title: United States Secret Service

text: The United States Secret Service (which is often just called the Secret Service in the United States) is part of the United States government. Part of its job is to investigate when people make fake money. (Making fake money is called counterfeiting). However, the United States Secret Service is more well known for protecting important government leaders. Secret Service agents work as bodyguards and protect people like the President, Vice President, members of the United States Cabinet, people who are running for high office, and the family members of these people, and leaders from other countries who are visiting the United States. There are other people whom the Secret Service protects, too. A United States President would never be seen in public without Secret Service agents protecting him or her at all times.


title: George Burns

text: George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum, January 20, 1896– March 9, 1996), was an American comedian, actor, and writer.


title: Edgar Wright

text: Edgar Howard Wright (born 18 April 1974) is a British movie director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for directing the movies "Shaun of the Dead" (2004), "Hot Fuzz" (2007), "Scott Pilgrim vs. the World" (2010), "The World's End" (2013), "Baby Driver" (2017), and "Last Night in Soho" (2021). He has also co-wrote the movies "The Adventures of Tintin" (2011) and "Ant-Man" (2015).


title: House of Commons of Canada

text: The House of Commons was established in 1867, when the British North America Act 1867 created the Dominion of Canada, and was modelled on the British House of Commons. The House of Commons is sometimes called the "lower house", even though it has more power than the "upper house", the Senate. Both Houses is must agree to new laws but the Senate very rarely rejects bills passed by the Commons (though the Senate does occasionally amend bills). The Government of Canada is responsible only to the House of Commons. The Prime Minister stays in office only as long as he or she has the support of the Lower House.


title: United States Secret Service

text: It is often not easy to recognize Secret Service agents, because they often dress to blend in wherever they are. This means that they will often be dressed the same way as everybody else in a crowd.


title: George Burns

text: He was well-known for his comedy routines with his wife, Gracie Allen, involving her tall tales about her relatives. The "Burns & Allen Show" was broadcast on radio from 1942 to 1950 and on television from 1950 to 1958.


title: Edgar Wright

text: Wright was born in Poole, Dorset, England. He grew up in Wells, Somerset. He dated American actress Anna Kendrick from 2009 to 2013.


title: House of Commons of Canada

text: The Canadian House of Commons is in the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings on Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, Ontario.


title: United States Secret Service

text: The United States Secret Service was created in 1865 to stop counterfeiters. It did not start protecting the President until after President William McKinley was shot and killed in 1901. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt became the first President of the United States to be protected by Secret Service agents. Since then, every president has received Secret Service Protection. In 1981 when Ronald Reagan was shot, Timothy McCarthy became one of four Secret Service agents to take a bullet of a President.


title: House of Commons of Canada

text: Unlike the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the powers of the Parliament of Canada are limited, because provincial legislatures have the sole right to pass laws about some things.


title: United States Secret Service

text: The Secret Service used to be part of the Treasury Department, but is now part of the Department of Homeland Security.


title: House of Commons of Canada

text: Until 1982 only the Parliament of the United Kingdom had the power to change the British North America Act, this was to protect the rights and powers of the provincial legislatures. This was changed by the Canada Act. In Canada the British North America Act is now called the Constitution Act.


title: House of Commons of Canada

text: A lot of the work of the House of Commons is done by committees which can spend more time investigating a subject than the whole House of Commons could


title: House of Commons of Canada

text: The table below shows how many seats each political party has in the Parliament. Many of the MPs were elected in the 2019 election.


title: Anish Giri

text: Anish Giri (born June 28, 1994) is a Dutch chess prodigy. He got the grandmaster title at the age of 14 years, 7 months and 2 days at the 2009 Corus Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee in the Netherlands.


title: Anish Giri

text: Giri is the son of a Nepali-Indian father (Sanjay Giri), and a Russian mother (Olga Giri). Giri was born in St. Petersburg, Russia on 28 June 1994. In 2002, he moved to Japan with his parents. When he lived in Japan, he visited St. Petersburg regularly. Since February 2008, Giri and his family have been living in the Netherlands, in the Dutch city of Rijswijk where his father is working in a research and consulting foundation.


title: Mesh networking

text: Mesh networking is a kind of network topology, a way computer networks and other networks are laid out. In mesh networking, each node is connected to one or more other nodes. Information is passed from one node to the next, until it reaches its target destination. Such networks can be very reliable because there is usually more than one path from one node to another. When a node fails, the data will simply take another route.


title: Mesh networking

text: The disadvantage of such networks is that building them can be very expensive. A network in which each node is directly connected to every other node is called a fully connected network. Another type of a mesh network is a mobile ad hoc network. In such a network the nodes are mobile, and the network may reorganize itself while it is running.


title: Mesh networking

text: According to Reed's Law, the value of fully meshed networks is proportional to the exponent of the number of subscribers. Metcalf's Law, in contrast asserts that the value is proportional to the square of the number of subscibers.


title: Anti-tank dog

text: Anti-tank dogs were dogs with explosives placed on their backs. These dogs were trained to run under enemy tanks. The explosives were then remotely detonated in order to destroy the target tank.


title: Kohl

text: Kohl is an ancient eye cosmetic, traditionally made by grinding stibnite (SbS). It is widely used in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia as eye liner, to contour and/or darken the eyelids, and as mascara for the eyelashes. It is worn mostly by women, but also by some men and children.


title: Anti-tank dog

text: These dogs were trained by the Soviet Union during World War II to be used against German armored vehicles. They were trained on Russian tanks, which used diesel fuel. In battle, the dogs often ran toward the smell of diesel fuel from the Soviet tanks instead of the intended German targets.


title: Kohl

text: Kohl is very ancient, and is seen in depictions of high status women and godesses in Ancient Egypt. It has also been used in India as a cosmetic for a long time.


title: Anti-tank dog

text: The German Army soon learned about the dogs, so all Russian dogs were shot on sight by the Germans. Very few dogs remained in the Eastern Front as a result of this.


title: Kohl

text: The content of kohl and the recipes to prepare it vary greatly. In North Africa and Middle East, homemade kohl is often made by grinding galena (lead sulfide). In the west, soot or organic charcoal may be used instead of lead. Plant oils and the soot from various nuts, seeds, and gum resins are often added to the carbon powder. Unfortunately, the non-lead products do not give such a good result as the older, traditional varieties. Handmade, lead-based kohl continues to be popular.


title: Anti-tank dog

text: After the war better weapons against tanks were made. Therefore, it is unlikely that anti-tank dogs will ever be used again.


title: Output device

text: In computing, an output device is a peripheral equipment device that is used to give the results of processed data.


title: Real-time computing

text: Real-time computing is a field of Computer science. The idea is to design systems that have a "real-time constraint". Real time systems will guarantee to give a result within a specified time. There are two kinds of real-time systems:


title: Dogue de Bordeaux

text: The Dogue de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Mastiff, French Mastiff is a dog breed that originated in France. The dogs are large, and usually grow to a shoulder height of between and . They weight between and , but the official standard does not specify a weight. The Bordeaux is a very powerful dog, with a very muscular body. The breed has been put to work in many different capacities, from pulling carts and hauling heavy objects, to guarding flocks and, historically, the castles of the European elite.


title: Water viper

text: Agkistrodon piscivorus, also known as the cottonmouth snake, water moccasin, or water viper, is a species of highly venomous pit viper (a type of snake) found throughout southeastern United States. Commonly called cottonmouths because of their all-white mouth, they are often confused with Northern water snakes, which are harmless, but the cottonmouth is much the opposite.


title: Water viper

text: Cottonmouths live throughout southeastern United States, often found in water sources, such as marshes, bogs, lakes, rivers, ponds and almost every body of water you could imagine.


title: Water viper

text: The cottonmouth's diet consists of birds, frogs, toads, lizards, smaller cottonmouths, small alligators and turtles, and a few other things. A lot of snakes eat whatever they can find.


title: Water viper

text: Cottonmouths are one of the most dangerous snakes in the world. Remember the rhyme: if it's white, stay away! If it's not, you'll live to see another day.


title: Know-Nothing Party

text: The American Party, commonly known as the Know-Nothing Party, was an American nativist political party that operated in the mid-1850s. It was originally anti-Catholic, prejudiced against other nationalities, and against immigration. The movement was briefly a major political party in the form of the American Party. Followers of the movement were to reply "I know nothing" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its most common name.


title: Know-Nothing Party

text: The Know-Nothings believed a "Romanist" conspiracy was in progress, trying to undermine the power and authority of civil and religious liberty in the United States and wanted to politically organize native-born Protestants in a defense of their traditional religious and political values. It is remembered for this theme because of fears by Protestants that Catholic priests and bishops would control a large amount of voters. In most places, Know-Nothingism lasted only a year or two before disintegrating because of weak local leaders, few publicly declared national leaders and a deep split over the issue of slavery. In the South, the party did not focus on anti-Catholicism, but was the main alternative to the dominant Democratic Party.


title: Know-Nothing Party

text: The collapse of the Whig Party after the Kansas–Nebraska Act passed left an opening for a new major party in to oppose the Democrats. The Know-Nothings elected congressman Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts and many others in the 1854 elections and created a new party known as the American Party. Particularly in the South, the American Party served as a party for politicians who disagreed with the Democratic Party. Many also hoped that it would seek a middle ground between the pro-slavery positions of many Democratic politicians and the anti-slavery positions of the emerging Republican Party. The American Party nominated former President Millard Fillmore in the 1856 presidential election, although he kept quiet about his membership. Fillmore received 21.5% of the popular vote in the 1856 presidential election, finishing behind the Democratic and Republican nominees.


title: Know-Nothing Party

text: The party quickly declined after the 1856 election. The 1857 "Dred Scott v. Sandford" decision further aroused opposition to slavery in the North, where many Know Nothings joined the Republicans. Most of the remaining members of the party supported the Constitutional Union Party in the 1860 presidential election.


