title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: The "Oxford English Dictionary" says the word "grandfather clock" comes from this song. Before that, grandfather clocks were called "longcase clocks". In 1905, Harry Macdonough and the Haydn Quartet (known then as the "Edison Quartet") made the first recording of this song that people know about.


title: Peter's Two Dads

text: Meg wants to have a birthday party at the house with a band playing, but Peter and Lois do not know how old she is. She calls them jerks because they bought sixteen candles instead of seventeen, her age. She sees that her birthday party has games like Pin the Tail on the Donkey.


title: Maratha dynasty

text: During Shahu's reign Satara was the Maratha capital. After his death, the capital was shifted to Pune. Under the Peshwas Marathas developed a very successful military campaign. Between 1720 and 1761 the Maratha empire expanded.


title: Transage

text: People who identify with a younger age tend to have been victims of poor parenting or didn't get to experience childhood to a desired extent and are trying to compensate for what they missed out on. People who identify with an older age tend to be gifted and declared as precocious during their toddlerhood.


title: Second Family of the United States

text: Kamala Harris, the 49th and current Vice President of the United States and her immediate family is the current Second Family of the United States since January 20, 2021.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: The clock is purchased on the morning of the grandfather's birth and works perfectly for 90 years, requiring only that it be wound at the end of each week.


title: Peter's Two Dads

text: Peter dresses up as a clown named "Pee Pants the Inebriated Hobo Clown" He shows Meg scarves coming out of his mouth, but he accidentally swallowed some of them and vomits. He also vomits a pair of long johns. Meg asks Lois if she can open her gifts, but Lois sees Stewie opening them. Peter gets drunk and tries to ride a unicycle down the stairs but falls off and crushes his father, Francis Griffin. Francis dies in the hospital and calls Peter "a fat stinking drunk" as his last words.


title: Maratha dynasty

text: After raiding Delhi on 1737 the frontiers of Maratha domination expanded into Rajasthan, Punjab, Bengaluru and Odisha. But these military campaigns also made other rulers hostile towards the Marathas and as a result they did not support Marathas in the third battle of Panipat.


title: Transage

text: Unfortunately, the concept of transage has been rejected by society due to the potential of pedophiles using it to justify their attraction or actions, even though not all people with a child's mentality or who want to befriend children are sexually attracted to them.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: The clock seems to know good and bad things that happen in the grandfather's life: It rings 24 chimes when the grandfather brings his new wife into his house. Near the grandfather's death, it rings an alarm, so the family gathers by his bed. After the grandfather dies, the clock stops and it never works again.


title: Peter's Two Dads

text: Peter is sad that his father did not like him, so he stops drinking and starts doing crack. Brian tells Peter that doing crack is just as bad as drinking. Peter goes to a hypnotist and learns that Francis was not his biological father. Peter asks his mom, Themla Griffin, and she reveals she had an affair with an Irish man named Mickey McFinnigan and that Mickey is Peter's biological father.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: Work wrote a sequel to the song two years later. The grandchild is the narrator again. The grandson says he is sad that the clock no longer works. The clock is sold to a junk dealer, who sells its parts and sells its case for people to burn. In the grandfather's house, the clock is replaced by a wall clock. The grandchild does not like the wall clock and calls it "that vain, stuck-up thing on the wall". The sequel was never as popular as the original.


title: Peter's Two Dads

text: Brian and Peter travel to a village in Ireland to find Mickey and learn that he is the town drunk. Being a town drunk is thought to be an honorable position by the people in Ireland. When Peter finds Mickey, Mickey does not believe that Peter is his son.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: The song was performed and translated many times. In the Czech version, sung by the country band Taxmeni, the song continues with an additional, joyful strophe, narrating further events in the grandson's life: the birth of his son and the purchase of a new clock on the same day, to maintain the family tradition.


title: Peter's Two Dads

text: Peter goes outside and sees the ghosts of Yoda, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Francis and Hayden Christensen. Francis calls him "a fat stinking drunk" again and gives Peter an idea. Peter challenges Mickey to a drinking contest. Peter wins the contest and Mickey is surprised. He now then believes that Peter is his son because no one but a member of his family could beat him in a drinking contest.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: "My Grandfather's Clock" was often played in Britain on "Children's Favourites". It was recorded by the Radio Revellers. In the United States, a version, without the last stanza of lyrics was recorded on an extended-play 45 rpm vinyl record on the Peter Pan label. (The other song on that side was "The Syncopated Clock", and the other side had "The Arkansas Traveler" and "Red River Valley".) Johnny Cash covered the song on his 1959 album "Songs of Our Soil". Evelyn Knight recorded the song for Decca Records. In 1959, it was included on the Four Lads' album, "Swing Along". Other versions became popular in other countries, for example, in Japan, singer Ken Hirai performed a cover, which became massively popular in 2002.


title: Peter's Two Dads

text: Brian says that Francis may not have been Peter's biological father, but he raised him like his own son, Francis did love Peter. Peter accepts this, but still wants to have Mickey as a biological father. Peter, Mickey, and an Irish crowd start singing and dancing to a song called "Drunken Irish Dad."


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: A popular clock toy, marketed by Fisher-Price from 1962 to 1968, had a dial on it that, when turned, caused the music box mechanism in the toy to play the song along with clock-like ticking and moving hands on the face of the clock. A new version of the toy (which is completely made of plastic and has other activities like a clicking plastic mouse on the side) has been manufactured by Fisher-Price since 1994. Other companies have also made imitations of the toy worldwide.


title: Peter's Two Dads

text: Lois sees Stewie opening Meg's presents and figures out he is going through a "mine" phase. She later finds Stewie with her jewelry. When she tells Stewie to stop messing with her jewelry, he snaps a pearl necklace of hers. Lois spanks Stewie, causing Stewie to run off and cry. However, he starts to enjoy the thought of being hit, so he causes trouble around the house. Lois does not want to hit him again and Stewie stops when he learns he hears himself begging too much.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: Jon Pertwee recorded a version in 1966 for the children's album "Children's Favourites", on the Music for Pleasure record label.


title: Peter's Two Dads

text: A reviewer on "Boxxet" said "when I checked the schedule and saw the title of this episode was 'Peter's Two Dads,' I was a little torn." He also says that the episode "left me with something of a mixed reaction." and called the episode "well constructed." Seth MacFarlane, creator of "Family Guy", said that this episode was one of his favorites, along with "PTV" and "Road to Rhode Island."


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: Joan Morris recorded it in 1975, on "Who Shall Rule This American Nation (Nonesuch)", an album of songs by Work.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: In 1983, Fred Penner, a Canadian children's entertainer, covered "My Grandfather's Clock" on the LP album "Special Delivery", which was later rereleased as "Ebenezer Sneezer" on CD in 1994.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: The Kenneth Williams character Rambling Syd Rumpo wrote a joke version of this song, "My Grandfather's Grunge", on the BBC radio show "Round the Horne". It was written by Barry Took and Marty Feldman.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: Garrison Keillor and the cast of the radio show "A Prairie Home Companion" recorded a parody titled "My Grandmother's Cat", telling the story of an old woman who overfed her cat until it was big enough to knock her down and try to eat her.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: This song was also used in the video game, "Five Nights at Freddy's 2", made by Scott Cawthon. It was released on November 10, 2014. The chorus of the song plays whenever a music box is wound up to keep one of the game's animatronic enemies away.


title: My Grandfather's Clock

text: The City Green in Union Park of Middletown, Connecticut includes this bust of the author near his birthplace.


title: Dodoma

text: Dodoma City is the capital city of Tanzania. It is the third biggest city in the country. The city is also the capital of the Dodoma region. The city has a population of 410,956 people. The name Dodoma means "It has sunk".


title: Dodoma

text: During German colonial rule in East Africa, the town of Dodoma was founded at the same time as the creation of the Tanzanian central railway. The British took over the city after World War I. Dodoma became an administrative center for the region until the independence of Tanzania in 1964. In 1973, plans were made to move the capital from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma. Tanzania's National Assembly moved there the next year. Many government offices are still in Dar es Salaam.


title: Tarzan

text: Tarzan is a main fictional character. He appeared in many books by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Burroughs first wrote about Tarzan in 1914. The book was called "Tarzan of the Apes". Tarzan's father was an English lord who died in the African jungle. The baby Tarzan was left alone in the jungle. Giant apes found the baby Tarzan and took care of him. Tarzan has also appeared in other media including movies, movie serials, comic books, and television programs.


title: Dimitar Berbatov

text: Dimitar Berbatov (born 30 January 1981) is a Bulgarian football player. He plays for Fulham and Bulgaria national team.


title: Territory of the Saar Basin

text: The Territory of the Saar Basin (, "Saarterritorium;" ) was usually called the Saar or the . It was a territory governed by the League of Nations under the Treaty of Versailles for 15 years from 1920.


title: Territory of the Saar Basin

text: It was made up of parts of the Prussian Rhine Province and the Bavarian Palatinate of the Rhine. It was slightly smaller than the modern German state of Saarland.


title: Territory of the Saar Basin

text: According to Treaty of Versailles the highly industrialized Saarland was to be governed by the League of Nations for a period of 15 years, and its coalfields given to France. The "Commission of Government", which represented the League of Nations, had five members. At least one member had to be French and one a native of the Saar.


title: Territory of the Saar Basin

text: At the end of the 15 year period, in 1935, the people of the Saar voted on how they wanted their country. They voted to become a part of Nazi Germany.


title: Territory of the Saar Basin

text: The League of Nations' control to the region was represented by the following Chairmen of the Commission of Government:


title: Territory of the Saar Basin

text: In 1933, many anti-Nazi Germans fled to the Saar, as it was the only part of Germany left outside the Third Reich's control. As a result, anti-Nazi groups wanted the Saarland to remain under control of League of Nations as long as Adolf Hitler ruled Germany. However, France had a lot of power in the Saar, including control of the coal mines. Not many "Saarlanders" liked France, and in the plebiscite on 13 January 1935, 90% of the voters wished to join Germany, and 8.86% wanted to stay with the League of Nations. Only 0.40% (that is, four voters in every thousand) wanted to join France.


