title: StarCraft

text: The story is set in the future, where humans (called "Terrans") get stuck in a war between two alien species, the "Zerg" and the "Protoss". The Zerg look like monsters, and are all controlled by a very powerful Zerg called the "Overmind". They fly around the universe and invade planets. The Protoss, who have very advanced technology, look for the planets that the Zerg have taken over. When they find a Zerg planet, they burn it so that the Zerg on that planet cannot spread to others. In the original series human protagonist Jim Raynor and several Protoss allies attack and defeat the Overmind. In "Starcraft: Brood War" Jim's ex-partner Sarah Kerrigan uses deceit and trickery to manipulate the Terran and Protoss into helping her take control of the entire Zerg brood, making her the strongest force in the galaxy.


title: Hydrazine

text: It is used to make foam. It is also used in rocket fuels. It can be used in fuel cells. It is used to make sodium azide by reacting sodium amide with sodium nitrite.


title: StarCraft

text: "StarCraft" players can choose to play as Protoss, Zerg, or Terran races. Each race has different soldiers and buildings. Players can choose to play one-player or multiplayer games. In both, the player must gather resources, and use them to build a base and make soldiers to attack the enemy. The player wins when they destroy all the enemies buildings.


title: StarCraft

text: In one-player mode, there is the Campaign mode, and Custom mode. In Campaign mode, the player goes through a series of missions, which tell the story. Custom mode lets a player choose what race they want to be, what area they want to play on, and what race they will fight against (all enemies are controlled by the computer).


title: StarCraft

text: During a game, the player must use workers to gather minerals and vespene gas. Minerals appear as blue crystals in the ground and vespene gas comes from a geyser that has green smoke coming out of it. To gather vespene gas, the player needs to build a refinery building to be built on the geyser. The player uses minerals and vespene gas they have gathered to construct buildings and create units to fight the enemy. Buildings are structures that are used to create different kinds of units to fight the enemy. In order to create units, players must build special structures or units that provide "supply". If the player does not have enough supply, they cannot create more units. Each player has a supply limit of 200 units. When the player has reached 200 units, they can not make more units.


title: StarCraft

text: There are many different buildings the player can construct. Most of the buildings are used to build units. There are other buildings that are used for research to upgrade units, making them more powerful. Players can also make defensive buildings that are used to defend against attacking enemy units.


title: StarCraft

text: Each race have different types of units. The Protoss have powerful warriors and machinery that cost lots of minerals and gas to build. The Zerg use many fast and low cost units to defeat their enemies. Terran units mix between Protoss and Zerg units. They have strong, but easy to kill units that are powerful when used in formation. No race in "StarCraft" is more powerful than another race. Blizzard has released many small updates to the game that keep all the races balanced.


title: StarCraft

text: To win, players must gather and use resources wisely, and use smart strategies. To become very skilled at the game, players also need to become good at micromanagement and macromanagement. Macromanagement means collecting resources, building new bases, and making units to fight. Micromanagement means moving units so they can use their abilities to protect each other and fight the enemy. Players with better micromanagement will win fights against enemies who are not as good at micromanagement. This makes "StarCraft" different from many newer games, because the newer games often do much of the micromanagement without the player having to do it.


title: StarCraft

text: "StarCraft" is especially popular in South Korea. In Korea, "StarCraft" sold 4.5 million copies, which is 40% of the total copies sold in the world. Also, there are many pro gamers and pro gaming teams, so "StarCraft" games are broadcasted on TV and the internet. The game was sold in Korea by LG Soft. Even though the game wasn't translated into Korean, it was still very popular. This problem was solved in 2005, with a new update to "StarCraft".


title: Hundred Days

text: The Hundred Days, is the period between Napoleon Bonaparte's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 111 days). This period is also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition, and includes the Waterloo Campaign and the Neapolitan War.


title: Dacia

text: The Roman province of Dacia was in the Balkans. It included Transylvania, Banat and Oltenia in the modern Romania, and Muntenia and southern Moldova. It did not include the nearby regions of Moesia.


title: Michael Richards

text: Michael Anthony Richards (born July 24, 1949) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for a notable controversy when his shouting of racial slurs at African American hecklers in a comedy club was broadcast worldwide in news reports.


title: Children of Bodom

text: Children of Bodom was a Finnish melodic death metal band from Espoo in Finland. Their name comes from the Lake Bodom murders. The band members were: Alexi Laiho (lead guitar and vocals), Daniel Freyberg (rhythm guitar), Janne Wirman (keyboards), Henkka Blacksmith (bass), Jaska Raatikainen (drums).


title: Ernst Chain

text: He shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey, for the discovery of penicillin and how it could cure bacterial infections. Later he worked on the chemical structure of penicillin and other natural antibiotics.


title: Martin Garrix

text: Martijn Garritsen (born 14 May 1996), commonly known by his stage name Martin Garrix, is a Dutch DJ, musician, and producer. He is best known for the track "Animals" which went straight to the UK Singles Chart in 2013. His single "Wizard", produced with Jay Hardway, was released on 2 December 2013. Garrix is ranked No. 1 on the Top 100 DJ MAG in 2018 and No. 2 in 2019.


title: Eureka, California

text: Eureka is a small city of California in the United States, and the county seat of Humboldt County. In 2010, 27,217 people lived there. It is north of San Francisco.


title: Legia Warsaw

text: Legia Warszawa (), known in English as Legia Warsaw, is a professional football club in Warsaw, Poland. Legia is one of the most successful Polish football clubs in history winning 14 Ekstraklasa titles, a record 19 Polish Cup trophies and four Polish SuperCups. The club plays its home games at the Polish Army Stadium.


title: Pico de Orizaba

text: Pico de Orizaba, also known as: Citlaltépetl (in Nahuatl: "Sitlaltepetl" ‘estrella-monte-ABS’‘Monte de la Estrella), is a Mexican stratovolcano located between the states of Puebla and Veracruz and is the highest mountain in Mexico and the third in North America, below Denali in Alaska and Mount Logan in Canada, and It is the highest volcano in this latter.


title: Dacia

text: It was a big district in Central Europe of the Roman Empire. The northern part of the border was made up of the Carpathians; the southern part of the border of Dacia was made up of the Danube River, and the western part of the border of Dacia was made up of the Tisza River. Along the borders many Roman strongpoints built. The Dacia district protected the Empire from foreign tribes of the north east side.


title: Ernst Chain

text: Chain was Jewish, and moved to England in 1933. In 1939 he took British citizenship, and was knighted in 1969.


title: Eureka, California

text: Eureka has a very mild temperate climate with only very small temperature fluctuations between summer and winter. This is due to the cool California Current, whose water temperature is between and all year round. Under the Köppen climate classification, Eureka has a cool-summer Mediterranean climate ("Csb"), due to the low rainfall during summer.


title: Legia Warsaw

text: "This is a list of former players and coaches who have been inducted into the Legia Warsaw Hall of Fame."


title: Pico de Orizaba

text: Its last eruption was in 1846 to remain currently in its dormant state, it is the second highest volcanic peak in the world below the Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, it is also the only volcano in the world with Frozen Lava inside.


title: Dacia

text: The place where Dacia once was is now made up of Romania and Moldova, along with some parts of Hungary, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The capital of Dacia was Sarmizegetusa. The name of Romania came probably from the idea of the former "Romans country".


title: Ernst Chain

text: He won many awards: he was made a Commander of the Légion d'Honneur and awarded the Grande Ufficiale al Merito della Repubblica Italiana.


title: Eureka, California

text: The average summer temperatures in Eureka are much cooler than in New York City and Istanbul, which are on the same latitude. Summer temperatures are unusually cool for the 40th latitude, and are similar to those of southern Alaska, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Tierra del Fuego in the extreme south of Chile and Argentina, which are far north and south of the 50th latitude. The average winter temperatures are also much milder than in New York and Istanbul, and in contrast to these two cities, frost and snow do not occur every year. Snow is particularly rare and falls at most once or twice a decade.


title: Dacia

text: Dacia was added to the Roman Empire in its earliest days by the Emperor Trajan. Despite its wealth, it was the first province from which Rome withdrew.


title: Ernst Chain

text: Chain was born in Berlin, the son of Margarete (née Eisner) and Michael Chain, who was a chemist and industrialist dealing in chemical products. His family was Jewish. His father emigrated from Russia to study chemistry abroad and his mother was from Berlin. In 1930, he received his degree in chemistry from Friedrich Wilhelm University. He left Nazi Germany and worked at universities and laboratories in England.


title: Arnsberg

text: Arnsberg (; is a town in the German state North Rhine-Westphalia. It has about 74,000 inhabitants, who are mostly Catholic.


title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: Chun Doo-hwan (6 March 1931 – 23 November 2021) was a Korean military officer and the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988. He was sentenced to death in 1996. Chun was later pardoned by President Kim Young-sam on the advice of then President-elect Kim Dae-jung, who was sentenced to death by Chun some 20 years earlier.


title: Louis XVII

text: Louis XVII of France (Louis Charles; 27 March 1785 - 8 June 1795) was the King of France and Navarre from 1793 to 1795. He never actually ruled. He is also known as Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy and Fils de France (son of France).


title: Chloride

text: Chloride is an ion of chlorine. It occurs when chlorine gets reduced, gaining an electrons and becoming an ion. Chloride is necessary for life. It is normally found in the salt sodium chloride, which is very common in diets.


title: Tettigoniidae

text: The family Tettigoniidae, known in American English as katydids and in British English as bush-crickets, contains more than 6,400 species. It is part of the suborder Ensifera.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: Ben Roy Mottelson (July 9, 1926 – May 13, 2022) was an American-born Danish nuclear physicist. He won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the non-spherical geometry of atomic nuclei.


title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: Chun was a graduate of the Korean Military Academy in 1955. He was a member of Hanahoi, a powerful group of military officials that supported his actions. He was in charge of the investigation into the assassination of President Park Chung-hee. On 12 December 1979, in what became known as the Incident of December 12th, Chun ordered the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Chung Sung Hwa (정승화, 鄭昇和) without authorization from then-President Choi Kyu-ha. He ordered the arrest as part of the investigation of his part in the assassination. Chung Sung Hwa resisted the arrest. This led to a bloody gun fight at the Army Headquarters and the Ministry of Defense. By the next morning, Chun and his fellow military academy graduates Roh Tae-woo and Jeong Ho-yong were in charge of the Korean military.


