title: Alice Walker

text: Walker and her daughter grew apart. Rebecca felt herself to be more of "a political symbol... than a cherished daughter". She published a memoir called "Black White and Jewish", about the complexities of her parents' relationship and her childhood. Rebecca recalls her teenage years when her mother would go to her far-off writing studio while “I was left with money to buy my own meals and lived on a diet of fast food.” Since the birth of Rebecca’s son Tenzin, her mother has not spoken to her. Rebecca has learned that she was cut out of her mother’s will in favor of a distant cousin.


title: Alice Walker

text: In 2011 shooting began on "Beauty in Truth", a documentary film about Walker's life directed by Pratibha Parmar.


title: Alice Walker

text: Walker is a feminist. She made the word womanist for African American feminism against female genital mutilation.


title: Indian mackerel

text: The Indian mackerel ("Rastrelliger kanagurta") is a species of mackerel in the scombrid family (family Scombridae) of order Perciformes. It is commonly found in the Indian and West


title: Indian mackerel

text: Pacific oceans, and their surrounding seas. It is an important food fish and is commonly used in South and South-East Asian cuisine. It is the ""National fish of India"."


title: Indian mackerel

text: It is known by various names, such as 'Kembung' in Indonesia, "Bangda"(बांगडा) in Marathi, "Aiyla"(അയല, ഐല) in Malayalam, "Kumula" (குமுளா) or "Kanaangeluthi" (கானாங்கெளுத்தி) in Tamil and "Bangude" (ಬಂಗುಡೆ) in Tulu, Konkani and Kannada.


title: Dnepropetrovsk maniacs

text: The Dnepropetrovsk maniacs is a media name for two serial killers from Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, who caused 21 murders in June and July 2007. The murderers are named Viktor Sayenko (born March 1, 1988) and Igor Suprunyuck (born April 20, 1988). They gained notoriety when a video recording of one of the murders was leaked to the internet. The video on the internet is often called "3guys1hammer". Sayenko and Suprunyuck were charged with murder after they were arrested. Alexander Hanzha, one of their friends, was charged with two robberies that took place before the murder spree. They were all found guilty by a court in February 2009, and Suprunyuck and Sayenko were sentenced to life imprisonment. Hanzha received nine years in prison.


title: Dnepropetrovsk maniacs

text: The leaked internet video shows the murder of a 48-year-old man named Sergei Yatzenko. He is shown lying on his back in a wooded area, and is struck many times in the face with a hammer that is held inside a yellow plastic bag. Suprunyuck pokes out Yatzenko's eyes, and stabs him in the abdomen with a screwdriver. He is then struck with the hammer again in order to ensure that he is dead. The attack lasts over four minutes, during which the victim slips in and out of consciousness. During the video, Suprunyuck is shown smiling at the camera.


title: Pachycephalosauria

text: The Pachycephalosaurs are a group of ornithopod dinosaurs in the suborder Cerapoda. Their thick round skulls were used for defence and, probably, for mating contests. They were bipedal herbivores.


title: Pachycephalosauria

text: In some species, the skull roof is domed and several inches thick; in others it is flat or wedge-shaped.The flat-headed pachycephalosaurs are usually regarded as distinct species or even families, but they may be juveniles of dome-headed adults. The domes were often surrounded by nodes and/or spikes.


title: Pachycephalosauria

text: There is evidence of head-butting in pachycephalosaurs. Of 100 domes studied, 20 percent showed signs of healed injuries. The pathologies included pitting where the bone had become infected from wounds that originated in the skin. These findings suggest that pachycephalosaurids may have been using their heads for both display and defence as many modern animals do.


title: Pachycephalosauria

text: Competition for mates is the usual reason why adult males fight. Competition for territory is another possibility. There are many examples of both in mammalian fighting. And the head could be used as defence against predators.


title: Rlogin

text: In computing, rlogin is a Unix program that allows users to log in on another host using a network. rlogin uses TCP port 513. It was first distributed as part of the 4.2BSD release. rlogin is also the name of the application layer protocol used by the software, also the protocol is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.


title: Rlogin

text: Due to its serious problems, rlogin was rarely used across untrusted networks (like the public internet), and rlogin distributions are no longer included by default with many Unix and Linux distributions. Many networks which were depending on rlogin and telnet have replaced it with SSH and the "rlogin secured equivalent" slogin.


title: History of Russia

text: The history of Russia begins with the East Slavs, Turkic, and the Finno-Ugric peoples. Parts of Southern Russia around the Black sea were settled by Greeks and Romans until about the 3rd century. Huns and Turkic tribes invaded the regions around the Black sea until the 10th century. Eastern Slavs then immigrated to the region. Vikings created the Kievan Rus. In the 13th century, Mongols conquered the region and created the Golden Horde. The Mongols ruled until the 15th century. The tsardom of Russia and Russian empire were then created. Poland-Lithuania invaded Moscow, but Russia eventually drove them out. Russia expanded more west and east into Siberia. Napoleon tried to invade Russia during the winter but failed. Russia fought against Germany in WW1. In 1917, the October Revolution happened, and the communists led by Lenin created the Soviet Union. In WW2, Hitler also failed to invade Russia. Russia occupied East Germany, Poland, and most of East Europe during the Cold War. It became a big rival of the United States. In the 1990s, the Union ended, with things like the Yugoslavia revolution, and became modern Russia. In 2014 Russia annexed Crimea from the Ukraine and faced sanctions from US and others because of it.


title: History of Russia

text: In the 8th century BCE, Greek merchants migrated to Tanais and Phanagoria. The Bosporan Kingdom (a Greek kingdom) became part of the Roman Empire. In the 2nd century AD Germanic Goths migrated to the Black Sea. In the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, the Gothic Oium existed in Southern Russia until it was conquered by Huns.


title: History of Russia

text: Between the 3rd and 6th centuries AD, the Bosporan Kingdom was also invaded by Eastern nomads like the Huns and Turkish Avars.


title: History of Russia

text: A Turkic people, the Khazars, conquered the lower Volga basin steppes between the Caspian and Black Seas up to the 8th century. They were known for their laws, tolerance, and cosmopolitanism. The Khazars traded with the Baltic and the Muslim Abbasid empire centered in Baghdad. They were important allies of the Byzantine Empire, and helped win wars against Arab Caliphates. In the 8th century, the Khazars became Jewish.


title: History of Russia

text: Some of the ancestors of the modern Russians were the Slavic tribes. They came from the forests of the Pripet Marshes. The Early East Slavs gradually settled Western Russia by moving from Kyiv towards present-day Suzdal and Murom and then from Polotsk towards Novgorod and Rostov.


title: History of Russia

text: From the 7th century onwards, East Slavs were the majority of Western Russia. They mixed slowly and peacefully with the native Finno-Ugric tribes, such as the Merya, the Muromians, and the Meshchera.


title: History of Russia

text: The Cyrillic alphabet, invented in modern Bulgaria in the 9th century, also spread during this period.


title: History of Russia

text: Vikings or Varangians did piracy and trade throughout Northern Europe. In the mid-9th century, they conquered the eastern Baltic to the Black and Caspian Seas. A Varangian named Rurik became ruler of Novgorod in about 860, before they moved south and conquered Kyiv, which had been previously belonged to the Turkic Khazars. Rurik's son Igor and Igor's son Sviatoslav then conquered the East Slavic tribes, destroyed the Khazar khaganate, and fought wars against Byzantium and Persia.


title: History of Russia

text: Thus, Rus' was born in the 9th century along the Dnieper River valley. The Kievan Rus' controlled the trade for furs, wax, and slaves between Scandinavia and the Byzantine Empire along the Volkhov and Dnieper Rivers.


title: History of Russia

text: Near the 11th century, the Norse ruling class mixed with the Eastern Slavs. The Slavs absorbed Greek Christian influences when trying to loot Constantinople. Svyatoslav I claimed victory in one such campaign; he also defeated the Khazars on the Volga. The Byzantine Empire was declining but would influence Russia culturally.


title: History of Russia

text: For example through the Byzantine, the Kievan Rus' introduced the Slavic variant of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity. They became Christian in 988.


title: History of Russia

text: By the 11th century, Yaroslav the Wise helped improve the economy and literature. The Russian language was not that influenced by Greek and Latin. Church Slavonic was used directly in liturgy instead.


title: History of Russia

text: A nomadic Turkic people, the Kipchaks (or Cumans), replaced earlier Pechenegs in the south steppe at the end of the 11th century. They founded a nomadic state along the Black Sea (Desht-e-Kipchak). The Kipchaks and Kyivans fought.


title: History of Russia

text: The Rus were conquered by the Mongol Golden Horde in the 13th century. Kyiv was destroyed. Halych-Volhynia would eventually be absorbed into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, while the Mongol-dominated Vladimir-Suzdal and independent Novgorod Republic became the basis for modern Russia.


title: History of Russia

text: In 1223, the disunited southern princes faced a Mongol raiding party at the Kalka River and were soundly defeated. In 1237–1238 the Mongols burnt down the city of Vladimir (4 February 1238) and other major cities of northeast Russia, defeated the Russians at the Sit' River, and then moved west to conquer Poland and Hungary. By then they had conquered most of Russia.


title: History of Russia

text: The Mongols destroyed the cities. Some, like Kyiv and Vladimir, never recovered. The new cities of Moscow, Tver and Nizhny Novgorod began to compete for hegemony in the Mongol-dominated Russia. The Golden Horde was established in the 14th century. Mongol domination of the Russia, along with demands of tribute from Russian princes, continued until about 1480.


title: History of Russia

text: After the fall of the Turkic Khazars in the 10th century, the Volga were conquered by the Volga Bulgaria, part of Greater Bulgaria. In the 10th century the Turks converted to Islam and traded with the Middle East and Central Asia. After the Mongol invasions of the 1230s, Volga Bulgaria was annexed by the Golden Horde. Its population evolved into the modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars.


title: History of Russia

text: The Mongols controlled Russia and Volga Bulgaria from their western capital at Sarai, one of the largest cities of the medieval world. Russian princes had to pay tribute to the Mongols of the Golden Horde, commonly called Tatars. The Russian Orthodox Church even experienced a revival under the Metropolitan Alexis and Sergius of Radonezh.


title: History of Russia

text: The Mongols influenced Russian military tactics and transportation. Under Mongol occupation, Russia developed its postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.