title: Electoral college

text: An electoral college is a group of people who are chosen to elect a candidate to a particular office (job). The electors usually have one vote each. Often each elector represents a particular organization or entity. Many times, though, the electors are simply important people whose wisdom would ideally make a better choice than a larger group of people. The electoral college can ignore the wishes of a general membership.


title: Muzzleloader

text: A muzzleloader is any firearm where the projectile and usually the propellant charge is loaded from the muzzle of the gun. This is distinct from the more popular modern designs of breech-loading firearms. The term "muzzleloader" may also apply to the marksman who shoot muzzleloading firearms. The term of art includes rifled muzzleloaders and smoothbore muzzleloaders. There are several different calibers of muzzleloading firearms. Modern muzzleloading firearms a variety of firing mechanisms. These include sidelock, flintlock and percussion models of the Pennsylvania rifle (after the early 1800s called the Kentucky rifle). Muzzleloading can apply to anything from cannons to pistols. But in modern use the term most commonly applies to black powder small arms. It usually, but not always, involves the use of a loose propellant (like gunpowder) and a projectile, as well as a separate method of ignition or priming.


title: Electoral college

text: A similar concept existed in the former Holy Roman Empire, in which the Holy Roman Emperor was elected by the rulers of various provinces of the Empire, or their representatives. These rulers were referred to as Electors. For instance, King George III of Great Britain was also Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg ("Hanover") and later became King of Hanover, though he never visited Hanover.


title: Muzzleloader

text: Some of the earliest muzzleloaders were matchlocks. The matchlock, named for its firing mechanism, was the first invention that made it possible to keep both hands on the weapon and at the same time keep the shooter's eyes on the target. The design allowed a cloth or stick with a flame on the end—called a "match"—to be lowered into a "flashpan" filled with gunpowder which ignited the main charge, firing the gun. Matchlocks appeared in Europe in about 1400. The matchlock mechanism was used to produce muskets. The gun barrels were smooth inside and used round ball ammunition. Those who used muskets were called "musketeers". Very few pistols used this design but some shotguns from this period were matchlocks.


title: Muzzleloader

text: In about 1509 the wheellock was the next advance in muzzleloader technology. It did not have a match to keep lit and generated a spark mechanically with a wheel mechanism. But they were expensive to produce and cheaper (by half) so matchlocks remained in use.


title: Muzzleloader

text: It took another 200 years to improve on the matchlock. Marin le Bourgeoys, a Frenchman is credited with inventing the Flintlock mechanism sometime in the 1620s. He was variously an artist, a crossbow maker and a gunsmith ("harquebuzier"). From 1660 to 1840, flintlock muzzleloading rifles and pistols were used by every European and American army. It produced a spark by a flint striking steel producing a spark and igniting the priming powder. By covering the priming powder until the gun was fired, it would usually work even in windy or damp weather. In 1722, the British Army called for a standard pattern of muzzleloading flintlock musket. The resulting model and its variants were called the Brown Bess. It remained in service until the 1830s.


title: Muzzleloader

text: The percussion cap mechanism was the next great improvement in firearms. It was also called a caplock. The percussion cap was based on the discovery of fulminate of mercury in about 1800. When struck with a sharp blow, mercury fulminate detonates. In 1816, Joshua Shaw, an artist living in Philadelphia, painted fulminate of mercury on the inside of copper caps. He fitted it over a small nipple on the firing hole over the bore. When the hammer struck the percussion cap, the gun fired. By 1826 they were widely used and had replaced the flintlock.


title: Muzzleloader

text: The percussion cap eliminated the flash pan, flint and frizzen. It added the step of placing a cap on the nipple cone, but it was a real advantage to troops in battle. Percussion caps were quick to load and worked in nearly all weather conditions.


title: Muzzleloader

text: In 1869, the centerfire cartridge was invented. It worked only in breech-loading weapons and together they quickly replaced the muzzleloader in common use.


title: Muzzleloader

text: Modern mortars use a shell with the propelling charge and primer attached at the base. Unlike older muzzleloading mortars, which were loaded the same way as muzzleloading cannon, the modern mortar is fired by dropping the shell down the barrel. A pin at the bottom fires the primer, which then ignites the main propelling charge. Both the modern mortar and the older mortar were used for high angle fire. However, since the mortar is not loaded in separate steps makes its definition as a muzzleloader a matter of opinion. However, in the simplest terms it does load from the muzzle end.


title: Muzzleloader

text: Crude muzzleloading cannons existed in China from about the 12th century, possibly earlier. One of the first weapons used in Europe was the bombard. They were muzzleloaders built in different diameter barrels to fire anything from a small rock to a cast iron ball. By the 16th century muzzleloading cannons began to replace bombards. Casting had greatly improved in Europe after about 1570. In the early 1500s, French cannons were used to break up masses of men in their campaigns in Italy. The Germans had some of the best gunners in Europe and developed cannon that could hit targets at up to . Next, the Swedish under Gustavus Adolphus developed lightweight cannons that could easily move around the battlefield. He used a cast 4-pounder that weighed about and could be pulled by just two horses.


title: Muzzleloader

text: In 1742, Englishman Benjamin Robins wrote "New Principles of Gunnery" where he added science to the field of ballistics. He developed carronades which were short, lightweight muzzleloading smoothbore cannons that could be used on the decks of ships. During the American Revolutionary War, the British had a number of different cannons as well as mortars. Many of the American weapons were captured British cannon.


title: Muzzleloader

text: In 1853 France introduced the "Canon-obusier de 12", a 12-pounder capable of firing both shot and shell also called a "Napoleon". The U.S. Army adopted the Napoleon 12-pounder in 1857 as the Model 1857 12-Pounder Napoleon Field Gun. It became the most popular field gun on both sides during the American Civil War. They were ultimately replaced by breach-loading cannons after the Civil War.


title: Bukit Timah

text: Bukit Timah is an area in Singapore and a hill in that area. Bukit Timah Hill stands at an altitude of and is the highest point in the city-state of Singapore. Bukit Timah is near the centre of Singapore island. Bukit Timah is 10 kilometres (6 miles) from Singapore's business district.


title: Nick Lachey

text: Nicholas Scott "Nick" Lachey ( ; born November 9, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter, actor, producer, and television personality. He was best known as the lead singer of the multi-platinum selling boy band 98 Degrees.


title: Bukit Timah

text: Bukit Timah, which means "tin-bearing hill" in Malay, was on the 1828 map by Frankin and Philip Jackson as "Bukit Timah". The hill was on the map as the eastern source of the Kranji River.


title: Nick Lachey

text: Lachey was born in Harlan, Kentucky and was raised in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was married to singer Jessica Simpson from 2002 to 2006. He married model Vanessa Minnillo in 2011. Their son, Camden John Lachey, was born on September 12, 2012.


title: Bukit Timah

text: In December 1843, a road was built up to the hill. The hill was an "excellent sanatorium", as the air was ""cooler and fresher than the plain, producing an agreeable exhilaration of spirits"".


title: Bukit Timah

text: For some, it is synonymous with the Singapore Turf Club, where members and paying visitors flock on race days. This course is closed to the public, unlike the former course (now Farrer Park) where the general public enjoyed watching the king's sport for free.


title: Bukit Timah

text: The 25-km long Bukit Timah Road, the longest road in Singapore, running north and south of the island, takes its name from this hill. The road to Kranji was completed in 1845. Apparently, the area was so infested with tigers that it constituted a serious threat to human life. In 1860, nearly 200 people were reported to have been killed by tigers in and about the gambier and pepper plantations. The first ride on horseback across the island was along Bukit Timah Road in 1840; it took four days and was made by Mr Thomson and Dr Little.


title: Bukit Timah

text: Bukit Timah Road is known as "tek kha kang a kinn" in Hokkien, which means "the side of the stream in the "tek kha" (or Selegie Road) district". This only refers to the lower end of the Bukit Timah Road. The Wayang Satu and Bukit Timah village parts are differently called. The Hokkiens also refer to Bukit Timah as "be chia lo bue", meaning "end of the horse carriage road".


title: Bukit Timah

text: During World War II, the British Army lost Bukit Timah to the Japanese on February 11th, they knew they had little chance of winning the war as most of their food and supplies were stored there. On 15 February 1942, the head of the Allied forces, Lieutenant General A.E. Percival surrendered to Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashita at the Ford Factory in Bukit Timah.


title: Bukit Timah

text: During the Japanese Occupation, the Japanese troops built a Syonan-to Shinto shrine (Syonan-to was the Occupation name for Singapore), similar to the National Shinto in Japan but of a smaller size, at Bukit Timah Hill. Two war memorials dedicated to the Japanese war dead and surprisingly, to the deceased British troops who died defending Singapore, were built at the site. Students, Japanese commanders, British POWs' representatives would gather there regularly to commemorate the dead during the Occupation.


title: Bukit Timah

text: It was only shortly before the Japanese surrender, the Japanese forces hastily destroyed the Shinto Shrine, on fears that returning British forces will demolish it in an bad manner. The present site where the Shinto Shrine existed, lied at a grey area between the Nature Reserve and Singapore Armed Forces restricted area. Several historians have been down at the site, and an episode from then Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) history documentary show, "Hey Singapore", was on the mysterious Shinto Shrine. Since then, the Singapore Government has erected the place as "Historical Site". No plans have been indicated to restore the site, on speculations of angry responses from the People Republic of China (PRC) and abroad.


title: Bukit Timah

text: The Japanese war dead were brought back to the controversial Yasukuni Shrine, while the remains of the British troops were instituted at the British Commonwealth's Kranji War Memorial in Singapore. Nothing of the Syonan-to Shinto shrine remains, except for the Holy Cleansing Pond and several Japanese stone pavements left at the site.


title: Bukit Timah

text: After the Japanese Occupation, the farms and plantations in Bukit Timah gave way to industrial buildings and high-rise flats. In the 1960s and 1970s, Bukit Timah was a major industrial center. Today, these have been replaced with luxury bungalows, terraces and condominiums, making Bukit Timah Singapore's premier residential district.


