title: Pulmonary edema

text: Pulmonary edema (pulmonary oedema in British English) is fluid in the lungs ("Pulmonary" means "lungs"; "edema" means "swelling" or "fluid"). Normally, the lungs fill with air when a person breathes in. From the alveoli in the lungs, oxygen goes into the blood. The blood then carries oxygen to the entire body. Every part of the body needs oxygen to survive.


title: Square root of 2

text: Geometrically, the square root of 2 is the length of a diagonal across a square with sides with a length of one; this can be found with the Pythagorean theorem. Because of that, it is also called the Pythagoras's constant.


title: Pulmonary edema

text: When a person has fluid in their lungs (pulmonary edema), there is not enough space left for air to get into the lungs. The person will not be able to breathe in as much air. This means not as much oxygen will get into the blood, and the body will not get the oxygen it needs.


title: Pulmonary edema

text: The most common cause of pulmonary edema is heart failure on the left side of the heart. The left side of the heart is supposed to pump blood to the entire body. If the left side of the heart is too weak to do this, blood will back up into the lungs. This is called "cardiogenic pulmonary edema". ("Cardiogenic" means "caused by the heart.")


title: Pulmonary edema

text: Flash pulmonary edema is a medical emergency. It is pulmonary edema that comes on very quickly. Usually pulmonary edema takes a few hours to develop. But in the worst cases of flash pulmonary edema, a person's lungs can fill completely with fluid in minutes. Flash pulmonary edema can also be caused by moving a person with pulmonary edema, or lying them down.


title: Pulmonary edema

text: Other treatments can focus on the cause of the pulmonary edema. For example, if a person with kidney failure has had too much salt or fluid, they can have dialysis to take away the extra fluid and salt.


title: Plymouth Colony

text: Plymouth Colony was an English colony in North America. It existed from 1620 to 1691. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of the southeastern part of the modern state of Massachusetts.


title: Plymouth Colony

text: The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth. This settlement served as the capital of the colony. It is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts.


title: Plymouth Colony

text: Separatists and Anglicans (together, the "Pilgrims") founded the colony. With Jamestown and other settlements in Virginia Colony, it was one of the earliest successful English colonies in North America. It was the first sizable permanent English settlement in the New England region.


title: Plymouth Colony

text: The colony made a treaty with Chief Massasoit. This helped to make the colony a success. The colonists played a role in King Philip's War. The colony merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other territories in 1691. Together they formed the Province of Massachusetts Bay.


title: Plymouth Colony

text: Plymouth holds a special role in American history. Many of the Plymouth colonists left England for a place to worship in their own way. The social and legal systems of the colony became tied to their religious beliefs, as well as English custom. Many of the people and events surrounding Plymouth Colony have become part of American folklore. These include Thanksgiving and Plymouth Rock.


title: IPsec

text: Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a way of making Internet communications more secure and private.


title: England cricket team

text: The England cricket team is the team that represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1 January 1997 it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), having been previously governed by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) from 1903 until the end of 1996.


title: Ricky Nelson

text: Eric Hilliard Nelson (May 8, 1940 – December 31, 1985) was an American rock and roll musician, singer-songwriter and actor. He was born in Teaneck, New Jersey. Nelson starred alongside his family in the radio and television series "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet". He was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 21, 1987. In 1996 Nelson was ranked #49 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. He starred in "Rio Bravo" (1959). He placed 53 songs on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and its predecessors, between 1957 and 1973, including "Poor Little Fool" in 1958.


title: IPsec

text: IPsec is a collection of protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating (and optionally encrypting) each of a data stream. IPsec also includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of the session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to be used during the session. IPsec can be used to protect data flows between a pair of hosts (e.g. computer users or servers), between a pair of security gateways (e.g. routers or firewalls), or between a security gateway and a host.


title: England cricket team

text: England and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match (between 15 and 19 March 1877). These two countries plus South Africa formed the Imperial Cricket Conference (predecessor to today's International Cricket Council) on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first One Day International (ODI) on 5 January 1971. England's first Twenty20 International (T20I) was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia.


title: Ricky Nelson

text: Nelson and Sharon Kristin Harmon were married on April 20, 1963, and divorced in December 1982. They had four children: Tracy Kristine, twin sons Gunnar Eric and Matthew Gray, and Sam Hilliard.


title: IPsec

text: IPsec is an end-to-end security solution and operates at the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite, comparable to Layer 3 in the OSI model. Other Internet security protocols in widespread use, such as SSL, TLS and SSH, operate in the upper layers of these models. This makes IPsec more flexible, as it can be used for protecting all the higher level protocols, because applications do not need to be designed to use IPsec, whereas the use of TLS/SSL or other higher-layer protocols must be built-in the application.


title: England cricket team

text: As of 25 January 2021, England has played 1,030 Test matches, winning 376 and losing 305 (with 349 draws). The team has won The Ashes on 32 occasions, the same number as their opponents Australia. England has also played 752 ODIs, winning 378, and its record in major ODI tournaments includes finishing as runners-up in three Cricket World Cups (1979, 1987 and 1992), and two ICC Champions Trophys (2004 and 2013). The team has played 126 T20Is, winning 64. They won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016.


title: IPsec

text: The term "IPsec" is officially defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). This definition includes the form of capitalization used for the term; it is often incorrectly spelled "IPSec".


title: Kargil

text: Kargil (Ladakhi: ཀར་གིལ་; ) is a town in the Kargil District in Jammu and Kashmir in India. It is the second largest town in Ladakh after Leh. It is located 60 km and 204 km from Drass and Srinagar to the west.


title: Bananarama

text: Bananarama are a British female pop duo. The current band members are Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward. The group was formed in 1979 in London by Dallin, Woodward and Siobhan Fahey. The group had their first hit in 1982. Fahey was replaced by Jacquie O'Sullivan in 1988. O'Sullivan left in 1991.


title: Maurice Gibb

text: Maurice Ernest Gibb, CBE (; 22 December 1949 – 12 January 2003) was a British singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He was married to Scottish singer, Lulu, in 1969 but they split four years later.


title: Maurice Gibb

text: Gibb was a member of the British-Australian pop group The Bee Gees. Although his brothers Barry and Robin Gibb were the group's main lead singers, most of their albums included at least one or two compositions by Maurice, including "Lay It on Me", "Country Woman" and "On Time". The Bee Gees were one of the most successful rock-pop groups ever.


title: Maurice Gibb

text: Gibb died of complications from a twisted intestine on 12 January 2003 in Miami Beach, Florida at the age of 53.


title: Nerve agent

text: Nerve gas or nerve agent is the name of a family of chemical poisons. Usually people call them "nerve agents" (they are not always gases). They work by changing the way the nerves work in the human body. They stop messages from the brain from getting sent to the muscles and organs.


title: Nerve agent

text: Nerve agents are organic chemicals that have phosphorus in them (organophosphates). Many organophosphates are pesticides, and have the same effects as nerve agents if people are exposed to them. However, these pesticides are not used against people as weapons like nerve agents are.


title: Nerve agent

text: Since they are chemical weapons, nerve agents are classified as weapons of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN Resolution 687. Since 1993, making or stockpiling them has been against international law.


title: Nerve agent

text: Nerve agents have long-lasting effects. People who survive nerve agent poisoning almost always have chronic damage to the brain and nerves. This damage can also cause mental health problems.


title: Nerve agent

text: Nerve agents work by blocking communication between the brain and the body. Usually, a neurotransmitter (a chemical messenger) called acetylcholine gives the signal for the muscles to tighten up. It also keeps them from relaxing. However, when it is time for the muscles to relax, an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase destroys acetylcholine, and another neurotransmitter tells the muscles to relax.


title: Nerve agent

text: Nerve agents work by blocking acetyl-cholinesterase. Too much acetylcholine builds up, because it is not getting destroyed by acetylcholinesterase. The muscles keep getting more and more signals to tighten up. Basically, the brain loses control over the body's muscles. It cannot make the muscles relax. This leads to many of the unique signs and symptoms of nerve agent poisoning.


title: Nerve agent

text: Acetylcholine also signals the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) to kick in. Usually, the PNS balances out with the sympathetic nervous system to maintain homeostasis. However, when there is too much acetylcholine, the two systems cannot balance, and the sympathetic nervous system does not work correctly.


title: Nerve agent

text: Nerve agent poisoning causes a very unique group of signs and symptoms. Some medical providers use the acronym "SLUDGE" to remember them:


title: Nerve agent

text: Some medical professionals use a different version of this acronym: "SLUDGE and the Killer B's." "The Killer B's" are three life-threatening symptoms:


title: Nerve agent

text: As the person gets worse, they will have muscle twitches, then start having seizures and go into status epilepticus. People can die because their brain cannot control their breathing muscles, and they stop breathing.


title: Nerve agent

text: These nerve gases are called "G series" because they were first created by German scientists. They were all discovered and made before or during World War II.


title: Nerve agent

text: Nobody agrees on why these nerve gases are called "V series." Different people say the V stands for "Victory," "Venomous" (poisonous), or "Viscous" (thick liquid).


title: Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)

text: Symphony No. 6 in F major, Op. 68 (Pastorale) is a symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. The composer began making sketches for the symphony in 1806. The symphony was completed in 1808 in the village of Heiligenstadt northwest of Vienna. It was first performed in Vienna, Austria on 22 December 1808 in the Theater an der Wien with the premieres of the Symphony No. 5 in C minor, the Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, the "Choral" Fantasy, "Ah! perfido!" (a concert aria composed in 1796), and excerpts from the Mass in C major of 1807.


