title: Felipe Calderón

text: Calderón's inauguration ceremony on 1 December at the Congress of the Union was tense and lasted less than five minutes, as he barely managed to recite the oath of office while the PRD legislators shouted in protest against the alleged electoral fraud and attempted to impede his inauguration, and afterward he quickly left the building for security reasons as some of the legislators engaged in violent brawls. Besides the claims of fraud, Calderón took office with the smallest percentage of votes for a winning presidential candidate in Mexican history (35.8%), which meant that his administration would face severe legitimacy problems. Only a month after taking office, Calderón declared war on the drug cartels and organized crime, thus beginning the Mexican Drug War. This was considered by many as an immediate strategy to gain popular legitimacy and acceptation for the new President after the convoluted elections.


title: Taiping Rebellion

text: The Taiping Rebellion was a civil war in China from 1850 to 1864. It was led by Hong Xiuquan. The Taiping Rebellion was against the ruling Qing Dynasty. About 20 million people died. Most of them were civilians.


title: Taiping Rebellion

text: Hong established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天囯). When it was most powerful, it had about 30 million people joining in it. The rebels tried to change society. Troops were nicknamed the Long hair (長毛, cháng máo).


title: Taiping Rebellion

text: Hong Xiuquan was a clever student. He wanted to go into government service. He studied hard and would probably have passed the government tests. However, he discovered that the officials in charge expected bribes. Hong's family was poor at this time and did not have any money.Their family was loyal to the old Ming dynasty, and decided that his failure was because of the corrupt Manchu Qing dynasty. Soon after, Hong became seriously ill. In a fever, he saw himself in the "Thirty-third Heaven". He said that he saw a man called the Venerable (Respected) in Years. The Venerable in Years gave Hong a sword and told him to destroy the demon-worshipers who had rebelled against the Venerable in Years. With the help of the Venerable in Years's son, Hong saw himself doing battle against the demon forces.


title: Taiping Rebellion

text: Shortly after he became healthy again, Hong read the Old Testament and believed it showed his vision was right. He felt that he had met with God and that God had chosen him for a son/prophet/messiah.


title: Taiping Rebellion

text: Nimade wanted to know more about Christianity. The missionaries he met disagreed with Hong's vision. They did not agree that he was the brother of Jesus. Hong left them and decided to make his own cult. In Hong's cult, God was the Father, Christ was the Son and Elder (Older) Brother, and Hong was the Younger Brother. He called the New Testament the "Former Testament". He called his own ideas the New Testament. Hong's friend Yang Xiuqing used to sell firewood. Yang claimed to be able to act as a voice of God, to direct the people and gain political power.


title: Taiping Rebellion

text: China was very weak at this time, and the people were hungry. People began to join Hong's new religion. By 1851 he had a ten-thousand-man army. The rebels cut off their pigtails and made their hair loose. This showed that they were in rebellion to the Manchu.


title: Taiping Rebellion

text: The Taiping Rebellion lasted from 1851 to 1864. It has been guessed that in the fighting, 20 to 30 million people died. At last, corruption of the rebellion's leaders made people angry. Hong committed suicide in June 1864. The Ever-Victorious Army led by Charles George Gordon joined the war. The Taiping capital, Nanjing, became controlled by the Imperial Army.


title: McComb, Mississippi

text: McComb is a city in Pike County, Mississippi, about 80 miles south of Jackson, just off of Interstate 55. As of the 2000 census, 13,337 people lived there, about a thousand more than in the 1980 census (12,331). It is the principal city of the McComb, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. McComb was founded in 1872 after Henry Simpson McComb of the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad (which would become the Illinois Central Railroad and now a part of the Canadian National Railway), decided to move the railroad's maintenance shops away from New Orleans, Louisiana, to avoid the New Orleans' saloons.


title: EastEnders

text: EastEnders is a British drama season TV soap opera in the United Kingdom. It has been running since February 1985, and has had over 5700 episodes. The programme is a rival of "Coronation Street" and "Emmerdale". It is shown on BBC One.


title: EastEnders

text: The programme is in a pretend area of East London, called Walford. It is filmed in Elstree, a village in Borehamwood. Like "Coronation Street", most action is around a local pub. The pub in "EastEnders" is called The Queen Vic.


title: EastEnders

text: There are many story lines, including drug abuse, rape, racism, domestic violence, murder, kidnapping, prostitution, theft, senile dementia, arson, and runaway children.


title: Certificate of deposit

text: A certificate of deposit (CD) is a way to store money at a bank or credit union. A CD is written for a period of time: usually between three months and five years. The person who wanted the CD—the consumer—agrees to give the money to the bank for that period of time and may not take the money back until the time has expired. If the consumer takes the money back before the agreed amount of time, they will have to pay a penalty fee. Once your contract is over, you are given your money back plus the interest it earned. People open CDs instead of savings accounts because the interest is higher. A certificate of deposit (which is common only in the United States) is similar to a time deposit.


title: Ensign (rank)

text: Ensign is the lowest rank of a officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy.


title: Steve Bridges

text: Steve Bridges (May 22, 1963 – March 3, 2012) was an American comedian, impressionist, and actor. He was known for his impressions of politicians, television characters and broadcasters including Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Don Knotts, Homer Simpson, Tom Brokaw, Paul Harvey, and Rush Limbaugh.


title: Steve Bridges

text: On March 3, 2012, Bridges was found dead by his maid in his Los Angeles home, aged 48. His death was ruled an accident, with the probable cause "upper airway anaphylaxis” from a severe allergic reaction.


title: Mpumalanga

text: Mpumalanga is a province in South Africa. It is one of South Africa's 9 provinces. The name of the province means 'where the sun rises'.


title: Project Gutenberg

text: Project Gutenberg (PG) is an online project that offers a digital archive of copyright-free e-books in the public domain. It was started in 1971 by Michael S. Hart. The purpose of the Project is to collect in and make available cultural work (like books) using computers. These are generally free and may be used on most computers. The project gets its name from Johannes Gutenberg, a German publisher who made the first European printing press in 1439.


title: Project Gutenberg

text: As Project Gutenberg continued to grow, in 2000, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, Inc. was created. It is a non-profit organization with main office in Mississippi, United States.


title: Pope Boniface VIII

text: Pope Boniface VIII (; c. 1230 – October 11, 1303), born Benedetto Caetani, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 194th Pope from 1294 to 1303.


title: Pope Boniface VIII

text: Benedetto Caetani was born in 1235 at Anagni in Italy. Caetani studied at Todi and at Spoleto where he earned a degree in law. He came from a very noble family. His family was in government.


title: Pope Boniface VIII

text: In 1281, Pope Martin IV raised Caetani to the rank of cardinal. In 1291, Pope Nicholas IV made him Cardinal of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti.


title: Pope Boniface VIII

text: Boniface VIII made a rule that if a ruler (king) fined people taxes without the church or popes' permission that the ruler would be excluded from the church. He would make rash decisions without consideration. He was known to be harsh, mean, cruel, and did not listen to other people's recommendations. For example, He declared a very rash papal law that all people, not just Christians, must follow him if they want to go to heaven. He believed as the Pope, all rulers should bow down to him and respect him.


title: Pope Boniface VIII

text: Dante mentions Boniface in "The Inferno." He identifies the pope as "the Prince of the new Pharisees."


title: Duodenum

text: The duodenum is a short section of the small intestine, and is where most digestion in the small intestine takes place. It receives secretions, including bile and juice, from the pancreas and the liver through the pancreatic and common bile ducts. These secretions limit, or neutralise, the stomach acidity. Also, enzymes help to digest the food.


title: Buddy Holly

text: Buddy Holly (born in Lubbock, Texas as Charles Hardin Holley, September 7, 1936 – February 3, 1959) was an American rock and roll singersongwriter. In April 1959, he had a number one song (after death) on UK Singles Chart music chart. He wrote "That'll Be the Day"; In 1957 the song when played by The Crickets, went to number one on Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart.


title: Buddy Holly

text: Holly was important in the history of rock and roll music overall, and in the sub genre, rockabilly music.


title: Buddy Holly

text: Holly played several different types of instruments. His style was influenced by gospel music, country music, and rhythm and blues. The style of his music shifted from country and western to entirely rock and roll. His group were called The Crickets.


title: Buddy Holly

text: Buddy Holly died on February 3, 1959 when a Beechcraft Bonanza 35 airplane carrying him crashed into a field near Mason City, Iowa. Also killed in the crash were Ritchie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, including pilot Roger Peterson.


title: Buddy Holly

text: Singer Don McLean's popular 1971 song "American Pie" made February 3 known as "The Day the Music Died."


title: Nellie Bly

text: Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman (born Elizabeth Jane Cochran; May 5, 1864 – January 27, 1922), better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, was an American journalist, novelist and inventor. She was a newspaper reporter, who worked at various jobs for exposing poor working conditions. Nellie Bly, also, fought for women's right and was known for investigative reporting. She best known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72 days, inspired by the adventure novel "Around the World in Eighty Days" by Jules Verne. In the 1880s, she went undercover as a mentally ill patient in a psychiatric hospital for ten days, with the report being made public in a book called ""Ten Days in a Mad-House"". She was added to the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1998.


title: Nellie Bly

text: Bly was born in Cochran's Mills, Pennsylvania. She married industrialist Robert Seaman in 1895. After his death in 1904, Bly took over his company.


title: Aggression

text: Aggression refers to behavior between members of the same species that is intended to cause humiliation, pain, or harm.


title: Aggression

text: Ferguson and Beaver defined aggressive behavior as ""Behavior which is intended to increase the social dominance of the organism relative to the dominance position of other organisms"”


title: Aggression

text: There are two types of aggression - hostile, affective aggression and instrumental, predatory, or goal-oriented aggression.