title: Bukit Timah

text: The Bukit Timah area is a particularly prominent location with a high land value. The area of Bukit Timah has an extensive flora and forest compared to the parts of Singapore, and contains Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, which is partially responsible for its high land value. The nature reserve was established in 1883.


title: Bukit Timah

text: The Bukit Timah Race Course, a Thoroughbred horse racing facility, was opened in 1933 and operated until 1999.


title: Bukit Timah

text: The nearby area houses many bungalows, traditionally expensive in land-scarce Singapore, as well as high rise condominiums. Many expatriates and well heeled Singaporeans tend to stay in this region. The rise in land prices has led to development of new condominiums. For example, the Copthorne Orchid Hotel in Dunearn Road is being redeveloped into condominiums for sale.


title: Bukit Timah

text: This region was later extended and Upper Bukit Timah (District 21) was formed. The Keretapi Tanah Melayu from Malaysia has a passing loop station here along its rail network from Johor Bahru to Tanjong Pagar.


title: Clocks (song)

text: "Clocks" is the third song on British alternative rock band Coldplay's second studio album, "A Rush of Blood to the Head". The song was released on 10 December 2002.


title: Wannabe (song)

text: "Wannabe" is a 1996 dance-pop song from the Spice Girls. This was the first song from the group. "Wannabe" mixes rap and dance-pop. The lyrics talk about female friendship.


title: Clocks (song)

text: On the "Billboard" charts, "Clocks" was able to peak at #4 on the Adult Top 40, #9 on the Modern Rock Tracks, #21 on the Mainstream Top 40, and #29 on the Hot 100 charts.


title: Wannabe (song)

text: The song varies between two minutes/fifty-two seconds to just over nine minutes in length. It was released in July 1996.


title: Clocks (song)

text: In 2004, "Clocks" won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. It was also nominated in the category of Best Single at the 2003 Q Awards. Pitchfork Media ranked the song #68 on their Top 100 Singles of 2000-04 list and at #155 on their 500 Greatest Songs of the 2000s.


title: Wannabe (song)

text: The song got mixed reviews. In the United States, it hit #1 for around four weeks on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It sold more than seven million copies worldwide.


title: Wannabe (song)

text: Instruments used are bass guitar, drums and vocals. In their home country of the UK, it spent 7 weeks at No.1 during the Summer of 1996.


title: Jose Maria Sison

text: José María Canlás Sison (February 8, 1939 – December 16, 2022) is a writer and activist. He founded the Communist Party of the Philippines.


title: Jose Maria Sison

text: Sison was arrested during the Ferdinand Marcos presidency. He was imprisoned for almost 9 years. Corazón Aquino released him from prison. Sison went into exile in the Netherlands.


title: Jose Maria Sison

text: His experience in prison was described in "Prison & Beyond", a book of poetry released in 1986. It won the Southeast Asia WRITE award for the Philippines.


title: Jose Maria Sison

text: On December 16, 2022, the Communist Party of the Philippines alongside its news organ "Ang Bayan" announced the death of Jose Maria Sison after two weeks of confinement in a hospital in Utrecht, Netherlands.


title: Backpropagation

text: Backpropagation is a method of training neural networks to perform tasks more accurately. The algorithm was first used for this purpose in 1974 in papers published by Werbos, Rumelhart, Hinton, and Williams. The term backpropagation is short for "backward propagation of errors".


title: Backpropagation

text: It works especially well for feed forward neural networks (networks without any loops) and problems that require supervised learning.


title: Backpropagation

text: The idea is to test how wrong the neural network is and then correct it. This is repeated many times.


title: Backpropagation

text: This is repeated until the neural network is good enough at its job -i.e., its error as measured by the loss function is low.


title: Thal desert

text: The Thal desert is in Punjab, Pakistan. It is a large area mainly between the Jhelum River and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. It has little vegetation — mostly thorny bushes — over a breadth of 70 miles. In Thal the people are very poor because the whole land is arid and depends upon the weather conditions. They cultivate grains only. It is the most illiterate area in Punjab Province.


title: Scordatura

text: Scordatura in music is a technique in which players of string instruments tune their strings to different notes from a normal tuning. The word “scordatura” is an Italian word which means “mistuning”. It was used for lutes, guitars, viols and instruments of the violin family.


title: Atreyu

text: Atreyu are an American heavy metal band. They are signed to Roadrunner Records. They took their name from a character called "Atreyu" in a book called "The Neverending Story".Sound Tracks


title: Sir Mix-A-Lot

text: His style of music is called "hip-hop." He was born in Seattle, Washington. He is best known for his hit song "Baby Got Back". That song has catchy phrases and cheap humor, and it talks about liking women with big buttocks. This made it popular in the United States during the 1990s.


title: Eau de toilette

text: Eau de toilette is a kind of perfume used to make skin smell nice. It is also called "aromatic waters". It is based on alcohol, its main ingredient. It is usually used on the skin after bathing or shaving. It is considered a "weak" and cheap version of perfume. Toilet water is defined as a dilute perfume (perfume is only ingredient mixed with alcohol and few other lowering the production cost). It was originally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils.


title: Scordatura

text: Using a scordatura tuning made the instrument sound different. For example: a string tuned to a slightly higher note will sound louder and brighter because it is tighter. Care has to be taken not to tune it too high otherwise it will break. Scordatura also made it possible to play unusual chords or combinations of notes in string-crossing (when the bow moves quickly from one string to another).


title: Atreyu

text: 'Atreyu' is an American metal core band with melodic death metal and hardcore influences from Orange County, California. Contrary to popular belief, the band did not intentionally name itself after Atreyu, a character from Michael Ende's novel, The Never-ending Story. Rather, the name was suggested to them by a friend of the band.


title: Sir Mix-A-Lot

text: Sir Mix-a-Lot is not actually a peer of the realm but has assumed the title 'Sir' for humorous or ironic effect.


title: Scordatura

text: When a composer writes for an instrument using scordatura tuning he shows at the beginning of the music what notes the strings must be tuned to. The music is then written, not as it sounds, but so that the player can read it as if the instrument were being played normally, e.g. if a G string is tuned up to G# and the composer wants a G# he simply writes a G, but it will sound G#.


title: Atreyu

text: Atreyu was formed as a band sometime during 1998 and 1999. Shortly thereafter, they released their first EP, entitled Visions. The record garnered the band some success in the Southern California metal core scene and they constantly performed to support the seven-track release.


title: Scordatura

text: Scordatura tuning was mainly popular in the Baroque period from 1600-1750. Composers such as Heinrich Biber often used it. He composed a group of sonatas for violin and accompaniment called the "Rosary Sonatas". In each sonata the violin is tuned in a different way. In Sonata XI (called "Resurrection") he even asks the violinist to make the two middle strings cross over between the bridge and the tailpiece so that the violin is tuned to two Gs and two Ds.


title: Atreyu

text: Atreyu released its second record, a five-track EP, entitled Fractures in the Facade of Your Porcelain Beauty, in 2001. The record featured early versions of the songs "Living Each Day Like You're Already Dead", "Someone's Standing on My Chest", and "Tulips Are Better", which were re-worked for the band's third release. The record also caught the attention of record executives at Victory Records, who quickly signed the band and added it to its roster.


title: Scordatura

text: In the classical period a famous example of scordatura is Mozart’s, "Sinfonia Concertante" for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in which he asks the viola to tune all four strings a semitone higher than usual. This makes it sound louder and brighter so that it matches the brightness of the violin, especially as the violin is playing with normal tuning in the key of E flat, which sounds a soft key (because the key of Eflat hardly uses any “open” strings).


title: Atreyu

text: Atreyu recorded and released its first full-length album in 2002. Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses would become an instant fan favorite and was noticed by a wide variety of music fans. The record broke down the walls separating the genres of heavy metal and hardcore, allowing the band to push itself into the forefront of the metal core scene. Critics from publications such as the L.A. Times, Guitar World, and Metal Maniacs commented that the "Southern California five-piece brings new definition to overnight success." Since then, the album has sold over 100,000 copies and has produced two popular singles, "Ain’t Love Grand" and "Lip Gloss and Black." Their newest album, "Congregation of the Damned", was released October 2009 and delighted many of their original fans. Their songs changed by their music slowly getting heavier and darker.


title: Scordatura

text: In the late 19th century and 20th century there are examples of composers using scordatura. In his Fourth Symphony Mahler asks the violin soloist (the leader of the orchestra) to play on a violin tuned to Gsharp-D-A-Eflat. The music is describing a poor beggar playing a violin. The violin soloist needs a second instrument for this, so that he can swap quickly back to a normal violin.


title: Scordatura

text: Saint-Saëns asks the solo violin in "Danse Macabre" to tune the E string to Eflat to make it sound like the devil.


title: Scordatura

text: Zoltán Kodály wrote a sonata in B minor for solo cello, for which the cellist has to tune down the two lower strings to F# and B instead of G and C. This helps to make a very dark, rich sound when playing B minor chords.


title: Reflecting pool

text: A reflecting pool or reflection pool is a pool of water that is in many memorials. It is usually shallow and calm, so that a visitor can see a reflection of the memorial in the water. Visitors are also supposed to think about what the memorial means while looking at the pool. This is also called reflecting.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is a 1968 British fantasy musical film, loosely based on Ian Fleming's novel "Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang: The Magical Car". The movie's script is by Roald Dahl and Ken Hughes. The songs are by the Sherman Brothers. The song "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" was nominated for an Academy Award.


title: Lyft

text: Lyft is a taxi service which is publicly traded and based in San Francisco, California, USA. Lyft allows users to find, through a website or mobile app, drivers who are partnering with the service and are ready to give them a ride for a reasonable fee. Lyft's motto is “your friend with a car”. According to the company, their service allows its clients to travel by Lyft at a cost 30% lower than using traditional taxis.


