title: Paula Radcliffe

text: During Radcliffe's highly successful 2002 season, foreign media, were convinced that she was taking drugs. But Radcliffe asked UK Sport to reveal her drugs tests. They showed that she had been tested five times and on each occasion was clean. Radcliffe said she was unhappy with the whispers coming from French newspaper L'Equipe. She asked for the IAAF to conduct random blood and urine samples before the Chicago marathon. She also asked them to freeze the samples so when tougher testers are developed they can prove that she ran clean. One of her blood samples were deemed suspicious by a doping agency. Paula however said she was innocent and not a cheater.


title: Paula Radcliffe

text: Paula Radcliffe was born to Peter and Pat Radcliffe. She was born on the 17 December 1973 in Cheshire. Radcliffe is the great-niece of 1920 Olympic Silver medalist Charlotte Radcliffe. Radcliffe has a brother. Martin. He is two years younger than her. Radcliffe's family moved to Oakley, Bedfordshire when she was 11. Radcliffe achieved four A levels at grade A in French, German, Maths and General Studies, while at Sharnbrook Upper School in Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire. Radcliffe had a choice between Loughborough and Cambridge for University. She chose Loughborough. In 1996 she finished her degree a few months early so she could prepare for the Olympic Games.


title: Paula Radcliffe

text: Radcliffe met her husband Gary Lough at Loughborough University. At University Radcliffe studied French, German and economics. She left university with a first-class honours degree in modern European studies. Lough and Radcliffe married in 2000. They have two children. In 2007 they had their first child, Isla. Their second child, Raphael, was born on 29 September 2010. But had to be resuscitated as he had his Umbilical cord wound round his neck. Radcliffe first said of wanting to start a family in.


title: Paula Radcliffe

text: In the 2002 Queen's Birthday Honours, Radcliffe was awarded an MBE. In October she was given her MBE saying; "It means a great deal to me, it's a great honour and it really tops off an amazing year. To come here and receive this and to meet the Queen at the end of it just finishes it off perfectly." Radcliffe became the first Britain in 2006 to win the Abebe Bikila Award. At the end of 2010 Radcliffe was voted England Athletics athlete of the decade.


title: Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi

text: Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (born 1 or 5 October 1976 ; alternative transliterations al-Qurayshi and al-Quraishi – 3 February 2022) was the second leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant from 2019 until his death in 2022.


title: Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi

text: In January 2020, media reported his true identity is Amir Mohammed Abdul Rahman al-Mawli al-Salbi (). His appointment by a shura council was announced by ISIL media on 31 October 2019, less than a week after the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.


title: Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi

text: Until his death, the U.S. Rewards for Justice Program offered up to $10 million reward to information that brings him to justice.


title: Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi

text: On 3 February 2022, it was reported by a U.S. official that al-Hashimi killed himself and members of his family by triggering a bomb during a raid by the United States Military.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Pororo the Little Penguin is a Clockwork Zoo 3D computer animation series planned by Iconix Entertainment and produced by Ocon, DHX Media, and Budge Studios. Each season has 52 episodes and three seasons have been aired in South Korea until now. In 2003, Season 1 was aired in 27 November 2003 on the Korean channel, EBS. In the beginning, 22 episodes of season 1 were made by North Korean company, Samcholli. About 110 countries imported Pororo and aired it. Pororo is so loved by children in Korea and he is perceived as an idol of children, so he is called Bbo-tong-ryung (뽀통령 in Korean) which means president Pororo.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Pororo and little animal friends live together in the town covered all over with snow and ice. Pororo, a little curious penguin, and his friends are all different, so great and small commotions occur in this little town. Then one day, when Pororo and his friends hang out as usual, they find novelty egg under a tree in the woods. Pororo takes that egg to his house. Surprisingly, the egg hatches out and the little dinosaur is born, whose name is Crong. Crong becomes new friends of Pororo. Pororo and his friends learn lessons and form a friendship through adventures © 2007 DHX Media, Pororo All Right Reserved. license by DHX Media


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Pororo - The main character of this animation. He is little blue penguin. He always acts on impulse, because he is very curious. He is obsessed about unusual stuff. He enjoys adventures and challenges.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Crong - A little dinosaur who is found in the snow. He is a troublemaker. He wants to know many things and do many things.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Eddy - A little fox who wants to be a scientist. He invents many things that cause problems. He shows off himself and his inventions.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Poby - A big polar bear. He is so kind that he is always there to help his friends when they are in trouble.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Tongtong - A little dragon who has magical powers. He can fly and transform before. He appears in the animation from season 3.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Loopy - A little beaver. She is a crybaby who is very timid. However, she is nice to her friends and takes care of them.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

text: Harry - A little bird who is pleasant. Even though he is tone-deaf, he enjoys singing. He always brightens up the atmosphere.


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891–January 28, 1960) was an American folklorist, socio-cultural anthropologist, and author focused on African American culture during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, best known for the 1937 novel "Their Eyes Were Watching God".


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: Zora Neale Hurston was born in Alabama to her parents who were freedmen or people who used to be enslaved. When she was still a child, her family moved to Eatonville, Florida which was the first all-black town with its own local laws in the United States. After her mother died, Hurston worked to grow her education and later ended up in New York City during the Harlem Renaissance. This was an influential period in Hurston's life as she saw African Americans have more pride in their identity. The result of the Harlem Renaissance was a rise in the number of African Americans who could read and write, which made it easier for them to express themselves using art .


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: Zora Neale Hurston left New York City in 1921 to attend Howard University where she continued to explore African American culture and co-founded the school's newspaper "The Hilltop" . In 1925, Hurston earned a scholarship to Barnard College where she studied anthropology with Franz Boas. Hurston then continued to learn at Columbia University where she got a graduate degree in anthropology.


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: As mentioned above, Zora Neale Hurston studied anthropology under Franz Boas, who was known for his work in cultural relativism. This is the idea that each culture has their own beliefs and practices so they cannot be compared to one another. It was when she was working with Boas that Hurston began her field work in New York City during the Harlem Renaissance.


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: Hurston was encouraged by Boas to study the spread of African cultural practices and ideas. This is what led to her studies on African American folklore in the American south. Some of these trips to the South were funded by Charlotte Mason who was an American philanthropist who supported African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance.


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: Hurston was also influenced by Fannie Hurst, who she worked for as an amanuensis, or an artistic writing assistant. During this time, Hurston aided her with the writing of manuscripts and gathered information about regular people.


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: Like her influences, Zora Neale Hurston sought to capture and preserve cultures as they were in real life. Hurston wrote about many cultures including Haiti and Jamaica, but most of her writings were about African American culture. Hurston wanted to preserve the perspective, narrative, and dialect of African American populations while fighting stereotypes through her writings . Hurston's work as a socio-cultural anthropologist is so valued because she herself was an African American woman, and she used plays, books, and collections of folktales.


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: Zora Neale Hurston's unique writing style she used to preserve rural African American dialects set her apart from other anthropologists, but not everyone thought that was a good thing. Hurston's main critics were other African Americans who saw her portrayal of rural African Americans as a setback and they felt that she made African Americans sound uneducated.


title: Zora Neale Hurston

text: As mentioned, early in her academic career, Zora Neale Hurston was the co-founder of "The Hilltop," which is currently the oldest African American collegiate newspaper in the United States . After getting her Master's degree, Hurston went on to become a drama teacher at North Carolina Collee for Negros, now known as North Carolina Central University. Hurston had published multiple fictional writings, plays, and books during her career. She was also an employee at the library of congress.


title: Chained to the Rhythm

text: "Chained to the Rhythm" is a 2017 disco and dancehall song by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry. Skip Marley, the grandson of Jamaican singer Bob Marley, raps in the song. It is taken from Perry's fifth studio album, "Witness", and is the ninth track on the album. It is about partying and being aware of things in society.


title: Chained to the Rhythm

text: The song hit #1 in Mexico and Hungary. It also hit the top five in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other countries. In the United States, the song entered at #4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. On April 27, 2017, the song was certified platinum in the United States for sales and streams equal to one million copies.


title: Chained to the Rhythm

text: For her fifth studio album, Perry said she wanted to make purposeful pop music. She had gotten depressed when Donald Trump was elected President of the United States in November 2016 and was not in the mood to "write a club banger."


title: Chained to the Rhythm

text: The video for the song is set in a carnival-type land called Oblivia and shows Perry riding amusement park rides. It was released on February 21, 2017.


title: Phnom Penh

text: Phnom Penh (; official Romanization: Phnum Pénh; IPA: [pʰnum peːɲ]) is the capital city of Cambodia. It is the largest and most populous city in the country. It is also the capital of the Phnom Penh administrative city. On April 17 1975, it was seized by the Khmer Rouge who soon forced everyone to leave. It was later retaken from the Khmer Rouge by the Vietnamese Army in January 1979.


title: Thorax

text: In mammals, the parts that make up the thorax are the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs. It starts from the neck and stops at the diaphragm.


title: Thorax

text: In insects and crustaceans, it is the middle of the three main body sections. The walking legs are usually on the thorax.


title: Toni Morrison

text: Toni Morrison (born Chloe Ardelia Wofford; February 18, 1931 – August 5, 2019) was an African-American author. She was the second child in her working-class family.


title: Toni Morrison

text: She normally wrote about racial discrimination (racism, mainly the dislike of blacks). She won awards for writing some books and she changed African-American history. She was perhaps the most successful mainly story-writing African woman in the world.


title: Toni Morrison

text: She was a famous writer and she got her good writing by the people she looked up to. They were B.W.Jones and A.I.Vinson. Her first novel ("The Bluest Eyes") is the story of a girl ruined by a racist society and its violence and she had son named slade who she wrote this book with dreaming emmett. One of her books, "Beloved", was made into a movie in 1998. This movie starred Oprah Winfrey.


