title: Mumia

text: The powder was said to work against almost any disease. To mummify a corpse, tar was used. It was said this tar had magical powers. It was also said to be an aphrodisiac.


title: Joseph Hannesschläger

text: Joseph Hannesschläger (2 June 1962 – 20 January 2020) was a German actor and musician. He was born in Munich. He played the main role of Chief of Police Korbinian Hofer in "Die Rosenheim-Cops" from 2002 to 2019.


title: 2018 lower Puna eruption

text: The 2018 lower Puna eruption, which began May 3, 2018 is an ongoing volcanic event on the island of Hawaii on Kīlauea while at the time day, faced a 6.9 earthquake. It caused outbreaks of lava fountains up to high, lava flows and volcanic gas in the Leilani Estates on the island of Hawaii.


title: No Fear

text: No Fear is an American lifestyle clothing brand. No Fear was created in 1989 by Mark Simo, Brian Simo, and Marty Moates. Their products are sold at many different store as well as many company owned store. The shirts that the company sells usually have a existential slogan or a quote that advertises the qualities of extreme sports. Their brand was popular in the mid-1990s.


title: Joan B. Lee

text: Joan Boocock Lee (Joan Clayton Boocock; February 5, 1922 - July 6, 2017) was a English-born American hat model and actress. She was known for her 69-year marriage to comic book writer Stan Lee.


title: Joseph Hannesschläger

text: In October 2019, Hannesschläger was diagnosed with neuroendocrine cancer. He died from the disease in Munich on 20 January 2020 at the age of 57.


title: 2018 lower Puna eruption

text: As of May 6, 2018, the eruption has caused in the destruction of 26 houses. This volcanic event is the 62nd episode of the ongoing east rift zone eruption that began in January 1983.


title: No Fear

text: Aside from clothing, the company also sells energy drinks. They sponsor mixed martial artist Urijah Faber and were the official drink of World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) before they merged with Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).


title: Joan B. Lee

text: In the 1940s, Lee was a hat model in New York City when she met Stan Lee. In her later years, she became a voice actress and provided her voice in "Spider-Man" and "Fantastic Four" both in the 1990s.


title: 2018 lower Puna eruption

text: On May 3, 2018, after a 5.0 earthquake earlier in the day, steaming ground cracks opened in Leilani Estate and began to spew lava, causing evacuations of the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens areas. The next day, May 4, the first two homes were reported destroyed in Leilani Estates from three erupting vents.


title: Joan B. Lee

text: Lee died on July 6, 2017 in Los Angeles from stroke-related complications after being hospitalized for a week. She was 95 years old.


title: 2018 lower Puna eruption

text: The Civil Defense Agency reported extreme levels of sulphur dioxide gas in the area, and Talmadge Magno, the Civil Defense Administrator for Hawaii County, stated that power lines had melted off the poles due to heat.


title: 2018 lower Puna eruption

text: By May 25, 2018, over 20 fissures had erupted lava in or near the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens subdivisions, resulting in the destruction of at least 82 structures in lower Puna. The eruption forced the evacuation of about two thousand residents.


title: 2018 lower Puna eruption

text: The fissures had sent lava rivers that on May 19 buried part of Hawaii Route 137 and began flowing into the ocean. On May 29 the approach of lava forced closure of Hawaii Route 132.


title: 2018 lower Puna eruption

text: By July 12, over of land had been covered by lava flows. About of new land has been created in the ocean. The official number of houses destroyed by the ongoing eruption reached 700 on July 9. The eruption was said to have stopped near August 15, 2018.


title: Differences between butterflies and moths

text: The Lepidoptera are the butterflies and moths. However, though the butterflies are a natural monophyletic group, moths are not. Butterflies are often put in the suborder Rhopalocera, which includes Papilionoidea (true butterflies), the Hesperiidae (skippers), and the Hedylidae (butterfly moths).


title: 2015 Stanley Cup Finals

text: The Western Conference champion Chicago Blackhawks defeated the Eastern Conference champion Tampa Bay Lightning four games to two. This was the sixth championship for the Blackhawks.


title: Cath Kidston

text: Catherine Isabel "Cath" Kidston (born 6 November 1958) is a British fashion designer, businesswoman and writer.


title: Amir Ahmed Khan

text: Amir Ahmed Khan, Raja Sahib of Mahmudabad (5 November 1914 – 14 October 1973) was a prominent politician and leader of the All India Muslim League, during the Pakistan Movement. He was against the partition of India. When the Muslim League passed the resolution at Lahore for a separate Pakistan, he stood against it and formed All India Jamhur Muslim League to counter the move. The first session of this party was held at Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Raja Saheb was elected its President and Dr. Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi as General Secretary.


title: Georgios Souris

text: Georgios Souris (2 February 1853 Ermoupolis - 26 August 1919 Piraeus) was a Greek satirical poet, and journalist. He was nominated for a Nobel Prize in Literature.


text: In Linnaean taxonomy, moths are usually put in the suborder Heterocera. This tends to cover up the fact that they are not a true natural monophyletic group. However, moths do look and behave rather different from butterflies, which explains why people came to call them by a different name.


title: 2015 Stanley Cup Finals

text: Years in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column signify the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.


title: Cath Kidston

text: She owns the company Cath Kidston Limited. The company sells home furnishings and other goods. They sell in shops, online and by mail order. The company was valued at £75000000 in February 2010.


title: Amir Ahmed Khan

text: Later on he changed his mind under the influence of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and supported the idea of a separate Muslim state. He said that "...the idea of a separate Muslim state in India [sic] stirred the imagination of the Muslims as nothing else had done before." Khan migrated to Pakistan. He did not like the political turmoil in Pakistan, so he moved to Iraq and finally to England. He was Director of the Islamic Cultural Centre in London. He died in London in 1973. Later on his descendants went back to live in India.


title: Georgios Souris

text: He studied at University of Athens. From 1883 to 1918, he published the weekly newspaper, "Rome." Queen Olga prosecuted him, for his writing. He was a member of the Parnassos Literary Society.


text: Other taxonomic schemes have been proposed, but none of them is perfect. Both taxonomists and amateurs make use of the obvious differences between butterflies and moths.


title: Cath Kidston

text: Kidston grew up in Hampshire. She went to a boarding school. When she was 18, she moved to London. She worked for the socialite Nicky Haslam. She later set up an interior design business with a friend. Next, she opened her own shop.


title: Georgios Souris

text: In 2011, one of his songs was used during the Greek government-debt crisis. In 2019, there was a play about him, "A Roman named George Souris". In 2020, there was a "George Souris" Carnival.


text: The most obvious difference is in the feelers, or antennae. Most butterflies have thin slender filamentous antennae which are club shaped at the end. Moths, on the other hand, often have comb-like or feathery antennae, or filamentous and unclubbed. This distinction is the basis for the earliest taxonomic divisions in the Lepidoptera the Rhopalocera ("clubbed horn", the butterflies) and the Heterocera ("varied horn", the moths).


title: Cath Kidston

text: Kidston is related to nobility. Her uncle is Charles Allsop, the 6th Baron Hindlip. He used to be chairman of Christie's. His daughters are The Honourable Kirstie Allsopp and The Hon. Sofie Allsopp. They work as television presenters. They are Kidston's cousins. Both of her parents died of cancer. Kidston had breast cancer when she was 37 and has since recovered. Kidston's partner is record producer Hugh Padgham. They met when she worked as his decorator. They have a home beside the Thames in West London and another home in Gloucestershire. She has a step-daughter. She is dyslexic.


text: There are, however, exceptions to this rule and a few moths (the family Castniidae) have clubbed antennae. Some butterflies, like "Pseudopontia paradoxa" from the forests of central Africa, lack the clubbed ends. The "Hesperiids" often have an angle to the tip of the antenna.


title: Cath Kidston

text: Kidston opened her first shop after recovering from breast cancer. It was in London's Holland Park. It opened in 1993. The shop sold hand-embroidered teatowels and brightly renovated furniture. Kidston later described it as a "glorified junk shop". As of April 2011, she has 41 shops and concessions in the United Kingdom. There are two more in Ireland, eleven in Japan are three in Korea. More shops are due to open in Japan and Korea.


text: Many moths have a "frenulum" or wing coupling physically attaching upper and lower parts of their wings together. The frenulum can be seen only when a specimen is in hand. There are various types. It may be a filament from the hindwing coupling with barbs on the forewing. Butterflies usually lack these structures. Their wing coupling is usually done by simple overlap of wing edges.


text: Most moth caterpillars spin a cocoon made of silk when they go into the pupal stage. Most butterflies on the other hand form an exposed pupa called a chrysalis.


text: There are many exceptions to this rule. Hawk moths form an exposed chrysalis which is underground. Spongy moths sometimes form butterfly-style pupae, hanging on twigs or tree bark, although usually they create flimsy cocoons out of silk strands and a few leaves, partially exposing the chrysalis. A few Skipper butterfly larvae also make crude cocoons in which they pupate, exposing the pupa a bit. The "Parnassius" butterfly larvae make a flimsy cocoon for pupation and they pupate near the ground surface between debris.


text: Most butterflies have bright colours on their wings. Nocturnal moths on the other hand are usually plain brown, grey, white or black and often with obscuring patterns of zigzags or swirls which help camouflage them as they rest during the day. However many day-flying moths are brightly coloured, particularly if they are toxic. A few butterflies are quite plain, like the cabbage white butterfly.


text: Moths tend to have stout and hairy or furry-looking bodies. Butterflies on the other hand have slender and smoother abdomens. Moths have larger scales on their wings. These make them look more dense and fluffy. Butterflies on the other hand have fine scales. This difference is possibly due to the need for moths to conserve heat during the cooler nights whereas butterflies are able to absorb sunlight.


text: Most moths are nocturnal or crepuscular (active at night) while most butterflies are diurnal (active at daytime). There are however exceptions, including the diurnal spongy moth and the spectacular "Uraniidae" or Sunset moths.


text: Moths usually rest with their wings spread out to their sides. Butterflies frequently fold their wings above their backs when they are perched although they will occasionally "bask" with their wings spread for short periods. However some butterflies, like the skippers, may hold their wings either flat or folded or even in-between (the so-called "jet plane" position) when perched. Most moths also occasionally fold their wings above their backs when they are in a certain spot (like when there is no room to fully spread their wings). A sometimes confusing family can be the "Geometridae" (such as the winter moth) because the adults often rest with their wings folded vertically. These moths have thin bodies and large wings like many butterflies but may be distinguished easily by structural differences in their antennae (e.g. bipectinate).


