title: Ohana

text: "Ohana" is also one of the main ideas of the Disney animated movie Lilo & Stitch. ("Ohana "means family, and family means nobody gets left behind. Or forgotten."") The director of the movie, Dean DeBlois, says the movie's makers learned about this from their tour guide when they went to Hawaii to get ideas for the movie. He said that everywhere they went, the guide seemed to know people, and that he explained about "ohana" to them. They liked the idea so much that it became one of the main ideas for the story, the one thing that changes the character of Stitch, even though he was created to destroy.


title: Ohana

text: "Ohana API" is a US website with the goal of extending the concept of "Ohana" to the larger context of the US as a whole. This is relevant and important because Hawaii and the Hawaiian culture is an integral part of the cultural diversity and interconnection that exists and is a very unique and cherished part and benefit of the great and expanding intermingled cultures that embody the United States of America.


title: Starch

text: Starch is a complex carbohydrate. It is made of many glucose units joined by chemical bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as an energy store. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets. Pasta, potatoes, bread, and other starchy foods are made out of carbohydrates.


title: Starch

text: Some good food sources of starch are cereals, bread, potatoes, grains, peas, and beans. Starch is also used for thickening sauces in cooking and thickening cold foods during a preheat. Starch is a white powder that is tasteless and odourless. Corn starch or cornflour is known as a popular kind of starch made from corn.


title: Starch

text: Foods with a lot of starch produce more energy than other foods. However, if this energy is not used, it is turned into fat by the liver through de novo lipogenesis.


title: Starch

text: There are also different kinds of starch, like laundry starch, which gives clothing a smooth and crisp feel. Sweat and dirt from a person’s wrist and neck will stick to the starch on the clothes, not to the fibers of the clothes, and will wash away along with the starch. Then, after each laundry load, the starch can be used again.


title: Starch

text: Starch glues are used in wood, cotton, and bonding of paper. Animals and humans have amylase, so they can digest starch.


title: Starch

text: Starch was used in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries to stiffen the collars and ruffs of the fine linen which surrounded the neck. Starch also requires heat to thicken. The actual temperature depends on the type of starch.


title: Sumatra

text: Sumatra, known also as "Sumatera", is the sixth largest island in the world. It is in western Indonesia. It is to the west of the Sunda Islands, and is bordered by the Indian Ocean. Sumatra contains the provinces of Daerah Istimewa Aceh, Riau, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung Islands, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, North Sumatra, South Sumatra, and West Sumatra. Sumatra has an area of about 443,066 km². It is about long, and wide, at its widest point. In 2010, about 50 million people lived on Sumatra.


title: George I of Greece

text: George I (, "Geórgios I"; born Prince William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; ; 24 December 1845 – 18 March 1913) was King of Greece from 1863 until his assassination in 1913.


title: George I of Greece

text: George's reign of almost 50 years (the longest in modern Greek history) was characterized by territorial gains as Greece established its place in pre-World War I Europe. He is the grandfather of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.


title: George I of Greece

text: While out on an afternoon walk near the White Tower on 18 March 1913, he was shot at close range in the back by Alexandros Schinas, who was "said to belong to a Socialist organization" and "declared when arrested that he had killed the King because he refused to give him money". George died instantly, the bullet having penetrated his heart.


title: Dixie Dean

text: Dixie Dean (William Ralph Dean, 22 January 1907 – 1 March 1980) was an English football player. He played for Everton FC during the 1920s and 30s.


title: Dixie Dean

text: Dean was born in Birkenhead in Merseyside. He began his career at his hometown club Tranmere Rovers before moving on to Everton. He was particularly known for scoring goals with his head. Dean played most of his career at Everton. When injuries caught up with him, he moved on to Notts County.


title: Dixie Dean

text: Dean is best known for his exploits during the 1927–28 season. He scored a record 60 league goals that season, when the English first division was by far the strongest football league in the world. He also scored 18 goals in 16 appearances for England. There were fewer international games in those days.


title: Dixie Dean

text: A statue of Dean was unveiled outside Goodison Park in 2001. A year later, he became one of the first 22 players inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame. Dean was the first Everton player to wear the number 9 shirt, and is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time.


title: Orchid (color)

text: In 1987, orchid was included as one of the X11 colors. After the invention of the world wide web in 1991, these became known as the X11 web colors.


title: Orchid (color)

text: The name comes from the flowers of some species of the vast orchid family (Orchidaceae), such as "Laelia furfuracea" and "Ascocentrum pusillum", which have petals of this color.


title: Orchid (color)

text: The word "Orchid" derives from the Greek word "orchis" which means testicle, after the appearance of the roots of plants of the genus "Orchis".


title: Black Adam (movie)

text: Black Adam is a 2022 American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is produced by DC Films, New Line Cinema, Seven Bucks Productions, and FlynnPictureCo., and set for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by Adam Sztykiel and Rory Haines & Sohrab Noshirvani.


title: Black Adam (movie)

text: The movie is a spin-off from "Shazam!" (2019) and the eleventh movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The movie stars Dwayne Johnson as Teth-Adam / Black Adam alongside Noah Centineo, Aldis Hodge, Sarah Shahi, Quintessa Swindell, and Pierce Brosnan.


title: Black Adam (movie)

text: In 2600 BC, the tyrannical king of Kahndaq, Ahk-Ton, creates the Crown of Sabbac, which gives the wearer great power. After attempting to stage a revolt, a young slave boy is given the powers of Shazam by the Council of Wizards, transforming him into Kahndaq's heroic champion, who kills Ahk-Ton and ends his reign.


title: Black Adam (movie)

text: In the present day, Kahndaq is oppressed by the Intergang. Archaeologist and resistance fighter Adrianna Tomaz tries to locate the Crown of Sabbac with the help of her brother Karim and their colleagues Samir and Ishmael. As Adrianna obtains the crown, Intergang ambushes them, and Samir is killed. Adrianna reads an incantation that awakens Teth-Adam, whom she believes to be Kahndaq's champion, from a slumber. Adam slaughters most of the Intergang troops. US government official Amanda Waller deems Adam a threat and contacts the Justice Society—Hawkman, Doctor Fate, Cyclone, and Atom Smasher—to take him into custody. The Justice Society arrives in time to stop Adam from causing further destruction to Kahndaq and Intergang's troops, before explaining to Adrianna that Adam was not a savior who was entombed, but a madman who was imprisoned.


title: Black Adam (movie)

text: Ishmael reveals himself as the leader of Intergang in Kahndaq and chases Adrianna's teenage son Amon, who has stolen the crown. Adam, Adrianna, and the Justice Society intend to use the crown to trade for Amon. They reach Ishmael, who reveals that he is the last descendant of King Ahk-Ton and, wanting his rightful place on the throne, demands the crown, which Adrianna willingly gives to save Amon's life. Ishmael betrays his part of the deal and shoots at Amon, and Adam, trying to save Amon, loses control and destroys the hideout with his power, killing Ishmael and wounding Amon. Guilt-ridden, Adam flees to the ruins of Ahk-Ton's palace, where he reveals to Hawkman that the legends of Kahndaq's champion were told incorrectly; it was Adam's son Hurut who was granted the powers of Shazam and became Kahndaq's champion. Knowing that Hurut was invincible, Ahk-Ton's assassins were instructed to execute Hurut's family, including Adam and Hurut's mother. Hurut gave Adam his powers to save his life, and Ahk-Ton's assassins immediately killed the de-powered Hurut. An enraged Adam slaughtered all of the king's men and inadvertently destroyed Kahndaq's palace. He was subsequently deemed unworthy by the Council of Wizards and imprisoned within the Rock of Eternity.


title: Black Adam (movie)

text: Feeling incapable of becoming a true hero, Adam surrenders. The Justice Society takes him to a secret Task Force X black site, where Fate has a premonition of Hawkman's impending death. As the Justice Society returns to the city, they realize Ishmael intentionally made Adam kill him while he was wearing the Crown of Sabbac, having shot at Amon so that he could be damned to Hell and reborn as the champion of the six demons of Sabbac, arising from the underworld to claim his throne and the power held within.


title: Black Adam (movie)

text: Sabbac summons the Legions of Hell to terrorize Kahndaq, but Amon, Adrianna, and Karim rally the people to repel them. The Justice Society prepares to face Sabbac in Ahk-Ton's ruins, but Fate creates a magical force field that prevents Hawkman, Cyclone, and Smasher from entering. He reveals that Hawkman's death can be avoided with his own sacrifice. Fate fights Sabbac alone and uses an astral projection to release Adam after talking to him in his cryo sleep. Sabbac then kills Fate, causing the force field to disappear, and allowing the others to fight. Just as Sabbac is about to kill the Justice Society, Adam arrives and engages him. With aid from Hawkman using Fate's helmet, Adam kills Sabbac. The Justice Society departs on good terms with Adam, who accepts his new role as the protector of Kahndaq and adopts a new name, Black Adam.


title: Black Adam (movie)

text: In a mid-credits scene, Waller communicates with Adam and warns him against leaving Kahndaq, before Superman arrives and suggests that they should talk.


title: Jeopardy! Teachers Tournament

text: The "Jeopardy!" Teachers Tournament is an annual tournament on the American television game show "Jeopardy!" It features full-time teachers of students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. The tournament debuted during Season 27 (2010-2011) and has been played every season since (except for Season 37), always during any of the three ratings sweeps periods (November, February, or May), with the exception of being held from May 25th to June 5th 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Jeopardy! Teachers Tournament

text: The Teachers Tournament follows the same 10-game format as the Tournament of Champions, College Championship, and Teen Tournament. The first five games are the quarterfinals, where all fifteen participants play in groups of three. The winners of the five games advance to the semifinals. The players with the four highest scores among non-winners advance as "wild card" players. The nine semifinalists compete in the next three games. Then the three semifinal winners advance to the two-day finals, in which cumulative scores from the two games are added to determine the championship (contestants' scores start at $0 in each game).