title: Louis XVII

text: Louis Charles of France was born at the Palace of Versailles. He was the second son and the third child of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette of France. He became Dauphin of France after the death of his elder brother Louis Joseph in 1789.


title: Tettigoniidae

text: They are also known as long-horned grasshoppers, though they are more closely related to crickets than to grasshoppers.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: Mottelson was born in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from Lyons Township High School in LaGrange, Illinois. He received a Bachelor's degree from Purdue University in 1947, and a Ph.D. in nuclear physics from Harvard University in 1950.


title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: On 17 May 1980, Chun placed the entire country under martial law and disbanded the National Assembly. Many politicians were arrested, including liberal politician Kim Dae-jung. Kim was later sentenced to death in spite of protests from the United States. Later, Chun changed Kim's sentence in return for U.S. support. Protests across the nation became smaller. However, very violent prostests happened in Gwangju. Protestors Lootinglooted government building. They armed themselves with stolen guns and military jeeps. Protestors killed a couple of policemen and started of violent protest against the government. A couple of hundreds of protestors and some thirty soldiers were killed in the Gwangju. Choi resigned in August, and Chun was elected his successor by the National Conference for Unification, the South Korean electoral college, in September. In February 1981, Chun was elected president under a revised constitution as the candidate of the Democratic Justice Party (later renamed Democratic Republican Party).


title: Louis XVII

text: As a child he and his parents took a trip to Normandy and in honour of the well received visit the young prince was given the title of Duke of Normandy.


title: Tettigoniidae

text: Their antennae may be longer than their own body length, those of the grasshoppers are always relatively short.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: In 1950–51, James Rainwater (1917 – 1986) and Aage Bohr (1922 – 2009) had developed models of the atomic nucleus. It began learn the behaviour of the individual nucleons. Mottelson worked with Aage Bohr to share the theoretical models with experimental data.


title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: Chun ruled in an authoritarian manner. The 1981 constitution was less authoritarian than its 1972 predecessor, the Yushin Constitution, but still granted very broad powers to the president. However, it limited the president to one seven-year term. Chun did not try to change it so he could run for reelection in 1988.


title: Louis XVII

text: After his father's death, he became what they called "King of France" while exiled with his mother. In 1795, he died of an unknown causes during the French Revolution. An autopsy was carried out at the prison. Following a tradition of preserving royal hearts, his heart was taken out. It was kept by the one of the examining doctors, Philippe-Jean Pelletan.


title: Tettigoniidae

text: Katydids may disguise themselves brilliantly. Some look exactly like dead brown leaves, complete with holes, lying still on the forest floor of the rainforests of Asia and South America. Others act like green, living leaves fluttering from a branch. They even have vein-like markings like real leaves.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: In three papers which were published in 1952–53, Bohr and Mottelson demonstrated close agreement between theory and experiment, for example showing that the energy levels of certain nuclei could be described by a rotation spectrum. This work stimulated new theoretical and experimental studies.


title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: By 1986, the general public was happy with the economic growth. However, there was much anger and hatred against Chun's regime by left-wing students who later became known as 386s. The left wing students led the nationwide June 1987 protests. In the same month, U.S. President Ronald Reagan sent a letter to Chun in support of the creation of "democratic institutions." On June 29th, Roh Tae-woo announced a program of reform. This included direct presidential elections, restoration of banned politicians including Kim Dae-jung, and other liberalizing measures. This won Roh instant popularity, and he was elected as the next president of South Korea. It later became known that Chun was responsible for this plan.


title: Louis XVII

text: Louis Charles's body was buried in a mass grave. Dr. Pelletan was also shocked at all the scars from bad-treatment towards Louis, such as whipping, all over the front and back of him, as well as on his arms, legs, and feet.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: Rainwater, Bohr and Mottelson were jointly awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection".


title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: During Chun's visit to Rangoon, Burma (now Myanmar) in 1983, a bomb exploded at a mausoleum he was about to visit. The bomb killed 21 people, including South Korean Cabinet members. Chun himself did not die because he got there two minutes late. While no firm evidence of North Korean involvement has been found, they are widely thought to be responsible.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: Bohr and Mottelson continued to work together, publishing a two-volume monograph, "Nuclear Structure". The first volume, "Single-Particle Motion," appeared in 1969, and the second volume, "Nuclear Deformations," in 1975.


title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: In 1996, former presidents Chun and Roh were jailed on charges of corruption. On December 16, they were also found guilty of treason and mutiny as part of their takeover of power. Chun was sentenced to death. That sentence was changed to a life sentence. He and Roh were pardoned a year later.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: He was a foreign fellow of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In 1969, he won the Atoms for Peace Award.


title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: Chun died at his home in Seoul, on 23 November 2021 from cardiac arrest caused by blood cancer, aged 90.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: Mottelson had dual citizenship. He had both Danish and American citizenship. He lived in Copenhagen, Denmark.


title: Ben Roy Mottelson

text: Mottelson was married to Nancy Jane Reno from 1948 until her death in 1975. They had two sons and one daughter. Mottelson then married Britta Marger Siegumfeldt in 1983.


title: Orion (mythology)

text: In Greek mythology, Orion is a giant hunter. When he goes hunting, his dogs Sirius and Procycon accompany him. He lived in Boeotia and Crete. People do not agree about his parents: Sometimes he is said to be the son of Poseidon and the gorgon Euryale, at other times, he is said to have three fathers, Poseidon, Zeus and either Hermes or Ares. All three mixed their sperm in a bag of animal hide. Zeus gave him his craving for erotic adventures, from Poseidon, he got the ability to walk on water.


title: Orion (mythology)

text: He is married to Side, but Hera cast his wife into the Tartaros, because Side was too proud of her own beauty.


title: Orion (mythology)

text: In Greek literature he first appears as a great hunter in Homer's epic the "Odyssey", where Odysseus sees his shade in the underworld. The bare bones of his story are told by the Hellenistic and Roman collectors of myths, but there is no literary version of his adventures. Other heroes' stories are told, for example Jason in Apollonius of Rhodes' "Argonautica" or Euripides' "Medea". The entry in Ovid's "Fasti" for May 11 is a poem on the birth of Orion, but that is one version of a single story. The surviving fragments of legend have provided a fertile field for speculation about Greek prehistory and myth.


title: Orion (mythology)

text: Orion served several roles in ancient Greek culture. The story of the adventures of Orion, the hunter, is the one on which we have the most evidence (and even on that not very much); he is also the personification of the constellation of the same name; he was venerated as a hero, in the Greek sense, in the region of Boeotia; and there is one etiological passage which says that Orion was responsible for the present shape of the Straits of Sicily.


title: Ganglion

text: In anatomy, a ganglion (plural ganglia) is a mass of tissue in the nervous system. It is a group of nerve cells which do a job in the nervous system. Ganglia are basically clusters of nerve cell bodies. They may have thousands of nerve cell bodies working on some particular function. We perceive the brain's action as a whole. We cannot perceive ("see") the activity unless it goes wrong.


title: Aerogel

text: Aerogel is a gel in which the liquid part has been replaced with a gas (usually air). It was invented in 1931 by Samuel Stephens Kistler. The most common type of aerogel is silica aerogel, which is made from the same molecule as glass. It is a solid material that is almost as light as air. It is the world's lightest material. Its melting point is 1200 degrees Celsius, which is comparable to crocidolite asbestos. Aerogel is the best thermal insulator available and can be used in construction in place of fiberglass insulation. It allows better insulation with less material, although it is much more expensive than fiberglass. It is also brittle, making it more difficult to install than fiberglass. Most aerogel is not water-resistant, and even small amounts of water can destroy it. It is also safer than fiberglass or asbestos because it is not known to cause cancer if inhaled into the lungs. Some aerogel insulation, however, contains fiberglass to increase its flexibility.


title: Ganglion

text: In the brain, the basal ganglia is a group of nuclei interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem. They do various things: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning.


title: Ganglion

text: In invertebrates, ganglia often do the work of a brain. In cases like the earthworm, there is a ganglion above the gut at the front. This is linked to another under the gut by nerve fibres running down each side of the gut. The rest of the central nervous system runs under the gut. This type of arrangement in found in a number of invertebrate phyla, and contrasts with the vertebrates, who have their spinal cord above (dorsal to) their gut.


title: Allison Janney

text: Allison Brooks Janney (born November 19, 1959) is an Emmy Award American movie, television and voice actress. She is best known for her roles in the television drama "The West Wing" for which she received several Emmy Awards. She starred in the 1999 Oscar winning movies "American Beauty" and "Juno" as well as many other movies.


title: Rex Tillerson

text: Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American businessman and the 69th United States Secretary of State. He served from February 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. He was the chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation, the fifth largest company by market capitalization until his resignation in 2017.


title: Seismic wave

text: Seismic waves are vibrating movement of the ground. Seismic waves can be caused by underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. Seismic waves go through the Earth’s layers. The speed of seismic waves depends on the type of materials they meet. When they meet different kind of material, they bounce or go in different directions. Seismic waves can be detected by seismographs.


title: Slough

text: Slough is a large town in Berkshire, England. It is on the western fringes of the Greater London Urban Area, west of central London, north of Windsor, east of Maidenhead, southeast of High Wycombe and northeast of the county town of Reading. It is between the Thames Valley and London and at the intersection of the M4, M40 and M25 motorways.


title: Alameda, California

text: The city was founded in 1853 as 3 smaller towns. At the west end it was called Woodstock. The east end was called Fernside. In the 1940s the land was filled to make Bay Farm Island.


title: Otto of Greece

text: Otto Friedrich Ludwig (, "Óthon"; 1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867) was a Bavarian prince. He was King of Greece from the creation of the monarchy on 27 May 1832 until he was removed from the monarchy on 23 October 1862. He was soon exiled and died in the Kingdom of Bavaria.