title: Aggression

text: Reactive relational aggression (hostile, affective, retaliatory) is used in response to feeling attacked, threatened, or mad. Usually the person who shows this type of aggression feels provoked to do so. Instrumental relational aggression (predatory, goal-oriented) is used in order for an individual to get what they want.


title: Aggression

text: Predatory or defensive behavior between members of different species is not normally considered as "aggression."


title: Aggression

text: Like most, or even all behaviors, aggression can be examined in terms of its ability to help an animal reproduce and survive. Animals may use aggression to gain and secure territories, as well as other resources including food, water, and mating opportunities.


title: Aggression

text: The most apparent type of aggression is that seen in the interaction between a predator and its prey. An animal defending itself against a predator becomes aggressive in order to survive and predator in order to secure food. Because aggression against a much larger enemy or group of enemies would be nearly certain to lead to the death of an animal, animals have developed a good sense of when they are outnumbered. This ability to gauge the strength of other animals gives animals a "fight or flight" response to predators; depending on how strong they gauge the predator to be, animals will either become aggressive or flee.


title: Aggression

text: Although humans share aspects of aggression with non-human animals, they differ from most of them in the complexity of their aggression because of factors such as culture, morals, and social situations.


title: Aggression

text: Aggression is a behavior where one harms another individual intentionally. Over the years, there has been an ongoing debate on the origin or causes of aggression among humans. Some theories argue that aggression is innate, while others contend it is a learned behavior.


title: Financial market

text: A financial market is a market in which people trade different assets at low trade costs. Some of these include stocks and bonds, natural materials and rare metals, which are known sometimes as commodities.


title: Financial market

text: The word "market" is sometimes used for what is more like "exchanges" (trading) of stuff, and groups that help the trade in financial commodities, for example a stock trading or commodity trade. This can be a real on land location (such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), London Stock Exchange (LSE)) or an online electric system such as NASDAQ.


title: Analogue computer

text: Analogue computers are mechanical or electronic devices which solve problems. some are used to control machines. They were once the only way a machine could be controlled, and are still used in cases where digital computers are not the best choice. The abacus, a digital device also sometimes called a computer, was used by Babylonians in c. 2500 BC.


title: Analogue computer

text: The earliest known analogue computer in metal was the Antikythera device. However, this was certainly not the first in other forms. Some people think that mental inventions count as analogue computers, such as the invention of the zero (Ancient Egypt 1700 BC). But in that case almost every invention by mankind would count as an analogue computer, and that is not really how the term is used.


title: Analogue computer

text: Certainly the invention of the slide rule was important for calculations. They were developed in the 17th century by William Oughtred, after John Napier's work on logarithms. Slide rules are definitely mechanical calculating machines. They were the most commonly used tools in science and engineering before the 1960s/1970s.


title: Analogue computer

text: For the industrial revolution the invention of James Watt's governor was critical, because it was a negative feedback control for large pumps and engines. In fact most analogue computers work with continuous data rather that discrete or digital data. They are like abstract models of the real world. An analogue engine models the critical aspects of the real-world engine.


title: Analogue computer

text: Since the middle 20th century some wristwatches have had a circular slide rule built in. They were mostly used in aviation. Such a calculator is considered too technical a device for most other watch wearers. The circular slide rule has not been emulated digitally in any notable applications.


title: Finn Wolfhard

text: Finn Wolfhard (born December 23, 2002) is a Canadian actor and musician. He is best known for starring as Mike Wheeler in the Netflix series "Stranger Things". He also appeared in the 2017 movie "It" as Richie Tozier and the television series "Supernatural". He was part of the band "The Aubreys" and the lead singer and guitarist of the rock band Calpurnia until 2019.


title: Strasbourg Cathedral

text: Strasbourg Cathedral or the Cathedral of Our Lady of Strasbourg (, or "Cathédrale de Strasbourg", or "Straßburger Münster"), also known as Strasbourg Minster, is a cathedral. The cathedral was built in Gothic style. The belltower is 142 m high. It was the highest building in the world from 1647 to 1874. It is currently the second-highest cathedral in France, after Rouen Cathedral, which is 9m higher, at 151m. In 1880, Cologne Cathedral was finished (157m), and later Ulm minster (at 161m), the highest Cathedral in the World.


title: Rebecca Black

text: Rebecca Renee Black (born June 21, 1997) is an American singer-songwriter. who gained fame for her 2011 single, Friday. Her single gained around 1,000 views in the first month and has had negative views. After the video saw many views on YouTube and other social media websites, "Friday" expressed unpraise by many music critics and viewers. They described it as "the worst song ever". After the video was uploaded in Youtube on February 10, 2011 and its temporary removal on June 16, 2011, the music video received around 167 million views. Black re-uploaded it to her own YouTube channel in September 2011.


title: Strasbourg Cathedral

text: Considerable parts of it are still in Romanesque architecture. Nevertheless, it is widely considered to be among the finest examples of high, or late, Gothic architecture. Erwin von Steinbach is credited for major contributions from 1277 to his death in 1318.


title: Rebecca Black

text: Rebecca Renee Black was born on June 21, 1997, in Irvine, California. She is the daughter of John Jeffery Black and Georgina Marquez Kelly, who are veterinarians. Her mother is of half Mexican ancestry, and her father is from Iowa, is of Italian, English, and Polish ancestry. She has one younger brother named Chase (born August 25, 1999). Her parents divorced in 2003 when Black was in first grade. Her grandmother lives in Illinois. Black's aunts and uncles live around the United States.


title: Strasbourg Cathedral

text: Victor Hugo described it as a "gigantic and delicate marvel". The cathedral is visible far across the plains of Alsace and can be seen from as far off as the Vosges mountains or the Black Forest on the other side of the Rhine.


title: Rebecca Black

text: Black originally attended private school from kindergarten to 6th grade. She moved to a public school due to bullying. She joined the school's musical theater program, which she felt being involved in was "meant to be," and that she became part of another family. In April 2011, She dropped out in favor of homeschooling because she needed to focus on her career and she wanted to avoid insults from her former classmates. She was also failing English class because of her busy schedule.


title: Strasbourg Cathedral

text: An Al-Qaeda plot to bomb the adjacent Christmas market was prevented in 2000 by French and German police.


title: Bonnie Hunt

text: Bonnie Lynne Hunt (born September 21, 1961) is an American comedian, actress, writer, director, television producer, and daytime television hosts. She starred in "The Bonnie Hunt Show" in late 2000s.


title: Bonnie Hunt

text: Hunt was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is the daughter of Alice E. (née Jatczak), a homemaker, and Robert Edward Hunt, an electrician. Her mother is of Polish ancestry and her father was of Irish and Belgian ancestry. She was raised in a large Catholic family, and has three older brothers, Patrick, Kevin, and Tom, two older sisters, Cathy and Carol, and one younger sister, Mary. Hunt was educated in Catholic schools and attended St. Ferdinand Grammar School and Notre Dame High School for Girls in Chicago.


title: Bonnie Hunt

text: Hunt married investment banker John Murphy in 1988. However, during her June 6, 2006, appearance on the "Late Show with David Letterman", she mentioned that she was single again.


title: Bonnie Hunt

text: Hunt's hometown is Chicago and she is a lifelong Chicago Cubs fan, having not missed an Opening Day at Wrigley Field since 1977. She is a supporter of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, of which she is an honorary board member.


title: Dietitian

text: In a medical setting they can give food supplements for those people who cannot get what they need because of swallowing problems.


title: Al Jolson

text: Al Jolson (May 26, 1886 – October 23, 1950) was a Lithuanian - American singer and actor. His career lasted from 1911 until his death in 1950. He was called "the world's greatest entertainer”.


title: Dietitian

text: Dietitians want to find, cook and serve tasty, attractive and healthy food to patients, their families and healthcare providers.


title: Al Jolson

text: His singing style was "sentimental [and] melodramatic". This style made many songs popular. Jolson influenced many famous singers. Some of these singers were Bing Crosby Judy Garland, rock and country entertainer Jerry Lee Lewis, and Bob Dylan. Dylan said Jolson was "somebody whose life I can feel".


title: Dietitian

text: In many countries only people with specific degrees or certifications can call themselves dietitians.


title: Al Jolson

text: Jolson was America's most famous and highest paid entertainer in the 1930s. Jolson sang and acted in the first (full length) talking movie, "The Jazz Singer" in 1927. He starred in many other musical movies in the 1930s. A movie about Jolson's life, "The Jolson Story", won Oscars in 1946. Larry Parks played Jolson, but Jolson sang the songs himself. A sequel, "Jolson Sings Again," was released in 1949, and was nominated for three Oscars. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Jolson became the first star to entertain troops overseas during World War II. Again in 1950 became the first star to perform for GIs in Korea. He did 42 shows in 16 days.


title: Dietitian

text: The term nutritionist is widely used as it is not controlled like the title dietitian, but the word nutritionist can be used without having the qualifications of registered dietitians.


title: Al Jolson

text: He sometimes performed in blackface makeup. This was a theatrical convention in the mid-19th century. With his unique and dynamic style of singing black music, like jazz and blues, he was later credited with single-handedly introducing African-American music to white audiences. As early as 1911 he became known for fighting against anti-black discrimination on Broadway. Jolson's well-known theatrics and his promotion of equality on Broadway helped pave the way for many black performers, playwrights, and songwriters, including Cab Calloway, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Fats Waller, and Ethel Waters.


title: Dietitian

text: A nutritionist is not a dietitian as he is not registered to a national board and does not have the same qualifications.


title: Dietitian

text: Dietitians are important in the medical multidisciplinary team because they are experts in nutrition and can give advice to doctors, nurses, and other health care workers.