title: Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)

text: There are five movements in the symphony. The movements in order are allegro ma non troppo ("Joyful Feelings Upon Arriving in the Country"), andante molto mosso ("By the Brook"), allegro ("Peasant Merrymaking"), allegro ("The Thunderstorm"), and allegretto ("The Shepherd's Song After the Storm"). The first movement is in sonata form. It is placid and cheerful. It depicts the composer's feelings as he arrives in the country. The second movement is in sonata form. Beethoven helpfully identified the bird species in the score: nightingale (flute), quail (oboe) and cuckoo (clarinet). The third movement is the scherzo movement of the symphony. It depicts the country folk dancing and it ends unexpectedly when the country folk notice that raindrops are starting to fall. The fourth movement depicts a violent thunderstorm, starting with just a few drops of rain and building to a climax. There is, of course, thunder, as well as lightning, high winds, and sheets of rain. The finale is in sonata rondo form. The first eight bars form a continuation of the introduction of which the storm was the main part; the finale proper begins in the ninth bar.


title: Tyler Joseph

text: Tyler Robert Joseph (born December 1, 1988) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, rapper, and record producer. He is best known as the frontman for the musical duo Twenty One Pilots, alongside his bandmate Josh Dun.


title: Peyo

text: Pierre Culliford (25 June 1928 – 24 December 1992), known as Peyo, was a Belgian comics artist. He is best known for making "The Smurfs" comic strip.


title: Tyler Joseph

text: As a member of Twenty One Pilots, he has been nominated for six Grammy Awards, from which he has won one of them.


title: Peyo

text: Peyo was born in 1928 in Brussels. He was the son of an English father and a Belgian mother. On Christmas Eve 1992, Peyo died of a heart attack in Brussels at age 64.


title: Tyler Joseph

text: Jenna announced that the couple's first child, a daughter named Rosie Robert Joseph, was born on February 9, 2020. In 2021, they had their second daughter named Junie Belle Joseph.


title: Peyo

text: He went to the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. Peyo began work at the Compagnie Belge d'Animation (CBA), a small Belgian animation studio. There he met a few of his future colleagues, like André Franquin, Morris and Eddy Paape. He made his first comics for the newspaper "La Dernière Heure" (The Latest Hour). From 1949 to 1952, he drew "Poussy", a stop comic about a cat, for "Le Soir". For the same newspaper, he also made "Johan".


title: Peyo

text: In 1952, Franquin introduced Peyo to "Le Journal de Spirou". It was a children's comics magazine published by Dupuis which was first in Belgium in 1938. Peyo wrote and drew a lot of characters and storylines. His favourite was "Johan et Pirlouit" (translated into English as "Johan and Peewit"). Set in the Middle Ages in Europe, "Johan et Pirlouit" stars a brave young page to the king, and his faithful, if boastful and cheating, midget sidekick. Johan defends the meek on his trusty horse, while Peewit gallops behind on his goat, named Biquette.


title: Peyo

text: The first smurf appeared in "Johan and Peewit" on 23 October 1958 in the album "La Flûte à Six Schtroumpfs" ("The Six Smurfed Flute"). As the smurfs became more popular, Peyo started a studio in the early 1960s. Many talented comic artists started to work. The most notable artists to come from this studio are Walthéry, Wasterlain, Gos, Derib, Degieter, and Desorgher.


title: Peyo

text: In 1959, the Smurfs got their own series. Many authors of the Marcinelle school worked together on the writing or as an artist. These include Willy Maltaite (aka 'Will'), Yvan Delporte, and Roger Leloup. Peyo became more of a businessman and supervisor. He let his son, Thierry Culliford, lead the studio. His daughter Véronique was responsible for the merchandising.


title: Peyo

text: The merchandising of the Smurfs began in 1959. The PVC figurines were the most important piece until the late 1970s. Then, with the success of the Smurf records by Father Abraham, the Smurfs got more international success. Some of the toys reached the United States. Hanna-Barbera made a Saturday morning animated series in 1981. Peyo was story supervisor.


title: Ryan Seacrest

text: Ryan John Seacrest (born December 24, 1974) is an American radio personality, television host, and producer. He is best known for being the host of the FOX television show "American Idol". He also hosts the morning radio show "On Air with Ryan Seacrest" on KIIS-FM in Los Angeles, California as well as the syndicated radio show "American Top 40".


title: Ryan Seacrest

text: Seacrest started hosting "American Idol" in 2002. In the show's first season, he hosted the show with comedian Brian Dunkleman. Dunkleman left the show after the first season, leaving Seacrest as the show's only host. "American Idol" went on to be a very successful show, making Seacrest a well-known television personality. "American Idol" is seen by 26 million people weekly.


title: Ryan Seacrest

text: On December 31, 2005, Seacrest became the executive producer and co-host of ABC's "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve". In 2009, the show was renamed "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest". He co-hosted the show with Dick Clark until Clark's death in 2012. For the 2013 show, he hosted the show with Jenny McCarthy and Fergie.


title: Ryan Seacrest

text: He has won Emmy Awards for hosting "American Idol". He also won an Emmy Award for producing the ABC show "Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution".


title: Shirley Manson

text: Shirley Ann Manson (born 26 August 1966) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, musician and actress. She was born in Edinburgh. She is best known for being the main singer of the rock band Garbage. They have released five albums.


title: Blank Space

text: "Blank Space" is a 2014 song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song is about the way the media sees Swift and her relationships. The song is an electropop single. It has been compared to New Zealand singer-songwriter Lorde's musical style.


title: Shirley Manson

text: Between 1992 and 1994 Manson was a member of a rock band called Angelfish. In 1994 Manson joined Garbage. They released their first album, "Garbage", the next year. The first single released from the album was "Vow". The single "Stupid Girl" reached number four in the UK. It was their best selling single in the United States. In 1998 Garbage's second album "Version 2.0" was released. It was number one in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and New Zealand. Six singles were released from the album. "Beautifulgarbage" was released in 2001. In 2005 "Bleed Like Me" was released. "Not Your Kind of People", Garbage's fifth album, was released in 2013.


title: Blank Space

text: "Blank Space" was released on November 10, 2014. It received positive reviews from music critics. It reached #1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, which made it become her second number-one single from "1989" (after "Shake It Off") and her third number-one single overall.


title: Shirley Manson

text: Her first relationship was with her music teacher when she was fifteen years old. She married Billy Bush in 2010.


title: Ford C-Max

text: Ford C-Max is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 2003 to 2019. It was originally called the Focus C-Max before it had a facelift in 2007. It entered its 2nd generation in 2010 and is available in 5-seat and Grand 7-seat versions. It was facelifted in 2015 and in 2019, Ford ended production of it.


title: The Descent of Man

text: The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex is a book by Charles Darwin, first published in 1871.


title: The Descent of Man

text: It was Darwin's second great book on evolutionary theory, with the first being his 1859 work, "On the Origin of Species".


title: The Descent of Man

text: In "The Descent of Man", Darwin applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and also explains his theory of sexual selection. He thought the two topics were closely connected.


title: The Descent of Man

text: In the nearly 12 years between the "Origin" and the "Descent of Man", several writers had written works on the subject. Noteworthy were:


title: The Descent of Man

text: The starting point for sexual selection is the observation that males differ from females, not just in sexual apparatus, but in many other traits. This is true of many animals, and the question is why this happens. The answer given by Darwin, and followed by many other biologists, is that the selection on males is different from the selection on females.


title: The Descent of Man

text: Sexual selection is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by intraspecific competition (competition between members of the same species).


title: The Descent of Man

text: Darwin defined sexual selection as the effects of the "struggle between the individuals of one sex, generally the males, for the possession of the other sex".


title: The Descent of Man

text: Biologists today distinguish between "male to male combat" or "intrasexual selection" (it is usually males that fight each other), "mate choice" or "intersexual selection" (usually female choice of male mates) and sexual conflict.


title: The Descent of Man

text: Secondary sex characteristics are features that distinguish the two sexes of a species, but are not directly part of the reproductive system. They are believed to be the product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an advantage over its rivals in courtship and fighting.


title: The Descent of Man

text: Traits selected by male combat are called "weapons"; and traits selected by mate choice are called "ornaments".


title: Bottle cap

text: Bottle caps are used to seal the opening of bottles. For glass bottles, these are usually small, specially adapted pieces of metal. With plastic bottles, plastic caps are used instead.


title: Bottle cap

text: The original bottle cap was called Crown cork. It is pressed onto the bottle, and can be removed, using a bottle opener.


title: Bottle cap

text: In recent years bottle caps with screw on mounts are used that way, a bottle opener is no longer required. Caps for plastic bottles are often made of a different type of plastic from the bottle.


title: Tony Montana

text: Tony Montana is a fictional character in the movie Scarface who is played by actor Al Pacino. Montana is a Cuban immigrant to the United States. He has antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders and is a drug lord who ruthlessly uses violence to gain wealth. He creates many enemies and they come after him at his mansion, shooting him in the back and killing him.


title: Three-sector hypothesis

text: The Three-sector hypothesis is a large-scale economic type theory. It says that there are three kinds of economic activities, which are very different from each other:


title: Three-sector hypothesis

text: These kinds of activities are called economic sectors. The theory speaks about the primary, secondary, and tertiary sector. The theory was developed by Alan Fisher, Colin Clark and Jean Fourastié in the 1930s. Clark used a speech given by Sir William Petty, in 1690. For this reason the theory is also known as Petty's Law. The first sector is about directly using natural resources, the second sector is about processing these resources to obtain "higher level" goods.


title: Three-sector hypothesis

text: The theory also says that the main focus of the economy of a country will change, from the primary to the secondary, and from the secondary to the tertiary sector, as economic development progresses.


title: Mary Kay Bergman

text: Bergman was probably best known for portraying the voice of most of the female characters on the animated sitcom South Park, and the first voice of main character Timmy Turner on the animated show The Fairly OddParents.


title: Mary Kay Bergman

text: Bergman was married to Dino Andrade, who was also a voice actor. She was also good friends with The Simpsons voice actress Nancy Cartwright and Grey DeLisle.


title: Mary Kay Bergman

text: Bergman suffered from bipolar disorder and generalized anxiety disorder which she hid from her family and friends. Her last appearance was on November 11, 1999 during a radio show that was celebrating Disneyland's 45th anniversary. Later in the day, she shot herself in the forehead just above her nose with a Mossberg 12-gauge shotgun. She was found by her husband and a friend.