title: Toni Morrison

text: Morrison died at a hospital in The Bronx, New York City on August 5, 2019, from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 88.


title: Alder

text: Alder is the common name for about 30 kinds of trees and shrubs of the Alnus genus. They are a part of the birch family ("Betulaceae"). Most of them are smaller in size. Leaves are mostly deciduous, only very few alders are evergreen.


title: Alder

text: Alder trees are found in all parts of the northern hemisphere and they are often found on poor and/or wet soil. Alders have simple leaves with a toothed edge. The male flowers are in the form of hanging catkins and the female flowers are much smaller catkin-like structures "(see image)." The pollen is transferred from the male to the female flower by the wind. The female flower parts develop into little, green, rounded cone-like fruits which turn brown in autumn and open to release the seeds.


title: Alder

text: The best known species are the , which can be seen throughout Europe. The largest is probably the , native to North America. It reaches about 32–35 metres in height. The widespread is a shrub, rarely more than 5m high. The commonest alder in the UK is the Black Alder, also called the Common Alder or European Alder.


title: Aymara language

text: The Aymara language is spoken by the Aymara tribe in Bolivia, Peru, and north of Chile. In Chile, only a third of thribe say that they speak it well. An inflected language, it is one of the few Native American languages that has over one million speakers.


title: Aisne

text: Aisne is a department in the north of France, in the Hauts-de-France region. It is named after the Aisne river, a tributary of the Oise. Its prefecture is Laon.


title: Aisne

text: Aisne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Laon as its capital. It was formed from parts of the former provinces of Île-de-France (Laon, Soissons, Noyon,and Valois), Picardy (Thiérache Vermandois), and Champagne (Brie and Omois).


title: Aisne

text: It was divided into six districts: Château-Thierry, Chauny, Laon, Saint-Quentin, Soissons and Vervins.


title: Aisne

text: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Château-Thierry, Laon, Saint-Quentin, Soissons and Vervins.


title: Aisne

text: On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Château-Thierry was eliminated but in 1942 it was again made an "arrondissement".


title: Aisne

text: The territory of the Aisne department is formed by low plateaus and small hills. The highest point in the department, and in the Hauts-de-France region, is "Le Chêne Nain" () in the Ardennes forest on the border with the Ardennes department and near the border with Belgium; it is high.


title: Aisne

text: The southern part of the department is the geographical region known as "la Brie poilleuse", a drier plateau known for its dairy products and Brie cheese.


title: Aisne

text: Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Scheldt/Escaut, the Aisne, the Marne, the Ourcq, the Vesle, the Somme, the Oise, and the Serre.


title: Aisne

text: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Laon is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".


title: Aisne

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Laon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is July with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March with an average of .


title: Aisne

text: The average temperature for the year in Laon is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Aisne

text: Aisne is managed by the "Departmental Council of Aisne" in Laon. The department is part of the Hauts-de-France region.


title: Aisne

text: There are 5 "arrondissements" (districts), 21 "cantons" and 804 "communes" (municipalities) in Aisne.


title: Aisne

text: The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Aisne department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Aisne

text: The inhabitants of Aisne are known, in French, as "Axonais" (women: "Axonaises"), from the Celtic name of the Aisne river, "Axona".


title: Aisne

text: Aisne had a population, in 2014, of 539,783, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Laon, with 165,489 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with the most inhabitants.


title: Haarlem

text: Haarlem is a city in the Netherlands and the capital of the province North Holland. It has about 145,000 inhabitants. It has a very old door called Smedestraat 33.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: On 13–14 November 2015, a mass shooting and suicide bombing happened in Paris and Stade de France at Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France at the Bataclan concert venue, and at other sites. 130 people were killed. Because of this, French President François Hollande announced a national state of emergency. In his speech of 14 November, Hollande said that 128 people were killed and another 128 were gravely injured.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: In total, over 350 people were injured during the attacks, about 100 of them are gravely injured. One of the attacks was at the Paris stadium, one of the others was at a theatre. The others six were at well known places in the city. At least seven people were involved in the attacks: seven were suicide bombers, one was shot by police.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: The next day, November 14, ISIS claimed responsibility of the attacks. The leader of the attacks was Belgian terrorist Abdelhamid Abaaoud. He was killed in a police raid on 18 November.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: France had been on high alert for terrorist threats since the "Charlie Hebdo" shooting in early January 2015 and other related incidents during the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. France had also increased security in anticipation of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, scheduled to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015, and had restored border checks the week before the attacks.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: The "Charlie Hebdo" shooting in January 2015 occurred in the 11th arrondissement of the city, where the Bataclan theatre is situated. Other attacks in France also took place, such as the stabbing of 3 military men in Nice who were guarding a Jewish community center, the Saint-Quentin Fallavier attack and the 2015 Thalys train attack.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: Islamic State and their branches have claimed responsibility for numerous deadly attacks within the weeks leading up to the attacks. On 12 November 2015, twin suicide bombings took place in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 43 people. On 31 October 2015, Metrojet Flight 9268, carrying mostly Russian passengers crashed in the Sinai in Egypt, killing 224 people. Islamic State's Sinai branch claimed responsibility.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: Also, during the day of the attacks, ISIL's lead executioner Jihadi John was reported to have been killed by a U.S. drone strike and had lost the Battle of Sinjar to Kurdish forces.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: Seven distinct attacks took place, comprising six shootings and three explosions. The explosions occurred near the Stade de France, while shootings were reported in the vicinity of Rue Alibert, Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi, Rue de Charonne, the Bataclan theatre in Boulevard Voltaire, Avenue de la République, and the Boulevard Beaumarchais.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: The Islamic State officially claimed responsibility for the attacks on the morning of 14 November, praising their "eight brothers" led by Abdelhamid Abaaoud on the death of "at least 200 'crusaders'" and claiming that "this was only the beginning of the storm."


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: The exact number of attackers is currently unclear; certain media speak of seven, others of eight attackers. Police think there might be 3-5 attackers who survived, and are on the run. About ten people were taken in police custody in Brussels, as they might have connections to the attacks. The ringleader of the attack, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, was killed in a police raid in France on 18 November.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: President François Hollande issued a statement asking the French people to remain strong in the face of such incidents. Hollande also visited the Bataclan theatre and vowed to "mercilessly" fight against terrorism. Hollande also chaired an emergency meeting of the French Cabinet that night, and organized his national security council to meet the next morning. The authorities urged the residents of Paris to stay indoors for their own safety. Hollande also cancelled his trip to the 2015 G-20 Antalya summit because of the attacks, instead sending Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius and Finance Minister Michel Sapin as his representatives.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: On 14 November, President Hollande announced three national days of mourning. Later that day, some of the names of the dead were released:


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: Pope Francis has condemned the attacks. He said that violence would not solve problems, and that the attacks could not be justified from a religious or humanitarian point of view. Representatives of Islam in France have also condemned the attacks, as did those of the Jewish community. Iranian president Hassan Rouhani cancelled his trip to France, and called the attacks a crime against humanity.


title: November 2015 Paris attacks

text: There are reports of isolated acts against Muslim institutions: Red crosses were found on a mosque in Créteil, near Paris, the day after the attacks. A man of North African descent was attacked during a series of demonstrations of a right-wing group against illegal immigration.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: Alpes-Maritimes (; ) is a department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the extreme southeast corner of France.


title: Moon Jae-in

text: Moon Jae-in (; born 24 January 1953) is a South Korean politician. He was the 12th President of South Korea from 10 May 2017 until 9 May 2022. He won the majority vote in the 2017 presidential election.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: The name Alpes-Maritime comes from , a Roman military district created in the region by Augustus in 14 BC.


title: Moon Jae-in

text: Moon was the opposition leader of the Minjoo Party of Korea from 2015 to 2016. He was a member of the 19th National Assembly. He was the Democratic United Party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election after winning a majority in the party primaries. However, lost the election to Park Geun-hye.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: The department of the Alpes-Martimes was created on 4 February 1793 with the territory of the County of Nice that was annexed in January of the same year. The capital was Nice. It was divided in three districts: Menton, Nice and Puget-Théniers. In 1794, district of Menton was changed to district of Fort-d'Hercule (Monaco).


title: Moon Jae-in

text: He was formerly a lawyer and chief of staff to late President Roh Moo-hyun prior to getting into politics.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the three districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Nice, Monaco and Puget-Théniers.


title: Moon Jae-in

text: In April 2018, Moon and Kim Jong-un formerly attended the inter-Korean summit of 2018. They both agreed to formally end the Korean War before 2019.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: After the annexation of San Remo, the "arrondissement" of San Remo was created in 1805. By the Peace of Paris in 1814, San Remo passed to Genoa and the rest of the department passed to the Kingdom of Sardinia.


title: Moon Jae-in

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea, Moon became well known for his handling of the virus and had positive support over it. It helped his party win a historic victory in the 2020 legislative election.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: When Nice became part of France in 1860, the department was created again with Nice as the capital and with the "arrondisement" of Grasse that was part of Var department. In the same year, the department was divided in two "arrondissements": Grasse and Puget-Théniers.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: The department is surrounded by the Piedmont and Liguria regions (Italy) and two departments; the Mediterranean Sea is to the south. It surrounds the Principality of Monaco on the west, north, and east.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: The highest mountain in the department is "Cime du Gélas" () on the border with Italy; it is high. The lowest point is along the Mediterranean coast.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Nice is a "Mediterranean climate" and of the subtype "Csb".


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Nice is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of . There are an average of 94.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in April with 11.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in July with 4.0 days.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: The average temperature for the year in Nice is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: Alpes-Maritimes is managed by the "Departmental Council of Alpes-Maritimes" in Nice. The department is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: There are 2 "arrondissements" (districts), 27 "cantons" and 163 "communes" (municipalities) in Alpes-Maritimes.


