a resolution to define "political prisoner". A person in prison is a "political prisoner:


title: Epistaxis

text: Epistaxis is when blood comes out of the nose. It is more commonly known as a nosebleed. Even though nosebleeds can seem scary, they are usually not serious or life threatening. Most nosebleeds happen in the front of the nose, and these are called "anterior nosebleeds". Sometimes, people get nosebleeds in the back of their noses, called "posterior nosebleeds". These are more serious, and somebody who has one may have to go to the hospital.


title: Epistaxis

text: Nosebleeds are more frequent during the winter months. During this time, more upper respiratory infections occur and changes in temperature and humidity are larger.


title: Epistaxis

text: Many people tilt their heads back during a nosebleed, but this is actually not safe because it can make blood go down their throats and make them choke or get sick. Instead, the best way to deal with a nosebleed is to tilt one's head forward and pinch the bottom of their nose between one's nostrils with a wet piece of tissue paper.


title: Richard Cromwell

text: Richard Cromwell (4 October 1626 – 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and the second Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, for little over eight months, from 3 September 1658 until 25 May 1659. Richard Cromwell's enemies called him "Hickory Dick" and "Queen Dick".


title: Richard Cromwell

text: Richard Cromwell was not suited to ruling the country. He followed his father as ruler only because he was Oliver's oldest living son, and people expected one of Oliver's sons to follow him. After a short time, he gave up power and he knew that many of the people wanted King Charles II to come back from Holland and rule the country. When it was agreed that Charles would return, Richard thought it would be best for him to leave Britain, and he went to live in France for a while. He changed his name to "John Clarke" and travelled around Europe, not returning home for twenty years. When he came back, he lived quietly outside London for the rest of his life.


title: Richard Cromwell

text: The nursery rhyme "Hickory Dickory Dock" is actually about Richard Cromwell. One of Richard's nicknames was Hickory Dick. The mouse in the rhyme runs down when the clock strikes one and Cromwell only reigned for one year.


title: War of the Third Coalition

text: The War of the Third Coalition was a European War during the years 1803 to 1806. During the war, France and the countries it conquered, led by Napoleon I, defeated an alliance, called The Third Coalition. The Third Coalition was made up of the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Britain and others. The main fighting in Central Europe ended with Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 but a smaller campaign continued in Italy until Napoleon won there, too.


title: Rockefeller Center

text: Rockefeller Center is a group of buildings covering between 48th and 51st streets in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. The buildings connect together underground. An ice-skating rink is located in the middle. Rockefeller Center also has a skyscraper called 30 Rockefeller Plaza.


title: Rockefeller Center

text: Rockefeller Center was made by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. during the Great Depression in the 1930s between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. Construction finished in 1939. It is decorated in Art Deco style. It became a National Historic Place in December 1987. In the 1970s, more buildings were made to the west of Sixth Avenue.


title: Michael Chang

text: Michael Te-pei Chang (; born February 22, 1972) is an American retired tennis player. He was the youngest-ever male winner of a Grand Slam singles title, when he won the French Open in 1989 at the age of 17.


title: Michael Chang

text: Chang was often in the Top 10 in the Association of Tennis Professionals world rankings for several years in the 1990s. His highest ranking (that is, the order in which it is shown how good he is in the sport at a certain time) was World No. 2.


title: Michael Chang

text: When he won the French Open in 1989, Chang had a well known semi-final match with Ivan Lendl. Before the match, many people thought the unseeded Chang would lose to the No. 1 ranked Lendl. At first Chang was losing, but he won the important third set. Starting then, Chang began to have leg cramps, but won the match through determination. Today, many people remember this game as one of his best matches when the name Michael Chang is mentioned.


title: Michael Chang

text: Chang was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, United States. His parents are Taiwanese. Chang is a Christian. With his family he started the Chang Family Foundation in 1999 "to introduce the Good News of Jesus Christ to the world".


title: Varun Dhawan

text: Varun Dhawan is an Indian actor who works in Hindi movies. Varun began his work in film industry in 2010 with the movie "My Name Is Khan". He debuted his career as a lead role with "Student of the Year" with Sidharth Malhotra and Alia Bhatt. He became famous with lots of other movies such as the romantic comedies "Main Tera Hero" (2014), "Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania" (2014), and "Badrinath Ki Dulhania" (2017). Later, Varun appears many commercially successful movies as a leading actor and some of which highest-grossing releases came such as "ABCD 2" (2015) and "Street Dancer 3D" (2020). He was also given credit for "Judwaa 2" (2018), and "Sui Dhaaga" (2018). However, the success of the eleven movies he had was followed by flops of his later movies "Kalank" (2019), "Street Dancer 3D" (2020), and "Coolie No. 1" (2020).


title: Sadhguru

text: Jagadish "Jaggi" Vasudev (born 3 September 1957), more commonly called Sadhguru, is an Indian yoga guru.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: Michael Dale "Mike" Huckabee (born August 24, 1955) is a former governor of the U.S. state of Arkansas. He was governor from 1996 to 2007. He is a Republican. He is also a Southern Baptist minister. He wanted to be President of the United States in the 2008 election, but did not get picked by his party.