title: Reflecting pool

text: The most famous reflecting pool is the one leading up to the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. Other famous reflecting pools are the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool and the pool in front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., U.S.A.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: The film stars Dick Van Dyke as Caractacus Potts, Sally Ann Howes as Truly Scrumptious, Lionel Jeffries as Grandpa Potts, James Robertson Justice as Lord Scrumptious and Robert Helpmann as the Childcatcher. The film was directed by Ken Hughes. It was produced by Albert R. Broccoli (co-producer of the James Bond series of films, also based on Fleming's novels). John Stears supervised the special effects. Irwin Kostal supervised and conducted the music. The musical numbers were staged by Marc Breaux and Dee Dee Wood.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Baron Bomburst is the main antagonist in the 1968 film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. He is a cruel king and a pirate who will stop at nothing to get his hands on the enchanted car. In spite of being so cruel and tyrannical, it is clear that he is also incredibly childish, as shown by his selfish love of toys, his whiny nature, and his determination to get everything he wants. Incidentally, the book Chitty Chitty Bang Bang was written by James Bond's creator Ian Fleming, and both films were produced by Albert R . Broccoli.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: He was portrayed by the late Gert Fröbe, who also played the titular villain Auric Goldfinger of the James Bond film.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Baroness Bomburst is a supporting antagonist and hero in the film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and later the stage musical adaptation. The character was created by screenwriter Roald Dahl and did not appear in the original Ian Fleming novel.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: In the 1968 film, she is played by Anna Quayle In the theatrical version in London, she was played by Nichola McAuliffe, Sandra Dickinson, and Louise Gold amongst others, and on Broadway, she was played by Jan Maxwell. On the UK National tour, she has been played by (amongst others) Louise Plowright, Jane Gurnett, Kim Ismay, Tamsin Carroll, Michelle Collins, and Claire Sweeney.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: First appearing as a gentleman pirate when the Potts and Truly Scrumptious are picnicking on the beach, he reveals a cruel and greedy streak by attempting to steal the enchanted car, and then he orders his men to load cannons, and when The Car floats he wants it even more. But the car escapes much to his disappointment, and seeing that the car is able to float and move like a speedboat on the sea, he sabotages the Potts' home by air and kidnaps Grandfather Potts, mistaking him for the inventor of Chitty.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Later, when the Potts follow Bomburst's airship to his native Vulgaria, they discover how cruelly the Baron treats his subjects. Although it is stated that "the Baroness hates children" and that it is the Baroness who sends for the Child Catcher, it's obvious that the Baron himself hates children as well, and his greed is evident all the more when it is revealed that all the toys made by Vulgaria's toymaker are for him.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Baron Bomburst is last seen when a huge battle occurs in his castle by an ambush lead by Caractacus Potts, Bomburst's loyal servant The Toymaker, the children of the villagers, and Truly Scrumptious. He and his wife cowardly hide from the battle and see lots of children ambush his castle. Wondering where the children are coming from the Bomburst couple summons the Child Catcher but even the Child Catcher is ultimately defeated by the Children and is left hanging from a net in the air. Realizing the Child Catcher is defeated Baroness suggests escaping down a slide. Baron Bomburst at first doesn't like the idea, due to not wanting to get his clothes dirty, but the couple goes down anyway and gets trapped in the Child Catcher's cage-car and the Bomburst couple is defeated. The Villagers help battle the Cavalry and Bomburst gets defeated in the battle. With the Baron and Baroness defeated the Cavalry retreats the battle in terror. Though Vulgaria then becomes a free country, it is completely unknown what happened to the Bomburst couple afterward, but as they did not execute any kid, it is highly likely that they were not executed for their crimes and were either exiled or sent to the very dungeons


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Jeremy and Jeremiah Potts got captured by the child catcher, who was disguised as an ice cream man They, along with their father, the toymaker and Truly Scrumptious finally capturing the Child Catcher. Who later appears in the advert or sequel as a minor character who will later appear in the advert but they don't speak ready to take them back to the Baron Bomburst.


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Film critic Roger Ebert reviewed the film ("Chicago Sun-Times", 24 December 1968). He wrote: ""Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" contains about the best two-hour children's movie you could hope for, with a marvelous magical auto and lots of adventure and a nutty old grandpa and a mean Baron and some funny dances and a couple of [scary] moments."


title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

text: Film critic and historian Leonard Maltin considered the picture "one big Edsel. He said the movie had a totally forgettable score and some of the shoddiest special effects ever." In 2008, "Entertainment Weekly" called Helpmann's depiction of the Child Catcher one of the "50 Most Vile Movie Villains."


title: Doboj Region

text: Doboj Region is one of seven regions in Republika Srpska. In the center of this region is town of Doboj. Doboj Region is located in the north of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


title: Pupusa

text: A pupusa is a thick griddle cake or flatbread from the cuisine of El Salvador is a traditional food made with corn flour, beans, cheese, chicharrón (pork), or any filling. People usually eat pupusas at breakfast and dinner. It is eaten with tomato sauce and curtido.


title: Deviled egg

text: Deviled eggs , also known as stuffed eggs, Russian eggs, or dressed eggs, is an egg-based dish. Deviled eggs can be made into peanut butter and jelly eggs. It only takes almost 15 minutes to cook.


title: Patricia Routledge

text: Dame Katherine Patricia Routledge ( ; born 17 February 1929), professionally billed as Patricia Routledge, is an English actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Hyacinth Bucket in the BBC sitcom "Keeping Up Appearances" (1990–1995), for which she was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Light Entertainment Performance in 1992 and 1993. Her film appearances include "To Sir, with Love" (1967) and "Don't Raise the Bridge, Lower the River" (1968).


title: Filet Mignon

text: Filet Mignon (French:"Fine fillet") is a type of meat. It is cut from the small end of the tenderloin. It can also refer to a part of the pork tenderloin.


title: Pupusa

text: Pupusas - also known as pupisio - were first created by the Pipil in El Salvador. Over time cooking material for their preparation have been found in Joya de Cerén, “El Salvador’s Pompeii”, place of a native small town that was buried by ashes from a volcano explosion, and where foodstuffs were preserved as they were being cooked almost two thousand years ago by the tribes. The articles for their preparation have also been found in other archaeological sites in El Salvador.


title: Patricia Routledge

text: Routledge was born in Tranmere, Cheshire, England. She has never been married and has no children. She has lived in Chichester, West Sussex since 2000, and regularly worships at Chichester Cathedral.


title: Filet Mignon

text: In France, filet mignon is referred to pork. There are different terms of the cut in other countries. E.g. filet de bœuf in French, fillet steak in the UK, filéstek in Swedish, filetsteak in German, filete in Spanish, filé mignon in Portuguese, filee steik in Estonian, and filetbiff in Norwegian.


title: Pupusa

text: Depending on what city people visit, they’ll find different types of Pupusas. if they go to the coast side, they’ll find Pupusas filled with shrimp and fish. Pupusas can be also filled with different types of flowers like “flor de Izote” (El Salvador national flower), lorocco, Cucurbita argyrosperma, cilantro, Chamaedorea tepejilote, chipilín, mora, chicken, and papelillo.


title: Filet Mignon

text: In the U.S., both the central and large end of the beef tenderloin are often sold as "filet mignon" in supermarkets and restaurants. The French terms for these cuts are "tournedos" (the smaller central portion), "châteaubriand" (the larger central portion), and "biftek" (cut from the large end known as the "tête de filet" (lit. "head of filet") in French).


title: Pupusa

text: There are various types of Pupusas in El Salvador alone. From the way the dough is made to the preparation and even the fillings that are used, each place and pupuseria can have their own take on making a pupusa. On the other hand, El Salvador, a pupusa de arroz is also a popular variant. It is made from rice flour instead of cornmeal. Of course pupusas are not always going to taste the same, depending on what type of dough people make them with. Pupusas might taste a little different when using commercial corn or rice flour instead of masa harina (dried cornmeal flour) that Salvadorians use.


title: Phantasy Star Generation: 2

text: Sega Ages 2500 Series Vol. 17: Phantasy Star Generation: 2 (SEGA AGES 2500シリーズ Vol.17 ファンタシースター generation:2) is the seventeenth entry in the Sega Ages 2500 series for the PlayStation 2.


title: Phantasy Star Generation: 2

text: This game is much like "", except that it stands as a remake of "Phantasy Star II". Like the first "generation" a number of tweaks were made to bring it in line with more modern RPGs, and the graphics and sound have been updated.


title: Phantasy Star Generation: 2

text: "Sega Ages 2500 Series Vol. 17: Phantasy Star Generation: 2" is the seventeenth entry in the Sega Ages 2500 series for the PS2. Similarly to the , this game is a modern remake of Phantasy Star II including new graphics, sounds, and gameplay. Also included an emulated version of the Mega Drive Phantasy Star II.


title: Phantasy Star Generation: 2

text: Phantasy Star II is the second installment in Sega's acclaimed Phantasy Star series and serves as a sequel to the original Phantasy Star for the Master System. Phantasy Star II takes place 1,000 years after the events of its predecessor and follows the journey of a government agent named Rolf and his friends, who are on a mission to discover why the protector of the planet Mota, Mother Brain, has started malfunctioning.


title: Universal indicator

text: A universal indicator is a test to measure the pH value of a liquid. The solution that is used has several chemical indicators in it. This means that the indicator is able to show different colours (and therefore pH value ranges). The drawback of this solution is that it cannot be used for titrations, which expect a well-defined change in color.


title: Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award

text: The Super Bowl Most Valuable Player or Super Bowl MVP, is an award given at the end of the Super Bowl, the National Football League's championship game, to the player who was the best in the game.


title: Christmas and holiday season

text: At Christmas time is a term, which refers to the festive atmosphere that prevails in large parts of the western world between the end of November and the beginning of January. In Christianity, the first Advent is seen as the starting shot for the Christmas preparations although modern Christmas shopping starts at Black Friday.


title: Christmas and holiday season

text: Within the Roman Catholic Church, the term was originally seen as synonymous with the Christmas Twelfth.