title: History of Russia

text: The Mongol rulers gave them the title of Grand Prince of Moscow and made them collect tribute from the Russian principalities. Moscow became the center of the Russian Orthodox Church.


title: History of Russia

text: In the 15th century, the princes of Moscow continued to consolidate Russian land to increase their population and wealth. The most successful one was Ivan III, who laid the foundations for the Russian nation. Ivan competed with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for control over the upper Dnieper and Oka River basins.


title: History of Russia

text: Ivan III was able to annex Novgorod and Tver. As a result, the Grand Duchy of Moscow tripled in size.


title: History of Russia

text: Ivan then overthrew the ruling Tatars and Golden Horde, now divided into several Khanates and hordes. Ivan wanted to protect the southern borders from the Crimean Tatars and other Turko-Mongol armies. He built Great Abatis Belt, gave land to nobles in exchange for military service. This expanded the army.


title: History of Russia

text: Ivan III tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus', revived the Moscow Kremlin. But he was also anti-Catholic and isolated Russia from western civilization.


title: History of Russia

text: "Ivan the Terrible" increased the powers of the tsar. He got rid of many people he did not like for the smallest things. But he helped develop Russia and adapt new laws and decreased the influence of the church.


title: History of Russia

text: Ivan annexed the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia. Russia now had Muslim Tatar populations and became a multiethnic and multiconfessional state. The Stroganov family also controlled the Urals and hired Russian Cossacks to colonize Siberia.


title: History of Russia

text: Ivan divided Russia and created the "oprichnina." There Ivan killed nobles in the Massacre of Novgorod in 1570. Military losses, disease, and lack of food weakened Russia. The Crimean Tatars were able to loot central Russian and burn down Moscow in 1571. In 1572 Ivan stopped.


title: History of Russia

text: There then were many civil wars and foreign invasions known as the "Time of Troubles" (1606–13). Extremely cold summers (1601–1603) destroyed crops, which led to the Russian famine of 1601–1603 and increased the chaos.


title: History of Russia

text: During the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618), Polish–Lithuanian forces invaded Moscow and appointed puppet rulers.


title: History of Russia

text: Russia expanded a lot during the 17th century, including the first Russian colonization of the Pacific in the mid-17th century, the Russo-Polish War (1654–67), and the Russian conquest of Siberia. Russia gained most of its territory from Siberia.


title: History of Russia

text: State Duma deputy took the power and organized Provisional government. First prince Lvov was its head. He lost popularity and Alexander Kerensky became it.


title: Tilde

text: The tilde ( ~ ) can be many things, such as a diacritic. Many languages use tildes. Two of these are Spanish and Portuguese.


title: Tilde

text: In Spanish, the tilde, which is only put over the N ( Ñ ), makes it sound like [ɲ] (like 'ny' in "canyon") instead of [n].


title: Tilde

text: The tilde also appears in Portuguese where it is used to nasalise (meaning to sound them through the nose) the vowels "a" (ã) and "o" (õ).


title: Tilde

text: The tilde is also used to denote when something is an estimate, such as ~24 meaning approximately 24.


title: Tilde

text: On most QWERTY keyboards, you can type a tilde by holding down the shift key and pressing the "`" (single back quote). This key is in the upper left corner of the keyboard, below the esc (escape) key and to the left of the key that you use to type the number 1 or an exclamation mark (!).


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966 in Gainesville, Florida) is a professional freestyle skateboarder, and considered to be one of the most influential skaters in the history of the sport. He is credited with inventing many tricks, including the flat-ground Ollie (originally called the 'ollie pop'), the kickflip (originally called "magic flips"), the Heelflip, the 360 flip, and the Ollie Impossible (more often called the Impossible).


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Rodney Mullen did many of the skateboarding stunts for Christian Slater in the 1989 skateboarding movie "Gleaming the Cube". He can be seen performing in order to look like Slater. At the end credits he can be seen from an overhead view riding his skateboard with the camera zooming in on his foot work.


title: Rodney Mullen

text: Mullen has appeared in many video games related to the Tony Hawk Pro Skater (THPS) console games. These include:


title: 1999 Formula One World Championship

text: The 1999 Formula One season was the 50th edition of the championship. The champion was Mika Häkkinen. Ferrari won the constructor's championship. Michael Schumacher was injured on the first lap of the British Grand Prix at Silverstone. His brakes failed, and he broke his leg. He missed 6 races and returned at the Malaysian Grand Prix.


title: Constitution Party (United States)

text: The Constitution Party, previously known as the U.S. Taxpayers' Party, is a national political party in the United States. It promotes American nationalism, paleoconservatism, Christian values, the anti-abortion movement, and greater attention to the U.S. Constitution. It has around 100,000 members.


title: Lead(II) chloride

text: Lead(II) chloride, also known as plumbous chloride and lead dichloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is PbCl. It contains lead and chloride ions. The lead is in the +2 oxidation state. Its use may lead to lead poisoning.


title: Lead(II) chloride

text: Lead(II) chloride is a colorless crystalline solid. It does not dissolve well in water. It can dissolve in solutions that have chloride ions in them. It reacts with molten sodium nitrite to make lead(II) oxide.


title: Lead(II) chloride

text: Lead(II) chloride is made by reacting sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid with lead nitrate. It can also be made by reacting lead(IV) oxide with hydrochloric acid. It can also be made by reacting chlorine with lead.


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: Evening Prayer (often called Evensong), in the Anglican Church, is the traditional service when people come to church to worship in the late afternoon or early evening. In cathedrals in Britain and in some of the old university chapels it is a service that is sung by a choir nearly every day of the week (there is usually one day of the week when there is no choir and everything is spoken). In cathedrals it is usually just the choir and the priests who sing, while the congregation listen. There is sometimes one hymn at the end in which the congregation can join in. Evensong in churches will have more singing for the congregation to join in.


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: The form of Evensong used today was developed by Thomas Cranmer in the 16th century. There were two kinds of services, called "vespers" and "compline" that used to be sung every day by monks in monasteries. Cranmer took some of the words that were used in both these services and made today's form of Evening Prayer (Evensong).


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: The main idea in Evensong is the celebration of the incarnation of Christ: this is the story about Christ coming to the world in the form of a person and living among people. The words of the Magnificat and the Nunc Dimittis are always used in the service. The Magnificat is the song that Mary sang when she was told that she was going to have a baby who would be God’s son. The Nunc Dimittis is the song that was sung by the priest Simeon who had been promised by God that he would live long enough to see Jesus. Both these sets of words are from the New Testament.


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: Many churches now use the words from "Common Worship" or some other modern prayer book for their services. However, when Evensong is sung by a choir the words used are usually from the old traditional "Book of Common Prayer" (1662). This is because, for more than four centuries, so much great music has been composed that uses these words.


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: Because there is no communion at evensong, the service can be led by a layperson (someone who is not a “qualified” priest).


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: The organist usually plays some organ music before and after the service. On Sundays there may be a sermon.


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: In churches the Magnificat and the Nunc dimittis (canticles), like the psalm, are often sung to a chant. This is a tune which repeats itself for every verse or every two verses and is sung to the natural rhythm in which it would be spoken. In cathedrals, or in churches with a good choir, the two canticles are sung to special music (like an anthem) composed by some well-known composer. There is usually an organ accompaniment.


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: Many composers, especially Anglican church composers, wrote settings (music) for these two canticles (which choir members often called “Mag and Nunc”). Such composers include Edward Bairstow, Herbert Brewer, Orlando Gibbons, Herbert Howells, Henry Purcell, Charles Stanford, Herbert Sumsion, Thomas Tallis, Thomas Weelkes, Samuel Wesley and many others. Some of the composers wrote several settings. This is why different settings are often identified by the key they are in, e.g. Stanford in G, Stanford in C etc. Sometimes they can be identified by the cathedral for which they were written. Herbert Howells, for example, wrote Mag and Nunc settings for several cathedrals and chapels. These can be identified by calling them: Howells’ Gloucester Service, Collegium Regale (=King’s College, Cambridge) etc.


title: Evening Prayer (Anglican)

text: In a sung evensong the choir will also sing an "introit" which is a very short piece at the beginning of the service. They will sing a psalm to a chant, and there will also be an anthem.


title: Al Pacino

text: Alfredo James "Al" Pacino (born April 25, 1940) is an American actor. He has won an Academy Award for Best Actor an Emmy Award, and two Tony Awards. He is known for movie roles in "Scarface" and "The Godfather". Pacino is the co-president, along with Ellen Burstyn and Harvey Keitel, of the Actors Studio.


title: Al Pacino

text: Pacino has three children. The eldest, Julie Marie (born 1989), is his daughter with acting coach Jan Tarrant. He also has twins, son Anton James and daughter Olivia Rose (born 2001), with actress Beverly D'Angelo. They had a relationship from 1996 to 2003. Pacino had a relationship with Diane Keaton, his co-star in the Godfather Trilogy. Other women he has had relationships with include Tuesday Weld, Marthe Keller, Kathleen Quinlan and Lyndall Hobbs. Pacino has never married.


title: Al Pacino

text: Pacino has been nominated and has won many awards during his acting career. These include eight Oscar nominations (winning one), 15 Golden Globe nominations (winning four), five BAFTA nominations (winning two), two Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on television, and two Tony Awards for his work on the stage. In 2007, the American Film Institute awarded Pacino with a lifetime achievement award. In 2003 British television viewers voted Pacino as the greatest movie star of all time in a poll for Channel 4.


title: Liverwort

text: The liverworts are a group of simple plants. Scientists believe that liverworts were the first bryophyte to evolve. They believe that mosses, hornworts, and more complex plants then evolved from liverworts. Scientists decided this from mitochondrial DNA.


title: Liverwort

text: Liverworts are usually placed in the bryophytes, a group of plants without tissue to conduct water. That is why they always need to live near a spring, a river, or in a place where there is a lot of fog or has a lot of rainfall. This group also includes with mosses and hornworts. Recent taxonomy gave them their own division called the Marchantiophyta. However, since the classification is not yet settled, we use the old terms.


title: Liverwort

text: Liverworts, as the picture shows, are small plants with flattened bodies, or with flattened stems bearing overlapping scales.