title: Keith Moon

text: Keith John Moon (23 August 1946 – 7 September 1978) was an English drummer best known as being a member of the rock band The Who. He was famous for his frantic drumming style, his use of fills, his destructive, volatile behavior and his heavy drinking that help earn him the nickname ""Moon the Loon."" Keith Moon joined The Who in 1964. He played on all the band's albums and singles from their debut, 1965 to 1978. "Who Are You" was his last album with The Who. It was released two weeks before his death. He died of an accidental drug overdose in Mayfair, London.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: Huckabee was born in Hope, Arkansas. His parents were Mae Elder and Dorsey Huckabee. Several of his ancestors were slave owners in Georgia and Arkansas. He studied at Ouachita Baptist University and at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.


title: Keith Moon

text: Twelve years after his death, in 1990, Keith Moon was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Who. He is considered one of the greatest rock drummers of all time.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: In 1996, incumbent Democratic governor Jim Guy Tucker was convicted of fraud. Within a few hours, Tucker reinstated his resignation after Huckabee threatened to initiate impeachment proceedings against Tucker. Huckabee was sworn in as Governor of Arkansas on July 15, 1996.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: In November 1998, Huckabee was elected to a full four-year term by defeating retired Colonel Gene McVay in the primary and Jonesboro attorney Bill Bristow in the general election, becoming the state's third elected Republican Governor since Reconstruction.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: In November 2002, Huckabee was reelected to his second four-year term by defeating State Treasurer Jimmie Lou Fisher, garnering 53 percent of the vote. His reelection came despite the defeat in the general election of fellow Republican U.S. Senator Tim Hutchinson. By the end of his term, Huckabee held the third-longest tenure of any Arkansas Governor. Only Democrats Orval Faubus, who served six consecutive two-year terms (1955–1967), and Bill Clinton, who served 11 years, 11 months (1979–1981; 1983–1992), had longer tenures.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: Huckabee announced his run for the White House on "Meet the Press" on January 28, 2007. He lost the Republican primaries to John McCain.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: On May 5, 2015, Huckabee announced that he will seek the 2016 Republican nomination for President of the United States. It will be his second run for the U.S. presidency. He suspended his campaign on February 1, 2016.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: After 2008, he began hosting a news talk show on the Fox News television channel. The show, called "Huckabee", ran until 2015 when Huckabee retired. He has also written several books, many of which have been best sellers.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: In his spare time, Huckabee plays guitar in a band. On his television show he has played guitar with a number of famous artists, including Willie Nelson, Def Leppard, and Ted Nugent.


title: Mike Huckabee

text: Huckabee married Janet Huckabee in 1974. They have four children - John, Mark, David, and Sarah. Sarah was the White House Press Secretary under the Donald Trump administration.


title: Continental AG

text: Continental AG is a leading German automotive manufacturing company specializing in tires, brake systems, automotive safety, powertrain and chassis components, tachographs, and other parts for the automotive and transportation industries. Continental is based in Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany.


title: Continental AG

text: Continental was founded in 1871 as a rubber manufacturer, "Continental-Caoutchouc und Gutta-Percha Compagnie".


title: Islamic feminism

text: Feminism is the idea that different sexes and genders are equal in society, that no sex or gender is better or worse than another. Feminism wants women and men to have equal status and equal rights in society. Islamic feminism tries to bring these ideas to countries in which most people are Muslim.


title: Islamic feminism

text: People who are in favor of the idea also say that there are several countries with Muslim majorities, where women had important roles: there were female heads of state, prime ministers, and state secretaries. Examples of such women are Lala Shovkat of Azerbaijan, Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan, Mame Madior Boye of Senegal, Tansu Çiller of Turkey, Kaqusha Jashari of Kosovo, and Megawati Sukarnoputri of Indonesia. In Bangladesh, Khaleda Zia was elected the country's first female prime minister in 1991. She served as prime minister until 2009. Sheikh Hasina replaced her. Hasina is still prime minister in 2021. This makes Bangladesh the country with the longest continuous female premiership.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Unlike other feminists, who are usually secular, Islamic feminists want to use Islam and its teachings for their ideas.


title: Islamic feminism

text: One of the things Islamic feminists want to reach is that men and women are truly equal in all aspects of daily life, and in society. They also want to include non-Muslims in their view and debate. Islamic scholars see Islamic feminism as more radical as secular feminism, because it uses Islam with the Quran as its most important text. As a "school of thought" it refers to people such as Morocccan sociologist Fatema Mernissi and scholars such as Amina Wadud and Leila Ahmed.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Islamic feminists read the religious texts with a feminist perspective. They can ground their arguments in Islam and its teachings. They want gender justice and the full equality of women and men in the personal and public sphere. They also want to include non-Muslims in this discussion.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Islamic scholars see Islamic feminism as more radical than secular feminism. They also think that Islamic feminism is part of the teachings of Islam with the Quran as its central text.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Recently, more people have been talking about the concept of Islamic feminism. Different groups in societies which are influenced by Islam wanted to get more support for some of their ideas and policies. In addition, educated Muslim women want their role in society to be more important.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Umm Yasmin, of the Centre for Muslim Minorities and Islam, says that feminism is often mistaken as a western movement. According to Yasmin, Muslim feminists have been active since the early nineteenth century. They do not want to change the religion of Islam, but rather "promote gender equality within a secular society". Yasmin also says that Muslim feminists have adapted their view: Islam can be seen in context, in order to speak about men and women being equal; for Islam doesn't condone violence against women. Since the nineteenth century, both men and women have questioned the legal system regarding the Sharia Laws: These laws say that women should wear a veil. They limit their education, and have an effect on women's seclusion, polygyny and concubinage. In this context, seclusion means that women need to stay at home, and that they need to ask for permission to see or talk to other people outside the family. Many Muslim women wanted to change these laws. They have started schools for girls, and have been opposed to veiling and one man being married to several women. In support of Yasmin's argument, Fatema Mernissi says that the fact that the ideal Muslim woman is shown as "silent and obedient" has nothing to do with the message of Islam. In her view, conservative Muslim men manipulated the religious texts of the Qu'ran to keep their patriarchal system. They did this to prevent women from breaking free, also sexually; with it, they justified a strict veiling and a limitation of women's rights.