title: Christmas and holiday season

text: The period in the northern hemisphere is known as a winter holiday, with songs such as "Advent being dark and cold" and "White Christmas", while in the southern hemisphere it falls during the summer. It rarely snows in the southern hemisphere during the Christmas holidays, except in the alpine areas of Australia, Chile, Argentina, the Highlands of New Guinea and the Southern Alps of South Island.


title: Animal colour

text: Animal colour (or coloration) is produced by light reflecting from an animal's surface. The ways animals produce colours include pigments, chromatophores and other structures, and bioluminescence.


title: Animal colour

text: Since sight is usually so important to animals, and is so often used by predators as a long-range way to find prey, an animal's colour must serve one or more functions. These functions, such as finding prey, or evading capture, or finding a mate, are absolutely essential for life and survival. Therefore, animal colour is determined by natural selection because it affects the survival of animals and their offspring.


title: Animal colour

text: Overwhelmingly, the most common function of colour is in predator-prey relationships. "Anti-predator adaptations occur in every biome of the world and in almost every taxonomic group".


title: Animal colour

text: Animal colour has been a topic of interest and research in biology for a long time. According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, features such as colouration evolved by providing individual animals with a reproductive advantage. For example, individuals with slightly better camouflage than others of the same species would, on average, leave more offspring.


title: Animal colour

text: Animals can have a camouflage defence at distance, but when faced by a predator they may switch to a 'flash' defence to gain time and distract the predator. The predator often blinks or turns its face away in self-defence. This is a reflex act which is there to protect its vital facial area. In the second the predator blinks, the prey flies or jumps, and lands in camouflage again. This pattern of colour plus behaviour is quite common. It is called deimatic defence by textbooks, from the Greek for 'dread' or 'to frighten'.


title: Battle of Granada

text: The Battle of Granada was a siege of the city of Granada. It was fought for several months and ended in the surrender of Granada on January 2, 1492. The forces of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile fought against the armies of the Muslim Emirate of Granada.


title: DoorDash

text: DoorDash Inc. is an American on-demand prepared food delivery service. founded by Stanford students Tony Xu, Stanley Tang, Andy Fang and Evan Moore. It is one of several technology companies. It uses logistics services to offer food deliveries from restaurants on-demand. DoorDash launched in Palo Alto and, as of May 2019, had expanded to more than 4,000 cities and offers a selection of 340,000 stores across the United States, Canada and Australia.


title: Battle of Granada

text: This relatively small campaign was of enormous consequences because Granada was the last outpost of Al-Andalus in Spain and its fall meant the end of 780 years of Muslim control in the Iberian Peninsula. It also was the last act in the Reconquista, the campaign by the medieval Christian states of Spain to drive out the Moorish invaders. After heavy days of fighting, the royal imperial forces of Queen Isabella of Castile marched into the city of Granada and captured it from its last Muslim ruler, Mahoma XII ("Muhammad XII"). After the capture of the city, Muhammad was invited to the royal tent of the queen and her imperial forces where a formal surrender was issued. After his surrender, Muhammad was ordered by Queen Isabella to leave the Iberian Peninsula and go to North Africa where he was expelled along with the rest of the Muslim of Andalusia. After the capture of Granada, the royal forces hoisted the Castilian flag atop the Alhambra fortified complex palace. The royal tent was then closed and the royal army moved out from Granada and back to the capital of Madrid.


title: DoorDash

text: It is expected to launch an IPO in 2020, the company is currently worth close to $16 billion and is the largest third-party delivery service in the U.S., surpassing Grubhub in 2019.


title: Family Guy (season 1)

text: The first season of the animated comedy show "Family Guy" aired on Fox from January 31 to May 16, 1999. The first season of "Family Guy" has seven episodes. The show is about the dysfunctional Griffin family. The family consist of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and their anthropomorphic (having human abilities) dog Brian. They all live in their hometown of Quahog, Rhode Island. The show features the voices of the show's creator Seth MacFarlane. Other voice actors include Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Lacey Chabert. The executive producers for the first season were David Zuckerman and MacFarlane.


title: Great Western main line

text: The Great Western main line is a main line railway in England, that runs westwards from London Paddington to . It opened in 1841 and was the original route of the old Great Western Railway. In 1948 it became the Western Region of British Railways. It is now part of the national rail system managed by Network Rail.


title: Family Guy (season 1)

text: The first episode is "Death Has a Shadow". The episode was broadcast after Super Bowl XXXIII and was watched by 22.01 million viewers. The show received positive feedback from critics. The episodes "I Never Met the Dead Man" and "Brian: Portrait of a Dog", received more positive feedback than the rest of the episodes of season one. Some critics did not like the theme of those episodes. The Volume One DVD box set, included all seven episodes and the second season. It was released in Region 1 on April 15, 2003, Region 2 on November 12, 2001, and Region 4 on October 20, 2003. The show has since been released in other television shows.


title: Great Western main line

text: The line was electrified from Paddington to Heathrow Airport in the late 1990s. Work to electrify the rest of the route started in 2011. The aim was to complete the work all the way to Bristol by 2016. Parts of the programme have been deferred because costs have tripled. The four sections deferred are: Didcot to Oxford, Bristol Parkway to Bristol Temple Meads, Royal Wootton Bassett Junction to Bristol Temple Meads and the Thames Valley branches to Henley-on-Thames and Windsor.


title: Family Guy (season 1)

text: MacFarlane first thought of the idea for "Family Guy" in 1995. He was studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). There, he created his thesis movie "The Life of Larry". His professor at RISD submitted the movie to Hanna-Barbera. This gave MacFarlane being hired by the company. Executives at Fox saw the movie. They contracted MacFarlane to create a show based on the characters. They called it "Family Guy". While working on the show, Larry and his dog Steve, became Peter and Brian. The rest of the show's characters were added later.


title: 2019 Whakaari / White Island eruption

text: The volcanic island Whakaari, also called White Island, explosively erupted in New Zealand's northeastern Bay of Plenty region on 9 December 2019 at 2:11 pm NZDT. There were 47 people on or near the island at the time. The amount of people killed is currently 22, including 2 people that went missing and are believed to be dead. 25 people were injured, many critically.


title: 2019 Whakaari / White Island eruption

text: White Island is a popular tourist attraction. In the days leading up to the eruption, the volcano on White Island became more unstable, causing an earthquake at one point. Although the volcano's alert level increased, tours of White Island continued.


title: 2019 Whakaari / White Island eruption

text: When the volcano erupted, it sent rock, volcanic ash, and super-hot gas into the air. This hot gas burned the people on the island, causing deaths and injuries. The type of eruption was a phreatic eruption, where water heated by magma turns into steam and causes an explosion.


title: 2019 Whakaari / White Island eruption

text: WorkSafe New Zealand, New Zealand's primary workplace safety organization, launched an investigation into the disaster alongside New Zealand police. WorkSafe New Zealand later charged 3 people (the owners of White Island) and 10 organizations.


title: British Asian

text: British Asians are a group of people in the United Kingdom. British Asians are part of ethnic groups that come from Asia. Asians were 7% of the United Kingdom's population in 2011. The ancestors of most Asian people in Britain lived in South Asia. Many British Asians are British Indians, British Pakistanis, or British Bangladeshis (from South Asia). Most others are British Chinese, British Japanese (from East Asia) and others come from other countries in Asia.


title: Feigned retreat

text: A feigned retreat is a military tactic where a force will pretend to be defeated, fake a retreat, then while they are being pursued, turn and ambush the enemy. It can be used to cause confusion in the enemy ranks or to force some to leave and weaken their battle formations. Battlefield commanders have had to use this tactic carefully so the feigned retreat did not become a real retreat. It was a tactic used in ancient history and is still being used today. Sun Tzu wrote about it in his book "The Art of War". He warned his readers: "When some are seen advancing and some retreating, it is a lure."


title: Executive order

text: An executive order or executive decree is a rule or order, or a law made by a head of state (president or monarch) who has this power given to him by the constitution of the country. The order tells ministries, agencies, the civil service and the military of a state the things that they must do.


title: Executive order

text: Executive orders can be stopped by the courts in a process called judicial review. They may be stopped by the courts or the legislature if they are against laws or against the constitution.


title: Executive order

text: However, in countries where there is no real separation of powers and the head of state is actually a dictator, the executive order cannot be stopped by the courts or the legislature, which as a result have no powers and are controlled by him. In many cases, the head of state with dictatorial powers often rules the country by making executive orders rather than making laws in the legislature which he also controls.


title: Executive order

text: Executive orders have a big effect on the internal affairs of the government and on the citizens. They decide how and to what degree legislation will be enforced. They also deal with emergencies and wars.


title: Preludes (Chopin)

text: Preludes, Op. 28 is a collection of 24 short musical works for solo piano, written by Frédéric Chopin between 1837 and 1838 and published in the middle of 1839, just after the composer's winter stay on the isle of Majorca with George Sand.


title: Preludes (Chopin)

text: Chopin was greatly influenced by Johann Sebastian Bach when he wrote these preludes. Each of the works in the collection is in a different major or minor key, with not one being left out, just like Bach's 24 preludes and fugues in "The Well-Tempered Clavier". But unlike Bach, Chopin arranges the preludes in order through the circle of fifths. The first prelude in the set is in C major, the next in A minor, then G major, E minor, and so on, until the last two, which are in F major and finally D minor.


title: Preludes (Chopin)

text: The "Preludes" are all very different. Many are very short (they take only about one minute each to play), so the atmosphere changes quickly, and this can make the overall structure seem out of place. Artists have recorded the entire set of preludes on CDs, and they are often performed in concerts as well.


title: Preludes (Chopin)

text: One of the well-known pieces from the "Preludes" is Prelude No. 15, in D-flat major and nicknamed "Raindrop". This nickname refers to the monotonous repetition of one note in the accompaniment. It reminded early music lovers of the dripping of raindrops. Another well-known number is Prelude No. 4, in E minor, with its melancholy descending chords in the accompaniment.