title: Sophie Charlotte

text: Sophie Charlotte Wolf da Silva (born April 29, 1989) is a German-Brazilian actress, dancer and model. She began her career in 2004 making a small appearance in the telenovela "Young Hearts", beyond the children's show "Sítio do Pica-pau Amarelo". However she gained fame in 2008 by being the protagonist of the 15th season of "Young Hearts", acted in other telenovelas such as "Caras & Bocas" in 2009, "Ti Ti Ti" in 2010 and "Fina Estampa" in 2011. Sophie dated actor Caio Castro in 2008, actor Malvino Salvador between 2010 and 2013, and is currently married to actor Daniel de Oliveira.


title: Hops

text: Hops are the flowers of the hop plant, which are in the humulus genus. Hops look like little cones, and are used to make beer. They give the beer a bitter flavor. They have been used to make beer for many centuries, and were used by the Romans in the Roman Empire.


title: Acting president of the United States

text: The acting president of the United States is a person who temporarily acts as president when the president is unable to carry out their duties, but remains in office. The position was created by the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution.


title: Acting president of the United States

text: The acting president possesses all presidential powers and duties during the time of their term but does not become the president, instead serving only as acting president. This term lasts until the president declares in writing that they are no longer unable to execute the duties of their office themselves.


title: Acting president of the United States

text: George H.W. Bush later became president. To date there have been three acting presidents. They were vice presidents:


title: Comparison of American and British English

text: American English and British English are the two main dialects (types) of the English language. American English is spoken in the United States, while British English is spoken in the United Kingdom. Both types of English are different to each other in some ways, for example in spelling, punctuation, grammar and vocabulary.


text: There are many words that sound the same in both American and British English but have different spellings, due mainly to the spelling reforms of Noah Webster. British English often keeps more traditional ways of spelling words than American English. For example:


text: Because some chemical elements have different spellings in American and British English, IUPAC has to use only one spelling of a word in their papers. For example:


text: Punctuation is the name for the marks used in writing text. Punctuations, for example brackets/parentheses, full stops/periods, quotation marks/inverted commas, have different rules in American and British English.


text: In British English, "( )" marks are sometimes called "brackets", "[ ]" are called "square brackets" and "{ }" are called "curly brackets". In formal British English and in American English, "( )" marks are "parentheses" (singular: parenthesis), "[ ]" are called "brackets" or "square brackets", and "{ }" can be called "curly brackets" or "braces". These marks are used in the same way in both dialects.


text: The rules on quoting a text is different in American and British English. In American English, " and ' are called "quotation marks". In British English, " and ' are called "inverted commas" or "speech marks". In American English, it is common to use the double quotation mark ( " ) in direct speech. In British English, it is common to use the single inverted comma ( ' ).


title: The Idolmaster: Starlit Season

text: The Idolmaster: Starlit Season is a rhythm game. It is based on the anime "The Idolmaster". It was developed and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The game was released on PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows, on October 14, 2021. It is a sequel to "" and "".


title: James Holzhauer

text: James Holzhauer (born July 23, 1984) is the third-highest winner on the American television game show "Jeopardy!", and the third-highest winner on a game show.


title: James Holzhauer

text: Holzhauer won 32 games, earning $2,462,216. His winning streak lasted from April 4, 2019 to June 3, 2019. During his winning streak, he broke several show records. On April 9, 2019, Holzhauer broke the one-day record with $110,914, breaking the previous record of $77,000 set by Roger Craig in 2010. He broke his own record with $131,127 on April 17, 2019. He is the first and only player in the show's history to win $100,000 or more in a single game; and he holds the top sixteen spots for most single-day winnings.


title: James Holzhauer

text: On June 3, 2019, Holzhauer lost to a player named Emma Boettcher, who went on to win three games of her own before losing. Holzhauer and Boettcher were both brought back for the Tournament of Champions, which aired November 4-15, 2019. In the tournament, Holzhauer defeated Boettcher in the two-day final, winning the $250,000 prize.


title: James Holzhauer

text: In January 2020, Holzhauer faced off against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in Jeopardy! The Greatest of All-Time, finishing in second place with Jennings winning the $1,000,000 first prize and Holzhauer taking home $250,000 for second place.


title: James Holzhauer

text: Holzhauer first appeared on the American game show The Chase in 2021, appearing as a "Chaser" alongside Jennings and Rutter. >


title: Mammal-like reptile

text: Mammal-like reptile is an old term for the therapsids: those synapsids which gave rise to the true mammals.


title: Mammal-like reptile

text: The term is both outmoded and a mistake, because mammals did not descend from reptiles. Both groups descended from early amniotes (egg-laying tetrapods), probably in the Lower or Middle Carboniferous. The precursors of reptiles are called sauropsids, and the precursors of mammals are called synapsids. The immediate ancestors of the mammals came from a group of therapsids called the cynodonts.


title: Mammal-like reptile

text: There are a number of characteristics which cannot be seen on fossils, but which are of great importance.


title: Mammal-like reptile

text: Mammals are distinguished from reptiles by fundamental differences in the development of the blood system. These differences are such that it would be almost impossible for mammals to be derived from reptiles.


title: Earth's mantle

text: Past episodes of melting and volcanism at the outer levels of the mantle have produced a very thin crust of crystallized melt products near the surface, where we live. The gases evolved during the melting of Earth's mantle have a large effect on the composition and size of Earth's atmosphere.


title: Islam in Delhi

text: Delhi has the second largest Muslim population (12.86%) within Delhi State. Muhammad Ghori invaded India in 1175 A.D. After the conquest of Multan and Punjab, he advanced towards Delhi. The Rajput chiefs of northern India headed by Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated him in the First Battle of Terrain in 1191 A.D. After about a year, Muhammad Ghori came again to avenge his defeat. A furious battle was fought again in Terrain in 1192 A.D. in which the Rajputs were defeated and Prithvi Raj Chauhan was captured and put to death. The Second Battle of Terrain, however, proved to be a decisive battle that laid the foundations of Muslim rule in Northern India. Ghori built many mosques and libraries after laying Muslim rule in India. The period between 1206 A.D. and 1526 A.D. in India's history is known as the Delhi Sultanate period. During this period of over three hundred years, five dynasties ruled in Delhi. These were: the Slave dynasty (1206-90), Khilji dynasty (1290-1320), Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and Lodhi dynasty (1451-1526).The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526). Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk/Slave dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swathes of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh as well as some parts of southern Nepal.


title: Ryan O'Neal

text: Charles Patrick Ryan O'Neal, Jr. (born April 20, 1941) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles "Paper Moon", "Barry Lyndon", "A Bridge Too Far", and in "A Love Story".


title: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

text: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harpers Ferry) was an effort by white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt in 1859. He attacked and captured the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's raid, accompanied by 21 men in his party, was defeated by a platoon of U.S. Marines led by Colonel Robert E. Lee. John Brown had originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, both of whom he had met in Springfield, Massachusetts, to join him in his raid. Tubman was prevented by illness. Douglass declined because he believed Brown's plan would fail.


title: Earth's mantle

text: The top of the mantle is the Moho at the base of the crust. The base of the crust varies from about 10 to 70 kilometers deep. Oceanic crust is generally less than 10 kilometers thick. "Standard" continental crust is around 35 kilometers thick, and the large crustal root under the Tibetan Plateau is about 70 kilometers thick.</ref>


title: Islam in Delhi

text: As a successor to the Ghurid dynasty, the Delhi Sultanate was originally one among a number of principalities ruled by the Turkic slave-generals of Muhammad Ghori (who had conquered large parts of Northern India), including Yildiz, Aibek and Qubacha, that had inherited and divided the Ghurid territories amongst themselves. After a long period of infighting, the Mamluks were overthrown in the Khalji revolution which marked the transfer of power from the Turks to a heterogeneous Indo-Muslim nobility. Both of the resulting Khalji and Tughlaq dynasties respectively saw a new wave of rapid Muslim conquests deep into South India. The sultanate finally reached the peak of its geographical reach during the Tughlaq dynasty, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent. This was followed by decline due to Hindu reconquests, Hindu kingdoms such as the Vijayanagara Empire and Mewar asserting independence, and new Muslim sultanates such as the Bengal Sultanate breaking off. In 1526, the Sultanate was conquered and succeeded by the Mughal Empire.


title: Ryan O'Neal

text: O'Neal was born on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at the University High School. O'Neal was married to Joanna Cook Moore from 1963 until they divorced in 1967. Then he was married to Leigh Taylor-Young from 1967 until they divorced in 1973. Then he was married to Farrah Fawcett from 1979 until they divorced in 1997. Then they remarried in 2001 until her death in 2009. He has four children, including Tatum O'Neal. He now lives in Malibu, California.


title: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

text: Brown came from a staunch Calvinist and anti-slavery family. He failed at most business ventures he tried and declared bankruptcy at age 42. He attended a meeting of abolitionists in Cleveland, Ohio in 1837 that changed his life. He publicly declared he would destroy the institution of slavery. By 1848 he was already making plans to start a rebellion.


title: Earth's mantle

text: A thin crust, the lower part of the lithosphere, surrounds the mantle and is about 5 to 75 km thick. There are two main zones in the upper mantle. The uppermost mantle plus overlying crust are relatively rigid and form the lithosphere, an irregular layer with a maximum thickness of perhaps 200 km, of which the uppermost mantle is 120 to 50 km thick.


title: Islam in Delhi

text: The sultanate is noted for its integration of the Indian subcontinent into a global cosmopolitan culture (as seen concretely in the development of the Hindustani language and Indo-Islamic architecture), being one of the few powers to repel attacks by the Mongols (from the Chagatai Khanate) and for enthroning one of the few female rulers in Islamic history, Razia Sultana, who reigned from 1236 to 1240. Bakhtiyar Khalji's annexations were responsible for the large-scale desecration of Hindu and Buddhist temples (leading to the decline of Buddhism in East India and Bengal), and the destruction of universities and libraries. Mongolian raids on West and Central Asia set the scene for centuries of migration of fleeing soldiers, intelligentsia, mystics, traders, artists, and artisans from those regions into the subcontinent, thereby establishing Islamic culture in India and the rest of the region.