title: Islamic feminism

text: says that Islamic feminism gets its understanding and mandate from the Qu'ran. According to her, it "seeks rights and justice for women, and for men, in [all] their existence." In her writings, she explains that radical Islamists have corrupted Islam with the image of patriarchy and oppression to women. This image is what the rest of the world sees and understands Islam to be. Asma Barlas shares Badran's views. In her works, she discusses the difference between secular and Islamic feminism. According to her, "in countries where Muslims make up 98% of the population, it is not possible to avoid questioning 'its basic beliefs.'"


title: Islamic feminism

text: Fatima Seedat agrees with both Barlas and Badran about the importance of feminism in the Islamic world. According to her, the term “Islamic feminism” is unnecessary since feminism is a “social practice, not merely of personal identity.” Seedat thinks that bringing Islam and feminism together creates more conflict. It allows Islamists to interpret the Qur'an to suit their political needs.


title: Islamic feminism

text: She believes it is important to show how feminism has existed in the Qur'an. In her view, keeping Islam and feminism separate is better for everyone. In the same article, “"Feminism, and Islamic Feminism: Between Inadequacy and Inevitability"”, Seedat explains that the fact that such a term exists, separates Muslims and isolates them from the rest of the world and the feminist movement. In her essay, she states that it is important to share what Islam has to offer feminism with the rest of the world. For this reason, Muslims who are feminists should not refer to themselves as Islamic feminists.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Moroccan writer and sociologist, Fatema Mernissi wrote the essay "Beyond the Veil". In it, she explores the oppressive status of women in Islam, sexual ideology and gender identity through the perspective of Moroccan society and culture. "Beyond the Veil" argues against the discourse on women's sexuality by breaking their silence with providing a voice against the dominance of male patriarchy.


title: Islamic feminism

text: "“O mankind! Fear your Lord Who (initiated) your creation from a single soul, then from it created its mate, and from these two spread (the creation of) countless men and women.”"


title: Islamic feminism

text: (Qur’an, 4:1)Allah created both men and women as peers. They were formed from the same soul and the same spiritual nature with neither superior to the other, as shown in the above verse"وَٱللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَٰجًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُم بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً وَرَزَقَكُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ أَفَبِٱلْبَٰطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَبِنِعْمَتِ ٱللَّهِ هُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ "


title: Islamic feminism

text: "And Allah has made for you spouses of your own kind, and given you through your spouses children and grandchildren. And He has granted you good, lawful provisions. Are they then faithful to falsehood and ungrateful for Allah’s favours? (72)" An-Nahl 16:72<nowiki>"وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ"</nowiki>


title: Islamic feminism

text: The believers, both men and women, support each other; they order what is right and forbid what is wrong; they keep up the prayer and pay the prescribed alms; they obey God and His Messenger. God will give His mercy to such people: God is almighty and wise. — Abdul Haleem<nowiki>"</nowiki> 3:195 فَٱسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ أَنِّى لَآ أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَـٰمِلٍ مِّنكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ ۖ بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍ ۖ فَٱلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا۟ وَأُخْرِجُوا۟ مِن دِيَـٰرِهِمْ وَأُوذُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِى وَقَـٰتَلُوا۟ وَقُتِلُوا۟ لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ جَنَّـٰتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ ثَوَابًا مِّنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥ حُسْنُ ٱلثَّوَابِ <nowiki>"</nowiki>


title: Islamic feminism

text: Then their Lord responded to them, "I do not waste the deed of any doer among you, any male or female. The one of you is as the other (Literally: some of you from some others). So, the ones who emigrated, and were driven out of their residences, and were hurt in My way, and fought, and were killed, indeed I will definitely expiate them of their odious deeds, and indeed I will definitely cause them to enter Gardens from beneath which Rivers run." A requital from (the Providence of) Allah; and Allah has in His Providence the fairest requital. — Dr. Ghali


title: Islamic feminism

text: Khawla bint al-Azwar, was a legendary female Muslim warrior/soldier during the life of the prophet Mohammad. Her brother, Dhiraar al-Azwar, trained her to fight and she fought with him in many battles. Because soldiers wore loose clothing, and wrapped themselves in cloth to protect themselves from the sand and dust, the fact that she was a woman was not known. After she had shown her talent and skill in fighting, she told the men who were close by.