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: The following is a list of the 27 cantons of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Alpes-Maritimes

text: Alpes-Maritimes had a population, in 2014, of 1,083,312, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Grasse, with 560,045 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.


title: Belt

text: A belt is a piece of clothing worn around a person's waist. They can be used to hold up trousers(pants, men) or skirts(women) or for carrying things in pockets, such as on a utility belt, which police use. Belts are commonly made using cloth or leather. They are worn by men and women, however men wear them more casually and formally. The most common colors are black and brown. Belts have buckles. Belts are thread around belt loops on trousers(usually Jeans and dress pants for men). Belts have holes which the buckle is put into., making them looser to tighter. Cowboys often wear belt and customize/pick their buckles.


title: Shia LaBeouf

text: Shia Saide LaBeouf (born June 11, 1986) is an American actor, comedian and director. He is best known for his work in the movies "Transformers" (2007) and "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull" (2008) and the Disney Channel series "Even Stevens". His parents are Jeffery LaBeouf and Shayna Saide. LaBeouf is an only child. He started his career doing stand up comedy in local places such as coffee houses. He graduated from high school in 2003 and hopes to attend college, preferably Yale University. He won the Orange Rising Star Award in 2008. He played Jerôme in the 2013 movie "Nymphomaniac".


title: Muskrat

text: Muskrats are rodents that live in freshwater and saltwater marshes, lakes, ponds, and streams. Muskrats often build dome-shaped houses in marshes. These houses, made of plants, protect the muskrat from predators, since the only entrance is underwater. Some muskrats live in burrows on the water banks. Muskrats are excellent swimmers but are slow on land.


title: Shia LaBeouf

text: LaBeouf is named after his grandfather who was also a stand up comedian. His parents are divorced. He lives with his mother in Los Angeles.


title: Muskrat

text: Muskrats are native to North America, but have been brought to Europe and Asia, where they now live in the wild. Muskrats got their name because they have musk glands that produce a strong scent.


title: Shia LaBeouf

text: In September 2018, it was announced the couple had separated and filed for divorce. However, in February 2022, it was reported that Goth was pregnant with their first child. They have a daughter, born March 2022.


title: Back to the Future

text: Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction adventure movie directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd and Crispin Glover. It is the first movie for the "Back to the Future trilogy".


title: John Dewey

text: John Dewey (20 October 1859 - June 1st 1952) was an American psychologist and philosopher. He was born in Burlington, Vermont. Dewey graduated from the University of Vermont. He later taught at many schools. In September 1882, Dewey went to the Johns Hopkins University and studied philosophy and psychology and published the paper, "The New Psychology" in the "Andover Review" in 1884. Afterwards, he taught psychology at universities and later on, got married to his former student Alice Chipman. In 1886, he started a new school which came to be known as the "Laboratory School" or "Dewey School". This school taught pragmatism, which says that a school's curriculum should be based on everyday life, lessons, and focuses on hands-on activities to better help students learn. His wife Alice was principal of the "Dewey School" from 1901 to 1904. After he retired as a teacher, he continued watching and figuring the society and politics. John Dewey died in 1952.


title: Back to the Future

text: In 1985, Doc Emmett Brown shows teenage Marty his new creation: a car which can travel through time. The heart of the time machine is "the flux capacitor," invented by Dr. Brown. The time machine needs plutonium to provide the power for the flux capacitor. Marty uses the car to escape from Islamic terrorists and accidentally goes back to the year 1955. Marty seeks out and meets Dr. Brown in 1955. The time machine is out of plutonium, and there is no plutonium available for the time machine in 1955. By chance, Marty knows the time and place of a one-time natural event (lightning strike) that can provide the power to transport the time machine and Marty back to 1985.


title: John Dewey

text: John Dewey believed in the "theory of inquiry", which shows how animals survived in their environment. He used the theory in the way he taught. He said that children learn best with real-life problems and hands-on activities. His most well-known essay was "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896) which created the stimulus that became the response, which later became known as social behaviorism. For example, a person focuses on something, decides what to do, then acts on the decision.


title: Back to the Future

text: The situation in 1955 is complicated when Marty meets his own parents as teenagers. When he helps his father, he accidentally changes the events that lead to his parents becoming a couple. Marty's teenage mother becomes interested in Marty instead of Marty's father, George. With the help of the Doc of 1955, Marty tries to undo the damage he has done, and make his mother fall in love with his father. If he can get his parents back together, he has very little time to get back to the car to use the lightning strike to take the time machine and him (Marty) back to the future (i.e. 1985).


title: Grave

text: A grave, or burial spot is where somebody or something is buried after they have died. Graves are usually placed in a graveyard, with a headstone used to identify the dead person. A funeral will occur if the family has enough money. If they do not, there will not be a proper funeral. The name on the grave is of the dead person. For example, William Shakespeare was buried in England.


title: Nubia

text: Nubia was an ancient African Kingdom. It dates back to around 6000 BC. It was in northeastern Africa.


title: Nubia

text: They were a valuable culture because of their trading abilities. They were on the coast of the Red Sea. That gave them many ports from which they were able to trade. This culture, though, had many hardships. It declined in power many times, which forced it to break up into smaller kingdoms which flourished on their own. These are commonly referred to as the A-Group, B-Group, and C-Group. Their true decline was around 350 AD, when the kingdom of Axum invaded and broke up the culture once again. This time, the culture never recovered its strength, thus ending of Historic Nubia.


title: Balkh

text: Balkh () is a city in Balkh Province of Afghanistan. It was a big city hundreds of years ago, but it was ruined by Mongols. It was not ruined forever, though. In 1850 it was captured by Dost Mohammad Khan.


title: Adige

text: The Adige (; ; ; ; ; ) is an Italian river that starts in the Alps in the province of South Tyrol near the Italian border with Austria and Switzerland, flowing through most of Northeast Italy to the Adriatic Sea.


title: Adige

text: It is the second Italian river by length after the Po, the third for its watershed after the Po and the Tiber, and the fourth by its mean yearly discharge after the Po, the Ticino and the Tiber.


title: Adige

text: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Boara Pisani, a "comune" in the Padua province near the mouth of the river.


title: Adige

text: The Adige starts in the Reschen Pass in the "comune" of Graun im Vinschgau, South Tyrol province, at an altitude of about close to the borders with Austria and Switzerland. First, it flows to the south until the confluence with the Ram river and then turns to the east. At Merano, the Adige is joined by the Passirio river and turns to the southeast; in Bolzano, it is joined by the Isarco, its main tributary. In the confluence with the Tasso river, the Adige flows to the south and, then, from Badia Polesine, it turns to the east and flows into the Adriatic Sea to the south of the mouth of the Brenta river and to the north of the mouth of the Po river.


title: Adige

text: The valley of the Adige gets several names: "Venosta" valley between the source and Merano, "Adige" valley between Merano and Trento, "Vallagarina" between Trento and Verona and, last, "Padana" valley between Verona and the mouth.


title: Roberto Carlos

text: Roberto Carlos (born 10 April 1973) is a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. He often plays left back.


title: Wojciech Jaruzelski

text: Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (6 July 1923 - 25 May 2014) was a Polish military officer and politician. He was leader from 1981-1989 and the first President of Poland from July 1989 to December 1990.


title: Marbella

text: Marbella is a city and municipality in southern Spain, belonging to the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is part of the Costa del Sol and is the headquarters of the Association of Municipalities of the region; it is also the head of the judicial district that bears its name.


title: Wojciech Jaruzelski

text: Selected by the Soviets for officer training in 1943, he served in the military working for Stalin,from 1943-1953 and Beria,Malenkov,and,Molotov,in 1953 and,Khrushchev,from 1955-1964,and Brezhnev,from 1964-1982,Andropov,from 1982-1984 and,Chernenko,from 1984-1985 and Gorbachev,from 1985 until 1989 . In total he worked for 46 year’s from 1943-1989 . He was the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's Army (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie) and chairman of the Polish United Workers Party 1981-1989. Jaruzelski was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland from 1981-1985 and remained as head of state until 1990 as Poland's last communist leader. He resigned to allow for democratic elections.


title: Marbella

text: Marbella is near the Mediterranean Sea, between Málaga and the Strait of Gibraltar, in the foothills of the Sierra Blanca. The municipality covers an area of crossed by highways on the coast, which are its main entrances.


title: Wojciech Jaruzelski

text: In 1981, Jaruzelski ordered a brutal crackdown on people who did not agree with the Communist government of Poland. Jaruzelski imposed martial law in Poland on 13 December 1981 to stop pro-democracy movements including Solidarity, the first non-Communist trade union in the Warsaw Pact.


title: Marbella

text: In 2012 the population of the city was 140,473 inhabitants, making it the second most populous city in the province of Málaga and the eighth in Andalusia. It is one of the most important tourist cities of the Costa del Sol and throughout most of the year is an international tourist attraction, due mainly to its climate and tourist infrastructure.


title: Wojciech Jaruzelski

text: In 2005, Jaruzelski said he was happy that Poland joined NATO for reasons of security and the European Union for reasons of economic development.


title: Marbella

text: The city also has a significant archaeological heritage, several museums and performance spaces, and a cultural calendar with events ranging from reggae concerts to opera performances.


title: Marbella

text: Marbella is protected on its northern side by the coastal mountains of the Cordillera Penibética and so enjoys a climate with an average annual temperature above . The highest peaks of the mountains are occasionally covered with snow, which usually melts in a day or two. Average rainfall is 628 l/m², while hours of sunshine average 2,900 annually.


title: Baloch people

text: The Baloch (بلوچ) are an Iranian ethnic group who live in the region of Balochistan which includes the regions of southeastern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and southwestern Pakistan.