title: Territory of the Saar Basin

text: On 17 January 1935, the territory's re-union with Germany was approved by the League Council. On 1 March, the Nazi Germany took over the region, and appointed Josef Bürckel as "Reichskommissar für die Rückgliederung des Saarlandes", "Reich Commissioner for the re-union of Saarland".


title: Territory of the Saar Basin

text: When re-incorporation was completed, the governor became "Reichskommissar für das Saarland", "Reich Commissioner of Saarland" on 17 June 1936.


title: Kent State University

text: Kent State University is a public university in Kent, Ohio. The university has about 41,365 students. It was founded in 1910. The current president of the university is Beverly Warren.


title: Kent State University

text: The athletics teams of the university are called the Golden Flashes. They have 17 varsity teams and they compete in the Mid-American Conference.


title: Battery recycling

text: Many batteries are thrown away in regular waste after they have been used. Battery recycling is a name of the process of separately collecting such batteries so that they can be disposed of properly. Batteries contain metals such as lead, copper or zinc. In the form that is used in the batteries, these metals are very harmful to the environment - most are toxic. Collecting the batteries allows the extraction of some of the metals, which can then be re-used, not thrown away. The parts that cannot be extracted or re-used are disposed of in a way that is less harmful to the environment. For this reason, many countries have rules that say that a given percentage of all batteries must be re-cycled.


title: Mohammed bin Hammam

text: Mohammed bin Hammam (Arabic: محمد بن همّام; born 8 May 1949) is a Qatari who used to be a football administrator and the AFC President (1 August 2002 to 14 June 2011).


title: Mohammed bin Hammam

text: During the 2022 FIFA World Cup bidding, Mohammed bin Hammam was rumored to have bribed officials, so that Qatar can host.


title: Thomas Sowell

text: Thomas Sowell (; born June 30, 1930) is an American economist and social theorist. He is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.


title: Thomas Sowell

text: Sowell worked at Cornell University and University of California, Los Angeles. He has also worked for think tanks such as the Urban Institute.


title: Thomas Sowell

text: Since 1980, he has worked at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He writes from a libertarian conservative perspective. He is a National Humanities Medal recipient for innovative scholarship which incorporated history, economics and political science.


title: Windows Phone 8

text: Windows Phone 8 was the second release of the Windows Phone. It was publicly released on October 29, 2012. It was similar to Windows 8. It is unsupported as of January 12, 2016. The phone could be updated to Windows Phone 8.1 for security patches. The first update was leaked on November 2, 2012. Microsoft released the final version, Update 3, on April 14, 2014, just six days after Windows XP's end of support.


title: Windows Phone 8

text: On June 20, 2010, Microsoft revealed the new Windows Phone 8 (codenamed Apollo). It was the first for Windows Phone from Microsoft, and it was released in 2012, Windows Phone 8 was changed by Windows CE, after the first release for Windows Phone 7. Windows Phone 8 was based on Windows Phone 7, the successor is Windows Phone 8.1, released in 2014. There were two supported platforms in Windows Phone 8.


title: Windows Phone 8

text: Update 1 for Windows Phone 8 was released on October 29, 2012. There had been Windows Store updates, the start screen had a green theme, white wallpaper, music and video. The update was leaked on the internet on November 2, 2012.


title: Windows Phone 8

text: Update 2 for Windows Phone 8 was released on November 12, 2012. In the start menu, you could launch the Action Center. It was released on November 3, 2012.


title: Windows Phone 8

text: Update 3 for Windows Phone 8 was released on April 14, 2014. The start screen had updated in the new OneNote.


title: Windows Phone 8

text: On January 12, 2016. Microsoft reached the final update for Windows Phone 8. Microsoft had no more security update(s) for the Windows Phone 8. Microsoft announced a successor to Windows Phone 8 which was the Windows Phone 8.1. After the end of support for Windows Phone 8, users must to be upgrade to Windows Phone 8.1, which was supported until July 11, 2017.


title: Windows Phone 8

text: Cortana did not exist in Windows Phone 8 and could only be used in Windows Phone 8.1. SkyDrive (now known as OneDrive) was removed, and was added to the Internet Explorer app. The Windows Phone 8 had no update settings, and file history didn't exist.


title: Francis Rossi

text: Sir Francis Dominic Nicholas Michael Rossi (born 29 May 1949) is an English singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as the co-founder, lead singer and lead guitarist of the rock band Status Quo. His genres mix from early psychedelic rock, hard rock, pop rock, blues rock/rock n roll even country rock and heavy metal.


title: Leave a Mark

text: Leave a Mark is the fifth studio album by American country music artist John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on May 5, 1998.


title: Christine Lagarde

text: Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde (née Lallouette) (born 1 January 1956) is a French lawyer and politician. She was the Managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 5 July 2011 until 12 September 2019. She previously served as French Minister of Finance from 19 June 2007 to 29 June 2011 when she was elected IMF managing director. Before that she served as French Minister for Commerce and Industry from 2 July 2005 to 15 May 2007 in the government of Dominique de Villepin.


title: Cumulus cloud

text: Cumulus clouds are white clouds that are dense and large. They are known to look like cauliflower. Mostly, you can see easily that cumulus clouds have flat bottoms but the tops are always changing shape.


title: Cumulus cloud

text: Seeing a cumulus cloud means that the air is well mixed by up and down vertical drafts. When a cumulus cloud grows into a thunderstorm, the cloud is called a cumulonimbus cloud. This is a sign that the air is rising to the stratosphere.


title: Manuel II of Portugal

text: "Dom" Manuel II (15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932), was the last King of Portugal. He became the King after the assassination of his father Carlos I and his elder brother Luís Filipe. His reign ended during the 5 October 1910 revolution. Manuel lived the rest of his life in exile in Twickenham, Middlesex, England.


title: American Old West

text: The American Old West, or the Wild West means the history, geography, people, and culture of life in the Western United States. This often referring to the period of the later half of the 19th century, between the American Civil War and the end of the century.


title: American Old West

text: This time is often shown in films like "The Searchers", "High Noon" and "Shane", in TV series like "Bonanza" and in fiction like "Little House on the Prairie". Like other popular historical themes such as pirates and ninjas, the relationship between fact and fiction is complex.


title: Eastern Ghats

text: Eastern Ghats is a separate category of mountains along the eastern coast of India. Eastern Ghats pass through parts of Karnataka and Wayanad district of Kerala, going south from Odisha to Tamil Nadu via Andhra Pradesh. They are being destroyed by four major rivers of peninsular India. Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri.


title: Eastern Ghats

text: Mountain ranges run parallel to the Bay of Bengal. The Deccan Plateau is located in the west of the border between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats. Coromandel is situated between coastal plains, eastern ghats and the Bay of Bengal along the coast area. Eastern Ghats is not as high as the Western Ghats.


title: Evil eye

text: The evil eye is a look that is believed by many cultures to be able to cause harm, injury, misfortune or bad luck for the person it is directed at. This could be for reasons of envy, jealousy or dislike. In some forms, it is the belief that a person can bestow a curse on someone when giving an "evil look" out of envy or jealousy.


title: Nescafé

text: Nescafé is a brand of instant coffee made by Nestlé. Instant coffee is a powder which is mixed with hot water to make coffee. There are several different products that have the name Nescafé. The name is a mix of the words ""Nestlé"" and ""café"". Nestlé's instant coffee product was introduced in Switzerland on April 1, 1938 after being developed for seven years by Max Morgenthaler and Vernon Chapman.


title: Food waste

text: Food waste is food that is thrown away, either because it is not needed, or because it must be thrown away by law.


title: Food waste

text: Large amounts of food waste can occur at any stage in the process of producing food. In subsistence agriculture, the amounts of food waste are unknown. Very likely, very little food is wasted, because food is produced because of a need for food. In the developed world, the food industry produces food for a global marketplace demand.


title: Food waste

text: Research has been done to see where food waste occurred. The researchers looked at the food industry of the United States and found that food was wasted at the beginning of the food production. From planting, crops can be subjected to pest infestations and bad weather, which cause losses before harvest. Natural forces such as temperature and rainfall are the main influences on the growth of crops. For this reason, all forms of outdoor agriculture is subject to losses beecause of these influences. The use of machinery in harvesting can cause waste, because harvesters may not see the difference between ripe and immature crops, or collect only part of a crop. Food is also wasted because it does not meet certain standards or regulations for quality and appearance As a result, certain crops that do not meet these standards are not harvested; left in the field, they can provide fertilizer, or food for animals.


title: Food waste

text: It is unknown how much food waste occurs during food processing. When food is stored, considerable amounts are wasted because of pests and microorganisms. This problem occurs in countries where it is both relatively hot, and humid. These conditions boost the growth of pests and microorganisms. Extreme temperature, humidity, or microoganisms also influence the nutritional value, caloric value and edibility of crops and account for food waste. The "qualitative losses" are more difficult to assess than quantitative ones. More losses occur because the food is not handled correctly, or because it loses weight or volume.


title: Food waste

text: It is difficult to reduce some of the food waste produced by processing without affecting the quality of the product. Certain regulations concerning the safety of foods cause food to be wasted, before it even reaches the market.


title: Food waste

text: Safety regulations are in place to protect the health of the consumer. They are very important, especially where foodstuffs of animal origin are processed. Contaminated products from these sources can lead to and are associated with microbiological and chemical hazards.


title: Food waste

text: Preventing health issues is more important than preventing food waste, or the reuse of foods that do not meet the standards.,


title: Boston Terrier

text: Boston Terriers are a dog breed. They are considered to be one of the few American breeds as they can trace their origins to Boston, Massachusetts. It's hard to believe that these comical, family friendly dogs were originally bred to be ferocious pit-fighting dogs tracing their ancestors to an English Bulldog and the now extinct English White Terrier.