title: Mobster

text: "Mobster" is a slang term for someone who is part of the mafia or a mafia-like group. A mobster is a criminal. The word " "Gangster" often means the same thing.


title: Electric Avenue (song)

text: "Electric Avenue" is a reggae song released by Guyanese singer Eddy Grant on his "Killer on the Rampage" album in January 1983. It is a reggae, synthpop, new wave, and disco song. Grant wrote and produced the song himself.


title: Michael Smerconish

text: Michael A. Smerconish (born March 15, 1962) is a talk show host. He has a radio program on Sirius XM Satellite Radio. He has a television program on Cable News Network (CNN). He is a lawyer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for the law firm Kline and Specter. Smerconish is a columnist for the Philadelphia Inquirer. He has often been a guest host for other talk show hosts. This includes Joe Scarborough of MSNBC and Bill O'Reilly of Fox News Network.


title: Electric Avenue (song)

text: The song is named after a market street in Brixton, London, England. It has been covered by many artists.


title: Michael Smerconish

text: Smerconish had worked for the campaigns of Republicans in the past. He had voted Republican. In 2008, he said he would vote for the Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama. He made this announcement on MSNBC's "Hardball with Chris Matthews". On August 20, 2009, Smerconish became the first talk radio host to broadcast live from the Obama White House. That show which included an interview with the President. The interview was held in the Diplomatic Reception Room. That is where President Franklin D. Roosevelt's fireside chats were held. The President took questions from Smerconish and his listeners on a variety of subjects. One subject was the recent debates on the pending Healthcare Reform Bill. Smerconish has interviewed Obama six other times.


title: Michael Smerconish

text: In 2010, Smerconish said in the "Huffington Post" that he had switched his party registration from Republican to independent. When it was said that David Duke had been tied to Republican House leader Steve Scalise in the past, Smerconish interviewed Duke to discuss this.


title: Knothead and Splinter

text: Knothead and Splinter are the nephew and niece of Woody Woodpecker. They first appeared in the cartoon "Get Lost!." Originally Knothead and Splinter were Woody's nephews in the New Funnies comic books. Knothead was Nuthead and Splinter was a boy. But in 1949, Nuthead was turned into Knothead and Splinter was a girl. In the late 1950's Knothead and Splinter appeared in both animated cartoons and comic books. They were both voiced by June Foray. Woody was voiced by Grace Stafford/Lantz/Lanza. Knothead and Splinter had rivals such as Heckle and Jeckle, Chip N' Dale and the Goofy Gophers during their time. They also appeared in The New Woody Woodpecker Show.


title: Bokul Kotha

text: Bokul Kotha () is an Popular Indian Bengali television soap opera that Premiered on 4th December 2017 and airs on Zee Bangla and Telecast Monday To Saturday at 9:00 P.M. The Show Stars Ushashi Roy and Honey Bafna in Lead roles. The Show telecast Monday to Saturday at 9:00 P.M. Bokul Kotha took the timeslot of Bikele Bhorer Phool.It is one of the Most Popular Serial Running in this period. In June 2018 it had a TRP of 11.2.The Show is one of the Bengali highest ranking serial in trp ratings.


title: Paola Locatelli

text: Paola Locatelli (born March 2, 2004), also known as Paola Lct, is a French model, influencer and entrepreneur.


title: Bokul Kotha

text: Bokul Kotha is the story of Bokul, who has been raised as a son. She grows up to be a tomboy, well versed in handling roles that are reserved for the boys. Bokul has short hair and feels comfortable wearing pants and shirts, unlike girls her age who obsess with their beauty.  Bokul doesn't want to waste her time on make –up and clothes.


title: Bokul Kotha

text: She is more interested to become her father’s support system. But a cruel twist in the tale comes in when her father passes away after which she is forced to take the reign of the family in her hands. Though Bokul is not interested in marriage, her mother and grandmother are always worried about what would happen in future when she would be married off.


title: Bokul Kotha

text: On the other hand, is Rishi, whose family does everything only after consulting the family guru, an astrologer. Rishi was to be married only if his natal chart matched the girl’s. Being a choosy person, Rishi has already rejected 40 women. As luck would have it, finally his natal charts match with Bokul’s charts. After much drama and confusion, the mismatched couple is married off. But Bokul is neither cut out as an ideal housewife nor is keen to learn the ways of the world as a married woman should.


title: Ricardian model

text: The Ricardian model is a model used in economics, named after David Ricardo. It is an easy way to explain trade between two countries, and the resulting gains. The model only uses workforce productivity to explain differences in international trade. Comparative advantages result from the difference of a single economic factor, that is labor. Workforces in different countries have different levels of productivity, and the resulting opportunity costs are different. In this regard, Ricardo used the ideas of Adam Smith regarding Absolute advantage, and developed them further. The model is described in Ricardo's main work, On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, published in 1817.


title: Gullah Gullah Island

text: Gullah Gullah Island was an American children's television series that features Gullah culture. It was on Nick Jr. from July 6, 1994 to January 9, 1998, with reruns from January 10, 1998 to their 9th birthday. It starred Ron Daise and his wife Natalie Daise. It was the first show designed for preschoolers to feature a black family. It was created by Maria Perez-Brown, Kathleen Minton Capano, and Kit Laybourne. It had 3 seasons and 78 episodes.


title: Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba

text: The "Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba" (English: Old Man and Old Woman planting Taro) or "Hanubi Hentak! Hanuba Hentak!" is a Meitei folktale originated from Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur).


title: Flughafen-Express

text: The Flughafen-Express (abbreviated: FEX) is a category of trains in Germany and currently only operates from Berlin Brandenburg Airport to Berlin Central Station.


title: Verónica Contreras

text: She played at the 1996 Summer Olympics, 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, 2006 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, 2006 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, 2007 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, and 2008 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup.


title: Ningthouja dynasty

text: The Ningthouja dynasty (; ) or the Mangang dynasty () is one of the longest ruling clan dynasties in the world. It is the most powerful ruling dynasty in the long history of Manipur kingdom, starting its power from 33 AD and ended in 1972 AD. It was founded by Emperor Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa, whose identity is often mingled with that of Pakhangpa, the serpentine dragon god of Meitei mythology and religion. The Ningthouja dynasty was one of the three most powerful dynasties, the others being Luwang dynasty and Khuman dynasty.


title: Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba

text: Once there was a childless old couple, who used to treat a group of monkeys, from the nearby forest, kindly like their own children. One day, the old couple was planting taro plants ("paan" or "paal" in Meitei) in their kitchen garden. Seeing that, the monkeys told the two that it was actually not the right way to plant taros. They told the two that the best peeled off tubers of the taros should initially be boiled in a pot until softened and after getting cooled, these should be planted by wrapping in the banana leaves tightly. The old couple believed the monkeys and they did so as suggested. In the midnight, the monkeys relished all the cooked taros from the garden. And in place of all those delicious taros, they uprooted some inedible giant wild taros from somewhere and planted them in the garden.


title: Verónica Contreras

text: In 2012/13, she won the Liga Nacional Superior de Voleibol Femenino championship. She played for Regatas Lima, AD A Pinguela, CV Universidad César Vallejo, and CV Deportivo Géminis.


title: Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba

text: In the next morning, the old couple were surprised at the sudden growth of the taros they had planted the previous day. The two immediately prepared a dish of the recently full grown taros and ate them. But as soon as they gulped some, both felt a tingling sensation in their throat. Unable to bear the allergy, both asked to give "hentak" (a traditional edible paste made from fish meat and some vegetables) to each other. It was only after they had the hentak that their allergy was cured. Realising that the monkeys had tricked them, the two devised a plan for revenge. And according to the plan, the old man ("hanuba" in Meitei) pretended to be dead, and the old woman ("hanubi" in Meitei) cried out loudly to make the monkeys hear her cry. Then, the monkeys came there and asked the old woman what had happened. She told them that the old man died after eating the taros. She asked them to help her taking the old man's body out in the lawn. All the monkeys, unaware of the plan, came inside the house. As soon as they came near the old man, he took up his stick and started beating them. Frightened, they all ran away. The old couple knew that the monkeys would surely come back. So, they climbed up on the attic and hid there. When the monkeys arrived, the attic broke and felt upon them. Thus, they fled the spot. Fearing that they might come back again, the old couple hid inside a large pot. When the monkeys came back, the old man started to fart slowly. Then, the old woman also farted but she did in an uncontrollable way that the pot banged on. The banging sound was too loud that the monkeys fled the spot and never came back.


title: Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba

text: "Hanubi Hentak", an animation feature film, based on the folktale, was produced by the PUPU FOLKs TV in 2017.


title: Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba

text: "Paan Thaaba" ("Planting Taro"), a play directed by Dr. Usham Rojio, based on the folktale, was premiered in MDU on 15th of August, 2018.


title: The Protopopovs

text: Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Belousova (often called "The Protopopovs") are former Russian figure skaters. They skated for the Soviet Union. They won Olympic gold medals in 1964 and 1968. They won the World Figure Skating Championships every year from 1965 to 1968.


title: Tipu's Tiger

text: Tipu's Tiger (a.k.a. Tippoo's Tiger) is an 18th century moving model, musical instrument and an art object. It was made for Tipu, the ruler of Mysore in India. It shows a tiger killing a European soldier. It is in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.


title: My arcade series

text: The My arcade consoles are a line of unauthorized handheld Nintendo entertainment system clones that attach to a TV set manufactured by various companies and sold by DreamGEAR, LLC. Most, if not all of these were manufactured in East Asia and are low quality. The consoles are most common in places like Walgreens and dollar stores, but excess inventory is sometimes sold in more mainstream stores like Meijer and Walmart. In 2012, DreamGEAR released My arcade portable gaming systems to stores which are 16-bit instead of 8-bit, and seem to use an unauthorized implementation of the Game Boy Advance hardware. Many of the games found on these handhelds contain copyright infringement. They repeat games with different textures and sounds.


title: Neal Sales-Griffin

text: Neal Sáles-Griffin (born July 28, 1987) is an American entrepreneur and educator. He co-founded the first coding bootcamp program in 2011 and is the CEO of CodeNow.