title: Baloch people

text: The Baloch speak the Balochi language, an Iranian language. They mainly live in mountainous places of the Iranian plateau in Iran, Pakistan and parts of Afghanistan. Balochistan is an arid semi-desert mountainous region inhabited by the Baloch people.


title: Columbia Pictures

text: Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. is an American company that produces movies and at one time, television shows. It is now one of the "Big Five" American movie studios and the oldest, busiest and most well-known member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, which is owned by the Japanese company Sony. Sony Pictures also includes smaller studios like TriStar Pictures, Screen Gems, and Sony Pictures Animation. The studio buildings are located at the Sony Pictures Studios lot in Culver City, California.


title: Eumetazoa

text: Eumetazoa is a clade which includes all major animal phyla except sponges, and a few other groups of animals, such as the Placozoa. The Eumetazoa have true tissues, neurons, and an embryo that goes through a gastrula stage.


title: Screenplay

text: A screenplay or script is the written instruction about what happens in a play, movie or television program. The screenplay for a movie has everything that happens in the movie. It includes the plot, the dialogue and actions of the characters, and instructions for editing. The person who writes the screenplay is called a screenwriter. A screenplay for television is called a teleplay. The script is usually slightly changed or things will be added or subtracted as the directors and producers decide.


title: Columbia Pictures

text: Formed in 1918 as CBC Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and their partner Joe Brandt, the studio started out very small. It eventually adopted the "Columbia" name in 1924 and became better known and successful under president Harry Cohn and film director Frank Capra making Western movies, comedy movies, and short films. After Harry Cohn died, the studio went under hard times in the 1960s and 1970s before being bought by the Coca-Cola Company in 1982. It created a side project with CBS and HBO that became TriStar Pictures and started making more successful films again such as the Ghostbusters movies and "The Karate Kid".


title: Columbia Pictures

text: Coca-Cola spun off Columbia into its own company again in 1987, which at that point had fully bought TriStar and other companies such as Merv Griffin's company, which was known for making "Wheel of Fortune" and "Jeopardy!". In 1989, Sony Corporation decided to buy Columbia Pictures Entertainment, which included both Columbia and TriStar. Under Sony, Columbia moved into the former MGM studios after years of sharing space with Warner Bros. Columbia and TriStar continued making their own movies and TV shows before combining under the Sony name in 1999.


title: Columbia Pictures

text: Columbia is known for making movies such as "Ghostbusters", "The Karate Kid", "Men in Black", "Stuart Little", "21 Jump Street", "Zombieland", "Bad Boys", and several movies about The Three Stooges and Spider-Man. It has also helped make a few James Bond movies with MGM.


title: Columbia Pictures

text: At one point, one of the only ways that Columbia was still making money in the 1960s and 70s was through its TV department, which was originally the first version of Screen Gems and later renamed Columbia Pictures Television. TV shows that Columbia made through Screen Gems/CPT included "I Dream of Jeannie", "Days of Our Lives" and "Walker, Texas Ranger". The TV department was eventually renamed "Columbia TriStar Television" and is now known as Sony Pictures Television, and the "Columbia" name is now only tied to movies.


title: Martin Bormann

text: Martin Ludwig Bormann (Born 17 June 1900 in Wegeleben, Prussia, Germany–Died 2 May 1945 in Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, Germany) was a Nazi German politician and member of the Nazi Party. He was the private secretary of Adolf Hitler. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet.


title: Tinnitus

text: Tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss and other hearing problems. It is described as hearing sound in the head or ears that does not come from an outside source. Many people will hear ringing, buzzing, hissing or whistling sounds, but tinnitus can be other sounds such as roaring and humming as well.


title: Gozo

text: Gozo (; , , formerly Gaulos) is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of Malta. It is the second-largest island in Malta. Gozo is more rural and known for its scenic hills, which are featured on its coat of arms.


title: Martin Bormann

text: In 1927 he joined the Nazi Party and later joined the Schutzstaffel in 1937 and was ranked as SS-Obergruppenfuhrer . At this time, he became one of Hitler's closet advisors. Because he took part in a murder, he was convicted to one year in prison in 1924 by the German "Staatsgerichtshof". In May 1941, he became a Reichsminister. This was after Rudolf Hess' flight to Scotland. In 1943, he became Hitler's private secretary. At the Nuremberg Trials, Bormann was convicted to death in 1946. This happened while he was not there.


title: Tinnitus

text: Different people will hear different sounds from tinnitus but how they hear it can also be different. Tinnitus can be loud or quiet and it can be continuous or occasional and some people will not notice their tinnitus but some people become very annoyed from it, especially when then feel tired or stressed.


title: Tinnitus

text: People of different range of age can develop tinnitus. It is not a disorder but the symptom of some underlying health condition.


title: Tinnitus

text: People with tinnitus may take part in yoga, exercise regularly, perform sound therapies or join a tinnitus community . Playing a faint background noise in the background also helps in keeping the phantom noise at bay.


title: Fagales

text: The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus "Fagus", Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families currently included are as follows:


title: McGill University

text: McGill University or just McGill is an English language university in Montreal, Canada. It was created in 1821, few years before the country Canada existed. McGill University ranks first in Canada for 16 consecutive years according to Maclean's University Rankings.


title: Dervish

text: It is someone living a Sufi Muslim ascetic way or "Tariqah". They are poor, and live simply. In this respect, dervishes are most similar to mendicant friars in Christianity, or Hindu/Buddhist/Jain sadhus.


title: Dervish

text: The whirling dance that is associated with dervishes is best known in the West by the performances of the Mevlevi order in Turkey. It is part of a ceremony known as the Sema. It is also done by other orders. The Sema is only one of many Sufi ceremonies performed to try to reach religious ecstasy ("majdhb", "fana").


title: Dervish

text: The name "Mevlevi" comes from the Persian poet Rumi, who was a dervish himself. This practice, though not intended as entertainment, has become a tourist attraction in Turkey.


title: Space Shuttle Challenger

text: Space Shuttle "Challenger" (OV-099) was the second space shuttle used by NASA to fly into outer space. The shuttle broke up 73 seconds after take-off from Cape Canaveral on 28 January 1986.


title: Space Shuttle Challenger

text: All seven astronauts who were on it at the time were killed. The crash happened because a rubber tube called an o-ring did not expand to fill a gap in one of the booster rockets, due to cold weather.


title: Space Shuttle Challenger

text: The Challenger was named after a Royal Navy ship that explored the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from 1872 to 1876. Challenger was also the name of the Apollo 17 Lunar Excursion Module.


title: Gate

text: A gate is a place between two parts of a wall, or a fence which could be opened and closed to let people go through it.


title: Technocracy

text: Technocracy is a government by scientific method and controlled by technical people. These people include engineers, (who make, build, and maintain engines, machines, public works, and other technologies). "Technocrats" want to improve social and political problems based on technical and "scientific" (technological) solutions. They promise to help solve these problems concerning industries (big business), trade, and how to create and distribute wealth using scientific management. A method of study that uses time and motion to work out the most efficient ways to do something, mainly repeated, routine motions. The man that made the theory of Scientific Management was named Frederick W. Taylor.


title: Gate

text: Nowadays, people also talk about "gates" at airports. When going on an aircraft, people need to get together in a certain area of the airport first. They then pass through some kind of doorway to get onto the plane. That is what is called "gate".


title: Technocracy

text: However, Scientific Management was still trying to fix social and political problems with technical solutions. Many of the technological solutions may have solved one problem, while creating many more. Technocrats believed that management could replace politics. Administration is based on the application of rules that make certain outcomes, there are too many different points of view for the management approach to work.


title: Salic law

text: The Salic law was a set of laws established by King Clovis I for the Salian Franks during the sixth century. It stayed important in parts of western Europe for a long time because Charlemagne based his laws on the Salic law. One part of Salic law that stayed very important was inheritance for kings. The Salic law said that land goes to sons and not daughters.


title: Maurice Jarre

text: Maurice-Alexis Jarre (; 13 September 1924 – 28 March 2009) was a French composer and conductor. He composed the movie scores for "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962) and "Dr. Zhivago". He also worked on "The Train" (1964), "Mohammad, Messenger of God" (1976), "Lion of the Desert" (1981), "Witness" (1985), "Fatal Attraction" (1987), and "Ghost" (1990).


title: Maurice Jarre

text: Jarre stated composers like Arthur Honegger, Franz Waxman, Miklós Róza, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Richard Wagner, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Max Steiner, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Richard Strauss as influences.


title: University of Sydney

text: The University of Sydney is a public university in Sydney, Australia. The main campus is in the suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and Oceania. In 2011, it had 32,393 undergraduate and 16,627 graduate students.


title: University of Sydney

text: The University of Sydney is organised into sixteen faculties and schools. They offer bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees. The univsersity often ranks amongst the best universities in Australia and Oceania. In 2012, it was ranked 39th in the world; 3rd in Australia, behind Australian National University (24th) and the University of Melbourne (36th) in the 2012 QS World University Rankings.


title: University of Sydney

text: The main campus is in the top 10 of the world's most beautiful universities. This is according to the British Daily Telegraph and the American Huffington Post. This ranking is among other campuses, such as Oxford's and Cambridge's.


title: University of Sydney

text: The campus spreads across the inner-city suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington. First, it was in what is now Sydney Grammar School. Then, in 1855 the government granted land in Grose Farm to the university. This is three kilometres from the city. Now, this land has the main Camperdown campus on it.


title: University of Sydney

text: The main campus is the home base of the large Sydney Medical School. This school has many affiliated teaching hospitals across the state.