title: Islamic feminism

text: According to Ahmed Elewa and Laury Silvers, many people have used Islamic tradition of the past 150 years to try to correct social errors done against Muslim women. According to them, a new form of Islamic law is being developed, to forbid practices such as female genital mutilation. People developing this law also want to make family codes (Personal law) equal, allow women to become clergy, or to help in mosques in other ways. They want women to be able to become judges in civil and religious institutions. Elewa and Silvers say that modern scholars see their work as restoration of rights provided by God and the prophet but denied by society.


title: Islamic feminism

text: As of the 2020s, there are many changes in the Muslim world. States where Islam is an important religion are often run by a single ruler, or a small group of people. These stats will need to change so that people can elect who represents them. Such a process is called democratic. When they go through this change, they will need to look to improve the situation of the people as to human rights, social justice and gender equality. Islamic feminists play an important role in this process. For example, in 2012, Jordanian women protested against laws that allowed the charge of rape to be dropped, if the rapist marries his victim, Tunisian women marched for equality for women in a new constitution, Saudi women protested against the ban against car driving, Sudanese women created a silent wall of protest demanding freedom for arrested women. Elizabeth Segran describes the Islamic feminist struggle of Malaysian activist Zainah Anwar. Segran says that just talking about human rights mentioned in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) does not create a direct response with ordinary women. Islam is the source of their values. For this reason, integrating human rights frameworks with Islam makes sense.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Islamists are advocates of political Islam. In their view the Quran and hadith want to establish a caliphate, an Islamic government. Some islamists say that women should have rights in public life. They do however not challenge gender inequality in the personal, private sphere.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Su'ad al-Fatih al-Badawi, a Sudanese academic and Islamist politician, has argued that feminism is incompatible with "taqwa" (the Islamic idea of piety). In al-Badawi's view, Islam and feminism are mutually exclusive. Margot Badran of Georgetown University's Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding (now the Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding) argues that Islam and feminism are not mutually exclusive and that "Islamic feminism, which [takes] its understanding and mandate from the Qur'an, seeks rights and justice for women, and for men, in [all] of their existence. Islamic feminism is both highly contested and firmly embraced."


title: Islamic feminism

text: Modern ideas of Islamic feminism started in the 19th century.. The Iranian poet Táhirih was the first modern woman to undertake Qur'anic exegesis. She was born and raised in a traditional Muslim family. Later, she became a prominent member of the Bábí Faith. During this time was openly against polygyny, the wearing of the veil, and other restrictions put on women. One of her most notable quotes are her final words before her execution in August 1852, "You can kill me as soon as you like, but you cannot stop the emancipation of women."


title: Islamic feminism

text: Egyptian jurist Qasim Amin wrote the book "Women's Liberation" ("Tahrir al-Mar'a"), in 1899. This book probably started the feminist movement in Egypt. In his work, Amin criticized some of the practices which were common in his society at the time: These were polygyny, the veil, and "purdah", i.e. sex segregation in Islam, amongst others. He condemned them as un-Islamic and contradictory to the true spirit of Islam. His work had an enormous influence on women's political movements throughout the Islamic and Arab world


title: Islamic feminism

text: Amin had a big effect on modern-day Islamic feminist movements. Despite this, present-day scholar Leila Ahmed considers his works both androcentric and colonialist. Muhammad 'Abdu, an Egyptian nationalist and proponent of Islamic modernism, could easily have written the chapters of his work that show honest considerations of the negative effects of the veil on women. Amin also uses many male misconceptions about women: In his view, women are unable to experience love. Women also talk about their husbands when they are not present. He also thinks that Muslim marriage is based on ignorance and sensuality, of which women were the main source.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Amin was not the first to criticize the society he lived in. There were many women who did. The women's press in Egypt started voicing such concerns since its very first issues in 1892. Egyptian, Turkish, Iranian, Syrian and Lebanese women and men had been reading European feminist magazines even a decade earlier, and discussed their relevance to the Middle East in the general press.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Aisha Abd al-Rahman, used her pen name "Bint al-Shati" ("Daughter of the Riverbank"), when she wrote. She was the second modern woman to do Quranic exegesis. She didn't think of herself as a feminist. Despite this, her works have feminist themes. She began producing her popular books in 1959, the same year that Naguib Mahfouz published his allegorical and feminist version of the life of Muhammad. She wrote biographies of early women in Islam, including the mother, wives and daughters of the Prophet Muhammad, as well as literary criticism. Fatema Mernissi has argued that much of the suppression of women's rights in Islamic societies is the result of political motivation and its consequent manipulative interpretation of hadith, which is against the egalitarian Islamic community of men and women Muhammad had in mind.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Some versions of modern Islamic feminism do not use hadith at all, and only focus on the priciples written down in the Qu'ran. Riffat Hassan has advocated one such movement. She started a theology where what are seen as universal rights for humanity outlined in the Qur'an are prioritized over contextual laws and regulations. In addition, she claims, that if only the Qu'ran is taken as scripture, there is no story that women were created after men, or a story that they started the "Fall of Man". Other Muslim feminists have criticized this idea: They say it is too picky and ignores other elements of the Muslim tradition that could be helpful in making Islamic society more egalitarian.


title: Islamic feminism

text: The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) is a women's organization based in Quetta, Pakistan.