title: Liverwort

text: The name liverwort comes from the Middle Ages, when plants were selected as medicines according to the false belief that "similia similibus curentur" (similar heals similar). The liver shape seen in the liverwort "Marchantia", for example, was boiled in wine as a medicine against liver problems. The name was then transferred to the whole group.


title: Liverwort

text: Liverworts have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle. This means that most parts of them only have one copy of DNA, like mosses. In most plants and animals, most parts have two copies of DNA. Some parts of liverworts have two copies, and they're called the sporophytes. These are stalks that grow sporangia, sacs with spores inside. They're simple, and don't last long.


title: Marjing

text: Marjing () is a primordial deity in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur). He is the God of horses, polo, hockey, sports and war. The guardianship of the north eastern direction is alluded to Marjing and the other directions to Koubru (north west), Thangjing (south west) and Wangbren (south east). According to the legend, he invented the game of polo (Sagol Kangjei) and introduced it as the national game. He and his divine creature, Samadon Ayangba, reside in the top of the Heingang hills.


title: Marjing

text: According to the Leithak Leikharol PuYa, God Marjing (mentioned as ""Maraching"") originated from the intestines of Atiya Sidaba. He was created to control Samadon Ayangba, the divine horse (). The horse was created from the foot of Ashiba (Sanamahi).


title: Marjing

text: God Marjing is one of the five gods who enter into the human body and position themselves as one of the souls. Marjing dwells in the heart of human body. The God is also associated with Sagol Kangjei (Polo), the main sports of the Meitei people. Parratt says ""His main importance in Meitei mythology is that he is credited with the invention of polo, the national game.""


title: Marjing

text: Sagol Kangjei () is originally the game of gods. There are 7 players on each side. They used "Kangdrum" (a ball made from bamboo root). This is what the human beings imitate from them. The first divine polo match was played during the festival of Lai Haraoba.


title: Marjing

text: During the Lai Haraoba festival, a maibi (priestess) performs a ritual in the form of a mime. She holds a mallet in her hand and enacts the game of polo.


title: Marjing

text: Every year, in the top of the Heingang Hills, devotees offer polostick (, ) and bamboo-root-ball () to God Marjing. This is done even when any animal in one's house become sick.


title: Marjing

text: In 1618 AD, during the reign of King Khagemba, a public worship took place at his abode and also at every watery place on the river side. Wild boars, ducks, cocks, hen, pigeons and other creatures were offered to God Marjing. This was recorded in the Cheitharol Kumbaba.


title: Dutch East Indies

text: The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, was the Dutch colony that is now modern Indonesia. The main city was Batavia, now called Jakarta.


title: Dutch East Indies

text: It was made from the colonies of the Dutch East India Company that came under the control of the Netherlands in 1800.


title: Dutch East Indies

text: In the Java War (1741–1743), Chinese rebels worked with Javanese Muslim rebels who forcibly circumcised Dutch men and enslaved Dutch women and children.


title: Dutch East Indies

text: During World War II it was part of the Japanese Empire. In 1945 the Japanese had surrendered their colonies in the pacific, thus losing control of Indonesia, and Indonesian leaders made a declaration of independence. They fought a war of independence until the Netherlands gave Indonesia sovereignty in December 1949.


title: Columbian Exchange

text: The Columbian Exchange, sometimes called the Grand Exchange was the exchange of goods and ideas from Europe, Africa, and Asia and goods and ideas from the Americas. It also spread different diseases. It started in 1492 when Christopher Columbus arrived in the West Indies (North America).


title: Columbian Exchange

text: This exchange of plants and animals changed European, American, African, and Asian ways of life. Foods that had never been seen before by people became a major part of what they ate. For example, before 1492, no potatoes were grown outside of South America. By the 1840s, Ireland was so dependent on the potato that a diseased crop led to the devastating Irish Potato Famine. The first European import to the Americas, the horse, changed the lives of many Native American tribes on the Great Plains, letting them to change to a nomadic lifestyle based on hunting bison on horseback. Italy became famous for its Tomato sauce, made from New World tomatoes, while coffee from Africa and sugarcane from Asia became the main crops of very large Latin American plantations. Also the chili and paprika from South America was introduced in India by the Portuguese and it is today an important part of Indian cuisine.


title: Columbian Exchange

text: Before the Columbian Exchange, there were no oranges in Florida, no bananas in Ecuador, no paprika in Hungary, no zucchini in Italy, no pineapples in Hawaii, no rubber trees in Africa, no cattle in Texas, no chili peppers in Thailand and India, no cigarettes in France and no chocolate in Switzerland. Even the dandelion was brought to America by Europeans for use as an herb.


title: Columbian Exchange

text: Before there was regular communication between the two hemispheres, the different types of domesticated animals and diseases were more numerous in the Old World than in the New. This partly led to the horrible effects of Old World diseases on Native American tribes. Smallpox probably caused in the highest death toll for Native Americans.


title: Shed

text: A shed is a simple, single-storey structure in a garden which is used for storage. Some people use their shed to do hobbies or as a workshop. There are many types of sheds. Some sheds are small open-sided structures with tin rooves. Some sheds are large structures framed by wood. Some sheds are made out of plastic. Sheds used on farms can be large and tall structures. Sheds can be made with metal panels attached to a metal frame, plastic or vinyl panels attached to a frame, ill-timed construction.


title: Lil' Kim

text: Kimberly Denise Jones, better known as Lil' Kim (born July 11, 1974), is an American rapper and actress. She released her first album, "Hard Core", in 1996. It was very successful. In 2001 she released a single with Christina Aguilera, Mýa, and Pink called "Lady Marmalade" for the "Moulin Rouge!" soundtrack which reached number 1 on the US" Billboard" Hot 100, making her the first female rapper to have a number 1 on the chart. It also reached number 1 in 13 other countries and won two MTV Video Music Awards and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Kim also rapped on Aguilera's 2003 single "Can't Hold Us Down". It was nominated for the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.


title: Lil' Kim

text: In 1994 Kim was a member of rap group Junior M.A.F.I.A.. The group released one album "Conspiracy" in 1995.


title: Lil' Kim

text: In 1999, Kim started her own record label, Queen Bee Entertainment. Kim left Junior M.A.F.I.A. in late 2001.


title: Lil' Kim

text: In 2003 Kim released a single called "Magic Stick". 50 Cent raps in the song. It reached number 2 in the Hot 100 and was also nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the Grammy Awards. In 2012 she did a tour of the United States, Return of the Queen Tour.


title: Lil' Kim

text: Kim released her first solo single in four years, "Looks Like Money" in 2013. On November, 29 (Black Friday), 2013 Kim is going to release a mixtape, "Hard Core 2K13". She released the first song from it, "Dead Gal Walking" Halloween 2013.


title: Wiesbaden

text: Wiesbaden (; Hessian: "Wisbade", Latin: "Aquae Mattiacae") is a German city near Frankfurt am Main. It is the capital of the federal state of Hesse. Wiesbaden is on the right (north) bank of the Rhine (German: "Rhein"), near the city of Mainz (about away from Wiesbaden centre) the opposite side of the river, and a short distance, about , from Frankfurt am Main, to the east. About 274,000 people live in the city (2005).


title: Cod

text: Cod is a teleost fish that lives in the ocean, "Gadus morhua". It is a large predator. There are about 12 different genera in its family.


title: Cod

text: Cod is an important type of fish for professional fishing. It is also popular to eat, because it is mild in taste. The livers of cods are processed to get cod liver oil. Cod is the fish of preference to use for fish and chips. Other fish, such as haddock and plaice, are also regularly eaten.


title: Cod

text: Cod has been caught and traded since the age of the Vikings. Cod in the wild is a large fish. It grows to about five feet long. The biggest one ever caught weighed about 104 pounds. Nowadays they are caught when they are much younger.


title: Dinopaws

text: Dinopaws is a British-Swedish-New America animated television series aired by 7 February 2014, it ages the children six to ten ages, 52 episodes.


title: Hunger

text: Hunger is the feeling of wanting to eat. Ghrelin is a hormone that makes people feel hungry. The opposite of hunger is called "satiety" or "fullness". Leptin causes this feeling. People can survive weeks without eating, but they will start to feel hungry after they have not eaten for a few hours. Hunger is generally considered quite uncomfortable. People who have eaten food usually will feel less hungry, or not hungry at all. People can live longer without food than without water.


title: Hunger

text: Hunger is also used to refer to people who generally have little to eat, and are therefore often hungry. This can lead to starvation.


title: Sprint

text: Sprints are short running races in athletics. They are events in which runners will not have to "pace themselves", but can run as fast as possible for the entire distance. These are often some of the more popular events in the Olympic Games. The most common distances are 60 meters, 100 meters, 200 meters ,400 meters and 1500 metres.


title: India Summer

text: India Summer (born April 26, 1975) is an American pornographic actress and nude model. She is thought to be the most productive female performer in the US pornography industry, starring in more than 1000 adult scenes.


title: India Summer

text: Summer has appeared in small roles in the television series "Reno 911!", "Sons of Anarchy", and "Dexter". She also had a role on the Showtime cable series "Girls of Sunset Place" as Marina Haze. She also appeared in "National Lampoon"'s 2007 movie "Homo Erectus".


title: Pyre

text: A pyre, also known as a funeral pyre, is a structure used for burning a body. The word "pyre" comes from the Greek word for "fire". Pyres are built outdoors. They are usually made from wood. The body is placed on top of the pyre or under it. Then the pyre is set on fire. Pyres are still used for funerals in some parts of the world. They are also used for other types of ceremonies. In those ceremonies, there is a big fire, but a body is not burned. Historically, pyres have also been used to kill people by burning them alive.


title: Pyre

text: The Hindu, Sikh, and Buddhist religions still use pyres for the cremation of dead people. This form of funeral is thousands of years old. However, it is no longer legal in many countries. The ancient Greeks and ancient Romans used funeral pyres. The Vikings also used them. Viking funeral pyres were usually built on boats floating in the sea.


title: Pyre

text: People sometimes use pyres to make a big fire or bonfire but they do not burn a real body. These types of pyres are used for celebrations or to remember a person or a special event. Pyres are often used in Guy Fawkes Night celebrations in the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries. In Denmark and Germany people light pyres to celebrate the summer solstice (the longest day of the year). People light pyres in Switzerland to celebrate their National Day.