title: Dietitian

text: Dietitians supervise the preparation and service of food, help in research, and teach people on how to eat well.


title: Young Sheldon

text: Young Sheldon is an American comedy television series on CBS created by Chuck Lorre and Steven Molaro. The series is a spin-off prequel to "The Big Bang Theory", and premiered as a special preview on September 25, 2017, and two days later, CBS picked up the series for a full season of 22 episodes. On November 2, 2017, new episodes began airing weekly.


title: Development economics

text: Different countries have economies that are in different states of development. Development economics is a branch of economics that looks at ways on how to improve economic development. Very often, it is used in developing countries. In these context, many factors that are outside pure microecomics hinder economic development: A developing country may have a low literacy, or a high infant mortality. Plans to improve economic development in such a country therefore also needs to provide a solution to these problems (which are not economic ones).


title: Development economics

text: Economic development generally is measured by the human development index, life expectancy etc.These are the tools which institutions like IMF and world Bank use to classify a country as a developed, underdeveloped or newly industrialized emerging economies.


title: Victor Skumin

text: Victor Andreevich Skumin () (born 30 August 1948) is a Russian psychologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, medical doctor and writer.


title: Victor Skumin

text: Victor Skumin was born on 30 August 1948 in Penza Oblast, Russia. His father, Andrew Skumin, was a KGB officer. The family many times moved from one city to another. These cities were Penza, Chelyabinsk, Petrozavodsk.


title: Victor Skumin

text: Skumin studied medicine at the Kharkov National Medical University. He graduated the university in 1973 with diploma with honours.


title: Victor Skumin

text: In 1976, he became a psychotherapist in Kiev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. Skumin was the first to described a previously unknown disease, now it is called "Skumin syndrome".


title: Victor Skumin

text: From 1980 to 1990, he has been professor of psychotherapy at the Kharkov Medical Academy of Postgraduate education. During this period Skumin investigated borderline mental disorders in chronic diseases of the digestive system in children and adolescents.


title: Victor Skumin

text: From 1990 to 1994, Skumin held positions as Professor by the Chair of Psychology and Pedagogy, and Professor by the Chair of Physical Education and Health life at the Kharkov State Academy of Culture. In 1994, Skumin became President of the World Organization of Culture of Health (WOCH) — International social movement "To Health via Culture" (Russian: Междунаро́дное обще́ственное Движе́ние «К Здоро́вью че́рез Культу́ру»).


title: Victor Skumin

text: In 1995, Skumin became the first editor-in-chief of the journal "To Health via Culture". This journal of the World Organisation of Culture of Health (″World Health Culture Organization″) received an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 0204-3440. The main topics of the magazine are the dissemination of ideas of Culture of Health, holistic medicine, and Buddhism.


title: Victor Skumin

text: In the Russian Orthodox Church the social activities of this international organization qualifies as an ideology of the New Age.


title: Victor Skumin

text: In 1968, when Skumin was still a medical student, he proposed the term ″culture of health″ (Russian: ″Культу́ра Здоро́вья″), which has become widespread. The main task of the culture of health is to do health programs that support a holistic approach to physical, mental and spiritual well-being.


title: Victor Skumin

text: The 'culture of health' means recognizing health’s central importance in life. Skumin referred to the works of Helena Blavatsky, Helena and Nicholas Roerich, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and Alexander Chizhevsky. In some of his publications, he argues that the culture of health will play an important role in the creation of a human spiritual society in the Solar System.


title: Victor Skumin

text: The doctrine of a culture of health, proposed by Skumin, the culture – spiritual, mental, and physical – determines the status of human health. And health – spiritual, mental, physical – is a prerequisite for achieving a higher level of culture.


title: Victor Skumin

text: "Skumin syndrome" () was described by Skumin in 1978 as a "cardioprosthetic psychopathological syndrome", associated with mechanical heart valve implant and manifested by irrational fear and sleep disorder. Patients have doubts about the reliability of the device, fear of breakdown, and suffer anxiety and depression. This syndrome is often accompanied by asthenia.


title: Victor Skumin

text: Alain Carpentier – a member of the French Academy of Sciences and the head the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris – believed in 2011 that Skumin syndrome develops in a quarter of the patients with an artificial heart valve. It is possible that a similar problem arises in the conduct of operations to implement an artificial heart.


title: Victor Skumin

text: In 1979, Skumin created a special modification of mind control method for psychological rehabilitation of patients.


title: Victor Skumin

text: This method is based on autogenic training. Autogenic training is a relaxation technique developed by the psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz. He emphasized parallels to techniques in yoga and meditation. It is a method for influencing one's autonomic nervous system. The technique involves the daily practice of sessions that last around 15 minutes, usually in the morning, at lunch time, and in the evening. During each session, the practitioner will repeat a set of visualisations that induce a state of relaxation. Each session can be practiced in a position chosen amongst a set of recommended postures.


title: Victor Skumin

text: The technique of the Skumin mind control method (Russian: "Психотре́нинг по Ску́мину") involves the use of two standard postures: sitting meditation and lying down meditation. This method of psychotraining includes five psychological exercises: the first is "the relaxation", the second one is "the warming", the third one is "the zero gravity", the fourth one is "the target autosuggestion", and the fifth exercise is "the psychological activation". Each session contain explanation of the theory and practice of each new exercise as it is reached.


title: Victor Skumin

text: The therapeutic effect of the Skumin mind control method is achieved by the neutralization of traumatic emotional experiences and the progressive reorganization of the psychic structures to include previously unacceptable mental contents, too. This method of psychotherapy has found application in medical practice, in particular in the treatment of phobias, headaches, etc.


title: Victor Skumin

text: Skumin proposed mixture subsequently named after him. "Skumin’s mixture" () is a medicine with a sedative effect, affecting the central nervous system. It is used to treat Skumin syndrome, light forms of heart failure, anxiety and sleep disorders, and asthenia. The medicine is known to be well tolerated, with no contra-indications, except sensitivity. The formula contains Adonis vernalis, Crataegus, Valerian root, Leonurus cardiaca, Eucalyptus, Peppermint, and Rose hip.


title: Victor Skumin

text: Skumin wrote many books and articles on a variety medical and spiritual topics advocating a holistic approach to health. He is the author or co-author of a series illustrated books on the culture of health, yoga, Roerich’s philosophy, and Buddhism.


title: Victor Skumin

text: Skumin was important in the Western transmission and revival of Theravada Buddhism. Today Theravada Buddhists, who are also known as Theravadins, number over 100 million worldwide; in recent decades Theravada has begun to take root in the West and in the Buddhist revival in Nepal.


title: Quena

text: The quena, also written as "kena" in English, is the traditional flute of Peru and the Andes. Made of bamboo, it has six finger holes and one thumb hole and is open on both ends. To make a sound, the player closes the top end of the pipe with the flesh between the chin and lower lip, and blows a stream of air downward, over a notch cut into the end. It is normally in the key of G major. G is the lowest note when all the holes are covered. It produces a very breathy or airy tone.


title: IPad Air 2

text: The iPad Air 2 is the second generation version of the iPad Air tablet computer that is designed and sold by Apple Inc. It was announced during an event on October 16, 2014 along with the iPad mini 3. It has a thinner design and also has Touch ID compared to the iPad Air.


title: Quena

text: The quenacho (also "kenacho" in English) is a bigger, lower sounding type of quena and made the same way. It is in the key of D major, a fourth lower than the quena. In most of Andes' towns "vamos a ir a la quena" (we will go to the quena) was used to threaten little children, because the quena was made of bamboo, a hard material.


title: Quena

text: Quena is mostly used in traditional Andean music. In the 1960s and 1970s the quena was used by several Nueva Canción musicians. Some groups such as Illapu have used it regularly. In the 1980s and 1990s some post-Nueva Canción rock groups have also used the quena in some of their songs; notably Soda Stereo in "Cuando Pase el Temblor" and Los Enanitos Verdes in "Lamento Boliviano". The quena is also relatively common in World music.


title: Tolkāppiyam

text: The name of the author could not be identified (usually referred as "Tholkappiyar") and the work apparently relates to Grammar in Tamil.


title: Tolkāppiyam

text: It is learnt that the author was one of the 12 disciples of Sage Agastya the Father of Tamil Grammar. This sage was living in the south near Madurai, during the visit of Lord Ram to the south in search of his wife, abducted by the Lankan King Ravan.


title: Tolkāppiyam

text: The age of Lord Ram precedes that of Lord Krishna and hence the work can safely be said to precede 3000 BC (the ideal period of Mahabharat Yudh).


title: Tolkāppiyam

text: Lord Shiva and his Son Murugan is said to have laid the first tenets for the Tamil Language, probably long long time before sage Agastya could compile the same.


title: Lee Mack

text: Lee Gordon McKillop (born 4 August 1968), better known as Lee Mack, is a British comedian and actor. He is best known for creating and starring in the sitcom "Not Going Out" (2006–present). He is also known for being a "captain" on the panel show "Would I Lie to You?". He has also presented the panel shows "They Think It's All Over" and "Duck Quacks Don't Echo".


title: Lee Mack

text: Mack was born in Blackburn, Lancashire, England. His parents later separated and Mack moved to Southport. He married Tara McKillop in 2005. They have three children. He has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


title: Orunamamu

text: Orunamamu (Mary Beth Washington; 4 April 1921 4 September 2014) was an American-Canadian professional storyteller and teacher. Her storytelling led her on journeys across the United States including Alaska, overseas to the United Kingdom and Egypt. She moved to Canada during her final years.


title: Gold Marilyn Monroe (Andy Warhol)

text: Andy Warhol's Gold Marilyn Monroe is an art piece composed of a photograph of Marilyn Monroe’s face centered on a large (6′ 11″ x 4′ 9″) gold-painted canvas. Warhol used silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas. Completed in 1962, it depicts the celebrity Marilyn Monroe. The image of Monroe is a direct copy of a close-up shot from her film "". This piece was completed the same year as the celebrity's untimely death.