title: Allison Janney

text: In 2017, Janney starred as LaVona Fay Golden in the black comedy "I, Tonya". She won an Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, Satellite Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role as Golden in 2018.


title: Rex Tillerson

text: In December 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tillerson to be the Secretary of State. The United States Senate approved of his nomination on February 1, 2017 and shortly assumed the office. On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson and said he would nominate Mike Pompeo to succeed him as Secretary of State. Tillerson's term officially ended on March 31, 2018.


title: Seismic wave

text: Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. When earthquakes occur, they release energy in a form of seismic waves. Seismic waves make the ground vibrating to all directions from the starting point of the earthquake.


title: Rex Tillerson

text: Tillerson was born on March 23, 1952, in Wichita Falls, Texas. Tillerson received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975.


title: Seismic wave

text: Seismic waves are divided into two main types of waves, body waves and surface waves. Body waves go through the Earth, and surface waves go along the Earth’s surface.


title: Rex Tillerson

text: Tillerson joined Exxon in 1975, and by 1989 had become general manager of the Exxon USA central production division. In 1995 he became president of Exxon Yemen Inc. and Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc. In 2006, Tillerson was elected chairman and chief executive officer of Exxon, the world's 6th largest company by revenue. Tillerson retired from Exxon effective December 31, 2016, and was succeeded by Darren Woods. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He resigned his position from Exxon to pursue his nomination of United States Secretary of State.


title: Seismic wave

text: Body waves travel through the Earth’s interior. Body waves are divided into two types, primary waves and secondary waves.


title: Rex Tillerson

text: On the evening of December 10, the BBC cited NBC reports that "sources close to Mr Trump [were] ... saying that Mr Tillerson is likely to be named next week" and that former UN ambassador John Bolton "will serve as his deputy". On December 12, "The New York Times" reported that he had been chosen. On December 13, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Tillerson would be his nominee for Secretary of State.


title: Seismic wave

text: Primary waves travel faster than any other waves, so when earthquakes occur primary waves arrive first at the surface. That’s why we call them ‘primary’.


title: Rex Tillerson

text: On January 11, 2017, Tillerson's congressional confirmation hearing was held. Tillerson was approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 23, 2017, to be Secretary of State when it voted 11-10 to send his nomination to the full Senate. The Senate confirmed Tillerson as Secretary of State on February 1 2017. The Senate voted 56 to 43, with all Republicans in support and 42 Democrats voting against him.


title: Seismic wave

text: Primary waves can go through solids, liquids and gases. Primary waves go 7~8 kilometers per second in solids, but primary waves have different speeds in liquids and gases.


title: Rex Tillerson

text: On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson as Secretary and nominated Director of the CIA Mike Pompeo of the position. His term ended on March 31, 2018.


title: Seismic wave

text: The ground moves back and forth in the same direction as the primary waves move. Primary waves repeat squeezing and stretching the ground when they move.


title: Seismic wave

text: Secondary waves arrive after primary waves. That’s why we call them ‘secondary’. Secondary waves can go 3~4 kilometers per second. Secondary waves can’t go through air and liquids. They can only go through solids. The ground moves up and down in the right angle to the direction of the secondary waves. Secondary waves temporary change the shape of materials.


title: Seismic wave

text: Surface waves travel along the Earth’s surface. They come after the body waves. Surface waves are caused by primary waves and secondary waves when they arrive at the surface. There are two types of surface waves.


title: Seismic wave

text: Rayleigh waves were named after John William Strutt Rayleigh. When Raleigh waves travel, the particles move in an oval shape, similar to water waves. The speed of Rayleigh waves depends on the types of solids. Information about Rayleigh waves give us the reason why the ground vibrates. Rayleigh waves are slower than Love waves.


title: Seismic wave

text: Love waves were named after A.E.H. Love. Particles move back and forth at a 90 degree angle to the wave direction. The speed of Love waves depends on the types of solids. We can know the thickness of the Earth’s crust with Love waves. Love waves usually travel faster than the Rayleigh waves.


title: Seismic wave

text: Seismic waves can be detected and recorded by seismographs. Primary waves are recorded faster than secondary waves. The period between the arrival time of primary waves and secondary waves is used to find the starting point of the wave. We can know about the Earth’s layer through seismic waves.


title: Chow Yun-Fat

text: Chow Yun-fat (born May 18, 1955), formerly called Donald Chow, is a Hong Kong actor and singer. He often worked with John Woo in the action movies "A Better Tomorrow", "The Killer", and "Hard Boiled". He also acted in "", and has acted in many drama movies.


title: Jean Simmons

text: Jean Simmons (January 31, 1929 - January 22, 2010) was an Anglo-American actress. She was active in movies, television and theatre.


title: Poissy

text: Poissy is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Yvelines department in north-central France. In 2019, 39,187 people lived there.


title: Chow Yun-Fat

text: His parents were farmers and poor. He grew up on an island without electricity. While in college, Chow began training to become an actor with TVB. He first appeared on the 1980 TV series "The Bund". Chow appeared in many TV series, but he wanted to act in movies. He acted in a few movies, but they were very bad. He finally became sucessful when he teamed with John Woo in "A Better Tomorrow".


title: Jean Simmons

text: Jean Simmons was born in London, England. She began her acting career very young, and appeared in films like David Lean's "Great Expectations" (1946) and Laurence Olivier's "Hamlet" (1948) while still a teenager.


title: Poissy

text: The commune is in the western suburbs of Paris, from the center. It is one of Peugeot's largest factories.


title: Jean Simmons

text: As a very promising young actress, she came to Hollywood in 1950, where she appeared in such films as "The Robe" (1953), "Young Bess" (1953), "Désirée" (1954), "The Egyptian" (1954), "The Big Country" (1958), "Spartacus" (1960), "Elmer Gantry" (1960), "Life at the Top" (1965), "A Rough Night in Jericho" (1967), etc.


title: Jean Simmons

text: In the 1970s, she gradually turned to television work, notably in the highly successful miniseries "The Thorn Birds" (1983), for which she won an Emmy Award for best supporting actress, and "North and South " (1985).


title: Jean Simmons

text: Simmons was married twice. Her first was to actor Stewart Granger from 1950 to 1960, with whom she had a daughter, Tracy (born 1956). Simmons and Granger became American citizens in 1956. The second was to film director Richard Brooks from 1960 to 1977, with whom she had a second daughter, Kate (born 1961). Both marriages ended in divorce.


title: Square (algebra)

text: In mathematics, a square of a number means the result of multiplying the number by itself. For example, the square of 6 is 6×6 = 36.


title: Oriental studies

text: Oriental studies include Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, and peoples and their histories; in recent years the term Asian studies has mostly replaced the older term. European study of the region had primarily religious origins, which has remained an important motivation until recent times.


title: President of Georgia

text: The President of Georgia (, "sakartvelos prezidenti") is the head of state and supreme commander-in-chief.


title: Alberto Giacometti

text: Alberto Giacometti (; 10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. His parents were Giovanni and Annetta and his family grew up with art. His father was a Post-Impressionist painter.


title: Mad Max: Fury Road

text: Mad Max: Fury Road is a 2015 Australian post-apocalyptic action movie. It was co-written, co-produced, and directed by George Miller. Miller worked on the screenplay with Brendan McCarthy and Nico Lathouris. The movie is the fourth installment and "reboot" of the "Mad Max" films. It was produced by Kennedy Miller Mitchell and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. The movie stars Tom Hardy, Charlize Theron, Nicholas Hoult, Hugh Keays-Byrne, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Riley Keough, Zoë Kravitz, Abbey Lee and Courtney Eaton.


title: Surah Yusuf

text: Surah Yusuf (,); is the 12th surah of the Muslim religious book, the Qur'an, with 111 verses and 12 verses. Surah Yusuf in Makkah Revealed. Although the events of the other prophets are mentioned in different surahs of the Qur'an, only the events of Yusuf are narrated in full continuity in Surah Yusuf of the Qur'an. Between world history and past experience lies a great lesson for the future life of man. The normal response to these teachings is deeper than normal education in the human mind and brain. That is why the Qur'an, sent as the latest guide for the whole human race, contains selected chapters of the history of the nations of the world, which are effective instruments for the present and future correction of mankind.


title: Square (algebra)

text: Many of the units of area are squares. For example, a "square meter" means the area equal to the area of a rectangle which is one meter tall and one meter wide.


title: President of Georgia

text: His role is ceremonial as in many parliamentary democracies. Prime Minister is the head of government. The office was first introduced by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on 14 April 1991, five days after Georgia's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.


title: Alberto Giacometti

text: When he was ten, he began drawing with pencil and crayon and sending his drawings to his godfather, Amiet. Then he started to use oils and he painted his first photo of a face at the age of 12. He used his siblings as models.


title: President of Georgia

text: The President serves a five-year term. The incumbent is Giorgi Margvelashvili, who was sworn in on 17 November 2013.


title: Alberto Giacometti

text: In 1915, he went to the Evangelical School in the town of Schiers. He left school in 1919. He continued to develop his art skills in Geneva where he enrolled at the École des Arts Industriels. He travelled to Venice, Padua, Florence and Rome. Here, he was influenced by the collections of Egyptian art he studied. African and Oceanic art also inspired him. He also focused on the surrealism of art. Example of this are "Suspended Ball" and "The Palace at 4 a.m".


title: Alberto Giacometti

text: From 1922, he lived and worked mainly in Paris. He regularly visited his hometown Borgonovo to see his family and to work on his art.


title: Alberto Giacometti

text: In 1940, Giacometti and his brother, Diego, went to the south of France to escape Nazi invasion. He returned to Paris in 1941. He died on 11 January 1966.


title: Alberto Giacometti

text: Giacometti was one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century. His work was particularly influenced by artistic styles such as Cubism and Surrealism.


title: Amboise

text: Amboise is a commune in central France’s Loire Valley. It is in the Indre-et-Loire department. It covers . In 2014, 13,371 people lived there.


title: Viktor Zubkov

text: Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov (; born 15 September 1941) is a Russian politician and businessman. He served as the Prime Minister of Russia twice: from September 2007 to May 2008.