title: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

text: In 1856 Brown, four of his sons and three other followers killed five unarmed men and boys in retaliation for a raid by Missouri Border Ruffians on the town of Lawrence, Kansas. It was called the Pottawatomie massacre and it marked the beginning of the period called Bleeding Kansas. On August 30, 1856, Brown and about 40 men fought against about 250–300 Border Ruffians at the Battle of Osawatomie. Two years later Brown and his men raided into Missouri where they killed a planter and set 11 slaves free. They also took wagons, horses and mules.


title: Earth's mantle

text: Below the lithosphere the upper mantle becomes notably more plastic. It is called the asthenosphere, and is composed of flowing rock in the state of plasticity, about 200 km thick.


title: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

text: Brown had planned to set up a base in the Blue Ridge Mountains. From there he and his followers would help runaway slaves and launch attacks on slaveholders. He described this plan to abolitionists who might fund this plan. But the plan changed. By 1858, with the money and men to proceed, a follower revealed Brown's plan. He was forced to go into hiding. After a year, Brown was ready to go again. He rented a farm in Maryland across the river from Harpers Ferry. But many of his followers had changed their minds or didn't believe the plan would work. He did have 21 men and on October 16, they set out for Harpers Ferry.


title: Earth's mantle

text: The lower mantle is much thicker than the upper mantle. It is made of magma, under great pressure, and so is thicker (higher viscosity) and flows less easily. The lower mantles temperature has a max of about 4,000 °C (7,000 °F).


title: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

text: About 4 am on the morning of the 17th, Brown and his men arrived at Harpers Ferry. They cut the telegraph lines then captured the federal armory. Next they captured Hall's Rifle Works, a weapons supplier to the federal government. Then Brown and his men took 60 prominent citizens as hostages. Brown hoped slaves would join the fight but none came. Later that morning the local militia arrived and kept Brown and his men pinned down in the arsenal's engine house. Later in the afternoon, US Marines arrived commanded by Colonel Robert E. Lee. The Marines stormed the engine house killing several of Brown's men. They captured Brown. He was quickly put on trial for treason against the state of Virginia, murder and slave insurrection. Brown was sentenced to death and was hanged on December 2, 1859.


title: Earth's mantle

text: The chemical composition of the mantle is heavily biased towards three elements: oxygen 44.8% by weight; magnesium 22.8%; silicon 21.5%. Compounds are oxides: silica SiO 46%; magnesium oxide MgO 37.8%.


title: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

text: Brown quickly became the Martyr for the Abolitionist cause. Many said he accomplished more by his death than he ever did in life.


title: Earth's mantle

text: In 2007 a team of scientists on board the RRS James Cook went to an area of the Atlantic seafloor where the mantle has no crust covering. The anomaly is mid-way between the Cape Verde Islands and the Caribbean in the Atlantic Ocean, at or near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is about three kilometres under the ocean surface and covers thousands of square kilometres.


title: Mazatlán

text: Mazatlán () is a city in the Mexican state of Sinaloa; the surrounding "municipio" (municipality) for which the city serves as the municipal capital is also called Mazatlán. It is located at on the Pacific coast, just across from the southernmost tip of the Baja California peninsula.


title: Logo (programming language)

text: Logo is a programming language that is easy to learn. It is used to teach students and children to program a computer. It was developed to process lists of words. It was like the language LISP.


title: Mazatlán

text: Mazatlán is a Nahuatl word meaning "place of the deer." The city was started in 1531. By the mid-1800s a large group of immigrants had arrived from Germany. These new citizens made Mazatlán into a successful commercial seaport, importing equipment for the nearby gold and silver mines. It served as the capital of Sinaloa from 1859 to 1873. They also influenced the music, banda, which is an form of Bavarian folk music, and also started the Pacifico Brewery on March 14, 1900.


title: Logo (programming language)

text: In 1967, the first Logo ran on a mainframe computer, a machine called a teletype was used to type in and printout the results. There was no screen.


title: Mazatlán

text: Mazatlán, with a population of 352,471 (city) and 403,888 (municipality) as of the 2005 census, is the second-largest city in the state (after Culiacán) and Mexico's largest commercial port. It is also a popular tourist destination, with its beaches lined with resort hotels. A car ferry across the Gulf of California from Mazatlán to La Paz, Baja California Sur exists. The municipality has a land area of 3,068.48 km² (1,184.75 sq mi) and includes smaller communities such as Villa Unión, La Noria, El Quelite, El Habal and many other small villages.


title: Logo (programming language)

text: In 1969, it was used to control a Floor Turtle. Commands were added to send the turtle forwards and backwards, and to turn the turtle to left or right. This turtle had pen with different colors. When it moved, it left a trail on the floor.


title: Logo (programming language)

text: When a new version of Logo was developed to draw graphics on a screen, it used the same commands. This was called Turtle graphics.


title: Logo (programming language)

text: There are 170 versions of Logo. Many of them are open source and free. There are three Logo textbooks that can be downloaded free. Logo is usually an interpreted language.


title: Hot in Herre

text: "Hot in Herre" is a 2002 hip hop song by American rapper Nelly. The song was the first single from his second album "Nellyville". The song was released on May 7, 2002. It is very popular. It reached #1 on the Canadian Singles Chart, the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 and the U.S. "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs.


title: Deaths in June 2022

text: The following is a list of deaths that happened in June 2022. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.


title: Deaths in June 2022

text: Each listing of death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known), and a source.


title: Wendy Smits

text: Smits moved in 2005 from HV SEW to the Germany and played with TuS Metzingen, HSG Sulzbach Leidersbach and Frisch Auf Göppingen. She moved back to the Netherlands and played with SV Dalfsen Handbal between 2009 and 2012. After playing for the last three months in 2012 with HSG Blomberg-Lippe she played from 2013 with Fortissimo. At the end of December 2015, she moved to Foreholte due to a conflict with her coach Kees Boomhouwer.


title: Wendy Smits

text: Smits also played 14 mathces for the Netherlands women's national handball team. She was assistant coach of the under-16 national women's team.


title: Wendy Smits

text: Smits was married and had a daughter. They lived in Almere. Due to a serious illness, Smits died in October 2022 at the age of 39 years old.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Hamis Kiggundu (born 10 February 1984), is a Uganda-based multinational businessperson, Internet business starter, money-giver (to charity), and book writer.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: He is the founder of the Ham Group of Companies a multinational company , and the writer of "Success and Failure Based on Reason and Reality" and "Reason as the World Masterpiece".


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: He is one of the richest people in Uganda with a Net Value of US$870 million employing about 7,000 people as reported by Forbes (March 2021 Forbes).


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In March 2020, Kiggundu was featured in Ugandan media for his court fight against Diamond Trust Bank. He accused (of a crime) that the bank cheated him over $30 million over the course of 10 years.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Kiggundu is the son of Haruna Segawa, who is part of a family with much property investments in Kampala.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Kiggundu was born in 1984 in the Kalungu Masaka District in the Central area of Uganda. He attended his elementary education in Masaka, joined Kabojja International School in Kampala District for his high school education and later graduated from Makerere University with a degree in Laws.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: During his Middle School holidays in 2003, his parents gave reasonable capital to start a business and he started small and locally, trading in commodities and merchandise from first hand importers abroad and selling them at a profit. With increased capital inflow, he progressed to a firsthand importer and started importing commodities from: China, Thailand, Hong Kong and Dubai. He could distribute them wholesale both in Ugandans and neighboring countries like Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, Congo and Sudan. Hamis accumulated more capital and upgraded to real estate, mainly buying and selling land and properties at a profit before I incorporated Ham Enterprises (U) Ltd and progressed to constructing and owning my commercial properties.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Hamis has now diversified into large scale industrialization, mainly focusing on Agro processing and value addition. He has embarked on a US$156 million project in the central region where advanced Integrated Agro-Processing Industrial Plants (IAIP) are being setup at Akright City as a pioneer project, with a goal of providing value addition for resident and international consumption of Uganda's Agro produce. The project aim is to promote import substitution by adding value to local produce rather than importation of agro-processed products. Silos (Storage Units) of over 500,000 metric ton, have already been established as reported by Forbes.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In 2015, President Museveni directed Kiggundu to re-construct and increase the capacity of Nakivubo Stadium into a modern state of the art sports facility with larger capacity. The Redevelopment works are a joint venture between the government of Uganda as the owner and Kiggundu as the developer through his company Ham Enterprises and ROKO Construction as the lead contractor.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In February 2017, Kiggundu smashed the timeworn structures and fenced off the entire stadium area to prepare for fresh construction works to commence.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In June 2018 Kiggundu wrote "Success and Failure Based on Reason and Reality" which advises on financial success and the need to have a sense of purpose. The Book became a bestseller in Uganda and by December 2018. It was nominated and consequently won an award of Business Motivational Book of the year from The National Book Forum of Uganda.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In June 2019 Hamis' book was reviewed, evaluated and eventually adopted by the Uganda Ministry of Education and Sports through the National Curriculum Development Center which put it on the "Uganda school curriculum."