title: Gold Marilyn Monroe (Andy Warhol)

text: A sex icon with an innocent aura, Monroe lived a paradoxical life. She was a highly sought-after celebrity, yet she suffered from stage fright and anxiety. Once Monroe was immersed into Hollywood, she was an influential character but she was subject to the lifestyle that accompanies fame. As her popularity increased, her drug habits and anxiety got more and more out of control. This led to her eventual suicide in 1962.


title: Gold Marilyn Monroe (Andy Warhol)

text: (Andy) Warhol painted a large canvas a shiny gold color. In the center of the canvas and latex, he silk-screened a black and white photograph of Monroe. He painted her face, hair, and blouse.


title: Gold Marilyn Monroe (Andy Warhol)

text: The color gold is known to signify wealth, fame, illumination, and wisdom. It draws the eye to the central figure of the painting: Marilyn Monroe. The image of Monroe was not painted by Warhol. In fact, it is a direct copy of a close-up image from the film Niagara. This suggests to the reproductibility of Hollywood actors: Hollywood will always find new actors to replace old ones. Gold Marilyn Monroe includes a reproduction of an iconic image, but it is shown in a new light. She is encompassed by this ocean of gold, the relentless waters of Hollywood. Though Monroe’s face is the main focal point, it is very small in relation to the whole canvas, signifying the effects of grandeur on the human psyche. Monroe’s struggle with fame and drug addiction led to her eventual overdose and suicide in 1962.


title: Gold Marilyn Monroe (Andy Warhol)

text: Warhol was entranced by the idea of fame and beauty, leading him to undergo a number of cosmetic surgeries in early adulthood. He dyed his hair metallic-white after college and got nose-reduction surgery in his mid-twenties. He was living in New York City when he created Gold Marilyn Monroe. He was much immersed into the celebrity lifestyle, frequenting Studio 54 and even producing television shows in his later years. It can be inferred that he idolized Marilyn Monroe and related to her struggles with anxiety. Gold Marilyn subtly conveys these struggles Monroe and Warhol both underwent.


title: Gold Marilyn Monroe (Andy Warhol)

text: The figure in the center of the canvas is empowered, yet oppressed. This dichotomy is synonymous to the life that Monroe led. As her popularity and stardom increased, her drug habits and anxiety got more and more out of control. The shiny-gold background of Gold Marilyn Monroe adds to the twinkling quality of Monroe’s close-up. She appears to shine brighter amidst this already shiny color; this gives the impression that Monroe was her own entity, illuminating those around her. Although she was part of Hollywood, she created her own image and had a unique personality. She turned into a sex icon while still retaining elements of childlike innocence, a feat that many have failed to accomplish. She was known as a feminist, but she died before the feminist movement gained much traction. Monroe’s life was very complex. Although she was a star, she struggled with stage fright. She had drug problems, but she was mostly successful in keeping it out of the public sphere. The Hollywood lifestyle was a catalyst for her eventual suicide. The gold background of Warhol’s Gold Marilyn is the depiction of Hollywood; Marilyn is stuck right in the middle, unable to escape, lending to the oppressed feeling.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a book written by Mark Twain, published in 1884. It is a sequel to his earlier book, "Tom Sawyer".


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: After "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", Huck was adopted by the widow Douglas who wants to “civilize” him and so he joined Tom’s band of robbers.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: One day, Huck’s father Pap, a violent drunkard, appears in St. Petersburg. When a new judge arrives, Pap gains custody of his son and moves to a cabin on the other side of the river. Huck is kept locked but fakes his own death and hides on Jackson’s Island, a small island on the river. There he meets Miss Watson’s black slave Jim who ran away.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: When they find a raft, they decide to go to a free state. After a storm, a house is floating down the river and they enter it and grab what they can. Inside, there is a dead man shot in the back and Jim prevents Huck from seeing the dead man’s face.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: Huck dresses as a girl and returns to town because he wants to hear what’s going on in town. A woman tells that Jim is considered to be Huck’s murderer. Moreover, she is suspicious about Huck’s true sex and reveals that he is a boy. Huck returns to the island and together with Jim he flees downriver.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: After some time on the river, they are separated by a passing steaming boat and Huck meets the Grangerfords, a rich family. He befriends with Buck Grangerford who is about his age. The Grangerfords are in a 30-year feud against the Shepherdsons, another rich family along the Mississippi. When a conflict breaks out, all Grangerford males are killed. Huck can escape and reunites with Jim. Together they float further downriver.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: Later, they rescue two con men who join the boys on their journey. They pull several scams along the river. Once, they pretend to be a dead man’s brothers and escape after their true identities are revealed.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: Later, the elder one sells Jim. Huck finds out that Jim is now owned by the Phelps. He decides to free him and pretends to be the Phelps’ nephew Tom Sawyer. When the real Tom arrives, he plays along.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: Jim is held in a shed and Tom has a risky escape plan. As they carry out their plan, Tom is shot in the leg. While Huck gets help, Jim remains with Tom. When they return to the farm, Jim is recaptured while Tom is unconscious.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: When Tom awakes, he reveals that Jim had been free for weeks after his owner died two months ago. He did not tell Huck because he wanted a risky plan to rescue Jim. Furthermore, Tom’s Aunt Polly arrives and reveals Huck’s and Tom’s real identities. Moreover, Jim tells that Pap was the dead man on the floating house. Finally, Huck decides to go West.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" received often good reviews, but the novel was controversial from the beginning. When the American edition came out in 1885 some libraries banned it.


title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

text: Today, many people feel that the book attacks racism and shows that it is bad. Others criticize the book because it shows things like slavery, and uses words like "nigger". They also think that, although Jim is not meant to be a bad character, he has some stereotypes of that time.


title: Toast

text: Toast is bread which has been grilled until hot and crispy. A toaster, grill or open fire is used. Toasted bread is both darker in color and crunchier than normal bread. Toast can be eaten with a range of condiments spread on the surface, such as butter, jam, honey, and cheese to make cheese on toast, though these are optional as some people prefer their toast without condiments (dry toast).


title: Toast

text: Toast can also be used to make 'toasties', where a filling is compressed and heated between two slices of buttered bread in a toastie maker. Popular fillings include cheese, jam, peanut butter and chocolate spread.


title: Toast

text: Before the invention of modern cooking appliances such as toasters and grills, bread has been produced in ovens for millennia. Toast can be made in the same oven.


title: Toast

text: Many brands of sliced bread are available, some specifically marketing their suitability for toasting.


title: Sidrapong Hydel Power Station

text: Sidrapong Hydroelectric Power Station (a.k.a. Sidrapong Hydel Power Station), located from Darjeeling town, is the oldest hydroelectric power plant in India. Opened on 10 November 1897, its original capacity was 2 × 65 kW, which was expanded to a total 1000 kW in 1916. Having reached the limit of the water supply, the equipment was replaced in 1931 for triple-phase transmission.


title: Sidrapong Hydel Power Station

text: The station uses water from the streams Kotwali, Hospital and Barbatia, moved through a network of flumes to reservoirs, then passed down penstocks to the generators.


title: Sidrapong Hydel Power Station

text: West Bengal State Electricity Board (WBSEB) took over operation of the station and Darjeeling Electric Supply in 1978. In the 1980s, the station was damaged due to a landslide and remained closed for a decade, but was re-opened in 1997.


title: Isthmus

text: An isthmus is a narrow strip of land, with water on either side, that connects two bigger landmasses. For example, the Isthmus of Panama connects the continents of The Americas. Separating two water bodies and joining two land bodies, an isthmus is the opposite of a strait.


title: Roman Forum

text: The Roman Forum is an area of the city of Rome which the ancient city developed around. It is the place where commerce, business, cult, and the administration of justice took place.


title: Roman Forum

text: It was for centuries the centre of Roman public life. It was the site of triumphal processions and elections; the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches. It was also the heart of commerce. Here statues and monuments mark the city's great men. It has been called the most celebrated meeting place in the world, and in all history.


title: Roman Forum

text: The Forum is in the small valley between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. Today it is a sprawling ruin of architectural fragments and excavations. It has 4.5 million sightseers each year.


title: Roman Forum

text: The Roman Forum is famous for the number of buildings and other ancient ruins that it contains. These include:


title: Zand dynasty

text: The Zand dynasty (Persian: سلسله زندیه), was an Iranian dynasty, that originated from Zand tribe of Lur origin.


title: Maillard reaction

text: The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, pan-fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, as well as many other foods, undergo this reaction.


title: Maillard reaction

text: The reactive carbonyl group of the sugar reacts with the nucleophilic amino group of the amino acid, and forms a complex mixture of poorly characterized molecules responsible for a range of aromas and flavors. At higher temperatures, caramelization and subsequently pyrolysis become more pronounced.


title: OneLove

text: OneLove is an anti discrimination human rights campaign that invites soccer players to wear rainbow colored armbands at the 2022 FIFA World Cup.


title: OneLove

text: Associations were warned players would be suspended for wearing OneLove armbands in Qatar. England, Wales, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands said together they would not do so.


title: BBC One

text: BBC One is a television channel in the United Kingdom. It was launched on 2 November 1936, and was the first television channel in the United Kingdom. The channel was Published by BBC. The channel shows lots of different programmes including famous ones such as "Only Fools and Horses" and "EastEnders". The Channel features a Wide Range Of Covers.


title: BBC One

text: BBC Television Service was the world's first regular public television service with a high level of image resolution.