title: Pyre

text: Farmers sometimes use pyres to destroy the bodies of dead animals. They especially use them when the animals have died of a disease. This helps prevent the spread of the disease to other animals.


title: Pyre

text: In the past, pyres were sometimes used to execute people. The people were burned while they were still alive. Often the person was tied to a stake (a very big stick) on top of the pyre. This type of execution was known as "burning at the stake". Joan of Arc died in this way.


title: Microcontroller

text: A microcontroller (abbreviated MCU or µC) is a computer system on a chip that does a job. It contains an integrated processor, memory (a small amount of RAM, program memory, or both), and programmable input/output peripherals, which are used to interact with electronic components connected to the chip. A microcontroller is different than a microprocessor, which only contains a CPU (the kind used in a Personal Computer).


title: Microcontroller

text: First released in 1971 by the Intel company, microcontrollers began to become popular in their first few years. The extremely useful Intel 8008 microprocessor was then released, but it was still impractical because of high cost for each chip. These first microcontrollers combined different types of computer memory on one unit. After people began to see how useful they were, micro controllers were constantly being upgraded, with people trying to find new ways to make them better. Cost was reduced over time and by the early 2000s, microcontrollers were widely used across the world.


title: Microcontroller

text: Other terms for a microcontroller are embedded system and embedded controller, because the microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into, or embedded in, a single chip.


title: Microcontroller

text: In addition to the usual arithmetic and logic elements of a general microprocessor, the microcontroller also has additional elements such as RAM for data storage, read-only memory for program storage, flash memory for permanent data storage, and other devices (peripherals).


title: Microcontroller

text: Microcontrollers often operate at very low speed compared to microprocessors used in smartphones and personal computers. Clock speeds may be as little as 32 kHz, but this is useful for typical applications. They consume very little power (milliwatts or even micro watts).


title: Microcontroller

text: Microcontrollers are used in automatic products and devices, such as car engine systems, remote controls, machines, appliances, power tools, and toys. These are called embedded systems. Microcontrollers can also be found at work in solar power and energy harvesting, anti-lock braking systems in cars, and have many uses in the medical field as well.


title: Microcontroller

text: Like other integrated circuits, microcontrollers are designed on special masks, and are later treated with ultraviolet light, which creates special traces (usually made out of silicon) that build up different parts of the integrated circuit. Modern microcontrollers may use technology producing silicon traces as small as 2µm.


title: Yelle

text: Yelle (born Julie Budet, January 17, 1983) is a French singer and rapper from the city of Saint-Brieuc. She became famous from MySpace.com when she uploaded a song called "Short Dick Cuizi". With her producer who is also a close friend called GrandMarnier, Yelle has recorded her first album called "POP-UP", after her hit single "Je Veux Te Voir". She was also featured on Fatal Bazooka's song "Parle à ma main" in 2007. As of October 2007, she opened for Mika during his European tour. In February 2008, she performed the song "A cause des Garçons" on the BBC Three programme "Lily Allen and Friends". The programme said that this was her first appearance on UK television.


title: Severus Snape

text: Severus Snape is a character from J.K. Rowling's fictional book series Harry Potter. Snape is the Potions master at Hogwarts in the series. He is also known to be a Death Eater but after Voldemort started hunting James Potter and Lily J. Potter, the woman Snape had loved since he was a child, he asked Albus Dumbledore to find a safe place for the Potters to hide because he knew Voldemort wanted to kill their son, Harry Potter. As Dumbledore was not able to save the Potters, Snape's sorrow was extremely deep, he gained Dumbledore's trust. Snape was loyal to Dumbledore after this event. Snape killed Dumbledore in the sixth book on Dumbledore's request. Voldemort believed Snape killed him because Voldemort had planned Snape to do that. Snape had let it slip in the third book that Remus Lupin was a werewolf.


title: Severus Snape

text: Snape didn't kill himself after Lily's death only because of the promise that he made to Dumbledore about protecting Harry and the cause Lily had died for. Just before Snape's death in the seventh book Snape asks Harry to do a last thing for him, he asked Harry to take his tears and put them in the Pensieve to discover Snape’s real story.


title: Severus Snape

text: The last thing Snape's eyes ever saw were Lily's green eyes. Later, Harry Potter and Ginny Weasley named their youngest son after Albus Dumbledore and Severus Snape. Harry confesses to his son Albus Severus that Severus Snape was the bravest man at Slytherin house he ever knew even though while still at school, Snape had been the teacher that Harry had hated the most because of Snape's bad behaviour towards Harry. Snape was so mean to Harry because of Harry's father, James Potter, that had bullied Snape while they were at Hogwarts. Snape was more than a cruel, heartless Death Eater but rather a brave and tragic victim to the perils of love in the reign of a power obsessed and heartless dictator.


title: Sienna Miller

text: Sienna Rose Diana Miller (born December 28, 1981) is a British-American actress, model and fashion designer. She has starred in "Layer Cake", "Alfie", "Factory Girl", and "The Edge of Love". She was nominated for the Orange Rising Star Award in 2008.


title: Sienna Miller

text: Miller was born on December 28, 1981 in New York City, United States to a South African mother and American father. She has lived in England for most of her life and has dual citizenship - American and British.


title: Sienna Miller

text: Before her professional acting career, Miller worked as a photographic model. She signed with Tandy Anderson of Select Model Management London. She modeled for Coca-Cola, Italian "Vogue", and posed topless in the 2003 Pirelli Calendar. Miller signed a two-year contract with Pepe Jeans London. The jeans ad campaign first appeared in magazines March 2006. In February 2009, Hugo Boss Fragrances said that Miller would be the new ambassador for their "BOSS Orange" women's perfume.


title: Sienna Miller

text: Miller's had a relationship with Jude Law, her co-star from "Alfie". On Christmas Day 2004, they became engaged. On July 8, 2005, Law issued a public apology to Miller for having an affair with the nanny of his children. After trying to mend their relationship, Miller and Law finally separated the following November.


title: Sienna Miller

text: In 2008, Miller had a highly publicized affair with married actor Balthazar Getty. Miller later sued two British tabloids over the publication of photos showing her and Getty together.


title: Sienna Miller

text: She was in a relationship actor Tom Sturridge between 2011 and 2015. They have a daughter, Marlowe Ottoline, born in July 2012.


title: Landform

text: A landform is a word that describes a form of land. Each type of landform is defined by its size, shape, location, and what it is made of. The scientific study of landform is called geomorphology.


title: Landform

text: Landforms made by erosion and weathering usually occur in coastal or fluvial areas, and many are listed under those headings. Some other erosion landforms that are not listed in those categories include:


title: Computational complexity theory

text: Computational complexity theory is a part of computer science. It looks at algorithms, and tries to say how many steps or how much memory a certain algorithm takes for a computer to do. Very often, algorithms that use fewer steps use more memory (or the other way round: if there is less memory available, it takes more steps to do). Many interesting algorithms take a number of steps that is dependent on the size of the problem.


title: Computational complexity theory

text: Complexity theory also looks at how a problem changes if it is done for more elements. A problem of constant complexity class is the only class in which this is not true. A problem with constant complexity takes the same number of steps to complete no matter the size of the input or the number of elements it is computed on. Broadcasting a message can be thought of as a problem of constant complexity. No matter how many people need to receive a message, all can listen on to one single broadcast with no extra broadcasts needed.


title: Computational complexity theory

text: Mowing the lawn can be thought of as a problem with linear complexity. Mowing an area that is double the size of the original takes twice as long.


title: Computational complexity theory

text: Suppose you want to know which of your friends know each other. You have to ask each pair of friends whether they know each other. If you have twice as many friends as someone else, you have to ask four times as many questions to figure out who everyone knows. Problems that take four times as long when the size of the problem doubles are said to have quadratic complexity.


title: Computational complexity theory

text: This is often the complexity for problems that involve looking things up, like finding a word in a dictionary. If the dictionary is twice as big, it contains twice as many words as the original to compare to. Looking something up will take only one step more. The algorithm to do lookups is simple. The word in the middle of the dictionary will be either before or after the term that needs to be looked up, if the words do not match. If it is before, the term needs to be in the second half of the dictionary. If it is after the word, it needs to be in the first half. That way, the problem space is halved with every step, until the word or definition is found. This is generally known as logarithmic complexity


title: Computational complexity theory

text: There are problems that grow very fast. One such problem is known as the Travelling salesman problem. A salesman needs to take a tour of a certain number of cities. Each city should only be visited once, the distance (or cost) of the travelling should be minimal, and the salesman should end up where he started. This problem has exponential complexity. There are n factorial possibilities to consider. Adding one city (from n to n+1) will multiply the number of possibilities by (n+1). Most of the interesting problems have this complexity.


title: Typography

text: Typography is the practical art of arranging how the printed word appears on the page. Typography was born when print was born. Early types were based on the letterforms of scribes, and the letters cut into Trajan's Column ("monumental inscriptions"). Later, gradually, type designs were based on the special needs of books, pamphlets, newspapers and advertisements.


title: Typography

text: Typography includes not only letters, but all the set of symbols in a font, and it includes the overall design of a page or document. It applies to any medium which may be read; therefore it includes text on computer screens. A typographer may design type, select fonts, and design the layout of pages and books. The term does not cover the act of printing itself, though many of the early printers were themselves typographers.


title: Typography

text: A traditional aim of the typographer would be to produce a page which is, above all, "legible" and "attractive" to read, without its being obtrusive. For display typography, such as advertising, the display must be "noticed" before it is read. This had led to the development of many display typefaces which are highly visible, and which are available in large sizes.


title: Dairy product

text: Dairy products are foods that are made from animal milk. Usually, they are made from the milk of cows and goats, but they can be made from the milk of other animals as well.


title: Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby

text: Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, KG, PC (29 March 1799–23 October 1869) was an English statesman. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times. To date, Derby was the longest serving leader of the Conservative Party. Derby is one of only four British Prime Ministers to have been in office three or more times. However each time he was only in office for less than two years. Derby was Prime Minister for a total of just over four years, less than many other Prime Ministers.


title: Analysis

text: Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), though "analysis" as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.


title: Analysis

text: The word comes from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις ("analusis", "a breaking up", from "ana-" "up, throughout" and "lysis" "a loosening").


title: Anemia

text: "Dimorphic anemia" means two types of anemia at the same time. For example, macrocytic hypochromic, due to hookworm infestation leading to not enough of both iron and vitamin B12 or folic acid or following a blood transfusion.


