title: Low-level programming language

text: In computer science, a low-level programming language is a programming language that involves knowledge of both computer hardware and the coding used to make the computer hardware do actions. The advantage of low-level programming languages compared to high-level programming languages is that they can directly communicate with the computer hardware to do actions. There is less need for an interpreter to convert programming languages into code that the computer understands. Low-level programming languages require knowledge of the hardware to make the most of what the hardware can do. The term "low-level" usually refers to assembly language.


title: Kamakura period

text: The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate. Imperial rule was re-established under Emperor Go-Daigo.


title: Low-level programming language

text: A programming language can be called "low-level" because the actions the code describes are close to the computer hardware. A "high-level" language can be seen as "far away" or "high above" the computer hardware and closer to the programmer.


title: Low-level programming language

text: What determines a programming language as "low-level" depends on how much the programming language relies on hardware knowledge. Programming languages that require more knowledge about computer hardware are called "low-level" programming languages. It doesn't matter whether a programming language is considered easy to learn or not.


title: Low-level programming language

text: Rather than focus on what the program will output regardless of computer hardware, low-level programming languages deal directly at the computer hardware. Low-level programming languages will aim at what the hardware will actually do to make the actions that have been programmed. An interpreter is required to translate high-level programming language for low-level programming languages to tell the hardware what to do.


title: Low-level programming language

text: Low-level programming languages often use more technical code that is clearer for the hardware to understand. Low-level programming languages are generally harder to do than high-level programming languages due to how technical the syntax is (i.e. the structure of the coding is difficult to understand because of how complex it is).


title: Jennifer Grey

text: Jennifer Grey (born March 26, 1960) is an American actress. She was known for her roles in the 1980s movie such as "Ferris Bueller's Day Off" and "Dirty Dancing". She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Her father is actor Joel Grey.


title: Jennifer Grey

text: Grey was born on March 26, 1960 in New York City, New York to Joel Gray and to Jo Wilder. She studied at Dalton School. Grey was also romantically involved with actors Michael J. Fox, Johnny Depp, William Baldwin and then-aide to President Clinton, George Stephanopoulos. Grey married Clark Gregg in 2001. They have one daughter, Stella. They divorced in 2021.


title: Jennifer Grey

text: In the early 1990s, Grey had two rhinoplasty procedures—the second of which was necessary to correct problems stemming from the first. Even even close friends to fail to recognize her, and the major change in her appearance hurt her career. Of the experience she said, "I went in the operating room a celebrity—and came out anonymous. It was like being in a witness protection program or being invisible."


title: Jennifer Grey

text: From March 1999 until January 2000, Grey starred as herself in the short-lived ABC sitcom "It's Like, You Know...", which used her much-publicized 'nose job' as a running gag.


title: Jennifer Grey

text: In the 2010 season eleven of "Dancing With the Stars" she was partnered with professional dancer Derek Hough. They won the competition.


title: Pickling

text: Pickling is a method of making food last longer. In pickling, the food is put either into vinegar, or in salt water (called brine). This food is often put in an airtight jar. Pickling also changes the flavour of the food.


title: Pickling

text: The key to pickling is that it produces low pH, 4.6 or lower. This kills most bacteria. Pickling can preserve perishable foods for months. Anti-microbial herbs and spices, such as mustard seed, garlic, cinnamon or cloves, are often added.


title: AZERTY

text: AZERTY is a keyboard layout. It is very similar to the QWERTY keyboard layout. It is mainly used in France and Belgium.


title: AZERTY

text: It is almost the same as the QWERTY keyboard, but it swaps the letter Q and A, as well as W and Z. The letter M is moved from right to N to the position of the semicolon on QWERTY keyboards.


title: Taiwan independence movement

text: The Taiwan independence movement is a political movement which supports an independent and sovereign Taiwanese state. People who support this movement are against the idea of "Two Chinas" or Taiwan being part of China.


title: SCP Foundation

text: The SCP Foundation is a fictional organization. It is a collection of the internet-based fiction project of the same name. The SCP Foundation is responsible for locating and containing individuals, aliens, locations, and objects that violate natural law. The SCP Foundation have created games and writings that were horror, science fiction, and urban fantasy.


title: Taiwan independence movement

text: Currently, Taiwan's political status is mixed. China says it is a province of the People's Republic of China. Taiwan and other islands are currently under the control of the Republic of China (ROC), a country that has official diplomatic relations with and is recognized by 13 United Nations-recognized countries. Today, Taiwan says it is already an independent country, and therefore does not have to push for any sort of formal independence.


title: Hal Smith (actor)

text: Harold John Smith, known as Hal Smith (August 24, 1916 – January 28, 1994) was an American actor and voice actor who was best known for his role as Otis Campbell, the town drunk on CBS's "The Andy Griffith Show". He served in the US Army Air Corps in World War II. Before the Air Corps he was a band singer, a disc jockey, and a writer. After the war he moved to Hollywood. He was a voice actor for several cartoon shows. He also acted in various television roles. Smith appeared in several movies in the 1960s. During the 70s and 80s he worked for Disney and others, providing voices for cartoons. In 1994 he died of a heart attack at the age of 77.


title: Geniocracy

text: Geniocracy is a kind of government. In this system, very intelligent people, geniuses, control the country. Supporters of this kind of government believe that if the smartest people rule, it will be good for the people. Scientists and sociologists would run the country using their good ideas.


title: Prophylaxis (chess)

text: Prophylaxis is a term in chess, as well as being a general idea. It was introduced by the grandmaster Aaron Nimzovich in his book "My system" in the 1920s. The term refers to actions taken by a player to anticipate and thwart the opponent's plans, and moves of these type are often called "prophylactic moves".


title: Prophylaxis (chess)

text: One simple example of a prophylactic move is when a player moves a rook's pawn forward h3 or h6 to prevent a back rank mate, and at the same time prevent an enemy bishop or knight from occupying g4 or g5. In the example, mate was not an issue, but h3 was still played by world champion Karpov.


title: Prophylaxis (chess)

text: Other examples are so subtle that club players would probably never think about them as possible moves. In the second example Nimzovich himself was playing black. In general, he wanted to turn his KP into a passed pawn by advancing it. However, the direct ...e5 does not work well, because the black king gets pushed back:


title: WASSCE

text: The West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) is a type of exam in West Africa. It is made by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC). It is only given to students who live in the five English-speaking West African countries: Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, The Gambia and Liberia


title: WASSCE

text: The grades below are given on the WASSCE certificates for the students who finished their exams. They also depend on how well the students did in their exams.


title: Köbes

text: A Köbes (pronounced like 'kur-bess') is a waiter in traditional pubs in the Rhineland part of Germany, especially in Cologne, Düsseldorf and Krefeld.


title: Köbes

text: A Köbes wears a blue apron and blue jacket and has a big leather belt with a leather purse. He serves beer and food to guests and replaces empty beer glasses with full ones until the customer either places a beermat on his glass to signal that he doesn't want any more, or until the customer asks to pay.


title: Stayin' Alive

text: "Stayin' Alive" is a disco song by the Bee Gees from the "Saturday Night Fever" motion picture soundtrack. The song was written by the Bee Gees members (Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb) and produced by the Bee Gees, Albhy Galuten, and Karl Richardson.


title: Stayin' Alive

text: It was released on 13 December 1977 as the second single from the "Saturday Night Fever" soundtrack. It is one of their signature songs. In 2004, "Stayin' Alive" was placed at number 189 on the list of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 2004, it ranked No. 9 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In a UK television poll on ITV in December 2011 it was voted fifth in "The Nation's Favourite Bee Gees Song".


title: Stayin' Alive

text: On its release, "Stayin' Alive" climbed the charts to hit the number one spot on the "Billboard" Hot 100 the week of 4 February 1978, remaining there for four weeks. In the process, it became one of the band's most recognisable tunes, in part because of its place at the beginning of "Saturday Night Fever". In the US, it would become the second of six consecutive number-one singles, tying the record with the Beatles for most consecutive number ones in the US at the time (a record broken by Whitney Houston who achieved seven consecutive number-ones).


title: Katowice

text: Katowice (pronounce: , also known as "Kattowitz" in German) is a city in Poland. It is in the south of Poland in the historical region called Silesia on Kłodnica and Rawa river. It received city rights in 1865. Between 1953 and 1956 Katowice had the name Stalinogród - "Stalin City". It was given by the polish communists. There are about 315,123 people living there. The mayor of the city is Marcin Krupa. For a long period of time the city was ruled by Germans, as it was a part of Germany until 1918. There is a little airport called "Airport Muchowiec". There are both modern and old buildings in Katowice. It was the center of the coal mining and metallurgy.


title: Georgian people

text: The Georgians are a Caucasian ethnic group that come from Georgia. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America.


title: Georgian people

text: The majority of Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christian. They mostly go by the national autocephalous Georgian Orthodox Church, which started in the 4th century. There are also Georgian Catholic and Muslim communities in Tbilisi and Adjara. Located in Caucasus at the edge of Europe, the Georgian people have tried to keep their Christian identity. There is a lot of pressure from the neighboring Muslim empires.


title: Lansing, Michigan

text: Lansing is the capital city of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is about 1 to 2 hours west of Detroit. It is in the center of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.


title: Ravenna

text: Ravenna is a city and "comune" in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna once was the seat of the Western Roman Empire and later the Ostrogothic kingdom. It is presently the capital of the province of Ravenna. At 652.89 km² (252.08 sq mi), Ravenna is the second-largest "comune" in land area in Italy, although it is only a little more than half the size of the largest, Rome.


title: Sirius

text: Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. It is a binary star system in Canis Major, near Orion. It has an apparent magnitude of −1.46. The system is between 200 and years old. It was originally composed of two bright bluish stars.


title: Sirius

text: Sirius appears bright because of its intrinsic luminosity and its position (it is relatively close to Earth). At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 ly), the Sirius system is one of Earth's near neighbours.