title: Preludes (Chopin)

text: Besides the 24 preludes of Op. 28, Chopin would write three more preludes, Op. 45 in C-sharp minor (composed in 1841), one in A-flat major (1834), and the so-called "Devil's Trill" Prelude, in E-flat minor, which Chopin never ended up finishing.


title: Ed Stewart

text: Ed "Stewpot" Stewart (23 April 1941 – 9 January 2016) was a British broadcaster. He was known for his work as a DJ on BBC Radio 1 (particularly the Saturday morning "Junior Choice") and BBC Radio 2 and as a presenter for "Top of the Pops" and "Crackerjack" on BBC Television.


title: Test Mode

text: A Test Mode is a secret mode hidden in an electronic device that allows a manufacturer to test the product before it gets sent to the consumer. A consumer can access the test mode by pressing some buttons and either inserting the battery or holding down and letting go of the reset button. On entering a test mode, the electronic device will do random sounds and other things, like giving out a version number and producing a loud beep to confirm that the speaker is working. The main part of the test mode is either a rapid fire or manual sound playing program on which the electronic device cycles through it's list of sounds.


title: Test Mode

text: Test Modes in electronic handheld games are often accessed for creativity purposes on which the consumer can record the sounds they need to make skits, commercials and other things.


title: Jim Henson's The Hoobs (video game)

text: The Hoobs is a 2002 video game made for the PlayStation based on the show of the same name. It was developed by Runecraft and published by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. The game follows Iver, Tula and Groove around Hoobland, as they learn about the world.


title: Jim Henson's The Hoobs (video game)

text: The Hoobs is a BAFTA-winning children's television programme created and produced by The Jim Henson Company. It stars five creatures called Hoobs (Hubba Hubba, Iver, Groove, Tula, and Roma) from the fictional Hoobland, and their interactions with Earth and the human race. In each episode they try to find the answer to a question to be put in the great Hoobopaedia created by Hubba Hubba, back in Hoobland, in hopes of learning all there is to know. Hubba Hubba remains in Hoobland; Iver, Groove, and Tula live in the Hoobmobile; and Roma travels to all parts of the world. The five creatures are puppets, but the show also includes some animated sequences as well as live motion of human children who explain concepts to the Hoobs.


title: Jim Henson's The Hoobs (video game)

text: Jim Hensons colorful creations, The Hoobs, have entertained TV audiences worldwide and are now bringing their muppet-style fun and learning to the PlayStation.


title: Jim Henson's The Hoobs (video game)

text: The Runecraft-developed game follows the adventures of Iver, Tula and Groove as they embark on a voyage of discovery around Hoobland, sharing their experiences with other Hoobs via an enormous database—known as the Hoobopaedia—as well as the local news station and the internet. Half action game, half edutainment title, kids stand to find a whole load of stuff just waiting to be discovered, as well as some interesting Hoob language. Released only in Europe.


title: Jim Henson's The Hoobs (video game)

text: Hoob! Hoob! Hooray! The Hoobs are here to play! Hop aboard the Hoobmobile with Iver, Tula and Groove and set off on a journey of exploration and discovery, music, dance and FUN. Parents: This Hoobashious game is both entertaining and educational, and not just for you, but for your Tiddlypeeps too! Hoobletoodledoo! Visit the icy arctic, the wild jungle, the rugged mountains, the sandy beach and the Hoobygroovy barnyard. Play fifteen mini-games including Hide and Seek, Matching Pairs and Feed the Chickens. Interact with Hoobloads of Tiddlypeeps to help Hoobs discover the answer to the question of the day.


title: Thaksin Shinawatra

text: Thaksin Shinawatra (born July 26, 1949) is a former Prime Minister of Thailand, and he is in exile (as of 2017). He is also a businessman, politician, . He is a former leader of the Thai Rak Thai Party.


title: Thaksin Shinawatra

text: "[H]is young sister, former prime minister Yingluck, went into hiding [in 2017]. She failed to appear at the Supreme Court's Criminal Division for Holders of Political Positions Positions ... to hear the ruling in her rice-pledging scheme trial".


title: Johannes Vermeer

text: Johannes Vermeer or Jan Vermeer (baptised 31 October 1632, died December 1675) was a Dutch Baroque painter. He spent his life in the town of Delft. Vermeer came from a Protestant family but he married a Catholic, named Catherina Bolnes, in April 1653. They had eleven children.


title: Johannes Vermeer

text: Vermeer mainly painted people in daily life. He painted people in detail and used rich colors. He kept the backgrounds simple. This contrast makes the viewer focus on the main point.


title: Johannes Vermeer

text: He used perspective technique to draw lines from one dot on the canvas. He used this technique on his 17 paintings. Those paintings have a little dot which may be used for perspective.


title: Johannes Vermeer

text: Vermeer’s painted women often wear blue clothes. This color blue is made from a natural mineral called lapis lazuli.


title: Johannes Vermeer

text: There is no self portrait of Jan Vermeer. His face may be in some other paintings, especially "The Art of Painting" ("De Schilderkunst") and "The Procuress" ("De Koppelaarste"), but there is no proof that the man is Vermeer.


title: Johannes Vermeer

text: When Vermeer died his family had financial troubles, and after his death many of his paintings were sold at auction.


title: Johannes Vermeer

text: Vermeer became more famous after being rediscovered by art historians and art collectors in the 1800s.


title: Paulo Ferreira

text: Paulo Ferreira (born 18 January 1979) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Chelsea and the Portuguese national team.


title: Surströmming

text: Surströmming is a Swedish dish that is made by fermenting herring. It has been made at least since the 16th century. The herring is caught in spring, and just enough salt will be added so it does not spoil. The herring will ferment for at least six months. As a result, the dish has a strong smell, and an acidic taste. Since the 1940s, it is forbidden to sell Surströmming of the same year before the third thursday in August. While the decree is no longer valid, the producers still keep that date as begin of the sales of this year's batch. Very often, Baltic herring is used instead of Atlantic herring. Baltic herring is much smaller.


title: Yogyakarta Principles

text: Yogyakarta Principles, formally The Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity is an advocacy document relating to international human rights law on the dignity and asserted rights of LGBT people. It was adopted after an international meeting held by the International Commission of Jurists in Yogyakarta, Indonesia from 6 to 9 November 2006. Mary Robinson, a former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, is one of 29 people who signed the Principles. The Council of Europe esteems these Principles in a document, "Human Rights and Gender Identity". These Principles have also been translated into the official languages of the United Nations: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. They have also been translated into other languages.


title: Yogyakarta Principles

text: The Principles also reports that there are refugees from persecution and even honour killings because of sexual orientation or gender identity.


title: Yogyakarta Principles

text: To realize the human rights on sexual orientation and gender identity according to the Vienna Declaration and those Principles, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has made up a document for the 19th sessions of United Nations Human Rights Council. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime also use those Principles for the human treatment of prisoners.


title: Yogyakarta Principles

text: The Yogyakarta Principles consist of a Preamble, 29 Principles, and additional recommendations to the United Nations and the international community based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Vienna Declaration, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. According to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women they also exist to abolish the stereotyped role on gender. The Yogyakarta Principles affirm international legal standards with which they demand States must comply.


title: Yogyakarta Principles

text: The Preamble tells of human rights violations because of sexual orientation and gender identity and explains what sexual orientation and gender identity are. The Principles affirm human rights, such as civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, and demand the prohibition of all discrimination relating to those human rights. Principle 3 demands legal recognition of the sex change of transsexuals without any surgery, including sterilization and sexual reassignment surgery, because the each person's self-defined gender identity is seen as important for the autonomy and dignity of the person. But at the same time, the importance of the rights to undergo body modification on sexual reassignment surgery as a "non-discriminatory treatment" and other health cares without discrimination is emphasized, and must be provided even in prison. The Principles affirm protection by states against all human trafficking, homelessness and violence, hate crimes, harassment and bullying. They insist that it is important for society to respect the dignity and self-esteem of LGBT people against prejudice and to protect their right to education. The Principles also insist on the prevention of any medical abuse, including the case of the intersex children, and assert that any gender identity is not a disease. They also aim to promote human rights of any kind and say that States must protect LGBT activists from any violence, threat or discrimination against them. Principle 29 affirms that violations of human rights including on sexual orientation and gender identity must be punished.


title: Yogyakarta Principles

text: Many radical feminists think the Principles are misguided and a threat to women's rights. Feminist scholar Sheila Jeffreys says "The Yogyakarta Principles do not have any force in law...They arise from a campaign by crossdressing men to protect and promote their masochistic sexual obsession."


title: Setsubun

text: Setsubun is a traditional event in Japan and it celebrates the end of winter and the beginning of spring. It takes place on February 3 or 4 and there are a lot of ways to celebrate the day. People take part in a traditional "mame-maki" ceremony. People throw roasted soybeans ("mame") and shout ‘‘"Oni wa Soto Fuku wa Uti"’’(Get out Ogre! Come in Happiness!). After the ceremony, each person eats the number of beans of their year of age in order to get happiness in the coming year. Another traditional custom is putting a head of a sardine and "hiiragi" on the door to get rid of "Oni" (ogre). In addition, people living in the "Kansai" area eat "Nori Maki" (a special "sushi" roll) while facing the ‘’lucky direction’’ and not saying a word .


title: Setsubun

text: Setsubun means “division of the seasons” in the literal sense. In ancient times the beginning of each season was called Setsubun. On the Setsubun day, various rituals were conducted to drive away devil’s sprits. Nowadays, however, Setsubun only refers to "Risshun" (beginning of spring) because the day is the most important than the other Setsubun day since the day is a new year’s day in lunar calendar.It is said that both of beans and rice have spiritual power in it, and to throw these things is a good way to drive demons from our own and our house. People used to throw rice in ancient time, but people started to throw beans instead of rice since Chinese folkway was introduced. Since then, people throw beans to drive demons on Setsubun day.