title: University of Sydney

text: The main campus is the focus of the university's student life. The student-run University of Sydney Union has three buildings. These are the Wentworth, Manning and Holme Buildings. These buildings house a large proportion of the university's catering outlets. These buildings also provide space for recreational rooms, bars and function centres. One of the most significant activities organised by the Union is Welcome Week. This is a three-day festival at the start of the academic year. Welcome Week centres on stalls set up by clubs and societies on the Front Lawns.


title: University of Sydney

text: The main campus is also home to a variety of statues, artworks, and monuments. These include the Gilgamesh Statue and the Confucius Statue.


title: University of Sydney

text: The NSW state government has reduced transport links to the campus. It also reduced transport links to the closest Redfern railway station. But, there is still access to buses on the neighbouring Parramatta Road and City Road. This is to prioritise the growth of other Sydney universities.


title: University of Sydney

text: In 1854, the architect Edmund Blacket designed the first buildings. Then, in 1858, people finished building the Great Hall. In 1859, people finished building the Main Building. Finally, in 1862, people completed the Quadrangle and Great Tower buildings.


title: University of Sydney

text: In the mid-20th century, the university expanded in enrollment. This led the university to buy more land.


title: University of Sydney

text: The 2002 conservation plan of the university stated many campus features are significant. This includes Victoria Park.


title: University of Sydney

text: Since 2007, the university has used space in the former Eveleigh railway yards. They are to the south of Darlington. It has used this space for examination purposes.


title: University of Sydney

text: In 2015, The NSW Department of Planning and Environment endorsed a plan. This was the University of Sydney's $1.4 billion Campus Improvement Plan. It involved many new important structures and renovations.


title: University of Sydney

text: In 2018, the government agreed to put sites on the state heritage register. These include the University of Sydney and some surrounding areas. This created a conservation area. This area contains the Camperdown campus and the nearby Victoria Park.


title: University of Sydney

text: The beginning of 2021 saw the closure of the Cumberland campus. Then, some health disciplines returned to the Camperdown campus. They did this in the state-of-the-art, purpose-built Susan Wakil Health Building.


title: William Gibson

text: William Gibson (born March 17, 1948) is a writer. He writes science fiction books. He is one of the most important people in the part of science fiction called cyberpunk. His most famous book is "Neuromancer".


title: Imam Muslim

text: The full name of Imam Muslim is Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815 – 875). He is a Persian, Islamic, hadith scholar. His hadith collection, known as Sahih Muslim, is one of the six major hadith collections (Kutub al-Sittah) in Sunni Islam.


title: William Gibson

text: William Ford Gibson was born in Conway, South Carolina on the Atlantic coast. He spent most of his childhood in Wytheville, Virginia. Whytheville is a small town in the Appalachians. His parents had been born and raised there.


title: William Gibson

text: Gibson was shy and awkward as a teenager. He grew up in a place and time where most people thought and acted alike. This was a problem for him. He chose not to believe in religion. He read science fiction and writers such as William S. Burroughs and Henry Miller. Gibson was not doing well in school and his mother was frustrated. She threatened to send him to a boarding school. She was very surprised when he liked this idea very much.


title: William Gibson

text: Gibson's mother died when he was eighteen years old. He left school and did not graduate. He traveled a lot. He became very interested in the counterculture. He left the United States and moved to Canada during the Vietnam War draft.


title: William Gibson

text: Gibson finished a graduate degree about science fiction. He stopped writing for one year. He did not like the trends he saw in SF. He was more interested in punk rock. He met other writers such as Bruce Sterling, Lewis Shiner, and Rudy Rucker. These writers became the important members of the cyberpunk movement in SF.


title: William Gibson

text: Gibson's first published short story was "Fragments of a Hologram Rose" (1977). He wrote other short stories for magazines such as Omni. He was often compared to J. G. Ballard. Some of the characters and places in his short stories are also in his Sprawl novels.


title: William Gibson

text: Terry Carr asked Gibson to write "Neuromancer" for the second series of Ace Science Fiction Specials. The purpose of the series was to give attention to first-time novelists.


title: William Gibson

text: "Neuromancer" was a success and Gibson kept writing SF. "The Sprawl trilogy" continued the story of Neuromancer, even though Gibson did not plan to write any sequels. Then he explored other ideas. "The Difference Engine" was alternate history. In "The Bridge trilogy", Gibson wrote about new problems. He paid less attention to large corporations or artificial intelligence. He wrote more about mass media and celebrity.


title: William Gibson

text: Gibson's novels "Pattern Recognition" (2003), "Spook Country" (2007) and "Zero History" (2010) happen in the same contemporary universe — "more or less the same one we live in now"


title: William Gibson

text: He has written short stories and novels with others, especially other cyberpunk authors John Shirley and Bruce Sterling.


title: William Gibson

text: There have been many attempts to make films based on Gibson's writing. Most of these have never been completed.


title: William Gibson

text: In 1990, Gibson was part of an exhibit at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art called "Visionary San Francisco". He wrote a short story, "Skinner's Room", that took place in San Francisco. In the story, the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge was closed and became a community for homeless people. Architects Ming Fung and Craig Hodgetts were interested in the story and imagined a future San Francisco. Their idea of the future showed rich people living in high-tech towers above a city that was falling apart. Gibson was part of the architects' exhibit. Visitors could watch a video of him discussing the future and reading from the story "Skinner's Room". Another version of the short story appeared a year later in "Omni magazine".


title: William Gibson

text: In 1993, Gibson wrote some lyrics for the album "Technodon" by the Japanese group Yellow Magic Orchestra. He was the vocalist on the track ""Hi-Tech Hippies"". He wrote lyrics to the track ""Dog Star Girl"" on Deborah Harry's "Debravation".


title: William Gibson

text: Gibson sometimes writes nonfiction for newspapers or magazines. He has written essays, opinion-editorials, and commentary for publications such as: "Wired", "The New York Times", "The Observer", "Addicted to Noise", "New York Times Magazine", "Rolling Stone", and "Details Magazine".


title: William Gibson

text: In his fiction and non-fiction, Gibson often writes about cities. He thinks many cities are losing variety. One way of describing this is "Disneylanding".


title: William Gibson

text: His work seemed did not just predict the future of technology such as the World Wide Web. The ideas in his books were important to the people who created Internet technology.


title: James Garner

text: James Garner (born James Scott Bumgarner; April 7, 1928 – July 19, 2014) was an American movie and television actor. He acted in several television series in a career of more than fifty years, including his roles as "Bret Maverick" in the popular 1950s western-comedy series, "Maverick" and "Jim Rockford" in the popular 1970s detective drama, "The Rockford Files". He also acted in many movies, including "The Great Escape" (1963) and Paddy Chayefsky's "The Americanization of Emily" (1964).


title: Freighter

text: A cargo ship or freighter is any kind of ship that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers travel on the world's seas and oceans each year, and handle most international trade. Cargo ships are usually specially designed for a special task, often carrying tools like cranes to load and unload. They come in all sizes.


title: Spectrometer

text: A spectrometer is an optical instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.


title: German Bundesrat

text: The cabinets of the 16 states of Germany appoint the delegations that represent them in the Bundesrat. They can remove them at any time. Normally, a state delegation is headed by the head of government. The delegation is made up of members of the state government.


title: Perspective (graphical)

text: In graphic arts, perspective is the representation of how an image is seen by the eye. It is about how the angle and distance of a three-dimensional object is represented on a flat surface. To create a real scene, objects are drawn smaller to show that they are farther away from the person looking at the artwork. The dimensions of an object are also drawn differently depending where the line of sight is. The size of an object's dimensions along the line of sight are usually drawn shorter than dimensions across the line of sight. This is called foreshortening, and is used to create the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface.


title: Spectrometer

text: The variable measured is most often the light's intensity but could also, for instance, be the polarization state. A spectrometer is used in spectroscopy for producing spectral lines and measuring their wavelengths and intensities. Spectrometer is a term that is applied to instruments that operate over a very wide range of wavelengths, from gamma rays and X-rays into the far infrared.


title: German Bundesrat

text: Thirteen of the states of Germany (in German: "Bundesländer") have a Minister-Präsident (Prime Minister), the other 3 are city-states which have a Mayor. These prime ministers or mayors each act as chairman of the Bundesrat for one year at a time.


title: Perspective (graphical)

text: Landscape paintings have a horizon line. This line represents objects that are infinitely far away. They have shrunk, in the distance, like objects on the Earth's horizon. Changing the height of the horizon level changes the view point for the picture. A person lying on the ground and looking up would have a different view to a person on a ladder looking down.


title: Spectrometer

text: In general, any particular instrument will operate over a small portion of this total range because of the different techniques used to measure different portions of the spectrum. Below optical frequencies (that is, at microwave, radio, and audio frequencies), the spectrum analyzer is a closely related electronic device.


title: German Bundesrat

text: Germany does not have a vice president. Instead if the Bundespräsident (Federal President) cannot do his job the President of the Bundesrat can act in his place if necessary.


title: Perspective (graphical)

text: Perspective works by representing the light that passes from a scene through an imaginary rectangle (the painting), to the viewer's eye. It is similar to a viewer looking through a window and painting what is seen directly onto the windowpane. If viewed from the same spot as the windowpane was painted, the painted image would be identical to what was seen through the unpainted window. Each painted object in the scene is a flat, scaled down version of the object on the other side of the window.


title: Spectrometer

text: Spectrometers are used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Spectroscopes are used often in astronomy and some branches of chemistry. Early spectroscopes were simply a prism with graduations marking wavelengths of light. Modern spectroscopes, such as monochromators, generally use a diffraction grating, a movable slit, and some kind of photodetector, all automated and controlled by a computer. The spectroscope was invented by Gustav Robert Georg Kirchhoff and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen.


title: German Bundesrat

text: Although it is a part of the German Parliament, the Bundesrat does not meet in the same building as the Bundestag. Instead new offices and a modern meeting chamber were built inside the old Prussian House of Lords building.