title: Amboise

text: Amboise is known for the Château d'Amboise, a 15th-century castle. King Charles VIII lived there. Leonardo da Vinci's tomb is there. There are royal chambers, gardens and underground passageways.


title: Amboise

text: Near Amboise is Château du Clos Lucé, da Vinci's former home. Da Vinci lived there until his death in 1519. It has a small museum displaying working models of his designs.


title: Amboise

text: Amboise is twinned with Boppard in Germany, Fana in Mali, Suwa in Japan, Vinci in Italy and Baleni in Romania.


title: Paulo Futre

text: Paulo Futre (born 28 February 1966) is a former Portuguese football player. He has played for Portugal national team.


title: Gianni Rodari

text: Gianni Rodari (October 23, 1920 in Omegna (Novara) - April 14, 1980 in Rome) was an Italian writer. He was famous for his books for children.


title: Federal Republic of Central America

text: The Federal Republic of Central America was known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation. It was an independent nation in Central America. It was made up of the former territories of the Captaincy General of Guatemala. It existed from September 1821 to 1841. It was a republican democracy.


title: Billy Zane

text: William George "Billy" Zane, Jr. (born February 24, 1966), mostly known as Billy Zane or Bill Zane, is an American television, voice, stage, video game, and movie actor, music executive, and movie producer. He has appeared in over 100 movies. He played the main antagonist Caledon N. "Cal" Hockley in the 1997 James Cameron's blockbuster movie "Titanic".


title: WannaCry ransomware attack

text: WannaCry ransomware attack was a worm that infected many Windows computers around the world on May 2017. The worm had spread malware that encrypted the user's computer data (i.e. scrambled the user's computer data into meaningless information) and demanded affected users to pay $300 Bitcoin within 3 days or $600 Bitcoin within 7 days before all of the affected computer's data is destroyed. The malware had cost the world millions to billions of dollars to fix their servers and computers.


title: Federal Republic of Central America

text: The republic was made up of the present-day countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica (Panama was part of the Republica de Colombia in 1821). Los Altos was added to the republic in the 1830's. Its capital was Quetzaltenango. Although the nation was independent of Spain, it had been annexed by the First Mexican Empire.


title: Billy Zane

text: Zane was born on February 24, 1966 in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Lisa Collins from 1989 until they divorced in 1995.


title: WannaCry ransomware attack

text: The WannaCry ransomware attack started in May 14th 2017. After the WannaCry ransomware attack started, companies and universities around the world have researched ways to eliminate spread of the malware. After four days, the malware did not spread any further, and it was now easy to eliminate the malware.


title: WannaCry ransomware attack

text: The person who started the ransomware attack was Park Jin-hyok, who is a computer hacker in North Korea. On September 6, 2018, the US Department of Justice charged Park Jin-hyok for helping make the program for the WannaCry ransomware, as well as being responsible for the Sony Pictures hack of 2014.


title: WannaCry ransomware attack

text: John C. Demers, the head of the Justice Department’s National Security Division, said in a statement:


title: WannaCry ransomware attack

text: Mr. Park, who also went by the alias Pak Jin Hek, is unlikely to see the inside of an American courtroom. The United States has no direct, formal relations with North Korea and did not communicate with its reclusive government ahead of the charges.


title: Chalkidiki

text: Chalkidiki, also known as Halkidiki or Chalcidice, is one of 51 prefectures of Greece in the region of Macedonia. It is the area of the ending of Central Macedonia which accesses deeply in the Aegean Sea forming three small peninsulas. The capital of Chalcidice is the Polygyros.


title: Luis Aragonés

text: Luis Aragonés (28 July 1938- 1 February 2014), became active as a Spanish football player in 1957 and football coach in 1974. He played in, and was involved in managing, Real Oviedo, Real Betis Balompié, and Atlético Madrid. Additionally, he participated in coaching Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla, Espanyol Barcelona, Mallorca and Fenerbahçe.


title: Art Garfunkel

text: Art Garfunkel (born November 5, 1941) is an American singer of Jewish descent. Along with Paul Simon, he was part of the duo Simon and Garfunkel, a popular group in the 1960s and early 1970s. After that, he made several solo albums. He has also acted in a few movies.


title: Ramiz Alia

text: Ramiz Tafë Alia (18 October 1925 – 7 October 2011) was the second and last leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1985 to 1991 after Enver Hoxha died . He was First Secretary of the Party of Labor of Albania. He was also the country's head of state from 1982 to 1992.


title: Kevin James

text: Kevin George Knipfing (born April 26, 1965), known professionally as Kevin James, is an American comedian and Emmy Award-nominated actor. He is known for his portrayal of lead character Doug Heffernan on the television sitcom "The King Of Queens", and Eric Lamonsoff in "Grown Ups" and "Grown Ups 2".


title: Ann Radcliffe

text: She was born in London. Her father was a trader, but when she was little, she lived mostly in the houses of richer relations. In 1772 her family moved to Bath, where it is possible she may have gone to a school run by Sophia and Harriet Lee.


title: Mars Science Laboratory

text: The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a NASA mission to land and control a rover named Curiosity on the surface of the planet Mars. The MSL was launched on November 26, 2011. The MSL successfully did the first-ever precision landing on Mars. It landed on Mars at Gale Crater on August 5, 2012 and began exploring the surface.


title: Ann Radcliffe

text: Her first tries to write romance stories were "The Castle of Athlin and Dunbayne" (1789) and "A Sicilian Romance" (1790). They were both published secretly. "The Romance of the Forest" (1791) made her famous as the writer of Gothic romances, the "hobgoblin romance", later called "the Radcliffe romance". Two novels published when she was alive, "The Mysteries of Udolpho" (1794) and "The Italian" (1797), helped make her famous as "the Great Enchantress". Radcliffe was also a great traveller. She made a book after she traveled to the Continent, "A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany...To Which Are Added Observations of a Tour to the Lakes" (1795). But the tours written about in the novels were based on travel books, landscape paintings, and imagination. Walter Scott called Radcliffe "the first poetess of romantic fiction".


title: Mars Science Laboratory

text: The goal of the Curiosity rover is to study the history of Mars. It was to see whether Mars has, or ever had, an environment able to support microbial life. It indeed did that, finding evidence that 3 Billion years ago there was once water and an environment that could support life. This means it found that life could have existed, but not that it certainly did. It will also carefully look at samples scooped up from the soil and drilled powders from rocks.


title: Ann Radcliffe

text: She married in 1787 William Radcliffe, who later became the editor of the "English Chronicle". It was probably with his help that she began writing for fun. Even though she was famous, Radcliffe liked to be private.


title: Mars Science Laboratory

text: "Curiosity" is five times as heavy as the Mars Exploration Rovers "Spirit" or "Opportunity" and carries more than ten times their mass of scientific instruments . It was launched by an Atlas V 541 rocket. "Curiosity" will be expected to work for at least 1 Martian year (668 Martian sols/686 Earth days), but may live a lot longer than that. It will explore Mars with greater range than any other rover.


title: Mars Science Laboratory

text: Mars Science Laboratory mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program. The program is a long-term mission of robotic exploration of Mars. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology manages the program for NASA. The total cost of the MSL project is about US$2.3 billion.


title: Doom metal

text: Doom metal is a form of heavy metal. The music sounds heavy and it is slower than other metal genres. Lyrics play a very important part in this genre. They are normally about sad subjects like pain, death and pessimism.


title: Gollum

text: Gollum is a Hobbit from "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings". He is a minor antagonist of "The Hobbit" and a secondary antagonist of "The Lord of the Rings".


title: Thimble

text: A thimble is a small, hard cup. People wear one on their finger for protection from the needle when sewing.


title: Naomi Scott

text: Naomi Grace Scott (born 6 May 1993) is an English actress and singer. She is best known for starring as Princess Jasmine in Disney's musical fantasy movie "Aladdin" (2019). She also starred in "Power Rangers" (2017) and the action comedy movie "Charlie's Angels" (2019).


title: Paul Robeson

text: Paul Leroy Robeson ( April 9, 1898 – January 23, 1976) was an African-American singer and actor who became involved with the Civil Rights Movement. He was a consensus first-team All-American football player at Rutgers, as well as class valedictorian. He had an international career in singing, as well as acting in theater and movies. He was politically involved in many issues, including the Spanish Civil War, fascism, and social injustices. His supported anti-imperialism and communism. Because he was critical of the U.S. government he was blacklisted during McCarthyism. He was forced to retire because of poor health.


title: Muesli

text: Muesli (pronounced as ) is a type of breakfast cereal made with rolled oats and other ingredients such as grains, nuts, seeds and fresh or dried fruits. Muesli is often served with milk or yoghurt, or occasionally with fruit juice. These liquids are usually added to soften the muesli and to add extra flavor.


title: Gollum

text: Sméagol went fishing with his brother and found the One Ring. He strangled and killed his brother and kept the One Ring to himself. For 500 years, he lived longer but became ugly. He was encountered by fellow Hobbit Bilbo Baggins, who took his Ring. Decades later, he has been captured by Sauron's forces and shared Bilbo's location.


title: Muesli

text: Muesli was first developed in 1900 by Swiss physician Maximilian Bircher-Benner. He invented muesli so that patients in his hospital were able to eat a ready-made meal in a dry form, either made fresh or stored.


title: Gollum

text: In Peter Jackson's movie adaptations of both books, Gollum's motion capture and voice were done by Andy Serkis. He is digitally created by Weta Digital and is considered one of the most impressive features of the series, specifically the second Lord of the Rings movie. The screenwriters portrayed him as if he had Dissociative identity disorder.


title: Gollum

text: Gollum, voiced by Andy Serkis accepted a 2003 MTV Movie Award for Best Virtual Performance with him yelling censored swears towards the crew, audience, Serkis and fellow book character Dobby from Harry Potter, whom he described as a "fucking fag". It was written by Philippa Boyens and Fran Walsh as a humorous response. The speech itself won a 2004 Hugo Award.


title: Gollum

text: His distinct voice and his catchphrase "My precious" are well-known for fantasy fans and Gollum is seen as one of the best computer animated characters in a live-action movie.