title: Sirius

text: The Egyptians called this star 'Sopdet'. They relied on it to predict when the flood season would start. Sirius is sometimes called the Dog Star. The phrase "the dog days of summer" means the hottest days of summer.


title: Sirius

text: Sirius A is about twice as massive as the Sun and has an absolute magnitude of 1.42. It is 25 times more luminous than the Sun, but has a significantly lower luminosity than other bright stars such as Canopus or Rigel.


title: Sirius

text: Originally, Sirius B had about five times the mass of the Sun. and was a B-type star (roughly B4–5) when it still was on the main sequence.


title: Sirius

text: Sirius B used up its resources and became a red giant. Then it shed its outer layers and collapsed into its present state as a white dwarf, about years ago. Its mass now is about the same as the Sun.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: Pyrénées-Orientales (English: "Eastern Pyrenees"; ; ) is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France; it is next to the northern Spanish border and the Mediterranean Sea.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: The department is formed by the historically Catalan-speaking area of Rosillon (with its different parts: Roussillon (modern), Haute Cerdagne (or simply Cerdagne), Conflent, Vallespir and Capcir) and Fenouillèdes, an historically Occitan-speaking area.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: Before 1659, most of the present department was part of the former Principality of Catalonia, within the Kingdom of Spain, so historically most of it has been Catalan-speaking, and it is still sometimes referred to as Northern Catalonia.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: Pyrénées-Orientales was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Pyrénées-Orientales was formed by the province of Roussillon and Fenouillèdes (), a small piece of territory which had formerly been on the southern edge of Languedoc.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: Pyrénées-Orientales has an area of . It has the department of Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, Spain to the south, and Andorra and the department of Ariège to the west.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: The department is dominated by the Pyrenees mountain range. The highest mountain is Pic Carlit () that is high. The best known mountain in the department is Le Canigou () that is high.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: There are three main rivers in the department: from north to south, Agly, Têt (the largest river of the department) and Tech; the Agly has its source in the Corbières hills, in the southern part of the Aude department. The other two river has their sources in the Pyrenees. The three rivers flow into the eastern Plain of Roussillon before they flow into the Mediterranean Sea.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: Most of the population and agricultural production are concentrated in the Plain of Roussillon, with only 30% of the area.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: Llívia is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain, that forms a Spanish exclave surrounded by French territory.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: The département is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales" in Perpignan. The Pyrénées-Orientales is part of the region of Occitanie.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: The area is traditionally divided into comarques, of which five (French Cerdagne, Capcir, Conflent, Roussillon and Vallespir) are historically Catalan-speaking and one (Fenouillèdes) is historically Occitan-speaking.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 226 "communes" (municipalities) in the Pyrénées-Orientales.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Pyrénées-Orientales department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: Pyrénées-Orientales has a population, in 2014, of 466,327, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Perpignan, with 349,959 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Ceret and Prades, have respectively 73,192 and 43,176 inhabitants.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: The only important city is Perpignan with 120,605 people living there in 2012. The subprefectures Céret and Prades have 7,663 and 5,927, respectively.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: The inhabitants of Pyrénées-Orientales are known, in French, as "Pyrénaliens" (women: "Pyrénaliennes") or "Catalans" (women: "Catalanes").


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: French is spoken by almost all the population. Minority languages in the region are Catalan and Occitan, which between them are estimated to be spoken by rather more than a quarter of the population and understood by more than 40%.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: On 10 December 2007, the "Departamental Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales" recognized Catalan as a regional language of the department, though French is still the only official language in France, according to the Constitution.


title: Pyrénées-Orientales

text: The area is famous for its wine with the predominately red grape varieties grown all over the department.


title: Parabola

text: A parabola is a type of curve. Menaechmus (380–320 BC) discovered the parabola, and Apollonius of Perga (262 BC–c190 BC) first named it.


title: Parabola

text: A parabola is a conic section. If a cone is cut by a plane which is parallel to one of the surfaces of the cone, the result is a parabola.


title: Parabola

text: The point where the parabola reaches its maximum or minimum is called the "vertex." At this point the curvature of the parabola is greatest. This means the curve of the parabola is the tightest. The vertical line which passes through a parabola's vertex is called the "axis of symmetry". This is because the parabola looks the same on either side of that line.


title: Parabola

text: Each parabola has a focal point. Any ray that enters the parabola and is parallel to the axis of symmetry will pass through this point after being reflected by the curve. Because of this fact, parabolas are important in devices such as satellite dishes, or magnifying mirrors. Parabolas are often used to approximate curves that are more difficult to model by themselves.


title: Parabola

text: Every parabola uses the equation formula_1, where formula_2, formula_3 and formula_4 are constants, and formula_2 is not equal to formula_6.


title: Ludwigshafen

text: Ludwigshafen am Rhein (literally: "Ludwigshafen on the Rhine"), commonly referred to as "Ludwigshafen", is a City in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. and to Mannheim the second largest city of the Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar.


title: H. P. Lovecraft

text: Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of fantasy, horror and science fiction.


title: Ludwigshafen

text: Ludwigshafen is independent of the local district government, but is administrative seat of the surrounding district.


title: H. P. Lovecraft

text: He wrote many scary short stories. These often were about odd creatures that Lovecraft made up by himself or with his friends, including August Derleth, who wrote mysteries. The creatures did not really care about human people at all, so they were not out to hurt people, but if they did, they did not care. They looked at us like we would be ants. Their behaviour, attitude and look also tended to make people go crazy.


title: Ludwigshafen

text: As one of the five upper centers of the country Rhineland-Palatinate Ludwigshafen forms the core of the European Metropolregion Rhine Neckar triangle together with its neighbour city of Baden-Wuerttemberg Mannheim. Further nearer-lying large cities are Heidelberg (about 25 km southeast), Karlsruhe (about 50 km south) and Mainz (about 60 km north).


title: H. P. Lovecraft

text: Lovecraft's stories were inspiration for lots of other authors.The spirit of his works, presenting a world that does not care, is present in many works of fiction.


title: Ludwigshafen

text: The number of people of the city of Ludwigshafen on the Rhine exceeded the 100,000 by the year 1925. Nowadays it has about 160,000 people, who lives mostly on the chemical industry.


title: H. P. Lovecraft

text: Lovecraft was born in Providence, Rhode Island on August 20, 1890. He was the only child in the family. He died of small intestine cancer there.


title: Heilbronn

text: Heibronn ( ]; , local dialect: "Hallbrunn", "Haalbrunn") is a city in Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. With about 117,000 people, Heilbronn is the sixth largest town in Baden-Württemberg.


title: Candela

text: A candela is the SI base unit of luminous intensity. It measures how bright something is. It is one of the basic units of science. A light bulb is bright, but the Sun is much brighter, so the Sun has more candelas than the light bulb.


title: Heilbronn

text: Heilbronn is also on the river Neckar and is known for the wine which was grown in their region and the Kätchen a famous sign.


title: Candela

text: The frequency chosen for measuring candelas is in the visible spectrum near green. This is a wavelength of about 555 nanometres. The human eye is most sensitive to this frequency, when adapted for bright conditions.


title: Skepticism

text: Skepticism or scepticism (Greek "skeptomai": to consider, to examine) refers to any view involving "doubt".


title: Skepticism

text: Skepticism is not just a belief that something is incorrect. It is a system of thought which acts against superstitions and rumours. Characteristic of skepticism is the attitude that any statement is judged on the evidence for or against its truth.


title: Skepticism

text: The Greek Sophists of the 5th century BC, such as Protagoras of Abdera (480–411 BC), were mostly skeptics. Gorgias (485–380 BC) said, "Nothing exists; if anything does exist, it cannot be known; if anything exists and can be known, it cannot be communicated". In the 4th century BC Pyrrho of Elis (c360–275 BC), who travelled and studied as far as India, adopted practical skepticism. Carneades (c213–129 BC) disagreed that things were completely true or false. He criticized the Dogmatists, especially Stoics. He said that completely certain knowledge is impossible. Sextus Empiricus (c200 AD), the main authority for Greek skepticism, brought together empiricism into the basis for stating knowledge.


title: Skepticism

text: Skepticism comes from Asian philosophy, too. The Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi (c369–c286 BC) said that what seems real could be just a dream. In Indian philosophy, the Cārvāka school thought that we should neither try to infer knowledge nor trust what other people tell us. In Buddhism, Nāgārjuna said that nothing exists by itself, and that this idea is an important part of enlightenment.


title: Skepticism

text: The most important part of the argument is that unless we know "something" for certain, then we cannot know "anything". The interest lies in the way great philosophers have tried to solve this problem. Some, like Descartes, retreat into the mind: "I think, therefore I am". Others, such as the British empiricists John Locke and David Hume, would rely on our sense perception. Certain kinds of knowledge may be especially vulnerable to skepticism. For example, an agnostic believes people cannot get knowledge about supernatural things.


title: Skepticism

text: Skepticism is widely used as a method for research in science, and (with changes) in modern legal procedure. Here doubt, suspending judgement, careful investigation, testing and discussion come before any statement of facts. Sometimes the process takes years before consensus is reached. This systematic approach is called "methodological skepticism". It is probably the most important legacy of the skeptics.


title: Skepticism

text: In Islamic philosophy, philosophical skepticism was started by Al-Ghazali, known in the West as "Algazel", as a part of the orthodox Ash'ari school of Islamic theology. It has been said that Rene Descartes' ideas in "Discourse on the Method" may have been influenced by Al-Ghazli.


title: Ionization

text: Ionization is the physical process of giving or taking away electrons from an atom. That makes the atom into an ion, because ions have electrical charge.


title: Ionization

text: In the process of ionization, an electrically neutral atom becomes either positively or negatively charged. Some substances are easier to ionize than others. This depends on the ionization energy. Ionizing radiation is a common cause, but ionization can also be done artificially.