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In February 2021, Kiggundu wrote a second book and "Reason as the World Masterpiece", a self-improvement book that focuses deeply on information about prosperity, self-development and advocates on the world human challenges, the solution to Africa's problems and Uganda's direct path from poverty to prosperity, with use of reason.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In 2019 he started Ham Foundation, a charity organization to improve on the people's lives and their communities.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In March 2020, Kiggundu through his Ham Foundation donated over 200 bicycles, Qurans, and prayer mats to Muslim clerics in the Greater Masaka Region of Uganda.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In April 2020 Kiggundu donated food relief to Uganda's COVID-19 task force. He also donated food supplies to over 100 Ugandan journalists through the Uganda Journalists Association but was also criticized for providing cash handouts to journalists.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In July 2021, Kiggundu donated to the Uganda Government 15,000 COVID-19 Vaccines doses doses for his employees and other Ugandans and additionally called upon Ugandan Corporate Entities to join him in saving lives as a way of giving back to the Ugandan Community where they operate.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In March 2020, Kiggundu was featured prominently boldly and clearly in Ugandan media for his court battle against Diamond Trust Bank. He alleged that the bank defrauded him over $30 Million (UGX 34.29 billion and USD 23. 4million) over the course of 10 years. He dragged the bank to the high court of Uganda under what he called "unclear debits" from his bank accounts.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In October 2020, Kiggundu won the case and the Ugandan High Court ordered Diamond Trust Bank to refund all the unlawfully withdrawn monies totaling to UGX 34.29 billion and USD 23.4 million with an additional 8% interest for legal costs.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: The court additionally ordered the bank to unconditionally release/discharge all mortgages allegedly created over all Kiggundu's properties and all corporate and personal guarantees issued by Kiggundu. The court also issued a permanent order to prevent DTB from enforcing the mortgages over Kiggundu's properties.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Diamond Trust Bank later appealed the decision in the High Court and were issued an order halting payment of the monies to Ham


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In 2018 Kiggundu was given an award as an acknowledgement for his book, "Success and Failure Based on Reason and Reality". It was nominated the best book of the year in the category of "Business Motivation" at an event held by the Book Forum of Uganda in Kampala.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In April 2021, Kiggundu started Internet entrepreneurship with Hamz Link an internet based company having many subsidiaries that use different web and mobile based platforms ranging from; Education, Communication, Online Shopping, Online Payment, Video hosting and Entertainment sectors.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Hamz Subsidiaries and platforms include: Hamz App, Hamz Line, Hamz Wave, Hamz Chart, Ham Pay, Hamz Club, Hamz E Mall, Hamz Agro and Hamz Campus among others which are primarily accessible for download from his own Android apps store, Ham App Store and also on other android and iOS stores.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Kiggundu is in the process of opening the Ham Agro Bank, a farmer’s Bank to accommodate for agrarian needs with Agro produce as the core instrument of trade, offering loans to farmers in form of Farming desires; for example: Machines, seeds, Services, pesticides among others. Farmers can then repay in form of Agro produce, according to Forbes. He also gave a hint on this plan while launching his book, Reason as the World Masterpiece in Kampala in March 2021 and also wrote about it in the book.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Kiggundu is now in the final stages of finishing the $156million a pilot project of the Ham Integrated Agro-Processing Industries in the Central region of Uganda which also be the Headquarters the entire project in Akright City, the Entebbe Express road-based industrial complex.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Kiggundu made the administration block for his Agro processing industries an exact replica of the US White House which he named The White House Uganda in his bid to attract future tourists, both local and international to boost Uganda's tourism industry and pioneer national growth and prosperity


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: In a bid to transform Uganda and discourage nationals from leaving their motherland in search of a better life, he decides to create what we called Ugandans' desire right at home by setting up a 5 star gated community which he named "Ham Palm Villas", with 500 homes, Villas and Apartments with all required amenities i.e. health and shopping facilities, international school , multi-sports complex, among others. building started in 2019 and is still on going.


title: Hamis Kiggundu

text: Kiggundu has a home located on the shores of Lake Victoria, popularly known as Ham’s Residence. The mansion was described as "palatial" by the Uganda Times.


title: God's Gonna Cut You Down

text: "God's Gonna Cut You Down", also known as "Run On" and "Run On for a Long Time", is a traditional folk song which has been recorded by many artists representing many genres. The lyrics are a warning to sinners that no matter how hard they try, they will not avoid God's judgment. Johnny Cash sang this song for an album called "" (2006).


title: Temple in Jerusalem

text: The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple (, transliterated "Bet HaMikdash", which means literally "The Holy House") stood on the Temple Mount "(Har HaBayit)" in the old city of Jerusalem. According to classical Jewish belief, it was the "footstool" of God's presence in the physical world. It was the place where Jews brought all the offerings described in the Torah.


title: Temple in Jerusalem

text: The First Temple, also called Solomon's Temple, was built by King Solomon in seven years during the 10th century BCE and has been dated astronomically to 957 BCE. It was the center of ancient Judaism. This first Temple was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. A new temple was built from 535 BCE to 516 BCE. That was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE. All of the outer walls still stand, although the Temple itself has long since been destroyed.


title: Temple in Jerusalem

text: The Islamic Dome of the Rock has stood on the site of the Temple since the late 7th Century CE. The al-Aqsa Mosque, from roughly the same period, also stands on the Temple courtyard.


title: Xis

text: He participated in the second edition of Casa dos Artistas in 2002 in SBT. However, at 21 days of confinement, left home due to new program participants. In the same year, he won his second trophy" "Best Video Rap"" in VMB.


title: Cupboard

text: A cupboard, also known as a cabinet, is furniture used for storage. Usually, a cupboard will be in the kitchen or bathroom of a house. It usually has one or more shelves to put items on. It can also have a door to close off the open shelves.


title: Rakesh Roshan

text: Rakesh Roshan (born Rakesh Roshan Lal Nagrath on 6 September 1949) is an Indian producer, director, screenwriter, editor, former actor in Hindi films. He is the son of Indian music director Roshanlal Nagrath. He acted in 84 films throughout the 1970s and 1980s till 1989. As an actor, he was mostly known for his supporting roles in big-budget films starring Sanjeev Kumar and Rajesh Khanna in the lead role. Later, he became famous for directing films with titles beginning with the letter "K" since 1987. This included the crime thriller "Karan Arjun" (1995), the romance "Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai" (2000), the science fiction "Koi... Mil Gaya" (2003) and the superhero "Krrish" film series (20062013). The latter three films starred his son Hrithik Roshan. Roshan won the Filmfare Award for Best Director for directing the films; "Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai" and "Koi... Mil Gaya". He is the father of actor Hrithik Roshan.


title: America's Army

text: America's Army is a multiplayer first-person shooter computer game series. It can be played using Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. It is the official game of the United States Army. The first version was free. It came out on July 4, 2002. It has been updated many times since then. The second important release was "America's Army: Special Forces" in November 2003. "America's Army" was made by the "MOVES Institute" at the Naval Postgraduate School. It is based on the Unreal engine.


title: America's Army

text: "America's Army" is a tactical shooter. It is also called a "serious games". According to the game's website, America's Army "provides civilians with an inside perspective and a virtual role in today's premier land force: the U.S. Army. The game is designed for verisimilitude and to provide an accurate portrayal of Soldier experiences across a number of occupations. In the game, players will explore progressive individual and collective training events within the game. Once they successfully completed these events they will advance to multiplayer operations in small units."


title: America's Army

text: On February 20, 2005 there were 4.6 million registered players, and 2.7 million of them had finished basic training. Also, there were more than 15,000 servers being used, and 1.3 million rounds being played each day. The game has been changed a lot. This keeps people interested in the game. It can be found as a free download on the Internet or on a CD-ROM at recruiting centers around the United States.


title: America's Army

text: In 1999, Lieutenant Colonel E. Casey Wardynski, a professor at the U.S Military Academy at West Point decided to tell the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Military Manpower about his idea for an online computer game. His basic idea eventually became America's Army. In the same year, fewer people were joining the army. . Congress decided to use "aggressive, innovative experiments" including America's Army to get more people to join the Army.


title: America's Army

text: The first release was July 4, 2002, and other changes (called patches) were added. On November 6, 2003, version 2.0 of "America's Army: Special Forces" was made. (Go here for more information about the different version). The Army is spending about USD$3 million a year to make more versions of the game.


title: America's Army

text: Another AA version called "America's Army: Rise of a Soldier" is available on Playstation 2 and Xbox. This version was developed by UbiSoft.


title: America's Army

text: Since "America's Army" was created, people have complained about its purpose. People have argued about the Army using its money to make a game. They are also worried about how this game will change people's lives.


title: America's Army

text: In "America's Army" there are teams of soldiers fighting in a war. The person who is playing controls a soldier of the "US Army" from the character's eyes. This is called first person.


title: America's Army

text: Players fight as either the US Army or Indigenous forces ("IF"). They fight against a team called "OPFOR" (Army lingo for "Opposing Forces"). There are different kinds of OPFORs called "insurgents", "enemy forces" or "terrorists".


title: America's Army

text: One of "America's Army"'s different features is the way the enemies are. The players are split into two different teams. There is usually an "assault" group and a "defense" group. The "assault" loses the round if the time limit runs out, which is usually ten minutes.


title: America's Army

text: The players on each team see themselves as American soldiers with American weapons, such as the "M16A2". Their opponents look like non-uniformed people with Eastern bloc weapons, like the "AK-47" (the counterpart of the "M16A2" in the game). In training maps the only distinguishing features are the players' uniforms. The development team did this to make the game realistic for players on both sides. They allowed everyone to play on the side of the American forces. They also avoided the problem of asking players to kill American soldiers.


title: America's Army

text: On the Special Forces maps, players can also play as non-uniformed people with Eastern bloc weapons (known as Indigenous forces ("IF") in the game), but be on the same team as regular army forces.


title: America's Army

text: This is confusing to many players because when they pick up an enemy weapon, it works differently than the US version. An AK-47 removed from a fallen opponent is fully automatic, more powerful, but less accurate than his M16. But when his opponent had it, to him it "was" an M16. The important thing is that each weapon behaves as the owner sees it. It transforms when it is picked up. If people pay a lot of attention might notice that the enemies weapons behave wrong, but it is hard to notice.


title: America's Army

text: Every round starts with both teams spawning at the same time. Players can join the other team, but cannot play as the OPFOR. Equipment is not bought but selected through choosing a class.


title: America's Army

text: The goal of the game is to complete the objectives, kill the enemy team. For example, one objective could be to kill the "V.I.P.", who is trying to survive and escape. If a player joined the other team, he would have to protect the same V.I.P. The round is over if a team wins0, or if the time limit is reached. For a listing of missions gohere.