title: Harald Fairhair

text: Harald Fairhair (c. 850 – c. 932) was the first King of Norway. According to traditions today in Norway and Iceland, during the 12th and 13th centuries, he was king from 872 to 930. Most of what we know about him comes from several sagas, written up to three centuries after he died.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: The Atlantic Wall (German: "Atlantikwall") was an extensive system of Coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the western coast of Europe as a defense against an anticipated Allied invasion of the mainland continent from Great Britain.


title: Kellogg–Briand Pact

text: The Kellogg–Briand Pact (also called the General Treaty for the Renunciation of War or the World Peace Act) was an agreement on peace signed on August 27, 1928, by several countries. Some of these countries were the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and Germany. It was named after its authors, Frank B. Kellogg and Aristide Briand.


title: Infante

text: Infante is a title given to children of the reigning King of Spain. It has also historically been used by Portuguese monarchs before the country became a republic. As it is a title usually used by the children of monarchs, the style of Royal Highness is also used. The female version of the word is Infanta. Fully the style is usually:


title: Tunku Abdul Rahman

text: Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (Jawi: تونكو عبد الرحمن ڤوترا الحاج ابن سلطان عبد الحميد حليم شاه ; , 8 February 1903 – 6 December 1990) was a Malaysian politician. He was the first Chief Minister of the Malaysia from 1955 to 1957, before becoming the country's first Prima Minister after independence in 1957. He resigned in 1970.


title: Republic of Upper Volta

text: Republic of Upper Volta is an old name for the country in Africa which is known as Burkina Faso today. It was a French colony, which became independent in 1960. Upper Volta existed as a French colony from 1918 to 1932. In 1932, it was disbanded, and its territory was shared between the neighboring countries, French Sudan, Niger and Ivory Coast. In 1947, Upper Volta was restored, with its former borders.


title: Farah Pahlavi

text: Farah Pahlavi (, née Farah Diba ; born 14 October 1938) is an Iranian royal. She is the widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Pahlavi was the "Shahbanu" (empress) of Iran from 1961 to 1979. Pahlavi was born in Tehran.


title: Harald Fairhair

text: He was the son of Halvdan the Black. Harald was the first petty king to gain control of the coastal areas of Norway. After the battle of Hafrsfjord in 872 Harald became king of most of Norway. It was the last of a series of battles between Harald and other feudal states in Norway.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: On March 23, 1942 Führer Directive Number 40 called for the official creation of the Atlantic Wall. After the St. Nazaire Raid, on April 13, 1942 Adolf Hitler ordered naval and submarine bases to be heavily defended. Fortifications remained concentrated around ports until late in 1943 when defences were increased in other areas.


title: Kellogg–Briand Pact

text: The pact said that war was wrong and should be banned, but said nothing about what to do with a country that went to war anyway. The pact was the result of a determined American effort to avoid involvement in the European alliance system. The Kellogg-Briand Pact was registered with the League of Nations on Tuesday 4 September , 1928.


title: Tunku Abdul Rahman

text: Setelah belajar di England (1920-1931), Abdul Rahman kembali ke Tanah Melayu untuk memasuki perkhidmatan awam Kedah. Pada tahun 1947 di kembali ke England


title: Harald Fairhair

text: Because of Skaldic poems (poems honouring heroes in Scandinavia), we know that he was successful in fighting against his opponents in Norway. Eric Bloodaxe and Haakon the Good, his two sons, became King after he died of old age.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: Organisation Todt, which had designed the Siegfried Line ("Westwall") along the Franco-German border, was the chief engineering group responsible for the design and construction of the wall's major fortifications. Thousands of forced laborers were impressed to construct these permanent fortifications along the Dutch, Belgian and French coasts facing the English Channel.


title: Harald Fairhair

text: Fairhair may have had as many as 11-20 sons according to different Sagas. Twelve of them became Kings and were all assigned land.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: Early in 1944, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was assigned to improve the Wall's defences. Rommel believed the existing coastal fortifications were entirely inadequate and he began strengthening them. He knew that the beaches between were barely defended, and the Allies could land there and capture the ports from the land. Under his direction, a string of reinforced concrete pillboxes were built along the beaches, or sometimes slightly inland, to house machine guns, anti-tank guns, and light artillery. Mines and antitank obstacles were planted on the beaches themselves, and underwater obstacles and mines were placed in waters just off shore. The intent was to destroy the Allied landing craft before they could unload.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: The Germans laid almost six million mines in northern France. More gun emplacements and minefields extended inland, along roads leading away from the beaches. In likely landing spots for military gliders and paratroopers, the Germans installed slanted poles with sharpened tops, which the troops called "Rommelspargel" ("Rommel's asparagus"). Low-lying land near rivers was flooded, as well.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: Rommel firmly believed that Germany would inevitably be defeated unless the invasion could be stopped at the beach.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: Although the defensive wall was never completed the Wall's existence was used to address concerns of the Soviet Union for why the Second Front was not opened until June 6, 1944 (less than a year before the end of the war). The Wall primarily consisted of batteries, bunkers, and minefields, which during 1942–1944, stretched from the French-Spanish border to Norway (Festung Norwegen). Many bunkers still exist, for example near Scheveningen, Den Haag, Katwijk and in Normandy. In Oostende, Belgium the public may visit a well-preserved part of the defences. That section consists of emplacements of the "Saltzwedel neu battery" and the "Stützpunkt Bensberg", consisting of several men’s quarters and the necessary facilities. These constructions were used by a unit of German military engineers ("Pionierstab") who were in charge of bunker construction.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: The Channel Islands were heavily fortified, particularly the island of Alderney which is closest to England (Jersey being the closest to France). Hitler had decreed that one twelfth of the steel and concrete used in the Atlantic Wall go to the Channel Islands, because they were British territory. Despite the mooting of Operation Constellation "et al.", the Allies bypassed the islands and did not try to liberate them when they invaded Normandy. The islands' German garrisons did not surrender until 9 May 1945 – one day after the German armed forces on the mainland. The German garrison on Alderney did not surrender until 16 May.


title: Atlantic Wall

text: Walcheren Island was considered to be the "strongest concentration of defences the Nazis had ever constructed."


title: Atlantic Wall

text: The Atlantic Wall was not a single organisation except in the administration of its building. Militarily it was divided into eight commands:


title: Atlantic Wall

text: Many major ports and positions were made part of the Atlantic wall and received heavy fortifications, Hitler ordered them all to fight to the end and some of them remained in German hands until the unconditional surrender of Axis Forces on May 8, 1945. Several of the port fortresses were resupplied by submarine after being surrounded by Allied forces. The defenders of these positions included Slavic soldiers and SS troops.


title: Wisteria

text: Wisteria is a type of plant. It is a climbing shrub with blue/lilac flowers. The plant only flowers after a being a few years old but when it does the flowers have a very sweet fragrance. It looses its leaves in winter. The seeds come in pods and are disc shaped.


title: Wandering albatross

text: The wandering albatross is a large seabird of the family Diomedeidae. It is also called the snowy albatross or white-winged albatross. It is the largest member of the genus "Diomedea" (the great albatrosses) and has the largest wingspan of any living bird. It can have a wing-span of up to 11.5 feet (3.50 m). The IUCN says it is a vulnerable species.


title: Highland

text: The term highland or upland is used to mean any mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau. Generally speaking, "upland" (or uplands) means ranges of hills, typically up to 500-600 meters (1,600-2,000 feet). "Highland" (or highlands) usually is used to mean ranges of low mountains.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: Jean Paul Getty (December 15, 1892 – June 6, 1976) was an American industrialist. He founded the Getty Oil Company. In 1957 "Fortune" magazine named him the richest living American, and the 1966 Guinness Book of Records named him as the world's richest private citizen, worth an estimated $1,200 million. At his death, he was worth more than $2 billion. A book published in 1996 ranked him as the 67th richest American who ever lived. (The book ranked his wealth as a percentage of the United States gross national product.) Despite his wealth, Getty was known for being a miser.


title: Codex Sinaiticus

text: The Codex Sinaiticus, or "Sinai Bible", is one of the four great uncial codices, ancient, handwritten copies of a Christian Bible in Greek. The codex is an historical treasure. The codex is an Alexandrian text-type manuscript written in uncial letters on parchment and dated paleographically to the mid-4th century.


title: David MacMillan

text: David William Cross MacMillan (born March 16, 1968) is a Scottish-American chemist. He is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University. He shared the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Benjamin List for his work on organocatalysis.


title: Chaim Herzog

text: Major-General Chaim Herzog (; 17 September 1918 – 17 April 1997) was an Israeli politician, general, lawyer and author.


title: Wandering albatross

text: Wandering albatross live together when breeding, which they do once every two years. They are monogamous, and usually mate for life. They can live for over 50 years, and adult mortality is only 5 to 7% a year (this is very low for birds).


title: J. Paul Getty

text: Getty enjoyed collecting art and antiquities. His collection formed the basis of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California, and over $661 million of his estate was left to the museum after his death. He established the J. Paul Getty Trust in 1953. The trust is the world's wealthiest art institution. It operates the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Getty Foundation, the Getty Research Institute, and the Getty Conservation Institute.


title: Chaim Herzog

text: He was head of the Military Intelligence Directorate (Aman) in 1949-1950 and 1959-1962, and was the sixth President of Israel between 1983 and 1993.


title: Wandering albatross

text: They make many kinds of noises, such as screams, whistles, grunts and bill clapping. When they are looking for a mate, they spread their wings, wave their heads and tap their bills together. They feed at night on cephalopods, small fish, and crustaceans


title: J. Paul Getty

text: His father George Getty owned a petroleum business in Minneapolis, Minnesota. J. Paul was one of the first people in the world with a fortune estimated at over one billion U.S. dollars.