title: The Protopopovs

text: In 1979, Protopopov and Belousova defected to Switzerland. They became Swiss citizens in 1995. They continued to skate at ice shows and skating exhibitions through their seventies.


title: Tipu's Tiger

text: It was made for Tipu Sultan of Mysore in about 1795. Tipu Sultan used the tiger as his emblem, The tiger was a symbol of power but it was also a symbol of royalty in India. Tipu was quoted as saying he would rather live two days as a tiger than 100 years as a sheep.


title: Neal Sales-Griffin

text: In 2011, Sales-Griffin and McGee launched Code Academy, the first ever coding bootcamp, offering three-month intensive courses in web development and design. In 2012, Code Academy changed its name to The Starter League to eliminate confusion with a competing New York-based program called Codecademy. It was one of the first tenants of 1871,


title: The Protopopovs

text: They competed internationally for the Soviet Union. Their first coach was Igor Moskvin. Their second coach was Petr Orlov. After some disagreements, they left Orlov. They then trained without a coach at a rink in Voskresensk, Moscow Oblast. In 1961, they decided to work with Stanislav Zhuk to raise their technical difficulty.


title: Tipu's Tiger

text: The turning of a handle powers mechanisms inside the model. Air is sent through a pipe that makes sound, like the cries of the victim. The pitch of the 'wail pipe' changes as the man's arm moves. Inside the tiger's head air is pushed through two pipes to make a tiger's roar. The ivory keyboard which operates an organ is hidden.


title: Neal Sales-Griffin

text: In 2016, Sales-Griffin joined CodeNow as its CEO, a nonprofit coding school that focuses in on high school students in low income areas interested in coding, design and entrepreneurship.


title: The Protopopovs

text: The Protopopovs' first competition was at the 1958 World Championships. They finished in 13th place. At the 1960 Winter Olympics, they finished in 9th place. In 1962, they won the silver medal at the World Championships. They were the first pair from the Soviet Union or Russia to win a world medal in their sport. They also won silver at the 1962 European Figure Skating Championships.


title: Tipu's Tiger

text: The type of brass shows it was made in India, but it may have been made by one of the Frenchman in Tipu's court. Some historians to suggest there was French input into the mechanism of this automaton.


title: The Protopopovs

text: The Protopopovs' won their first major international gold medal at the 1964 Winter Olympics. It was the first Olympic pairs gold for the Soviet Union. From this Olympic Games to the 2006 Winter Olympics, only Soviet/Russian skaters won gold medals in pairs skating. That was the longest streak in Olympic history.


title: Tipu's Tiger

text: The design is inspired by the death of Hugh Munro, son of General Sir Hector Munro, who had defeated Tipu in battle. Munro was killed by a tiger in 1792 on Saugor Island.< Tipu saw this as a sign because he was called the "Tiger".


title: The Protopopovs

text: The Protopopovs won their first World and European gold medals in 1965. They were the first Soviet/Russian pair to win those.


title: Tipu's Tiger

text: The model was obtained when the British captured Tipu's capital and killed him in 1799. Richard Wellesley wrote:


title: The Protopopovs

text: They won Olympic gold medals for the second time at the 1968 Winter Olympics. At 32 and 35 years old, they were some of the oldest champions in figure skating.


title: Tipu's Tiger

text: The East India Company decided not to give the Tiger to the Queen, but to keep it. It was displayed in the East India Company Museum in Leadenhall Street, London in 1808. The poet John Keats saw it there and included it in his satirical verse, “"The Cap and Bells"”. In the poem, a Soothsayer visits the court of the Emperor Elfinan. He hears a strange noise and thinks the Emperor is snoring.


title: The Protopopovs

text: In 1969 they won the silver medal at the European Championships and the bronze medal at the World Championships. Those were their last major international competitions. They continued to compete within the Soviet Union until 1972. After retiring from competition, they skated in shows into their seventies.


title: Tipu's Tiger

text: It is in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Visitors can no longer operate the mechanism. A small model of this tiger is in Tipu Sultan's wooden palace in Bengaluru.


title: The Protopopovs

text: The Protopopovs contributed to the development of pairs skating. They created three kinds of the figure skating move called "death spiral". Dick Button said, "The Protopopovs are great skaters not only because they were the finest of Olympic champions, but also because their creative impact was extraordinary."


title: The Protopopovs

text: Belousova and Protopopov married in December 1957. They are usually called "The Protopopovs", even though Belousova kept her maiden name after their marriage. They decided not to have children because they wanted to keep skating.


title: The Protopopovs

text: On 24 September 1979, Belousova and Protopopov defected to Switzerland while on tour. They applied for political asylum. They settled in Grindelwald. They became Swiss citizens in 1995. Switzerland is still their winter home. Their summer home and training center is in Lake Placid, New York. On 25 February 2003, they went back to Russia for the first time. They were invited by Vyacheslav Fetisov, the Russian Minister of Sport.


title: Bujumbura

text: Bujumbura is the former capital city of Burundi. The city is at the northeastern corner of Lake Tanganyika. It is the largest city in the country. The city is the administrative, communications, and economic center of Burundi. Bujumbura has a population of about 324,000 people. The city makes textiles, soap and other things. Bujumbura is Burundi's main port. It transports most of the country's main export, coffee, as well as cotton, animal skins, and tin ore.


title: Bujumbura

text: The city center is a colonial town. It has a large market, the national stadium, a large mosque, and a cathedral. Museums in the city include the Burundi Museum of Life and the Burundi Geological Museum. Other things to see include the Rusizi National Park.


title: Bujumbura

text: Ferries sail from Bujumbura to Kigoma in Tanzania. The city is also home to the Bujumbura International Airport and the University of Bujumbura.


title: Bujumbura

text: Bujumbura grew from a small village after it became a military post in German East Africa in 1889 . After World War I, it was made the administrative center of the Belgian controlled Ruanda-Urundi. The city's name was changed from Usumbura to Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962 . Since independence, Bujumbura has been the scene of much fighting between the country's two main ethnic groups, with Hutu militias fighting against the Burundi army which has many Tutsi people in it.


title: Strait of Magellan

text: The Strait of Magellan is a passageway from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. It is just south of mainland South America and north of Tierra del Fuego. It goes through Argentina and Chile and a for long time the two countries argued over which one owned the land around it. Chile now owns it. The strait is named after Ferdinand Magellan. It is very foggy and stormy.


title: Heraclion

text: Heraclion is the biggest city of Crete. 132,000 lived there in 2001 census. Heraclion is in the north of Crete. It is near Knossos, the ancient capital of Crete and the center of Minoan civilization. Heraclion has a big harbor which it connects Heraclion with continental Greece. Heraclion has a hot summer Mediterranean climate.


title: Heraclion

text: The most interesting sight in Heraclion is the Venetian square with a marble fountain. Venice ruled Heraclion from the 13th to 16th century. There are still many important monuments from this time. The medieval fort in the town is another important sight. The fort was built by Arabians, Byzantines, and Venetians while each group ruled the city.


title: Ultrasound

text: Ultrasound is a type of sound with a frequency higher than humans can hear. This frequency, the upper limit of human hearing, is approximately 20,000 hertz (20 kilohertz).


title: Ranunculaceae

text: Ranunculaceae is a family of flowering plants also known as the "buttercup family" or "crowfoot family". Members include "Anemone" (anemones), "Ranunculus" (buttercup), "Aconitum" (aconite), and "Clematis".


title: Ultrasound

text: Some animals, such as dogs, dolphins, bats, and mice, are able to hear sounds which have a frequency higher than upper-limit of the human ear. This makes them able to hear ultrasounds. Children can hear some high-pitched sounds that older adults cannot hear, as in humans the upper limit pitch of hearing gets lower as a person gets older. This frequency limit is caused by the middle ear that acts as a low-pass filter. If ultrasound is fed directly into the skull bone and reaches the cochlea without passing through the middle ear, much higher frequencies (up to about 200 kHz) can be heard. This effect (sometimes called ultrasonic hearing) was first discovered by divers exposed to a high-frequency (ca. 50 kHz) sonar signal.


title: Ultrasound

text: Medical ultrasonography is commonly used during pregnancy. Ultrasound is generally thought of as a "safe test" because it does not use destructive ionizing radiation like x-rays.


title: Ultrasound

text: Ultrasonic cleaners are sometimes mistakenly called supersonic cleaners. They are used at frequencies from 20-40 kHz for jewellery, lenses and other optical parts, watches, dental instruments, surgical instruments and industrial parts. An ultrasonic cleaner works by the energy released from the collapse of millions of tiny (microscopic) bubbles near the dirty surface. The bubbles are formed by cavitation and collapse, forming small jets directed at the surface.


title: Magic (illusion)

text: Magic is the performance of tricks or the creation of illusions. It is a type of performing art that entertains audiences. It is done by a magician or an illusionist. The magician does things that look impossible or supernatural by ordinary means. Card tricks, disappearing beauties, pulling a rabbit from a hat, and sawing a person in half are examples of this kind of magic.


title: Economic growth

text: Economic growth occurs when the labor force increases the amount of the goods or services it has. This is through the population working harder or a technological advancement.


title: Abraj Al Bait

text: Abraj Al Bait (Arabic: أبراج البيت) is a building in Saudi Arabia. It was considered the world's tallest building from 2004 to 2011. It is used as a clock tower and is tall.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: Arturo Toscanini (25 March 1867 – 16 January 1957) was an Italian conductor. Most musicians think he was the greatest conductor of his time. His fame was legendary: he was probably the first conductor to become a world superstar. He had an incredibly good memory and could remember every single note of the large number of works he conducted. He had a photographic memory so that he could remember what the pages looked like. Sometimes he found little mistakes in the scores which no one else had ever noticed. He had a very keen sense of hearing and knew exactly what each instrument was doing. He also had a fiery temperament and there are movies of him shouting angrily at his orchestra in rehearsals. In the early days of gramophone recordings he made some of the first recordings of famous orchestral works.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: Toscanini was born in Parma in Italy. He won a scholarship to the local music conservatory, where he learned to play the cello. He joined the orchestra of an opera company and he toured South America with them in 1886. While performing Verdi’s opera "Aida" in Rio de Janeiro the audience did not like the conductor and they booed him so that he had to leave the stage. No one knew what to do at first, but then they persuaded Toscanini, who was only 19 years old, to put down his cello and conduct the orchestra. He did this brilliantly from memory (without looking at the music) and that night he became famous.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: When he got back to Italy Toscanini returned to his chair in the cello section, and took part as cellist in the first performance of Verdi's "Otello" (La Scala, 1887). Verdi was there and was very impressed when Toscanini asked him about a mistake he noticed in the score.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: Soon the young musician's reputation as a brilliant conductor of opera grew. He conducted the first performances of Puccini's "La Bohème" and Leoncavallo's "Pagliacci". In 1896 he conducted his first symphonic concert (works by Schubert, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, and Wagner), in Turin. By 1898 he was conductor at La Scala, Milan and he stayed there until 1908, but returned during the 1920s. He took the Scala Orchestra to the United States on a concert tour in 1920-21; it was during that tour that Toscanini made his first recordings (for the Victor Talking Machine Company).