title: Boston Terrier

text: They are usually very small, but can also be bred as medium sized dogs. They are considered to be cute dogs and are getting ever more popular. They are in many commercials and many celebrities have them.


title: Boston Terrier

text: Boston Terriers are a smart breed of dogs. They can be extremely hyperactive, but overall are well behaved with training. Their excitement and enthusiasm is a perk of their personality. They are compactly built with short, round heads, short tails, but strong limbs. They have a smooth coat, with colors of brindle, seal brown or black and evenly marked with white.


title: Boston Terrier

text: Boston Terriers are inside dogs that love affection. This breed is balanced with being independent (sometimes stubborn) and affectionate and wanting attention from humans. They require very little work when a part of a family and they are good dogs for children.


title: Boston Terrier

text: Caring for a Boston Terrier requires little work. With a short coat, Bostons might need a bath every one to two weeks. Brushing is not necessary although it helps remove loose hair and reduces shedding. Bostons love rawhides (a chewy animal skin) and other chew toys that help with keeping their teeth healthy. Brushing your dog's teeth is recommended by vets for any breed. Boston Terriers do have sensitive stomachs and will eat grass when their stomach is upset but for the most part, this breed does not have restrictions on what they can eat.


title: Magma (mathematics)

text: In mathematics, a magma is kind of algebraic structure. It is a set with a binary operation on that set.


title: Magma (mathematics)

text: A binary operation works by taking two elements from a set (that do not have to be different) and returning some other element of that set.


title: Magma (mathematics)

text: If we give the set a label (such as "X") and the binary operation a label (such as •). Then we give the magma the label ("X", •).


title: Magma (mathematics)

text: The natural numbers with addition form a magma. Because the set of natural numbers is written as formula_1 and addition is written as formula_2 the magma is written as formula_3. The name of the magma would be "The natural numbers under addition".


title: Magma (mathematics)

text: The integers with multiplication form a magma. Because the set of integers is written as formula_4 and multiplication (in abstract mathematics) is written as formula_5 the magma is written as formula_6. The name of the magma would be "The integers under multiplication".


title: Magma (mathematics)

text: The real numbers under division do not form a magma. This is because numbers cannot be divided by 0. A binary operation requires that "any" two elements can be taken from the set (in this case in order) to produce another element from the set. The real numbers without 0 is written as formula_7. It can be shown that the formula_8 is a magma.


title: Nickelodeon Movies

text: Nickelodeon Movies is the motion picture production arm of children's cable channel Nickelodeon, originally launched on February 26, 1983.


title: Nickelodeon Movies

text: In 1993, they wanted to release movies after "Rugrats" (planned for a fall 1994 release), "Doug" (planned for a spring 1995 release) and "Ren and Stimpy" (planned for a summer 1995 release), but all of those got cancelled and scrapped, didn't make movies until 1996, with the first film was "Harriet the Spy" on July 10, 1996, it’s latest release was "" on March 4, 2021; with their next release being "" on August 20, 2021.


title: Gross income

text: Gross income in United States income tax law is money or anything of value gained from all sources. Gross income is the amount of income before any tax deductions or allowances. In the Law of the United States, 26 U.S. Code § 61, "Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, gross income means all income from whatever source derived...".


title: Gross income

text: Some types of income are specifically excluded from gross income. These are listed at 26 U.S. Code Part III and include:


title: Mbandzeni

text: Mbandzeni (also known as Dlamini IV, Umbandine, Umbandeen; 1855–1889) was the King of Swaziland from 1875 until 1889. He was the son of Mswati II and Nandzi Nkambule. His mother, the wife of King Mswati, died when he was very young.


title: Culver Max Entertainment

text: Culver Max Entertainment is an Indian Television Company Subsidiaries Entertainment Private Limited in India.


title: Mbandzeni

text: Mbandzeni became king because his half brother Ludvonga II died before he could become the king. Ludvonga's death resulted in his mother Inkhosikati Lamgangeni adopting Mbandzeni, who was motherless, as her son. That made him king and her the queen mother of Swaziland.


title: Culver Max Entertainment

text: SPN manages and operates 24 television channels, 1 OTT platform, 1 film production arm and 1 independent production venture for original content and IPs for TV and digital media.


title: Mbandzeni

text: His royal capital was at Mbekelweni. During his kingship, Mbandzeni granted many mining, farming, trading and administrative concessions to white settlers from Britain and the Transvaal. These concessions granted with the help of Offy Sherpstone eventually led to the conventions of 1884 and 1894. Those reduced the overall borders of Swaziland and later made Swaziland a protectorate of the South African Republic. During a period of concessions preceded by famine around 1877 some of the tindvunas (governors) from within Swaziland like Mshiza Maseko and Ntengu kaGama Mbokane were given permission by King Mbandzeni to relocate to farms towards the Komati River. Mshiza Maseko later settled in a place called eLuvalweni, where he was later buried.


title: Culver Max Entertainment

text: It was founded in September 30 1995 as Multi Screen Media Limited. In November 2015, the company was renamed as Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN).


title: Mbandzeni

text: Mbandzeni, still in command of a large Swazi army of more than 15000 men aided the British in defeating Sekhukhune in 1879 and preventing Zulu incursion into the Transvaal during the same year. As a result, he guaranteed his country's independence and international recognition despite the Scramble for Africa which was taking place at the time.


title: Mbandzeni

text: Mbandzeni died after an illness in 1889 and is quoted to have said in his deathbed "the Swazi kingship dies with me". He was buried at the royal cemetery at Mbilaneni alongside his father and grandfather Sobhuza I. Mbandzeni was succeeded by his young son Mahlokohla and his wife Queen Labotsibeni Mdluli after a 5-year regency of Queen Tibati Nkambule.


title: Mbandzeni

text: Today a number of buildings and roads in Swaziland are named after Mbandzeni. Among these are the Mbandzeni house in Mbabane and the Mbandzeni Highway to Siteki.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Homo floresiensis ("Flores Man", also called "hobbit") is a probable species in the genus "Homo", to which humans belong.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: The remains were found in 2004 on the island of Flores in Indonesia. Parts of the skeletons of nine individuals were found, including one complete cranium (the head). The most important and obvious identifying features of "H. floresiensis" are its small body, and small size of the space for the brain inside the skull. This is why the discoverers have called members of the species "hobbits", after J.R.R. Tolkien's fictional race of roughly the same height.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: The remains were discovered on the Indonesian island of Flores by an Australian-Indonesian team of archaeologists in 2003. Archaeologist Mike Morwood and colleagues were looking for evidence of the original human migration of "H. sapiens" from Asia to Australia. They were not expecting to find a new species. They were surprised at the discovery of a nearly complete skeleton of a hominin.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Excavations done after that found seven more skeletons, originally thought to be from 38,000 to 13,000 years ago. An arm bone which they think belongs to "H. floresiensis" was dated at about 74,000 years old. The specimens are not fossilized and have "the consistency of wet blotting paper"; once exposed. The bones had to be left to dry before they could be dug up.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: However, more extensive stratigraphic and chronological work pushed the most recent evidence of their existence back to 50,000 years ago. Their skeletal material is now dated to from 100,000 to 60,000 years ago. Stone tools recovered alongside the skeletal remains were from archaeological horizons ranging from 190,000 to 50,000 years ago.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Researchers hope to find preserved mitochondrial DNA to compare with samples from similarly unfossilised specimens of "Homo neanderthalensis" and "H. sapiens".


title: Homo floresiensis

text: There are also a lot of stone tools found in the cave. The tools are of a size that could be used by the 1 meter tall human. They are dated from 95,000 to 13,000 years ago. They are found in the same archeological layer as an elephant of the extinct genus "Stegodon". The hobbit might have hunted this elephant. The elephant would have been very common throughout Asia during the Quaternary. Other animals that lived on the island at that time were giant rats, Komodo dragons, and even larger species of lizards. "Homo sapiens" reached the region by around 45,000 years ago.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Archaeologist Mike Morwood and colleagues who found the remains say they think the individuals belong to a new species, "H. floresiensis", in our human genus "Homo". The discoverers also say that "H. floresiensis" might have lived at the same time as modern humans ("Homo sapiens") on Flores.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Not everyone agrees that this is a new species. Indonesian anthropologist Teuku Jacob suggested that the skull of LB1 was a modern human with microcephaly. This is a disorder that causes the bones of the head to stop growing. Another study says that perhaps the individuals were born without a working thyroid gland, which would result in the small size of the hominins because of a disorder called myxedema.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Two studies of the bones published in 2007 both reported evidence to support species status for "H. floresiensis". A study of three bits of bones from the hand (carpals) showed that they were similar to the carpal bones of a chimpanzee or an early hominin such as "Australopithecus". They were also different from the bones of modern humans. A study of the bones and joints of the arm, shoulder, and legs also concluded that "H. floresiensis" was more similar to early humans and apes than modern humans. In 2009, the publication of a cladistic analysis, and a study comparing body sizes, gave further support for the theory that "H. floresiensis" and "Homo sapiens" are separate species.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Archaeologists believe that the species has survived on Flores at least until 12,000 years ago. This makes it the longest lasting non-modern human. It also lived longer than the Neanderthals ("H. neanderthalensis"), which became extinct about 24,000 years ago.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Because of a deep neighboring strait, Flores remained isolated during the last ice age. Because of this, the discoverers of "H. floresiensis" think that the species, or its ancestors, must have reached the isolated island by water transport around 100,000 years ago (or, if they are "H. erectus", then about 1 million years ago).


title: Homo floresiensis

text: Local geology suggests that a volcanic eruption on Flores approximately 12,000 years ago was responsible for the end of "H. floresiensis" and animals that lived on the island. The elephant "Stegodon" also became extinct at this time.


title: Homo floresiensis

text: There are local stories that a small race of people lived on the island. The "Ebu Gogo" were small, hairy, language-poor cave dwellers. It is said that they were there at the time of the arrival of the first Portuguese ships during the 16th century. These creatures are claimed to have existed as recently as the late 19th century. Gerd van den Bergh, a paleontologist working with the fossils, reported hearing of the Ebu Gogo ten years before the fossil discovery. On the nearby island of Sumatra, there are reports of a 1-1.5m tall humanoid, the Orang Pendek which might be related to "H. floresiensis".