title: Islamic feminism

text: It promotes women's rights and secular democracy. The organization wants to involve women of Afghanistan in both political and social activities. In this way, they should get their human rights. RAWA will also continuing the struggle against the government of Afghanistan. RAWA thinks the Afghan government should be based on democratic and secular ideas - not fundamentalist - principles, in which women can participate fully.


title: Islamic feminism

text: A group of intellectuals led by Meena founded the group in 1977. At the time, Meena did not use a last name. They founded the organization to promote equality and education for women. Even if Meena was assassinated because of her views, RAWA continues to "give voice to the deprived and silenced women of Afghanistan". Before 1978, RAWA focused mainly on women's rights and democracy, but after the coup of 1978, directed by Moscow, and the 1979 Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan, "Rawa became directly involved in the war of resistance, advocating democracy and secularism from the outset". In 1979 RAWA campaigned against the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, and organized meetings in schools to mobilize support against it, and in 1981, launched a bilingual feminist magazine, "Payam-e-Zan" (Women's Message). RAWA also founded Watan Schools to aid refugee children and their mothers, offering both hospitalization and the teaching of practical skills.


title: Islamic feminism

text: In 2015 a group of Muslim activists, politicians, and writers issued a Declaration of Reform. This declaration also supports women's rights and states in part, "We support equal rights for women, including equal rights to inheritance, witness, work, mobility, personal law, education, and employment. Men and women have equal rights in mosques, boards, leadership and all spheres of society. We reject sexism and misogyny." The Declaration also announced the founding of the Muslim Reform Movement organization to work against the beliefs of Middle Eastern terror groups. In 2015 Asra Nomani and others placed the Declaration on the door of the Islamic Center of Washington.


title: Islamic feminism

text: Feminism in the Middle East is over a century old. The war on terror in Afghanistan directly affected it. It continues to grow and fight for women's rights and equality in all conversations of power and everyday life. There is currently a debate about what the status of women in Islam should be like. Both conservative and Islamic femininists use the same sources for their arguments: The Quran, the hadith, and prominent women in Muslim history. Feminists say that early Islam was more egalitarian; conservatives say that the gender assymmetries are "divinely ordained".


title: Desi Arnaz

text: Desi Arnaz (Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III, March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986) was a Cuban-American movie, stage, television actor, television producer and director, writer, comedian, and musician. He is known for playing Ricky Ricardo in "I Love Lucy".


title: Desi Arnaz

text: He was born in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. He was married to Lucille Ball from 1940 until they divorced in 1960. They had a son named Desi Jr, and a daughter named Lucie. Then he was married to Edith Mack Hirsh from 1963 until her death in 1985. Arnaz died from lung cancer in Del Mar, California, on December 2, 1986. He was 69 years old.


title: Eyelash viper

text: The eyelash viper ("Bothriechis schlegelii") is a venomous pit viper found in Central and South America.


title: Eyelash viper

text: Small and living in trees, the snakes has a lot of color variations. Note the superciliary scales above the eyes.


title: Eyelash viper

text: The eyelash viper is a small species of snake, and rarely ever grows longer than the length of . Females are larger than males. It gets the name "eyelash viper" because it has a small group of scales over its eyes which make it look like the snake has eyelashes. The eyelash viper comes in many colors like green, yellow, red, brown or even pink.


title: Eyelash viper

text: Like other snakes of the genus "Bothriechis", this species is arboreal, meaning it lives in trees. The eyelash viper is nocturnal. It is not known to be aggressive, but if annoyed or disturbed it doesn't hesitate to strike.


title: Eyelash viper

text: The viper is viviparous, meaning it gives live birth. It gives birth to around 10 to 12 young at a time. When they are born, young vipers are inches long.


title: Eyelash viper

text: Eyelash vipers capture their prey by ambushing. They feed on small rodents, small birds, frogs, and lizards.


title: Eyelash viper

text: The eyelash viper is also known as the 'eyelash mountain viper", the "horned palm viper", Schlegel's viper", and the "eyelash palm-pit viper". It is also known as the "bocaracá" in Costa Rica and other Central and South American countries.


title: Eyelash viper

text: The eyelash viper is found in southern Mexico, southeastward to the Atlantic lowlands, through Central America to northern South America in Colombia and Venezuela. It is also found in parts of Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and Peru.


title: Chinese economic reform

text: The Chinese economic reform () refers to the economic reforms in the People's Republic of China between the 1970s and 1990s. They were led by the Communist Party of China and Deng Xiaoping and started in December 1978. They were also called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics".


title: Chinese economic reform

text: Before the eighteenth century, China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies. Adam Smith agreed. However, Chinese economy began to slow down and even got worse by the 20th century. This was due to things like the First Sino-Japanese War and Second Sino-Japanese War.


title: Chinese economic reform

text: Part 1: In the 70s and 80s, they stopped requiring everybody to farm and stopped sending young people to the countryside. They also opened China to foreign investment, allowing people to start businesses. However, most businesses remained owned by the government.


title: Chinese economic reform

text: Part 2: In the 80s and 90s, the PRC allowed much more private control of business (less government control, privatization). They removed price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations. Still state monopolies in banking and petroleum remained.


title: Chinese economic reform

text: The private sector grew remarkably, becoming 70% of China's gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth happened, with the economy increasing by 9.5% each year.