title: BBC One

text: The channel was later renamed BBC TV until the launch of sister channel BBC Two in 1964. After that it was known as BBC1, but changed to the current spelling in 1997. The channel has an annual budget of £840 million, and makes an annual profit of £900 million. Along with the BBC's other UK television stations, it is funded completely by the television licence fee - this means it shows no adverts.


title: Djalma Santos

text: Djalma Pereira Dias dos Santos known simply as Djalma Santos (; also spelled Dejalma Santos), (27 February 192923 July 2013) was a Brazilian footballer who started for the Brazil national team in four World Cups, winning two, in 1958 and 1962. Santos is considered to be one of the greatest right-backs of all time. He was known for defensive skills and also displayed some impressive technical and attacking skills. He was also renowned as a set-piece taker. He is one of the only three players to be included into three FIFA All-Star Team (in 1954, 1958 and 1962) along with Franz Beckenbauer who was included (in 1966, 1970 and 1974) and Phillipp Lahm (in 2006, 2010 and 2014). He was known as a respected player and he was never sent off from the field.


title: Djalma Santos

text: Santos started his career with Portuguesa, the fourth biggest club in his home city. The club had one of the strongest teams in club history at the time, with players such as Brandãozinho, Simão, Julinho, Ipojucan and Pinga. In 1952 and 1955 he won the Torneio Rio-São Paulo with the club. After eleven years, he made the move to Palmeiras, for which he would play for nine years. With that club he won the Campeonato Paulista three times, the Torneio Rio-São Paulo once and became national champion three times. He ended his career with Atlético Paranaense from Curitiba, with which he won the Campeonato Paranaense in 1970.


title: Djalma Santos

text: He played his debut match for the national team against Peru on April 10, 1952, alongside Ademir, Didi and Nílton Santos. The match, which ended 0-0, was for the Pan American Football Championship, which Brazil would win.


title: Djalma Santos

text: Two years later he was in the squad for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He scored the 2-1 tie against Hungary from the spot in the quarterfinals against Hungary. In the second half, the match would escalate very violently, and after the defeat, the Brazilians even attacked the Hungarians in the dressing room. The match went down in history as the Battle of Bern.


title: Djalma Santos

text: At the 1958 World Cup, he had to wait until the final before he could play his first game. He ensured that Swedish left winger Lennart Skoglund was neutralized and Brazil won 5-2. Four years later, star player Pelé injured himself in the group stage, forcing Brazil to rely on defensive rather than offensive football. In addition to Garrincha and Pelé's replacement Amarildo, Djalma Santos was one of the strongholds of the team, which could extend the world title.


title: Djalma Santos

text: He was also present at the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England. However, the adventure already ended in the group stage.


title: Djalma Santos

text: In 1968, he played his last international match in the 2-0 win against Uruguay. Until July 3, 1998, he was the player with the most appearances for the Seleção with 98 games


title: Djalma Santos

text: After his active time he became a trainer of Panama. He later became the coach of the Brazilian football club EC Bahia, and in the mid-1980s he worked in Kuwait. He later taught at a football school in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.


title: Theodosia Okoh

text: Theodosia Salome Okoh (13 June 1922 — 19 April 2015) was a Ghanaian stateswoman, teacher and artist. She was known for designing Ghana's flag in 1957. She also played a leading role in the development of hockey in Ghana.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: The Americans with Disabilities Act (the ADA) is a law that was passed by the United States Congress in 1990. President George H. W. Bush signed the ADA, making it an official United States law, on July 26, 1990. Later, President George W. Bush amended (changed) the ADA and signed those changes into law. The changes started on January 1, 2009.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: The ADA is a detailed civil rights law whose goal is to protect people with disabilities from discrimination. Before the ADA, people with disabilities did not have many legal protections. In 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. This law made it illegal to discriminate against people because of their race, religion, gender, national origin (home country), and many other things. But people with disabilities were not included or protected under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The ADA gave the Civil Rights Act's protections - and some others - to people with disabilities.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: The ADA protects people with disabilities. The ADA says that a disability is a physical or mental problem that makes it very difficult to do at least one "major life activity." Major life activities are things like walking, breathing, learning, reading, communicating, seeing, hearing, thinking, and other very important tasks.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: The ADA does not include a complete list of all possible disabilities, but it does give some examples. As long as they make it very difficult to do at least one major life activity, examples of disabilities protected under the ADA include:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: The ADA also counts some other groups of people as "people with disabilities" to protect them from discrimination:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: The ADA lists some conditions that are not counted as disabilities. People with these conditions are not protected by the ADA. The goal of not including these people was to make sure the ADA's goal of protecting people with disabilities was not abused.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: The ADA has five sections, which are called "titles". Each title protects against a different kind of discrimination. The titles are numbered in Roman numerals: I (one), II (two), III (three), IV (four), and V (five).


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Not every employer has to follow the ADA's rules. Employers that are covered by the ADA, and have to follow the ADA's rules, are called "covered entities."


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Title I says that employers who are covered by the ADA cannot discriminate against a person with a disability, as long as that person is qualified (able) to do their job. Title I does "not" say that people with disabilities have to be hired for jobs that they are not qualified for.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: These employers do have to give "reasonable accommodations" to workers with disabilities if needed. An "accommodation" is a change in the way things are usually done. It is a change that a worker needs because of a disability, to help them do their job. If a worker with a disability needs reasonable accommodations to do their job, that does not mean they are not qualified to do their job. As long as the worker is able to do their job with the help of accommodations, they are qualified to do the job.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Some accommodations are very simple, like letting a worker have a glass of water at their desk so they can take medicines. Examples of other accommodations are:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: However, the accommodation must be "reasonable." An accommodation is not reasonable if it would be very difficult or very expensive. If an accommodation is not reasonable, the employer does not have to give it.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Usually, employers cannot ask workers or people applying for jobs whether they have a disability, or ask them to give details about their disability.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: If a person with a disability thinks their employer has discriminated against them, they can make a complaint to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The complaint has to be made within 180 days of when the discrimination happened. If the EEOC thinks discrimination has happened, they will send a letter that tells the person with the disability that they have the right to sue (file a lawsuit against) their employer. The person with the disability may then file a lawsuit in federal court.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: State and local governments have to give people with disabilities the same chances as people without disabilities to use all of their programs and services. If people with disabilities need reasonable accommodations to be able to participate in these programs, the state or local government has to make them.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: For example, people with disabilities must be allowed, just the same as people without disabilities, to:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: A special part of Title II covers public transportation. It protects people with disabilities from being discriminated against by public transportation. This includes city buses, subways, commuter trains, Amtrak, and all other transportation that the public can use.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Wherever there is a bus or train line that runs on a fixed route (it cannot make special stops), the government must provide "paratransit". Paratransit is a service for people with disabilities who cannot use the regular public transportation system. Paratransit (usually a car or bus) picks them up and drops them off where they need to go.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: If a person with a disability thinks that they have been discriminated against by a state or local government, they can complain to the United States Department of Justice. The complaint has to be made within 180 days of when the discrimination happened. A few different things might happen after the person files their complaint:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: A person with a disability can also file their own lawsuit in a federal court, saying that the state or local government discriminated against them. The person does not need to complain to the Department of Justice first, or have the Department of Justice tell them they have the right to sue.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Title III protects against discrimination by "public accommodations." Public accommodations are private organizations or people which own, lease, or run places meant for the public to use. Examples of public accommodations include:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: There are two types of places that are exempt from Title III, and do not have to follow its rules. These are:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: The rules for what is "accessible" are set out in the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessibility Design. Examples of these rules include:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Private companies that teach classes or give tests must make reasonable accommodations to make it possible for people with disabilities to take the classes or tests. Some examples of reasonable accommodations are:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: If a person with a disability thinks that they have been discriminated against by a public accommodation, they can complain to the United States Department of Justice. They can write a letter, fax a letter, or use an online form at http://www.ada.gov/filing_complaint.htm. A few different things might happen after the person files their complaint:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: If a person is unable to write, fax, or type a complaint because of a disability, the Department of Justice will make reasonable accommodations to help. The person can call the Department of Justice's ADA Information Line. The Information Line is answered by ADA Specialists. A person with a disability can explain their complaint, and the Specialist will write it down for them. If the person is deaf and uses American Sign Language, a Specialist can take their complaint by videophone (so they can see each other and sign back and forth to each other).


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: A person can also file their own lawsuit against the public accommodation, without needing the Department of Justice to say they have a "right to sue."


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Title IV of the ADA protects against discrimination by telecommunications companies in the U.S. (like phone companies).