title: Indian religions

text: Indian religions or Indic religions are religions those originated from the Indian subcontinent. Dharma is an idea common to many of these religions.


title: Indian religions

text: The following religions are not necessarily based on the concept of Dharma and have their own ideologies:


title: Galactic Republic

text: The Galactic Republic was the government of the Star Wars galaxy in the Star Wars series until the Galactic Empire replaced it. It was made up of many planets, but all the planets had the same currency and official language. All the planets had to follow certain laws and economic rules. An example of this is that slavery is outlawed in all Republic planets. The government is a federal republic. Its leader is the Supreme Chancellor, who is chosen by voting. Each planet also chooses their Senators and Representatives to vote on and pass laws. There is also a Supreme Court.


title: Galactic Republic

text: The Republic is protected by the Jedi Order. The Jedi are a group of knights who protect democracy and civilization so that peace can exist in the galaxy.


title: Galactic Republic

text: The last Supreme Chancellor was Sheev Palpatine. He would later become the emperor of the Galactic Empire. In , the first movie in the Star Wars timeline, the Republic had become very corrupt and complicated. The Galactic Senate thought Chancellor Valorum had been a poor leader, so they voted to fire him. Only a short time after he was fired, they voted for Palpatine to replace him.


title: Galactic Republic

text: Many member planets did not like what the Republic had become, so they left the Republic and created a new government, the Separatists. Count Dooku was the leader of the Separatists, but it was really created by Darth Sidious himself, and Dooku was his apprentice. Sidious did this because he was trying to start a war. His plan was to use the war to weaken the Republic and destroy the Jedi so that he could create the Empire. His apprentice Darth Tyranus also created an army of clones so that the Republic would have an army to fight the war. Palpatine should have stopped being Chancellor long ago, but he stayed being Chancellor because the Senate voted that he can have emergency powers. That meant that he could pass any law he wanted to because the Republic was fighting a war against the Separatists.


title: Galactic Republic

text: Near the end of the war, Palpatine told the young Jedi Anakin Skywalker that he was a Sith Lord, someone who uses the dark side of the Force. When Anakin told the Jedi Council that Palpatine was a Sith, Mace Windu and three other Jedi Masters went to Palpatine's office to arrest or kill him. They failed because Sidious tricked Anakin in helping kill Mace Windu. He used this attempt as an excuse to give Order 66 to the clone army. This order was given to clone troopers to kill any Jedi they see. Sidious also ordered Anakin, now Darth Vader, to bring clone troopers to destroy the Jedi Temple and kill all the Jedi there, even the children. Most Jedi were killed only a short time after the order was given.


title: Galactic Republic

text: He then tricked the Senate into thinking that the Jedi wanted to destroy the Republic, so he created the Empire to make everyone think they would be safer. After the Empire was created, the military became much bigger and most freedoms were taken away. In , the Emperor got rid of the Senate, which was the only thing from the Republic that still existed. He hoped that after this, memories of the Republic would disappear.


title: Galactic Republic

text: However, people who still believed in the Republic created the Rebel Alliance and fought a war against the Empire. After the deaths of both Darth Sidious and Darth Vader and the Battle of Jakku, the Empire surrendered to the Rebel Alliance. This ended the war and the New Republic was created, but the New Republic was destroyed only a few decades later. This was because the First Order, the military that was created from what was left of the Empire, created a superweapon called Starkiller Base. They used the weapon to blow up the capital of the New Republic, Hosnian Prime.


title: The Hot Chick

text: The Hot Chick is a 2002 American comedy movie. It was directed by Tom Brady and was produced by John Schneider and Carr D'Angelo. "The Hot Chick" was released on December 13, 2002. The movie is about teenage girl and a 30-year-old criminal who have their minds magically swapped.


title: The Hot Chick

text: The movie had negative reviews from critics and holds a 21% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critics Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the movie two thumbs down. Ebert also gave the movie half a star out of a four and said "The MPAA rates this PG-13. It is too vulgar for anyone under 13, and too dumb for anyone over 13."


title: Chittagonian peoples

text: The Chittagonian peoples are groups of tribes and native aborigines living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, consisting of the Tripuris, the Chakmas and various others inhabiting SE Bangladesh. In their overall complexion and facial features these peoples are more closely related to Burma and other South East Asian nations of Indo-China, gives the country a strong candidate to become a future member of ASEAN.


title: Chittagonian peoples

text: Chittagongian people speak the Chittagongian language, which is an Indo-Aryan language of Assamese-Bengali group. It is considered a dialect of Bengali by the Bangladeshi government though they are not mutually intelligible.


title: Chittagonian peoples

text: They live in the Chittagong division of south-eastern Bangladesh. They are predominantly Theraveda Buddhist, but there are sizeable Hindus and due to influx of people from Bangladesh’s other parts Muslims are now consisting the largest minority of the region.


title: Chittagonian peoples

text: The Indian tricolour was hoisted in Rangamati for 3 days, but was put down by the Pakistani government( Then Bangladesh was under Pakistan as East Pakistan)


title: Royal Academy

text: The Royal Academy (RA), is an art institution based in Burlington House, Piccadilly, London. It is a club for top painters and sculptors. They elect their own members, and give regular exhibitions of art works.


title: Royal Academy

text: The Royal Academy was formed to rival the Society of Artists after an leadership dispute between two leading architects, Sir William Chambers and James Paine. Paine won, but Chambers used his strong connections with King George III to create the Royal Academy, in 1768. It was formally launched the following year.


title: Royal Academy

text: Membership of the Royal Academy is up to 80 practising artists, each elected by ballot of the General Assembly of the Royal Academy. They are known as Royal Academicians (RA, or more traditionally as R.A.). The Royal Academy is governed by these Royal Academicians.


title: Rotifer

text: The rotifers are a phylum of tiny animals which are common in freshwater environments, such as ponds and puddles. Some rotifers are free swimming, others move by inching along, and some are fixed. A few species live in colonies.


title: Rotifer

text: Rotifers were first described when early microscopes became available, around 1700. They are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton. Also, many species help decompose organic matter in soil. Rotifers eat fish waste, dead bacteria, and algae. They eat particles up to 10 micrometres in size. A rotifer filters 100,000 times its own volume of water per hour. They are used in fish tanks to help clean the water, to prevent clouds of waste matter.


title: Rotifer

text: About 2200 species of rotifers have been described. They are placed in the phylum Rotifera. This phylum is subdivided into three classes, "Monogononta", "Bdelloidea", and "Seisonidea". The largest group is the Monogononta, with about 1500 species, followed by the Bdelloidea, with about 350 species. There are only two known species of Seisonidea.


title: Rotifer

text: Fossils of the species "Habrotrocha angusticollis" have been found in 6000 year old Pleistocene peat deposits. The oldest known fossil rotifers have been found in Eocene Dominican amber.


title: Rotifer

text: The front has a ring of cilia circling the mouth. This gave the rotifers their old name of "wheel animalules". There is a protective "lorica" round its body, and a foot. Inside the lorica are the usual organs in miniturised form: a brain, an eye-spot, jaws, stomach, kidneys, urinary bladder.


title: Rotifer

text: Rotifers have a number of unusual features. Biologists suppose that these peculiarities are adaptations to their small size and the transient (fast changing) nature of its habitats.


title: Rotifer

text: The Monogononta, which have males, produce fertilised 'resting eggs' which can resist desiccation (drought) for long periods.


title: Rotifer

text: The Bdelloids, who have no males, contract into an inert form and lose almost all body water, a process known as "cryptobiosis". Bdelloids can also survive the dry state for long periods: the longest well-documented dormancy is nine years. After they have dried, they may be revived by adding water. In this, and several other ways, they are a unique group of animals.


title: Rotifer

text: Rotifers are hatched with a standard number of cell nuclei, exactly the same number for every rotifer in a species. This is called "eutely". No cell division whatsoever takes place during adult life. Not only that, but the number of nuclei in each tissue is constant. Furthermore, most of the nuclei do not have cell walls: rotifer tissue is largely or wholly a syncytium.


title: Rotifer

text: The absence of cell division is probably one reason they are extraordinarily resistant to ionising radiation. Also, repairing DNA is one of the things they are known to do after desiccation.


title: Rotifer

text: In one of the classes, the freshwater Bdelloid rotifers, "no males have ever been seen". It is the largest group of wholly parthenogenetic species in the Animalia.


title: Rotifer

text: The females in this group produce eggs by parthenogenesis (virgin birth). In some species these eggs develop into small juveniles before they are released from their parent. The offspring are "clones" of their mother.


title: Rotifer

text: Cytological and molecular genetic studies show that bdelloids evolved from a common ancestor which lost sexual recombination (meiosis and fertilisation) about 100 million years ago. Research has also been done on the implications of parthenogenesis for speciation.


title: Rotifer

text: Bdelloid rotifer genomes contain two or more non-identical copies of each gene. This suggests their asexual reproduction is of long standing. For example, there are four copies of gene "hsp82". Each is different and on a different chromosome. This cannot be explaned by normal gene duplication, which produces two or more near-identical genes next to each other. By contrast, in a monogont rotifer, most genes were single-copy.


title: Rotifer

text: There are genes in bdelloid rotifers that seem to have come from bacteria, fungi, and plants. This suggests they arrived by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The capture and use of exogenous (~foreign) genes seems to be important in bdelloid evolution. The team led by Matthew S. Meselson at Harvard University showed that, despite the lack of sexual reproduction, bdelloid rotifers do engage in genetic (DNA) transfer within a species or clade. The method used is not known at present. Bdelloid rotifers currently hold the 'record' for HGT in animals with ~8% of their genes from bacterial origins.