title: Chinese economic reform

text: After 2005, Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao controlled the economy more heavily, reversing some reforms. Xi Jinping undid some more reforms by allowing the government greater control in some areas of the economy.


title: Chinese economic reform

text: Chinese society changed a lot because of these reforms. They greatly reduced poverty and increased average income. They have also led to China's rise as a world power.


title: Alternative hip hop

text: Alternative hip hop is a form of hip hop music that is very different from gangsta rap, crunk, and snap. A way to explain it would be that if "regular hip hop" was on the middle of a number line, gangsta rap, crunk, and snap would be on one side, and alternative hip hop would be on the other. Even though it is a form of hip hop, fans of alternative hip hop tend to also be fans of horrorcore more than "regular hip hop" or especially R&B.


title: Alternative hip hop

text: Alternative hip hop originally came from the United States, and some artists like Gorillaz sprang up from the United Kingdom. Examples of American alternative hip hop artists are Talib Kweli, Mos Def, (and the band they started together, Black Star), Common, Nas, Kanye West, A Tribe Called Quest, Jurassic 5, and Styles of Beyond. It started as a movement-of-sorts from hip hop artists against the "tasteless" hip hop that was popular in the 1990s.


title: Elmont, New York

text: Elmont is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in northwestern Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States, along its border with the borough of Queens in New York City.


title: Elmont, New York

text: It is a suburban bedroom community located on Long Island. The population was 33,198 at the 2010 census. It is known for hosting the Belmont Stakes, a horse racing competition.


title: Iveta Bartošová

text: Iveta Bartošová (8 April 1966 – 29 April 2014) was a Czech singer and actress. She played in the music poll Zlatý slavík (1986, 1990 and 1991). She was also known for her life style attracting the attention of the Czech tabloid media. She was born in Čeladná, Czech Republic.


title: Iveta Bartošová

text: On 29 April 2014, she committed suicide by throwing herself under a train in Uhříněves, Prague. Many people think that the reason why she committed suicide was because of the media harassing her.


title: Mesocyclone

text: A mesocyclone is a vortex of air, about 2 to 10 km in diameter (the mesoscale of meteorology), inside a convective storm.


title: StarPlus

text: StarPlus is an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India. The network's programming includes family dramas, comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films. It is also distributed internationally by Fox Networks Group, subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.


title: Mesocyclone

text: That is, it is air that rises and rotates around a vertical axis, usually in the same direction as low pressure systems in a given hemisphere. They are most often cyclonic, that is, related with a localized low pressure area inside a severe thunderstorm. Such storms can create strong surface winds and a lot of hail. Mesocyclones often happen together with updrafts in supercells, where tornadoes may form.


title: StarPlus

text: It was first launched on 21 February 1992. It was an English-language television channel showing international TV shows from the U.S., the UK and Australia, with Zee TV being the Hindi-language counterpart. After Star ended its relationship with Zee TV, Star Plus was turned into a Hindi-language channel. Star World became the network's English-language counterpart channel.


title: Mesocyclone

text: The word mesocyclone originated around 1970–75; meso- + cyclone] This word is first recorded in the period 1970–75. meso- is a combining form meaning “middle,” used in the formation of compound words.


title: StarPlus

text: In 2000, the company's CEO Sameer Nair and programming chief Tarun Katial introduced a number of new shows. It helped to solidify the channel's position as the leader in the Hindi-language television broadcasting area.


title: Mesocyclone

text: Mesocyclones are normally relatively very small in size; they lie between the synoptic scale (hundreds of kilometers) and small scale (hundreds of meters).


title: Taupe

text: Taupe refers to a dark grayish-brown color. The word "taupe" derives from the Latin name for the European Mole, "Talpa europaea".


title: Taupe

text: Originally, this referred only to the average color of the French mole, but like the colors pink and lavender, the name expanded (in the case of "taupe" beginning in the 1940s) to encompass a wide range of varying shades. It seems that this occurred because the color of the fur of the mole can itself be a wide range of shades, from gray through yellowish, brownish, and even purplish.


title: Taupe

text: The first use of "taupe" as a color name in English was in the early 1800s (exact year is not known).


title: Envelopment

text: Envelopment is the military tactic of attacking the enemy's flank or rear. This is done while keeping the enemy's attention focused on his front by the use of diversionary attacks. The envelopment makes the enemy fight in a direction they are the least prepared for. The maneuver requires a flank that can be attacked. Unlike a flanking maneuver, which uses the enemy's forward movement to create an attackable flank, envelopment depends on the enemy's defensive position, any obstacles and the terrain. The envelopment has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include being able to capture or defeat all or part of an opposing army. It offers less risk than other offensive maneuvers. Disadvantages include the possibility of an enemy counterattack on the weakened center or on the other flank.


title: Envelopment

text: Famous examples of the single envelopment include Alexander the Great who used it at the in 331 BC. Robert E. Lee used the tactic at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863. During World War II, German General Erwin Rommel used it successfully at the Battle of Gazala, which led directly to his capture of Tobruk in 1941. Some of the famous double envelopments include Hannibal at the Battle of Cannae where he defeated the Roman army in . In 1781 during the American Revolutionary War, American general used it successfully against British general , causing many of the British soldiers to surrender. In the 1944 during Operation Overlord, German troops were caught in a double envelopment by British and American forces.