title: German Bundesrat

text: There are 58 members of the Bundesrat. How many delegates a "land" (state) has depends on its population. The smallest state, Bremen, has three members. North Rhine-Westphalia is the "most populous" (has the most people) "land". It sends six members to the Bundesrat.


title: German Bundesrat

text: The Bundesrat decides most things by "absolute majority" (at least half of the number of members). That is 35 votes. Some important decisions need two-thirds of all of the possible votes. That is 46 votes.


title: German Bundesrat

text: Each "land" votes as a block. This means that Berlin, for example, can only cast four yes votes or four no votes. Its delegates cannot choose to vote in different ways. If a "land" decided to send only one person to the Bundesrat, that person would still have all of the "land's" votes. Usually the Minister President casts all of his "land's" votes, even if the other members are there.


title: German Bundesrat

text: If a "land" has a "coalition government" (that is, a government of two or more political parties) then all parties must agree how to vote in the Bundesrat. In 2002 Brandenburg did not agree how to vote about the Immigration bill. The Federal Constitutional Court said that the bill was not law because Brandenburg's vote could not be included in the total. This meant that the bill did not get a majority in the Bundesrat.


title: German Bundesrat

text: The Minister-President's party is the biggest party of a state's government, and often also the biggest party in a state's parliament.


title: German Bundesrat

text: All of the votes of a state must be cast as a block. If the parties in a coalition do not agree how to vote then the Bundesrat can ignore that state's vote.


title: Stirling engine

text: A Stirling engine is a kind of heat engine that converts heat into useful mechanical energy by the movement of a piston inside a cylinder within the engine. Unlike other commonly found heat engines such as the internal combustion engine used in cars and the steam engine used on railways, it re-uses the same gas for each stroke of the piston so there is no noisy exhaust. The same gas is repeatedly heated and cooled within the engine’s cylinder.


title: Indian Wells, California

text: Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, in the Coachella Valley. It is in the Palm Springs area near Palm Desert, La Quinta, and Indio. For the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 3,816.


title: Adirondack Mountains

text: The Adirondack Mountains are a mountain range in the northeastern part of New York in the United States.


title: Stirling engine

text: To run it needs a supply of heat to heat its hot parts. This can come from a fire, but also from the sun’s rays, from hot rocks near a volcano or from nuclear energy. It also has cold parts which cool the gas inside it and these are kept cold by a stream of air or water flowing over them.


title: Indian Wells, California

text: The city hosts a tennis tournament called the Indian Wells Masters. (The Masters is also known by its current sponsorship name of "Pacific Life Open".) The Indian Wells Masters is one of nine tournaments in the Tennis Masters Series. The Masters Series is a high-level event operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals. The event is held in the 16,100-seat stadium of the Indian Wells Tennis Garden.


title: Adirondack Mountains

text: The Adirondack Mountains are not part of the Appalachian Mountains. They are a continuation of the Canadian Shield. Their origin is extremely ancient, dating back to the Mesoproterozoic era, in what is called the Grenville orogeny. After that old chain had been eroded away, recent uplifts produced the mountains we see today.


title: Anthroposophy

text: Anthroposophy is a philosophy founded by Rudolf Steiner. The philosophy teaches that through inner development a person can better know the spiritual world.


title: Sangria

text: Sangria (, ) is a kind of mixed drink on the basis of red wine. The name is protected. Under EU regulations, Sangria may only be produced in Spain and Portugal. Citrus fruit and red berries are commonly added. Some recipes also add spirits to boost the amount of alcohol. Sangria is usually served cold. According to the EU regulation, Sangria contains between 4.5 and 12% alcohol by volume.


title: Nazi concentration camp

text: A Nazi concentration camp was one of the internment camps operated by the Nazis during the Second World War throughout the occupied territories of the Third Reich for the imprisonment, enslavement and extermination of Jews and others that Nazi party considered undesirable. These facilities were the culmination of the "final solution" that became the Holocaust. Most inmates were brought to the camps in cattle cars. Upon arrival, they were stripped of all possessions, made to undergo "Selection" (where the Nazis would determine who lives and who dies), had their hair cut off, etc. Conditions were extremely inhumane.


title: Anthroposophy

text: "Anthropos" is a Greek word that means "human being". "Sophos" means "wise". Steiner believed every human being had the wisdom to understand the mysteries of existence. He left the German Theosophical Society in 1912 trading divine wisdom for human wisdom.


title: Sangria

text: Depending on the location, cider is used instead of red wine. Sometimes, sparkling wine, mostly Cava, is used instead. Other kinds of white wine have also been used. To make the drink suitable for children, the red wine can be replaced with fruit juice or a soft drink. The resulting drink then contains no alcohol.


title: Anthroposophy

text: Anthroposophy does not have a rigid set of beliefs. It is said to be a philosophy of freedom. Each person connects to the world through an individual path.


title: Anthroposophy

text: The path to wisdom is based on research. The research leads to knowledge. This is similar to teachings of Thomas Aquinas. Anthroposophy is different in that it pursues knowledge of science, the arts and spirituality all together.


title: Anthroposophy

text: The philosophy also teaches respect of other humans. It encourages support of others in their interest and learning of the spiritual world. To support this, Steiner created The Anthroposophical Society in 1923. It is now called the General Anthroposophical Society. The society has groups and national societies in over 75 countries.


title: Elephant bird

text: Elephant birds are an extinct family of large birds which could not fly. They were found only on the island of Madagascar. The group had two genera, Aepyornis and Mullerornis, and seven species. Like several other flightless birds, they were hunted to extinction.


title: Peritonitis

text: Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss.


title: Hair dryer

text: A hair dryer (also called a blow dryer) is a device which blows cool or hot air. Hair dryers are usually used to speed up drying wet hair.


title: Elephant bird

text: The Elephant birds, which were giant ratites, have been extinct since at least the 17th century. Étienne de Flacourt, a French governor of Madagascar in the 1640s and 1650s, recorded frequent sightings of elephant birds. "Aepyornis", one of the world's largest birds, is believed to have been over tall, weighing close to 400 kg (880 lb). Remains of "Aepyornis" adults and eggs have been found. In some cases the eggs have a circumference of over and a length up to . The egg volume is about 160 times greater than a chicken egg.


title: Peritonitis

text: Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, or a ruptured appendix.


title: Hair dryer

text: The main parts of a hair dryer are a motor-powered fan and an electrically heated element. The element heats up when an electric current flows through it. When air from the fan goes through the barrel of the hair dryer, it is heated by the element. The hot air passes out of the end of the hair dryer (the nozzle). The user can direct the nozzle towards their hair.


title: Net neutrality

text: Net neutrality (also network neutrality, Internet neutrality, or net equality) is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet equally. There should be no discriminating or charging differently by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication. The term was coined by Columbia University media law professor Tim Wu in 2003. It was an extension of the longstanding concept of a common carrier.


title: Stoning

text: Stoning or lapidation is a form of capital punishment: a group of people throws stones at the convicted person, until this person dies. Today, it is mostly used in countries which follow sharia law.


title: Net neutrality

text: Examples of net neutrality violations include when the Internet service provider Comcast intentionally slowed peer-to-peer communications. In 2007, one other company was using deep packet inspection to discriminate against peer-to-peer, file transfer protocol, and online games. They started using a cell-phone-style billing system of overages, free-to-telecom value-added services, and bundling.


title: Wadjet

text: Wadjet is a goddess in Egyptian mythology. She was often shown in art as a cobra and was the protector of lower Egypt. Later, she became the protector of kings. Her worship was already established by the Predynastic Period, but did change somewhat as time progressed. She began as the local goddess of Per-Wadjet (Buto) but soon became a patron goddess of Lower Egypt.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: Ante Pavelić (14 July 1889 ; Bradina,Austria-Hungary– 28 December 1959 ; Madrid,Spain) was the founding member of the Croatian national socialist/fascist Ustaše movement and terrorist organization in the 1930s. Later, during World War II, he will be the leader ("Poglavnik" - Head) of the Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state of Nazi Germany.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: Ante Pavelić was born in Bradina, a small village roughly 15 kilometres south west of Hadžići in Bosnia and Herzegovina, then Austria-Hungary, although he draws his roots from southern Lika, in the small town of Krivi Put on the central part of the Velebit plain. His parents moved to Bosnia. As an adult, Ante Pavelić decided to move to Zagreb to study the law. An extremist even in his youth, he became a member of the organization known as the "Frankovci" whose founder, Dr. Josip Frank, was the father-in-law of Slavko Kvaternik, an Austro-Hungarian army officer. In 1919 he was the interim secretary of the Pure Party of Rights. In 1921 he was arrested along with several other members of the party but was released; he defended them at the trial and lost. Kvaternik had long been a strong advocate of Croat separatism and the German ideas on a separate Croat state found in him a ready tool.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: Pavelić's quarrelsome nature became more and more apparent in the years immediately after the first war when he became involved in one dispute after another with the Centralist Party and the Croat Peasant Party of Radić. He was the sole representative of his Party in the "Skupština" (Yugoslav Parliament) but rarely attended sessions and, when he did, he sulked in his seat and only occasionally indulged in a long harangue in protest against some measure which he did not approve.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: In the early 1920s, Pavelić began to establish his contacts with Croat émigrées in Vienna and Budapest and later entered into close accord with the Macedonian terrorist society IMRO. In 1927 he acted as counsel for the defense of the Macedonian terrorists at the Skopje trials.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: In 1927 he was elected to the Zagreb city council. He held the position of the party secretary in the Party of Rights until 1929 and the beginning of royal government in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Shortly after the proclamation of the establishment of the government Alexander I of Yugoslavia in January 1929, Pavelić fled abroad and was subsequently sentenced to death in absentia at Belgrade for his part in anti-Serb demonstrations organized at Sofia by Bulgarian and Macedonian terrorists. He then co-founded the Ustaše terrorist organization and went underground.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: Camps for training terrorists and saboteurs were set up in Italy and Hungary, chiefly at Brescia and Borgotaro in Italy and Janka Puszta in Hungary and an armed insurrection was attempted in 1933 when the Ustaše, armed by the Italians, attempted to invade the country by crossing the Adriatic sea in motorboats. This was unsuccessful but its lack of success probably was instrumental in the decision to assassinate King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. Two attempts were made, the last one successful and Aleksandar was slain at Marseilles 9 October 1934 along with the French Foreign Minister, Louis Barthou.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: The singular lack of armed protection afforded to the Yugoslav monarch, and the general laxity of security precautions when it was well-known that one attempt had already been made on Alexander's life are grim tributes to Pavelić organizational abilities; he had apparently been able to bribe a high official in the Surete General. The Prefect of Police of Marseilles, Jouhannaud, was subsequently removed from office.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: Pavelić remained in Italy until the beginning of World War II. As the leader of the Ustaše he directly ordered, organized and conducted a campaign of terror against Serbs, Jews, Gypsies, and communist Croats and Bosniaks. The extent of this campaign reached the proportions of genocide. Pavelić's Ustaše regime was the most murderous Nazi puppet state in the whole of occupied Europe. Numerous surviving testimonies from the Nuremberg Trials and the German and the Italian war archives bear witness to bestialities perpetrated against the civilian population of the state. According to these testimonies, the German officers themselves were horrified by the scenes of atrocities committed by his Ustaše, forcing them to stop the bloodshed (Jasenovac, 1941), arrest one of the most notorious Ustaše (Fra Miroslav Filipović-Majstorović, Banja Luka, 1942) and disarm an Ustaše detachment (Eastern Bosnia, 1942).