title: Jeopardy! Teachers Tournament

text: The person who wins the tournament receives a $100,000 prize. The first runner up gets $50,000; and the second runner up gets $25,000. Teachers who are eliminated during the semifinals go home with $10,000, and teachers who are eliminated during the quarterfinals go home with $5,000.


title: Jeopardy! Teachers Tournament

text: In addition to the aforementioned cash prize, the winner also earns an automatic spot in the next Tournament of Champions, although one winner (Larry Martin in 2018) died from pancreatic cancer before reaching that tournament. So far, two Teachers Tournaments winners have made it to the finals of the Tournament of Champions (Colby Burnett in 2013 and Francois Barcomb in 2019); only Burnett won the event. 2016 winner Jason Sterlacci is only other winner to advance to the semi-finals of the Tournament of Champions. Burnett was also invited back to the Battle of the Decades in 2014 where he advanced to the semifinals, and was team captain in the All-Star games in 2019, where he drafted 2017 Tournament of Champions finalist Alan Lin and November 2000 College Champion Pam Mueller as his team members. His team finished as the second runner-up in the event. 2015 winner Jennifer Giles also competed in the All-Star games, as a member of Team Buzzy Cohen. John Pearson was the alternate in the All-Star games.


title: Jeopardy! Teachers Tournament

text: Catherine Whitten and Justin Hoffstetter in February 2012 are the first pair of contestants to marry each other. Their marriage took place in January 24, 2015. Maryanne Lewell and Michael Townes in 2013 are the second pair of contestants to marry each other. Their marriage took place in Canada in August 2017.


title: Cavalry

text: Historically, cavalry have been soldiers who fought while riding horses. In modern times, "cavalry" means the branch of the military that fight in armored vehicles such as tanks. They differ from the infantry in that the Infantry fight on foot.


title: Cavalry

text: Soldiers have fought on horses ever since people have ridden horses. Before that, they fought in chariots pulled by horses. Because horses are strong, cavalry troops can wear more armor than infantry and carry heavier weapons. Because horses are fast, cavalry can ride into battle more quickly than infantry.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: Wave–particle duality is perhaps one of the most confusing concepts in physics, because it is so unlike anything we see in the ordinary world.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: Physicists who studied light in the 1700s and 1800s had an argument about whether light was made of particles or waves. Light seems to act like both. At times, light seems to go only in a straight line, as if it were made of particles. But other experiments show that light has a frequency and wavelength, just like a sound wave or water wave. Until the 20th century, most physicists thought that light was either one or the other, and that the scientists on the other side of the argument were simply wrong.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Arthur Compton, Niels Bohr worked on this problem. Current scientific theory is that all particles act both like waves and like particles. This has been verified for elementary particles, and for compound particles like atoms and molecules. For macroscopic particles, because of their extremely short wavelengths, wave properties usually cannot be detected.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: In 1909, a scientist named Geoffrey Taylor decided that he was going to settle this argument once and for all. He borrowed an experiment invented earlier by Thomas Young, where light was shone through two small holes right next to each other. When bright light was shone through these two small holes, it created an "interference pattern" that seemed to show that light was actually a wave.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: Taylor's idea was to take a photo of the light coming out of the holes with a special camera that was unusually sensitive to light. When bright light was shone through the holes, the photo showed an interference pattern, just like Young showed earlier. Taylor then turned down the light to a very dim level. When the light was dim enough, Taylor's photos showed tiny pinpoints of light scattering out of the holes. This seemed to show that light was actually a particle. If Taylor allowed the dim light to shine through the holes for long enough, the dots eventually filled up the photo to make an interference pattern again. This demonstrated that light was somehow "both" a wave "and" a particle.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: To make matters even more confusing, Louis de Broglie suggested that matter might act the same way. Scientists then performed these same experiments with electrons, and found that electrons too are somehow both particles and waves. Electrons can be used to do Young's double-slit experiment.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: Today, these experiments have been done in so many different ways by so many different people that scientists simply accept that both matter and light are somehow both waves and particles. Scientists are still unsure about how this can be, but they are quite certain it must be true. Although it seems impossible to understand how anything can be both a wave and a particle, scientists do have a number of equations for describing these things that have variables for both wavelength (a wave property) and momentum (a particle property). This seeming impossibility is referred to as the wave-particle duality.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: Wave–particle duality means that all particles show both wave and particle properties. This is a central concept of quantum mechanics.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: Classical concepts like "particle" and "wave" do not fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale objects.


title: Wave–particle duality

text: An electron has a wavelength called the "de Broglie wavelength". It can be calculated using the equation


title: Wave–particle duality

text: The photoelectric effect shows that a light photon which has enough energy (a high enough frequency), can cause an electron to be released off a metal's surface. Electrons in this case can be called photoelectrons.


title: Biblical canon

text: The Bible is a collection of texts. These texts are usually called "books". There are different versions of the Bible. These versions come from communities that include parts they find important and leave out other parts they think are less important. A Biblical canon is a set of books of the Bible that a certain movement considers Scripture (that is, inspired by God).


title: Warraich

text: The Warraich or Warraich are found in Pakistan and India. They mostly live in Pakistani Punjab and also in Indian Punjab. They belong to Sikh religion and people left in Pakistan converted to Muslim. Apparently, the roots are all over the Punjab including Pakistan and india.


title: Warraich

text: The majority of Warraich are muslim. The Warraich from the Pakistani side of Punjab are mostly Muslim, while those from the Indian states of Haryana and Punjab are predominantly Sikh.


title: Warraich

text: In Pakistan, the Warraich are mostly found in the districts of Gujrat and Gujranwala. They also live in Lahore, Multan, Bahawalpur, Dunyapur Tehsil of Lodhran, Faisalabad and Sargodha.


title: Regensburg

text: Regensburg ( ]; Czech: "Řezno", ]; "Rengschburg" or "Rengschbuach" ]) is a city in the south of Germany, in the east of the state of Bavaria.


title: Transmission Control Protocol

text: The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. TCP is part of the popular "TCP/IP" combination used by the Internet. The Internet Protocol, or IP, makes sure data on the internet gets to the right place. Then TCP makes sure the data is put in the right order, and none of it is missing. TCP also helps to control traffic on the internet so it does not get overloaded. These protocols, which are kind of like languages that computers use, are designed so that any computer, and any program (such as a Web browser or e-mail client), can use them.


title: Transmission Control Protocol

text: TCP makes it easier for computer programs to communicate with each other, typically over a computer network. When a program wants to send a lot of data, TCP is in charge of dividing the data, sending it through the network, and putting it back together correctly on a different computer. In the process, IP chooses which wires and "intersections" get used to send all the data pieces in the fastest way. It does this using packets.


title: Transmission Control Protocol

text: If there are a lot of people using the network, it can get overloaded. Also sometimes weather, power outages, and other problems can make communication hard. Routers on the Internet use something called "load balancing" to try to fix some of these problems. But still, information can be delivered out of order, get lost, or even duplicated. TCP is designed to notice all of these problems and try to fix them. This can take a while, which is why the Internet sometimes seems slow. Once the TCP receiver has finally reassembled a perfect copy of the data originally transmitted, it passes that data to the computer program that asked for it. In this way, the program does not have to know about the network, and TCP does not have to know about the program's data.


title: Period 7 element

text: A period 7 element is an element in the seventh period (row) of the periodic table. It contains 32 elements, beginning at francium and ending with oganesson. The Actinides are part of this period. They are all really radioactive. As of 2016, period 7 elements are the last period of elements that have been made.


title: Period 7 element

text: Period 7 elements have electrons in the first seven electron shells. All period 7 elements have one or more electrons in the seventh electron shell (valence electrons). When atomic number increases by one, another electron is added. Two electrons join the 7s orbital, 14 electrons join the 5f orbital, ten electrons join the 6d orbital, and six electrons join the 7p orbitals.


title: Brackish water

text: Brackish water (less commonly brack water) is salt water and fresh water mixed together. It is saltier than fresh water, but not as salty as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.


title: Brackish water

text: Some human activities can produce brackish water, mostly certain civil engineering projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish pools for freshwater prawns.


title: Brackish water

text: Technically, brackish water contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per litre—more often expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (ppt or ‰). Thus, "brackish" covers a range of salinity regimes and is not considered a precisely defined condition. It is characteristic of many brackish surface waters that their salinity can vary considerably over space and/or time.


title: Brackish water

text: The term brackish water comes from the Low German word "Brack", which is a small lake made when a storm tide breaks a dike and floods land behind the dike.


title: Brackish water

text: The most important brackish water habitats are estuaries, where a river meets the sea, mixing salt and fresh water. The River Thames flowing through London is one of the most familiar of river estuaries.


title: Brackish water

text: The Caspian Sea is the world's largest lake and contains brackish water with a salinity about one-third that of normal seawater. The Caspian is famous for its peculiar animal fauna, including one of the few non-marine seals (the Caspian seal) and the great sturgeons, the source of caviar.


title: Bailey bridge

text: A Bailey bridge is a factory made truss bridge. It was made in small sections that could be easily moved and put together on site. It was developed by the British during World War II for military use.


title: Bailey bridge

text: A Bailey bridge did not need special tools or heavy equipment to put into place. The wood and steel bridge parts were small and light enough to be carried in trucks and lifted into place by hand. The bridges were strong enough to carry tanks. Bailey bridges continue to be used in building projects and to provide temporary crossings for people and vehicles.