title: Rotifer

text: The Acanthocephala, a group of parasitic worms previously considered to be a separate phylum, have been shown to be modified rotifers. The exact relationship to the normal, freeliving, members of the phylum is not resolved.


title: Technoblade

text: Alexander (June 1, 1999 – June 2022), better known as Technoblade, was an American YouTuber known for "Minecraft" videos and livestreams on YouTube. He was also known for his involvement in a roleplay group called the Dream SMP. His YouTube channel had more than 14 million subscribers in July 2022. He died sometime in June 2022 of cancer.


title: Kristina Mladenovic

text: Kristina Mladenovic (; born 14 May 1993) is a French professional tennis player. She is most notable for her performances in doubles winning the 2016 French Open women's doubles title with Caroline Garcia, and the 2018 Australian Open, the 2019 French Open and the 2020 Australian Open women's doubles titles with Tímea Babos. She also won the 2013 Wimbledon and 2014 Australian Open mixed doubles titles alongside Daniel Nestor.


title: Kristina Mladenovic

text: Mladenovic was born in Saint-Pol-sur-Mer. She is the child of Serbian parents. She dated Austrian tennis player Dominic Thiem from 2017 to 2019.


title: Meitei currency

text: The Meitei currency for most of the history of Manipur consisted of gold, silver, bronze and copper coinage.


title: Meitei currency

text: From the earliest history of the coinage in the Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak), during the 1st century CE, well into the modern times, Meitei currency saw many changes in form,


title: Meitei currency

text: denomination and composition. A persistent feature was the inflationary debasement and the replacement of coins over the centuries. Notable examples include the reforms of King Pamheiba (). This trend continued into modern times.


title: Meitei currency

text: There are many archeological sites excavated in Manipur from where many ancient coins were found, among which Nachou is one of the most significant places.


title: Meitei currency

text: There were two kinds of coins issued in Ancient Manipur right from the time of the onset of marketing, which are "semkhai" and "sen". These are generally crafted out of bronze. Two "semkhai"s equals to one "sen".


title: Meitei currency

text: The earliest known coinage was issued by during the reign of Emperor Ura Konthouba in the 7th century CE in Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). Some historians strongly opined that the oldest known coins were circulated from the 1st century CE during the reign of Emperor Nongda Lairen Pakhangba in Ancient Manipur. It is evident that bronze coins dating back to 568 AD to 658 AD were found inscribed with letters of archaic Meitei script.


title: Meitei currency

text: It is evident from the coins discovered that there was a good deal of literary activity taken place during the reign of King Kyamba. The Cheitharol Kumbaba recorded that King Khagemba issued coins along with which there was all round progress in the kingdom. In the Sana Keithel (Royal Market), there was a custom in which the king threw bell metal coins amidst the public as familiar gestures of goodwill and responsibility for public welfare. In the beginning, kings had to abandon the plan to issue copper coins when the women traders refused to accept them.


title: Meitei currency

text: The coins issued before the reign of King Pamheiba () depicted legends in the archaic Meetei script. For the first time in the history of Manipur's numismatics, Garibaniwaja introduced the Nagari script in depicting the legends. The tradition of depicting Bengali script and Nagari script in the coins was followed by the succeeding rulers of later times.


title: Meitei currency

text: Many of the coins, issued in between seventeenth and nineteenth century AD, bear Sanskrit legends in Devanagari script. On special occasions, coins were distributed among the crowds with a grand possession of the royalty.


title: Meitei currency

text: On special occasions, coins were distributed among the crowds with a grand possession of the royalty.


title: Meitei currency

text: In the Northeast India, only Manipur struck low denomination coins that were useful for market trading. When Manipur came under the Indian Union, the Indian currency came into use.


title: Meitei currency

text: The Senjam and the Aheibam families were engaged for making coins under the supervision of the institution of the maibas. The populace often learned about of a new ruler when coins appeared with the new ruler's name. For example, Ura Konthouba (Wura Konthouba) issued coins bearing the Meetei letter "ꯋ" ("wa") denoting his name.


title: Meitei currency

text: The senior most/chief male family members (pibas) used coins in the names of God Sanamahi and Goddess Leimarel and regularly perform rites and rituals in the Sanamahi Kachin (Lainingthou Kachin).


title: Meitei currency

text: During the Laiching Jagoi, an ancient dance performance in the Lai Haraoba festival, the senior most maiba has to throw a "konyai" (gold or silver coin) and rice into the water to invoke a deity. The art of fortune telling consists of throwing the coins on the floor and reading its results by the maibas and the maibis.


title: Rye

text: Rye is a type of grass, usually grown as a grain or forage crop (meaning that it is fed to animals). It is a member of the wheat family of plants and is similar to wheat and barley. It is used to make flour, food for animals, and many types of alcoholic drinks.


title: Rye

text: Rye has not always been a plant humans can use. It was originally a wild plant. There are several wild plants in Turkey that are similar to rye.


title: Rye

text: Since the Middle Ages, rye has been used widely in Central and Eastern Europe. In these parts of the world, it is still one of the main ingredients in making bread. However, the number of people and businesses using rye is becoming lower. Rye is usually sold to buyers near to where it is grown.


title: Rye

text: Rye can be planted to feed animals or can be harvested for hay (dry grass). Rye is a strong plant that can survive in soil with a high or low pH. This means it can survive even if the soil is very acidic or alkaline. Other plants may struggle to survive in these pH levels.


title: Rye

text: Rye has been used to make many foods for humans. It includes rye breads, like pumpernickel, a popular bread in north and east Europe. It has also been used to make some alcoholic drinks, such as rye whiskey.


title: Zaza language

text: Zaza language, also called Zazaki, Kirmanjki and Dimli, is an Indo-European language spoken in eastern Anatolia. It belongs to the northwest-Iranian group of Iranic languages. The Zaza language is related to Sangsarī, Māzandarānī, Tātī (Herzendī), Semnānī, Tāleshī, Kurdish, Persian and Balōchi. The number of Zaza speakers is not known exactly. Many people consider the Zaza language to be a dialect of Kurdish however it has been shown that Zaza has more similarities with other Iranic languages such as Mazandarani than it does with Kurdish.


title: Loire River

text: The Loire River is the longest river in France. It is 1,013 km long. It originates in the Massif Central. Its mouth is near Nantes by the Atlantic Ocean. The Loire gives its name to 6 French departments. For years, the Loire was very important for France's commerce. When the railway developed in the 19th century, it put an end to its importance.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The 1896 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, were held at Athens in Greece.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The games took place from April 6 to 15, 1896. It was the first international Olympic Games held in the Modern era. As Ancient Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games, Athens was an appropriate choice to stage the inaugural modern Games. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was also instituted during this congress.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success even though there were many obstacles and setbacks. The Games had the largest international participation of any sporting event to that date. The Panathinaiko Stadium, the only Olympic stadium used in the 19th Century, overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event. The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by Spyridon Louis. The most successful competitor was German wrestler and gymnast Carl Schuhmann, who won four events.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: After the Games, Rhys Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures including Greece's King George and some of the American competitors in Athens, to hold all the following Games in Athens. However, the 1900 Summer Olympics were already planned for Paris and, except for the Intercalated Games of 1906, the Olympics did not return to Greece until the 2004 Summer Olympics, some 108 years later.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The stories about the events and people of these Games were in the 1984 NBC miniseries, "The First Olympics: Athens, 1896" – starring David Ogden Stiers as William Milligan Sloane and Louis Jourdan as Pierre de Coubertin.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: In the 18th century, several small-scale sports festivals in Europe were named after the Ancient Olympic Games. The 1870 Olympics at the Panathenaic stadium had 30,000 people. Coubertin took Dr William Penny Brooke's idea to have a multi-national and multi-sport event—the ancient games were in a sense international, because various Greek city-states and colonies were represented, but only free male athletes of Greek origin were allowed to participate. In 1890, Coubertin wrote an article in "La Revue Athletique", which talked about the importance of Much Wenlock—a rural market town in the English county of Shropshire. It was here that, in October 1850, the local physician William Penny Brookes started the Wenlock Olympian Games, a festival of sports and recreations that included athletics and team sports, such as cricket, football and quoits. Coubertin also took inspiration from the earlier Greek games organized under the name of Olympics by businessman and philanthropist Evangelos Zappas in 1859, 1870 and 1875. The 1896 Athens Games was funded by the legacies of Evangelos Zappas and his cousin Konstantinos Zappas and by George Averoff who had been specifically requested by the Greek government, through crown prince Constantine, to sponsor the second refurbishment of the Panathinaiko Stadium. The Greek government did fix the stadium even though the cost of refurbishing the stadium in marble had already been funded in full by Evangelos Zappas forty years earlier.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: On June 18, 1894, Coubertin put together a group at the Sorbonne, in Paris, to present his plans to representatives of sports societies from 11 countries. After his proposal's acceptance by the congress, a date for the first modern Olympic Games needed to be chosen. Coubertin suggested that the Games be held at the same time as the 1900 Universal Exposition of Paris. Concerned that a six-year wait might lessen public interest, congress members instead chose 1896. With a date established, members of the congress turned to the choice of a host city. Since Greece was the original home of the Olympics, all the congress approved the decision of Athens. Vikelas was then elected the first president of the newly established International Olympic Committee (IOC).


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: On April 6 (March 25 according to the Julian calendar then in use in Greece), the games of the First Olympiad were officially opened; it was Easter Monday for both the Western and Eastern Christian Churches and the anniversary of Greece's independence. The Panathinaiko Stadium was filled with an estimated 80,000 spectators, including King George I of Greece, his wife Olga, and their sons. Most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organizing committee, Crown Prince Constantine, his father officially opened the Games:


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: "I declare the opening of the first international Olympic Games in Athens. Long live the Nation. Long live the Greek people."