title: Ante Pavelić

text: These atrocities were recorded in novelistic literature and poetry: Malaparte's Kaputt "Basket of oysters chapter", inspired by the widespread practices of the Ustaše gouging out the eyes of Serbs; Kovačić's "Jama (The Pit)", where Ustaše tied Serbs with barbed wire and dropped them into pits; Oljača's "Kozara"; Svetina's "Volčiči (The Wolf Puppies)". As far as the Serb population of the puppet state was concerned, the stated aim was the extermination of a third of their numbers, exile for another third, and a forced conversion to Catholicism for yet another. The Ustaše succeeded in reaching their first goal, exterminating close to one third of the Serbs and possibly more. A Gestapo report to Himmler (17 February 1942) on increased Partisan activities stated that "Increased activity of the bands is chiefly due to atrocities carried out by Ustasha units in Croatia against the Orthodox population. The Ustashas committed their deeds in a bestial manner not only against males of conscript age, but especially against helpless old people, women and children. The number of the Orthodox that the Croats have massacred and sadistically tortured to death is about three hundred thousand."


title: Ante Pavelić

text: Pavelić's regime was not officially recognized by the Vatican, but at no point did the Church condemn the genocide and forced conversions to Catholicism perpetrated by the Ustaše. Soon after coming to power in April 1941 Pavelić was given a private audience in Rome by Pope Pius XII, an act for which the Pope was widely criticized. A British Foreign Office memo on the subject described Pius as "the greatest moral coward of our age" for receiving Pavelić. Pavelic remained Hitler's servant to the end of war. His servitude toward Hitler was described by A. Veesenmayer


title: Ante Pavelić

text: What Pavelic meant by "independence" he explained to German foreign minister Ribentrop's trusted troubleshooter for the southeast Europe, Anton Veesenmeyer. Pavelic had only two wishes, Veesenmayer reported to Berlin: first to obtain German recognition of Croatia; and second, an opportunity to thank Hitler in person and promise him "to live and die for the Fuehrer".


title: Ante Pavelić

text: A Yugoslavian court declared that Pavelić had been responsible for the deaths of 700,000 people during his reign.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: In May 1945 Pavelić fled via Bleiburg to Austria, where he stayed for a few months before transferring to Rome, where he was hidden by members of the Roman Catholic Church (as is documented in de-classified US Intelligence documents).


title: Ante Pavelić

text: Six months later, he fled to South America. Upon arriving in Argentina via the ratlines, he became a security advisor to Juan Perón. Perón issued 34,000 visas to Croatians: both the Nazi collaborators and the anti-communists that fled from the new communist government led by Josip Broz Tito.


title: Ante Pavelić

text: On April 10, 1957, the 16th anniversary of the founding of the Independent State of Croatia, the 67 year old Pavelić was shot and seriously wounded by an unknown assailant in Buenos Aires. The operation was attributed to Tito's Yugoslav intelligence, although the anniversary also suggested an attempt at revenge by a Chetnik activist. Despite having a bullet in his spine, Pavelić elected not to be hospitalized. Two weeks later, the Argentine government agreed to the Tito government's request to extradite Pavelić, and he went into hiding. Although there were reports that he had fled to work for the Stroessner regime in Paraguay, Pavelić's whereabouts remained unknown until late 1959, where it was learned that he had been granted asylum in Spain. Pavelić died on 28 December 1959, at the German hospital in Madrid, reportedly from complications due to the bullet in his spine.


title: Joel McHale

text: Joel Edward McHale (born November 20, 1971) is an Italian-American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, writer, voice artist, and comedian. He is best known as the host of "Talk Soup" and as Jeff Winger in "Community". He has acted in movies including "" as Wilbur Wilson, "Open Season 2" as the voice of Elliot (taking Ashton Kutcher's place), and "Ted" as Rex.


title: Joel McHale

text: McHale, the middle of the three brothers, was born Joel Edward McHale in Rome, Italy on November 20, 1971. His mother, Laurie, is from Vancouver, British Columbia, and his father, Jack, is from Chicago. McHale and his brothers were born in Rome, where their father worked for an American university. He grew up in the Seattle area, graduating from Mercer Island High School in 1991. Also he participated at Youth Theatre Northwest.


title: Joel McHale

text: He received a bachelor's degree in History from the University of Washington in 1995. While at the University of Washington, McHale briefly belonged to the Theta Chi Fraternity. He was recruited to be on the rowing team, but later walked onto the football team, playing tight end for two years. McHale received a Master of Fine Arts degree from the Professional Actors Training Program at the University of Washington.


title: Joel McHale

text: McHale was part of the "Almost Live!" cast, a local sketch-comedy TV show produced by Seattle's KING-TV (Channel 5). From 1993 until 1997, McHale was a member of the improv comedy group at Unexpected Productions, participating in Theatersports! at the Market Theater located in Pike Place Fish Market in downtown Seattle.


title: Joel McHale

text: After earning his master's degree in acting, McHale moved to Los Angeles and landed small roles in "Oliver Beene", "", and "Will & Grace". He played a TV reporter in the biopic "Lords of Dogtown". He guest-starred as a cast member on the NBC improv comedy show "Thank God You're Here" during the pilot episode and had a guest role on an episode of "Pushing Daisies". McHale also appeared in "Spider-Man 2" in a small role as Mr. Jacks, a bank manager.


title: Joel McHale

text: In 2004, McHale began hosting "The Soup", a satirical weekly television show on the "E!" television network. Throughout the show, he takes the audience through the oddities and ridiculous happenings of the week in television. He frequently appears as a co-host on "Loveline". He has also had a long association with Circle X Theatre, where he has done several plays. McHale was a weekly guest on "The Adam Carolla Show" and "Mickey and Amelia", and occasional guest on the "Opie and Anthony Show". He has been a judge on "Iron Chef America". He was involved in the American version of the British TV show "The IT Crowd". McHale made a guest appearance on the finale of "Last Comic Standing" sixth season, when he recapped the show's events in his typical format of jokes made popular on "The Soup". He usually appeared in "Countdown with Keith Olbermann" in a humor sequence closing the show.


title: Joel McHale

text: He currently stars in "Community", which premiered in fall 2009. He also continues to host "The Soup".


title: Joel McHale

text: McHale voiced the mule Elliot in "Open Season 2" (the direct-to-video sequel to "Open Season") since Ashton Kutcher didn't come back; but in "Open Season 3", McHale didn't return himself and got replaced by Matthew W. Taylor, who was replaced by Will Townsend in "".


title: Joel McHale

text: McHale married Sarah Williams in 1996. They have two sons: Edward Roy, "Eddie" (born 2005) and Isaac Hayden (born 2008). McHale and Williams live in the Hollywood Hills.


title: Canvas

text: Canvas is a thick material usually made of woven cotton. It is used for tents and sails on boats and other places where a sturdy material would be good. It is similar to the material in blue jeans. It is often a white or pale tan color. It can also be used for painting or even making shoes.


title: Mongol invasions of Japan

text: The two failed invasion attempts are important because they were defining events in Japanese history.


title: Naturalism

text: Naturalism is a philosophical viewpoint. According to this viewpoint everything arises from natural properties and causes, and supernatural or spiritual explanations are excluded or discounted.


title: Mason Greenwood

text: Mason Greenwood is an English-Jamaican professional football player. Greenwood played for Manchester United and Jamaica national team. His usual position is as a forward.


title: Flash (camera)

text: A camera flash, sometimes called a strobe or just a flash, is a device used in photography to allow pictures to be taken of dark areas by producing a flash of very bright light.


title: Mongol invasions of Japan

text: After the destruction of the Mongol invaders, Japan's independence was guaranteed. A power struggle within Japan led to the growth of military governments and less Imperial power.


title: Mason Greenwood

text: Greenwood played in Manchester United's youth teams. He climbed through various youth groups within the United team. Eventually, in 2019, Greenwood played his first game for the Manchester United first team. When he scored against Astana in September 2019, Greenwood became the club's youngest goalscorer in European competition. He first played for England in September 2020 against Iceland.