title: Weapon of mass destruction

text: Weapons of mass destruction are weapons that can cause a lot of damage to many people. In general, people see the following as weapons of mass destruction:


title: History of France

text: The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age. What is now France made up the most of the area known to the Romans as Gaul. Greek writers noted the presence of three main ethno-linguistic groups in the area: the Gauls, the Aquitani, and the Belgae. The Gauls, the largest group, were Celts that spoke what is known as the Gaulish language.


title: History of France

text: Over the course of the first millennium BC the Greeks, Romans and Carthaginians established colonies on the Mediterranean coast and the offshore islands. The Roman Republic conquered southern Gaul and added it as the province of Gallia Narbonensis in the late 2nd century BC. Roman Legions under Julius Caesar conquered the rest of Gaul in the Gallic Wars of 58–51 BC. After that, a Gallo-Roman culture came out and Gaul was more and more integrated into the Roman Empire.


title: History of France

text: In the later stages of the Roman Empire, Gaul was subject to barbarian sudden attacks and migration, most importantly by the Germanic Franks. The Frankish king Clovis I united most of Gaul under his rule in the late 5th century, preparing the conditions for Frankish control in the region for hundreds of years. Frankish power reached its fullest extent under Charlemagne. The medieval Kingdom of France came out from the western part of Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire, known as West Francia, and achieved increasing importance under the rule of the House of Capet, founded by Hugh Capet in 987.


title: History of France

text: A succession crisis following the death of the last direct Capetian king in 1328 led to the series of conflicts known as the Hundred Years' War between the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet. The war formally began in 1337 following Philip VI's attempt to grab and take control of the Duchy of Aquitaine from its holder, Edward III of England, the Plantagenet claimant to the French throne. Despite early Plantagenet victories, including the capture and ransom of John II of France, fortunes turned in favor of the Valois later in the war. Among the important figures of the war was Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl who led French forces against the English. The war ended with a Valois victory in 1453.


title: History of France

text: Victory in the Hundred Years' War had the effect of strengthening French nationalism and hugely increasing the power and reach of the French monarchy. During the "Ancien Régime" period over the next centuries, France changed into a centralized absolute monarchy through Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. At the height of the French Wars of Religion, France became involved in another succession crisis, as the last Valois king, Henry III, fought against rival groups the House of Bourbon and the House of Guise. Henry, the Bourbon King of Navarre, won the conflict and established the Bourbon dynasty. A growing worldwide colonial empire was established in the 16th century. French political power reached a high point under the rule of Louis XIV, "The Sun King".


title: History of France

text: In the late 18th century the monarchy and connected institutions were brought down in the French Revolution. The country was ruled for a period as a Republic, until Napoleon Bonaparte's French Empire was declared. Following his defeat in the Napoleonic Wars, France went through several further government changes, being ruled as a monarchy, then briefly as a Second Republic, and then as a Second Empire, until a more lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870.


title: History of France

text: France was one of the Triple Entente powers in World War I against Germany and the Central Powers. France was one of the Allied Powers in World War II, but was conquered by Nazi Germany in 1940. The Third Republic was taken apart, and most of the country was controlled directly by Germany while the south was controlled until 1942 by the collaborationist Vichy government. Living conditions were harsh as Germany drained away food and manpower, and many Jews were killed. The Free France movement that took over the colonial empire, and coordinated the wartime Resistance. Following liberation in 1944, the Fourth Republic was established. France slowly recovered, and enjoyed a baby boom that reversed its very low fertility rate. Long wars in Indochina and Algeria drained French resources and ended in political defeat. At the beginning of the 1958 Algerian Crisis, Charles de Gaulle set up the French Fifth Republic. Into the 1960s decolonization saw most of the French colonial empire become independent, while smaller parts were included into the French state as overseas departments and collectivities. Since World War II France has been a permanent member in the UN Security Council and NATO. It played a central role in the unification process after 1945 that led to the European Union. Despite slow economic growth in recent years, it remains a strong economic, cultural, military and political factor in the 21st century.


title: Amniote

text: Two super-groups make up the amniotes: the Synapsida (Pelycosaurs, Theriodonts and mammals) and the Sauropsida (all reptiles, including dinosaurs and birds).


title: Knossos

text: Knossos is a Bronze Age archaeological site on the island of Crete. It is at modern Heraklion. It may be Europe's oldest city.


title: Amniote

text: The embryos of amniotes are either laid as eggs or develop in the female. These embyros are protected by several membranes, and have a much larger food supply than amphibian eggs.


title: Knossos

text: Many Roman coins found on the site had 'Knosion' or 'Knos' on one side, and an image of a Minotaur or Labyrinth on the reverse. These are symbols from the myth of King Minos, supposed to have reigned at Knossos.


title: Amniote

text: The 'invention' of the cleidoic egg, and its embryonic membranes, is the main reason why the eggs of an amniote do not need to be laid in water.


title: Knossos

text: The excavations at Knossos began in 1900 by the English archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans (1851–1941) and his team. They worked there for 35 years. The palace was excavated and partly restored. It was large. The team discovered two ancient scripts, called Linear A and Linear B. From the layering of the palace, Evans developed an idea of the civilization that used it, which he called Minoan. The palace was built over a previous Neolithic town. During the Bronze Age, the town surrounded the hill on which the palace was built.


title: Amniote

text: Thus, as distinct from the amphibians, "amniotes are truly terrestrial". Secondarily, many reptiles and mammals returned to water, and mammals bear the young live, as do some reptile groups. This evolutionary flexibility is much less common in amphibians.


title: Knossos

text: The palace was abandoned at some unknown time at the end of the late Bronze Age, c. 1380–1100 BC, for reasons which are not known.


title: Amniote

text: The first amniotes, such as "Casineria", looked like small lizards. They evolved about 340 million years ago, in the Mississippian or Lower Carboniferous. Their eggs could survive out of the water. This let amniotes move into environments that had less water. The amniotes moved across the Earth. Most vertebrates that live on land are amniotes, as are most of the air-breathing animals of the sea.


title: Amniote

text: Very early in the evolutionary history of amniotes, they split into two main lines, the synapsids and the sauropsids, both of which persist into the modern era.


title: Amniote

text: The oldest known fossil synapsid is "Protoclepsydrops" from about 320 million years ago, while the oldest known sauropsid is probably "Paleothyris", in the order Captorhinida, from the Middle Pennsylvanian epoch (about 306–312 million years ago).


title: Amniote

text: One can assume the ancestors of the amniotes laid their eggs in moist places, as such modest-sized animals would not have difficulty finding depressions under fallen logs or other suitable places in the ancient forests, and dry conditions were probably not the main reason why the soft shell emerged.


title: Amniote

text: In fish and amphibians there is only one inner membrane, also called an embryonic membrane. In amniotes the inner anatomy of the egg has evolved further and new structures have developed to take care of the gas exchanges between the embryo and the atmosphere, as well as dealing with the waste problems. To grow a thicker and tougher shell required new ways to supply the embryo with oxygen, as diffusion alone was not enough.


title: Amniote

text: After the egg developed these structures, further sophistication allowed amniotes to lay much bigger eggs in much drier habitats. Bigger eggs allowed for bigger offspring, and bigger adults could produce bigger eggs, so amniotes grew bigger than their ancestors. Real growth was not possible, however, until they stopped relying on small invertebrates as their main food source and started to eat plants or other vertebrates, or returned to the water. New habits and heavier bodies meant further evolution for the amniotes, both in behavior and anatomy.


title: Amniote

text: There are three main lines of amniotes, which may be distinguished by the structure of the skull and in particular the number of temporal fenestrae (openings) behind the eye. In anapsids (turtles) there are none, in synapsids (mammals and their extinct relatives) there is one, and in most diapsids (non-anapsid reptiles, including dinosaurs and birds) there are two.


title: Amniote

text: The skeletal remains of amniotes have at least two pairs of sacral ribs, a sternum in the pectoral girdle (shoulders area) and an astragalus bone in the ankle.


title: Amniote

text: This is perhaps better than the older taxonomy, which lists recent branches like birds and mammals as classes on mere traditional grounds.


title: Sonata

text: A sonata is a piece of music for one instrument or one instrument with another instrument accompanying. The word comes from the Italian “sonare” which means “to sound”.


title: Sonata

text: A composer could call any solo instrumental piece “sonata” if he or she wants to, but usually a sonata is quite a long piece with several movements. A sonatina is a simple and short sonata.


title: Sonata

text: In the Baroque period (17th and early 18th centuries) many composers like Arcangelo Corelli wrote sonatas with several movements. There were two types: “sonata da camera” (“room sonata” i.e. “chamber sonata”) which were for playing in people’s homes, and “sonata da chiesa” (“church sonata”) which were for being played in churches. The first type would have harpsichord accompaniment and the second type organ accompaniment. There would also be a cello playing the bass line. The solo instrument might be a violin, flute, recorder or oboe.


title: Sonata

text: At the end of the Baroque period Domenico Scarlatti wrote over 500 sonatas for harpsichord. These are all short pieces in binary form (two sections).


title: Sonata

text: By the time we come to the Classical period sonatas have become longer pieces with three or four movements. They would usually start with a fast movement, then a slow one, and then a fast one at the end. If there were four movements the extra one would be a minuet and trio or a scherzo, either before or after the slow movement. The first movement would be in sonata form. The most important composers of sonatas at this time were Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven


title: Sonata

text: Many composers in the Romantic period wrote sonatas, for example: Brahms wrote piano sonatas as well as sonatas for violin and piano, cello and piano, and clarinet and piano.


title: Benoît Mandelbrot

text: Benoît B. Mandelbrot (20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010) was a Polish-French-American mathematician. Mandelbrot was born in Warsaw into a Jewish-Lithuanian family. He is best known for his works with fractal geometry. He lived and worked until his death in the United States. He was a professor at the University of Yale.