title: America's Army

text: The game remembers how many people each player has killed, how many times each team has won, how many times each player has been killed, and how well the player is completing the objectives. The game then distributes score which calculates the player's "Honor" level.


title: America's Army

text: Every time a player is killed, every time he fails to protect an objective which he is assigned to defend, and especially every killing of teammates or his allies caused by friendly fire is called a violation of the "ROE" (Rules of engagement) in the game and has an extremely negative effect on his score and "Honor". If too many points are lost in a round, the player is put in "jail" and kicked out of the server. As of February 2005 95.2% of AA players had 0-20 HONOR points, 3.3% had 20-40 points, 1% had 40-60, and .4% had 61-80 points.


title: America's Army

text: Every healing of injured teammates and every killing of opponents increases a players score and "Honor". Completing the game's missions affects a player's score in a good way and his "Honor" points as well. The score is saved in the player's account that was being used. Some servers only allow players with certain Honor levels to join. The most common is to not let anyone with less than 10 Honor in because this is the base level that everyone starts with. Some also do not let players with too much Honor in. The developers say that "Honor" is based on the values of the Army: "Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity and Personal Courage or Leadership". Its main purpose in the game is stop "team-killing", which is a problem in a lot of online first-person shooters (see team killer).


title: America's Army

text: The game depicts real guns. The guns have all the same traits as the real versions. Each gun has different accuracy, power, recoil, and rate of jamming. To aim, there are cross-hairs and iron sights.


title: America's Army

text: Players may select a "class" like "squad leader", "rifleman", "automatic rifleman", "grenadier", or "sniper"; these classes decide what weapon the player will have at the beginning of each round. Some players from each team may be "medics". Medics can help their teammates get better after they get shot. Being a medic is an extra ability which is added to the class. The Honor points are used to decide which players gets which class. Players with more Honor usually get to pick their class first.


title: America's Army

text: Each gun also can jam in action. When a gun jams it means that it stops working because a part is stuck. The player then needs to press a button to fix the gun. This can be a problem because it makes it so that the player cannot shoot for a few seconds. AA was the first game ever to have player's guns jam.


title: America's Army

text: Every firearm in the game has either iron sights or a telescopic sight (for sniper rifles); while using the sights, a zoom effect enlarges objects in view. The iron sights enlarge to a small degree, the telescopic sights to large one. Until he stops zooming, the player's moving speed is additionally decreased.


title: America's Army

text: In the first few versions, weapons could only hurt players and glass. For example, a grenade could not destroy a television but a gun could put a bullet hole in the screen. Compared to most games, the grenades and are more deadly. They tried to make the blast radius of grenades more like real life than it usually is in other games. Getting hurt by weapons always leads to some bleeding, which causes a player's health gauge to go down over time. Injuries make players slower, they also make it harder for the player to shoot where they are aiming. Sometimes, if the player does not get help from a medic, they will die.


title: America's Army

text: In the newer versions of the game players can make changes to their weapons. For example, the M4 Carbine can be change in different ways and let the soldier have features that work better on a certain map. For example, on a large map a scope and a bi-pod might be picked, but in a city a player might choose only iron sights and a M203 grenade launcher.


title: America's Army

text: Every player starts the round with one or two guns, some grenades and, on some maps, night vision goggles or binoculars. A list of the weapons is here:


title: America's Army

text: The map list is sorted by the version they were released with, with newer maps coming first. The game currently has 28 multiplayer maps and 14 single player training missions. Completing these training missions unlocks things like the ability to play online or to become a medic, a special forces unit or a sniper. Maps have different sizes, objectives, and weapons that players can have.


title: America's Army

text: However, no known custom maps have been made because there is no level editor for the game and the developers made it impossible for players to use the level design computer program "UnrealEd", which works for other Unreal engine games.


title: Boredom

text: Boredom is an emotional state that comes when a person has nothing to do, and is not interested in anything. To stop boredom, most people do something to occupy or amuse themselves.


title: Boredom

text: The first known use of the word "boredom" is in the novel "Bleak House" by Charles Dickens, written in 1852, but the saying "to be a bore" had been used to mean "to be tiresome or dull" since 1768.


title: Boredom

text: Psychologically, boredom is a bad state in which the person feels a deep lack of interest in what is going on around them, and where it is hard to focus.


title: Shelley Winters

text: Shelley Winters (Shirley Schrift August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American movie actress who appeared in many blockbuster movies such as "Place in the Sun", "The Big Knife", "Lolita", "The Night of the Hunter", "Alfie", and "The Poseidon Adventure". Her career spanned over 50 years until her death in 2006. Winters won Academy Awards for her acting in "The Diary of Anne Frank" and "A Patch of Blue".


title: Shelley Winters

text: Winters was born on August 18, 1920 in St. Louis, Missouri to Rose (née Winter) and to Jonas Schrift. She was raised in Brooklyn, New York City. She was educated at The New School.


title: Shelley Winters

text: Winters' career began in 1943 in the movie "There's Something About a Soldier" and since then she appeared in over 100 movies, such as; "Escape in the Fog", "New Orleans", "The Greatest Story Ever Told", "Flap", "Black Journal", "Fanny Hill", "Jury Duty", and her final movie "A-List".


title: Shelley Winters

text: Winters has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame in 1992.


title: Shelley Winters

text: Winters was married to Paul Meyer from 1937 until they divorced in 1948. Later she married Vittorio Gassman from 1949 until they divorced in 1954. Thirdly she married Anthony Franciosa from 1957 until they divorced in 1960. Lastly she married Gerry DeFord from 2006 until her death in 2006. Winters only had one child with Grassman.


title: Shelley Winters

text: Winters died on January 14, 2006 in at a hospital in Beverly Hills, California home from heart failure, she was 85 years old. Five days later, her ex-husband Anthony Franciosa died from a stroke.


title: Train to Busan

text: Train to Busan (, lit: To Busan) is a 2016 South Korean zombie apocalypse action thriller movie directed by Yeon Sang-ho and starring Gong Yoo, Jung Yu-mi, Kim Su-an, Choi Woo-shik, Ahn So-hee, and Ma Dong-seok with Kim Eui-sung. The movie mostly takes place on a high-speed train from Seoul to Busan, as a zombie apocalypse suddenly breaks out in the country putting the safety of the passengers at risk.


title: Train to Busan

text: The movie premiered on 13 May 2016 at the Cannes Film Festival. On 7 August, the movie set a record as the first Korean movie of 2016 to break the audience record of over 10 million audience turnout.


title: Antonio Meucci

text: Antonio Meucci (Florence, April 13, 1808 – October 18, 1889) was an Italian inventor. He invented the first type of telephone, also known as the first 'talking telegraph' 1857. In 2002, the United States House of Representatives ruled that he invented the first working telephone, although Alexander Graham Bell was first to patent it.


title: Student of the Year

text: Student of the Year is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Karan Johar, based on a story by Johar and a script by Rensil D'Silva and Niranjan Iyengar, and produced by Hiroo Yash Johar under the banner of Dharma Productions and Gauri Khan under Red Chillies Entertainment. The movie stars Sidharth Malhotra, Alia Bhatt and Varun Dhawan in the lead roles, and Rishi Kapoor, Sana Saeed, Ronit Roy, Sahil Anand, Ram Kapoor and Farida Jalal are all playing major supporting roles, with Boman Irani, Kajol, Farah Khan and Vaibhavi Merchant in guest appearances. This movie marks the debuts of Sidharth Malhotra, Alia Bhatt and Varun Dhawan. Notably, this is also the first of several collaborations of Bhatt and Dhawan. The film's plot is this - The friendship of Abhi (Sidharth Malhotra) and Rohan (Varun Dhawan) is shaken when Abhi falls for their mutual friend, Shanaya (Alia Bhatt).


title: Student of the Year

text: "Student of the Year" was released on 19 October 2012 in over 1400 locations across India. The movie received positive reviews and was successful at the box office as well as one of the highest-grossing Bollywood movies of 2012.


title: Student of the Year

text: An unrelated sequel, "Student of the Year 2", was released on 10 May 2019, starring Tiger Shroff alongside debutantes Tara Sutaria and Ananya Panday. Bhatt made a special appearance in the music video of a song in the end credits. The sequel didn't do as well as this movie but it was still successful at the box office.


title: Kingdom of Kotte

text: The Kingdom of Kotte (Sinhala: කෝට්ටේ රාජධානිය "Kottay Rajadhaniya"), centered on Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte , was a kingdom that flourished in Sri Lanka during the 15th century.


title: Kingdom of Kotte

text: Parakramabahu VI first became the king of Raigama in 1412, then in 1415 he made Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte his capital. The King upgraded the existing citadel and built a new royal palace. Parakramabahu VI waited until ties between the Vijayanagara Empire and Jaffna Kingdom were severed. First he captured the Vanni and made its leaders loyal to him. Sapumal Kumaraya was the commander of the Kotte army at the time. Tamil served as one of the court languages of the Kotte kingdom at this time.


title: Black Hole (2019 movie)

text: The world premiere took place on July 11, 2019 at the Revelation Perth International Film Festival. The movie won the special jury prize of the 2019 Bardak Short Film Independent Film Festival.


title: Black Hole (2019 movie)

text: An astrophysics professor leads a lecture about a black hole that absorbs everything around it. He doesn't know yet that he will also be enveloped by this black hole.


title: Black Hole (2019 movie)

text: The movie took part in multiple international film festivals, including the Revelation Perth International Film Festival. On September 29, 2019, he received a special jury prize at the Bardak Short Film Independent Film Festival in Kharkiv.


title: Batting (cricket)

text: In the sport of cricket, batting is the act or skill of hitting the cricket ball with a cricket bat. It is done to score runs or prevent the loss of one's wicket.


title: Batting (cricket)

text: Any player who is currently batting is called a batter even if they are better in any other skills in cricket. Batters have to adapt to various conditions when playing on different cricket pitches, especially in different countries. A top-level batter has good reflexes, decision-making and strategy with excellent physical batting skills.