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Title IV protects any person with a disability, but it focuses on people with speaking and hearing disabilities, because they have the most trouble talking by phone.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Title IV says that all telecommunications companies in the United States have to make sure that people with disabilities have equal access to telecommunication. This means that they have to provide telecommunication services that are just as good as what people without disabilities get. For example, they have to:


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Relay services have changed a lot since 1990. At first, the most common relay services were teletypewriter (TTY) and Telecommunications for the Deaf (TDD) devices. These were like phones with typewriters attached. Two people with TDDs could type back and forth to each other. Or, if a person with a disability wanted to call a regular phone (like a pizza restaurant), they could type into the phone, an operator would read the message out loud to the pizza restaurant, listen to the restaurant's answer and type it back to the person with a disability.


title: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

text: Title IV also led every state in the U.S. to create Telecommunications Relay Services (TRS), such as STS relay. STS stands for Speech-to-Speech. It was created for people who have speaking problems. STS relay operators listen to what the person is saying and repeats it in a clear voice to make it easier for the other person to understand. Today, many calls that use TRS are made over the Internet by consumers who use broadband connections. Some are Video Relay Service (VRS) calls, while others are text calls. Either way, communication assistants translate between the signed or typed words of a consumer and the spoken words of others. In 2006, according to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), VRS calls averaged two million minutes a month.


title: Dick Clark

text: Dick Clark (November 30, 1929 — April 18, 2012) was an American television entertainer. He was nicknamed "the world's oldest teenager". From the 1950s to the 2000s, he entertained people from around the United States, as well as the rest of the world. He also hosted game shows, including "The $100,000 Pyramid". His other shows included "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest". Clark died on the morning of April 18, 2012 in Santa Monica, California from a heart attack.


title: Gilles de Rais

text: Gilles de Rais (1405 ?–26 October 1440) was a Marshal of France, Joan of Arc's comrade in arms, and a murderer. He was the son of Guy de Laval/Rais and Marie de Craon. He became rich when a relative died. He was made a Marshal of France in 1429. He spent much of his money putting on a play that he wrote. He dabbled in alchemy. His criminal career began in 1434. In 1440, he was arrested, tried, and hanged. De Rais may have killed 140 people. Most of his victims were young boys. He may have been the inspiration for the 1697 fairy tale "Bluebeard" by Charles Perrault.


title: Port Louis

text: Port Louis is the capital city of the African country of Mauritius. The city is a port on the Indian Ocean. It is the largest city and main port of the country. Port Louis is located in the Port Louis District. The city has a population of 147,688 people.


title: Port Louis

text: Port Louis was founded by the French around 1735. It was used as a place to supply food for their ships travelling around the Cape of Good Hope. The city was named in honour of King Louis XV. The first Governor was Count Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais.


title: Port Louis

text: Port Louis has many historic and colonial buildings. One of them is a fortification named Fort Adelaide or La Citadelle. It was built by the British in 1835. Most of the city's architecture can be seen from La Citadelle. Port Louis is surrounded by a mountain range, called the Port Louis Moka Range. Other famous spots are the Police Barracks known as Les Casernes and the Port Louis Waterfront.


title: Port Louis

text: Other things to see in the city include the Caudan Waterfront, Port Louis Bazaar, the Mauritian Chinatown and the old Port Louis theatre. The capital has also three museums which are: the Mauritius Natural History Museum, the Blue Penny Museum and the Mauritius Stamp Museum.


title: Port Louis

text: The main part of the economy of Port Louis is its port. The port handles all of the international trade for the country. Clothing and textiles are the major things manufactured in the city. Chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals are made there, and tourism is also important.


title: Port Louis

text: Port Louis is the second most important financial center in Africa after Johannesburg. It is the city with the highest per capita income in Africa.


title: Port Louis

text: The population of the city is now largely made up of the descendants of people who were hired for labor from India in the 19th century. Slaves were brought to the country by the British and French who colonized the island in the 18th century. After the end of slavery in 1835, many Indian and Chinese workers were brought to work the land, and take care of sugar cane, at that time used to make rum.


title: Port Louis

text: More than 75 percent of the population are Indians. The rest come from Africa, while a small number have Chinese and Eurasian ancestry.


title: Pope Pius XII

text: Pope Pius XII (; ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 – October 9, 1958), was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 261st Pope from 1939 to 1958.


title: Pope Pius XII

text: Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome, Italy. He studied at the Capranica Seminary and the Pontifical Gregorian University. In 1895, he earned a degree in Theology.


title: Pope Pius XII

text: Pacelli was ordained as a priest on 2 April 1899. In 1904, he was raised to the rank of Monsignor. He worked at the Office of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs.


title: Nicolae Ceaușescu

text: Nicolae Ceauşescu (; 26 January 1918 – 25 December 1989) was the President of Romania from 1965 until 1989. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989 he was deposed, tried and publicly executed by a firing squad along with his wife Elena Ceaușescu. He had been the only Communist dictator of Eastern Europe who had been charged for crimes against humanity and genocide during the revolutions of 1989. As of 2021, his execution was the last one on Romanian soil. He joined the Romanian Armed Forces in 1950 just before Soviet-Leader (Ioseb Besarionis dzе Jughashvili) Joseph Stalin died in 1953 during the Korean War from 1950-1953 during the Cold War from 1947-1991 just 5 year’s after World War 2 in Europe and the Pacific War in Asia ended in 1945 after Nazi Germany,Italy,Hungary,Romania,Bulgaria and the Empire of Japan were defeated by Britain, France,the United States Of America and the Soviet Union the Eastern Bloc was formed in 1947 by Joseph Stalin by turning the east of Germany,Poland,Czechoslovakia,Hungary,Romania,Bulgaria and Northern Korea into Communist States in Eastern Europe as East Germany,the Polish People's Republic,the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic,the Hungarian People’s Republic ,the Socialist Republic of Romania,and the People's Republic of Bulgaria and finally North Korea in North East Asia . He joined the Romanian Communist Party in 1950 and became leader in 1965 led by former KGB Officer Leonid Brezhnev until his death in 1982 . Nicolae Ceausescu died in 1989 during the Romanian Revolution of 1989 led by Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev until 1991 when the Eastern Bloc and Soviet Union collapsed .


title: Loiret

text: Loiret is a department in north-central France in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It is named after the Loiret river, a tributary of Loire that is completely within the department.


title: Loiret

text: The department is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. The department was created from part of the former province of Orléanais.


title: Loiret

text: The new department had seven districts: Orléans, Beaugency, Neuville, Pithiviers, Montargis, Gien and Boiscommun. The capital (now prefecture) was Orléans.


title: Loiret

text: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Orléans, Gien, Montargis and Pithiviers.


title: Loiret

text: After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Bavarian army from June 1815 to November 1818.


title: Loiret

text: On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Gien and Pithiviers were eliminated but in 1942 Pithiviers became again an "arrondissement" of the department.


title: Loiret

text: The highest point of the department is in the place called "Col des Étourneaux" (), in the "commune" of Pierrefitte-ès-Bois, and that is above sea level; it is in northwestern Massif Central.


title: Loiret

text: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Orléans is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb.


title: Loiret

text: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Orléans is . The month with the most precipitation on average is August with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March with an average of .


title: Loiret

text: The average temperature for the year in Orléans is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .


title: Loiret

text: The department is managed by the "Departmental Council of the Loiret" in Orléans. Loiret is part of the region of Centre-Val de Loire.


title: Loiret

text: There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 21 "cantons" and 326 "communes" (municipalities) in Loiret.


title: Loiret

text: The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Loir-et-Cher department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Loiret

text: Loiret has a population, in 2014, of 669,737, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Orléans, with 435,676 inhabitants, is by far the largest.


title: Eure

text: Eure is a department found in the northwest of France in the Normandy region. Its prefecture is Évreux. Eure has a population of about 557,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.


title: Yitzhak Rabin

text: Yitzhak Rabin (March 1, 1922 – November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician and general. He was born in Jerusalem. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel from 1974 until 1977 and again from 1992 until his assassination in 1995 by Yigal Amir, a right-wing extremist who had strongly opposed Rabin's signing of the Oslo Accords and to peace with Palestine. He was the first local-born Prime Minister of Israel, the only Israeli Prime Minister to be killed and the second to die in office (following Levi Eshkol).


title: Yitzhak Rabin

text: Yitzhak Rabin was one of the three recipients of the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. The others were Yasser Arafat and Shimon Peres. All three got the prizes for trying to make peace in the Middle East.


title: Yitzhak Rabin

text: He was shot dead in Tel Aviv on November 4, 1995. He was buried Helkat Gdolei Ha'uma in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.


title: Beekeeping

text: The keeping of bees is usually, and has been in the past, for honey. That is becoming less true. Instead, it is more used for crop pollination and other products. These are wax and propolis.


title: Beekeeping

text: There is only one queen bee in each hive and she is bigger than the rest. She lays all the eggs, which makes all the other bees in the hive her daughters and sons. However, they do not control the hive.


title: Beekeeping

text: The largest beekeeping operations are agricultural businesses that are operated for profit. Some people also have small beekeeping operations that they do as a hobby. Urban beekeeping is a growing trend, and some have found that "city bees" are actually healthier than "rural bees" because there are fewer pesticides and greater biodiversity.


title: Juan Perón

text: Juan Domingo Perón (October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine general and politician. He was born in Buenos Aires. He served as President of Argentina from 1946 to 1955, ruling with Eva and again from 1973 to 1974 with his wife Isabel, who was his vice president. In Argentina, he and his second wife Eva or Evita are considered icons by many people, especially members of Peronist party, which he started and is still popular today. He was elected in 1946. In 1955 he was overthrown and force to leave the country. In 1973, he returned and ran for President again with his third wife Isabel as Vice-President and was elected. He died in Buenos Aires less than a year after being elected. His widow, Isabel took his place, which made the first woman to be the head of a country's government in the Western hemisphere.


title: Juan Perón

text: He was very popular among the working class because he was the first politician in a long time to care about the Argentine people. He required businesses to pay decent wages and safe conditions. He also did other social reforms, but also was pretty controlling. He controlled what could be said over the radio and sent people opposing him to jail. He also controlled unions and businesses, so although they had power, the government had last word.


title: Brown dwarf

text: A brown dwarf is an object which is made of the same things as stars, but does not have enough mass for hydrogen fusion (the combining of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms). Nuclear fusion is what makes stars glow. Brown dwarfs are not massive enough to do this, so they are not regular stars. On the other hand, they are not regular giant planets, because they do glow. They are thought to be many but few have been found because their absolute magnitude is small.


title: Brown dwarf

text: Their mass is between the heaviest gas giants and the lightest stars, with an upper limit around 75 to 80 times the mass of Jupiter ("M"). Brown dwarfs more massive than 13 "M" are thought to fuse deuterium and those above ~65 "M", fuse lithium as well.


title: Brown dwarf

text: The nearest known brown dwarf is WISE 1049-5319 about 6.5 light years away, a binary system of brown dwarves discovered in 2013.