title: Benoît Mandelbrot

text: Mandelbrot was born in Warsaw, Poland. His family lived in France under German occupation. He died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 85 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.


title: Dividend

text: Dividends are payments made by a company to its shareholders. When a company earns more money than it spends, the extra money can either be spent on making the company better or it can be given to the people who own stock in the company as a dividend.


title: Martin Sheen

text: Martin Sheen (born August 3, 1940) is a Spanish-Irish-American actor. He is best known for his role as "Captain Willard" in the film "Apocalypse Now" and, most recently, as President "Josiah Bartlet" on the acclaimed and long-running television drama series "The West Wing". He won both the Emmy and Golden Globe Awards for his works. His mother was an Irish immigrant; his father was a Spanish immigrant.


title: Piston

text: In general, a piston is a lubricated sliding shaft that fits tightly inside the opening of a cylinder. Its purpose is to change the volume enclosed by the cylinder, to exert a force on a fluid inside the cylinder, to cover and uncover ports, or some combination of these. A rubber seal is sometimes used to keep the lubricate within the shaft. Due to the constant motion of the machine this seal wears quickly and should be replaced with every servicing. If the seal should break during usage there can be disastrous long lasting consequences for the machine.


title: Piston

text: There are two ways that a piston engine can transform combustion into motive power. These are two-stroke and four-stroke.


title: Piston

text: A single cylinder two-stroke engine produces power every crankshaft revolution, while a single cylinder four-stroke engine produces power once every two revolutions. Older designs of small two-stroke engines produced more pollution than four stroke engines. However, modern two-stroke designs, like the Vespa ET2 Injection use fuel-injection and are as clean as four-strokes. Large diesel two-stroke engines, as used in ships and locomotives, have always used fuel injection and produce low emissions. One of the biggest internal combustion engines in the world, the Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C is a two-stroke; it is bigger than most two-story houses, has pistons nearly 1 metre in diameter and is one of the most efficient mobile engines in existence. In theory, a four stroke engine has to be larger than a two stroke engine to produce an equivalent amount of power. Two stroke engines are becoming less common in developed countries these days, mainly due to manufacturer reluctance to invest in reducing two-stroke emissions. Traditionally, two stroke engines were reputed to need more maintenance. Even though the simplest two stroke engines have fewer moving parts, they could wear out faster than four stroke engines. However fuel-injected two-strokes achieve better engine lubrication, and cooling and reliability should improve considerably.


title: Piston

text: A steam engine is another type of piston engine. In most steam engines, the pistons are "double acting": steam is alternately admitted to either end of the cylinder, so that every piston stroke produces power.


title: Tainan

text: Tainan City () is a city in Southern Taiwan. It is the fifth largest city after Taipei, Kaohsiung, New Taipei City and Taichung City. Tainan was the capital of Taiwan in 1661 when Koxinga took the island from Dutch colonial rule. In 1684, the Qing Dynasty conquered Taiwan and created "Taiwan Fu" (the first local government in Taiwan). This was later renamed to "Tainan Fu" in 1885. Because it was the capital of Taiwan, Tainan is also called Fu-cheng (Government City). Tainan was also the capital of the Republic of Formosa. Tainan is one of the oldest cities in Taiwan, with the Dutch port at An-ping (安平) in 1624. It is also one of Taiwan's cultural capitals, as it built the First Confucian School/Temple on the island. There are remains of the Northern and Southern gates of the old city, and other old monuments. Tainan is the city with the most Buddhist and/or Taoist temples on Taiwan. Tainan City is surrounded by Tainan County to the north and east and the South China Sea to the west and south.


title: Tainan

text: Tainan is famous with its 300-year history and buildings with old designs. Before the year of 1700, there were only the earliest people living there. But everything changed after the Dutch got to Tainan and made Fort Zeelandia (also called Anping Fort) in Anping. Then in 1661, the Dutch were kicked out by Koxinga, who followed the ideas of the Ming Dynasty, and his army. He ended 38 years of Dutch rule in Taiwan.


title: Tainan

text: Twenty-two years later, the chief town of Taiwan moved to Tainan and Taiwan became a part of China under the Qing Dynasty’s rule. But the Qing Dynasty didn't care much about Tainan. Afterwards, Japan took over Taiwan and built "the Office of the Governor-General" in Taipei. From then on, Taipei became more important than Tainan. After World War II, Taiwan is no longer under Japanese people's rule. Even though Tainan is not the chief town of Taiwan anymore, Tainan is still called ”Taiwan's cultural capital” because of its long history in Taiwan.


title: Tainan

text: Tainan City once had six districts: Anping, Annan, East, West Central, South, and North districts. Annan district was originally the An-Shun township of Tainan County, and was added into Tainan City in 1946. On December 25, 2010, it got merged with Tainan county, and upgraded into a special municipality. Its name remains Tainan City. Now the great Tainan City has 31 districts, and the central government want those districts incorporated into 10 to 12 districts in the future. But people in every township are not very positive about this. Because people are afraid that their budget would be downsized while every administrative area become much larger. For the central and local city government, there is a long way to go.


title: Tainan

text: Tainan has 28 twin towns and sister cities worldwide. Tainan signed the agreements with 9 cities in the US between 1965 and 1991. They are:


title: Salvatore Schillaci

text: Salvatore Schillaci (born 1 December 1964) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.


title: Denial-of-Service attack

text: A Denial-of-Service attack (DoS) is when someone arranges for multiple computers to open a website. This then stops the ability for everyone else to access the website as there is too much traffic flowing to it. People who have slower internet connections, such as dial-up, are affected more by attacks.


title: Neon Genesis Evangelion

text: Neon Genesis Evangelion (Japanese: "新世紀エヴァンゲリオン" Hepburn: "Shin Seiki Evangelion") is a Japanese anime series directed by Hideaki Anno, and produced by Gainax and Tatsunoko Production. It is set 15 years after a world-wide disaster. The main characters are teenagers that pilot giant robots called "Evangelions" to fight giant monsters called "angels". The imagery is inspired by depression, philosophy, and the religions Christianity and Judaism. The show was liked by critics, but the ending made many fans angry. The film "End of Evangelion" was released in 1997. It acts as a different version of the show's ending. Other related media, including several manga, soundtracks, and the "Rebuild of Evangelion" film series, were made following the show’s success.


title: Denial-of-Service attack

text: In the 1990s and early 2000s, many web companies were hit by DoS attacks. For example, Microsoft was affected by DoS attacks in early 2001. Many users were unable to access the Microsoft website and many Microsoft services. On June 10, 2014, Evernote was targeted by a DDoS attack for 24 hours.


title: Mary Tyler Moore

text: Mary Tyler Moore (December 29, 1936 – January 25, 2017) was an Academy Award-nominated American actress, activist and philanthropist.


title: Mary Tyler Moore

text: She is famous for "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" (1970–1977), where she played the role of "Mary Richards", a single woman who worked as a news producer at WJM-TV in Minneapolis, and for her role as "Laura Petrie", wife of television comedy writer "Rob Petrie" (played by Dick Van Dyke) on "The Dick Van Dyke Show" (1961–1966).


title: Mary Tyler Moore

text: Moore was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes when she was 33. In 2011, she had brain surgery to remove a brain tumor. In 2014 friends reported that she had heart and kidney problems and was nearly blind. In October 2015, Moore's former co-star Dick Van Dyke said on an episode of "Larry King Now" that Moore was in poor health and unable to communicate.


title: Mary Tyler Moore

text: In January 2017, she was hospitalized from a diabetic-related condition. Her condition worsened and was placed on a respirator the previous week. She died on January 25, 2017 in Greenwich, Connecticut from cardiopulmonary arrest caused by diabetic-related pneumonia, aged 80.


title: M. Night Shyamalan

text: Manoj Nelliyattu Shyamalan (; മനോജ് നെല്ലിയാട്ടു ശ്യാമളന്, Mitur Ben Es-Derti ,Latin English: "Maṉōj Nelliyāṯṯu Ṣiyāmaḷaṉ", born 6 August 1970), known professionally as M. Night Shyamalan, is an American filmmaker and screenwriter who resides and works primarily in the United States. He is known for making movies with contemporary supernatural plots that climax with a twist ending. Some of his notable movies are "The Sixth Sense" (1999), "Unbreakable" (2000), "Signs" (2002), "The Village" (2004), "Lady in the Water" (2006), "The Happening" (2008) and "The Last Airbender" (2010). He is also known for filming his movies (and staging his plots) in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was raised.


title: Raster graphics

text: Raster graphics (or bitmap graphics) is one of two kinds of computer graphics. With raster graphics, images are modeled as big collections of pixels. Usually they form an image shaped like a rectangle. Each pixel holds something, like color or transparency. Raster images are used very often. Computer screens are made of a raster of points. Vector graphic images are rasterised that way. Images that are difficult to make as a vector, like photographs, are often made in the form of a raster image.


title: M. Night Shyamalan

text: Shyamalan was born in a Hindu household in Mahé, Puducherry, India. His father, Nelliate C. Shyamalan is a Malayali traditional physician (Vaidyar) from Mahé. His mother, Jayalakshmi is Tamil and is an obstetrician and gynecologist by profession.


title: Raster graphics

text: Many printers today use computer languages like Postscript or PCL. These languages are based on vectorized images, most of the time. To be printed, these images need to be translated into raster graphics first. This is done by a part called a Raster Image Processor. Most modern printers have those processors inside the printer. Some printers use a special piece of software on the computer to do that job.


title: Heian period

text: The is a time in the Japanese history from 794 to 1185. This grouping of years is named after city of Heian-kyō, which is the early name of present day Kyoto.


title: Heian period

text: The Heian period began in 794 when the capital of Japan was moved to Heian-kyō. It lasted until 1185, which is the beginning of the Kamakura period.