title: Batting (cricket)

text: During an innings two members of the batting side are on the pitch. The one facing the current delivery from the bowler is called 'the striker', while the other is the non-striker. When a batter is out, he is replaced by a teammate. This continues until the end of the innings or until 10 of the team members are out. After the batting of first team is over the other team gets a turn to bat.


title: Batting (cricket)

text: Batting tactics and strategy depends on the type of match being played. It also depends on the current state of play. Batters try to score many runs quickly without losing their wicket. To score quickly, risky shots must be played which increases the chances of batters being out. Batters’ safest choice is to guard the stumps but this may result in scoring fewer runs.


title: Batting (cricket)

text: As with all other cricket statistics, batting statistics and records are given much attention. It helps to know how effectively a batter is playing. The main statistic for batting is a player's batting average. This is calculated by dividing the number of runs he has scored by the number of times he has been out (dismissed).


title: Summer of '69

text: "Summer of '69" is the fifth single off Canadian rock musician Bryan Adams' fourth studio album "Reckless". The song was released in June 1985.


title: Summer of '69

text: When Adams appeared on The Early Show in 2008, he revealed that the song was about sex and making love in the summertime. He also said that "69" was a reference to the sexual position, 69. It is one of Adams' most well known songs and is one of his most successful. It won the BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.) Citation of Achievement for US radio airplay in 1985. In 1986, it won the Procan Award (Performing Rights Organization of Canada) for Canadian radio airplay and in 2000 it won a Socan Classics Award for more than 100,000 Canadian radio performances.


title: Gennaro Gattuso

text: Gennaro Gattuso (born 9 January 1978) is an ex-Italian football player. He used to play for Milan and Italy national team. He announced his retirement. It will be on June 2012.


title: Template

text: A template is a tool that shows the shape of something or it is a tool to help make something. It can separate the form of something from the things inside it.


title: Template

text: In drawing, a template can be a wood, plastic or metal tool that is used to help make marks with a pen or pencil. Lines can be drawn on paper, or on metal or wood to make the same shape many times.


title: Template

text: In publishing for example, a template is a layout made by someone else to give an idea what to write in different parts of a book or story. A simple publishing template can have spaces for the words, for pictures, for the story title (name), and for the name of the publication.


title: Template

text: Humans or machines can use templates. Some computer programs that work with the Internet use a template to separate the way the program works from the way it shows the words and pictures. It can be a way to copy words and pictures. In computer programming, templates save time because the programmer does not need to write the same words over and over.


title: Template

text: When doctors plan to give a person a new bone joint made of metal or plastic, they can use a template in the shape of the new joint. This type of template is put on an x-ray picture of the person to help to decide the size of joint needed.


title: Robert Lopez

text: Robert Lopez (born February 23, 1975), also known as Bobby Lopez, is an American songwriter. He is best known for co-creating "The Book of Mormon" and "Avenue Q".


title: Robert Lopez

text: He also co-wrote the songs heard in the Disney computer-animated movies "Frozen", its sequel, "Frozen II", and "Coco", with his wife Kristen Anderson-Lopez.


title: Robert Lopez

text: He is one of the few people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award and is the only person to win each award twice.


title: Antigen

text: An antigen is a molecule on the outside of a pathogen (a "germ"). It causes the production of antibodies which stick to the invading virus or bacterium. This is an immune response.


title: Antigen

text: Antigens are usually a protein on the outside of a bacterium or virus. It gets recognized by the adaptive immune system as foreign, and this stimulates the production of antibodies. The antibodies combine with the antigens and make the invading virus or bacterium ineffective. Antigens "stimulate" the production of antibodies: they do not produce them directly. Vaccines for the seasonal flu virus is a common example.


title: Antigen

text: The body system is normally tolerant of its own molecules, which don't trigger an attack. Autoimmune diseases are caused when this safeguard fails.


title: Antigen

text: The first time that a new antigen comes into contact with the body the response of the immune system will be a complete immune response. During this first response, the antigen will cause antibodies to be made.


title: Antigen

text: The next time the same antigen contacts the body, a full-scale immune response is not needed as the body already has a specific antibody available instantly for that antigen.


title: Antigen

text: Vaccinations usually contain dead bacteria or antigen so the antibodies can recognise it later and make antibodies faster.


title: Infertility

text: Infertile means not able to have children or other offspring. Humans can be infertile, but animals and plants can too. When a human couple is infertile, they sometimes have fertility treatment to have children. This can be insemination or IVF. They also sometimes adopt a child.


title: Book of Zechariah

text: The Book of Zechariah is a book of the Bible found in the Old Testament and the Jewish Tanakh thought to be written by the prophet Zechariah. The name "Zechariah" means "God remembered." We don't know much about Zechariah. The book itself tells us only that his grandfather was Iddo, a priest who returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon.


title: Book of Zechariah

text: Chapters 1 to 6, written in 520 BC, start by telling the nation's history as a warning to the people. Then come eight visions, which show more about the history of Israel. These are to give the people hope. We are then told about the crowning of Jeshua/Joshua the priest. This showed that their religion was being restored. Then Zechariah tells that the kingdoms of the world will someday become the kingdom of God's Messiah.


title: Book of Zechariah

text: Chapters 7 and 8 were written two years later. The people were keeping days of sorrow to remind them of the loss of their city 70 years ago. They are told that now they can now have days to celebrate the return home and can be assured that now God is with them and will make them happy.


title: Book of Zechariah

text: Chapters 9 to 11 tell of a future time when the nations around them would be destroyed by an army, but Jerusalem would be kept from destruction. This seems to have been talking about the coming of Alexander the Great with his army which happened in 332 BC. Tyre was taken by building a land bridge from the shore to the island city which was thought to be safe from capture. He also destroyed the city of Gaza. But Alexander did not destroy Jerusalem when he came there. Zechariah said that after these wars the Messiah would come.


title: Book of Zechariah

text: Chapters 12 to 14 tell about the glories that await Israel in "the latter day", the final conflict and triumph of God's kingdom.


title: Book of Zechariah

text: Most Christians read the predictions in chapters 7 to 14 as talking about Jesus, either directly or indirectly. These chapters helped the writers of the Gospels understand Jesus’ suffering, death and resurrection, which they quoted as they wrote of Jesus’ final days. One of these quotes is from Chapter 9, verse 9, "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, your King comes unto you: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon a donkey." All four Gospels tell of Jesus riding into Jerusalem on a donkey and two of them say that Zechariah told of this ahead of time.


title: Ruins

text: Ruins are the parts of buildings that are left after they have been destroyed and cannot be used properly any more. Many ruins are ancient and famous like the ruins of the forum of Ancient Rome, or the ruins of Tintagel Castle on the coast of Cornwall. Ruins can be caused by wars or by natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires and volcanos. Sometimes people leave a house or a village to stand empty, and move somewhere else. When this happens, the house or village slowly becomes a ruin.


title: Ruins

text: Historic ruins are often a good place for archaeologists to search for evidence of the way people used to live. Often the ruins have all sorts of interesting things buried in them. Archaeologists call the things that they find "artefacts". Artefacts might include beautiful artworks, jewellry and gold coins but usually they are ordinary things like cooking pots, mugs, spoons, hair combs, pipes, old shoes, broken toys and rats' nests. Historians use the evidence found by the archaeologists to write about the place and what might have happened there.


title: Ruins

text: Other people who find ruins very interesting are artists. Many artists have drawn or painted pictures of ruined buildings. In the 18th and 19th centuries, pictures of ruins became very popular.


title: Niobe

text: In Greek mythology, Niobe (Νιόβη) was the daughter of the semi-legendary ruler Tantalus, called the "Phrygian" and sometimes even as "King of Phrygia" Tantalus ruled in Sipylus, a city located at the western end of Anatolia. The city has the same name than the mountain on which it was founded (Mount Sipylus) and of which few traces remain, and not in the traditional heartland of Phrygia lying more inland and centered around Gordion. Niobe was an Anatolian princess. She married Amphion of Thebes and Greek mythology was a vehicle for her historical record mixed with legends. Niobe was the sister of Pelops, who gave his name to the Peloponnese.


title: Niobe

text: According to the Greek myth, Niobe boasted of her superiority to Leto because the goddess only had two children, the twins Apollo and Artemis, while Niobe had fourteen children (the Niobids), seven male and seven female. Her famously quoted speech which caused the indignation of the goddess is as follows:


title: Niobe

text: Artemis killed Niobe's daughters and Apollo killed Niobe's sons as they practiced athletics, with the last begging for his life. The bodies of her children lay for nine days unburied, for Zeus had changed the people to stone; on the tenth day they were buried by the gods. Apollo and Artemis used poisoned arrows to kill them, though according to some versions at least one Niobid was spared, (usually Meliboea). Amphion, at the sight of his dead sons, either killed himself or was killed by Apollo for swearing revenge. A devastated Niobe fled to Mount Sipylus (Spil Mount) of Lydia in Anatolia and was turned into a stone waterfall as she wept unceasingly. Spil Mount has a natural rock formation resembling a female face claimed to be Niobe, not to be confused with a sculpture carved into the rock-face of nearby crag Coddinus, north of Spil Mount, probably representing Cybele and attributed by the locals to Broteas, the ugly brother of Niobe. The rock formation is also known as the "Weeping Stone", as the stone is said to have wept tears during the summer. The rock appears to weep because it is porous limestone and rainwater seeps through the pores.


title: Niobe

text: There are various accounts about how and where Niobe died; the story that returns Niobe from Thebes to her Lydian homeland is recorded in "Bibliotheke" 3.46.


title: Niobe

text: The names and number of her children, and the time and place of their death, are variously given. This , described by Pausanias (i. 21) and Quintus Smyrnaeus (i. 293-306), both natives of the district, was the appearance assumed by a cliff on Sipylus when seen from a distance and from the proper point of view (see Jebb on Sophocles, "Antigone," 831). It is to be distinguished from an archaic figure still visible, carved in the northern side of the mountain near Magnesia, to which tradition has given the name of Niobe, but which is really intended for Cybele.