title: Bailey bridge

text: It was designed by a British engineer, Donald Bailey. The British army tested different bridge designs in 1941–1942, including a suspension bridge and a stepped arch bridge. The flat truss bridge was the most successful. An early test model of the Bailey flat truss bridge is still in place over Mother Siller's Channel in Dorset. The Bailey bridge was first used by the army in Tobruk in 1942. The US Army built many of the bridges for use after the D-Day landings in France.


title: Bailey bridge

text: The basic Bailey bridge is made up of three main parts, the "floor", the "stringers" and the side "panels". The floor of the bridge is made up of a number of that run across the bridge. Across the bottom of these, forming a square, are . The bridge's strength is provided by the panels on the sides. The panels are , , cross-braced rectangles. Each weighs , and can be lifted by six men.


title: Bailey bridge

text: The transoms rest on the lower part of the panels, and are held together by clamps. The stringers are placed on top of the completed structural frame, and large pieces of wood are placed on top of the stringers to provide a roadbed. Ribands bolt the planking to the stringers. Later in the war, the wood was covered by steel plates, to protect it from the damage caused by tank tracks.


title: Bailey bridge

text: Each unit built in this way is a single section of bridge, with a roadbed. After one section is complete it is pushed forward over rollers on the bridgehead, and another section built behind it. The two are then connected together with pins pounded into holes in the corners of the panels.


title: Diya (lamp)

text: A Diya, diyo, deya, divaa, deepa, deepam, or deepak is an oil lamp. It is used in the Indian subcontinent, mostly in India and Nepal. It is usually made from clay and a cotton wick dipped in ghee or vegetable oils. Diyas are native to the Indian subcontinent. It is often used in Hindu, Sikh, Jain and Zoroastrian religious festivals such as Diwali or the Kushti ceremony.


title: Big East Conference

text: The Big East Conference is a college sports conference in the United States which sponsors many sports, but does not play football. The league has its roots in the original Big East Conference, which was founded in 1979 as a basketball-focused league by a group of schools in the Eastern U.S. That league added football in 1991, leading to years of conflict between schools that played top-level football and those that did not. In July 2013, the original league split along football lines. The seven schools that did not play FBS (top-level) football—often called the "Catholic 7" because all are run by the Catholic Church—bought the "Big East" name and formed a new Big East. The FBS schools joined with several new members and stayed in the original Big East structure under the new name of American Athletic Conference (The American).


title: Big East Conference

text: Although the current Big East was not founded until 2013, it claims the 1979 founding date of the original Big East. Both the current Big East and The American claim the pre-split history of the old Big East.


title: Big East Conference

text: The 10 schools that formed the current Big East are private schools. All of these are also Catholic except for Butler, which was started by Protestants but has never been run by any church. UConn (Connecticut) became the Big East's first public school in July 2020.


title: Big East Conference

text: No full member of the Big East has left for another conference. However, eight associate members have left the Big East in one or more sports, with five entirely leaving the Big East.


title: Big East Conference

text: Two schools that were associate members in the 2013–14 school year left to join conferences that play the sports that they housed in the Big East. Five women's lacrosse members left after the 2017–18 school year when the American Athletic Conference, full-time home to three of those schools, started a women's lacrosse league. Two of these schools, Temple and UConn, stayed in the Big East in field hockey, and UConn returned to the Big East full-time in July 2020. At the same time, Old Dominion moved its women's lacrosse team from the Big East to The American. This kept both conferences at six women's lacrosse members, the number needed to ensure that their conference champions would receive places in the NCAA Division I tournament. ODU is still a Big East member in field hockey.


title: Wajid Khan

text: Wajid Khan (born 10 March 1981) is an Indian artist, portraitist, sculptor, inventor and patent holder. He has specialized in carving canvas with nails. Recognizing his outstanding nail art, Khan was named in the Guinness Book of World Records, Limca Book of Records, and Asia Book of Records.


title: Wajid Khan

text: In 1995, at the age of 14 he invented the world’s smallest electric iron. After this invention, he went on to invent a water theft device and a centralized touch-activated switch for household appliances. He also created a painting on canvas, which was apparently world’s first 3D painting. He has also created a robot and then again, in 2003 he invented a Light sensor & Gear Locking.


title: Wajid Khan

text: From being a rugby player, animator and inventor, Wajid has also carved his niche in doing things differently. Now, he is a famous nail-portraits. Among his other works includes 200 of his inventions. He invented world’s smallest ‘electric-Iron’, just when he was studying in V standard. It was named in the Guinness Book of World Records. He has been awarded three time by the late president Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.


title: Wajid Khan

text: A day before World Environment Day in June 2016, Wajid Khan painted the dried street trees in Indore and spread message to save environment. Wajid Khan took workshop and taught spoon art to street children for free of cost so that they can earn money for living


title: Hemp

text: Hemp ("Cannabis sativa" subsp. "sativa") is a plant and the fibers made from it. It is a subspecies of the "Cannabis sativa" plant. It is usually used to make cloth and other textiles, and ropes.


title: Hemp

text: Hemp is one of the oldest plants humans have grown and used. Hemp was domesticated in Asia over 10,000 years ago. It was already used to make clothes, ropes, and an early form of paper. The seeds were eaten, and the plant had medicinal uses. From there the use of hemp spread. In Europe, hemp was at least used 5,500 years ago. It is one of the earliest domesticated plants recorded. It is quite strong and does not need many pesticides (to keep away bugs) and no herbicides. Linen and hemp were the most important fiber plants in Europe for a long time.


title: Hemp

text: Hemp is similar to marijuana, but contains very little THC, the chemical that makes people feel good while using marijuana. Hemp is completely legal in most U.S. states, France, Spain, Indonesia, England, and Ireland.


title: Jackal

text: Jackals are canid species found in Africa and Asia. They are carnivorous of small and medium-sized prey. To hunt, they can run at speeds of 16 km/h (10 mph). This is not fast, but they have great endurance, so can run for a long time.


title: Jackal

text: They often chase prey as a pair or a group, usually not as individuals. Jackals are "opportunistic omnivores", which will take on larger animals if they need to. They are predators of small to medium-sized animals and scavengers.


title: Jackal

text: Jackals are monogamous (each male lives with only one female). A pair defends its territory from other pairs: they mark the territory with urine and feces. The territory may be large enough to hold some young adults who live with their parents until they have their own territory. Sometimes, jackals join small packs, for example to hunt a big animal, but normally they hunt alone or as a pair.


title: Jackal

text: Jackals are not a clade. They have several times developed from canid ancestors. However, they are closely related. It could be put this way: jackals are dogs which have a certain similar appearance and behaviour. They all have 78 chromosomes.


title: Jackal

text: A canid from Ethiopia and Eritrea, the Ethiopian wolf ("Canis simensis"), is sometimes called Simien jackal, but it is really a wolf. The Ethiopian wolf is one of the rarest and most endangered of all canids.


title: Niobium

text: Niobium is a chemical element. It is sometimes named columbium. It has the chemical symbol Nb. It has the atomic number 41. It is a rare metal. Niobium is soft and grey. It is ductile. In chemistry it is placed in a group of metal elements named the transition metals. Niobium was discovered in a variety of a mineral called columbite (now called niobite). Niobite is an ore of niobium.


title: Niobium

text: Niobium is considered a "technology-critical element". It is used in alloys, such as to make special steels and strong welded joints. Less than 0.1% of Niobium significantly improves the strength of steel. It is in the superconducting alloys used in MRI scanners, which are one of the most important medical inventions of the modern age.


title: Wolverine

text: The wolverine or glutton ("Gulo gulo") is the largest member of the Mustelidae family (the weasels). It is a stocky and muscular carnivore, more like a small bear than other mustelids. The wolverine, a solitary animal, has a reputation for ferocity, and can kill prey many times larger than itself. It is a powerful and versatile predator and scavenger.


title: Wolverine

text: There is a clear difference between two subspecies: the Old World form "Gulo gulo gulo" and the New World form "G. g. luscus".


title: Wolverine

text: The male is about tall, the female . Their length ranges from (female) to (male) and they reach a weight of around . Their tail measures about . Their brown fur protects them from the extremely cold temperatures and their big feet enable them to walk on top of snow.


title: Wolverine

text: Wolverines live primarily in isolated arctic and alpine regions of northern Canada, Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia. they are also native to European Russia, the Baltic countries, northeast China and Mongolia. In 2008 and 2009, wolverines were sighted as far south as the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe, for the first time since 1922. They are also found in low numbers in the Rocky Mountains and northern Cascades of the United States, and have been sighted as far south and east as Michigan. However, most New World wolverines live in Canada.


title: Wolverine

text: Wolverines feed on almost every type of food that they can find: mice, rats, birds, bird eggs, reindeer and other large prey. Wolverines prefer to hunt larger prey in winter, when the snow slows down the prey and gives the wolverine an advantage.


title: Wolverine

text: Wolverines are highly territorial. Wolverines reproduce every two or three years. The female gives birth to one to three young (called kits) in a tunnel called a den deep underneath snowdrifts.


title: Wolverine

text: Humans are the wolverine’s main enemy. The wolverine’s thick, warm fur is used to manufacture the trim of a parka's hood or other winter clothes, as the dense guard hairs do not collect frost.


title: Wolverine

text: In February 2013, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service proposed giving Endangered Species Act protections to the wolverine largely because climate change (global warming) is whittling away its wintry habitat in the northern Rockies. Wolverines have poor eyesight but a keen sense of smell, they can smell prey 20 feet under the snow.


title: Kendrick Lamar

text: Kendrick Lamar Duckworth (born June 17, 1987) is an American rapper and songwriter. He is from Compton, California. He married a woman named Shylah. He is best known for his albums "Overly Dedicated", "Section.80," "g.o.o.d kid, M.A.A.D. city," "To Pimp a Butterfly," and most recently "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album)," He has also released five mixtapes.


title: Kendrick Lamar

text: In October 2013 Lamar won five awards at the 2013 BET Awards. He performed "Money Trees" at the show.