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: Toscanini started conducting outside Europe: at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City (1908–1915) as well as the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (1926–1936). He toured Europe with the New York Philharmonic in 1930 and always had great success. Toscanini was the first non-German conductor to conduct at Bayreuth (1930–1931). In the 1930s he conducted at the Salzburg Festival (1934–1937) and the first concert in 1936 of the newly formed Palestine Symphony Orchestra (now the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra) in Tel Aviv, and later performed with them in Jerusalem, Haifa, Cairo and Alexandria.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: At first Toscanini agreed with Fascism but later, when the dictator Mussolini came to power, he became against it. He refused to perform an opera at La Scala and was beaten up, so he left Italy and went to the United States.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: There was no orchestra for him in the USA so they made a new orchestra for him to conduct. This was the NBC Symphony Orchestra, created for him in 1937. He conducted the first broadcast concert on December 25, 1937, in NBC Studio 8-H in New York City's Rockefeller Center.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: Toscanini was often criticized for not performing much American music and contemporary music (music by living composers). However, in 1938, he conducted the world premieres of two orchestral works by Samuel Barber, "Adagio for Strings" and "Essay for Orchestra (Barber)|Essay for Orchestra". In 1945, he led the orchestra in Carnegie Hall recording sessions of American music including "An American in Paris" by George Gershwin. He also conducted broadcast performances of Copland's "El Salon Mexico" and Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue" with soloists Earl Wild and Benny Goodman and "Concerto in F" with pianist Oscar Levant, as well as music by other American composers, including two marches of John Philip Sousa.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: In 1940, Toscanini had a disagreement with the NBC and he threatened to move to CBS. Although they agreed in the end it was this time that Leopold Stokowski began conducting some of the concerts and continued to appear sometimes as a guest conductor of the orchestra.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: In July 1942 Toscanini conducted the American premiere of Dmitri Shostakovich's "Symphony no 7". Due to World War II, the score was microfilmed in the Soviet Union and brought by courier to the United States. At first Stokowski wanted to conduct it but then he agreed that Toscanini would. Unfortunately for New York listeners, a big thunderstorm made it difficult to hear the music on the radio. Later the performance was reissued.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: The orchestra went all over the world with Toscanini. In 1950 the NBC concerts moved to Carnegie Hall. In a programme of music by Richard Wagner in 1954 Toscanini was not well and forgot how the music went. He never conducted in public again after that.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: Toscanini married Carla De Martini on June 21, 1897, when she was not yet 20 years old. They had four children although one died. He worked with many great singers and musicians, including the pianist Vladimir Horowitz who was a great friend. Horowitz married one of Toscanini’s daughters.


title: Arturo Toscanini

text: When he died of a stroke in New York City at the age of 89, his body was returned to Italy and was interred in the Cimitero Monumentale in Milan.


title: Alicia Silverstone

text: Alicia Silverstone (born October 4, 1976) is an American actress and activist. She was born in San Francisco, California to an English father and Scottish mother. Silverstone's movies include "Clueless", "Batman and Robin" and "".


title: Alicia Silverstone

text: Alicia was married to musician, radio show host and actor Christopher Jarecki on June 11, 2005. They have one child together, a son named Bear Blu Jarecki (born May 5, 2011). They divorced in 2018.


title: Subaru

text: Subaru is a car company that is part of a larger Japanese company called Fuji Heavy Industries, who also makes other things like buses and airplanes. Subaru builds cars in Japan and also builds cars in the state of Indiana.


title: Tim Conway

text: Thomas Daniel "Tim" Conway (December 15, 1933 – May 14, 2019) was an American actor, comedian, writer and director. He has worked in sitcoms, comedy sketches, and in movies. Conway is best known for "McHale's Navy" as Ensign Charles Parker. To younger viewers, Conway is known for Barnacle Boy in "SpongeBob SquarePants".


title: Subaru

text: Their cars are known for having all-wheel drive, which means that the engine drives all four wheels, instead of just the wheels in the front or in the back. They also have boxer engines, which means that the pistons and the cylinders in the engine fire left to right instead of up and down or at an angle.


title: Tim Conway

text: Conway was born Thomas Daniel Conway in Willoughby, Ohio on December 15, 1933. His mother was Romanian. He was raised in Chagrin Falls, Ohio.


title: Subaru

text: The name Subaru is a Japanese word for a star cluster in the sky named Pleiades, and the company logo has the stars in its picture in the same place as they are in the sky.


title: Tim Conway

text: Conway and Dalton had six children. One of them is radio host Tim Conway, Jr.. Conway and Dalton divorced in 1978. Conway's second marriage was in 1984 to Charlene Fusco. Conway and Ernest Borgnine were good friends until Borgnine's death in 2012.


title: Subaru

text: Fuji Heavy Industries in 1954 built a car called the Subaru P-1. It was named by the person who was CEO, Kenji Kita. From 1954 to 1997 the company designed and built other vehicles including the tiny 360 (1958), the Sambar (1961), the 1000 (1965), the R2 (1969), the Leone (1971), the Domingo (1983), the Alcyone (1985), the Legacy (1989), the Impreza (1993), the Sambar EV electric van (1995), and the Forester (1997).


title: Preston North End F.C.

text: Preston North End F.C. are an English football club. They are based in Preston, Lancashire. They play in the Football League Championship at their stadium which is called Deepdale. The club began in 1880. It has the nicknames "The Lilywhites", "PNE" and "The North End".


title: Preston North End F.C.

text: Preston North End was part of the twelve football teams that made up the English Football League in 1888, and were the first team ever to win the English Football League. Preston North End and Arsenal are the only two teams ever to win the Championship without losing a match.


title: Preston North End F.C.

text: The last time they won a major trophy was the FA Cup in 1938 and the club has not been in the Premier League for many years, but they are one of the most successful Championship clubs and regularly finish high up in the league.


title: Système universitaire de documentation

text: Système universitaire de documentation or SUDOC is a shared database used by the libraries of universities and other higher education institutions in France. It identifies, tracks and manages the documents which they hold. The SUDOC online has more than 10 million references. It allows students and researchers to find bibliographical and location information in over 3,400 document centers. It is maintained by the "Agence bibliographique de l'enseignement supérieur" (Bibliographic Agency for Higher Education).


title: Seshat

text: Seshat was the ancient Egyptian idea of knowledge, shown as a goddess. She became the goddess of writing, astronomy/astrology, architecture, and mathematics. When Thoth became the god of wisdom, Seshat was seen as his daughter, or sometimes, as his wife. In art, she was shown as a woman with a stylised papyrus plant above her head. This symbolised writing since the Egyptians wrote on a material that came from papyrus.


title: Anonymity

text: Anonymity means "namelessness" and comes from Greek words meaning "without name". It is when a person's identity or name is unknown. If a person is called anonymous, nobody knows who he or she is, or the anonymous person does not want to be found out.


title: Anonymity

text: The concept of anonymity has some important uses. It is vital for a democracy that votes cast in an election are anonymous. In that way, no-one can find out how a person voted in an election.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: Owain Glyndŵr (also known as Owain Glyn Dŵr and Owen Glendower), (c. 1355 – c. 1415) was the last person born in Wales to be Prince of Wales. He was prince between 1401 and 1416. He started the Welsh Revolt against Henry IV of England's rule of Wales. In the late 19th century, the Young Wales (Cymru Fydd) movement decided that he was the father of Welsh nationalism. Since then, he has been seen as a hero by the Welsh. There is a university in Wales that is called Glyndŵr University after him.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: Glyndŵr was born into an Anglo-Welsh family in about 1355. His family were reasonably rich and had large properties in the north east of Wales. He was educated in England, and later joined the English army. He took part in an attack on Scotland, and then later went back to Wales. After Richard II was overthrown by Henry IV there was a period of confusion, and Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn took the opportunity to take some of Glyndŵr's lands. Grey was a supporter of Henry IV, while Glyndŵr had supported Richard II.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: Glyndŵr sought help from Henry IV to deal with his land being taken, but Henry refused to take action against his supporters. Glyndŵr also failed to supply soldiers to the king for another attack on Scotland. Grey called him a traitor. Glyndŵr decided to take action against Henry IV. He gave himself the title of Prince of Wales in September 1400, and began a series of attacks against Grey and towns along the borders with England. Henry IV sent his army to Wales to fight Glyndŵr and regain control, but it had the opposite effect. It became a widespread rebellion against England.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: In April 1401 Glyndŵr's army captured Conwy Castle. The next year, at the Battle of Bryn Glas, also known as the Battle of Pillethl, Glyndŵr defeated the English army, and captured its leader, Edmund Mortimer. By 1404 a French army had landed, and together with the Welsh army they attacked Worcester.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: By 1408 the English forces were able to defeat the Welsh, and support for the rebellion collapsed. Glyndŵr still kept up attacks and raids on the English, but this was more of a guerrilla campaign than a full scale revolt. The last mention of Glyndŵr is when the English offered terms if he surrendered in 1416. It is believed that he was already dead.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: Owain married Margaret Hanmer (). Her father was Sir David Hanmer. Margaret had five sons and four daughters with Owain. These children were:


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: All of Owain's sons either died while fighting in war, taken prisoner and died as prisoners, or died with no children of their own. Owain also had children from other women who were not his wife. They were named: David, Gwenllian, Ieuan, and Myfanwy.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: After Owain died, most people did not care if the English people ruled the country anymore. During the time of the Tudor's, men from Wales, called Welshmen, started to become more famous in English society.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: Many people forgot about how important Owain was until the 1800s, when people started to celebrate his life. The "Young Wales" group made him the symbol of Welsh nationalism. Things that were owned by Owain were found in the National Library of France during this time period. They found his "Great Seal" and letters he had written to French people. A statue of him was made and put at Cardiff City Hall during World War I. Postcards were sold with Owain on them. The postcards were sold to make money to help soldiers who were injured in war.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: In 1808, the Royal Navy named a Fifth-rate frigate after Owain. It was called the HMS "Owen Glendower". The boat served in the Gunboat War. It helped take over the island of Anholt. During the years 1822 and 1824, the boat was in the West Africa Squadron, where it chased slave ships. It captured two ships.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: Nationally, Owain is as famous as King Arthur. Organizations use his name and drawings of him as their symbols to celebrate Wales as a country and Welsh culture. In the 1980s, a group of people called "Meibion Glyndŵr" burned down vacation homes owned by English people. They used Owain as their logo. In the year 2000, parties were held across Wales to celebrate the 600th anniversary of Owain's revolt. In 1974 and 2008, stamps were made with Owain on them. There is an award that is given every year for arts and writing called the Glyndŵr Award. The band Manic Street Preachers wrote a song about Owain in 2007 called "1404". There are many statues throughout Wales of Owain.


title: Owain Glyndŵr

text: There is a building at the University of Cape Town, called Glendower Residence, that is named after Owain. It used to be a hotel, and is now where students live.


title: Malthusianism

text: Malthusianism is a set of ideas developed by Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus. Malthus was an economist who lived during the industrial revolution.


title: Malthusianism

text: In 1798, Mathus published a book, called "An Essay on the Principle of Population". In it, he describes the Malthusian growth model. He wrote that the growth of the population is exponential. The growth of the food supply however is only arithmetical. This means if there are no limits to the growth of the population, that it will not be possible to produce food for all of them. This is known as Malthusian catastrophe. Malthus wrote during the time of the Manchester School of thought.


title: Malthusianism

text: The Tory party had paternalistic ideas such as charity for the poor. Malthus said this would not work, and it would only lead to increased numbers of the poor. The theory was developed into Whig economic ideas such as The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. Its opponents described the act as "a Malthusian bill designed to force the poor to emigrate, to work for lower wages, to live on a coarser sort of food". The act brought the construction of workhouses despite riots and arson.


title: Malthusianism

text: By that time the ideas were widespread in progressive social circles. One supporter was the novelist Harriet Martineau whose circle of acquaintances included Charles Darwin. The ideas of Malthus were a significant influence on the inception of Darwin's theory.


title: Malthusianism

text: According to Dr. Dan Ritschel of the Center for History Education at the University of Maryland, The great Malthusian dread was that "indiscriminate charity" would lead to exponential growth in the population in poverty, increased charges to the public purse to support this growing army of the dependent, and, eventually, the catastrophe of national bankruptcy. Though Malthusianism has since come to be identified with the issue of general over-population, the original Malthusian concern was more specifically with the fear of over-population by the dependent poor!


title: Malthusianism

text: One of the earliest critics of Malthusian theory was Karl Marx who referred (in "Capital", see Marx's footnote on Malthus from Capital - a reference below) to it as "nothing more than a schoolboyish, superficial plagiary of De Foe, Sir James Steuart, Townsend, Franklin, Wallace" and others, postulating that progress in science and technology would allow for indefinite exponential population growth.


title: Malthusianism

text: Many people today still believe that Mathus was right about human population growth getting out of hand.


title: Columbus Day

text: Columbus Day is a holiday celebrating the day Columbus landed on San Salvador. It is celebrated in many countries. This holiday is very controversial because of the way Columbus treated the Native Americans at the time.


title: Naomi Wolf

text: Naomi R. Wolf (born November 12, 1962) is an American feminist writer. She was born in San Francisco. She gained a Bachelor of Arts from Yale University. Her first book "The Beauty Myth" was published in 1990. In the book, Wolf writes that there needs to be a third wave of feminism. "The Telegraph" described Wolf as "the woman who made feminism sexy".


title: Transfinite number

text: In mathematics, transfinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite" in the sense that they are larger than all finite numbers, but not necessarily absolutely infinite. These numbers can be categorized into two types: transfinite cardinals and transfinite ordinals.


title: Transfinite number

text: Transfinite cardinals are infinite numbers used to quantify the different sizes of infinity—of which there are many kinds. For example, the number formula_1 (aleph null) is used to refer to the size of the set of natural numbers (or other sets having the same size as the natural numbers). Other such numbers include formula_2 (aleph one) and formula_3. These are called aleph numbers.


title: Transfinite number

text: Under continuum hypothesis, the number formula_2 is the same as the size of the set of real numbers. This number is sometimes referred to as formula_5 (or the cardinality of the continuum).


title: Transfinite number

text: Aside from transfinite cardinals, transfinite ordinals also exist. These are numbers used to describe the ordering of sets. For example, the ordinal number formula_6 is the set of all finite ordinals. It is also the first transfinite ordinal.


title: Imp

text: An imp is a mythological creature similar to a fairy or demon, usually described in folklore and superstition.


title: Everipedia

text: Everipedia () is a for-profit, wiki-based online encyclopedia founded in December 2014. The site was launched in 2015 as a fork of Wikipedia. The company is headquartered in Westwood, Los Angeles, California. In 2017, Everipedia was the largest English-language encyclopedia by number of pages.


title: Imp

text: Imps are usually described as mischievous more than a serious threat, and as lesser creatures, not important supernatural beings. The small helpers who attend the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as small and very active.


title: Everipedia

text: On December 6, 2017, the company said they were going to start using EOS.IO blockchain technology and work on a cryptocurrency token called IQ to encourage generating information.


title: Imp

text: Imps were the common name given to familiar spirits that served witches in the Middle Ages. Imps were usually kept inside artifacts such as gemstone pieces or vials and summoned for service with magic.


title: Everipedia

text: Everipedia was co-founded by Sam Kazemian, Theodor Forselius, Travis Moore, Mahbod Moghadam, George Beall, and Christian Deciga. It started as a small project of Sam Kazemian and Theodor Forselius in Kazemian's college dormitory room at UCLA in December 2014. In December 2017, the site announced that co-founder of Wikipedia Larry Sanger had joined as chief information officer. On October 18, 2019, Sanger announced that he had resigned from his position at Everipedia and returned his stock holdings in Everipedia without compensation in order to establish the Knowledge Standards Foundation and develop the website Encyclosphere. Explaining the venture, Sanger said, "We need to do for encyclopedias what blogging standards did for blogs: there needs to be an 'Encyclosphere.' We should build a totally decentralized network, like the Blogosphere—or like email, IRC, blockchains, and the World Wide Web itself."


title: Everipedia

text: Anyone can contribute to a page by making an account. Everipedia allows users to create any page on anything as long as the content is cited and neutral, even on non-notable topics. Startups, celebrities and other contributors are permitted to create their own articles, as long as the content is sourced.


title: Everipedia

text: Mistakes will inevitably be introduced into articles because Everipedia is a wiki, according to Moghadam in 2017 in "Paste". The site has been criticized for presenting false information in wiki pages on breaking news topics.


title: Non-periodic comet

text: Non-periodic comets are comets have only passed through the Solar System once. They do not orbit around the Sun, or they may take longer than 200 years to orbit. They are on orbits that will not bring them back to the Sun for hundreds, thousands, or even millions of years – if ever. Comets not expected to return to the Solar System include C/1980 E1, C/2000 U5, C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), C/2009 R1, C/1956 R1, and C/2007 F1 (LONEOS).


title: Non-periodic comet

text: The official names of non-periodic comets begin with a "C"; comets that have been lost or disappeared have names that begin with a "D", like 3D/Biela.


title: Maven (wrestler)

text: Maven Klint Huffman (born March 26, 1976) is a retired American professional wrestler. He is best known for working with World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment under his real first name.


title: Maven (wrestler)

text: He was the co-winner of the first season of Tough Enough along with Nidia Guenard. During his time in the WWF/E, he had notable feuds with The Undertaker after Maven eliminated Undertaker from the 2002 Royal Rumble and Evolution. He also won the WWF Hardcore Championship three times.


title: Forouzan

text: Forouzan (; 9 August 1937 – 24 January 2016) was an Iranian actress, producer, and dubbing artist. She started her career by voice dubbing. In 1964 she starred in Siamak Yasemi's ""Sahel-e Entezar"" but this was "Ganj-e Qarun", another movie by Yasemi that made her very famous. Her career came to an end because of the Iranian revolution of 1979.


title: Unsepttrium

text: Unsepttrium (), also known as dvi-francium or element 173, is a possible chemical element which has not been observed to occur naturally, nor has it yet been made. Due to instabilities, it is not known if this element is possible, as the instabilities may hint that the periodic table ends soon after the island of stability at unbihexium; however, if possible, it is likely the heaviest possible neutral element. Its atomic number is 173 and its atomic symbol is Ust.


title: Unsepttrium

text: Although Richard Feynman noted that a simplistic interpretation of the relativistic Dirac equation runs into problems with electron orbitals at "Z" > 1/α = 137, suggesting that neutral atoms cannot exist beyond untriseptium, and that a periodic table of elements based on electron orbitals breaks down at this point, a more thorough analysis calculates the limit to be "Z" ≈ 173, meaning that neutral atoms most likely cannot exist with atomic number greater than 173. This makes unsepttrium theoretically the heaviest neutral element possible.


title: American Civil War Corps Badges

text: Corps badges in the American Civil War were originally worn by soldiers of the Union Army on the top of their army forage cap, left side of the hat, or over their left chest pocket. The idea was suggested by Major Geneneral Philip Kearny. During a battle he reprimanded officers that turned out to not be under his command. To prevent that from happening again, he ordered the men in his division to sew a square of red cloth on their hats. This idea was adopted by Major General Joseph Hooker after he assumed command of the Army of the Potomac. This was so any soldier could be identified at a distance.


title: American Civil War Corps Badges

text: Maj. Gen. Daniel Butterfield, Hooker's chief of staff, was assigned the task of designing a distinctive shape for each corps badge. Butterfield also decided that each division in the corps should have a variation of the corps badge in a different color. Division badges were colored as follows:


title: American Civil War Corps Badges

text: These were used in the United States' Army of the Potomac. These rules were adopted by other Union Armies, however it was not universal. For example, the XIII Corps never adopted a badge. Also, the XIX Corps had the first division wear a red badge, the second division wear a blue badge, and the third division wear white.