title: Brown dwarf

text: What became known as brown dwarfs were talked about in the 1960s. Alternative names for brown dwarfs were proposed, including planetar and substar. They remained hypothetical for decades.


title: Brown dwarf

text: Early theories suggested that an object less than 0.09 solar masses would never go through normal stellar evolution. The discovery of deuterium-burning down to 0.012 solar masses and the impact of dust formation in the cool outer atmospheres of brown dwarfs in the late 1980s brought these theories into question. However, such objects were hard to find because they emit almost no visible light. Their strongest emissions are in the infrared (IR) spectrum, and ground-based IR detectors were too imprecise at that time to readily identify any brown dwarfs.


title: Brown dwarf

text: For many years, efforts to discover brown dwarves were fruitless. In 1988, however, GD 165B was discovered, showing none of the features expected of a low-mass red dwarf star. Today, GD 165B is recognized as the prototype of a class of objects now called "L dwarfs". Although the discovery of the coolest dwarf was highly significant at the time, it was debated whether GD 165B would be classified as a brown dwarf or simply a very-low-mass star, because observationally it is very difficult to distinguish between the two.


title: Brown dwarf

text: Soon after the discovery of GD 165B, other brown-dwarf candidates were reported. Most failed to live up to their candidacy, however, because the absence of lithium showed them to be stellar objects. True stars will burn their lithium within a little over 100 million years (my), whereas brown dwarfs will not. Confusingly, brown dwarves have temperatures and luminosities similar to some true stars. In other words, the detection of lithium in the atmosphere of an object means that, if it is older than 100 my, it is a brown dwarf.


title: Brown dwarf

text: In 1994/5 the study of brown dwarfs changed with the discovery of two definite substellar objects (Teide 1 and Gliese 229B).


title: Brown dwarf

text: The first confirmed brown dwarf was discovered in 1994. They called this object Teide 1 and it was found in the Pleiades open cluster. "Nature" highlighted "Brown dwarfs discovered, official" in the front page of that issue. The distance, chemical composition, and age of Teide 1 was established because it is in the young Pleiades star cluster. Teide 1's mass is 55 times that of Jupiter, and clearly below the stellar-mass limit.


title: Brown dwarf

text: More notable was Gliese 229B, which was found to have a temperature and luminosity well below the stellar range. Remarkably, its near-infrared spectrum clearly exhibited a methane absorption band at 2 micrometres, a feature that had previously only been observed in the atmospheres of giant planets and that of Saturn's moon Titan. This discovery helped to establish yet another spectral class even cooler than L dwarfs, known as "T dwarfs", for which Gliese 229B is the prototype.


title: Brown dwarf

text: A brown dwarf below 65 Jupiter masses is unable to burn lithium by thermonuclear fusion at any time during its evolution. High-quality spectral data showed that Teide 1 had kept the initial lithium amount of the original molecular cloud from which Pleiades stars formed. This proved the lack of thermonuclear fusion in its core.


title: Brown dwarf

text: Teide 1 was considered for some time the smallest object out of the Solar System that had been identified by direct observation. Since then over 1800 brown dwarfs have been identified. Some are very close to Earth such as Epsilon Indi Ba and Bb, a pair of brown dwarfs gravitationally bound to a sunlike star around 12 light-years from the Sun, and WISE 1049-5319 a binary system of brown dwarfs about 6.5 light-years away.


title: Brown dwarf

text: For some years now there has been debate concerning what criterion to use for defining the separation between a very-low-mass brown dwarf and a giant planet (~13 Jupiter masses). One school of thought is based on formation, and another on interior physics.


title: Walter Benjamin

text: Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (; 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and translator.


title: Walter Benjamin

text: He worked in many subjects such as German idealism, Romanticism, historical materialism, and Jewish mysticism. He helped aesthetic theory and Western Marxism grow.


title: Walter Benjamin

text: Benjamin committed suicide by taking an overdose of morphine in Portbou at the French–Spanish border while attempting to escape from the Nazis at the age of 48.


title: Cumulonimbus cloud

text: Cumulonimbus (Cb) is a type of cloud that is tall, dense, and involved in thunderstorms and other intense weather. When seen in a storm, it may be called "thunderhead". The clouds can form alone, in clusters, or along a cold front in a squall line, a line of strong winds. Cumulonimbus clouds form from cumulus clouds (namely from cumulus congestus cloud) and can further develop to a supercell, a severe thunderstorm with special features. Cumulonimbus clouds are the source of most tornadoes.


title: Bovinae

text: Bovinae is a subfamily of the even-toed ungulate family Bovidae. About 26 species of bovines belong to this subfamily.


title: Bovinae

text: The four genera "Tetracerus", "Boselaphus", "Tragelaphus" and "Taurotragus" are sometimes put into their own subfamily "Tragelaphinae", and sometimes with the bovines.


title: Tarot

text: The Tarot (often Tarot cards) are a set of seventy-eight cards, comprising twenty-two Тrump cards, and four suits of fourteen cards each with four Face cards. In the English speaking world, Tarot cards are mostly used for divination. Tarot cards are also used in many European countries for playing trick taking card games. Cartomancy is to use Tarot cards for divination.


title: Tarot

text: Tarot decks did not come before decks having four suits of the same length. They were invented not for occult purposes but purely for gaming. In 1781, Court de Gébelin published an essay associating the cards with ancient wisdom. This idea was later disproved by Dummett. Tarot cards have been used for cartomancy and divination as well as gaming. Nowadays fortune-tellers tend to use specially-developed tarot decks rather than those used for games. Not just the cards but now there are several websites available online where people go to get their answers. They simply put the data on the lucky wheel and it starts spinning. When it stops, the people know what's written in the cards for them.


title: Stonefly

text: The Stonefly or Plecoptera are an order of aquatic insects. There are some 3,500 described species worldwide, and new ones are still being discovered. Although stoneflies are found worldwide, they are absent from Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera. Their close relatives are identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods. True stoneflies, known from fossils, are only a little younger. The larva have claws on their legs. This allows them to better hang on to things in their environment and withstand stronger current. They need fast moving water in streams and rivers to survive. They cannot tolerate the low oxygen saturation found in warm water. They usually live in cold clean streams with a lot of turbulence (such as rapids). The adult stoneflies are easily identified by their wings that fold over their abdomen. The "pteronarcys" Stoneflies, found only in North American waters, live for several years.


title: Gothic Revival architecture

text: Gothic Revival architecture is architecture that has been made to look as if it is from medieval times, but is really much later. This architectural style began in the late 1740s in England. Its momentum grew in the early 19th century. Serious and learned admirers of neo-Gothic styles sought to revive medieval Gothic architecture.


title: Gothic Revival architecture

text: The Gothic style of architecture was built in Europe between about 1140 and about 1550. Beginning in late 18th century Europe, through the 19th century and into the early 20th century in Europe and elsewhere there was a fashion to build in the Gothic style. In this period architects and their patrons had various different styles to choose from. There were also revivals of Classical and Renaissance styles. Since medieval Gothic buildings vary so much, some architects often copied selectively from medieval buildings and some adapted the style to the needs of their own period. The "Gothic Revival" style was most commonly used for churches, cathedrals, universities, town halls and sometimes houses.


title: Hercules (1997 movie)

text: Hercules is a 1997 American-Greek animated musical fantasy comedy movie based on the legendary Greek mythology hero Heracles (known in the movie by his Roman name, Hercules), the son of Zeus in Greek mythology. The movie was directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, and was produced by The Walt Disney Company. It is the 35th animated movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.


title: Hercules (1997 movie)

text: "Go the Distance" was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. It lost both to Celine Dion's hit "My Heart Will Go On" from "Titanic".


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting and attempted bombing at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, near Denver, that happened on April 20, 1999. Eighteen-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold carried out the massacre and were both students at the school. They murdered 12 students and one teacher using guns. Ten of the murders happened in the school's library, where they then killed themselves with their guns. Before the shootings, they had planted two large propane bombs in the school's cafeteria. They could have killed many people in there, but they did not explode. They also planted two car bombs in the school's parking lot, which were supposed to kill first responders and news reporters. They also did not explode. They also carried pipe bombs and molotov cocktails, which they lit and threw. Most of them exploded but nobody was injured or killed by any of the bombs used during the massacre.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: It was one of the first well-known massacres at a school in the United States, and the one with the most deaths until the Virginia Tech massacre in 2007.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: After the shooting, many people wanted to know why it had happened. Many people thought that Klebold and Harris had done it because they were bullied, and schools in the United States began talking about how to stop bullying. However, it is now thought that Klebold and Harris were bullies themselves. Other people blamed parts of the media, saying that the lyrics of bands and singers like Marilyn Manson and violent video games that the shooters played might have caused it.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: In 2002, filmmaker Michael Moore released a documentary movie called "Bowling for Columbine" that was about why the shooting happened and about the role guns have in American culture. In the movie, Moore interviewed Marilyn Manson.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: Many impromptu memorials were created after the shooting. Memorials included victims Rachel Scott's car and John Tomlin's truck.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: In 2000, youth advocate Melissa Helmbrecht organized a remembrance event in Denver. It featured two surviving students. It was called "A Call to Hope." The library (where most of the shooting happened) was removed and replaced with an atrium. In 2001, a new library, the HOPE memorial library, was built next to the west entrance.


title: Columbine High School massacre

text: On February 26, 2004, thousands of pieces of evidence from the shooting were shown at the Jeffco fairgrounds in Golden.


title: Sam Neill

text: Nigel James Dermot "Sam" Neill (born 14 September 1947 in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland) is a New Zealand actor. He has been in lots of movies. Neill has been in "Jurassic Park", "Dead Calm", "Event Horizon", "Sirens" and lots of other very famous movies. In recent years, he appeared in "" (2017) and "Peter Rabbit" (2018).