title: Kendrick Lamar

text: He was the only guest rapper on Eminem's album "The Marshall Mathers LP 2", which was released November 5, 2013.


title: Kendrick Lamar

text: Lamar was nominated for seven Grammy Awards in 2013. He performed "m.A.A.d city" and a remix to "Radioactive" with Imagine Dragons at the awards ceremony.


title: Kendrick Lamar

text: In 2015, Kendrick Lamar released studio album To Pimp a Butterfly, which earned recognition as Best Rap Album at the Grammy Awards. The project also earned a nomination for Album of the Year. Single I (Kendrick Lamar Song) earned Grammy Awards for both Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance in 2014. Two more songs from the album earned awards at the 2015 ceremony, with "Alright" winning both Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance, and "These Walls" winning an award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration. "Alright" also received nominations for both Song of the Year and Best Music Video.


title: Kendrick Lamar

text: In 2017, Lamar released Damn (Kendrick Lamar Album), stylized as DAMN.. The project was nominated for seven Grammy Awards in 2017, winning five. The project earned the award for Best Rap Album, while also earning a nomination for Album of the Year. The single "HUMBLE." earned awards for Best Rap Performance, Best Rap Song, and Best Music Video, while also receiving a nomination for Record of the Year. Another track, "LOYALTY.", which features Rihanna, won the award for Best Rap/Sung Performance. In 2018, DAMN. earned the Pulitzer Prize award for Music, making him the first rap artist to earn the award.


title: Kendrick Lamar

text: In 2018, Lamar served as the primary curator of the soundtrack for the film Black Panther, releasing "". This release and its tracks earned seven Grammy Award nominations, including for Album of the Year, in 2018. The track "King's Dead" earned the award for Best Rap Performance.


title: Special administrative region

text: Special administrative regions (SARs) are regions within Mainland China that have their own governments separate from the rest of China. As a result of this, they enjoy a high degree of freedom. The two SARs are Hong Kong and Macau, both were European colonies that got transferred to China during the 1990s.


title: Special administrative region

text: Due to their new addition to the territory of China, Article 31 of the Chinese Constitution forms the legal foundation for the territories, as opposed to Article 30 which establishes the rest of China's territory.


title: Special administrative region

text: The term used to refer to the government of Hong Kong and Macau is the phrase, "One country, two systems", coined by Deng Xiaoping in which the territories would be part of one country (China) but use two different systems of government (Hong Kong and Macau basic law) instead of the Communist system of the Chinese national government. This was done to prevent protest of the new government and a loss of freedom that citizens may attribute it to.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: The Divine Comedy is an epic poem written by Dante Alighieri. It is about a trip through the afterlife. The poem has three parts: "Inferno" (Hell), "Purgatorio" (Purgatory), and "Paradiso" (Paradise, or Heaven). "The Divine Comedy" is a piece of world literature.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: "Inferno" is the most famous section of the poem. The poem is about the travels of a man through Christian hell, purgatory, and heaven. Note that "comedy" does not mean funny here, but rather that it has a positive ending.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: The narrator, Dante Alighieri, is lost in a forest in front of a giant mountain which symbolizes sin, and is harassed by a lion, leopard and she-wolf. He finds the Roman poet Virgil, who has to lead him through the nine circles of hell so Dante can be saved.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: Souls that did not accept Christ are here. This includes atheists, pagans, and the unbaptized. They did not actively sin, but they could not enter Heaven because of their lack of faith and even Hell would not allow them to enter very far.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: The punishment for the souls is not physical, but that they have no hope of seeing Christ, so they are mentally punished.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: Beyond the first circle, souls are assigned their place by Minos, who wraps his tail around his legs a corresponding number of times,and forces them to descend to their appropriate circle.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: In this circle souls who succumb to lust. They are the first ones to be truly punished in Hell. These souls are blown around in a giant storm which will last forever. This symbolizes the power of lust to blow one about aimlessly.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: This circle is guarded by Cerberus. The gluttons are punished here, lying in cold mud. While in life they were provided with warmth and comfort from their food, in Hell the souls are punished with cold and heavy rain. Cerberus claws at the spirits, rips at their skin, and bites holes.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: In life the sinners miserly hoarded their money greedily, while the prodigal spent their money foolishly. Both groups are pushing and pulling great bags of gold as they did in life. The greedy are guarded by Plutus, god of riches and wealth.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: In the river Styx the wrathful fight each other on the surface. The river surrounds the city of Dis, where active sinners are located. When Virgil tries to enter, the angels of Hell slam the door in his face. He and Dante proceed to the gate where Christ entered Hell during his three-day trip to release a select few people. During Christ's Harrowing of Hell he broke the door so it could never close again.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: This circle holds those who were violent in their lives. The people who were violent to people and property are in a river of fire. The depth of their placement in the river corresponds to how much you damaged in life. For example, Alexander the Great is immersed up to his eyebrows. The violent against self are turned into plants and are pecked at and ripped apart by birds. The violent to God and the violent to nature are also here. They have to walk on flaming sand for eternity.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: Pimps, seducers, flatterers, simonists, sorcerers, fortune-tellers, false prophets, corrupt politicians, hypocrites, thieves, schismatics, alchemists, and counterfeiters are in this circle. Each punishment is the opposite of what they did in life. Fortune-tellers, who tried to see things ahead of time, are forced to walk backwards.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: The traitors to family are immersed in ice up to their faces. Traitors to political entities are also here. Traitors to guests lie in the ice, which covers them completely except for their faces. Traitors to their lords and benefactors are completely buried in ice in various positions.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: In the very center of Hell, because he sinned the ultimate sin (treachery against God), lies Satan. Satan is described as a beast with three faces, six wings, and is eternally weeping from his six eyes. Each of Satan's mouths chews on a famous traitor from history. Brutus and Cassius are being chewed feet-first. The center mouth is chewing on Judas Iscariot. His head is being chewed on by Satan, and his back is being skinned by Satan's claws.


title: The Divine Comedy

text: Dante and Virgil escape by climbing down Satan's fur through the center of the earth and out the other hemisphere, where they will climb Mount Purgatory.


title: Max Fincham

text: Max Fincham (born 28 June 2004 in London, England) is an English actor. He is known for playing Isaac Mensah in the BBC One drama miniseries "Dark Money", Thomas in the American television series "The Alienist", Young Tim Goodman in "" and for voicing the title character in the animated series "Ricky Zoom". In 2021, he began playing Jerome Hall in the Apple TV science fiction series "Invasion".


title: Class (biology)

text: A class is a rank used in the biological taxonomy of all organisms. Each class is split into orders. There are multiple classes in each phylum.


title: Class (biology)

text: Mammals, for example, are one of several classes within the Vertebrates, and are subdivided into Monotremes, Marsupials, and Eutheria.


title: Bukhara

text: Bukhara (; ; ) is the capital of the Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan. It is the nation's fifth-largest city. It had about 263,400 people at the 2009 census. People have lived in the area for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. The city is on the Silk Road. That made it a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. The historic center of Bukhara, which has many mosques and madrassas, is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. There are many Uzbeks and Tajiks. The city has Jews and other ethnic minorities.


title: Bukhara

text: Bukhara was called "Bokhara" in 19th and early 20th century English publications and as "Buhe/Puhe" () in Tang Chinese.


title: Web hosting service

text: A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service. It allows people and companies to make their website available on the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies which provide space on a server which is owned or leased for use by clients. These clients store their Web site on the server. The server feeds the web pages to the Internet.


title: Web hosting service

text: Wikia, for example, is a hosting service. Many web hosting companies also provide other services including file hosting service.


title: Web hosting service

text: For entry-level website hosting, shared web hosting is ideal. This is where your website will be housed alongside several other websites on the same server. All domains on a shared hosting plan share the same server resources, such as RAM (Random Access Memory) and CPU (Central Processing Unit) (Central Processing Unit). Shared hosting are relatively inexpensive because all resources are shared, making them a good choice for website owners in their early stages.


title: Web hosting service

text: It's the perfect solution for website owners who want greater control but don't need a dedicated server. Each website on a VPS server is housed in its own space on the server, while it still shares a physical server with other customers. While VPS hosting gives website owners more customization and storage capacity, it can't withstand extremely high traffic or usage spikes, which means that the site's performance might still be influenced by other sites on the server.


title: Web hosting service

text: Dedicated web hosting allows website owners to have the maximum control over the server on which their website is hosted. That's because you've rented the server solely, and your website is the only one on it. This means you have complete root and admin access, allowing you to manage anything from security to the operating system you use.


title: Web hosting service

text: One of the most expensive web hosting solutions is dedicated servers. They are typically utilized by website owners who have a lot of traffic on their site and need complete control over their servers. In addition, the installation and continuing operation of the server necessitate a high level of technical competence.


title: Web hosting service

text: The majority of hosting packages available online are likely to be managed. Hosting companies provide technical services such hardware and software setup and configuration, maintenance, hardware replacement, technical help, updating, and monitoring. The provider manages the hardware, operating systems, and standardised applications on a day-to-day basis using managed hosting. Each plan is tailored to the demands of various groups, so knowing what you need in a website will help you choose the best plan for you and your company.


title: Romantic ballet

text: The Romantic ballet is a genre of ballet that evolved in the early 19th century as a reaction against the classicism that dominated 18th century art and literature. Balletomanes of the early nineteenth century were bored with stories about ancient gods and goddesses, plots based on myths, and ancient costumes. They wanted ballets about real people and real places. "Pointe" work became artistic expression rather than stunt work, and the long, white, ballet skirt of tulle was introduced. Both produced the illusion of ethereal weightlessness. Gas lighting made it possible to create special dimming effects and wires enabled ballerinas to "fly".