title: Fred Dinenage

text: Frederick Edgar Dinenage MBE (born 8 June 1942) is an English television presenter, broadcaster and author. He was born in Birmingham, West Midlands. He is known for presenting "How", "How 2", and "ITV News Meridian".


title: Fred Dinenage

text: Dinenage was born in Birmingham. He was educated at Portsmouth Grammar School, an independent school in Portsmouth.


title: Paulinha Abelha

text: Paulinha Abelha, stage name of Paula de Menezes Nascimento Leça Viana (August 16, 1978 - February 23, 2022) was a Brazilian singer. She was the lead singer for the band Calcinha Preta. She recorded songs Including "Louca Por Ti", "Baby Doll", "Vou Te Dominar", "Trap", "24 Hours of Love", "Open My Heart", "Ainda Te Amo" and "Tutti-Frutti ".


title: Paulinha Abelha

text: Abelha began her singing career at the age of 12 in Sergipe. For three years, she invested in her career with her own band called "Flor de Mel", but her parents could not afford to support the band. This made Paulinha give up on the project. Later, she joined the band "Panela de Barro". She was a member of the band for three years, getting experience as a singer. Abelha was discovered by Gilton Andrade. He was the manager and director of the band Calcinha Preta. Abelha was one of the main voices of the band. She was a member for 12 years. During this time, They recorded 22 albums and 3 DVD.


title: Paulinha Abelha

text: She left the band Calcinha Preta in early 2010 and joined the band GDO do Forró. In August 2010, she left GDO do Forró to start a new project with her then husband, Marlus Viana. Viana was also a member of Calcinha Preta. In 2014, The duo said they were returning to band.


title: Paulinha Abelha

text: Abelha was married to Marlus Viana for ten years. They announced their separation in 2015. In 2017, she started dating Clevinho Santos.


title: Paulinha Abelha

text: On February 11, 2022, She went to hospital in Aracaju, Sergipe. SHe had symptoms of kidney failure. She died on 23 February 2022 from complication of the disease.


title: Alan Arkin

text: Alan Wolf Arkin (born March 26, 1934) is an American actor, director, musician, and singer with a career that had last for 55 years. He is mostly known for his Academy Award winning role as Edwin Hoover in "Little Miss Sunshine" (2006) and for his award-nominated role as Lester Siegel in "Argo" (2012).


title: Alan Arkin

text: Arkin has also appeared in small-roles or cameo appearances such as in "The Muppets" (2011). He has won a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Genie Award, a Drama Desk Award, and a Tony Award.


title: Alan Arkin

text: Arkin was born in Brooklyn, New York City on March 26, 1934. He was educated at Bennington College and The Second City.


title: Alan Arkin

text: Arkin was married to Jeremy Yaffe from 1955 until they divorced in 1961, later he married Barbara Dana from 1964 until they divorced during the 1990s, and is currently married to Suzanne Newlander since 1996. He has two sons with Yaffe including actor Adam Arkin, and 1 with Dana. He has lived in Carlsbad, California since 2007.


title: Jeremy Lin

text: Jeremy Lin (born August 23, 1988) is a National Basketball Association player who is currently a free agent. Lin is one of the few Asian Americans in NBA history. He is the first American of Chinese or Taiwanese descent to play in the league.


title: Jeremy Lin

text: Jeremy Lin moved to Palo Alto in California. Jeremy Lin was very good at basketball so he ended up playing college basketball at Harvard. Jeremy Lin created tons of excitement, especially the Chinese and Taiwanese people. This was soon nicknamed “Linsanity.”


title: Jeremy Lin

text: Jeremy Lin was a regular basketball player until the international sensation in February. He played for the New York Knicks of the NBA, and became famous for the awesome play he made in February. But that’s not all he’s famous for, he is also famous for being the first American-born player to play in the NBA related to the Chinese people.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: The 2021–22 Premier League is the 30th season of the Premier League, the top division of football in England. Manchester City are the defending champions, having won their fifth Premier League title in the last season. The season started on 13 August 2021.


title: 2021–22 Premier League

text: There are 20 teams in this season and 17 return from last season. The teams that came up from the Championship are Norwich City, Watford (who both return to the Premier League after being away for a year) and Brentford (who return to the top division for the first time in seventy-four years).


title: Atlantic hurricane

text: An Atlantic hurricane is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, usually in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer or autumn, with one-minute maximum sustained winds of at least 74 mph (64 knots, 33 m/s, 119 km/h). When applied to hurricanes, "Atlantic" generally refers to the entire "Atlantic basin", which includes the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.


title: Atlantic hurricane

text: Most Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes form between June 1 and November 30. The United States National Hurricane Center monitors the basin and gives out reports, watches and warnings about tropical weather systems for the Atlantic Basin as one of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers for tropical cyclones as defined by the World Meteorological Organization.


title: Atlantic hurricane

text: Tropical disturbances that reach tropical storm intensity are named from a pre-determined list. On average, 10.1 named storms form each season, with an average of 5.9 becoming hurricanes and 2.5 becoming major hurricanes (Category 3 or greater). The climatological peak of activity is around September 10 every season. Hurricane Wilma of 2005 was the most powerful hurricane ever recorded in history.