title: American Civil War Corps Badges

text: The badges for enlisted men were cut from colored cloth. Officer's badges were privately made and of a higher quality. Metallic badges were often made by jewelers and were personalized for the user. The badges eventually became part of the Army regulations and a great source of regimental pride.


title: Maurice Tempelsman

text: Maurice Tempelsman (born August 26, 1929) is a Belgian-American businessman. He was the longtime companion of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, former First Lady of the United States. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium. He is also a general partner of Leon Tempelsman & Son, an investment company specializing in real estate and venture capital.


title: Madea

text: Mabel "Madea" Simmons is a fictional African American character. "Madea" is played by Tyler Perry in drag clothing.


title: Madea

text: Madea was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on April 26, 1935. "Big Mabel" Murfy was the name of her mother. Frederick Simmons was the name of her father. Madea grew up with a strict mother who was also nurturing to Madea's emotions. At age 9, Madea was charged for petty theft. When Madea was 16 years of age, her parents moved to Atlanta, Georgia. There, she attended Booker T. Washington High School. She had tried out for cheerleading and became a cheerleader. By the time Madea was 17, she began going out to night clubs and house parties. Her parents allowed Madea to party at this age. Around this time, Madea became a stripper and was given the name "Delicious". At 18, Madea was charged with illegal gambling, check fraud and identity theft. Around this time, Madea had at least two or three children. She supported herself and her children by pool dancing, stripping and professional wrestling. Madea graduated her high school in May 1959. That night, she had an affair with Thoedure Leroy Brown (also known as "Mr. Brown"). Madea became pregnant and had given birth to Cora Jean Simmons Brown. However, in the movie Madea's Big Happy Family, Mr. Brown had a DNA test which confirmed that he was not the father. Madea was diagnosed with type one diabetes and depression in her early 20s. She had became a bitter women around this time.


title: Madea

text: Madea's appearance is an elderly women who is not afraid to threaten anybody with her pistol. Madea usually helps her family through life situations, struggles and helping her family cope with one another. She teaches them wisdom; which helps them in their everyday life. Madea is also a forceful women who teaches young adults to act mature. Madea has been locked up in prison several times. She has outlived several of her husbands and lives off of their life security checks. Madea uses bad language and tone to speak to her family when they are disrespectful. She also has a bad temper and bad way of dealing with anger. Madea is known to be half African American and quarter-Cherokee Indian. She likes going to the casino on Sunday, rather than going to the church. Although Madea does not read the bible, she uses it to manipulate situations in order to justify what she had done.


title: South Holland

text: South Holland is a province in the west of the Netherlands. It is called "Zuid-Holland" in Dutch. It is surrounded by the North Sea and the provinces North Holland, Utrecht, Gelderland, North Brabant, and Zeeland. About 3,726,000 people are living in South Holland (2021).


title: South Holland

text: The biggest cities are Rotterdam and The Hague. The Hague is the capital of the province. The Hague is also the administrative capital of the Netherlands. That means that the parliament is there.


title: South Holland

text: Rotterdam has the largest port of Europe. Leiden, Gouda, and Delft have town centers with many old buildings. Zoetermeer is a quite new city. Most of it was built in the 1970s. Another important city is Dordrecht.


title: South Holland

text: In South Holland there are some typical Dutch landscapes. Near Leiden there is a region that is known as the "Bollenstreek" ("bulb district"). In springtime many large fields with flowers can be found here. These fields are called "bulb fields". Near Rotterdam there is a small village called Kinderdijk with 19 windmills near each other.


title: South Holland

text: The south of the province has many islands. The largest of them are Voorne-Putten, Goeree-Overflakkee, IJsselmonde, the Hoeksche Waard and the island of Dordrecht. These big islands are connected by bridges and/or tunnels.


title: South Holland

text: The most important rivers and other bodies of waters are Nieuwe Maas, Nieuwe Waterweg, Oude Maas, Haringvliet, and Hollands Diep.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: The 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a 6.3 magnitude earthquake which struck the South Island of New Zealand at on NZT. (This is 23:51 UTC). It was about 5 km underground. It struck the Canterbury region of the island and caused a lot of damage and many deaths in Christchurch, New Zealand's second largest city.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: It was the largest aftershock of the 4 September 2010 Canterbury earthquake, although it is being regarded as a separate earthquake. It was smaller than the September earthquake, but it was more damaging because it was closer to Christchurch and nearer to the surface of the earth. It also happened at lunchtime on a Tuesday compared to before dawn on a Saturday, which meant that more people were outside and in danger of being injured by falling buildings. Buildings were also already weakened from the previous quakes. The intensity felt in Christchurch was MM VIII.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: At the end of the first day 65 people were known to have died, and the number is expected to rise. Over 100 people may be trapped in one building alone. The New Zealand Fire Service says many people were injured and trapped in buildings. At 5pm local time Radio New Zealand reported that 80% of the city was without electricity. Water and wastewater services are not working in many parts of the city. People are being asked to use as little water as possible and to collect rainwater. It is expected that the State of Emergency Level 3, the highest possible in a regional disaster, will last at least five days. Medical staff from the army are being used.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: The "Sydney Morning Herald" reported that two buses and a number of cars were crushed by falling buildings.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: Buildings have collapsed around Cathedral Square in downtown Christchurch. The spire of ChristChurch Cathedral has completely collapsed. Christchurch Hospital was evacuated due to damage in some areas, but soon reopened to treat the injured. It has treated over 220 serious injuries so far, even though sometimes they were working by torchlight. The New Zealand defence forces have been called in to help move people out of the central business district. Fires were reported at the Canterbury Television (CTV) building.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: The Pyne Gould Corporation building on Cambridge Terrace has suffered a lot of damage (photo), and some of the building's 200 workers are believed to be trapped within. Screams have been heard from inside.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: The historic Canterbury Provincial Chambers building has also suffered major damage from the earthquake.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: The Statistics New Zealand buildings in Christchurch were also damaged. They were due to process much of the March 2011 census of New Zealand. The census has been cancelled because people living in Christchurch have had their lives seriously disrupted. This is the third time the census has been cancelled, the previous two times being during the Great Depression and World War II.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: ChristChurch Cathedral has lost the top of its main spire and its roof has fallen in. (photos ) Initial reports said 22 people were in the spire at the time of the collapse. However, after the building was made safe to enter over a week after the quake, and searched thoroughly, "no" bodies were located.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: Buildings in Lyttelton have been damaged; a fire officer said that 60% of the buildings in the main street have collapsed. The town's historic Timeball Station was also badly damaged. The New Zealand Historic Places Trust who own the building have decided that it is unsafe to try to repair it. It will be dismantled, if possible, and perhaps re-constructed.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: Around 30 million tonnes of ice fell off Tasman Glacier into Tasman Lake, about from the epicentre, hitting tour boats with waves 3.5 high.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: The quake was felt as far north as Tauranga and as far south as Invercargill, where the 111 emergency network was damaged and stopped working.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: New Zealand Prime Minister, John Key, said "All Civil Defence procedures have now been activated; the Civil Defence bunker at Parliament is in operation here in Wellington." Civil Defence has alerted all Urban Search and Rescue teams in Christchurch. The New Zealand Red Cross is also involved.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: Australia has offered help, and immediately sent a search and rescue team of 70 from New South Wales on a RAAF C-130 Hercules. Foreign Affairs Minister Kevin Rudd also said a second team from South Australia will also be sent with more equipment. Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard has offered John Key any other help he may need.


title: 2011 Christchurch earthquake

text: Christchurch International Airport was only open for emergency air traffic, but has now been opened to all local and domestic flights. The earthquake has affected all air traffic in New Zealand. Air traffic control services by Airways New Zealand, the national Air Traffic Control organisation, have been disrupted.


title: Pikwik Pack

text: Pikwik Pack was created by Mary Bredin, Frank Falcone and Rachel Reade Marcus. It was produced by Corus Entertainment and Guru Studio. The series premiered on Disney Junior in the United States on November 7, 2020, and on Treehouse TV in Canada on December 26, 2020 and of United Kingdom on Tiny Pop.


title: Pikwik Pack

text: The Pikwik Pack includes four colorful animal friends. Suki is a thoughtful hedgehog, Axel is a fearless raccoon, Tibor is a reliable hippo, and Hazel is an adventurous cat. They travel by land, sea, and air in their various vehicles to deliver packages. The difficulty can be rough rapids, stormy skies, or a foggy forest, but when the Pikwik Pack work together, they always deliver!