title: Moscow Time

text: Moscow Time is , the same time as Eastern European Summer Time, East Africa Time, and Arabia Standard Time.


title: Moscow Time

text: On 28 March 2010, Moscow Time became the time zone for the Samara Oblast in Russia, leaving Samara Time () unused.


title: Moscow Time

text: On 8 February 2011, the Russian government announced the abandonment of daylight saving time (DST) in all time zones across Russia. Moscovians set their clocks forward on 27 March 2011, and then UTC+04:00 became its standard time permanently.


title: Moscow Time

text: In July 2014, the law to observe summer time year round was abandoned, and the clock has been set to UTC+3 starting from 26 October 2014.


title: Stress management

text: Stress management is the name for a number of techniques to control the level of psychical stress situations. It is usually done to impove everyday functioning. Stress produces many physical and mental symptoms which are different in every individual situation. Stress can make physical health worse, and it can lead to clinical depression. The process of stress management is named as one of the keys to a happy and successful life in modern society Although life provides numerous demands that can prove difficult to handle, stress management provides a number of ways to manage anxiety and maintain overall well-being.


title: Louis IX of France

text: Louis IX (25 April, 1214–25 August, 1270), also called Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 to his death. He established the Parlement of Paris. After his death he was canonised (declared a saint) in 1297 by Pope Boniface VIII.


title: Louis IX of France

text: Jean de Joinville was a close friend of Louis and wrote a famous biography of the king, from which we have most of our information about him.


title: Louis IX of France

text: Two other important biographies were written by the king's confessor, Geoffrey of Beaulieu, and his chaplain, William of Chartres. While several other people wrote biographies about the king, only Jean de Joinville, Geoffrey of Beaulieu, and William of Chartres had reliable information.


title: Louis IX of France

text: Louis was born at Poissy, near Paris. He was the son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile. Louis was eleven years old when his father died on November 8, 1226. He was crowned king the same year in the cathedral at Reims. Because Louis was so young, his mother ruled France as regent while he was a child.


title: Louis IX of France

text: On May 27, 1234 Louis married Marguerite of Provence (1221 – December 21, 1295), whose sister Eleanor was the wife of Henry III of England.


title: Louis IX of France

text: At the age of 15 in 1229, Louis brought an end to the Albigensian Crusade after signing an agreement with Count Raymond VII of Toulouse.


title: Louis IX of France

text: He went on crusade twice, in his mid-30s in 1248 and then again in his mid-50s in 1270. In 1250, after initial success in his first crusade, Louis's army of 15,000 men was met by overwhelming resistance from the Egyptian army and people. Louis and his army were captured by Muslims in Egypt. Later that year, they were released. To be released, he had to give back the land that he had taken over. where he was captured. After his release from Egypt, Louis spent four years in the crusader Kingdoms of Acre, Caesarea, and Jaffe. Both crusades were complete disasters;


title: Louis IX of France

text: In 1252, Louis attempted an alliance with the Egyptians, for the return of Jerusalem if the French assisted with the subduing of Damascus. In 1253, Louis tried to seek allies from the Ismailian Assassins and the Mongols.


title: Louis IX of France

text: Louis was Catholic, and he built the "Sainte Chapelle" ("Holy Chapel") on the "Île de la Cité" in the centre of Paris. It is thought that the French monarchy was trying to establish the kingdom of France as the "new Jerusalem."


title: Louis IX of France

text: Louis IX tried to make France, which was seen as being a very religious place, a protector of the Church. It worked, and between the 12th and 13th centuries, France and the pope were very close.


title: Louis IX of France

text: During his second crusade, Louis died at Tunis, August 25, 1270, and his son, Philip III, replaced him as king. He may have died either of bubonic plague or dysentry.


title: Louis IX of France

text: The cities of San Luis Potosí in Mexico, Saint Louis, Missouri, Saint-Louis du Sénégal in Senegal, Saint-Louis in Alsace, Lake Saint-Louis in Quebec, and the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in California.


title: Flora

text: The first meaning refers Flowers ,Flower Goddess and plant life in an area or time period (especially the naturally occurring or indigenous plant life). The corresponding term for animal life is fauna.


title: Flora

text: The second meaning refers to a "book or other work" which describes the plant species in an area or time period, with the aim of allowing identification.


title: Flora

text: Plants are grouped into floras based on region, period, special environment, or climate. Regions can be geographically distinct habitats like mountain vs. flatland. Floras can mean plant life of an historic era as in "fossil flora".


title: Flora

text: Bacterial organisms are sometimes included in a flora . Other times, the terms "bacterial flora" and "plant flora" are used separately.


title: Gloucester

text: Gloucester (pronounced [ˈglɒstə]) is a city and district in the English county of Gloucestershire. It is near the Welsh border on the River Severn.


title: Gloucester

text: The annual Three Choirs Festival, which started in the eighteenth century and one of the oldest music festivals in Europe, takes place in Gloucester every third year. The other places the festival is held are Hereford and Worcester.


title: Gloucester

text: Gloucester Rugby, founded in 1873, play here. The team plays in the Guinness Premiership, the top level of English rugby. Their homeground is Kingsholm.


title: Pretzel

text: A pretzel (French: "Bretzel", Alsatian: "bradchdal", German: "Breze" or "Brezel") is a baked snack that originated in Germany. It is traditionally twisted into a unique knot-like shape. The pretzel dough is made from wheat flour and yeast. Before baking, it is dipped into "Natronlauge" (, sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) or sodium carbonate solution (NaCO)) and sprinkled with coarse salt. During baking, a Maillard reaction then gives the pretzel its characteristic brown color and distinctive flavor. In Bavaria, it is obligatory in a Weißwurst breakfast.


title: Pretzel

text: Because they are made mostly of wheat, pretzels can be problematic for people who have wheat allergy, coeliac disease, or wheat intolerances.


title: Lieutenant general

text: Lieutenant general or lieutenant-general (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG etc.), is a military rank (NATO code OF-8). It is used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second in command on the battlefield. The lieutenant general was normally subordinate to a captain general.


title: Lieutenant general

text: In modern armies, lieutenant general normally ranks directly below a general and above a major general. It is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral. In air forces with a separate rank structure, it is equivalent to air marshal. In the US Army a lieutenant general usually commands an army corps.


title: Lieutenant general

text: In a number of countries, the rank of lieutenant general is the highest army rank in use. In Latvia and Lithuania, the chief of defence is a lieutenant general. In the Irish Defence Forces and Israeli forces, the Chief of Staff holds this rank.


title: Autotroph

text: An autotroph (from Greek "autos" = self and "trophe" = nutrition) is an organism that makes organic compounds from simple molecules.


title: Autotroph

text: Autotrophs are needed in every food chain in all ecosystems. They take energy from the environment (sun light or inorganic sources) and use it to make other organic molecules that are used to carry out various biological functions such as cell growth or repairing broken tissue.


title: Autotroph

text: Plants and other organisms that carry out photosynthesis are phototrophs (or photoautotrophs). Bacteria that use inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide, phosphorus or iron are called chemoautotrophs. Other organisms, called heterotrophs, eat autotrophs.


title: Autotroph

text: There are some species that need organic compounds as a source of food, but are able to use light as a source of energy. These are not autotrophic, but heterotrophic. A mixotroph is a (micro)organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon.


title: Mathematical model

text: A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of building a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in the natural sciences (such as physics, biology, earth science, meteorology) and engineering disciplines (e.g. computer science, artificial intelligence). They are also used in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology and political science). Physicists, engineers, statisticians, operations research analysts and economists use mathematical models a lot.


title: Mathematical model

text: These and other types of models can overlap, with a given model involving a variety of abstract structures. Mathematical models can include logical models. In many cases, the quality of a scientific field depends on how well the mathematical models built on theory agree with results of repeatable experiments. When theoretical mathematical models do not match experimental measurements, scientists try to correct the model. Such corrections lead the way to better theories to explain the facts.


title: Alphonso Davies

text: Alphonso Boyle Davies (born November 2, 2000) is a Canadian-French professional footballer who plays as a left-back or winger for Bayern Munich and the Canadian national team.


title: Fred Thompson

text: Fred Dalton Thompson (Freddie Dalton Thompson; August 19, 1942 – November 1, 2015) was an American politician, actor, attorney, and lobbyist.


title: Fred Thompson

text: Thompson was born at Helen Keller Memorial Hospital in Sheffield, Alabama, He become famous during the 1970s during the Watergate Scandal because he discovered the Watergate tapes which would lead to President Richard Nixon's resignation in 1973.


title: Fred Thompson

text: He starred on "Law & Order" as Arthur Branch, the District Attorney of New York. He quit the show to run as the Republican candidate for the United States presidency in 2008, but he did not become the candidate. He was also the host of "The Fred Thompson Show", one of Westwood One's most popular talk shows.


title: Fred Thompson

text: On November 1, 2015, Thompson died from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a form of cancer, at the age of 73 in Nashville, Tennessee.


title: Agent 47

text: Agent 47 is a fictional character and the protagonist of "Hitman (video game series)" franchise. The character was created by the Danish company IO Interactive.


title: Agent 47

text: There are eight main titles featuring Agent 47. They are "Hitman: Codename 47 (2000)", "Hitman 2: Silent Assassin (2002)", " (2004)", "Hitman: Blood Money (2006)", "Hitman: Absolution (2012)," "Hitman (2016)", "Hitman 2 (2018)" and "Hitman 3 (2021)".


title: Agent 47

text: Agent 47 wears a pure black suit, black leather gloves, a white dress shirt and a red tie. The Hitman video game series allows the player to engage in stealth (sneaking) mode strategy to not direct attention to himself. Agent 47 has the ability to change what he looks like by exchanging different costumes which can be stolen from enemies or from places to make the progression easier. The outfits can come from many different NPCs.


title: Agent 47

text: Agent 47 has no hair with very white skin and blue eyes. His ICA file from states his height as 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m). In , his weight is given as . Agent 47 has a bar code tattooed on the back of his head which was very prominent in all games except for "Hitman: Absolution" where the bar code was most of the time covered in order for the character to disguise himself after it was known that Agent 47 has this bar code that could get him more notoriety.