title: Romantic ballet

text: The romantic era in ballet began with "The Ballet of the Nuns" in 1831 and was followed by "La Sylphide" in 1832. The genre began a slow decline. "Coppélia" of 1870 is said to mark the end of the romantic ballet, although the three ballets composed by Tchaikovsky are romantic ballets. Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake" of 1876 is considered a romantic ballet. Even his "The Nutcracker" of 1892 is a romantic ballet. Michel Fokine's "Les Sylphides" of 1906 is considered a tribute to the romantic ballet in its atmosphere and tone.


title: Romantic ballet

text: Romantic ballets have four things in common: they are not about mythological gods and goddesses; they show local or national color in costumes, settings, and dances such as mazurkas and waltzes; a supernatural, fantastic, exotic, or spiritual element is usually prominent; and ballet technique is a focus, especially "pointe" work for the ballerina.


title: Acarina

text: Their fossil history goes back to the Devonian era. Most acarines are tiny: less than a millimetre. It is estimated that over 50,000 species have been described, but a million or more species may be currently living. The study of mites and ticks is called acarology.


title: Acarina

text: Acarines live in practically every habitat, and include aquatic (freshwater and sea water) and terrestrial species. They outnumber other arthropods in the soil and detritus. Many are parasitic, and they affect both vertebrates and invertebrates. Most parasitic forms are external parasites, while the free living forms are generally predators and may even be used to control undesirable arthropods. Others help to break down forest litter and dead organic matter such as skin cells. Others still are herbivorous and may damage crops. Damage to crops is perhaps the most costly economic effect of mites, especially by the spider mites and their relatives, earth mites, thread-footed mites and the gall and rust mites.


title: Acarina

text: Some parasitic forms affect humans and other mammals, causing damage by their feeding, and can even be vectors of diseases such as scrub typhus and rickettsia. A well-known effect of mites on humans is as an allergen which stimulates asthma. Predatory mites may be used in pest control and herbivorous mites used to attack weeds. A positive contribution of the Acari is their normal functioning in ecosystems, especially their roles in the decomposer subsystem.


title: Acarina

text: A hugely successful group with a large number of species. Mites are among the most diverse and successful of all the invertebrate groups, but because of their small size (most are microscopic) go largely unnoticed. They have exploited many habitats. Many live freely in the soil or water, but there are also a large number of species that live as parasites on plants, animals, and some that feed on mould (fungi).


title: Acarina

text: Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites, mostly of mammals and birds. They wait on grass or bushes, and jump onto passing animals. A number of birds specialise in picking them off larger animals: the Cattle Egret and the Oxpecker for example. They are quite serious pests, and can be hard to get rid of. They are vectors, carrying diseases such as Lyme disease.


title: Diaspora

text: Diaspora (, literally, "a scattering or sowing of seeds") is used (without capitals) to refer to any people or racial group living outside their traditional homelands, emigrating and being scattered in distant places and making a new community. It was first used in the Septuagint to mean the scattering of Jews after the capture of Jerusalem by the Babylonians in 586 BC.


title: Pope Boniface VI

text: Pope Boniface VI (; 806 – April 896) was the bishop of Rome. He was Pope of the Papal States in April 896. He was from Rome.


title: Pope Boniface VI

text: His election came about as a result of riots soon after the death of Pope Formosus. After a pontificate of fifteen days, he is said by some to have died of the gout.


title: Middle English

text: Middle English is an older type of the English language that was spoken after the Norman invasion in 1066 until the middle/late 1400s. It came from Old English after William the Conqueror came to England with his French nobles and stopped English from being taught in schools for a few hundred years. Over this time, English borrowed several French words.


title: Middle English

text: In the 1470s, the "Chancery Standard," a type of English spoken in London, started to become more common. This was partly because William Caxton brought the printing press to England in the 1470s. The type of English that people spoke in England between then and 1650 is called Early Modern English. There were many different dialects of Middle English.


title: Commonwealth of England

text: The Commonwealth of England was the republican government which ruled first England and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. After the execution of Charles I on January 30, 1649, the Commonwealth was declared ("") by the Rump Parliament on May 19, 1649. The government during 1653 to 1659 is properly called The Protectorate, and took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell and, after his death, his son Richard, as Lord Protector. The term "Commonwealth" is, however, loosely used to describe the system of government during the whole of 1649 to 1660, the years of the English Interregnum.


title: Period 5 element

text: A period 5 element is an element in the fifth period (row) of the periodic table. It contains 18 elements, beginning at Rubidium and ending at Xenon.


title: Period 5 element

text: Period 5 elements have electrons in the first five electron shells. All period 5 elements have one or more electrons in the fifth electron shell (valence electrons). When atomic number increases by one, another electron is added. Two electrons join the 5s orbital, ten electrons join the 4d orbital, and six electrons join the 5p orbitals.


title: Grease (movie)

text: Grease is a 1978 American romantic comedy musical movie directed by Randal Kleiser and produced by Robert Stigwood. The movie tells the story of high-schoolers Rizzo (Stockard Channing), Kenickie (Jeff Conaway), Danny (John Travolta), Frenchy (Didi Conn) and Sandy (Olivia Newton-John).


title: Grease (movie)

text: Danny Zuko (John Travolta) and Sandy Olsson (Olivia Newton-John) meet in Los Angeles, California in summer 1959 and they fall in love. When Sandy has to leave to go back to Australia, they believe it is the end of their romance. However, Sandy gets transferred to his school and they meet again. When Danny sees Sandy again he acts as if he does not care about her. He does this to keep up his reputation, but Sandy does not know this and wishes she has never met him. She and Danny date on and off, but Sandy becomes frustrated with him because of the way he treats her. At the end of the movie, Sandy transforms herself into the kind of woman Danny could truly love forever and they get back together.


title: Dracula

text: Dracula is a horror novel written by the Irish writer Bram Stoker. Bram Stoker published the novel in England in 1897. The character 'Dracula' may have been based in part on Sir Henry Irving (who was an actor and friend of Bram Stoker) and on Vlad III the Impaler (a Romanian king). The story is about a vampire called Dracula, who wants to take over England. The novel is set in 1893.


title: Dracula

text: A young solicitor (a type of lawyer) Jonathan Harker goes to the country Transylvania to sell a house in England to a nobleman named Dracula. After living in the castle for a week, he realizes that Dracula is a vampire that wants to take over England. Dracula traps Harker in his castle with three other vampire women (who are called his brides) and goes to England, by hiding on a ship and killing the crew. When he gets to England, he bites a young woman called Lucy Westenra and turns her into a vampire. Lucy is then killed by Abraham van Helsing (a vampire hunter) and the other characters in the book. Then Dracula bites Jonathan's wife Mina. Because of this, the other characters try to defeat Dracula, by chasing him back to Transylvania and stabbing him in the heart with a wooden stake.


title: Dracula

text: People have written about where Stoker got his ideas for the Dracula story. It has been said that Stoker's mother Charlotte telling him of the events of the terrible cholera plague in Sligo, Ireland may have given him some ideas. These included:


title: Dracula

text: The idea of blood may have come from Bram's early years when he was unheathly and in bed all the time and doctors may have tried bleeding him to make him healthly.


title: Dracula

text: Ideas for the person of "Dracula" may have been taken from Henry Irving. Stoker worked for Irving at the Lyceum Theatre in London for 30 years.


title: New York Red Bulls

text: The New York Red Bulls are an American soccer team. They play in Major League Soccer in Harrison, New Jersey. Until 2006, they were known as the MetroStars. Their homeground is the Red Bull Arena in Harrison.


title: New York Red Bulls

text: The club was founded in 1995 by John Werner Kluge and Stuart Subotnick, two managers for MetroMedia, under the name MetroStars. The club was a founding member of Major League Soccer. In 2006 the team was sold to the Austrian company Red Bull and renamed the New York Red Bulls. The team is the only one in the MLS which never reached a major title. There were a lot of well-known soccer players on the team from all over the world such as Roberto Donadoni, Lothar Matthäus (FIFA World Cup 1990, UEFA Champion 1980), Adolfo Valencia, Youri Djorkaeff, Amado Guevara, Juan Pablo Angel,Daniel Rodriguez, Thierry Henry, and Rafael Márquez.


title: New York Red Bulls

text: Former players Tony Meola, Tab Ramos, Tim Howard, Alexi Lalas, Clint Mathis, Jozy Altidore, Michael Bradley, Claudio Reyna, Eddie Pope, and Tim Ream have all played for the U.S. national team. Current players Juan Agudelo,Daniel Rodriguez, Dax McCarty, and Kenny Cooper have also played for the USMNT.


title: Doctor of Medicine

text: Doctor of Medicine (MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine") is a doctoral degree for physicians (medical doctors). The degree is given by medical schools.


title: Doctor of Medicine

text: It is a professional doctorate / first professional degree (qualifying degree) in some countries, including the United States and Canada. Students need to have completed 90 to 120 credit hours of university level work (see second entry degree) and in most cases should already have a Bachelors Degree.


title: Doctor of Medicine

text: In other countries, such as the United Kingdom and Germany, the Doctor of Medicine is an advanced academic "research" degree similar to a PhD or a higher doctorate. In Britain, Ireland, and many Commonwealth nations, the qualifying medical degree is the Bachelor of Science in Medicine, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, BMBS, BM BCh, BM, MB BCh BAO, or MB ChB) and is the same as the M.D. degree in the U.S. system.


title: Doctor of Medicine

text: In these countries it is illegal to prescribe scrips (prescriptions) and perform operations without the basic degree; also usual is the membership of appropriate medical and/or surgical societies. The societies (such as the British Medical Association) act as a kind of sophisticated trades union for doctors. In the British system, the General Medical Council has legal authority for the medical register of doctors licensed to practice medicine. They can and do hold tribunals to decide whether doctors accused of misdeeds should be struck off the medical register. Therefore, to practice it is necessary not only to hold the medical degree(s), but also to be on the register.