title: Chaim Herzog

text: Herzog died on 17 April 1997 in Tel Aviv, Israel from heart failure caused by pneumonia at the age of 78.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: He enrolled at the University of Southern California, then at University of California, Berkeley before graduating in 1914 from Magdalen College, Oxford with degrees in economics and political science. He spent his summers between studies working on his father's oil fields in Oklahoma. Running his own oil company in Tulsa, he made his first million by 1916. However, in 1917, he announced that he was retiring to become a Los Angeles-based playboy. Although he eventually returned to business, Getty had lost his father's respect. Just before George Franklin Getty died in 1930, he believed that Jean Paul would destroy the family company, and told him so.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: After taking a few years off from the money-making grind to enjoy spending his earnings on women, Getty returned to Oklahoma in 1919. During the 1920s he added about $3 million to his already sizable estate. His succession of marriages and divorces (three during the 1920s, five throughout his life) so distressed his father, however, that J. Paul inherited a mere $500,000 of the $10 million the senior Getty left at his death in 1930.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: Getty carefully invested his resources during the Great Depression. Getty acquired Pacific Western Oil Corporation. He began the acquisition (completed in 1953) of the Mission Corporation, which included Tidewater Oil and Skelly Oil. In 1967 the billionaire merged these holdings into Getty Oil.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: Beginning in 1949, Getty paid Ibn Saud $9.5 million in cash and $1 million a year for a 60-year concession to a tract of barren land near the border of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. No oil had ever been discovered there. After spending $30 million over four years, oil was discovered there. From 1953 onward, Getty's gamble produced a year, which contributed greatly to the fortune which made him one of the richest people in the world.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: Getty learned to speak Arabic which helped his unparalleled expansion into the Middle East. Getty owned the controlling interest in nearly 200 businesses, including Getty Oil. Associates identified his overall wealth at between $2 billion and $4 billion. It did not come easily, perhaps inspiring Getty's widely quoted remark—"The meek shall inherit the earth, but not the mineral rights."


title: J. Paul Getty

text: He moved to England in the 1950s and loved English culture (Anglophile). He lived and worked at his 16th-century Tudor estate, Sutton Place near Guildford; the traditional country house became the centre of Getty Oil and his associated companies and he used the estate to entertain his British and Arabian friends (including the British Rothschild family and numerous rulers of Middle Eastern countries). Getty lived the rest of his life in the British Isles, dying of heart failure at the age of 83 on June 6, 1976.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: He was quoted as saying "A lasting relationship with a woman is only possible if you are a business failure".


title: J. Paul Getty

text: Getty famously had a pay phone installed at Sutton Place, helping to seal his reputation as a miser. In his autobiography, he described his reasons:


title: J. Paul Getty

text: Getty placed dial-locks on all the regular telephones, limiting their use to authorised staff, and the coin-box telephone was installed for others. When speaking in a televised interview with Alan Whicker, Getty said that he thought guests would want to use a payphone .


title: J. Paul Getty

text: On July 10, 1973 in Rome, 16 year old John Paul Getty III was kidnapped and a ransom of $17 million was demanded over the phone for his safe return. However, "the family suspected a ploy by the rebellious teenager to extract money from his miserly grandfather." John Paul Getty II asked his father for the money, but was refused.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: In November 1973 an envelope containing a lock of hair and a human ear was delivered to a daily newspaper. The second demand had been delayed three weeks by an Italian postal strike. The demand threatened that Paul would be further mutilated unless $3.2 million was paid: "This is Paul’s ear. If we don’t get some money within 10 days, then the other ear will arrive. In other words, he will arrive in little bits."


title: J. Paul Getty

text: When the kidnappers finally reduced their demands to $3 million Getty senior agreed to pay no more than $2.2 million - the maximum that would be tax deductible. He loaned his son the remaining $800,000 at 4% interest. Paul III was found alive in southern Italy shortly after the ransom was paid. After his release Paul III called his grandfather to thank him for paying the ransom but Getty refused to come to the phone. Nine people were later arrested for the kidnapping, but only two were convicted. Paul III was permanently affected by the trauma and became a drug addict. After a stroke brought on by a cocktail of drugs and alcohol in 1981, Paul III was rendered speechless, nearly blind and partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He died thirty years later on February 5, 2011 at the age of 54.


title: J. Paul Getty

text: Getty defended his initial refusal to pay the ransom on two points. First, he argued that to submit to the kidnappers' demands would immediately place his other fourteen grandchildren at the risk of copy-cat kidnappers. He added:


title: J. Paul Getty

text: The 2017 movie "All the Money in the World" is based on these events. Christopher Plummer plays J. Paul Getty. In 2018, a television series based on the events, "Trust", premiered with Donald Sutherland playing Getty.


title: El Al

text: El Al (; ) is the national airline of Israel. It is the country's flag carrier airline. It also flies to Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. El Al serves 48 destinations. It has only one hub: Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv.


title: Euronext

text: Euronext is a stock exchange in Europe. It has buildings in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom.


title: Basophil

text: Basophils, or basophil granulocytes, are rare granulocytes. If you had 10,000 white blood cells, only 1–30 of them would be basophils.


title: Orthonectida

text: Orthonectida is a small phylum of poorly-known parasites of marine invertebrates. They are among the simplest of multi-cellular organisms.


title: Virginia Madsen

text: Virginia Madsen (born September 11, 1961) is an American actress who acts mostly in movies. Her career began in the 1980s and has included many notable television and movie roles. Her best known role was Helen in "Candyman" (1992). Madsen was born in Chicago.


title: Awk

text: Awk is a programming language usually used for data extraction—taking data (information) from sources.


title: Robert FitzRoy

text: Robert Fitzroy (5 July 1805 – 30 April 1865) was a British seaman, admiral, meteorologist and hydrographer. He was the captain of HMS Beagle in the voyage of the English naturalist Charles Darwin.


title: Osteology

text: Osteology is the scientific study of bones, practiced by osteologists. It is a part of anatomy and is used by workers in palaeontology, anthropology, and archeology.


title: El Al

text: In 1948, after a conference in Geneva, the first President of Israel had to return to Israel with a government aircraft. However, this was not possible. So a C-54 was converted into a civil aircraft and repainted with the "El Al" logo in order to bring back the President to Israel.


title: Euronext

text: Euronext was created on September 22 2000, when the stock exchanges of Amsterdam, Brussels Stock Exchange and Paris Bourse were joined together in a merger. In recent years, Euronext has become the fifth largest stock exchange on the planet.


title: Basophil

text: Basophils contain large cytoplasmic granules. When stained, the granules hide the cell nucleus from sight. However, when unstained, the nucleus is visible and it usually has two lobes.


title: Orthonectida

text: The adults are microscopic wormlike animals. They have a single layer of outer cells surrounding a mass of sex cells. They swim freely within the bodies of their hosts, which include flatworms, polychaete worms, bivalve molluscs, and echinoderms. They have separate male and female individuals.


title: Robert FitzRoy

text: In 1854, on the recommendation of Vice Admiral Francis Beaufort and the President of the Royal Society, FitzRoy was appointed as chief of a new department to deal with the collection of weather data at sea, with the title of "Meteorological Statist to the Board of Trade" and a staff of three. This was the forerunner of the modern Meteorological Office.


title: Osteology

text: Osteology studies the skeleton, and other bony structures. It includes the study of the structure of bones, teeth, their function and growth. It is often used by scientists for the identification of vertebrate remains, including the age, death, sex, and development.


title: El Al

text: El Al became the official Israeli airline in 1948. The first international flight took place in 1949. It flew from Tel Aviv to Paris.


title: Basophil

text: The mast cell, another granulocyte, is similar in appearance and function. Both cell types store histamine, a chemical that is secreted by the cells when stimulated. However, they come from different cell lines. Mast cells usually do not circulate in the blood stream, but instead stay in connective tissue. Like all circulating granulocytes, basophils go from the blood into a tissue when needed.


title: Orthonectida

text: When they are ready to reproduce, the adults are released from the host, and sperm from the males penetrates the bodies of the females to achieve fertilisation. The resulting zygote develops into a ciliated larva that escapes from the mother to seek out new hosts. Once it finds a host, the larva loses its cilia and develops into a syncytial plasmodium larva. This, in turn, breaks up into numerous individual cells that become the next generation of adults.


title: El Al

text: Over its history, El Al has been involved in the following incidents and accidents, involving both the aircraft actually operated by the airline and its outstations abroad. Most of these incidents are related to Palestinian terrorism, particularly in the period between 1968 and 1990, and so incidents are separated by terrorist and non-terrorist incidents. Despite these attacks, EL Al has not lost a passenger on any passenger flight since 1955.


title: Basophil

text: The name comes from the fact that these leukocytes are basophilic, i.e., they are stained by basic dyes, as shown in the illustrations.


title: Orthonectida

text: The orthonectids were originally described in 1877 as a class, and placed as an order of the phylum Mesozoa. Recent study shows that orthonectids are quite different from the rhombozoans, the other group in Mesozoa.


title: Basophil

text: How they work is not well understood. Basophils have protein receptors on their cell membrane which binds IgE, an immunoglobulin involved in macroparasite defence and allergy. They are found in unusually high numbers at sites of ectoparasite infection, for example, by ticks.


title: Alexandra Kosteniuk

text: Alexandra Kosteniuk (born Perm, Volga, 23 April 1984) is a Russian chess Grandmaster and former Women's World Chess Champion. She lost her title in 2010.


title: Ilha da Queimada Grande

text: Ilha da Queimada Grande is an island off of the coast of São Paulo state in Brazil. The island has earned the nickname of Snake Island. It is the home of the Golden Lancehead Viper ("Bothrops insularis"), one of the most venomous snakes in the world. The Brazilian Navy bans people from visiting, though some biologists and researchers are able to receive waivers to visit the island.


title: Brigitte Nielsen

text: Brigitte Nielsen (born July 15, 1963) is a Danish model and movie actress. She has performed in many movies. She is also a television personality who is involved with reality shows.


title: Dodge City

text: Dodge City is the county seat of Ford County, Kansas, United States. Named after nearby Fort Dodge, the city is famous in American culture for its history as a wild frontier town of the Old West. The 2010 census showed the city population was 27,340.


title: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

text: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (13 December 1780 in Hof – 24 March 1849 in Jena) was a German chemist. He is best known for the development of the so-called Döbereiner's lamp. This is one of the first lighters.