title: Sam Neill

text: Neill was born on 14 September 1947 in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland to a New Zealander father and English mother. He moved to New Zealand in 1954. He studied at Christ's College, Canterbury and at University of Canterbury. Neill was married to Lisa Harrow until they divorced in 1989. Then he was married to Noriko Watanabe. He has two children. Neill has New Zealand and Irish citizenships.


title: Personal name

text: A personal name is the label which identifies an individual person. It is a proper name; and it is usually made up of a given name plus a surname.


title: Susan Wojcicki

text: Susan Diane Wojcicki (born July 5, 1968) is an American-Polish business executive who is the CEO of YouTube. She has been in the tech industry for over 20 years.


title: Objective-C

text: Objective-C is an object-oriented programming language used to make computer programs for macOS and iOS devices.


title: Objective-C

text: Objective-C was created in the early 1980s by two programmers named Brad Cox and Tom Love. However, it didn't become popular until it was bought by NeXT in 1988 for their NeXTSTEP operating system. After NeXT was bought by Apple in 1996, it became the main programming language for Mac OS X and later the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. In recent years, Swift has been more popular than Objective-C.


title: Objective-C

text: Objective-C is a strict superset of C, meaning that any code that can be written in C can be used in Objective-C programs without changing it. However, it adds some features of its own that can't be used in a traditional C program.


title: Objective-C

text: In Objective-C, functions are called using messages, a feature inspired by the SmallTalk programming language. Messages look like "blocks" of code similar to the one shown below:


title: Objective-C

text: Unlike other programming languages such as C and [[Java (programming language)|Java]], Objective-C "classes" are divided into two separate parts:


title: Objective-C

text: Usually, these are put in two different files, with the interface using the ".h" extension and the implementation using the ".m" extension.


title: Objective-C

text: Objective-C 2.0 is an improved version of Objective-C. It adds many features, such as garbage collection (automatic memory management), fast enumeration and properties (the automatic generation of variable methods).


title: IPod touch

text: The iPod touch is a media player created and sold by Apple Inc. The public first saw it at an Apple meeting called "The Beat Goes On" on September 5, 2007. The iPod touch was famous for its touch screen. It has internet access with YouTube and the iTunes store. Apple sold it with either 8 GB, 16 GB, 32 GB, or 64 GB of storage.


title: Auferstanden aus Ruinen

text: "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" () (German for "Risen from Ruins") was the national anthem of East Germany.


title: IPod touch

text: The iPod touch can see the last ten songs played in a Starbucks café through Wi-Fi within the location of the iPod. The user can download tracks from the online iTunes music store with an iPod touch. This feature is to be offered in some Starbucks stores in the US. Right now, there are no plans to expand its Wi-Fi iTunes stores in any other country than the United States.


title: Auferstanden aus Ruinen

text: In 1949, the Soviet occupation zone of Allied Occupied Germany became a country that was called East Germany. For the anthem, the poet Johannes R. Becher wrote the lyrics. The composer Hanns Eisler wrote the melody.


title: IPod touch

text: The iPod touch's touchscreen ability is the same as the iPhone's. Like the iPhone, the iPod touch also has a physical home button separate from the touch screen. The home screen includes a headphone set, an alarm clock and also a list of buttons corresponding to the available applications: Music, Videos, Photos, and iTunes on the bottom button row. Safari, Calendar, Contacts, Clock, Calculator, and Settings are at the top. The iPod touch is also sold with 28 wallpaper photos, some of which are figures from the iPod advertisements.


title: IPod touch

text: As of September 9, 2014, when iPod Classic was discontinued, iPod Shuffle, iPod Nano and iPod Touch were the only ones still manufactured. The iPod touch is the only remaining iPod still being manufactured as of July 27, 2017, when the iPod nano and iPod shuffle were discontinued. Apple concluded the iPod touch on May 10, 2022. However, the iPod touch was still available at Apple's online store while supplies lasted.


title: IPod touch

text: Before October 12, 2011, when the iPod touch is taken out of the box for the first time, it needs to be connected to a computer for it to start. When it's first turned on, iTunes must be installed on either a macOS or Microsoft Windows operating system computer for programming the iPod touch. On either operating system, the iPod touch needs a USB 2.0 port on the computer to connect. When the iPod is first turned on it needs data communications with iTunes, and will always show the "cable to iTunes" picture until it senses iTunes.


title: IPod touch

text: However, after October 12, 2011, new iPods that were bought will have iOS 5 installed and that means users can set up the iPod wirelessly, without connecting it to a computer. It also means that users do not have to connect their iPod to a computer in order to sync and back up data. All of this will be done through Apple's iCloud service.


title: IPod touch

text: The iPod touch is included with Wi-Fi 802.11b/g, and, like the iPhone, has the Safari web browser and YouTube. The iPod's Wi-Fi ability can also be used to buy music from the iTunes Store.


title: IPod touch

text: On October 17, 2007, Steve Jobs, gave an open letter posted on Apple's webpage, announced that a software development kit (SDK) for the iPhone would be made ready to third-party developers in February 2008. Because of security concerns and Jobs' praise of Nokia's digital signature system, it is also suggested that Apple will adopt a similar method. The SDK will also apply to the iPod touch. However, end-users have still been able to "jailbreak" the iPod touch in similar methods to the iPhone, allowing the usage of third-party applications created by users. The most popular iPod touch jailbreak method is a website which takes advantage of a TIFF exploit in the iPod touch's web browser to execute the code in order to install the hacks. The site also patches the exploit as well. This method only worked on the 1.1.1 firmware, as 1.1.2 fixed the exploit needed for the installer to work.


title: IPod touch

text: During the initial launch of the iPod touch, reviews noted some differences compared to Apple's similar iPhone. One of the primary criticisms of the iPod touch is the absence of the iPhone's email, mapping and stock tracking applications. On January 15, 2008, Steve Jobs announced at his Macworld 2008 keynote that the "January Software Upgrade" for the iPod touch consisted of five new applications: Mail, Maps, Stocks, Notes and Weather. The new Maps feature is similar to that of the iPhone, with new software from Skyhook Wireless that pinpoints the user's location using Wi-Fi. The software upgrade is available for current iPod touch owners via iTunes download for US$19.99.[1] New iPod touch units with 1.1.3 installed (MA623LL/B or MA627LL/B) will also have the software upgrade pre-installed.[2]Customers who purchase an iPod touch with part number MA623LL/A or MA627LL/A must pay the upgrade fee to receive the new applications.


title: IPod touch

text: The first reviews of the iPod touch have cited some differences compared to Apple's similar iPhone. One of the biggest criticisms of the iPod touch was that it did not have the iPhone's email, mapping and stock tracking applications. Another complaint mentioned that the iPod touch had no physical buttons for volume control - a feature that the iPhone had. The iPod touch instead used software-based controls, which makes users to double click the home button, bringing up an on-screen volume control. The iPod touch also did not have the iPhone's external speakers, built-in camera, and Bluetooth capability, but the 2nd generation onward has external speakers and the Bluetooth capability. The fourth generation, released in September 2010, was the first iPod touch to feature the retina display and two built-in cameras for FaceTime and for videos and still photos. At least one critic has suggested that Apple may have left out these applications and hardware features on purpose in order to differentiate the iPod touch from its more expensive cousin, the iPhone. Others say that the touch does not need the applications mentioned above because it's an "iPod" and not a mobile phone. However, the 2009 model of the iPod touch does feature Bluetooth, but only to link with bluetooth headphones.


title: IPod touch

text: By now, the 5th-generation iPod touch mostly has the same functions as the iPhone, but is not quite as powerful, uses an inferior camera, lacks a built-in GPS, and lacks cell phone capabilities. However, it is cheaper than the iPhone, and also thinner, making it more portable.


title: IPod touch

text: A number of early iPod touch users have complained that their iPod's screen could not properly display shades of black. The problem has been related to the bad reflective coating on the LCD display and bad quality control. The defect caused the screen to have very narrow optimal viewing angle (hard to look at the screen from the side) and also resulted in "shimmering" blacks. This screen problem was later fixed with the firmware update 1.1.1 although some still complained that the screen still could not properly display certain shades of black. Critics also say that the update simply "alleviates" the screen problem by adjusting contrast settings and does not provide a fix for the screen itself.


title: Chlorella

text: Chlorella is a genus of single-cell green algae. It is in the division Chlorophyta. It is microscopic in size and round in shape.


title: Chlorella

text: "Chlorella" has in its body two green color substances: "chlorophyll-a" and "chlorophyll b." It uses photosynthesis, similar to plants which also have chlorophyll. It multiplies rapidly, needing only carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and a small amount of minerals to reproduce.


title: Chlorella

text: Many people believe "Chlorella" can serve as a possible source of food and energy. This is because its photosynthesis process can, in theory, reach 8% efficiency. This is even better than that of other highly efficient crops such as sugar cane, which are already being used for food and energy.


title: Chlorella

text: In 1961, Melvin Calvin of the University of California received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on the pathways of carbon dioxide assimilation using "Chlorella".


title: Chlorella

text: Chlorella reproduce asexually by aplanospores. A single chlorellon cell produces at least 16 non-motile aplanospores and each one of them matures into an individual unicellular alga (chlorellon) under favourable conditions. There are no any reports of sexual reproduction in Chlorella.


title: William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland

text: William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, (14 April 1738 – 30 October 1809) was a British Whig and Tory statesman and twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. After his first time as prime minister, the kingdom of Ireland joined Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In the new Parliament of the United Kingdom, he again became prime minister in 1807.


title: Ray Kurzweil

text: Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (born February 12, 1948 in Queens, New York City) is an American author, entrepreneur, inventor, and futurist.