title: Agent 47

text: His bar code is considered as a security key to access areas of the facility where he was created and trained. Although, in "Hitman: Blood Money" game failed to mention the bar code as a notable characteristic.


title: Agent 47

text: Agent 47's facial features are quite imposing, with a long face, large cheekbones, prominent brow, recessed forehead and ice blue eyes. Early in "Hitman: Absolution", 47 tries to remove his iconic bar code with a razor, but it remains visible at the end of the game.


title: Agent 47

text: Agent 47 was born on September 5, 1964 in a Romanian asylum with the number 5-901234-123457 tattooed on the back of his head in the form of a bar code. "64-05-09" refer to his date of birth, "04" indicates Series IV, "01" documents his class and "47" is the order in which he was cloned. According to the Hitman game series and the Hitman novel, Agent 47 is a genetically-enhanced clone and the culmination of decades of secret research into gene augmentation whom is of English descent. His creation was funded by five criminal masterminds who donated their own DNA to the project. In "Hitman 2: Silent Assassin", Agent 47 decided to quit killing people for money and lived in a shelter provided by Vittorio, but had to change his mind after Vittorio got kidnapped. Eventually after many missions handled successfully by 47, "Diana" brought the Agency to its knees. She flushed all accounts, cut off all communication lines, exposed the Agency and used the confusion to vanish and 47 puts an end to "Diana" handling a hit on her.


title: Agent 47

text: Even though 47 is meant to be an emotionless assassin, he shows signs of morality, seen in "Hitman 2: Silent Assassin" confessing his sins (killing people for money) to Father Vittorio. Subsequently, he is so depressed at the apparent loss of his spiritual guide that he agrees to take on the "suicide mission" of killing "Deewana Ji". He is very quiet to the point of being socially awkward which is perhaps the biggest of his very weaknesses. He prefers to stay alone and he has admiration for few people he befriends, especially "Diana" and "Vittorio".


title: Agent 47

text: Agent 47 approaches his assassinations with professionalism but will, however show no remorse or regression when it comes to killing or silencing witnesses. Agent 47 speaks in a very formal tone, a tone that shows no threat, rarely swearing or even raising his voice. Given his fees, 47 would have to be a multi-millionaire from his contract earnings but never stops going for new contracts. He only spends his money on simple things like food, suits, gear, and shelter, although he is also known to donate some of it to "Father Vittorio".


title: Agent 47

text: Agent 47 can take on hard tasks and perform physical tasks more efficiently than any average human. 47 has mastered the art of stealth. He knows how to efficiently and successfully sneak up to a victim and use his assassin fiber wire to eliminate the victim or an injection to poison the victim or knock him/her out. 47 being able to terminate multiple enemies in the same area one at a time and sneak up on almost anybody and quietly neutralize them. Agent 47 also has a lot of knowledge about disguising techniques and ways of accessing unauthorized areas of a location. He is physically strong even when compared to average adult males of his size and build; being able to climb pipes, move and dispose of bodies, snap necks, knock opponents unconscious and jump from a balcony to another balcony, spending a minimum effort. 47 also happen to be a skilled driver and seen piloting helicopters and planes.


title: Agent 47

text: Agent 47 has a special level of skill when it comes to using improvised weapons such as explosives, sniper rifles, automatic weapons and bladed weapons. Being able to hold dual pistols firing both of them at the same time whilst hitting the targets. He is a perfect marksman, so well that the newspaper in "Hitman: Blood Money" called him "Legendary Agent 47".


title: Sandra Cisneros

text: Sandra Cisneros (December 20, 1954- ) is an author from Chicago, Illinois. She is famous for her book "The House on Mango Street." It has sold six million copies and been translated into over 20 languages. Middle and high schoolers read her books in school for education uses. The House on Mango Street is a series of vignettes. A vignette is a series of stories or a brief description of something. The girl in the novel goes through childhood to adulthood changes. Sandra studied at Loyola University of Chicago and the University of Iowa. Her books are about issues between other races, classes, and genders.


title: Sandra Cisneros

text: Sandra is the second child of Alfredo Cisneros de Moral and Elvira Cordero Anguiano. They had seven children together, one girl and the rest were boys. There was one daughter but she died as a baby after giving birth. Sandra's father wants his family of boys. During her childhood, there was sexism so her father which is pushing her over the limits. Since her father Alfredo Cisneros de Moral moved the family between Mexico City and Chicago, Sandra was shy during her childhood. She doesn't make close friends for pretty long. Her mother, Elvira Cordero Anguiano, was a strong female who wanted Sandra to achieve her goal.


title: Lorna Luft

text: Lorna Luft (born November 21, 1952) is an American actress and singer. She was born in St John 's Health Center in Santa Monica, She is the daughter of singer and actress Judy Garland and producer Sidney Luft, and half-sister to singer and actress Liza Minnelli.


title: Lorna Luft

text: Luft starred in the 1981 national tour of "They're Playing Our Song" and in 1982 she played Paulette Rebchuck in "Grease 2". In 1983, she played Peppermint Patty in the Off Broadway production of "Snoopy!!! The Musical", a sequel to "You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown".


title: Lorna Luft

text: In movies, Luft has appeared in "Grease 2" (1982), "Where the Boys Are '84" (1984), "54" (1998), and "My Giant" (1998). She and her brother, Joey, made cameo appearances in the 1963 movie "I Could Go On Singing".


title: Lorna Luft

text: In March 2018, Luft was diagnosed with a brain tumour after collapsing following a London performance.


title: Mongolian language

text: The Mongolian language (, "Mongol kele", Cyrillic: Монгол хэл, "Mongol khel") is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family and the language of most of the residents of Mongolia, where it is officially written with the Cyrillic alphabet and of around three million Mongolian speakers in the "Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region" of China, where it is officially written with the traditional Mongolian script. It is also spoken in some areas in the Russian Far East and Kyrgyzstan. The majority of speakers in Mongolia speak the Khalkha (or "Halh") dialect, while those in China speak one of many Inner Mongolian dialects.


title: Genshin Impact

text: Genshin Impact () is an action role-playing game developed by Chinese developer miHoYo. The game is an anime style open-world game and has an action-based battle system. The game is free-to-play with a gacha system. While developed after "Honkai Impact 3rd" (2016) with a similar title naming, "Genshin Impact" is not a sequel of "Honkai Impact 3rd".


title: Genshin Impact

text: "Genshin Impact" allows the player to control one of four characters in a party. Switching between characters can be done quickly in combat. That allows the player to use several different combinations of skills and attacks.


title: Genshin Impact

text: Each character has two unique combat skills: an elemental skill and an elemental burst. The elemental skill can be used at any time except for the cooldown period immediately after use. The elemental burst has an energy cost, requiring the user to save enough elemental energy by defeating enemies or make elemental status effects. Characters' attacks are one of seven elements: Cryo, Dendro, Pyro, Hydro, Anemo, Electro and Geo, which correspond to ice, grass, fire, water, wind, electricity, and rock, respectively.


title: Genshin Impact

text: "Genshin Impact" takes place in the world of Teyvat. Teyvat has seven distinct nations, each of which is tied to a different element and ruled by a different god. The story follows the Traveler, who has traveled across countless worlds with their twin siblings before becoming separated in Teyvat. At the beginning of the game, players need to choose one of the twin siblings as a player character and give them a name. The official names for them are Aether (male) and Lumine (female). Unfortunately, at this time, there is no option to change the twin sibling later on during the game. These travelers can change their element whenever they want. They have to visit a Statue Of Seven in the nation of the desired element, and they will see this option.


title: Genshin Impact

text: "Genshin Impact" began development as early as late January 2017. The initial team had 120 people and grew to 400 by the end of that year, and reached 700 by February 2021. miHoYo revealed the game in June 2019 at E3 2019. The game was developed using the Unity (game engine). The game has voice-overs in four languages (English, Japanese, Chinese, and Korean), and 13 different languages for text. The game was designed as a cross-platform title. Developing the game for PC and PlayStation platforms allowed the developers to raise graphical quality for the game, like rendering realistic shadows.


title: Genshin Impact

text: Yu-Peng Chen of HOYO-MiX composed the game's original score, which was performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO), the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra, and the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra.


title: Genshin Impact

text: "Genshin Impact" was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Android, and iOS in September 2020, PlayStation 5 in April 2021, and is planned for future release on the Nintendo Switch.


title: Genshin Impact

text: Apple awarded "Genshin Impact" with "iPhone Game of the Year" in the "App Store Best of 2020 and the 2021 Apple Design Awards for Visuals and Graphics". The game won Google Play's "Best Game of 2020" and was nominated for "Users' Choice Game" at the Best of 2020 awards. At the TapTap Game Awards 2020, the game won "Game of the Year". The game was also nominated for Best RPG and Best Mobile Game at , and for Ultimate Game of the Year at the Golden Joystick Awards. The game was nominated for Best Ongoing game and won the Best Mobile Game at .


title: Guan Yin

text: Guan Yin (also spelled "Kwan Yin") is the Chinese name of Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of compassion and mercy.


title: Guan Yin

text: She takes various forms all over the world, in different eras and various forms. She can appear in the world as either male or female.


title: Guan Yin

text: The Threefold Lotus Sutra describes Guan Yin as a Bodhisattva who can take any form. She can transform into a male, female, adult, child, elder, human, or non-human, in order to teach the Dharma. The "Threefold Lotus Sutra" states that Guan Yin has 33 different manifestations. Seven of these are female.


title: Guan Yin

text: Representations of Guan Yin in the Song Dynasty were masculine in appearance. Images and statues of Guan Yin during this time later became both genders because of the Lotus Sutra. Because Guan Yin is considered to be the personification of compassion and kindness, and a mother-goddess as well as a patroness of mothers and sailor, the representation of the Bodhisattva became mostly female around the 12th century. In the modern period, Guan Yin is often depicted as a beautiful, young white-robed woman, a depiction which derives from the earlier "Pandaravasini" form.


title: Guan Yin

text: In China, she is often depicted as young and beautiful, wearing white robes and a necklace of Indian/Chinese royalty. In the left hand she holds a vase that contains the elixir of immortality and in the right hand, she holds a willow branch. Guan Yin wears a crown with an image of Amitabha Buddha.