title: Setsubun

text: As we said above, people usually eat an "Ehomaki", which is a kind of "makizushi", on Setsubun. "Makizushi" means “call over happiness”. It is usually eaten without being cut because if it is cut, it implies “break up”. People usually put 7 kinds of ingredients in it after the Seven Gods of Fortune.


title: Setsubun

text: It is eaten without saying anything. Generally, it’s because it would be rude to the Seven Gods of Fortune if people are talking while it is eaten, but anyone doesn’t know the fact.


title: Setsubun

text: "Setsubun" means separating seasons, and indicated each day before the first day of spring, summer, autumn and winter.


title: Setsubun

text: However, the event "Setsubun" is very famous, so it became the word to indicate the day before the first day of spring


title: Setsubun

text: Setsubun was a ceremony to drive off ancient China and gods who brought misfortune. Originally, it was the folk event


title: Setsubun

text: to hope talisman and good crop of private sector. This ceremony came down to Japan in the "Nara" era.


title: Setsubun

text: In the "Hiean" era, "Tsuina" that the event of New Year's Eve held in the palace, changed into the ceremony to drive demons.


title: Setsubun

text: It died out in the "Muromachi" era, but the event gradually spread among commoner and remained as "Mamemaki" of Setsubun.


title: Setsubun

text: In the evening of Setsubun, people set up branches of holly with sardine at the entrance of house, and scatter parched beans.


title: Setsubun

text: In the meantime, "Ehomaki" started as a custom to pray for the prosperous business at the harbor of "Osaka" in the end of "Edo" era. The custom died out temporarily, but "Osaka Nori Kyodo Kumiai" revived it in the event of "Dotonbori" in the late 1970's. Therefore, it was famous in the "Kansai" district. Also, it began to sell in the part of supermarkets and convenience stores in 1990's. In addition, it became rapidly popular among the whole country because "Ehomaki" was advertised considerably in stores.


title: Setsubun

text: There many events related to Setsubun in big shrines. For example, "Narita-san Shinsho-ji" in "Chiba" holds big events every year. Some believers of "Toshi-otoko" (a man who was born in a year with the same sign of the Chinese Zodiac as the current year.) or big names are invited to the event and they perform "mame-maki" ceremony to gather people. Because of the bad economy in Japan, these events are crowed with a lot of people who try to call in happiness.


title: Badi Door Se Aaye Hain

text: Badi Dooooor Se Aaye Hain () is an Indian sitcom on SAB TV. It aired from 9 June 2014 to 14 November 2016.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Data cooling is one of the most fundamental IT environment processes especially when it concerns a data center. As the new computer hardware becomes more compact while using the same amount or at times more electricity than the one that has been replaced, more heat is being produced inside the data centers. For collecting and transferring the remaining heat energy to the external atmosphere, accurate air conditioning and heat removal equipment is needed. The main goal is to transfer and transport unutilized heat energy from the IT environment to the external atmosphere.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Monitoring our service in real-life situations can be proved most of the times also equally important. With specific environmental sensors we can regulate,monitor and control data center’s temperature, airflow and hotspots and in general be aware of the quality of the “internal” environment and temperature in the data center.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: A computer room air conditioning (CRAC) unit is an apparatus that controls and maintains environmental features in the data center like temperature and humidity. While CRAC units makes use of mechanical refrigeration, a computer room air handler (CRAH) uses fans, cooling coils and a water-chiller system to remove heat.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: The aim of cooling is to transfer heat from the data center (indoor environment) to the outside environment. There are two basic approaches for removing the remaining heat, either using air or liquid (typically water).


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Air cooling has some important advantages as it’s practically easy to move and it doesn’t provoke any damage to the IT apparatus. Since heat flows from the warmer objects to the cooler ones and warm air is increasing with respect to cold air this means that can make us distinguish them in some level. In fact many manufacturers of air-based cooling designs consider this particular property while constructing IT equipment.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Room based cooling, as an air cooling system, uses the most classical type of refrigerating technique: the basic idea is that coolers push cold air in the environment, extracting warm air to the outside. Conditioners not only refresh, but also mix the air to avoid hot spots. This idea results to be efficient if the power load used for mixing the air is a small fraction of the total load of the datacenter. Simulations show that this approach is valid for relatively low power load densities (320-750 formula_1). Sometimes, when warm and hot air are being mixed the previous distinction is not plausible and this is where issues arise.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Hot/cold aisle is a format for racks of servers and generally IT apparatus inside a data center where the rack fronts face the rack fronts of the adjacent row. When cold aisle containment approach is used, row doors, aisle ceilings or overhead vertical walls are installed to contain the cold air coming from the cooling systems into the cold aisles. As the opposite, in hot aisle containment the hot air is contained so that the CRAC units just receive hot air.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: The aim of this configuration is to decrease the amount of produced energy and reduce the costs regarding the cooling process by controlling the air flow.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: If racks have empty space that it is not used then extra heat is being released into data center’s airflow in order to “fill in” this unused space.The use of blanking panels can prevent the hot air from being transmitted in the data center’s airflow.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: The top of the rack is considered to be the location which produces the greatest amount of heat. So, the specific placement of the racks can reduce the heat circulation from racks hot spots. The way that we can regulate this issue is by ordering rack components in a way that the more loaded equipment is placed on the lower racks and in such way we can ensure an optimal cooling. Since heavier equipment flow the most air, a lower rack placement will ensure that less heat is spreaded at the top of the rack.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: The free cooling method is composed of two main systems: the air-side economization and the water-side economization. The first one basically uses the air that comes from the outer environment in order to control and adjust the desired temperature in the IT apparatus. This technique is quite productive with respect to its cost (since we just take advantage of air from the external environment) but on the other hand has some disadvantages since it is likely to provoke humidity and moisture in the data center.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: In a similar way, water-side economization works with air from the outdoors and is commonly used with evaporation processes.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Liquid cooling can improve the efficiency of a data center as it provides an optimal and more targeted cooling. For example chilled water can be transferred directly to a rack of servers which is quite helpful as we want to provide cooling to specific places. Instead of trying to “balance” a desirable temperature throughout an entire room, it initializes the cooling process in the exact point that is needed; at a particular rack or cabinet. On the other hand, the use of liquid-based systems inside a data center could have some cons. Possible leaks are definitely a huge threat for the entire IT apparatus, transport of liquid may cause condensation and since the chilled liquid must be contained somewhere it requires more technological equipment and a suitable framework inside the data center; so in this case we need more resources. For the above reasons, although liquid-based systems are proved to be more reliable and effective, they appear to be quite expensive with respect to air cooling techniques and slightly more difficult to implement.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Using the setup of a liquid-based system, here the IT apparatus can be cooled by using water, or alternative cooling liquids to be pumped at server or rack level: cold plates are located as close as possible to the heat generating components. This technology makes use of the higher heat transfer capacity of the liquids, leading to greater savings in terms of energy requirement, in fact, single phase cooling systems can reduce, and sometimes eliminate needing for CRAC units.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: One of the most important disadvantages is that they require high pumping power. Other side effects are microbe formation, electrical conductivity of the liquids and erosive nature due to high fluid velocities.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: The main advantage, following an on-chip cooling approach is that, since direct discharge liquid stream is used, the energy capture is easier, permitting the waste heat recovery.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Two-phase cooling means using devices that can transform at least part of the cooling fluids into vapour when in contact with warm IT components. The phase transition permits a much more efficient heat exchange, in terms of cooling medium mass: in other words: to exchange a fixed amount of heat, two-phase cooling uses less refrigerating liquid in comparison with the quantity which is necessary in single-phase cooling.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: It was shown how, using multiphase systems, 4 times less mass-flow rates, 10 times less pumping power and 2 times less facility size.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: The core of the evaporator is composed by a mini or heat-sink by which the plate surface is maximized; minichannels have a pitch of 2 to 8 mm, while microchannels have a pitch of less than 1 mm. Microchannels are more capable in transferring the heat thanks to their higher surface, but they are more easily clogged, corroded and eroded.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: There are many options available to services or IT experts when it comes to specifying cooling solutions. These options may differ according to the size or the particular type of the solution needed.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Referring to the airflow process, large floor-mounted systems flow air in a downward direction (leading towards a lower flow level) or an upward direction (leading towards a higher flow level) and some can even flow horizontally (leading towards a horizontal flow level).


title: Data Center Cooling

text: These devices are best used in combination with IT monitoring and building management systems for quicker notification. They also provide early warning or automatic shut off during undesirable events.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: As a device that increases humidity, humidifiers can play an important role in the cooling process by preventing any unexpected overheating which may occur due to static electrical discharge.They are usually placed inside precision cooling devices in order to replace water vapor lost during the cooling process. Reassuring that the room has no current high or low humidity-related issues, the use of humidifiers can be in all computer room air conditioners and air handlers.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: When performing the particular technique, rooms should not have vapor barriers and also room temperatures should suggest humid climates. These systems in order to let the whole system provide increased dehumidification of the "internal" air, they add heat to conditioned cold air coming out of a precision cooling device.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: The advantage of using this approach is that it provides a surprisingly operating cost reduction when used.In this approach, (ethylene glycol) is used to cool the IT environment in a way which is similar to a chilled water system.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Data centers technology is quite complex and advanced and this has as a result to require huge amounts of energy. Therefore, data centers need to be as efficient as possible and data environmental control has a significant role to this issue.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: The recommended temperature for a data center is estimated between 21°C and 24°C. In addition to,some studies regarding the desired temperature in a data center shown that maybe it is not so optimal (money-wise) for firms to keep the temperature below 21°C. Furthermore, typical data center limit temperatures have been estimated to be 85°C for processors and DIMMs, while disk drives can usually work in stricter conditions, at a maximum of 45°C.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: It is also remarkable that, while the conventional heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC) for similar size rooms deal with heat fluxes in the order of 40-90 formula_1, cooling systems in data centers work with extremely higher heat loads: modern data center infrastructures can need to refresh apparatus that produces 6-10 formula_3 as power density. In the next few years, it is estimated that the power density consumption will still raise up to 15 formula_3.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Google for instance mentions the significance of taking serious action to reinforce energy efficiency in case of either running a small data center or a huge service. According to Google, many manufactures construct the suitable equipment to be used at temperatures higher than the standard 21°C we aforementioned. This may lead to next generation servers having the ability of performing at higher temperatures, fact that can make data center using less equipment and therefore save money. So for an effective management and control data centers should be able to perform accurate temperature analysis by measuring the amount of energy spent for processes that concern cooling.Nevertheless, the best solution may be consulting the corresponding equipment manufacturer so with his expertise can point out the suitable approach.