title: Pikwik Pack

text: Carter, ironically, does not feel relaxed in Relaxing Ridge. Meanwhile, the Pikwik Pack must get to Relaxing Ridge, which is higher than they’ve ever gone before(save “Above and Beyond”). Then, the team must do the improbable - go along the Towering River. Suki, Axel, and Tibor do not think the team has the will to sail up the river, but Hazel tries to teach them that you can do anything - so long if you believe in yourself, and Suki, Axel, and Tibor get the message and to Relaxing Ridge with the impossible - not a single obstacle. Meanwhile, an unnamed shark wants to clear the Towering River without a single obstacle, just like the Pikwik Pack, yet he keeps falling down to the bottom of the river, and also gets Hazel’s message, and then the shark sings You Are The Magic from Disney Enchantment. He then FINALLY makes it to Relaxing Ridge, making the delivery, reprising You Are The Magic after that, and then ending the film.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: Pei Haozheng (Chinese: 裴浩正; Pinyin: "Péi Hào Zhèng"; born Nanjing, Jiangsu in 1996), also known as Hotz Pei, is a Chinese origami artist, TV program designer, and Guinness World Record holder. He got his master's degree from the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore in 2021.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: Pei designed several origami-themed TV projects and hundreds of lifelike models, promoting the art form to a growing audience. His work has a positive influence on modern origami art because of its cultural value and humanitarian ideal. For instance, his "Zijin Grass" models have been known by over 100 million people as the "flower of peace" to remember victims.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: Pei is a special guest on various Chinese variety shows, including "Super Brain", "Forward to the Future", "Voice", "Day Day Up", etc.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: Pei started folding paper when he was in kindergarten. At first, he learned origami from teachers and parents, and later he copied the patterns from books.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In early 2007, Pei came across a crease pattern designed by Robert J. Lang, an origami master from the United States. It was mind-blowing for him, opening a new world of the craft.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: Pei continued to learn origami through theory books, such as "Origami Design Secrets" by Lang. As the quantity of his work grew, so did the variety and quality.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: During the middle school period, Pei created several unique designs, including a 60-centimeter-tall work featuring an angel with six wings folded from a 2-meter-long square sheet of paper. It took him numerous attempts to get everything right.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2016, Pei won a bronze prize at the International Origami Internet Olympiad (IOIO). The next year, he became the champion in the competition. For the event's final task, Pei folded an ancient Chinese woman holding a mirror from a sheet of handmade xuanzhi (rice paper), which impressed judges with its exquisite shape and Eastern style.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2018, Pei was invited to be the event's task designer. His work "Bailuyuan" was selected as the edition's mascot.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2019, Pei attended the Zijin Grass International Peace Summer School and taught origami to a dozen of international peace envoys.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2021, his renowned artworks, such as "Zijin Grass", "Yuanhang Bainian ("100 years of sailing")", and "Join Hands to Build a Peaceful China", were displayed in an exhibition — "The Praise of Youth · Centennial of the Original Mind" in Beijing, China. The exhibition attracted over 72,500 visitors.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2022, to celebrate the 103rd anniversary of the May Fourth Movement, Pei released a tutorial on how to use a newspaper to fold into a flower, named "The Flower in May" — representing the country’s young generation.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: On 9 September 2022, a Guinness World Record — The most origami flowers made from a single sheet of paper (100) was achieved by Pei in Beijing, China.The origami paper used measures 3 m (9 ft 10.08 in) x 3 m (9 ft 10.08 in) and was folded by 4 people. Pei and his team crafted an origami deer with 100 twisty roses on its antlers. It took the team for 5 days to complete it.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2017 and 2018, Pei was invited to attend the Chinese version of "Super Brain", a competitive reality show on Jiangsu Satellite TV. The show gave him an opportunity to meet Lang, both as judges for the show. Pei made 20 models for display there and Lang praised his techniques.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In late 2018, Pei took up the challenge of creating a solar panel in origami style at "Forward to the Future", a science show on China Central Television. He successfully built the panel that folds up to 1 square meter－while unfolded, it becomes a structure of 81 square meters.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2020, Pei participated in 10 editions of "Power of Youth", a competitive reality show on Anhui Satellite TV. He successfully went through all the challenges about ancient and modern civilization and won the most "power medals" as well as a scientific research fund.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2021, on behalf of Chinese youth, Pei was invited to express his ideas at "Voice", the first open class for youth on China Central Television. He gave an "Ice Cube" Voronoi tessellation model to Zheng Fang, the architect of several Olympic stadiums in the 2008 Summer Olympic Games and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.


title: Pei Haozheng

text: In 2022, Pei was invited to deliver a speech titled "5 Minutes to Change the Future" at "Day Day Up" on Hunan Satellite TV, bringing a new perspective to the audience.


title: Dome of the Rock

text: The Dome of the Rock (, transliteration: "Masjid Qubbat As-Sakhrah") is an Islamic mosque building in East Jerusalem.


title: Dome of the Rock

text: It was built from 691 from 692 by Caliph Abd al-Malik. It is built on the spot where the Jewish Temple is believed to have been, and where Muslims believe Muhammad went up to heaven. The rock on which the building stands is believed by Jews, Christians, and Muslims to be the holiest place on Earth.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: A black powder rocket motor pushes a model rocket using black powder. Black powder in the rockets is made of charcoal, sulphur, and potassium nitrate. The amount of each part can be changed to change how fast the black powder burns. The black powder burns very fast. The hot gases move fast as they leave the back of the rocket. This pushes the rocket forward.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: Black powder rocket motors were made in a simple form by the Chinese. They were first written about in the early 13th century. The rocket motors have gotten better over the years. They have several uses. Some can be used as weapons. Some have cameras to take pictures from a height to get information. Some are also used just for fun.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: Black powder rocket motors are only made in small sizes. If they are bigger there is a bigger chance of exploding. They also do not perform as well if they are bigger. They are made in different sizes called classes. The classes are 1/4 A through E. If the motor needs to be bigger than this, a different type of fuel is used. This is called a composite fuel. Some examples of composite fuels are ammonium perchlorate or ammonium nitrate.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: Black powder is the oldest type of mixed rocket fuel. It was used in rockets even before it was used in guns. The three main parts of black powder are charcoal, sulphur, and saltpetre (or potassium nitrate). The Chinese were making black powder as early as 1045, which is about 1000 years ago. In the early thirteenth century (about 800 years ago) the Chinese turned black powder into a way to power weapons. Before that it was only used for fun. The first recorded use of rockets as military weapons was in 1232. The Chinese ‘arrows of fire’ were fired from a sort of catapult. The black powder was packed in a closed tube that had a hole in one end for escaping hot gases. The tube was mounted on a long stick so it was more balanced.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: Black powder had a very low specific impulse. The way rockets were made got more advanced, but only on paper. People had not really built a much better rocket yet. They only had ideas and sketches of better models. In 1591 a Belgian, Jean Beavie, wrote about and drew the important idea of rockets that had more than one stage. This is called Multistaging. This means that the fuel is burned through in more than one step. This is the answer to escaping earth’s gravity and going into space.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: By 1600, rockets were being used in some parts of Europe. They were used against cavalry, which is a group of fighting soldiers on horseback. By 1688, rockets weighing over 120 pounds had been built and fired in Germany. These German rockets could carry 16-pound warheads.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: During the late 1700s, a London lawyer, Sir William Congreve, wanted to try to make rockets better. He did many experiments with different fuels and cases. His experiments were careful and orderly. He improved how far rockets could go, how stable they were, and how accurate they were. The British army used Congreve's new rockets to help them in the Napoleonic wars.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: In 1939 researchers at the California Institute of Technology were trying to make a motor to help launch aircraft. They mixed black powder with common road asphalt to make the first composite motor. This was the beginning of the composite motor. It also ended the use of black powder for big rockets.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: Black powder rocket propellant is a lot like old fashioned gunpowder. It has one different part called a binder. The binder is usually a substance called Dextrin. One common model rocket engine company is Estes Industries. Their motors are made with black powder propellant. Black powder propellant must be pressed very tightly to work well. If it is not packed tightly, it will burn too fast and might explode. A simple way of combining the parts to make black powder rocket propellant is: 75% potassium nitrate, 10% sulphur, and 15% charcoal. This is the most common way of making it. Dextrin may be added as a binder (usually between 0 and 5%). Extra (coarse) charcoal or metal powders (5 - 10%) may be added to make a spark trail. Adding these extras might change how fast the fuel burns.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: Thrust is how hard of a push the rocket produces. Burn time is how long the fuel in the motor takes to burn while pushing gases out of the back of the rocket. The impulse of a rocket motor is the area under the thrust-time curve. This means the impulse is a number for how much force the rocket makes and for how long. The impulse of a black powder motor is used to tell what size class it is in. Motors are divided into classes from 1/4A to E. These classes hold rockets with impulses from 0 to 40 Ns (Newtons*seconds). Other kinds of model rocket motors can be named up to an ‘H’, which is up to 320 Ns.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: Figures from tests of Estes rocket motors are used in the following examples of rocket motor performance.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: For miniature black powder rocket motors (13 mm diameter), the maximum thrust is between 5 and 12 N, the total impulse is between .5 and 2.2 Ns, and the burn time is between .25 and 1 second. For Estes ‘regular size’ rocket motors (18 mm diameter), there are three classes: A, B, and C. The A class 18 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 9.5 and 9.75 N, a total impulse between 2.1 and 2.3 Ns, and a burn time between .5 and .75 seconds. The B class 18 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 12.15 and 12.75 N, a total impulse between 4.2 and 4.35 Ns, and a burn time between .85 and 1 second. The C class 18mm motors have a maximum thrust from 14 – 14.15 N, a total impulse between 8.8 and 9 Ns, and a burn time between 1.85 and 2 seconds.


title: Black powder rocket motor

text: There are also 3 classes included in Estes large (24 mm diameter) rocket motors: C, D, and E. The C class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 21.6 and 21.75 N, a total impulse of between 8.8 and 9 Ns, and a burn time between .8 and .85 seconds. The D class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 29.7 and 29.8 N, a total impulse between 16.7 and 16.85 Ns, and a burn time between 1.6 and 1.7 seconds. The E class 24 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 19.4 and 19.5 N, a total impulse between 28.45 and 28.6 Ns, and a burn time between 3 and 3.1 seconds.


title: Central Province, Sri Lanka

text: The Central Province ( ', ') is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. It is located in the central mountainous area of the island. It is the sixth largest province by area. About 2.5 million people live here. The border of this province are North Central Province on the North, Uva Province on the East, North Western Province on the West and Sabaragamuwa Province on the South and West. The province's capital is Kandy.


title: Purdue University

text: Purdue University, in West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S., is the flagship university of the six-campus Purdue University System. Purdue was founded on May 6, 1869, as a land-grant university, accepted a donation of land and money from Lafayette businessman John Purdue to establish a college of science, technology, and agriculture in his name. The first classes were held on September 16, 1874, with three buildings, six instructors, and 39 students. Today, Purdue enrolls the second largest student body of any university in Indiana as well as the second largest international student population of any public university in the United States.


title: Purdue University

text: Purdue offers both undergraduate and graduate programs in over 210 major areas of study. Purdue has produced multiple Nobel Prize winners, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and NFL Super Bowl MVPs. The university has been highly influential in America's history of aviation, and Purdue's aviation technology and aeronautical engineering programs remain among the highest rated and most competitive in the world. In the mid-20th century, Purdue's aviation program expanded to encompass advanced spaceflight technology giving rise to Purdue's nickname, "Cradle of Astronauts".


title: Purdue University

text: Purdue's tenured faculty comprises sixty Academic Deans, Associate Deans, and Assistant Deans; 63 Academic Department Heads; 753 Professors; 547 Associate Professors and 447 Assistant Professors. Purdue employs 892 non-tenure-track faculty, Lecturers, and Postdoctorals at its West Lafayette campus. Purdue employs another 691 tenured and 1,021 Non-Tenure Track Faculty, Lecturers, and Postdoctorals at its Regional Campuses and Statewide Technology.


title: Purdue University

text: Purdue University generated a record $333.4 million in sponsored research funding during the 2007–08 fiscal year with participation from National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. departments of Agriculture, Defense, Energy, and Health and Human Services.