title: Guan Yin

text: Guan Yin is a prominent figure in Journey to the West. One of the four classics of Chinese literature, it tells the tale of Tang Dynasty monk Chen Hui's epic pilgrimage with three other traveling companions. Guan Yin enlists Monkey King (Sun Wukong), previously imprisoned by the Buddha, to aid Chen Hui in his pilgrimage to India for Sutra and Reliquary. She later recruits Zhu Bajie (Pigsy) after his defeat at the staff of Monkey King, and Sha Wujing (Sandy) as a body guard for Chen Hui.


title: Love Me like You Do

text: "Love Me like You Do" is a song recorded by British recording artist Ellie Goulding. It was recorded for the movie "Fifty Shades of Grey". It reached number three on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and on the Canadian Hot 100. It was #1 on the UK Singles Chart and the charts of several other countries. The song is an electropop song. It is the fifth song on the movie's soundtrack. It was later included on Goulding's third studio album, "Delirium".


title: Prince Joachim of Denmark

text: Prince Joachim of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, (; Joachim Holger Waldemar Christian; born 7 June 1969) is a member of the Danish royal family. He is the younger son of Queen Margrethe II. He is sixth in the line of succession to the Danish throne.


title: The 1975

text: The 1975 are an English pop rock band from the town of Wilmslow, Cheshire who are currently based in Manchester.


title: The 1975

text: The band currently consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Matthew Healy, lead guitarist Adam Hann, bassist Ross MacDonald, and drummer George Daniel. Healy is the son of actors Denise Welch and Tim Healy.


title: The 1975

text: The band members all met while attending Wilmslow High School and played together as teenagers. Organised gigs by a council worker led to the band formally signing with Dirty Hit and Polydor Records.


title: Sherlock (TV series)

text: Sherlock is a BBC television series based on characters created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle placed in 21st century London. Benedict Cumberbatch stars as Sherlock Homes, alongside Martin Freeman who plays Dr. John Watson. The series aired 4 seasons between 2010 and 2017.


title: Sherlock (TV series)

text: In this contemporary TV version, Watson is a war vet just home from Afghanistan. He meets the eccentric Sherlock Holmes when he advertises for a flatmate. Together they solve mysteries related to Sherlocks nemesis Moriarty.


title: Lara Trump

text: She is the producer and host of Trump Productions' "Real News Update" and a former producer of "Inside Edition".


title: Nord Stream

text: Nord Stream (, "Severny potok") is a system of offshore natural gas pipelines in Europe. They are running under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany. It includes two pipelines running from Vyborg in northwestern Russia to Lubmin near Greifswald in northeastern Germany forming the original Nord Stream (also known as Nord Stream 1; and two further pipelines running from Ust-Luga in northwestern Russia to Lubmin termed Nord Stream 2.


title: Word order

text: Word order is part of syntax, which is part of grammar. Word order may be different in different languages. For example, English "I play tennis only sometimes" would be in German "Ich spiele nur manchmal Tennis", literally "I play only sometimes tennis". In Norwegian, the same sentence would be "Jeg spiller bare tennis noen ganger" ("I play tennis only sometimes").


title: Word order

text: In Portuguese, the sentence could be "Eu só jogo tênis algumas vezes" ("I only play tennis sometimes), but word order can be changed to "Eu jogo tênis só algumas vezes" ("I play tennis only sometimes"). However, "Eu jogo só tênis algumas vezes" is not allowed ("I play only tennis sometimes") because the meaning would be changed.


title: Word order

text: In English, a simple sentence with a verb (an action), subject (who or what is doing the action), and an object (to whom or what the action is done) is written with a subject-verb-object word order (SVO). For example, in the sentence "Robert opens the door", "Robert" is the subject, "opens" is the verb and "door" is the object. SVO is the second-most common word order among all languages and is used in 42% of them. Examples are Mandarin Chinese, Bahasa Melayu, Bahasa Indonesia, Spanish, French, Italian, Thai and Vietnamese. While some of the above languages can use other word orders, such as SOV and VSO, they use SVO for the simplest sentences.


title: Word order

text: In other languages, sentences can use other word orders. Consider "Robert opens the door". In English, changing the word order to "The door opens Robert" would change the meaning of the sentence. In Latin, however, "Robertus ianuam aperit" and "ianuam Robertus aperit" mean the same. "Ianuam" is in the accusative case and so it is the direct object and "Robertus" the subject. Changing the cases of the words, however, to "Robertem ianua aperit" would change the meaning of the sentence: "ianua" is now in the nominative case and so it is the subject and "Robertum" the object.


title: Word order

text: The subject-object-verb (SOV) word order is the one that is used by the greatest number of distinct languages, 45% of them. It is especially common in the theoretical language family that is known as the Altaic language family, which includes many languages such as Japanese, Korean, Mongolian and the Turkic languages.


title: Word order

text: In Japanese, for example, a simple sentence uses SOV. In other words, the sentence "Robert opens the door" becomes "Robert the door opens". Such languages often use postpositions, which act like prepositions but appear after content words rather than before them, to show the role of a word in the sentence. The sample sentence "Robert opens the door" would be in Japanese ロバートはドアを開ける "Robāto-wa doa-o akeru" in which は "wa" as in ロバートは "Robāto-wa" shows that ロバート "Robāto (Robert)" is the topic of the sentence, and を "o" as in ドアを "doa-o" shows that ドア "doa" is the direct object of the sentence. Around 45% of all languages are SOV languages.


title: Word order

text: The verb-subject-object (VSO) word order is the third-most common word order in world languages. There are far fewer VSO languages than SVO and SOV languages, and only 9% of them are VSO. Language groups in which VSO is common include Afroasiatic languages, such as Arabic, Hebrew and Aramaic, and Celtic languages, such as Irish, Welsh and Cornish. In VSO languages, "Robert opens the door" would be "Opens Robert the door". Spanish sentences are usually SVO, but VSO is also common. In Spanish, the example above can be as "Roberto abre la puerta" (Robert opens the door) or "Abre Roberto la puerta" (Opens Robert the door).


title: Word order

text: Aside from SVO, SOV, and VSO, other kinds of word orders are rather uncommon. VOS word order makes up at around 3% of all languages, and languages that begin with the object (OVS and OSV) are extremely few, each around 1-0% percent each.


title: Dear Father

text: Dear Father is an 2022 Indian Gujarati movie. It is based on the Gujarati play of the same name. The movie was directed by Umang Vyas. It was written by Vivek Bele, Uttam Gada, and Aditya Rawal. The movie stars Paresh Rawal, Manasi Parekh, and Chetan Dhanani. It released on March 4, 2022.


title: Dear Father

text: After a man falls from his balcony, a police investigation focuses on the man's son and daughter-in-law.


title: Bosnian language

text: Bosnian is a Slavic language and the language of Bosniaks, spoken mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in the surrounding countries of Europe.


title: Nipple discharge

text: Nipple discharge is fluid that comes out of the nipple of the breast but is not caused by pregnancy or breastfeeding. The discharge can be different colors. It can be thick or thin. Nipple discharge can come from one breast or both. Nipple discharge in men is not normal. Ninety-seven percent of the time, nipple discharge is not cancer.


title: Nipple discharge

text: Sometimes discharge from nipples will get better and not need treatment. Most of the time nipple discharge is not cancer. Once in a while it can be a sign of breast cancer. Newborn babies can have nipple discharge. This is because hormones from the mother cause milk to develop in the baby. This kind of discharge goes away in 2 weeks.


title: Nipple discharge

text: Some medications can cause nipple discharge. These medicines are opioids, oral contraceptives, antihypertensives (methyldopa, reserpine, verapamil), antidepressants and antipsychotics. A woman is more likely to have changes in her breasts as she gets older. Some of these changes can be the cause of nipple discharge.


title: Nipple discharge

text: A doctor or nurse will often ask a woman to have a examination. Medical tests can find the reason for the nipple discharge. A mammogram and ultrasound are two tests that a doctor might use. The fluid that comes out of the nipple may be collected and tested.


title: Nipple discharge

text: Sometimes nipple discharge is treated with an operation. Even after surgery another operation may be needed.


title: Diary of a Wimpy Kid (series)

text: Diary of a Wimpy Kid is an ongoing series of currently seventeen books written by Jeff Kinney. The series is about a middle school student named Greg Heffley. The books are written in the style of Greg's diary. They contain many drawings, all with no color.


title: Diary of a Wimpy Kid (series)

text: These books are about Gregory Heffley, most commonly known as Greg, who struggles with middle school life and family life, he is very insociable and its hard for him to communicate and be part of the popular group which is proved time and again only having 1 close friend, Rowley Jefferson. He goes to public school where he has multiple crushes including Holly Hills, also known as Piper Elizabeth Mattews in the online version.


title: Diary of a Wimpy Kid (series)

text: Fregley is an annoying character who Greg doesn't like and does stuff- like once he pulled his pants down and showed his underwear


title: Diary of a Wimpy Kid (series)

text: In 2019, a book called "" was released. It is a book that follows the perspective of Greg's best friend, Rowley. In 2020, another Rowley book called "Rowley Jefferson's Awesome Friendly Adventure" was published. And in 2021, one last Rowley book was published and it was called "Rowley Jefferson's Awesome Friendly Spooky Stories".


title: Diary of a Wimpy Kid (series)

text: The series has four movies, each based on the book of the same name. A animated film that is the reboot of Diary of a Wimpy Kid was released on December 3, 2021.


title: Religious persecution

text: Religious persecution means unfair treatment of a particular group of people because of their religion. It aims at forcing the religious to go away or give up their religion. "Persecution" comes from a Latin word meaning "chase", and usually meant chasing someone in order to kill them. In later centuries the term was applied to other actions. Religious persecution may occur in the following forms:


title: Religious persecution

text: Incidents of persecution are periodically reported in many countries. For example in case of India, the United States Department of State in its annual human rights report for 2006 noted attacks against the people of religious groups who are small in number. State Department's annual reports on religious freedom for 2007 expressed concern over organized societal attacks against religious minority in India. Some state governments in India have been accused of not effectively prosecuting those who attack religious minorities. In Iran, Bahá'í Faith is banned.


title: Religious persecution

text: When the term "religious cleansing" is used, it usually means when a group of people is removed from a certain area. In classical antiquity, religious cleansing was usually done because of economic and political reasons. Sometimes there were also ethnic reasons.