title: Data Center Cooling

text: Many opinions of experts about this subject point out that data centers could have better performance if they could adopt a mixture of cooling methods. Another important factor that could drastically contribute to an optimal performance is the location where data centers are placed. Constructing data centers either in places with cooler climates or near to sources of cold water not only could increase energy efficiency in a high level but also could reduce costs by deploying the external environment.


title: Milarepa

text: Milarepa (c. 1052—1135) is the most famous yogi, poet and Buddhist saint of Tibet. A collection of his teachings in the form of poetic songs called "The Hundred Thousand songs of Milarepa", and his biography "The Life of Milarepa" are two of the most popular books in Tibet.


title: Milarepa

text: Milarepa was a student of Marpa and the teacher of Gampopa. Together these three (Marpa, Milarepa and Gampopa) are considered to be the founders of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.


title: Milarepa

text: Milarepa was born in the village of Kya Ngatsa in the Gungthang province of western Tibet to a family of farmers. He was named Mila Thöpaga, which means ""Mila, a joy to hear."" When his father died, Milarepa's uncle and aunt took all of the family's wealth and property and mistreated Milarepa, his mother and sister. At his mother's urging, Milarepa left home and studied magic so that he could take revenge on his uncle and aunt.


title: Milarepa

text: While his aunt and uncle were having a party to celebrate the marriage of their son, Mila took his revenge by summoning a great hail storm to demolish their house, which killed 35 people. The villagers were angry and set off to look for Milarepa, but his mother got word to him and he sent anther hailstorm to destroy their crops.


title: Milarepa

text: Mila later came to regret his evil actions and so became determined to practice the Buddha's teachings. Setting out to find a teacher, he was eventually led to Marpa the translator. Marpa proved a harsh task master. Before Marpa would teach Mila, he had him build and then demolish three towers in turn and go through many other trials. Eventually Mila was granted the teachings of the Six Yogas of Naropa and Mahamudra. After practicing these teacings very diligently for twelve years in remote Himalayan caves of Tibet and Nepal, Mila attained the complete enlightenment. He is said to be the first to achieve this state within one lifetime. During his meditation practice he ate mostly nettle soup which made his skin turn green, and wore only a single cotton robe. He became known as Milarepa, which means the "Mila, the cotton clad one".


title: Milarepa

text: Later Milarepa become a wandering teacher and attracted many disciples, of whom the most well known were Rechungpa and Gampopa. Rechungpa followed the yogic lifestyle of his teacher while Gampopa, a Kadampa monk, eventually established a monastery a Daglha Gampo which became the first Kagyu institution. Later Gampopa's immediate disciples and their successors established the various branches of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.


title: 2022 South Korean presidential election

text: The 2022 South Korean presidential election, or 20th Republic of Korea presidential election () in South Korea, was held in South Korea on 9 March 2022. It was the eighth presidential election.


title: 2022 South Korean presidential election

text: The following people were candidates for the Democratic party primaries, but did not win the nomination or dropped out:


title: 2022 South Korean presidential election

text: The following individuals were candidates for the People Power Party primaries but did not win the nomination or dropped out:


title: 2022 South Korean presidential election

text: The following individual was a candidates for the People Power Party primaries but did not win the nomination:


title: French Indochina

text: French Indochina is a region that consists of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. It became part of the French colonial empire in the late 19th century. The Japanese Empire conquered it in the Second World War, and other wars went on for decades.


title: Ethiopian Empire

text: The Ethiopian Empire, or simply Ethiopia, also known as "Abyssinia" by foreigners, was an empire in Africa. It used to include modern day Ethiopia and Eritrea. When it was biggest, it controlled some parts of Egypt, Sudan, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia.


title: Ethiopian Empire

text: Abyssinia was mentioned in Egyptian records in 980 BC. Its king made the country Christian in the 4th century. The Solomonid dynasty ruled from 1270 to 1974 A.D., when it was overthrown by communists. At the time of its overthrow, it was the longest-lasting government in the world and one of the only two nations that did not get colonized in Africa.


title: Major general

text: A major general (or two-star general) is a rank in an army. It is between the ranks of lieutenant general and brigadier general. A major general usually commands a division. It comes from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparently confusing system whereby a lieutenant general outranks a major general (although a major outranks a lieutenant, a lieutenant outranks a sergeant-major.) A Major general is addressed as "general".


title: Los Angeles Times

text: The Los Angeles Times is a newspaper. It is the second largest newspaper in the United States. It is published in Los Angeles, California. It is the fourth most popular newspaper in the United States. It was created in 1881.


title: Rugby World Cup

text: The Rugby World Cup is the most important tournament in the sport of rugby union. The first one was in 1987. The cup happens every four years. The competition is one of the biggest sporting events in the world (along with the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics).


title: Rugby World Cup

text: There are only 20 spots available in a Rugby World Cup, so teams must compete for them in a qualifying competition. Teams that reached the knockout stages of the previous tournament automatically qualify for the next tournament.


title: Rugby World Cup

text: The 2011 match was held in New Zealand, and the 2015 England. The 2019 competition will be held in Japan.


title: Édouard-Henri Avril

text: Édouard-Henri Avril (21 May 1849 – 28 July 1928) was a French painter and illustrator. He used a pen name, Paul Avril, for illustrations of erotic or pornographic works. Today, he is mostly known for such illustrations.


title: Jhelum

text: Jhelum (Urdu and ) is a city on the right bank of the Jhelum River, in the district of the same name in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. Jhelum is known for providing a large number of soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as city of soldiers or land of martyrs.


title: Jhelum

text: This area is sometimes called North Panjab, Upper Panjab, Greater Pothohar/Extended Pothwar (or occasionally North Panjnadi region), and nowadays more specifically and correctly known as Panjistan Region and when it is combined with Mirpuri, Poonchi (in Kashmir) and (Southern) Hindko localities (mostly Hazara) is also known as "Panjistani belt".


title: Jhelum

text: The Panjistani language (as originally certified by Mohammad Afzal UK 1987 and some others) was formerly called North Panjabi, Upper Panjabi, Pothwari, Mirpuri, Western Pahari, Northern Lahnda, etc. In Jhelum it is spoken with the local accent or dialect known as Jhelumi.


title: Jhelum

text: These political parties namely the Panjistan Freedom Party (PFP) Panjistan National Party (PNP) Panjistan Communist Party (PCP) Panjistan Republican Party (PRP) Panjistan Democratic Front (PDF) Panjistan Popular Front (PPF) Panjistan Socialist Party (PSP) Panjistan Unionist party (PUP) Panjistan National Unity Party (PNUP) Panjistan Democratic party (PDP) Panjistan workers party (PWP) Panjistan Social Democratic Party (PSDP) and these major socio-cultural groupings called Panjistani language movement (PLM) Panjistani language board (PLB) Panjistani Literary Forum (PLF) Panjistani language Society (PLS) and Just4Panjistani Commission (J4P) want the creation of North Panjab or Panjistan province and recently formed the Charter of Panjistan council (or CPC).


title: Lynda Carter

text: Lynda Jean Carter (born July 24, 1951) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for being Miss USA (1973) and as the star of the 1970s television series "Wonder Woman" (1975–77) and "The New Adventures of Wonder Woman" (1977–79).


title: Radiator

text: A radiator is a device used to move heat from one location to another location. Some radiators are used to cool things, such as a car engine. Some radiators are used to heat


title: Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece

text: Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece, RE (; born 20 May 1967) is the eldest son and second child of Constantine II, the last King of Greece from 1964 to 1973 and his wife, Anne-Marie of Denmark. He was heir apparent to the throne of Greece and was its crown prince from birth until the monarchy was abolished.


title: Radiator

text: Most cars use a radiator to cool the engine. To produce power, engines must burn a fuel. This creates a lot of heat. If the heat is not removed, the engine will overheat and stop running. The radiator is connected to the engine with hoses.


title: Radiator

text: A liquid flows into the engine. Heat is moved from the engine to the liquid. The heat moves because of Newton's Law of Cooling. This law says that heat will move from something hot to something cooler.


title: Radiator

text: The liquid then moved into the radiator. The radiator has many small tubes for the liquid to flow through. Air moves around to the tubes to cool them. This cools the liquid. The liquid then return to the engine. This is a closed loop.


title: Radiator

text: Many houses are located in areas that get cold. Heat needs to be added to the house so the people are comfortable. A radiator is placed in a room to add heat to the room. The heat is created by a furnace. A heating radiator works just like a cooling radiator. The heat from the furnace moves to the radiator. The room is cooler than the radiator. The heat moves from the radiator into the room to warm the room.


title: William Joseph Burns

text: William Joseph Burns (born April 11, 1956) is an American politician. Burns is the 8th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency since March 19, 2021 during the Joe Biden administration. He was President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He was United States Deputy Secretary of State from 2011 to 2014.


title: William Joseph Burns

text: He was Ambassador of the United States to Jordan from 1998 to 2001, Assistant Secretary of State for Near East Affairs from 2001 to 2005, Ambassador of the United States to the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2008, and Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 2008 to 2011.


title: William Joseph Burns

text: On January 11, 2021, President-elect Joe Biden nominated him to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. On March 18, 2021 the United States Senate confirmed his nomination.