title: Heian period

text: In this period Kyoto was the center of Japanese culture. It was also in this period that the first known novel was published. The author was a woman. Poetry was very popular in Heian-kyo at the time.


title: Socialist Unity Party of Germany

text: The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (German: "Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands", shortened: "SED") was the governing party of East Germany from 1949, when East Germany was created, until the elections of 1990. It was formed in 1946 a year after World War 2 ended in 1945 and after Nazi Germany was defeated and after the Nazi Party was banned .


title: Socialist Unity Party of Germany

text: The SED was created in april 1946 in the Berliner Admiralspalast when the Soviet Union forced the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) members and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) members who lived in the Soviet-occupied parts of Germany and Berlin. After 1990, the party reformed itself as the Party of Democratic Socialism (later in 2005, the Left Party.PDS). It is still somewhat popular in parts the former East German territory, frequently winning seats at state and local elections. In the September 2005 Bundestag election the PDS was in coalition with WASG (Electoral Alternative for Labour and Social Justice), which was formed by Oskar Lafontaine who left the SPD. The PDS and WASG joined together in 2007.


title: Socialist Unity Party of Germany

text: A famous SED poster read: "To learn from Stalin means to learn how to win". Later, the word "Stalin" was replaced with "the USSR". When Gorbachev was president of the USSR the famous slogan was abandoned, as the SED did not believe there was anything to learn from his ideas about perestroika.


title: Socialist Unity Party of Germany

text: At first the SED had a branch in West Berlin, but in 1962 the West Berlin branch was separated from the SED proper and became a "separate" party called the Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Westberlins" – SEW) but with the same ideas as the parent party.


title: Socialist Unity Party of Germany

text: Between the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the election in March 1990, the old Social Democratic Party was re-established as a separate party, while the rest of the SED lost a lot of members and renamed itself the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) at a special party meeting in December 1989. By becoming the PDS the party survived the reuniting of East Germany and West Germany, and eventually started growing again, managing to get representatives elected to the Bundestag.


title: Socialist Unity Party of Germany

text: On December 1, 1989 the SED was forced to give up its 40 year monopoly of power when the State Council (Volksammer) revoked the clause in the constitution of the GDR that guaranteed the SED to be the sole legal party in East Germany. Its leader and all of the politburo resigned three days later and the party was finally dissolved on December 16, 1989.


title: Socialist Unity Party of Germany

text: These three party leaders were also the equivalent of the Prime Minister or President in other countries; they really led the government as well as the main, legally powerful party, which was not often the case in other Communist countries.


title: Great Chilean Earthquake

text: The Great Chilean Earthquake or Valdivian Earthquake was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. The quake occurred in the early afternoon (19:11 UTC) of May 22, 1960, and had a 9.5 rating on the Moment magnitude scale. The earthquake affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, and the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.


title: Domestic worker

text: A domestic worker or domestic servant is a person who works within the scope of a residence. A domestic worker is a paid employee. They are free to leave their employment if they wish. Many domestic workers are required by their employer to wear a uniform when in their employer's home.


title: Maple syrup

text: Maple syrup is a thick kind of syrup made from the sap of maple trees. It is made mostly of a type of sugar called sucrose, and is usually eaten together with waffles and pancakes. Sometimes, maple syrup is used to bake things such as pies, to make candy, or just as a syrup that adds sweetness to food. It is also sometimes used in making lemonade.


title: Great Chilean Earthquake

text: Its epicenter was Valdivia, Chile. The earthquake caused tsunamis that pounded the Chilean coastline with waves of up to 25 meters. The main tsunami traveled across the Pacific Ocean and caused great damage to Hilo, Hawaii. Waves as high as 10.7 meters (about 35 feet) were recorded 10,000 kilometers from where the earthquake started. These waves travelled as far as Japan and the Philippines.


title: Domestic worker

text: In the Victorian era, Britain had many domestic workers. The butler was the most important one. At meal times he would be like a head waiter. Other male domestic workers were often called "valets". A valet (sometimes said with a silent "t") usually looked after his master’s clothes and comforts, and possibly looked after money matters as well. Female domestic worker were usually maids who cleaned, cooks who prepared the meals, and nannies who looked after the children. Gardeners did the gardening.


title: Maple syrup

text: It was used by eastern North America and later by European settlers. Syrups are usually packed when they are hot. The Canadian province of Quebec is by far the largest producer of maple syrup. It produces about three-quarters of the worlds maple syrup. In cold climates, maple trees keep starch in their trunks and root before the winter, but when spring arrives, the starch is converted to sugar/sucrose that rises the sap.


title: Great Chilean Earthquake

text: The total number of deaths from the earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Chile has been estimated at 490 to 5700. The Chilean government estimated 2 million people were left homeless and the damage was $550 million USD.


title: Domestic worker

text: In the early 18th century, even some musicians were servants and had to wear livery (uniform). In 1717, when composer Johann Sebastian Bach said he wanted to leave his job, the duke he worked for put him in prison. In the 19th century, there were many domestic workers in Europe or the United States, as well as in other countries. In the early 20th century, new laws were made in Britain to protect domestic workers, and give them more rights.


title: Domestic worker

text: Today in many parts of the world domestic workers from poorer countries are often employed by people in the richer countries.


title: Domestic worker

text: To ensure the right of decent work for all kind of domestic workers including migrant workers, International Labour Organization has made Convention No. 189 on domestic workers.


title: Bull Terrier

text: The Bull Terrier is a breed of dog that originated in 19th-century England from a mixture of other dogs. They were first used as fighting dogs.


title: Tara Strong

text: Tara Lyn Strong (born Tara Lyn Charendoff, born February 12, 1973) is a Canadian born American voice actress, actress, comedian, clown, jester, mime and singer. She is known for her role as Ben Tennyson from "Ben 10", Timmy Turner from "The Fairly OddParents", Daizy from "Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!", Switch from "Baby Shark's Big Show!", Princess Connie Pintincia from "CyberAdult Girls", Anna Vokqushi from "Wattu Academy", Princess Ruko Lutein from "Atlantis Forest" and Dil from "Rugrats". She also stars in "Unikitty!" as Princess Unikitty and "The Amazing World of Gumball" as Candy Needlemeyer.


title: Kingdom of Mysore

text: The kingdom of Mysore was a kingdom in southern India. It was founded by the Wadiyar dynasty in 1399. They ruled from 1399 to 1947. The last ruler was Tipu Sultan. At first they ruled as vassals of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1399 to 1565. From 1565 to 1761 they were independent rulers. From 1761 to 1796 they ruled in name only. The actual power was with Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan. When Tipu Sultan died at the hands of the British, they ruled from 1799 to 1947 as British allies.


title: Bull Terrier

text: Bull terriers have a short coat, small triangular eyes and an egg shaped head. They are about 21–22 inches (53–56 cm) in height and weigh about 50–60 pounds (23–27 kg). Bull terriers are very strong for their size.


title: Tara Strong

text: Strong was born on February 12, 1973 in Toronto, Ontario. Her father, who is Protestant, is from Scotland. Her mother who is Jewish, is from Britain of Russian descent.


title: Tara Strong

text: She is married to Craig Strong since 2000. They have two sons: Sammy (born 2002) and Aden (born 2004).


title: Andrew Robertson

text: Andrew Robertson (born 11 March 1994) is a Scottish professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Liverpool and captains the Scotland national team. He plays as a left-back. He was born in Glasgow.


title: Dilip Kumar

text: Dilip Kumar (born Muhammad Yusuf Khan; 11 December 1922 – 7 July 2021) was an Indian movie actor. He was well known in the Indian cinema industry. He worked in many movies along with fellow Indian actor Pran. His career has lasted for almost 60 years. He was known for his role as King Dilip Dilip in the Indian classic "Tragedy King".


title: Andrew Robertson

text: Robertson started his senior career with Queen's Park in 2012. A year later, he joined Dundee United a year later. He joined English club Hull City in July 2014 for a fee of £2.85 million. In July 2017, he joined Liverpool in July 2017 for a believed fee of around £8 million. In his first season with Liverpool, Robertson played in the final of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, losing 3–1 to Real Madrid. In his second season with the club, he won the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, with his side defeating Tottenham Hotspur 2–0 in the final.


title: Dilip Kumar

text: Kumar was born Muhammad Yusuf Khan on 11 December 1922 in Peshawar, British India, now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


title: Andrew Robertson

text: Robertson has played for Scotland since May 2014. He became captain of his country in September 2018.


title: Rob Reiner

text: He acted in the "All in the Family" television series. He directed movies, such as "This Is Spinal Tap", "The Princess Bride", "When Harry Met Sally" and "The Bucket List".


title: Monoculture

text: Monoculture is growing a single crop in a large area. Farmers decide what is the best crop, and grow only that. This is very common in modern agriculture, as it simplifies the farm and allows relatively few people to harvest large amounts. Monocultures have problems, however: Pests and diseases that attack only one kind of plant can spread more easily when they only find that kind. Each kind of plant also needs particular nutrients from the soil. Fertilizers are used to supply that nutrient. Farmers who don't understand farming may ruin their farm.


title: Invoice

text: An invoice is a document used in commerce, particularly in retail. It is made by a person or company who is selling something to a customer (or "buyer"). The invoice is given to the customer as a request for payment. It lists the goods or service provided to the customer, along with the price being charged for each of them.


title: Satoshi Nakamoto

text: Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed inventors of Bitcoin. It is probably a pseudonym or nom de plume for the creator.


title: Rob Reiner

text: Reiner was born to a Jewish family. He is the elder son of Carl Reiner (1922-2020) and Estelle Reiner (née Lebost, 1914-2008). He was born in the Bronx, New York City. He lived in New Rochelle, New York during his childhood. When he was 13, he moved to Los Angeles, California, where he attended high school and university.