title: Tyrone Power

text: Tyrone Edmund Power, Jr. (May 5, 1914 – November 15, 1958) or Ty Power, was an American movie, television, radio and stage actor who appeared in dozens of movies from the 1930s to the 1950s, but is mostly known for his roles in "The Mark of Zorro", "Blood and Sand", "The Black Swan", "Prince of Foxes", "The Black Rose", and "Captain from Castile".


title: Republic of German-Austria

text: German Austria was the original name for Austria after its defeat in World War 1. It claimed not to be the successor of Austria-Hungary.


title: Helsinki Accords

text: The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third part of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe held in Helsinki, Finland, during 30 July – 1 August 1975.


title: Alexandra Kosteniuk

text: Kosteniuk is now ranked 31st in the current FIDE rating list for women. She is no longer playing regularly. The highest rated woman, Judit Polgar (Hungary), never plays in female events. The second highest rated woman is Humpy Koneru (India); she has never won the women's world championship.


title: Dodge City

text: In the 1880s Dodge City became a boomtown, with thousands of cattle passing annually through its stockyards. The peak years of the cattle trade in Dodge City were from 1883 to 1884. During that time the town grew tremendously. Dodge City had more famous (and infamous) gunfighters working at one time or another than any other town in the West, many of whom participated in the Dodge City War of 1883. It also boasted the usual array of saloons, gambling halls, and brothels: they were set up to separate a cowboy from his hard-earned cash. Famous were the Long Branch Saloon and the China Doll brothel.


title: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

text: Döbereiner was a professor for chemistry, pharmacy and technology at the university of Jena. He was a friend of the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.


title: Tyrone Power

text: Power was born on May 5, 1914 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Power was married to Annebella from 1939 until they divorced in 1948. He was married to Linda Christian from 1949 until they divorced in 1956. He was married to Debbie Ann Minardos from 1958 until his death in 1958. He had two children with Christian, and one with Minardos. Power died on November 15, 1958 in Madrid, Spain from a heart attack, aged 44.


title: Republic of German-Austria

text: Attempts to create German-Austria were unsuccessful, and the new state of the First Austrian Republic was created in 1919.


title: Helsinki Accords

text: All then-existing European countries as well as United States and Canada, altogether 35 participating states, signed the Final Act in an attempt to improve the détente between the Soviet bloc and the West.


title: Dodge City

text: Meat packing is the main industry in Dodge City. The city also has farm implement manufacturing, and is a supply center for area agriculture. Livestock-raising is a major activity while wheat and sorghum are the area's main crops.


title: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

text: He also studied oxidations of chemical elements. In 1832, he could oxidate formula_1 (sulfur dioxide) to formula_2 (sulfur trioxide).


title: Dodge City

text: In addition, a local tourism industry, including a casino resort, has developed to capitalize on Dodge City's history as an Old West cowtown. The service sector accounts for much of the rest of the local economy with local government, schools, retail stores, and health care providers as the city's other major employers.


title: Dodge City

text: Four U.S. Highways meet in Dodge City: U.S. Route 50, U.S. Route 56, U.S. Route 283, and U.S. Route 400. Dodge City was located on the National Old Trails Road, also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, that was established in 1912.


title: Dodge City

text: Dodge City Regional Airport is about 2 miles (3 km) east of the city. Three railroads serve Dodge City.


title: Elasticity (economics)

text: In economics, people talk about elasticity of an economic variable, usually supply or demand, in relation to another economic variable such as income or price. The elasticity of a variable is a measure of how much the variable changes in response to a change in a second variable.


title: ATP synthase

text: ATP synthase is an enzyme found in cells that makes ATP from ADP(adenosine di-phosphate) and inorganic phosphate. The ATP synthase is powered by the difference of concentration of pH between inside and outside the place where the enzyme is located. The exact mechanism in which it does so is unknown, although it is believed to work like a rotating machine.


title: Kakha Kaladze

text: Kakha Kaladze ( born 27 February 1978) is a Georgian football player. He plays for Milan and Georgia national team.


title: Tennessee Titans

text: The Tennessee Titans are a professional American football team in Nashville, Tennessee. They are currently part of the South Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). They used to be known as the Houston Oilers, and played in Houston, Texas. The team was started in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL). The Oilers won two AFL championships before joining the NFL as part of the AFL-NFL Merger.


title: Corporate tax

text: Corporate tax is tax paid by a corporation. Usually, the taxes are paid on the revenue. In the case of cooperatives, or associations the taxes may be very low.


title: Ali MacGraw

text: Elizabeth Alice "Ali" MacGraw (born April 1, 1939) is a television and movie actress. She started in movies, but changed to stage and TV acting. She received Golden Globes for "Goodbye Columbus" and "Love Story" (the earlier was in 1969, and the latter was released in 1970). Some birthdate sources say that she was born in 1938; others say 1939 or 1940.


title: Albay (province)

text: Albay (; ; ) is a province located in the Bicol Region in southeastern Luzon of the Philippines. The capital is the City of Legazpi.


title: Peptidoglycan

text: Peptidoglycan or murein is a polymer that makes up the cell walls of bacteria. It is made of many sugars (or monosaccharides), and amino acids.


title: Elasticity (economics)

text: If the price for a good with a price-elastic demand goes up, the demand for it will go down. For example, people will buy fewer DVDs if DVDs get more expensive − DVDs have a price-elastic demand.


title: Tennessee Titans

text: The team moved to the state of Tennessee in 1997. They played in Memphis for one season before moving to Nashville. For two seasons, the team was known as the Tennessee Oilers. They changed their name to the Titans in 1999.


title: Peptidoglycan

text: Peptidoglycan is made of chains of sugars. Each chain has N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, one after the other. The chains are linked to each other by 4-5 amino acids, and other sugar molecules, such as glycine.


title: Elasticity (economics)

text: If a good has a completely price-inelastic demand, the demand for it will not be affected by the price of it. For example, if the price of salt increases, people will not buy less of it. They need their daily salt intake. The demand of salt is therefore price-inelastic.


title: Elasticity (economics)

text: Elasticity is often measured in percents. If a 2% increase in price causes people to buy 1% fewer of a product, it has a price elasticity of demand of -0.5.


title: Culture shock

text: Culture shock is a feeling that people have when they are in a different place or experiencing a culture that is different from their own. Many times, the feelings that come with culture shock are confusion, feeling out of place, anxiety, and homesickness. These feelings come from adjusting to the new culture or place, which can be very difficult for some people. Adjustment is especially hard when the change of environment and culture is in a foreign country. It is difficult for people to know what is appropriate and what is not in an unfamiliar place.


title: Circuit de Catalunya

text: The Circuit de Catalunya is a racetrack in Montmeló, to the north of Barcelona, Catalonia. It is home to the Formula One Spanish Grand Prix and the motorcycle Catalonia Grand Prix. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. It is often used for off-season testing.


title: Women and Islam

text: The complex relationship between women and Islam is shown by both Islamic texts and the history and culture of the Muslim world. Islamic scholars maintain that the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, affirms women's religious and moral equality.


title: S7 Airlines

text: S7 Airlines is a Russian airline. It is the second largest airline. It was created in May 1992. Originally, it was named "Siberia Airlines". In 1994, the airline joined IATA. The airline's name was changed to "S7 Airlines" in 2005. In 2010, the airline joined Oneworld. S7 Airlines stopped flying Soviet planes in 2008. As of 2015, the airline has Airbus A319s, Airbus A320s, Airbus A321s, Boeing 737s and Boeing 767s.


title: Ksenia Sobchak

text: Ksenia Anatolyevna Sobchak (; born on November 5, 1981) is a Russian television presenter, actress and singer. Since 2004 she has been the presenter of the reality show "House 2". She is the only child of politicians Anatoly Sobchak (1937-2000) and Lyudmila Narusova (b.1951).


title: Contrail

text: A contrail (condensation trail) is a cloud-like trail of water vapor or ice crystals left by an airplane. When jet fuel burns, it produces water vapor and carbon dioxide. The water vapor condenses (turns from gas to liquid) because of the low temperature at the high altitude that the plane is flying. The chemtrail conspiracy theory claims that these trails may contain harmful chemicals being sprayed by government organizations.


title: Tracy, California

text: Tracy is the second most populated city in San Joaquin County, California, United States. The population was 82,922 at the 2010 census.


title: Carol Channing

text: Carol Elaine Channing (January 31, 1921 – January 15, 2019) was an American stand-up comedian, actress, singer, dancer and voice artist. She received three Tony Awards. Channing played Lorelei in the movie "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" and played Dolly in the movie "Hello, Dolly!".


title: Planes (movie)

text: Planes is a 2013 American 3D computer graphicas computer animated musical . Unlike the "Cars" movies (which were produced by Pixar), "Planes" was produced by DisneyToon Studios. The movie is a spin-off to the "Cars" franchise, but it did not receive the kind of success that "Cars" received. "Planes" follows a crop-duster plane Dusty Crophopper who, under Skipper's training, becomes a racer in the Wings Around the Globe rally. With a lot of patience, Dusty has to face his racing rival Ripslinger as well as many other natural obstacles that come in his way. The movie was released on August 9, 2013. It had a sequel named "", which was released in 2014.


title: First Battle of El Alamein

text: The First Battle of El Alamein was a battle during the Second World War that took place in El Alamein, Egypt. It was fought between the Allied forces, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy from July 1 to July 27 1942. It was part of the Western Desert Campaign.


title: Culture shock

text: It is important to understand and identify the symptoms of culture shock so that it can be worked through. The feelings and symptoms that are a result of culture shock are not always caused by one event alone. Many times, it is more than one event over time that leads to overwhelming feelings and emotions. Sometimes it is difficult to identify feelings and emotions as symptoms of culture shock because they can often be confused with other things. There are some different strategies for coping and working through culture shock. Keeping active, making friends with the host country’s locals, and staying positive are all good methods to improve the ability to deal with culture shock.


title: Circuit de Catalunya

text: The Circuit de Catalunya was built in 1991. It was planned to host its first race in 1992 to go with the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games were scheduled to take place in Barcelona. The circuit is often referred to as 'Barcelona' in the racing community, even though it is located in Montmeló. The Circuit de Catalunya should not be confused with the Montjuïc circuit, which hosted the Spanish Grand Prix four times between 1969 and 1975. Unlike the Circuit de Catalunya, Montjuïc circuit is actually located within the city of Barcelona.