title: Goto

text: goto is a statement in many programming languages. It is a combination of the English words "go" and "to". It is a way to jump to another line of code.


title: Goto

text: Many languages support the goto statement, and many do not. In Java, goto is a reserved word, but cannot be used. (A "reserved word" is a word that is a "part" of the programming language and cannot be used for other things like naming variables.)


title: Goto

text: In Computer Science, there is a theory called the structured program theorem. This theory says that any program can be written in such a way that things are done with "functions" and "methods" (smaller sub-programs) instead of in one very big program and "goto" statements. The theory proves that the goto statement is not needed to write programs.


title: Goto

text: A goto statement is usually used with a "label". A label is a word that identifies a place in a piece of code. A goto statement in code usually looks like this:


title: Goto

text: Many times the goto statement is, combined with the if statement. In this case, the computer will only jump to another place in the code if something is true. For example:


title: Goto

text: Different programming languages have different restrictions or limits on the use of goto statements. For example, the C programming language does not allow a goto to jump to a location inside of another function (subprogram).


title: Cheyenne, Wyoming

text: Cheyenne is the capital and largest city of Wyoming, a state of the United States of America. As of September 2005, it had an estimated population (number of people living in it) of 55,362. It is the county seat of Laramie County. Cheyenne was founded in 1867 and the current mayor of Cheyenne is Marian Orr.


title: Navigation

text: Navigation is the methods used to learn where someone is and how to go to another place. Since this is easy when landmarks are visible, the word is often limited to the methods ships or aircraft use. The word "navigation" was invented in the 15th century from the Latin word "navis" which means "ship" and is found in other Indo-European languages. Navigation is literally "art of ship mastery" but is also used for 'finding one's way'. The Global Positioning System is the main tool for it.


title: Navigation

text: One type of navigation was made by the Polynesians and is called Polynesian navigation. Polynesians used different things found all around them to find their way across large areas of open ocean. Other early people also learned how to travel large distances using the natural world. For example:


title: Navigation

text: An example of people who used the stars were the Vikings. They knew that the star called Polaris (the North Star) does not change location and points to the north. They would then know the latitude (distance from the equator), by measuring the angle between Polaris and the horizon. They also used animals, especially birds, to know if land was nearby. They also knew that specific kind of clouds form near land and that waves are different near land than at high seas.


title: Extended periodic table

text: Scientists are trying to make new chemical elements that do not exist yet. In this way, they will extend (make longer) the periodic table. As of 2022, the element with the highest atomic number is oganesson, element 118. Scientists have tried to make atoms with higher atomic numbers, by smashing smaller atoms together. Scientists have also made predictions about how to make these atoms. There is probably a biggest possible atomic number for any atom. Atoms with a higher atomic number than this cannot exist. However, scientists are not sure what this number is.


title: Extended periodic table

text: The extended periodic table is a version of the periodic table that is longer than the normal one. The inner transition metals are placed between Group 2 and Group 3 on the periodic table. On a normal periodic table the inner transition metals are below Groups 2 and 3.


title: Extended periodic table

text: Each of these predicted elements can be given a name. These names are based on the digits of the atomic number. They were set by IUPAC, and come from Latin and Greek.


title: Extended periodic table

text: The chemical name and symbol come from these put together, followed by "ium" or "um". For example, element 138 is called "untrioctium" and has symbol Uto.


title: Extended periodic table

text: An element can also be named by "eka-" followed by the element above it in the periodic table. For example, ununennium can also be called "eka-francium".


title: Extended periodic table

text: Pekka Pykkö has predicted how atomic orbitals will fill up as atomic number increases. According to this model, element 172 should be the end of the row that starts with element 119.


title: Juan Gabriel

text: Alberto Aguilera Valadez or commonly known as "Juan Gabriel" was a Mexican singer and songwriter. He was also regarded as the "most famous living representatives of Mexican music".


title: Juan Gabriel

text: Fue el principal cantante de la música regional mexicana contemporánea en el último tercio del siglo XX hasta el momento de su muerte. Ha vendido más de 150 millones de discos como solista, productor musical y junto a la española Rocío Dúrcal.[2] Sus composiciones han sido traducidas a idiomas tan diversos como turco, alemán, francés, italiano, tagalo, japonés, griego, papiamento, portugués e inglés. Era conocido también por realizar obras destinadas a ofrecer las oportunidades de desarrollo a la niñez desafortunada, no solamente en México, también en Venezuela y otros países. Fue benefactor directo de más de un centenar de menores albergados en una escuela llamada «Semjase», creada por él en 1987 en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.[3]


title: Juan Gabriel

text: Falleció a los 66 años a causa de un infarto agudo de miocardio[4] mientras desarrollaba su gira «MéXIIco es todo».[5][6]


title: Juan Gabriel

text: On August 28, 2016, it was reported that Gabriel died at the age of 66 from a heart attack earlier that day in Santa Monica, California.


title: King Lear

text: King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. He based it on an old British story about a king named Leir or Lyr. The play might have been first performed in December 1606. It was first printed in 1608. It was printed again in 1623 in the First Folio. This is a collection of all of Shakespeare's plays. Many great actors over the years have played the part of King Lear.


title: King Lear

text: The play is about an old king named Lear. He wants to divide his kingdom between his three daughters. To get the kingdom, they must tell him how much they love him. His youngest daughter Cordelia will not say how much she does, although she's the one who loves him most.


title: King Lear

text: She says words will not be able to describe her love. King Lear does not realise this is true love. Lear gets angry at her and will not give her land, and says she is not his daughter anymore. He gives his land to his other daughters Regan and Goneril.


title: King Lear

text: The king soon finds out that Regan and Goneril do not love him. They only wanted his land. The King becomes very mad. The two daughters, and their husbands, throw him out of the land that is now theirs. Lear goes on a trip around the land that was once his as he becomes insane. Regan poisons Goneril out of jealousy. She also kills herself. Lear dies after discovering that Cordelia was the one who always cared for him as shee came with a French army to help him but she and King Lear were caught by Edmund; who gave an order to get them both hanged, which happens to Cordelia and causes Lear's grief and death.


title: Vassal

text: A vassal during the feudalism of medieval Europe, was someone who had shared duties with a lord. Usually the vassal provided soldiers to the lord. The lord used his army of soldiers from all of his vassals to protect those vassals. The lord also gave him the piece of land that he held as a fief. By analogy the term "vassal" is used also for similar systems in other feudal societies.


title: Vassal

text: The development of the "vassal", in a society that was increasingly organised around the concept of "lordship"– in French the "seigneur"– is one sign that Antiquity ended and the Early Middle Ages began. Lordship is the basic social institution as Tacitus described them in his book "Germania". The Roman West experienced them for the first time in the Migration Period.


title: Vassal

text: As the system developed in the seventh century, the vassals were gangs of freemen who subjected themselves, in some degree of formality, to the authority of a leader, from whom they could expect to be fed, clothed and armed. The quality of a vassal was only in his fighting ability and the strength of his loyalty. The etymology (where the word came from) of "vassal" is from a Celtic word "gwas" "boy" that meant a young male slave, with a Latinised form, "vassus" that appeared in Salic Law (Rouche 1987 p 429), like the way "knight" came from the from Old English word "cniht" and similar words in Frisian and Dutch, all meaning "lad" .


title: Molecular vibrations

text: Molecular vibrations are one of three different kinds of motion for molecules that include translational motion (when the whole molecule goes in the same direction) and rotational motion (when the molecule spins like a top)


title: Molecular vibrations

text: A vibrational motion for a molecule is when the bonds between atoms within a molecule move. Think of the atoms as round balls that are attached by a spring that can stretch back and forth. An example of this motion is "stretching", the simplest example of a vibration for a molecule and occurs between just two atoms. Some examples of molecules that are like this include hydrogen H, nitrogen N and oxygen O


title: Molecular vibrations

text: If the molecule has more than two atoms, then things get more complicated. Suppose just one more atom is added so now there are three atoms like in water HO where the two hydrogen atoms are both attached to the central oxygen atom. Remember with hydrogen there was one kind of stretching, but in water there are two kinds of stretching and four other kinds of vibration called bending vibrations as shown below.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: The atoms in a CH group or molecules like water can vibrate in six different ways: symmetric and antisymmetric stretching, scissoring, rocking, wagging and twisting:


title: Molecular vibrations

text: symmetric stretching: when the two attached atoms move away and toward the central atom at the same time.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: antisymmetric stretching: When the two attached atoms do not move away and toward the central atom at the same time.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: rocking: This motion is like a pendulum on a clock going back and forth only here an atom is the pendulum and there are two instead of one.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: wagging: If a person holds up their hand in front of them and puts there two fingers in a "V" sign and bend there wrist toward and away from them. Here the tips of the fingers are the attached atoms and the wrist is the central atom.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: twisting: This motion is like a person is walking on a treadmill where their waist is the central atom and their feet are the two attached atoms


title: Molecular vibrations

text: Molecules with more than three atoms are even more complicated and have even more vibrations which are sometimes called "vibrational modes". Each new vibrational mode is basically a different combination of the six shown above. The more atoms in the molecule the more ways they can be combined. For most molecules with N atoms the number of possible vibrations for that molecule is 3N - 6 while linear molecules, or molecules with there atoms in a straight line, have 3N-5 vibrational modes.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: Using Newtonian mechanics the vibrations of a molecule can be calculated by treating the bonds like springs. This is useful because like a spring, a bond requires energy to stretch it out and it also takes energy to squeeze it together. The energy needed to stretch or squeeze the bond is dependent on the stiffness of the bond, which is represented by the "spring constant" k, and the reduced mass, or "center of mass" of the two atoms attached to either end denoted by "μ". The formula used to relate the energy needed to cause a vibration in the bond is:


title: Molecular vibrations

text: ν: is frequency and represents the rate at which the bond is squished together and pulled apart again. The larger ν the faster this rate becomes.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: "μ": The reduce mass is the two masses of the atoms multiplied together and divided by their addition:


title: Molecular vibrations

text: Using quantum mechanics, the formula that describes the spring is exactly the same as the Newtonian mechanics version except only certain energies or energy levels are allowed. Think of the energy levels as steps on a ladder where a person can only go up or down one rung at a time. Just as that person can't stand on the space between rungs so the bond can not have an energy between energy levels. This new formula becomes:


title: Molecular vibrations

text: The statement that energy levels can only go up or down one level at a time is known as a selection rule which states that the only allowed transitions between energy levels are:


title: Molecular vibrations

text: When light of a certain frequency hits a molecule that has a vibration whose motion corresponds to the same frequency then the light gets absorbed into the molecule and the energy from the light causes the bonds to move in that specific vibrational motion. By checking for light that gets absorbed, scientists can tell if a certain kind of molecular bond is there and match it against a list of molecules that have that bond.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: However, some molecules like helium and argon have only one atom and don't have any bonds. This means that they won't absorb any light in the same way a molecule with more than one atom can.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: The specific fields of chemistry that use molecular vibrations in their studies include infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Raman spectroscopy (Raman) with IR being more widely used and having three subfields of its own. These subfields are known as Near IR, Mid IR and Far IR spectroscopy. The following is a general list of these fields and real world applications


title: Molecular vibrations

text: Near IR: quantitative determination of species such as proteins, fats, low low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and water. Further use is obtained in the agricultural products, food, petroleum and chemical industries


title: Molecular vibrations

text: Mid IR:The most popular of the IR fields, is used in determining structure of organic and biochemical compounds.


title: Molecular vibrations

text: Raman: Is used for the qualitative and quantitative study of inorganic, organic and biological systems often as a complimentary technique to IR.


title: Migraine

text: A migraine is a medical condition which usually causes a pounding, throbbing headache on one side of the head. The pain may be very bad and hurt so much that a person may have a hard time doing anything. While most people who have migraines get a headache, not everyone does. There are different kinds of migraines, and some do not cause a headache but do have other symptoms.


title: Migraine

text: Most migraines cause a headache and nausea and might make the person dizzy or very sensitive to bright lights or loud noises. Some people have "auras" before a migraine starts, which means their ability to see becomes different. They may see funny patterns, have blurry vision, or may not be able to see at all. Other senses can change before or during a migraine, and the person may sense funny smells or tastes. Migraines can last a long time. Migraines usually last between four and 72 hours.


title: Migraine

text: Migraines have been classified, based on how often they happen in a month: If a person has a headache for less than fifteen days, the migraine is called "episodic migraine" (EM). If it happens more than fifteen days, it is called "chronic migraine" (CM). Chronic means it happens over a long amount of time. Some people who start off getting episodic migraines may start to get "chronic migraines" later. Chronic migraine then may "revert" or go back to episodic migraine.


title: Migraine

text: Scientists have discovered that something called CGRP is the cause of migraines. CGRP stands for "calcitonin gene-related peptide". CGRP is a protein that causes migraines when it is released around the brain. What CGRP does, is that it causes a lot of inflammation in the meninges, a covering above the brain.


title: Migraine

text: There are different risk factors which make a person more likely to have migraines. Being a female is a risk factor, and so is having family members who had migraines. For a person who has migraines, there are different trigger factors which may set off a migraine attack. In a large group of females who have migraines, one of the main trigger factors is when the amount of the hormone estrogen in their body either drops too low or "fluctuates" (goes up and down).


title: Migraine

text: The World Health Organization says that migraine headache is the most costly brain problem for treatment and disability in the European Union and the United States.


title: Migraine

text: "Childhood periodic syndromes" are a group of migraine syndromes that children may have. When a child has one of these child periodic syndromes there is a greater chance that they will get one of the other, more common types of migraines when they become adults.


title: Migraine

text: Abdominal migraine is a kind of migraine which causes a very bad pain in the area of the abdomen, usually around the 'belly-button' which is called the "periumbilical area". Abdominal migraine usually affects children starting at about age 7, but it may affect younger children and older children, and it may also sometimes affect adults.


title: Migraine

text: Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (BPVC for short): (this means harmless dizziness, that happens again and again and happens suddenly) is a medical condition which occurs in children usually starting between two and five years of age; it often disappears by the age of eight. BPVC causes vertigo.


title: Migraine

text: Cyclic vomiting syndrome or cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS), is a medical condition whose main symptoms are nausea and repeated vomiting. CVS happens more often in children, but it can occur at any age.


title: Migraine

text: Episodic migraine (EM) is when a person has migraine symptoms for 14 days or less in one month, while chronic migraine (CM) is when a person has migraine symptoms for 15 or more days in one month. When compared to persons with episodic migraine, those with CM where less likely to have full-time jobs and had a larger risk of headache-related disability. Persons with CM are almost twice as likely to have anxiety, chronic pain, and/or depression; they also have a 40% greater chance of having heart disease and angina and are 70% more likely to have a history of stroke.


title: Migraine

text: About 7.68% of total migraine cases are chronic migraines and about 1% of people in the United States have CM, with a higher rate among females, middle-aged people, and in those households that had the lowest annual income. (The American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study)


title: Migraine

text: Aura (from the Greek word for breeze) is the word used to describe a series of neurological symptoms that may begin before an epileptic seizure or a migraine headache. About 15% of people who have a migraine will have the kind with an aura. The symptoms may include visual problems such as "scotomas" (losing vision for a short time, seeing zig-zag lines or floating spots etc.), vertigo, a ringing noise in the ears (tinnitus) and problems speaking.


title: Migraine

text: Scotoma (came from the Greek word for darkness: "skotos"): a "blind spot" or area of reduced vision surrounded by a normal visual field. i.e.: A person can see normally except where the scotoma is. Scotomas may affect one or both eyes and be either and be either "absolute" where nothing can be seen within the scotoma or, "relative" with some ability to see within the area of the scotoma.


title: Migraine

text: Scotomas may also have different patterns and shapes like the "fortification" scotoma; it is called fortification because it looks like the outline of an old fort. Scotomas can start of small and then get bigger, move around to different parts of a person's visual field, and they can also look like flickering lights.


title: Migraine

text: In medicine a "factor" is a substance, a condition or an activity, or a lack thereof that increases the chance of a certain outcome or condition happening. If it increases the chance of something unhealthy it is a "risk factor". A "trigger factor" or 'trigger' for short is a factor that may cause an activity or the signs and/or symptoms of a medical condition to begin.


title: Migraine

text: There are no specific tests to diagnose migraine but a doctor may use different tests to rule out other causes for a person's symptoms. The diagnosis of migraine is a "clinical diagnosis" which means it is based upon a person's "medical history" that a person reports to the doctor. The medical history for a possible migraine diagnosis which can be called the "headache history" includes information such as:


title: Migraine

text: "Differential diagnoses" are different medical disorders which may cause the same symptoms. Before a doctor makes a "final diagnosis", which means they are sure of what medical disorder is causing the problem, they think of what other medical conditions have the same or almost the same symptoms, and make sure it's not one of them.


title: Migraine

text: Often, having one medical condition makes it more likely a person will also have one or more other medical or psychiatric disorders. These other disorders are the "comorbid disorders" or "comorbidities". There are various comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions associated with migraines. The treatment and "prognosis" (if a disease gets better, worse or stays the same over time) of migraine is affected by the comorbid disorders which may be present and/or the chance of getting comorbid disorders.<br>


title: Migraine

text: In medicine, a complication is a problem that happens because of, a procedure (like surgery), treatment (like medication), or illness (like migraines).


title: Migraine

text: In medicine "epidemiology" is the study of what causes diseases and medical conditions, how often they happen, where they happen and who they happen to.


title: Migraine

text: Migraine is more common among boys than girls until the beginning of puberty when girls start getting migraines more often than boys. By the later part of the teenage years girls get migraines almost twice as much as boys do. The number of people who get migraines is highest between the ages of 25 to 55 years in both men and women, after which, the risk of getting migraines get lower as a person gets older.


title: Migraine

text: Between 65-75% of adult migraine sufferers are women and of these women, about two-thirds have menstrual migraines. Migraines are more common in people who make less money, there may be different reasons why such as stress.


title: Migraine

text: About two-thirds of migraines are migraines without aura and the remaining one-third of cases are migraine with aura.


title: Migraine

text: Symptoms that mimic those of migraines have been recorded in various cultures throughout written history. The first known mention was found on cuneiform tablets from Babylonia dating to 2000-1880 B.C.E. A treatment for migraine can be found in the "Ebers Papyrus", an Ancient Egyptian medical text named after George Ebers, the German Eygptologist who discovered them. In the ancient text dated to 1552 B.C.E. migraine is refereed to as "suffering in half the head".


title: Migraine

text: The Ancient Greek physician Aretaeus of Cappadocia's description of a type of headache he dubbed "heterocrania" is considered a description of migraine.


title: Mirandese language

text: The Mirandese language or "lhéngua mirandesa" is an Astur-Leonese language or language variety that is sparsely spoken in a small area of northeastern Portugal in Terra de Miranda (made up of the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso).


title: Mirandese language

text: The Assembly of the Republic granted it official recognition alongside Portuguese for local matters on 17 September 1998 with the law 7/99 of 29 January 1999. In 2001, Mirandese was officially recognised by the European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages, which aims to promote the survival of the least spoken European languages.