title: Invoice

text: Once the customer has paid for the goods or services, they may be given a receipt. The receipt is the customer's proof that they have paid for the products. A receipt is not the same thing as an invoice.


title: Satoshi Nakamoto

text: The anonymous programmer, Satoshi Nakamoto allegedly developed bitcoin, authored the bitcoin white paper, and created how it was to be used. As part of the implementation, Nakamoto devised the first blockchain database, this has been confirmed. They were active in developing bitcoin until December 2010.


title: Rob Reiner

text: Reiner is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.


title: Invoice

text: From the seller's point of view, an invoice is called the "sales invoice". From the buyer's point of view, an invoice is called the "purchase invoice".


title: Satoshi Nakamoto

text: Many people have claimed, or have been claimed, to be Nakamoto. Nakamoto's BTC wallet worth approx. 1 million BTC (48 billion USD) or 5% of all BTC mined to this day, was activated in December 2021 after 10 years. Before this it was last activated 17 May 2010.


title: Alaskan Malamute

text: The Alaskan Malamute is a breed of domestic dog. It was originally bred for use as an Alaskan sled dog. This dog is usually large in size. It is sometimes mistaken for a Siberian Husky. The Alaskan Malamute is strong and powerful and was used to carry heavy loads for long distances.


title: Alaskan Malamute

text: This dog is the largest and oldest of the Arctic sled dogs. Malamutes can be family pets, but are very active. They enjoy sledding, running and swimming with their owners. Their coat is thick and comes in colors from light gray to black or from sable to red. They have a plumed tail.


title: Hafizullah Amin

text: Hafizullah Amin (, August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan. He was president during the time of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The Soviets got information from their KGB spies that Amin's rule was a threat to the stability of Afghanistan. They also were not certain about Amin’s loyalty to the Soviet Union. The Soviets found some information about Amin's trying to become closer to Pakistan and China. The Soviets also believed that Amin was behind the death of president Nur Muhammad Taraki. Finally, the Soviets decided to remove Amin.


title: Dirac delta function

text: The Dirac delta function, often written as formula_1, is a made-up concept by mathematician Paul Dirac. It is a really pointy and skinny function that pokes out a point along a wave. Loosely speaking, it has the value of zero everywhere except at formula_2, in such a way that the area between the function and the "x"-axis adds up to 1. The delta function is often used in sampling theory, where its pointiness is useful for getting clean samples.


title: Spoken language

text: Spoken language is language in its spoken form. It is different from written language. Many spoken languages have no written form. The term "spoken language" is sometimes used for "oral language". This is not quite right because sign language is also sometimes said to be 'spoken'.


title: Dirac delta function

text: The integral of the Dirac delta function is the Heaviside function. The Dirac delta function can be seen as the derivative of the Heaviside function.


title: Spoken language

text: Children get their first language from whichever language is spoken around them. Usually this comes from their mothers. Spoken language is much richer than written language. Spoken language can have different rules than written language.


title: Statistical hypothesis test

text: A statistical hypothesis test is a method used in statistics. It helps you describe the results you get from an experiment. The hypothesis test tells you the likelihood that a specific result would happen by chance.


title: Spade

text: In gardening, a spade is a tool for digging. It is similar to a shovel. It has a straight handle, usually of wood and a blade, usually of steel.


title: ALF (TV series)

text: ALF is an American sitcom television series that aired on NBC from September 22, 1986, to March 24, 1990.


title: Statistical hypothesis test

text: Statistical hypothesis tests answer the question: "Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of getting a value which is at least as extreme as the value that was actually observed?".


title: Spade

text: For some purposes the difference between a spade and a shovel is important. For example, spade more easily digs in hard soil; a shovel more easily moves gravel.


title: ALF (TV series)

text: The title character is Gordon Shumway, a sarcastic, friendly alien nicknamed ALF, who crash-lands in the garage of the suburban middle-class Tanner family.


title: Statistical hypothesis test

text: So, for example, if the result would only happen by chance 5% of the time, then the experimental hypothesis is supported to the 95% level.


title: ALF (TV series)

text: The series stars Max Wright as father Willie Tanner, Anne Schedeen as mother Kate Tanner, and Andrea Elson and Benji Gregory as their children, Lynn and Brian Tanner. ALF was performed by puppeteer Paul Fusco, who co-created the show with Tom Patchett.


title: ALF (TV series)

text: "ALF" originally ran for four seasons and made 99 episodes. The series ended with an unresolved cliffhanger, but the later TV movie, "Project ALF", gave a series finale for the franchise.


title: ALF (TV series)

text: In August 2018, Warner Bros. Television announced development of an "ALF" reboot. These plans were cancelled in November 2018.


title: Tetraphobia

text: Tetraphobia is a fear of the number 4. It is a superstition found most often in East Asian areas, for example China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.


title: Tetraphobia

text: The Chinese word for "four" (, pinyin: sì, jyutping: sei), sounds very similar to the word for "death" (, pinyin: sǐ, jyutping: sei).


title: Tetraphobia

text: Chinese people take care not to use the number 4 during important holidays, or if someone in the family is sick. Numbers such as 14, 24, and so on, are not used because they also have the number 4 in them. Buildings sometimes do not have floors with these numbers, apartments and hotels do not have rooms with number 4, 14, 24 and so on. Table number 4, 14, 24, may be often left out in wedding dinners or other social activities in these countries. Where there are a lot of apartment buildings, buildings that should be 4, 14, 24, are called 3A, 13A, 23A, and so on.


title: Tetraphobia

text: In Hong Kong, some apartments such as Vision City and The Arch do not have the floors from 40 to 49. Immediately above 39/F is 50/F, leading many who do not know about tetraphobia to think that some floors are missing.


title: Tetraphobia

text: The Chinese start numbering their military aircraft with the number 5, such as the fighter plane "Shenyang J-5". The Taiwanese and the South Korean navies do not use the number 4 when giving flag numbers to their ships.


title: Tetraphobia

text: In cities where East Asian and Western cultures come together, like Hong Kong and Singapore, it is possible in some buildings that both 13 and 14 are left out as floor numbers, along with all the other 4s.


title: Tetraphobia

text: In Korea, tetraphobia is not as important, but the floor number 4 is almost always left out in hospitals. In other buildings, the fourth floor is sometimes named "F" (Four) instead of "4" in elevators. Apartment numbers with a lot of the number 4 (such as 404) are hard to sell, and often they are not worth as much money.


title: Robert Smith

text: Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1956) is an English musician. He is best known for being the lead singer of The Cure. He has been the only constant member in the band's 37-year history. They have released 13 studio albums and 10 EPs. Their biggest UK hit so far is "Lullaby", which reached number 5. Their biggest US hit is "Lovesong". In 1983, he released an album called "Blue Sunshine" with Alberto y Lost Trios Paranoias' John Scott under the name The Glove. He has worked with other bands like Crystal Castles. He has also sung songs on his own for movie soundtracks.


title: Paparazzi (song)

text: "Paparazzi" is a song by American pop singer Lady Gaga from her first album, "The Fame" (2008). It was released digitally in Ireland and United Kingdom on July 6, 2009 and Australia was released on July 10, 2009 as the prev_title from the album. It is about a stalker who follows someone to become famous. The music video is eight minutes long.


title: Robert Smith

text: Smith can play guitar, bass guitar, double bass, keyboard, violin, flute and trumpet. He has a tenor vocal range. He is married to Mary Poole, who he met at the age of 14 in a drama class.


title: Paparazzi (song)

text: The song managed to reach number one in Germany; the top five in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the UK; and the top ten in the US. It became Gaga's fourth consecutive number-one song on "Billboard"'s Pop Songs airplay chart. On February 29, 2016, the Recording Industry Association of America certified "Paparazzi" 4× Platinum for sales and streams equal to four million copies in the United States.


title: Robert Smith

text: Smith was born in Blackpool, Lancashire. In 1959, his family moved to Trafford, Manchester. In 1963, they moved to Salford, Manchester. He was raised Catholic but later became an atheist. His first band, The Crawley Goat Band, was at the age of 14. In 1976, Smith was a member of a punk rock band called Malice. Smith then formed a band with members of Malice called Easy Cure. In 1978 they became The Cure. In 1979 they released their first album, "Three Imaginary Boys". It got good reviews. In 1999, Smith was going to end The Cure but Ross Robinson persuaded him not to.


title: Robert Smith

text: There have been lots of references to Smith in pop culture. In 2004 in episode 11 of series 2 of "The Mighty Boosh" Vince Noir says to Howard Moon that he can spend the evening with two goth girls if he dresses like a goth. Vince gives Howard a can of "Goth Juice: the most powerful hairspray known to man, made from the tears of Robert Smith". Lush made a hair gel inspired by this called Goth Juice that says 'made from the tears of Robert Smith' on the pot, but they don't make it anymore.


title: Robert Smith

text: Smith appeared in the twelfth episode of season 1 of "South Park", "Mecha-Streisand" in 1998. At the time the episode brought South Park their biggest number of viewers for an episode to date.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a big patch of garbage and debris in the middle of the northern Pacific Ocean. It is caught in the water currents. It formed because currents near the center of the Northern Pacific Ocean move around in a kind of circle, which catches and holds floating pieces of plastic.


title: Proteobacteria

text: They are gram-negative bacteria. This means they do not retain the violet dye in the Gram staining protocol.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: The "Yellowwood Island" actually has two areas, described as an eastern patch and a western patch, which are separated because of ocean currents. Scientists estimate that the size of the "plastic island" is approximately equal to the land area of Texas, United States, but it could be as much as twice the size. Also, it is not really a floating island. It is more like a soup of plastic pieces floating in the ocean just below the surface. It is from California, between Hawaii and Japan.