title: Niobe

text: According to some, Niobe is the goddess of snow and winter, whose children, slain by Apollo and Artemis, symbolize the ice and snow melted by the sun in spring; according to others, she is an earth-goddess, whose progeny - vegetation and the fruits of the soil - is dried up and slain every summer by the shafts of the sun-god. Burmeister regards the legend as an incident in the struggle between the followers of Dionysus and Apollo in Thebes, in which the former were defeated and driven back to Lydia. Heffter builds up the story round the dripping rock in Lydia, really representing an Asiatic goddess, but taken by the Greeks for an ordinary woman. Enmann, who interprets the name as "she who prevents increase" (in contrast to Leto, who made women prolific), considers the main point of the myth to be Niobe's loss of her children. He compares her story with that of Lamia, who, after her children had been slain by Zeus, retired to a lonely cave and carried off and killed the children of others. The appearance of the rock on Sipylus gave rise to the story of Niobe having been turned to stone. The tragedians used her story to point the moral of the instability of human happiness; Niobe became the representative of human nature, liable to pride in prosperity and forgetfulness of the respect and submission due to the gods.


title: Niobe

text: The tragic story of Niobe was a favourite subject in literature and art. Aeschylus and Sophocles wrote tragedies upon it; Ovid has described it at length in his "Metamorphoses." In art, the most famous representation was a marble group of Niobe and her children, taken by Sosius to Rome and set up in the temple of Apollo Sosianus (Pliny, "Nat. Hist." xxxvi. 4). What is probably a Roman imitation of this work was found in 1583 near the Lateran, and is now in the Uffizi gallery at Florence. In ancient times it was disputed whether the original was the work of Praxiteles or Scopas, and modern authorities are not agreed as to its identity with the group mentioned by Pliny.


title: Niobe

text: The story of Niobe is an ancient one among Greeks: Niobe is mentioned by Achilles to Priam in Homer's "Iliad" book XXIV, as a stock type for mourning. Priam is like Niobe in that he is grieving for his son Hector, who was killed and not buried for several days. Niobe is also mentioned in Sophocles'


title: Niobe

text: "Antigone": as she is marched toward her death, Antigone compares her own loneliness to that of Niobe. The "Niobe" of Aeschylus, set in Thebes, survives in fragmentary quotes that were supplemented by a papyrus sheet containing twenty-one lines of text. From the fragments it appears that for the first part of the tragedy the grieving Niobe sits veiled and silent. Sophocles too contributed a "Niobe" that is lost. Furthermore, the conflict between Niobe and Leto is mentioned in one of Sappho's poetic fragments, ("Before they were mothers, Leto and Niobe had been the most devoted of friends.") The subject of Niobe and the destruction of the Niobids was part of the repertory of Attic vase-painters and inspired sculpture groups and wall frescoes as well as relief carvings on Roman sarcophagi.


title: Niobe

text: Niobe's iconic tears were also mentioned in Hamlet's soliloquy (Act 1, Scene 2), in which he contrasts his mother's grief over the dead King, Hamlet's father — "like Niobe, all tears" —


title: Jasminum officinale

text: For thousands of years, the Jasmine has been cultivated not only for the beauty of its small, white, star-like flowers, but also for its intoxicating scent.


title: Jasminum officinale

text: It is native to the foothills of the Western Himalayas and the Indus Valley plains of the Pakistani Punjab. The plant was cultivated and brought to the rest of the Indian subcontinent, China, the Middle East and other regions of Asia. From there, it spread into France, Italy and the Mediterranean, and eventually it was introduced to the rest of Western Europe and Britain. Today, Jasmine is grown and cultivated all over the world in its many varieties.


title: Jasminum officinale

text: Since Jasmine has been cultivated all over the world for its flowers and scent, there are different varieties, and each type of Jasmine is associated with different meanings. In Pakistan, Jasmine is a very common plant and one can find it in any garden. Because of its attractive scent, the white Jasmine symbolizes attachment and represents amiability and modesty; therefore, Jasmine is named as the National flower of Pakistan respectively.


title: Harry Nilsson

text: "Without her" is one of his early hits. This number is nowadays considered one of his standards as Blood, Sweat & Tears did later an jazzy cover on their album. His biggest hits were during the late 1960s and the 1970s. His songs include "Me And My Arrow", "Coconut", "Cuddly Toy", "Spaceman", and "One". "One" was also a hit for the band Three Dog Night. Nilsson's two most famous songs were "Without You" and "Everybody's Talkin'". These songs were written by other people. "Without You" has been re-recorded many times by other singers. It was written by Peter Ham and Tom Evans of Badfinger. "Everybody's Talkin'" was used in the 1969 movie "Midnight Cowboy". The song was written by Fred Neil.


title: Harry Nilsson

text: Nilsson recorded a tribute to The Beatles on his first album. He used lines from fifteen of their songs in one cover version of "You Can't Do That". Derek Taylor, who worked for the Beatles, sent them copies of the album, and Nilsson became a friend of the band. He later shared a house with John Lennon and Ringo Starr. They worked together on each other's music.


title: Harry Nilsson

text: Nilsson also wrote a cartoon movie named "The Point!". It was broadcast on ABC. It was about tolerance and diversity. "The Point!" was later turned into a musical. One production of the musical starred former Monkees Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones. The Monkees had recorded two of Nilsson's songs, "Cuddly Toy" and "Daddy's Song", after they met him through producer Chip Douglas.


title: Siege of Tobruk

text: The Siege of Tobruk was a battle in Libya during the North African Campaign of World War II. It lasted for 241 days. The battle was between Axis and Allied Forces. The battle started on 11 April 1941, when Tobruk was besieged by an Italian and Nazi German force commanded by Lieutenant General Erwin Rommel. The siege continued for 240 days up to 27 November 1941. On that date, the Allied 8th Army took control of Tobruk.


title: Siege of Tobruk

text: The reason that both sides wanted to control Tobruk is that it had a deep protected harbour. This made it a good place for ships to seek shelter. As well, the Italians had built fortifications. There were also escarpments and cliffs near Tobruk, which helped to protect the town from attack.


title: Siege of Tobruk

text: The Allies wanted to control Tobruk so that they could defend Egypt and the Suez Canal. When the Axis armies could no longer use the port at Tobruk, they had to bring in supplies at the distant port of Tripoli. This required the Axis armies to bring the supplies by truck through of desert. After the Allies won Tobruk, the Axis armies continuted fighting to take it back. The Axis armies fired many artillery shells at Tobruk and dropped many bombs on the town.


title: Drunk driving

text: Drunk driving (Drink driving in the UK and Australia) is the act of driving a motor vehicle (car, truck, etc.) while under the effects of alcohol. Drunk driving is illegal in most areas of the world. In some places, driving a motorless vehicle such as a bicycle while drunk is also illegal.


title: Drunk driving

text: Most "areas that make laws" ("jurisdictions") started with DWI (driving while intoxicated) laws, banning just alcohol. Later, most changed them to DUI (driving under the influence) laws, adding other drugs to those banned while driving. The most common blood alcohol content (BAC) limit in the United States is 0.08% for the legal meaning of drunk. Only three states still use the more lax, original standard of 0.10%. Many jurisdictions add extra penalties (more jail time and/or a longer DUI program) in cases where the driver's BAC is over 0.20%.


title: Drunk driving

text: The first place in the United States to adopt laws against drunk driving was the state of New York in 1910, with California (1911) and others doing the same later. Early laws simply banned driving while drunk, with no mention of what BAC was banned (which means how drunk the person is). The state of Georgia was one of the last states to make laws against drunk driving. One of the years with the most alcohol related crashes was 1982. The year 1982 had 26,173 alcohol related deaths due to drunk driving.


title: Drunk driving

text: In the US, most of the laws were greatly tightened in the early 1980s, largely due to pressure from groups like Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) and Young Adults Educating Responsible Drinking.


title: S. Epatha Merkerson

text: Sharon Epatha Merkerson (the middle name is pronounced ee-pay-thuh), known as S. Epatha Merkerson, is an American actress. She was born on November 28, 1952. She is best known as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren in the "Law & Order" television series. She was on "Law & Order" from 1993 until it stopped airing new episodes in 2010, and she was in 391 episodes. This was more than any other actor on the show.


title: S. Epatha Merkerson

text: She has won a Golden Globe, an Emmy award, an Obie Award, four NAACP Image Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.


title: Leo Sharp

text: Leonard Sharp (May 7, 1924 – December 12, 2016) was an American World War II veteran and notorious drug courier, or "mule". He transported drugs, mostly cocaine, across the United States, mostly to and from the southern US border and Detroit, Michigan. He allegedly transported more than 1,000 pounds of cocaine during his years of dealing.


title: Leo Sharp

text: He widely considered by the Sinola cartel and DEA authorities as an urban legend in Detroit until his arrest in 2013. He pleaded not guilty in October 2013 and was sentenced to three years in prison in May 2014. Sharp was the oldest drug mule in the World. He was released from prison in 2015 due to poor health.


title: Leo Sharp

text: Sharp was born in Michigan City, Indiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. He fought in World War II and received a Bronze Star Medal for his service.


title: Leo Sharp

text: Sharp had dementia. He died of the natural causes related to the disease on December 12, 2016 in Michigan at the age of 92.


title: Leo Sharp

text: The 2018 movie "The Mule" is based on Sharp's life, with Clint Eastwood playing "Earl Stone" (based on Sharp).


title: Upland and lowland

text: Upland and lowland are terms used in ecology, physical geography and geology. They describe the relative height of land above sea level.


title: Upland and lowland

text: Uplands have rivers and streams which are fast-flowing, clear, and with plenty of oxygen. They drain high or mountainous country, and go down into broad plains (where they become lowland rivers. Lowlands usually have warmer, slow-flowing waters carrying lots of sediment and with poor oxygen content.


title: Upland and lowland

text: Upland rivers run fast and cut through rock (Colorado River). Lowland rivers meander slowly towards the coast (Mississippi River). They carry lots of soil and are a dark colour. Therefore the fish and other animals which live in the river are quite different according to the two stages or types of river.