title: Mirandese language

text: Mirandese has a distinct phonology, morphology and syntax. It has its roots in the local Vulgar Latin spoken in the northern Iberian Peninsula.


title: Mirandese language

text: Mirandese is a descendant of the Astur-Leonese variety spoken in the Kingdom of León and has both archaisms and innovations that differentiate it from the modern varieties of Astur-Leonese spoken in Spain. In recognition of these differences, and due to its political isolation from the rest of the Astur-Leonese speaking territory, Mirandese has adopted a different written norm to the one used in Spain for Astur-Leonese.


title: Regions of Italy

text: Italy is a country in the south of Europe. It is divided into 20 regions. A region is a part of the country with a government and a president.


title: Futurism

text: Futurism was a modern art and social movement which originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, theatre, movies, fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture and even gastronomy.


title: Regions of Italy

text: In Italy, regions can decide some things. They can give money to local business. They can decide some things about hospitals, schools, and transport.


title: Futurism

text: The founder of Futurism and its most influential personality was the Italian writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Marinetti launched the movement in his "Futurist Manifesto", which he published for the first time on 5 February 1909 in "La gazzetta dell'Emilia". This article was reprinted in the French daily newspaper "Le Figaro" on 20 February 1909. Marinetti was soon joined by the painters Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Giacomo Balla, Gino Severini and the composer Luigi Russolo.


title: Regions of Italy

text: In some regions, people speak other languages. In Alto Adige/Südtirol a lot of people speak mainly German. So this region is "special" and can decide more things.


title: Futurism

text: Marinetti expressed a passionate loathing of everything old, especially political and artistic tradition. "We want no part of it, the past", he wrote, "we the young and strong "Futurists!"" The Futurists admired speed, technology, youth and violence, the car, the airplane and the industrial city, all that represented the technological triumph of humanity over nature, and they were passionate nationalists. They repudiated the cult of the past and all imitation, praised originality, "however daring, however violent", bore proudly "the smear of madness", dismissed art critics as useless, rebelled against harmony and good taste, swept away all the themes and subjects of all previous art, and gloried in science.


title: Regions of Italy

text: Sardinia and Sicily are islands. They have different problems than other regions. They have also some different laws.


title: Futurism

text: Publishing manifestos was a feature of Futurism, and the Futurists (usually led or prompted by Marinetti) wrote them on many topics, including painting, architecture, religion, clothing and cooking.


title: Futurism

text: The founding manifesto did not contain a positive artistic programme. The Futurists attempted to create it in their subsequent "Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting". This committed them to a "universal dynamism", which was to be directly represented in painting.


title: Futurism

text: In practice, much of their work was influenced by Cubism, and indeed their images "were" more dynamic than those of Picasso and Braque. The phrase 'plastic dynamism' has been used to describe their early work.


title: Futurism

text: One of the greatest patrons and financier of Futurism in Milan was the business magnante Antonio Bernocchi, he was also the creator and producer of the first example of Italian industrial design, inspired by futurism, that became known as ""Luminator Bernocchi"".


title: Futurism

text: Many Italian Futurists supported Fascism in the hope of modernizing the country. Italy was divided between the industrial north and the rural, archaic South. Like the Fascists, the Futurists were Italian nationalists, radicals, admirers of violence, and were opposed to parliamentary democracy. Marinetti was one of the first members of the National Fascist Party. He soon found the Fascists were not radical enough for him, but he supported Italian Fascism until his death in 1944.


title: Futurism

text: The Futurists' association with Fascism after its triumph in 1922 brought them official acceptance in Italy and the ability to carry out important work, especially in architecture. After the Second World War, many Futurist artists had difficulty in their careers because of their association with a defeated and discredited regime.


title: Futurism

text: Futurism influenced many other twentieth century art movements, including Art Deco, Vorticism, Constructivism, Surrealism and Dadaism. Futurism was, like science fiction, in part overtaken by 'the future'.


title: Futurism

text: Nonetheless, the ideals of futurism remain as part of modern Western culture: the emphasis on youth, speed, power and technology is expressed in much of modern cinema and culture. Ridley Scott used design ideas of Sant'Elia in "Blade Runner".


title: Futurism

text: Echoes of Marinetti's thought, especially his "dreamt-of metallization of the human body", are still strongly prevalent in Japanese culture, and surface in manga/anime and the works of artists such as Shinya Tsukamoto, director of the ""Tetsuo"" (lit. "Ironman") films.


title: Futurism

text: Futurism influenced the literary genre of cyberpunk. Artists who came to prominence in the first flush of the internet, such as Stelarc and Mariko Mori, produced work influenced by Futurist ideas. A revival of sorts of the Futurist movement began in 1988 with the creation of the Neo-Futurist style of theatre in Chicago, which uses Futurism's focus on speed and brevity to create a new form of immediate theatre. There are active Neo-Futurist troupes in Chicago, New York, and Montreal.


title: Marla Maples

text: Marla Maples (born October 27, 1963 near Dalton, Georgia) is an American movie actress and television personality. She is best known for her marriage to the businessman and President Donald Trump. She is a distant cousin of the actress Heather Locklear. She was born in Cohutta, Georgia.


title: Slave Power

text: Slave Power, also called the Slave Power conspiracy and Slaveocracy, was a term first coined by abolitionists in 1839 and was in common use by the 1850s. It referred to the economic, social and political influence held by slaveholders in the South. Southern slaveholders had a great deal power in Congress and many other federal offices up to and including the presidency. This is in spite of the fact they made up only a small minority of the population of the nation. These few very powerful men used their influence to maintain the institution of slavery. The fear in the North was that the slave power conspiracy intended to not only to spread slavery to the Western territories but to all the states in the North.


title: Slave Power

text: Slavery in America began in the English colony of Jamestown in 1619. It started with the purchase of 20 Africans from an English warship named the "White Lyon." The Colonists in the Virginia Colony bought the contracts of the Africans as indentured servants. Not long after this it became a custom to hold slaves for life in the colonies. During the 17th and 18th centuries, slaves were used to raise crops of tobacco and food crops. After the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became the most important crop. At this point slavery became a critical part of the South's economy.


title: Slave Power

text: By the late 1850s, there was a widespread belief that a slaveholding oligarchy ran the country. That they ran it for their own benefit to spread slavery was also a popular belief. It was what Abraham Lincoln and the new Republican Party used to gain political power. It was also popular among conspiracy theorists, which pro-slavery opponents tried to use to discredit the idea. But it was members of the Free Soil Party in the 1840s and the Republicans in the 1850s that gave Slave Power its credibility. On March 12, 1857, the Cincinnati Daily Commercial published an article about Slave Power. The article called the United States "one great homogeneous slave-holding community" and that slavery had removed all state boundaries. It charged that Slave Power had three objectives. These were: to reopen the slave trade; to extend slavery to the entire country and beyond; and to make the white man a slave to the slave-holding Southern aristocracy and the Northern capitalists.


title: Slave Power

text: After 1850, Southern slaveholders had been lobbying for the reopening of the slave trade. So that charge seemed valid. Abolitionists had ample evidence Slave Power wanted to extend slavery to all the states and even the hemisphere. The third claim, that white men would become slaves to the Slave Power was harder to prove even though many believed it was true.


title: Slave Power

text: Those who defended slavery had a number of arguments to justify the institution. They said it would destroy the economy of the South. Without slave labor they could not raise cotton, tobacco or rice. Freeing the slaves would cause widespread unemployment, it would lead to uprisings, bloodshed and complete chaos. They pointed to the French Revolution as an example. They pointed out slavery had existed all through history. It was in the Bible and even Abraham had slaves. Their legal argument pointed to the Supreme Court of the United States who decided in "Dred Scott v. Sandford" (1857) that blacks were not citizens but were property.


title: Slave Power

text: Southern plantations could be extremely profitable. Sources differ as to just how profitable they were. According to one source, between 1770–1860, land was abundant and easy to obtain making it virtually worthless by itself. It was hard to get rich by just owning land. The Southern elite got very wealthy by owning the labor force that produced the crops on the land. The value of the slaves themselves equaled between one and two years of the entire national income of the United States. When you consider that only a small minority held slaves and that it was limited to the Southern United States, slaves were the real wealth.


title: Slave Power

text: A study by Alfred Conrad and John Meyer computed the rate of return for "slave capital". They calculated that slave ownership was at least equal to other forms of investments and higher than most. Slave ownership alone could return as high as 13% per year while railroad bonds would return 6–8%.


title: Slave Power

text: The slave trade was banned in the United States after January 1, 1808. Slave ownership was still legal, but no more African slaves could be brought into the country. Until that time slave traders had become very wealthy by transporting slaves.


title: Slave Power

text: Examples of the enormous wealth of Southern slave owners includes Joshua John Ward of Georgetown County, South Carolina. He owned 1,130 slaves and controlled six large plantations. In 1850, he grew of rice earning his nickname as the "King of the Rice Planters". Another was Stephen Duncan. He was the wealthiest cotton planter before the Civil War. Over his lifetime he owned more than 2,000 slaves. He owned 15 plantations, the largest one used 858 slaves.


title: Slave Power

text: The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was a large political concession given to the South. It created a new commission that acted similar to the United States Marshals Service but with several differences. They were paid a reward by the federal government for each slave (or those who were claimed to be slaves) that was captured. They quickly became the largest federal employer at the time. The new act was anything but pro-States' rights as Northern state laws were ignored. There was no due process of law. In short, the Fugitive Slave act gave Southern states the power over the laws of Northern states by using the federal government to do their bidding.


title: Slave Power

text: The Act of 1850 alarmed Northerners both black and white. Free blacks had much to fear about being kidnapped and finding themselves a captive slave in the South. Northern whites were alarmed because their communities were being assaulted by slave hunters. Northerners saw this as proof positive of a Slave Power conspiracy that was threatening their liberty.