title: Proteobacteria

text: In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal violet, colouring all gram-negative bacteria with a pink colour.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Many birds, turtles, and other sea animals go to Pacific Islands to lay their eggs and raise their young. Unfortunately, they eat the smaller pieces of plastic, thinking that they are food swimming in the ocean. They also get caught in the garbage. The United Nations Environment Program estimates that the plastic soup causes the death of one million sea birds and 10,000 sea animals every year. Some micro-invertebrates have also been found to eat tiny pieces of plastic with similar results.


title: Proteobacteria

text: The test itself is useful in classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: For a long time, people thought the garbage patch was mostly plastic that had been used by ordinary people, like plastic straws and forks. In 2018, scientists found out that most of the plastic in the patch was lost fishing nets and other fishing tools used on large fishing boats.


title: Proteobacteria

text: Proteobacteria include a wide variety of pathogens, such as "Escherichia coli", "Salmonella", "Vibrio", "Helicobacter", and many other notable genera.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Since the plastics are organic compounds, they tend to absorb other organic compounds, such as pesticides. Scientists have discovered high levels of DDT and other organic compounds in this deadly plastic soup.


title: Proteobacteria

text: Others are free-living, and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. The group is defined primarily in terms of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: The pieces of plastic come from all over the world. Any country that has a shore or river, where such pieces blow or wash out to sea is a source. Scientists estimate that the United States and other industrial countries contribute less garbage to the plastic island due to modern garbage disposal; but such countries also produce and sell much of the plastic that becomes garbage for non-industrial countries.


title: Proteobacteria

text: Most members are facultatively or obligately anaerobic, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophic, but there are numerous exceptions.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Changing winds and currents often cause parts of this plastic island to break away and send pieces of plastic toward the beaches and shorelines of Pacific Islands and the continents. It's considered a major problem for tourism, and because of the problems that it causes the island and ocean environments.


title: Proteobacteria

text: There are alphaproteobacteria in this phylum which are widely found in marine plankton. They may constitute over 10% of the open ocean microbial community.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: In April 2008, Richard Sundance Owen, a building contractor and scuba dive instructor, started the Environmental Cleanup Coalition to solve the problem of the pollution in the North Pacific. They are working with other groups to find ways to safely remove plastic and organic compounds from the oceans.


title: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Project Kaisei is a project to study and clean up the garbage patch launched in March 2009. In August 2009 two ships from the project, the RV New Horizon and the Kaisei, went to research the patch and decide the possibility of a commercial scale collection and recycling operation.


title: Avoidant personality disorder

text: People diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder are socially inhibited, meaning that they are shy and afraid of social situations. They feel that they are not good people and are afraid of people rejecting them. They are very sensitive to other people saying bad or negative things about them.


title: Credit Suisse

text: The company was founded in 1856 as Schweizerische Kreditanstalt (SKA, ) jointly by Alfred Escher and the German bank which held 50% of the equity.


title: Avoidant personality disorder

text: Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals diagnose people with avoidant personality disorder using a book called the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-IV-TR). They look at a person's behaviour and how they are feeling. If the person has four or more of the following signs, the DSM-IV-TR says that they have AvPD.


title: UEFA stadium categories

text: UEFA stadium categories are categories for football stadiums laid out in the UEFA Stadium Infrastructure Regulations. Using these regulations, stadiums are rated as category one, two, three, or elite (in order going up). These categories replaced the old method of ranking stadiums as four or five star in 2006. A stadium must be categorised as elite to host the final of the UEFA Champions League or the UEFA Europa League. These are UEFA's two top club competitions.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Kevin David Sorbo (born September 24, 1958) is an American actor. He is best known for the roles of Hercules on "" and Captain Dylan Hunt in "Andromeda".


title: Manushi Chhillar

text: Manushi Chhillar (born 14 May 1997) in Haryana, India is Indian model, winner of Miss India 2017 and the winner of the Miss World 2017 beauty contest. She is listed in 6th indian women to won Miss World beauty pageant after Priyanka Chopra. She also won the title of Miss Photogenic in Miss India competition.


title: Petrified wood

text: Petrified wood (from the Greek root Petro meaning "rock" or "stone"; literally "wood turned into stone") is the name given to a special type of fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. It is the result of a tree having turned completely into stone by the process of per mineralization. All the organic materials have been replaced with minerals (most often a silicate, such as quartz), while retaining the original structure of the wood. Unlike other types of fossils which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three dimensional representation of the original organic material.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Sorbo was born in Mound, Minnesota, where he attended Mound Westonka High School. He is the son of Ardis, a nurse, and Lynn Sorbo, a junior high school mathematics and biology teacher. He is of Norwegian descent and was raised in a Lutheran family. Sorbo was educated at Moorhead State University and worked as a model for print and television advertising in the 1980s.


title: Petrified wood

text: The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried under sediment and is initially preserved due to a lack of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Sorbo started his acting career in the late 1980s making guest appearances in several television series such as "1st & Ten", "Murder She Wrote" and "The Commish". He was considered for and lost out to Dean Cain as Superman in "Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman" and was a possible contender for the role of Agent Mulder in "The X Files" which went to David Duchovny.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: In 1994 he shot to fame for playing the role of Hercules in the television movie "Hercules and the Amazon Women". This was the first in a series of television movies that served as pilots for the TV series "" which ran from 1995 to 1999. The series was a huge ratings success throughout different countries becoming one of the most popular syndicated shows in television history and becoming Sorbo's most well-known role. He also guest-starred as Hercules in episodes of the spin-off series "" and provided the voice of Hercules in the animated movie "" which released in 1998. In between the years playing "Hercules" he played his first leading movie role in "Kull the Conqueror" (1997).


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: After Hercules came to an end he played the starring role of Captain Dylan Hunt in the science-fiction drama series "Andromeda" from 2000 to 2005. In 2006 he played a recurring role on the final season of "The O.C" and guest-starred in the sitcom "Two and a Half Men". In 2007 he appeared in the direct-to-video movie "Walking Tall: The Payback" which is a sequel to the 2004 movie "Walking Tall" . He reprised his role in the second sequel "Walking Tall: Lone Justice" which released later that year. He also starred in the Lifetime Channel movie "Last Chance Café", the Hallmark Channel movie "Avenging Angel", co-starring his real life wife Sam Sorbo and guest starred as a bounty hunter in the season 2 episode "Bounty Hunters!" of the series "Psych". Most recently, he has appeared in the spoof movie "Meet the Spartans" which opened at Number One at the U.S. box office charts.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Sorbo married actress Sam Jenkins on January 5, 1998.Their first child, son Braedon Cooper Sorbo (7 lb. 8oz), was born on August 22, 2001. Second child, son Shane Haaken Sorbo was born on March 31, 2004. His birth weight of 12 lbs. 6oz. broke the Nevada hospital's record. The couple's third child, daughter Octavia Flynn Sorbo (8 lb. 7oz) was born on October 16, 2005.


title: Kevin Sorbo

text: Sorbo is the spokesman and chair of "A World Fit For Kids", a non-profit organization that trains teenagers to become mentors to younger children.


title: Courtesan

text: A courtesan was often a high-class prostitute or mistress, especially one associated with rich, powerful, or noble men who gave


title: Tori Spelling

text: Victoria Davey "Tori" Spelling (born on May 16, 1973) is an American actress, television writer and producer.


title: Boroughs of New York City

text: New York City is made up of five county-level sections called "boroughs": Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. All boroughs are part of New York City. Queens is the largest borough.


title: Courtesan

text: luxuries and status in exchange for her services. In Renaissance Europe, courtesans had an important role in high class society, sometimes taking the place of wives at social roles requiring diplomacy. Courtesans usually enjoyed more freedom than was typical of women at the time. For example, they did not have money problems, and were more independent. Madame de Pompadour (1721–1764), the famous mistress and favorite of King Louis XV of France, was a courtesan. Courtesans also existed in many countries outside Europe, such as India and Japan.


title: Tori Spelling

text: Tori has been married to actor (b.1966) since May 7, 2006 after they were dated for 8 months. The spouses have four children together: son Liam Aaron McDermott (b.March 13, 2007), daughters Stella Doreen McDermott (b.June 9, 2008) and Hattie Margaret McDermott (b.October 10, 2011), and another son — Finn Davey McDermott (b.August 30, 2012). Spelling also has a step-son Jack Montgomery McDermott (b.1998) from McDermott's 1st marriage to actress .


title: Boroughs of New York City

text: Boroughs have existed since the official creation of the city in 1898, when the city and each borough assumed their current boundaries. However, the boroughs have not always been part with their respective counties. Before 1914, the borough of The Bronx had been earlier in the southern part of Westchester County which had then been annexed to New York County. Before 1899, the County of Queens included an eastern part, which was split off during the formation to become Nassau County.


title: Nuclear accident

text: A nuclear accident is an accident that releases radioactivity to the environment, harmfully affects people, and causes a nuclear meltdown.


title: Clarence House

text: Clarence House is the home of Charles, Prince of Wales in London. It is part of St James's Palace, and is on The Mall, close to Buckingham Palace (The Queen's home).


title: Alan Menken

text: Alan Irwin Menken (born July 22, 1949) is an American composer, songwriter, conductor, music director and record producer. Menken is best known for his scores and songs for movies produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The most serious nuclear accident has been the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Other serious nuclear accidents include Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Three Mile Island accident, the Windscale fire, Mayak accident, and the SL-1 accident. In the period to 2007, 63 major nuclear accidents have occurred at nuclear power plants. Twenty-nine of these have occurred since the Chernobyl disaster, and 71 percent of all nuclear accidents (45 out of 63) occurred in the United States.


title: Clarence House

text: The Prince of Wales lives with his wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall there. The Prince of Wales' offices and staff are also based at Clarence House, and any announcements made by his staff are attributed to "Clarence House" as an entity, just like announcements from The Queen are said to be made by "Buckingham Palace".