title: Women and Islam

text: However, sharia (Islamic law) shows the marked differences between women's and men's roles, rights, and obligations, and many Muslim-majority countries give women different rights than men with regard to marriage, divorce, civil rights, legal status, dress code, and education.


title: Carol Channing

text: Channing was born Carol Elaine Channing in Seattle, Washington on January 31, 1921. When she left home to go to Bennington College, her mother told her that her father's mother was African-American.


title: First Battle of El Alamein

text: German Field Marshal Commander Erwin Rommel led the Afrika Korps. British Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck led the Eighth Army, defending El Alamein from Rommel's attacking army. Italian General Ettore Bastico was also part of the battle.


title: Culture shock

text: Reverse culture shock is like culture shock but is experienced when someone returns to their original home after being away for a long period of time. Reverse culture shock can be unexpected because people expect their home to be the same as when they left. This makes it harder for someone to readjust to the change in their home culture and environment. Usually, a longer period of time spent away from home means a longer adjustment period after returning home. Reverse culture shock can be worked through by talking with others, doing things that are a reminder of the foreign place or culture, and staying positive.


title: Circuit de Catalunya

text: Because of so much testing is done at this circuit, Formula One drivers and mechanics are extremely familiar with it. This has led to criticism that drivers and mechanics are too familiar with Catalunya, reducing the amount of on-track action.


title: Women and Islam

text: Islamic feminism is a type of feminism that focuses on women in Islam. Nawal El Saadawi is an Egyptian feminist who has written many books about women in Islam.


title: Carol Channing

text: Channing died on January 15, 2019, of complications from a stroke at her home in Rancho Mirage, California, sixteen days before her 98th birthday.


title: First Battle of El Alamein

text: The British prevented a second advance by the Axis forces into Egypt, which were 66 miles from Alexandria and dangerously close to the ports and cities of Egypt.


title: Circuit de Catalunya

text: When the circuit opened, overtaking was frequent. Cars could closely follow each other through the last two corners. They would slipstream down the long straight for a pass. As aerodynamic balance became more important, this overtaking method became less effective. The cars were unable to follow each other as close. They would encounter turbulence created by the leading car. This made it hard for a car to get close enough to pass. In the next to the last corner was replaced with a chicane. This was an effort to improve passing. The redesign did not increase the amount of overtaking.


title: Circuit de Catalunya

text: The Circuit de Catalunya also plays host to many other racing series, including Moto GP. The chicane which was put in for Formula 1 does not exist in the track layout for Moto GP, and there are at least five points on the track where riders are known to pass. As in Formula 1, turn one is the most popular place for overtaking.


title: Rennet

text: Rennet is a set of enzymes made from the stomachs of mammals. It is used in things like suet and cakes. It can also be used to make cheese.


title: Fermat number

text: A Fermat number is a special positive number. Fermat numbers are named after Pierre de Fermat. The formula that generates them is


title: President of Israel

text: The President of the State of Israel (, "Nasi Medinat Yisra'el", or , "Nasi HaMedina", literally "President of the State") is the head of state of Israel.


title: Dean Acheson

text: Dean Gooderham Acheson (pronounced ; April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer. He was a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Fermat number

text: As of 2007, only the first 12 Fermat numbers have been completely factored. (written as a product of prime numbers) These factorizations can be found at Prime Factors of Fermat Numbers.


title: President of Israel

text: The position is filled with executive power effectively being exercised by the Prime Minister. The current president is Isaac Herzog, who took office on 7 July 2021. Presidents are elected by the Knesset for a seven-year term and are limited to a single term.


title: Dean Acheson

text: Acheson was born in Middletown, Connecticut. He studied at Yale College and at Harvard Law School. He married Alice Stanley in 1917.


title: Fermat number

text: If 2 + 1 is prime, and "n" > 0, it can be shown that "n" must be a power of two. Every prime of the form 2 + 1 is a Fermat number, and such primes are called Fermat primes. The only known Fermat primes are "F"...,"F".


title: President of Israel

text: Albert Einstein, a Jew but not an Israeli citizen, was offered the presidency in 1952 but turned it down, stating "I am deeply moved by the offer from our State of Israel, and at once saddened and ashamed that I cannot accept it. All my life I have dealt with objective matters, hence I lack both the natural aptitude and the experience to deal properly with people and to exercise official functions". Ehud Olmert was reported to be considering offering the presidency to another non-Israeli, Elie Wiesel, but he was said to be "very not interested".


title: Dean Acheson

text: Acheson served as the 51st United States Secretary of State under President Harry S. Truman. He served as Secretary of State from January 1949 to January 1953. He helped defend America's foreign policy during the break of the Cold War.


title: Fermat number

text: Today, Fermat numbers can be used to generate random numbers, between 0 and some value N, which is a power of 2.


title: Dean Acheson

text: Acheson's most famous decision was convincing President Truman to intervene in the Korean War in June 1950. He also persuaded Truman to dispatch aid and advisors to French forces in Indochina, though in 1968 he finally counseled President Lyndon B. Johnson to negotiate for peace with North Vietnam.


title: Fermat number

text: Fermat, when he was studying these numbers, conjectured that all Fermat numbers were prime. This was proven to be wrong by Leonhard Euler, who factorised formula_2 in 1732.


title: Dean Acheson

text: During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President John F. Kennedy called upon Acheson for advice, bringing him into the executive committee (ExComm), a strategic advisory group.


title: Dean Acheson

text: Acheson and his wife Alice had three children; David, Jane, and Mary. He remained married to Alice until his death in 1971. He retired shortly after 1955.


title: Dean Acheson

text: Acheson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. He also won a Pulitzer Prize for History in 1970.


title: Dean Acheson

text: Acheson died in Sandy Spring, Maryland from a massive stroke. He was 78 years old. He was survived by his two surviving children, David and Mary. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C..


title: Countertenor

text: A countertenor is a male singer who uses a falsetto voice to sing high notes like a female contralto or mezzo-soprano.


title: Oni (folklore)

text: An Oni is a creature from Japanese folklore. They are described as large monsters who resemble ogres, trolls and demons. Sometimes they are described with horns usually wearing a jaguar skin loincloth and are very masculine.


title: Royal Exhibition Building

text: The Royal Exhibition Building is in Carlton, Victoria, Australia. When it was built in 1880, it was the largest building in Australia and the tallest building in Melbourne. It is listed as a World Heritage site. It is the only 19th century exhibition hall that held an international exhibition still in use. In 1880, 1.8 million people visited the exhibition; the population of Melbourne was only 282,000 people. From 1901 to 1925 the state government of Victoria used the building while the federal government used the State Parliament buildings.


title: Carmina Burana

text: Carmina Burana is the name given to a collection of texts from the 11th and 12th century. There are over 240 texts in the collection, most of them written in Latin, some in Middle High German. Most of the texts are moral or satirical in nature. There are also texts about spring, or about love. Some of them are drinking songs, some of them were used as Minnesang. Some of the songs contain hints for the melodies. For some, the melodies can be reconstructed.


title: Qatif

text: Qatif or Al-Qatif is a governorate and urban area in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It goes from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south. It is from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west.


title: Pringles

text: Pringles is an American brand of stackable potato chips. It was first made by Procter & Gamble in 1967. The brand was sold to Kellogg's in 2012. As of 2011, Pringles are sold in more than 140 countries.


title: Pulitzer Prize for Fiction

text: This prize is given in the United States. There are several other Pulitzer Prizes. The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is for writing by an American author. Usually this writing is about American life. It started as the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, which was awarded between 1918 and 1947.


title: Heap (data structure)

text: In computer science, a heap is a type of tree (data structure) that satisfies the heap property. Heaps are useful when you need to remove the item with the highest (or lowest) value. A common implementation of a heap is the binary heap in which the tree is a complete binary tree.


title: 1915 Çanakkale Bridge

text: The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge (), also known as the Dardanelles Bridge (), is a road suspension bridge in the Province of Çanakkale in northwestern Turkey. It is south of the towns of Lapseki and Gelibolu. The bridge is on the Dardanelles strait. It is about south of the Sea of Marmara.


title: Countertenor

text: Countertenors were used a lot in the Renaissance and Baroque periods when females were not allowed to sing in church choirs. They did not have big, dramatic voices like castrati, so they were not normally used in opera. People forgot about this way of singing in the 18th and 19th centuries, although male altos continued to sing in English cathedral and church choirs. In the 20th century an English countertenor called Alfred Deller became very famous. He sang many songs from the Baroque period that had been written for the countertenor voice, for example songs by Henry Purcell who sang countertenor himself. Today there is a lot of interest again in using this type of voice for performing early music like Renaissance and Baroque music.


title: Royal Exhibition Building

text: In 2009, archaeologists dug up the car park to find out more about the buildings. They found paths from gardens that had been on the site before the building was put up. They also found the remains of an octagonal (eight-sided) kiosk which had sold food snacks and drinks in the gardens. They also found the remains of an extra building put up in 1888 to hold military weapons that were part of the 1880 exhibition.


title: Carmina Burana

text: The texts were written down around 1230. This happened either in an abbey in Styria, or near Brixen. They were discovered by Johann Christoph von Aretin in Benediktbeuern Abbey in 1803. Today, they are in the Bavarian State Library in Munich. There they can be found there as Codex Buranus, with the signature clm 4660/4660a.


title: Qatif

text: Qatif is one of the oldest towns in the eastern side of the Arabian peninsula. Its history goes back to 3500 BC. Qatifi people used to work as merchants, farmers, and fishers. Now most of Qatifi's people are working in oil, industry, public services, education and health care sectors.


title: Pringles

text: Pringles are known for their packaging, which is made up of a cardboard tube with a plastic lid on top. It is also known for the logo, which has a drawing of a man with a large mustache. The shape of the chips themselves are a special shape called a hyperbolic paraboloid, so if you look at it from the side it can look like it curves up, but looking at it from another side makes it curve down!