title: Yung Mung Sung

text: Yung Mung Sung is an upcoming Tamil comedy-drama movie written and directed by M. S. Arjun. Prabhu Deva features in the leading role, while Lakshmi Menon selected as lead heroine,while Thangar Bachan and RJ Balaji play other pivotal roles. The movie began production in February 2017.


title: Yung Mung Sung

text: Prabhu Deva agreed terms to work with newcomer Arjun for the comedy movie "Yung Mung Sung" in January 2017, with Vasan Visual Ventures taking the role of producers. Actors Thangar Bachan and RJ Balaji were also recruited for the movie, with the former signed to feature as the father of Deva's character. The team held talks with Catherine Tresa to play the lead actress, but her unavailability led the team to cast Lakshmi Menon in the role. Prabhu Deva was revealed to be playing a Kung Fu master in the movie, which is a period drama that travels from the 1970s to the 1980s.


title: Jumada al-Ula

text: Jumada al-Awwal (Arabic: جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأَوَّل, 'Jumādā al-ʾAwwal'), also known as Jumada al-Ula (Arabic: جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأُولَىٰ, 'Jumādā al-ʾŪlā') or Jumada Ⅰ, is the fifth month of the 12 lunar months in the Islamic calendar. The month spans 29 or 30 days.


title: Newquay

text: Newquay () is a town, civil parish, seaside resort, and fishing port on the north Atlantic coast of Cornwall, South West England. It is bounded to the west by the River Gannel and its associated salt marsh, and in the east by the Porth Valley. The town has been expanding inland (south) since it was founded. According to the 2001 census it had a permanent population of 19,423. It is the largest holiday resort in Cornwall and is served by Newquay Airport. The large beach provides very good conditions for surfing. There are numerous shops varying from the usual charity shops to shops selling many different brands of surf clothing. There are many places to enjoy eating within the town.


title: Newquay

text: As with the rest of the British Isles and South West England, Newquay experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest Met Office weather station is St. Mawgan/Newquay Airport, about 3.5 miles to the north east of the town centre. Temperature extremes in the area since 1960 vary from in June 1976 and August 1995 down to during January 1987.


title: Capoeira

text: Capoeira is a combination of martial arts, sport and popular culture that developed in Brazil, by African slaves and Brazilian natives, starting in the 16th century. It was made to give slaves a chance to escape and to survive. Capoeira was illegal in Brazil until the 1930s.


title: Capoeira

text: Capoeira uses strong and fast kicks, dodges and fast counter-attacks. It also uses acrobatics and simple take-downs.


title: Capoeira

text: Capoeira's history probably begins with the beginning of African slavery in Brazil. When Portuguese colonists began exporting West African slaves, Brazil, with its vast territory, received most of the slaves; almost 40% of all slaves sent across the Atlantic Ocean.


title: Capoeira

text: Although rebellions were rare, capoeira was invented as a hope of survival for slaves. If they managed to escape, as after an escape attempt, colonial agents were sent after the escapees. The martial arts were incorporated into a dance, to escape detection–with music and rhythmic moves, no suspicion could be raised regarding potential martial art training. Due to city growth, more slaves were brought to cities and so made capoeira more prominent and allowed it to be taught and practiced among more people. In Rio, the colonial government tried to suppress it and established severe physical punishments for its practice.


title: Capoeira

text: After slavery was abolished in 1888, free former slaves had nowhere to live and no jobs. They were thought of by the public as lazy workers. Capoeira then found a new role—as a dance of criminals.


title: Capoeira

text: They used capoeiristas (capoeira dancers) as bodyguards and hitmen. In 1890, the Brazilian government prohibited capoeira when police identified it as an advantage in fighting and they didn’t want criminals to have this advantage. After the ban, anybody caught practising capoeira for any reason would be arrested and tortured by the police. Some practises still occurred in remote places with guards to warn of police.


title: Capoeira

text: By the 1920s, repression of capoeira had declined. Mestre Bimba from Salvador, a strong fighter in both legal and illegal fights, thought capoeira was losing its martial roots due to the use of its playful side to entertain tourists. Bimba began developing the first systematic training method for capoeira, and in 1932 founded the first capoeira school. He called it Luta Regional Baiana because it was illegal to use capoeira in the name. By 1940, capoeira was legalized.


title: Capoeira

text: Today, capoeira is viewed as one of the symbols of Brazilian culture all around the world and in 1970 it was taught outside of Brazil for the first time. Capoeira presentations, normally theatrical and with little martiality, are common sights around the world.


title: Capoeira

text: The martial arts part, however, is still present and still disguised, just as it was in the time of slavery, and trickery is still present and expert dancers used. An attack can be disguised even as a friendly gesture, such is the expertise gone into the research of new moves. Capoeira is now a symbol of Brazilian culture, its ethnic amalgam, and of resistance to oppression.


title: Ophidiophobia

text: Ophidiophobia or ophiophobia is the abnormal fear of snakes. It is sometimes called herpetophobia, which is a fear of reptiles or amphibians. The word comes from the Greek words "ophis" () meaning snake, and "phobia" () meaning fear.


title: Ophidiophobia

text: This is a phobia, so it does not include people who do not like snakes or fear them for their venom. A person with ophidiophobia (called an ophidiophobe) not only fears them when in live contact, but is scared to think about them or even see them in video or still pictures.