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn, composed by Spyridon Samaras, with words by poet Kostis Palamas. Thereafter, a variety of musical offerings provided the backgrounds to the Opening Ceremonies until 1960, since which time the Samaras/Palamas composition has become the official Olympic Anthem (decision taken by the IOC Session in 1958). Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were started later: the Olympic flame was first lit in 1928, the first athletes' oath was sworn at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and the first officials' oath was taken at the 1972 Olympic Games.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: At the 1894 Sorbonne congress, a large roster of sports were suggested for the program in Athens. The first official announcements regarding the sporting events to be held featured sports such as football and cricket, but these plans were never finalized, and these sports did not make the final list for the Games. Rowing and yachting were scheduled, but had to be canceled due to poor weather on the planned day of competition.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The athletics events had the most international field of any of the sports. The major highlight was the marathon, held for the first time in international competition. Spyridon Louis was the only Greek athletics champion and a national hero. Although Greece had been favored to win the discus or the shotput, the best Greek athletes finished just behind the American Robert Garrett in both events.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: No world records were set, as few top international competitors had elected to compete. In addition, the curves of the track were very tight, making fast times in the running events hard. Despite this, Thomas Burke, of the United States, won the 100 meter race in 12.0 seconds and the 400 meter race in 54.2 seconds. was the only one who used the "crouch start" (putting his knee on soil), confusing the jury. Eventually, he was allowed to start from his "uncomfortable position".


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The rules of the International Cycling Association were used for the cycling competitions. The track cycling events were held at the newly built Neo Phaliron Velodrome. Only one road event was held, a race from Athens to Marathon and back (87 kilometers).


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: In the track events, the best cyclist was Frenchman Paul Masson, who won the one lap time trial, the sprint event, and the 10,000 meters. In the 100 kilometers event, Masson entered as a pacemaker for his compatriot Léon Flameng. Flameng won the event, after a fall, and after stopping to wait for his Greek opponent Georgios Kolettis to fix a mechanical problem. The Austrian fencer Adolf Schmal won the 12-hour race, which was completed by only two cyclists, while the road race event was won by Aristidis Konstantinidis.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The fencing events were held in the Zappeion, which, built with money Evangelos Zappas had given to revive the ancient Olympic Games, was not used before. Unlike other sports (in which only amateurs were allowed to take part at the Olympics), professionals were allowed to compete in fencing, though in a separate event. These professionals were considered gentlemen athletes, just as the amateurs.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Four events were scheduled, but the épée event was cancelled for unknown reasons. The foil event was won by a Frenchman, Eugène-Henri Gravelotte, who beat his countryman, Henri Callot, in the final. The other two events, the sabre and the masters foil, were won by Greek fencers. Leonidas Pyrgos, who won the latter event, became the first Greek Olympic champion in the modern era.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Gymnastics was at the infield of the Panathinaiko Stadium. Germany sent an 11-man team, which won five of the eight events, including both team events. In the team event on the horizontal bar, the German team was unopposed. Three Germans added individual titles: Hermann Weingärtner won the horizontal bar, Alfred Flatow won the parallel bars; and Carl Schuhmann, who also competed successfully in wrestling, won the vault. Louis Zutter, a Swiss gymnast, won the pommel horse, while Greeks Ioannis Mitropoulos and Nikolaos Andriakopoulos were victorious in the rings and rope climbing events, respectively.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Held at a range at Kallithea, the shooting competition was five events—two using a rifle and three with the pistol. The first event, the military rifle, was won by Pantelis Karasevdas, the only competitor to hit the target with all of his shots. The second event, for military pistols, was dominated by two American brothers: John and Sumner Paine became the first siblings to finish first and second in the same event. In order to avoid embarrassing their hosts, the brothers decided that only one of them would compete in the next pistol event, the free pistol. Sumner Paine won that event.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The Paine brothers did not compete in the 25 meter pistol event, as the event judges determined that their weapons were not of the required caliber. In their absence, Ioannis Phrangoudis won. The final event, the free rifle, began on the same day. However, the event was not completed due to darkness and was finalized the next morning, when Georgios Orphanidis was crowned the champion.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The swimming competition was held in the open sea. Nearly 20,000 spectators lined the Bay of Zea off the Piraeus coast to watch the events. The water in the bay was cold, and the competitors suffered during their races. There were three open events (men's 100 metre freestyle, men's 500 metre freestyle, and men's 1200 metre freestyle), in addition to a special event open only to Greek sailors, all of which were held on the same day (April 11).


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: For Alfréd Hajós of Hungary, being on the same day meant he could only compete in two of the events. He won the two events in which he swam, the 100 and 1200 meter freestyle. Hajós later became one of only two Olympians to win a medal in both the athletic and artistic competitions, when he won a silver medal for architecture in 1924. The 500 meter freestyle was won by Austrian swimmer Paul Neumann, who defeated his opponents by more than a minute and a half.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Although tennis was already a major sport by the end of the 19th century, none of the top players turned up for the tournament in Athens. The competition was at the courts of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club, and the infield of the velodrome used for the cycling events. John Pius Boland, who won the event, was entered in the competition by a fellow-student of his at Oxford. In the first round, Boland defeated Friedrich Traun, a promising tennis player from Hamburg, who had been eliminated in the 100 meter sprint competition. Boland and Traun decided to team up for the doubles event, in which they reached the final and defeated their Greek and Egyptian opponents after losing the first set.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: The sport of weightlifting was still young in 1896, and the rules differed from those in use today. Competitions were held outdoors, in the infield of the main stadium, and there were no weight limits. The first event was held in a style now known as the "clean and jerk". Two competitors stood out: Scotsman Launceston Elliot and Viggo Jensen of Denmark. Both of them lifted the same weight; but the jury, with Prince George as the chairman, ruled that Jensen had done so in a better style. The British delegation, unfamiliar with this tie-breaking rule, lodged a protest. The lifters were eventually allowed to make further attempts, but neither lifter improved, and Jensen was declared the champion.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Elliot won in the one hand lift event, which was held immediately after the two-handed one. Jensen had been slightly injured during his last two-handed attempt, and was no match for Elliot, who won the competition easily. The Greek audience was charmed by the Scottish victor, whom they considered very attractive. A curious incident occurred during the weightlifting event: a servant was ordered to remove the weights, which appeared to be a difficult task for him. Prince George came to his assistance; he picked up the weight and threw it a considerable distance with ease, to the delight of the crowd.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: No weight classes existed for the wrestling competition, held in the Panathinaiko Stadium, which meant that there would only be one winner among competitors of all sizes. The rules used were similar to modern Greco-Roman wrestling, although there was no time limit, and not all leg holds were forbidden (in contrast to current rules).


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Apart from the two Greek contestants, all the competitors had previously been active in other sports. Weightlifting champion Launceston Elliot faced gymnastics champion Carl Schuhmann. The latter won and advanced into the final, where he met Georgios Tsitas, who had previously defeated Stephanos Christopoulos. Darkness forced the final match to be suspended after 40 minutes; it was continued the following day, when Schuhmann needed only a quarter of an hour to finish the bout.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: On the morning of Sunday April 12, King George organized a banquet for officials and athletes (even though some competitions had not yet been held). During his speech, he made clear that, as far as he was concerned, the Olympics should be held in Athens permanently. The official closing ceremony was held the following Wednesday, after being postponed from Tuesday due to rain. Again the royal family attended the ceremony, which was opened by the national anthem of Greece and an ode composed in ancient Greek by George S. Robertson, a British athlete and scholar.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Afterwards, the king awarded prizes to the winners. Unlike today, the first-place winners received silver medals, an olive branch and a diploma. Athletes who placed second received copper medals, a branch of laurel and a diploma. Third place winners did not receive a medal. Some winners also received additional prizes, such as Spyridon Louis, who received a cup from Michel Bréal, a friend of Coubertin, who had conceived the marathon event. Louis then led the medalists on a lap of honor around the stadium, while the Olympic Hymn was played again. The King then formally announced that the first Olympiad was at an end, and left the Stadium, while the band played the Greek national hymn and the crowd cheered.


title: 1896 Summer Olympics

text: Like the Greek king, many others supported the idea of holding the next Games in Athens; most of the American competitors signed a letter to the Crown Prince expressing this wish. Coubertin, however, was heavily opposed to this idea, as he envisioned international rotation as one of the cornerstones of the modern Olympics. According to his wish, the next Games were held in Paris, although they would be somewhat over-shadowed by the concurrently held Universal Exposition.


title: Walloon language

text: Walloon is a Romance language. It belongs to the family of the "oïl languages" along with French, Picard and Norman.


title: Amaranth

text: Amaranth ("Amaranthus" species) is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs. About 60 species are recognized, with flower clusters and foliage ranging from purple and red to gold.


title: Kuopio

text: Kuopio is a city in Northern Savonia, Finland. It is the biggest city and cultural center of Eastern Finland. In November 2015 the population was about 112.000. It is the 8th biggest city in Finland.


title: Amaranth

text: Although several species are often considered weeds, people around the world value amaranths as leaf vegetables, cereals, and ornamentals.


title: Kuopio

text: The city is surrounded by lake Kallavesi. Many parts of the city are built on islands. Kuopio has always been a city of education. Two important schools are the University of Eastern Finland and the Savonia University of Applied Sciences.


title: Kuopio

text: In 2011 the town of Karttula merged with Kuopio. In 2013 Nilsiä merged as well. In 2015, Maaninka merged with the city. In 2017 Juankoski merged with the city.


title: Arjen Robben

text: Arjen Robben (born 23 January 1984) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Bayern Munich and Netherlands national team.


title: Enver Hoxha

text: Enver Halil Hoxha (; 16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian politician who was the prime minister of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985. His title was First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He was a Communist dictator.


title: Enver Hoxha

text: Under his regime, thousands of opponents ("dissidents") were executed, and tens of thousands more were imprisoned in forced labour camps.


title: Enver Hoxha

text: Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër, a city in southern Albania (then under the Ottoman Empire) that has been home to many prominent families. He was the son of Halil Hoxha, a Bektashi Tosk cloth merchant who traveled widely across Europe and the United States and Gjylihan (Gjylo) Hoxha. He was raised a member of a wealthy Muslim family of landowners and merchants. He went to the best schools in Albania in the 1920s. He was given one of the few scholarships to a foreign college. In 1931 he attended the University of Montpellier in France. He lost his scholarship in 1934 for poor performance and moved to Paris.