title: Flash (camera)

text: Flashes are often built into cameras, but external flashes are available and are mostly used by professional photographers, they can be mounted directly to the camera, or used 'off-camera' on a special stand or tripod.


title: Mason Greenwood

text: He was arrested by the Greater Manchester Police in January 2022, on suspicion of assault and rape and shared it online. He has been removed from FIFA 22, EA Sports, FIFA. As of Feburary 2nd, he has been released on bail.


title: Flash (camera)

text: Flashes were first used in the late 1800's in the form of a stick with magnesium on the top that when burned would produce very bright light (the stick was held in the air, and the camera shutter released at the same time), later camera flashes used a special type of light bulb known as a flashbulb, and modern flashes use LED's or a special type of tube which emits a flash of mostly blue light when electricity is applied to it from the flash capacitor (known as a xenon flashtube).


title: Flash (camera)

text: The use of flashes is not allowed in some places where it may be annoying to other people or where the bright light could damage rare or very old objects (like paintings) such as in a museum.


title: Scribe

text: A scribe is an ancient occupation. A scribe's job involved reading and writing, especially during the Renaissance. Being a scribe meant writing letters, and historical records for kings, nobility, and temples. It was an important job when few people could read and write. Later, it changed into being secretaries, clerks: public servants, journalists, accountants and lawyers. Today, there are no scribes, but there are still authors and writers.


title: Oxford Street

text: Oxford Street is a major road in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. It is Europe's busiest shopping street, and has about 300 shops.


title: Scribe

text: The Ancient Egyptian scribe was an important job. Ancient Egypt also had its painters and artisans who decorated tombs, buildings, furniture, statues, and other relics with pictures and hieroglyphics. In Ancient Egypt, only males could be scribes. This was so in many civilisations, because most official positions were exclusively male.


title: Oxford Street

text: The street forms part of the A40 road, which connects London to Oxford. Like many roads in central London which are no longer through routes it is not signposted with the road number.


title: Scribe

text: The scribes had to be able to write not only the hieroglyphs, but also the hieratic (priestly) script, and they had to know arithmetic. They used a type of paper called papyrus, made from reeds, and wrote with reed pens and ink.


title: Oxford Street

text: Roughly halfway along Oxford Street is Oxford Circus, a busy intersection with Regent Street. A diagonal crossing at Oxford Circus opened in 2009, currently the only one of its kind in central London.


title: Harry Reid

text: Harry Mason Reid (December 2, 1939 – December 28, 2021) was an American politician. He was the United States senator from Nevada from 1987 to 2017. He was a member of the United States Democratic Party, and was their leader in the Senate. Earlier, Reid was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 until 1987 and Lieutenant Governor of Nevada between 1971 until 1975.


title: Harry Reid

text: Reid was born on December 2, 1939 in Searchlight, Nevada. He studied at Southern Utah University, at Utah State University, and at George Washington University.


title: Harry Reid

text: He returned to Nevada after law school and served as Henderson city attorney before being elected to the Nevada Assembly in 1968. In 1970, at age 30, Reid was chosen by O'Callaghan as his running mate for Lieutenant Governor of Nevada. Reid and his mentor O'Callaghan won the race and Reid served as lieutenant governor from 1971 until 1974. Reid became the youngest lieutenant governor in Nevada's history. When he ran for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Alan Bible. He lost by fewer than 600 votes to former Governor Paul Laxalt. In 1975, Reid ran for Mayor of Las Vegas and lost to Bill Briare.


title: Harry Reid

text: Nevada had only a single at-large member in the United States House of Representatives, but population growth in the 1970s caused the state to pick up a second district. Reid won the Democratic nomination for the Nevada's 1st congressional district, based in Las Vegas, in 1982, and easily won the general election. He served two terms in the House, from 1983 to 1987.


title: Harry Reid

text: In 1986, Reid won the Democratic nomination for the seat of retiring two-term current Republican Senator Paul Laxalt. He defeated former at-large Congressman Jim Santini, a Democrat who had turned Republican, in the November election. He coasted to reelection in 1992. However, he barely defeated 1st District Congressman John Ensign in 1998 in the midst of a statewide Republican sweep.


title: Harry Reid

text: In 2004, Reid won reelection with 61 percent of the vote, gaining the endorsement of several Republicans.


title: Harry Reid

text: Ensign was elected to Nevada's other Senate seat in 2000. He and Reid have a very good relationship, despite their bruising contest in 1998. The two frequently worked together on Nevada issues until Ensign was forced to resign his Senate seat.


title: Harry Reid

text: While Reid won the Democratic nomination with 75% of the vote in the June 8 primary, he faced a competitive general election for the 2010 Senate race in Nevada. Reid engaged in a $1 million media campaign to "reintroduce himself" to Nevada's voters. He defeated Republican challenger Sharron Angle in the general election.


title: Harry Reid

text: In 2015, Reid announced his retirement from the senate. In November 2016, Democrat Catherine Cortez Masto, who he supported to replace him, won the election.


title: Harry Reid

text: In May 2018, Reid had surgery for pancreatic cancer at Johns Hopkins Cancer Center after a tumor was found in his pancreas during a routine screening. In a January 2019 interview with "The New York Times", it was revealed that Reid was confined to a desk at his home and was unable to move without the aid of a walker.


title: Harry Reid

text: Reid died of pancreatic cancer at his home in Henderson, Nevada on December 28, 2021, at the age of 82.


title: Positronium

text: Positronium is an onium, a type of exotic atom that is made of a particle and its antiparticle. In Positronium, one positron and one electron are bonded together. The positron replaces a proton that would normally be present in a Hydrogen atom. They both stay in the same orbital. The atom is unstable, and a few nanoseconds after it is created, the positron and the electron collide, destroying the Positronium and forming two gamma rays.


title: Donald I of Scotland

text: Donald I was a king of Scotland from the death of his brother Kenneth MacAlpin (13 February 858) to his own death (sometime 862). He was chosen to be the next king as at this time. He was the son of Aílpin II, a king from Ireland.


title: Positronium

text: Positronium can form molecules, like normal atoms. It can bond with both other exotic atoms and normal atoms.


title: Donald I of Scotland

text: Donald I's reign began on 13 February 858 when his brother Kenneth died from natural causes. He was king for only 3-4 years as he died in 862. He left the throne to his nephew, Constantine I.


title: Positronium

text: Di-positronium is a simple molecule made from two positronium atoms bonded together. It was predicted in 1946 by John Archibald Wheeler, but was discovered in 2007 by David Cassidy and Allen Mills, when they fired positrons at molecules of silicon dioxide.


title: Donald I of Scotland

text: Donald I died on 13 April 862, 4 years and 2 months into his reign. He died in battle against Vikings. Not much else is known about his death.


title: Positronium

text: Positronium hydride, also called hydrogen positride, is an exotic molecule made of an atom of hydrogen bonded to a positronium atom. It was predicted in 1951 by A Ore, but was not discovered until 1990 by R. Pareja and R. Gonzalez, who discovered it when they trapped positronium in hydrogen-magnesia crystals.


title: Robinson Crusoe Island

text: Robinson Crusoe Island is the largest of three islands in the Juan Fernández archipelago, belonging to Chile. The island is also known as Isla Más a Tierra or Aguas Buenas. More than 800 people live on the island, which is from the coast of South America. In 1966, Chile renamed it Robinson Crusoe Island, because Alexander Selkirk had spent about four years alone there. Selkirk may have been the person who inspired Daniel Defoe to write the book "Robinson Crusoe".


title: Abu Ghraib prison

text: Abu Ghraib prison is a prison in Abu Ghraib, a city 32 km west of Baghdad, Iraq. It became known when Saddam Hussein tortured and executed dissidents there. After the United States had invaded Iraq, there was also a scandal where US forces tortured prisoners.


title: Pig iron

text: Pig iron is iron with a high carbon content. Pig iron is made by smelting iron ore into ingot form, in a blast furnace. It’s called pig iron because when being cast, each ingot being cast looks like a Piglet suckling milk from a sow.


title: Pig iron

text: Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese knew about pig iron, and were producing it as early as 1100BC.


title: Pig iron

text: Pig iron is refined into Wrought iron by melting it and blowing hot air through it. Pig iron can also be turned into gray iron.


title: Pig iron

text: Originally, pig iron was poured out the bottom of the furnace and shipped to a steel mill for processing. Now, we turn the metal into pellets before shipping it.


title: Chicago Cubs

text: The Chicago Cubs are a professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Cubs became World Series Champions in 2016, ending a 108-year drought.


title: Fathom

text: The fathom is a unit of length. It is used especially when talking about operating ships, to measure the depth of water. It is equal to two yards. The distance between a man's outstreched arms is about a fathom. By this definition, a statute mile is 880 fathoms long. According to the directive 80/181/EWG, one fathom is 1,829 meters long.


title: Nonlinear system

text: In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system, where the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. In nature, most systems are non-linear.


title: Chicago Cubs

text: The Cubs were started in 1870. They originally wore all-white uniforms and were called the Chicago White Stockings. (The current Chicago White Sox got their nickname from the Cubs' original nickname.) By the 1890s the team was called the "Colts". In the early 1900s, the nicknames "Colts" and "Cubs" were both used. The name "Cubs" became official in 1906.


title: Fathom

text: In 1959 the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom defined the length of the international yard to be exactly 0.9144 metre. With the adoption of the metric SI system the use of fathoms declined.


title: Nonlinear system

text: Nonlinear problems are interesting to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other scientists. In nature, most systems are nonlinear. Nonlinear dynamical systems, describe changes in variables over time. Such systems may appear chaotic, unpredictable, or counterintuitive. Linear systems are much simpler.