title: Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

text: Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies was the first King of the united Kingdom of the Two Siclies. The Kingdom was created on 12 December 1816 having united the separate crown of Naples and Sicily. He was a member of the House of Bourbon. Before that he had been, since 1759, Ferdinando IV of the Kingdom of Naples and Ferdinando III of the Kingdom of Sicily. He was deposed twice from the throne of Naples. The first time by the French revolutionary armies in 1799 and again by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806.


title: Thoibi

text: Moirang Thoibi () or Ewanglon Thoibi () is the main character of the Khamba Thoibi story from ancient Moirang Kangleirol legends. She is a princess from the Ancient Moirang kingdom. She is not the king's daughter. She is the daughter of the King's younger brother "Chingkhu Akhuba" and of King "Chingkhu Telheiba" of Moirang. Khuman Khamba, a poor orphan prince, loved Thoibi.


title: Thoibi

text: One day, Princess Thoibi visited the marketplace of Moirang. She saw the girl Khamnu selling wood. She asked Khamnu many questions. She even gave her food and jewelry. Thoibi and Khamnu became good friends. The next time Thoibi went to the market, she met Khamnu again. Thoibi asked Khamnu to come with her fishing on Loktak lake. The king heard that the princess and her friends were going fishing for fun on the lake. He ordered all the men in the kingdom to stay away from the lake. Khamnu told her brother Khamba about this the royal order. The next day, she left him at home. Khamba was sleeping and had a dream.


title: Thoibi

text: In Khamba's dream, Goddess Ayangleima (either Panthoibi or Koiren Leima) made herself look like Khamnu and asked him to get vegetables. Khamba woke up and wondered about his dream. God Thangjing made him think that he had truly seen his sister Khamnu. So he rowed down the lake in a rowboat. But he went in the wrong direction. The God Thangjing spread clouds over the hills, and there was a storm. It blew the boat towards Thoibi and her friends on their fishing trip. Thoibi saw Khamba standing close to her. She asked Khamnu if she knew the strange man disobeying the royal order. Khamnu said no. Khamba did not know what to do. Hearing his sister's voice, he went closer. Thoibi saw that Khamba was handsome, manly, muscular, and well fashioned. Khamba was also amazed at Thoibi's beauty and glamour. It was God's will that they should be lovers. Khamnu worried that her brother might get punished for disobedience. Thoibi noticed a piece of Khamnu's cloth matching Khamba’s headdress. She also discovered Khamba wearing the bracelet she had given to Khamnu. Later, Khamnu revealed the truth. Then, Thoibi became kind to Khamba. She gave him good food. She told him to go home before the King heard that he had broken his rule and come to the lake.


title: Thoibi

text: Princess Thoibi visited Khamnu's house. Thoibi sat on the red cloth near the post of the north side (ukoklel). The walls of the old house were full of holes. So Khamba hid himself within a mat. Thoibi asked Khamnu about the mat. Khamnu said that it was the worshipping place of God Khuman Pokpa. So Thoibi asked if she could pray to the God. She wanted to be blessed by the God. Thoibi knew the truth very well. But she pretended if she knew nothing. She prayed out loud to the God to allow her to worship him daily in the house. Khamba heard her voice. He laughed aloud. Thoibi said the God was speaking. She came out in the veranda. Meanwhile, Khamba sent his sister to the market to get some fruit. At Khamnu's absence, Thoibi presented him gifts. The two bound themselves by an oath before the God Khuman Pokpa. They drank the water in which a golden bracelet had been dipped. They vowed to be lovers forever. After this oath, Thoibi addresed Khamnu as "sister".


title: Thoibi

text: The King made Khamba the ""Khuntak Leiroi Hanjaba"" (Floriculture Minister) to gather flowers from the hills. Thoibi prepared delicious food for Khamba. She tied the food in a bundle of leaves. She fastened it with silks of seven kinds. By the grace of God Thangjing, not a petal of a single flower brought by Khamba was broken. At Khamba's return, Thoibi washed his feet and offered him fruits.


title: Thoibi

text: On the day of customary rituals to be performed, Khamba first offered his flowers to God Thangjing. After that, Khamba gave the flowers to the king, to the queen and then to the high officers of Moirang.


title: Thoibi

text: Everyone was happy with the flowers. They gave Khamba gifts. Khamba and Thoibi danced before God Thangjing's holy shrine. The pairing was great. The people watching shouted with joy during the dance. Finally, Khamba and Thoibi knelt before God Thangjing.


title: Thoibi

text: Thoibi's father asked her to marry Nongban Kongyamba. But she said no. Her father was angry and he said, "I will be better to be childless than be the father of this evil girl." He asked his Minister Hanjaba to sell Thoibi to the Kabaw chief for silver and gold. He exiled her to Kabaw chiefdom. He did not want to see her any more. Thoibi told Khamba about what happened. For his sake, she had to go exile to Kabaw. She told Khamba not to forget her.


title: Thoibi

text: On the day of her exile, she cried so hard that she sounded like thunder. The queen and all her maids also wept. Minister Hanjaba took her away to Kabaw. On the way, she met Khamba. He wept with her remembering the past happy days. Both the lovers felt the pain of separation.


title: Thoibi

text: Khamba gave Thoibi a staff to lean on as she walked. On her way, Thoibi planted the staff by the roadside. She wished for it to grow flowers and become a living, leafy tree if she remained faithful to Khamba. She also marked a roadside stone. Finally, she reached Kabaw. But Chief Tamurakpa of Kabaw felt sorry for Thoibi. He kept her as a guest. Thoibi became a friend of Changning Kanbi, the daughter of the chief. But the evil women of Kabaw persuaded Changning to treat Thoibi like a servant. Thoibi was sent to catch fish and to gather firewood. Thoibi was busy with her work. However, she always dreamed that Khamba was with her. Thangjing took pity on her. Chief Tamurakpa heard about the harsh treatments of Thoibi by his own daughter. So he asked all the women to weave one cloth each. Changning called Thoibi a wayward child. It was because of Thoibi had not wanted to marry Kongyamba. Changning knew Kongyamba was muscular, attractive and the son of famous ancestors. So she thought Kongyamba as a good man.


title: Thoibi

text: Tamurakpa heard his daughter's words. He was angry with her. He was about to strike her but Thoibi stopped him. The two ladies wove their cloths. Changning was jealous of Thoibi. In the night, Changning tore holes in Thoibi's cloth with a porcupine quill. Later, Thoibi found all that had been done. However, she repaired all the holes and made the cloth even more beautiful than before. Tamurakpa liked Thoibi's cloth very much. He threw his own daughter's cloth away.


title: Thoibi

text: One day, when Thoibi was working at her cloth making machine, a wind brought ashes towards her. She knew it was from Moirang. She wept remembering her beloved Khamba and her hometown. The God Thangjing softened her father's heart. He sent men to bring her back. However, he asked Kongyamba to marry Thoibi on her way home. However, Thoibi prayed to the patron deity of the Kabaw chiefdom. She thanked Chief Tamurakpa for his kindness.


title: Thoibi

text: On her way, she saw the stone on which she had written her promise to be faithful to Khamba. She prayed to it and offered gold and silver on it. She saw Khamba's staff which she had planted. It had grown flowers and become a living, leafy tree.


title: Thoibi

text: When Thoibi was on her way back home, her suitor Angom Nongban Kongyamba waited for her. Kongyamba asked his watchmen if Princess Thoibi was coming. After looking carefully, they shouted,


title: Thoibi

text: Thoibi heard the shout. She instructed her companions to sit near her if the man was Khamba but far away if the man was Kongyamba.


title: Thoibi

text: However, she went on. She pretended to be friendly to him. She sat on the red carpet Kongyamba had brought. However, she placed a stick between Kongyamba and herself. She asked him for fruit to eat. Kongyamba brought her fruit. But she did not eat the fruit. She pretended to get ill due to her long journey from Kabaw. Kongyamba was worried.


title: Thoibi

text: She asked Kongyamba to let her ride on his horse. He agreed. So Thoibi rode Kongyamba's horse and Kongyamba rode in Thoibi's palanquin.


title: Thoibi

text: Suddenly, Thoibi galloped off on the horse towards Khamba's house. Khamba met her there. They wept because they were together again.


title: Thoibi

text: Kongyamba was angry that he had been tricked a girl. He asked the king's ministers to act. Minister Thonglen and Minister Nongtholba sent men to protect Khamba and Thoibi from their enemies.


title: Thoibi

text: The matter was set before the King in the royal court. The king wanted to solve the issue by the trial of the spear. During the talk, an old man came to the meet the king. The old man told him that a ferocious tiger was a great threat to the villagers in a place called Khoirentak.


title: Thoibi

text: The king changed his mind. He said he would use the tiger to decide what to do. He said that person who killed the tiger could marry Princess Thoibi.


title: Thoibi

text: One day, Khamba wondered if Thoibi was faithful to him. He wanted to test her chastity. One night, he pretended to travel away from home. Then, he secretly returned home. In disguise as a stranger, he pushed a stick through the wall of Thoibi's room. He was teasing Thoibi. Thoibi was not aware of all this. So, she thought it had been done by a stranger. She got angry.


title: Thoibi

text: She pushed a spear through the wall to hit the stranger. Khamba was severely wounded. He called her. Thoibi knew his voice. She immediately went out and carried him inside. Khamba was dying. She was extremely shocked. Before he died, she killed herself upon him with the same spear.


title: Thoibi

text: Khamba and Thoibi are the incarnations of a god and a goddess. They were sent by Thangjing. Unlike normal mortal beings, God Thangjing denied their happiness of long life and children.


title: Block (periodic table)

text: A block on the periodic table is a group of elements that all have their electrons in the same atomic orbital. There are four blocks, s-, d-, f, and p-. The word "block" was first used to describe this by Charles Janet.


title: Block (periodic table)

text: The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table. Elements from groups 13-18 are in the p-block.


title: Block (periodic table)

text: The f-block is shown in green in the illustration above. The elements 57 to 71 are called Lanthanides, elements 89 to 103 are called Actinides.


title: Tux

text: Tux is a mascot of the Linux operating system; a cartoon penguin made by Larry Ewing in 1996. Wherever he is seen, it means such a system can work with Linux. He is also a character in some video games made for Linux, like "Super Tux".