title: Carambola

text: Carambola ("Averrhoa carambola"), also known as star fruit, is tropical fruits. The fruit grows on trees that are native to India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. Star fruit is common in the south of Asia, Australia and all of the islands around Australia. The tree is also grown in tropic islands.


title: Deuterium

text: Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen, the first element. Deuterium has one proton and one neutron. Hydrogen does not have a neutron, only a proton. Another isotope of hydrogen, tritium, has two neutrons. The chemical symbol for Deuterium is H but D is also used often.


title: Carambola

text: The carambola has been growing in parts of Asia for hundreds of years. It may have first been in Sri Lanka and Moluccas. Malaysia grows the most carambola in the world and it also grows in Bangladesh.


title: Deuterium

text: Two deuterium atoms combined with an oxygen atom is sometimes called "heavy water." This is because it is like water (HO), but heavier because deuterium has one more neutron in its nucleus. Heavy water is sometimes used in nuclear reactors. It is also used as a solvent for NMR spectroscopy. This is because it will dissolve the sample, like normal water, but it will not be detected by the magnet in an H NMR.


title: Carambola

text: Because of insects and disease, whole carambolas cannot be taken into the USA. In the USA, star fruit is grown in Florida, Texas, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, California, Texas, Arizona, Puerto Rico and Hawaii.


title: Carambola

text: Star fruit tastes best ripe (yellow with a little green). It will also be brown on the five edges and feel hard. If the star fruit is overripe it will be yellow with brown spots. You can eat all of the fruit, even the skin. It is sweet and very juicy. The taste is a little bit like a subtle mix of papaya, orange and grapefruit.


title: Carambola

text: The Carambola is a tropical fruit. In Northern India, it grows up to 4,000 feet in elevation. It prefers a total exposure to the sun but requires high humidity and a total of 70 inches or more of rainfall a year. It requires good drainage of the soil.


title: Carambola

text: Carambola trees are planted 20 feet or more from each other. They grow fast and makes fruit when they are four or five years old. The rain during Spring makes the amount of fruit lower. In perfect conditions, Carambola can make from 200 to 400 pounds of fruit a year. The fruit is picked mainly during the months of June, July, and August.


title: Carambola

text: Major pests are fruit flies, ants, and birds. In the United States, they are also vulnerable to frosts.


title: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

text: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol () is the Netherlands' main international airport, It is 20 minutes southwest of Amsterdam. The airport's English name is Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. The airport had an IATA name of SPL, but is now AMS.


title: Louis de Funès

text: Louis de Funès (31 July 1914 – 27 January 1983), born Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza, was a popular French actor and comedian. He is known for working with Bourvil and Fernandel. He was also a movie director. He appeared in over 200 movies since his career began in 1945.


title: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

text: The airport is the main airport for KLM, Arkefly, Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair and Transavia. The airport is also the main European airport for Delta Air Lines. It is the 4th busiest airport in Europe and the 12th busiest in the world.


title: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

text: Trains run by Nederlandse Spoorwegen connect Amsterdam Schipol railway station to places around the Netherlands.


title: Analytic geometry

text: In classical mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system, usually the Cartesian coordinate system. As vectors are frequently used, it is also known as vector geometry. In most cases, tools from algebra (especially linear algebra) are used to solve problems.


title: Thun

text: Thun () is a city of the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The city has about 43,783 inhabitants (around 90,000 in the agglomeration), as of 31 December 2013.


title: Ovis

text: Ovis is a genus of the subfamily Caprinae, of the family Bovidae. The wild sheep and domestic sheep and other animals like it belong to this genus. There are 5 or more animals in this genus.


title: Moraceae

text: Moraceae are often called the mulberry family or fig family, is a family of flowering plants comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species. Included are well-known plants such as the fig, banyan, breadfruit, mulberry, and osage-orange.


title: Menorca

text: Menorca is located east of Mallorca. It has an area of . About 88,000 people live there. The main town is Mahón, which has about 27,000 people.


title: Menorca

text: Menorca was influenced by the Minoans. Later it was ruled by Carthage, and by Rome after the Punic Wars. From the 5th century AD there was a seat of a bishop on Menorca. The Vandals invaded but the Byzantine Empire recovered Menorca in 534. The Moors took over in 903. In 1287 the Christians took it back and enslaved the Muslims.


title: Menorca

text: Later Menorca was ruled by the Kingdom of Mallorca. In 1334 it became part of Aragon, which later became part of Spain. In 1713 the British conquered Menorca but in 1781 the Spanish recovered it in the American Revolutionary War.


title: London, Ontario

text: London, Ontario is a large city exactly halfway between Detroit, Michigan and Toronto, Ontario. It is also the home of the University of Western Ontario. With a population of 457,720 it is the seat of Middlesex County. It is an hour and a half drive from Sarnia, Ontario and an hour drive from Forest, Ontario.


title: Amnesia

text: Amnesia is what doctors call a loss or disturbance of memory. It is a loss of memory, that is to say, a person cannot remember certain things. Amnesia can be caused when someone has brain damage, a disease or when something really stressful happens.


title: Fishing cat

text: The fishing cat ("Prionailurus viverrinus") is a medium-sized wild cat of South and Southeast Asia. Fishing cats are the largest of the "Prionailurus" cats. They are about twice the size of a domestic cat and have a stocky, muscular build with medium to short legs.


title: Amnesia

text: The fact that adults usually cannot remember events that occurred in early childhood is called "infantile amnesia". It is attributed to the development of the brain or that of the child. It is not seen as a form of amnesia comparable to the other types.


title: Fishing cat

text: In 2008, the IUCN classified the fishing cat as endangered. They live in wetland habitats, which are increasingly being settled, degraded and converted. Over the last decade, the fishing cat population throughout much of its Asian range declined severely.


title: Amnesia

text: Amnesia can be permanent, or it can be temporary. Damage to the [brain], or the use of certain [drug]s can cause amnesia. Some of these drugs are [sedative]s. Another well known cause for amnesia can be drinking too much [alcohol]. Those kinds of causes are called "organic", because they can been directly seen. Other causes cannot directly be seen, they are called "functional". Rather they are [psychology|psychological] in their nature. People may want to shield off a traumatic event they witnessed, for example.


title: Fishing cat

text: Like its closest relative, the leopard cat, the fishing cat lives along rivers, streams and mangrove swamps. It is well adapted to this habitat, being an eager and skilled swimmer. Its feet are partly webbed, and it does catch fish.


title: Amnesia

text: Another minor cause of amnesia is "heartbreak" in a relationship. It can lead to trauma, but it is not necessarily traumatic.


title: Amnesia

text: Sometimes certain types of amnesia fix themselves without being treated. There are also different types of therapy that work with the brain to help with amnesia. There is no medicine that can directly help with amnesia.


title: Ron Paul

text: Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American Libertarian. He was formerly a Congressman from the state of Texas. He is retired but still travels around giving speeches about his beliefs.


title: Berkeley Software Distribution

text: Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) is a kind of the UNIX operating system that is distributed for free since 1989. It was started by people in Berkeley, California, USA in the year 1977. Now, people from around the world work on it.


title: Hero of Alexandria

text: Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria () (c. 10–70 AD) was an ancient Greek mathematician and engineer. He lived and worked in Alexandria when Alexander the Great ruled. He is known for his inventions and experiments. One of his well known inventions was the Aeolipile (a simple steam turbine). He also discovered a way to calculate square roots, and Heron's formula for finding the area of a triangle.


title: Eva Mendes

text: Eva Mendes (born March 5, 1974) is an American actress. She has been in movies including "The Other Guys" and "Training Day". She was born in Miami, Florida and grew up in Los Angeles, California.Currently married to Evan Davies.


title: Ron Paul

text: He ran for President of the United States in 1988, 2008, and 2012 but he was defeated all three times. He has called himself a lifetime member of the Libertarian Party.


title: Berkeley Software Distribution

text: There are many different kinds of BSD that many people have worked on. Some of them are DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Mac OS X.


title: Hero of Alexandria

text: Cajori says "Hero was a practical surveyor, so it is not surprising to find little resemblance between his writing and those of Euclid or Apollonius".


title: Ron Paul

text: He is for reducing or removing most taxes and removing many government rules about how people may live and spend their money. He does not want the United States military going into or attacking other countries, but instead wants it to only stop others from attacking the United States. He also believes that the United States currency should not be controlled by the Federal Reserve, which is the central bank of the United States. He wants people to be allowed to use any currency they want when buying and selling.


title: Ron Paul

text: In September 2020, Paul was hospitalized after having a minor stroke while livestreaming online in Texas.


title: Chagatai language

text: Chagatai language is one of the extinct Turkic languages spoken in Central Asia. Chagatai was a member of the eastern Turkic branch of the Altaic languages family and was a literary language from the Timur period and the Timurids until the early twentieth century.


title: Melanin

text: Melanin is a special pigment of the epidermis. It helps protect the body from the sun's radiation. This pigment contributes to the color of the skin and is produced deep within the layers of the epidermis. It is created from amino acid tyrosine It help our skin to protect from the sun.


title: Anthracite

text: Anthracite, often referred to as hard coal, is a type of dark coloured coal. Anthracite produces the fewest pollutants per unit of heat released, having the highest-heat value, and the lowest sulfur content. At the moment, deposits are largely depleted.


title: Anthracite

text: China does most mining of anthracite. Other producers are Russia, Ukraine, North Korea, South Africa, Vietnam, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States (east of the Mississippi River and Pennsylvania). Total production in 2010 was 670 million tons.


title: Lightning rod

text: A lightning rod or lightning conductor is an iron rod that is used to make lightning strike it, rather than strike something else. It is part of a lightning protection system. Such a system is made of many such rods. These rods are usually placed at high points of buildings and structures. In addition, paths are made the electricity can take from the rooftop to the ground, it was made in the year 1749 later improved in 1752.