title: Hair iron

text: A hair iron or hair tong is something people use to change the shape of the hair by heating it. There are three types of hair iron:


title: Hair iron

text: In 1893, Ada Harris, a school teacher from Indianapolis, applied for a patent for the hair straightener. The hair straightener was a device “heated like a curling iron” with two flat faces held together by a hinge . It was said that when the faces press the hair, it will become straight.” Harris's invention also had a comb, which would keep different parts of the hair separated.


title: Hair iron

text: In 1909, Issac K. Shero patented a hair straightener made of two irons that are heated and put together around the hair.


title: Hair iron

text: Years later, Sharrell made heated metal tools, for example: hot combs. The hot metal straightener went easily through the hair, making less damage and dryness than the way things were done before. Later, ceramic and electrical straighteners were made, meaning people could adjust the heat settings and straightener size.


title: Hair iron

text: Another method of hair straightening is Japanese hair straightening, which was invented in Japan, and works like a perm, but to straighten instead of curl the hair. It is now given at many salons but is quite expensive and must be re-done after it stops working.


title: Hair iron

text: Some better hair straighteners today have ceramic coated heating parts, which harm the hair less, and heat up faster than non-ceramic coated heating parts. Cheaper brands do not often have ceramic, but some have a paint-like coating that looks like ceramic plating. Cordless flat irons use lithium battery that can last up to 45 minutes, and other is heated by thermacell butane gas cartridge.


title: Hair iron

text: Lots of more expensive hair straighteners use ionic and infra red technology, which helps to keep moisture and oils in the hair, and to stop static and frizz.


title: Hair iron

text: Depending on the hair type, repeated use of hair straighteners, like most other heat styling tools, can cause varying amounts of damage such as split ends, thinning of the hair shaft and even causing hair to become brittle and prone to breakage. Generally, after extensive damage, hair will show signs of dryness and display an unhealthy appearance. However, many companies, such as L’Oréal and Tresemmé, have began to manufacture heat protection sprays and cream which aim to reduce the amount of damage that is caused by the use of straighteners.


title: Hair iron

text: Hair straighteners should only be used on dry hair, unless they are specially made with vents to let the moisture out. These sort of irons are usually called "Wet Dry" irons.


title: Hair iron

text: Based on the materials used in the heating plates, hair irons can be classified as ceramic, tourmaline and traditional metal flat iron. Ceramic hair irons are believed to be gentle to the hair.


title: Hair iron

text: Hair straighteners work by breaking the hair's hydrogen bonds, which are part of what make the hair curly. After the bonds are broken, the hair is stopped from going back to its original, natural, curly form. The hydrogen bonds can re-form if moisture touches them, such as water or dampness.


title: Bookworm (insect)

text: This behaviour is uncommon. Both the larvae of the deathwatch beatle ("Xestobium rufovillosum") and the common furniture beetle ("Anobium punctatum") will go through wood and if paper is nearby they will pass into that.


title: Bookworm (insect)

text: A major book-feeding insect is the booklouse (or book louse). It is a tiny (under 1 mm), soft-bodied wingless "psocoptera" (usually "Trogium pulsatorium"). The insect actually eats molds and other plants found in books that were not kept clean and safe, but they will also attack bindings and other parts. It is also not a true louse.


title: Bookworm (insect)

text: Many other insects, like the silverfish ("Lepisma saccharina") or cockroach (various "Blattodea"), will eat these molds, including rotten paper or the starch-based binding pastes – warmth and moisture or high humidity are needed, so damage is more common in the tropics. Modern glues and paper are less attractive to insects.


title: Bookworm (insect)

text: By the twentieth century, modern bookbinding materials prevented much of the damage done to books by book-boring insects.


title: Cantabria

text: Cantabria is a region in the north of Spain. It has 563,000 people living in it. In Cantabria most people speak Spanish. The people of Cantabria have autonomy in Spain, which means they have their own local government and much control over their region. The capital is Santander. This city is on the coast of the Cantabrian Sea and is very popular with tourists. Cantabria belongs to the Green Spain, the name given to the strip of land between the Cantabrian Sea and the Cantabrian Mountains in northern Spain.


title: Cantabria

text: Many different examples of prehistoric cave art have been found, suggesting the Cantabrian culture is at least 15,000 years old. Cave art is the best known feature of the Cantabrian life. The latest round of systematic cave explorations began in the early 1970s. Now new art can be discovered every year. Some of the cave art is engraved, and others are painted. Much of the cave art is of animals. There are often pictures of red deer found from this area of Spain. There are also other unusual symbols that can be found. This attracts much interest and many tourists to this culture. The Cantabrian life revolves mainly around art, tourism, and fishing. Rich deposits of coal, iron, and zinc are also mined in the Cantabrian Mountains. Tourism is a very large part of the Cantabrian life, and their economic success.


title: Cantabria

text: Cantabria is known for a rainy and cool climate. The region is also greener than southern Spain and is very mountainous.


title: Beatrix of the Netherlands

text: Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard; born 31 January 1938) is the former Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. She reigned from 1980 to 2013.


title: Beatrix of the Netherlands

text: Beatrix is the eldest daughter of Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. In 1948, she became heiress presumptive to the throne of the Netherlands. Her mother abdicated (gave up) the throne on 30 April 1980. Beatrix succeeded her as queen.


title: Beatrix of the Netherlands

text: In January 2013, Beatrix announced that she would abdicate on 30 April 2013. This day is known as Koninginnedag (Queen's Day). Her eldest son, Willem-Alexander, succeeded to the throne as King. He is the first King of the Netherlands in 123 years.


title: Beatrix of the Netherlands

text: Beatrix was married to Claus von Amsberg, who died in 2002. Her sons are King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau and Prince Constantijn.


title: Beatrix of the Netherlands

text: Her second son, Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, died on 12 August 2013. He had been in a coma for more than a year because of a skiing accident in Austria in February 2012.


title: Neoclassical economics

text: Neoclassical economics is an economic theory that argues for markets to be free. This means governments should generally not make rules about types of businesses, businesses' behaviour, who may make things, who may sell things, who may buy things, prices, quantities or types of things sold and bought. The theory argues that allowing individual actors (people or businesses) freedom creates better economic outcomes. These outcomes may be a higher average standard of living, higher wages, better average life-expectancies, and higher GDP.


title: Neoclassical economics

text: Markets are an abstract idea: assumed to be all the 'actors' (businesses or people) selling one thing, service or type of thing or service, and all the 'actors' buying it.


title: Neoclassical economics

text: Markets will 'reach equilibrium' if all the sellers who want to sell at or below a given price have sold to all the buyers who are willing to buy at or above a given price. the price is worked out in the market.


title: Neoclassical economics

text: It may be easier to think about this in reverse: The market is not in equilibrium if people want to buy a haircut for ten (or more) dollars and someone is happy to sell the person a haircut for ten (or less) dollars, but for some reason this does not happen.


title: Neoclassical economics

text: Neoclassical economists say this will not happen. Neo-Keynesians say it might, so the government could make the customer and the person selling the haircut happier by helping the customer somehow.


title: Neoclassical economics

text: Neo-Keynesian economy is an alternative to Neoclassical economy. The major point of difference between neoclassical economics and neo-Keynesian economics is about whether 'markets' 'reach equilibrium'.


title: MetLife Stadium

text: MetLife Stadium is the home football stadium of the New York Giants and New York Jets. It is in East Rutherford, New Jersey, part of the New York metropolitan area. It is located near the site of Giants Stadium, which was the home stadium of the New Jersey Giants from 1976 until December 2009 and the New Jersey Jets from 1984 until January 2010. It opened on April 10, 2010. It is one of the two NFL stadiums shared by two teams.


title: Shōjo

text: Shōjo (少女) is a Japanese word meaning "girl". The characters, or kanji, mean "little" and "woman". The word is mainly used to describe a demographic for anime and manga- girls 7-19.


title: Shōjo

text: Like many Japanese words, the characters of the word shōjo come from Chinese. The first known use of the word comes from a Chinese book called "The Book of the Later Han". In Chapter 86, young girls are mentioned:盤瓠種，昔帝嚳時患犬戎入寇, 乃訪募天下，有能得犬戎之將吳將軍頭者，購黃金千鎰，邑萬家，又妻以少女


title: Shōjo

text: Translation: The myth of Yao: the country is being invaded by barbarians, the king is looking for warriors who are able to take the head of the general of the invading army, and for this the king will award a thousand Yi of gold, many houses, and young girl(s) as their wife/wives.The word was brought to Japan in the 7th century, when they began using a Chinese-style legal system. During this time, shōjo meant girls from 17 to 20.


title: Shōjo

text: Nowadays, the word shōjo is legally used to mean any woman or girl under 20. This is like how shounen is used to mean men or boys under 20.


title: Shōjo

text: Outside of legal use, the word shōjo is used to refer to things for girls or about girls, like shōjo manga, shōjo anime, and shōjo fashion.


title: Bop It

text: The aim of the game is to respond quickly to the directions that come out of the game's speakers. These directions are given in a way that requires the player do use different devices on the machine, such as pull handles, twist cranks, spin wheels, or toggle switches. A beat is played during the game and the beat will get faster as the player scores more points, making it harder for the player to respond. In the most recent series of Bop It's, the players goal is to beat the game by scoring 100 points. In the 90's Extreme and 02's Extreme 2 version, the goal is to beat the game by scoring 250 points. In Bop It Smash, Bounce, Beats and Tetris, the goal is to score as many points as you can. The highest possible score ever achieved on Smash is 1070 and Tetris is 866. The highest possible score on Beats is 264 on Classic and 151 on DJ since those game doesn't have a limit on the highest possible score.


title: Bop It

text: "Bop It" can be played by one to many people at a time and has been very popular as a children's game. It was designed, invented, patented by Dan Klistner and developed by other Hasbro designers, including Bob Welch who also provided the voice for the Original Bop It. The original version was released in 1996, and there have been several versions made since then. followed by an Extreme version one year later which was voiced by Scott Parkin, a dude character from California. The Extreme was one of the first versions for it to speak to the player when they mess up. In an Interview with some well known Bop It fans on YouTube, Scott said that the line "Game over!" was an idea from the 1986 film Aliens.


title: Bop It

text: The current Classic version was released in 2021 to mark the 25th anniversary of the original game. It was announced at the New York Toy Fair in 2021 and released in 2022 called the Worlds Smallest Bop It.