title: Lightning rod

text: Lightning can damage structures made of most materials (masonry, wood, concrete and even steel). The huge currents involved can heat materials, and especially water to high temperatures. This will cause fire, loss of strength and explosions from super-heated steam and air.


title: Lightning rod

text: The church tower was usually the highest structure or building in medieval European towns and villages. It was also the building very often hit by lightning. Early on, Christian churches tried to prevent the damage of lightning by prayers. Priests prayed,


title: Lightning rod

text: Peter Ahlwardts ("Reasonable and Theological Considerations about Thunder and Lightning", 1745) said people who sought to protect themselves from lightning should go anywhere except in or around a church.


title: Lightning rod

text: In Europe, the lightning rod was invented by a theologian and natural scientist, Václav Prokop Diviš, between 1750 and 1754. He is the inventor of the first grounded lightning rod, which he erected on 15 July 1754 in the garden of his home in Přímětice u Znojma. It consisted of 400 sharp metal spikes attached at the top of a 42 m tall supporting pylon. The structure was fastened by three metal chains, conductively attached to the iron grounding cones buried in the packed down soil. He described his 'weather machine' in the treatise 'Descriptio machinae meteorologicae'. The original idea was to continually sap the electricity out of the clouds and so actually "prevent" the lightning and the storms, only in case this failed, the machine should have also been able to directly attract the lighting and channel it to the ground. He proposed his machine to be used on church towers and ships. He was sending his observations regarding the machine operation to Jan Antonín Scrinci, the physics professor at the Charles University in Prague, who published them in 'Prager Postzeitungen', 'Brünner Intelligenz-Zettel' and in 'Stuttgartisches Journal'. The machine is also mentioned by Leonhard Euler in 'Lettres à une Princesse d' Allemagne'. In 1755 Diviš asked the Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria to let him build more machines on several places for the welfare of the people. The emperor let the mathematicians in Vienna judge the proposal, but they refused it. Abbé Marci, court mathematician and Diviš' friend commented: 'Blasphemant, quae ignorant' (condemning what they do not know). In 1756 the machine was damaged by wind and then rebuilt, and then on 10 March 1760, angry villagers of Přímětice tore down the structure, blaming Diviš for drought which struck the region that year. Later in the year, after the summer during which the thunderstorms did a lot of damage to the fields and vineyards, the people besought him to rebuild the machine, which he did in the precinct of Loucky monastery, and built another one on the top of the church tower in Přímětice.


title: Lightning rod

text: In the United States, the pointed lightning rod conductor, often incorrectly referred to as the "lightning attractor," was invented by Benjamin Franklin as part of his groundbreaking explorations of electricity. Franklin thought that, with an iron rod sharpened to a point at the end,


title: Lightning rod

text: ""The electrical fire would, I think, be drawn out of a cloud silently, before it could come near enough to strike [...].""


title: Lightning rod

text: Franklin speculated about lightning rods for several years before his reported kite experiment. This experiment, in fact, took place because he was tired of waiting for Christ Church in Philadelphia to be completed so he could place a lightning rod on top of it. There was some resistance from churches who felt that it was defying divine will to install these rods. Franklin countered that there is no religious objection to roofs on buildings to resist precipitation, so lightning, which he proved to be simply a giant electrical spark, should be no different. As an act of philanthropy, Franklin decided against patenting the invention.


title: Lightning rod

text: In the 19th century the lightning rod became a symbol of American ingenuity and a decorative motif. Lightning rods were often embellished with ornamental glass balls (now prized by collectors). The ornamental appeal of these glass balls has also been incorporated into weather vanes.


title: Lightning rod

text: Balls of solid glass occasionally were used in a method thought to prevent lightning strikes to ships. It is worth noting here not because it worked, which it did not, but because it reveals a lot about pre-scientific thought. Glass objects do not conduct electricity well. They are seldom struck by lightning. Therefore, goes the theory, there must be something about glass that repels lightning. Hence the best method for preventing a lightning strike to a wooden ship was to bury a small solid glass ball in the tip of the highest mast. The random behavior of lightning ensured that the method gained a good bit of credence even after the development of the marine lightning rod soon after Franklin's initial work.


title: Lightning rod

text: Nikola Tesla's was an improvement in lightning protectors. The patent was granted due to a fault in Franklin's original theory of operation; the pointed lightning rod actually ionizes the air around itself. This makes the air conductive, which in turn raises the probability of a strike. Many years after receiving his patent, in 1919 Dr. Tesla wrote an article for The Electrical Experimenter entitled "Famous Scientific Illusions", in which he explains the logic of Franklin's pointed lightning rod and discloses his improved method and apparatus.


title: Charles IV of Spain

text: Charles IV (11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808. Later that year, Joseph Bonaparte became king.


title: Mezquita de Córdoba

text: The Mezquita (Spanish for "mosque") of Cordoba is a Roman Catholic cathedral. It used to be a mosque in the Andalusian city of Córdoba, Spain. At first the site had been used for a temple, then a Christian cathedral. Under the rule of Islam, it was built as the second-largest mosque in the world. It is perhaps the most accomplished monument of the Umayyad dynasty of Cordoba. It changed into mosque in Middle Ages. After the Spanish Reconquista, it was changed back into a church, and some of the Islamic columns and arcs were replaced by a basilica in early Baroque style. Today it houses the main church of the diocese of Cordoba in Spain.


title: Charles IV of Spain

text: Charles IV married his first cousin Princess Maria Luisa, the daughter of Philip, Duke of Parma, in 1765. The couple had fourteen children, six of whom survived into adulthood:


title: Incubation period

text: An incubation period is the time it takes between the day a person is infected with a pathogen (something that causes a disease, like a virus), and the day that the person starts having symptoms of the disease. For example, if a person is infected with the common cold, it usually takes about one to three days for the person to start having cold symptoms. This means that the common cold's incubation period is one to three days.


title: Incubation period

text: With some diseases, like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV, the virus that causes AIDS), a person can still give other people HIV during the incubation period. Even though the person with HIV has no symptoms, the virus is making copies of itself during the incubation period.


title: Incubation period

text: Incubation periods are not exactly the same for everyone, because every person is different. Because of this, an incubation period is always written as a range (for example, "one to three days").


title: Incubation period

text: Some diseases have very short incubation periods. Other diseases have incubation periods of many years. For example:


title: Surgical mask

text: A surgical mask, also known as a procedure mask, medical mask or simply a face mask, is a mask. It is intended to be worn by health professionals during surgery and during nursing. Such masks are used to catch the bacteria shed in liquid droplets and aerosols from the wearer's mouth and nose. They are not designed to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne bacteria or virus particles and are less effective than respirators, which provide better protection.


title: Ibrahim Afellay

text: Ibrahim Afellay (born 2 April 1986 in Utrecht, Netherlands) is a Moroccan-Dutch footballer. He plays for Stoke City and the Netherlands national team.


title: Surgical mask

text: There are different qualities of such mask. Despite their name, not all surgical masks should be used during surgeries. Chinese health officials distinguish between medical (non-surgical) and surgical masks.


title: Surgical mask

text: Surgical masks are made of a nonwoven fabric created using a melt blowing process. They came into use in the 1960s and largely replaced cloth facemasks in developed countries. A shortage of surgical masks is a central issue of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.


title: Surgical mask

text: Surgical masks are popularly worn by the general public all year round in East Asian countries like China, Japan and South Korea to reduce the chance of spreading airborne diseases to others, and to prevent the breathing in of airborne dust particles created by air pollution. Additionally, surgical masks have become a fashion statement, particularly in contemporary East Asian culture bolstered by its popularity in Japanese and Korean pop culture which have a big impact on East Asian youth culture.


title: Transmitter

text: The transmitter converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the desired frequency. Most transmitters use a quartz crystal to set the frequency of the resulting carrier wave. A modulator modifies the carrier wave, by frequency modulation or amplitude modulation or some other kind, to include the information needed, such as an audio or video signal. The modified waves are sent by an antenna to another antenna at the receiver which extracts the information from the waves.


title: VY Canis Majoris

text: VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa) is a red hypergiant star in the constellation Canis Major. It is about distant from Earth. It is one of the biggest known stars in the universe, and one of the most luminous of its type.


title: Kim Campbell

text: Avril Phædra Douglas "Kim" Campbell (known as Kim Campbell) (born March 10, 1947), is a Canadian politician, lawyer, diplomat, and writer who was the 19th Prime Minister of Canada from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993.


title: Vulcanization

text: Vulcanization is a kind of chemical reaction between sulphur, or another agent, and natural rubber. It makes cross-links between the molecular chains in the rubber. The reaction is not reversible. Charles Goodyear discovered it in 1839.


title: VY Canis Majoris

text: VY Canis Majoris is 1,420 times bigger than the Sun. If placed at the center of the Solar System (where the Sun is), VY Canis Majoris's surface would extend beyond Jupiter's orbit. However, there is some differences in the estimates of how big it is. Other estimates of the radius make it bigger than the orbit of Saturn.


title: Kim Campbell

text: Kim Campbell was born on March 10, 1947, in Port Alberni, British Columbia. Her Parents were George Thomas Campbell and Phyllis "Lisa" Cook.


title: Vulcanization

text: The purpose of this is to harden the rubber so it does not melt or soften in warm temperatures. This hard rubber can keep its shape when it is used in applications where it might be warmed or cooled.


title: VY Canis Majoris

text: VY CMa is a single star, a "semiregular" variable with a period of about 2,001 days. It has an average density of 5 to 10 mg/m.


title: Kim Campbell

text: She entered the PC Party leadership race after Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced his retirement from politics. She defeated Jean Charest at the Progressive Conservative leadership convention and was appointed Prime Minister on June 25, 1993 by Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn. She served as Prime Minister from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993. She was the first and only to date female Prime Minister of Canada, the first Prime Minister to have been born in British Columbia and the first Prime Minister to be a baby boomer.