title: Alan Menken

text: His scores and songs for "The Little Mermaid" (1989), "Beauty and the Beast" (1991), "Aladdin" (1992), and "Pocahontas" (1995) have each won him two Academy Awards.


title: Nuclear accident

text: On 11 March 2011, the Magnitude 9.0 devastating Sendai earthquake and tsunami took place in Japan. As a result, "Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant", "Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant", "Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant" and "Tōkai Nuclear Power Plant stations" consisting of eleven (11) reactors were automatically shut down following the earthquake.


title: Clarence House

text: Prince Charles has lived at Clarence House since 2003. The Queen Mother lived at Clarence House from 1953 (the year after the death of her husband (King George VI)) until 2002, when she died.


title: Alan Menken

text: He also composed the scores and songs for "Little Shop of Horrors" (1986), "Newsies" (1992), "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1996), "Hercules" (1997), "Home on the Range" (2004), "Enchanted" (2007) and "Tangled" (2010).


title: Nuclear accident

text: At Fukushima Daiichi and Daini tsunami waves went over seawalls and destroyed diesel backup power systems. This loss of power caused severe problems including two large explosions at Fukushima Daiichi and leakage of radiation. Over 200,000 people have been evacuated. Seismic recordings at six assessed nuclear power plant facilities indicated the plants had been exposed to "peak ground accelerations" of 0.037–0.383 "g" and "peak ground velocities" of 6.18–52.62 cm/sec.


title: Alan Menken

text: Menken stated music artists like Lehman Engel, The Rolling Stones, Irving Berlin, Stephen Sondheim, The Beach Boys, Jule Styne, The Beatles, Cole Porter, Leonard Bernstein, George M. Cohan, Oscar Hammerstein II, Richard Rodgers, Elmer Bernstein and Jerry Goldsmith as influences.


title: Nuclear accident

text: One year after the accident, the official death toll related to the Fukushima accident has been five: one caused by the earthquake, another one had a heart attack, two people drowned, and a last person died in October for unreported causes. None of the deaths have been caused by radiation.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The Chernobyl disaster was a major accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on April 26, 1986, with an explosion at the plant and later radioactive contamination of the surrounding area. It is so far the worst nuclear accident in the history of nuclear power. A plume of radioactive fallout drifted over parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern and Western Europe, Scandinavia, the UK, Ireland and eastern North America. Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia were badly damaged, forcing the people in charge to have to evacuate and resettle more than 336,000 people. About 60% of the radioactive fallout landed in Belarus, according to official post-Soviet data.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The accident made many people worried about the safety of the Soviet nuclear power industry. As a result, plans for more nuclear plants were put on hold and the Soviet government, who were not very open with its data, had to make public more of its data. The now-independent countries of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus have had to spend a lot of money and time on decontamination and health care costs of the Chernobyl accident. Nobody knows how many people died because of this accident. This is because the Soviets covered up information, did not fully complete lists, and did not let doctors list "radiation" as the reason why some people died. Most of the expected long-term deaths, such as that from cancer, have not yet happened and it is hard to say that Chernobyl was the full reason for their deaths.


title: Nuclear accident

text: At Fukushima I and II tsunami waves overtopped seawalls and destroyed diesel backup power systems, leading to severe problems including two large explosions at Fukushima I and leakage of radiation.


title: Nuclear accident

text: On March 28, 1979, the Unit 2 nuclear power plant on the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI-2) in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania near Harrisburg suffered a partial core meltdown.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The Three Mile Island accident was the worst accident in American commercial nuclear power generating history, even though it led to no deaths or injuries to plant workers or members of the nearby community.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The accident unfolded over the course of five tense days, as a number of agencies at local, state and federal level tried to diagnose the problem and decide whether or not the on-going accident required a full emergency evacuation of the population. The full details of the accident were not discovered until much later. In the end, the reactor was brought under control. Although approximately 25,000 people lived within five miles of the island at the time of the accident, no identifiable injuries due to radiation occurred, and a government report concluded that "the projected number of excess fatal cancers due to the accident... is approximately one". But the accident had serious economic and public relations consequences, and the cleanup process was slow and costly. It also furthered a major decline in the public popularity of nuclear power, exemplifying for many the worst fears about nuclear technology and, until the Chernobyl disaster seven years later, it was considered the world's worst civilian nuclear accident.


title: Nuclear accident

text: Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station is a nuclear power plant with a single reactor located on the southwest shore of Lake Erie near Oak Harbor, Ohio. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Davis-Besse has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The SL-1, or Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, was a United States Army experimental nuclear power reactor which underwent a steam explosion and meltdown in January 1961, killing its three operators. The direct cause was the improper withdrawal by a maintenance team of a single reactor control rod. The event is the only reported fatal reactor accident in the United States.


title: Nuclear accident

text: On October 10, 1957, the graphite core of a British nuclear reactor at Windscale, Cumbria, caught fire, releasing substantial amounts of radioactive contamination into the surrounding area. The event, known as the Windscale fire, was considered the world's worst nuclear accident until the Three Mile Island accident in 1979.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The fire itself released an estimated 20,000 curies (700 |terabecquerels) of radioactive material into the nearby countryside. Of particular concern was the radioactive isotope iodine-131, which has a half-life of only 8 days but is taken up by the human body and stored in the thyroid. As a result, consumption of iodine-131 often leads to cancer of the thyroid.


title: Nuclear accident

text: No one was evacuated from the surrounding area, but there was concern that milk might be dangerously contaminated. Milk from about 500 km² of nearby countryside was destroyed (diluted a thousandfold and dumped in the Irish Sea) for about a month.


title: Nuclear accident

text: Mayak is the name of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plants 150 km northwest of Chelyabinsk in Russia. Working conditions at Mayak resulted in severe health hazards and many accidents, with a serious accident occurring in 1957.


title: Nuclear accident

text: The 1957 Kyshtym disaster occurred when the failure of the cooling system for a tank storing tens of thousands of tons of dissolved nuclear waste resulted in a non-nuclear explosion having a force estimated at about 75 tons of TNT (310 gigajoules), which released some 20 MCi (740 petabecquerels) of radiation. Subsequently, at least 200 people died of radiation sickness, 10,000 people were evacuated from their homes, and 470,000 people were exposed to radiation.


title: Nuclear accident

text: Nuclear reactors become easy targets during military conflict and, over the past three decades, have been repeatedly attacked:


title: Takeoff

text: Takeoff is the part of flight in which an aircraft goes from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually on a runway. For balloons, helicopters and some special aircraft (such as the Harrier), no runway is needed. Takeoff is the opposite of landing.


title: Race track

text: A race track is a special place built for racing. The racing may be for people, animals, or vehicles. Examples of animal racing are horse racing. Examples of vehicle racing are automobiles and motorcycles. A race track may have seats for the spectators to watch the race.


title: Xeon

text: Xeon is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed and manufactured by Intel Corporation. In 1988 Intel released the first microprocessor using the name Xeon.


title: Race track

text: Modern racetracks are designed with safety as the first priority. This is very important for race tracks used in auto racing. Safety for the spectator, track workers, and racers. Fences are often used to protect the spectators from the race track. Barriers, sometimes padded, are used to stop race cars if they run off the track.


title: Race track

text: Most race tracks are a closed loop. The start and finish line is at the same place. Some tracks are "open". They start at one point and end at a different location.


title: Race track

text: Some race tracks are in the general form of a circle or oval. Michigan International Speedway is an example of an oval track. The racers always turn in the same direction. In the United States, they normally turn left. NASCAR runs most of its races on oval tracks.


title: Race track

text: Some race tracks are called road courses. The racers turn both left and right. Donington Park in England is an example of a road course. Formula One runs most of its races on road courses. These types of tracks are often called "circuits", especially in Europe.


title: Race track

text: Some races tracks are temporary street courses. Regular public roads are temporally closed, and the race couse is set-up using the closed roads. One of the most famous street course is Circuit de Monaco. Every year, the Formula One Monaco Grand Prix is held on this course. These types of tracks are usually called "circuits".


title: Sedition

text: Sedition is a term from law, which is used for people who act and speak openly against the government and those in power, to cause an uprising or a rebellion. In many countries, such behaviour is a criminal offence.


title: Geometry Dash

text: Geometry Dash is a rhythm-based platform game developed and published by RobTop Games. It started being sold for two dollars on August 13, 2013. It is a 2D platform game that involves dodging geometric obstacles (spikes, walls, and creatures) in a series of levels that you can complete. You can also create your own levels in the editor, and play levels made by other people. To finish levels, you have to get through the whole level without dying. You can collect items such as coins, stars, orbs, and diamonds. There are different vehicles in the game.


title: Geometry Dash

text: The player uses the keyboard, touch screen, controller, or mouse (depending on what device they are using) to jump over obstacles in each level. The primary goal of each level is to complete the level without dying. If the character dies you are sent back to the beginning of the level. There are other goals such as collecting currencies such as coins, stars, orbs, or diamonds.


title: Geometry Dash

text: There are 21 main levels. 3 of them are demon levels which can be unlocked by collecting coins hidden throughout the levels.


title: Geometry Dash

text: Currency in Geometry Dash can range from being easy to hard to collect. Ways to collect currency are by completing quests for diamonds and completing map packs for secret coins and stars. Beating popular levels will give you orbs and will unlock user coin achievements if you collect the user coins.


title: Geometry Dash

text: Icons are a way of customizing your character. You can get icons by completing quests, achievements, and cracking vaults.


title: Geometry Dash

text: There are 3 different vaults in Geometry Dash. The original Vault requires 10 user coins, The Vault of Secrets requires 50 diamonds, and the Chamber of Time requires the Master Emblem. (sold in Scratch's Shop that requires 500 diamonds) Just like the Icon section, you can unlock different icons by secret codes in the vault.


title: Geometry Dash

text: The level editor uses different blocks, spikes, and decorations for you to add and create to your very own level. The level editor also allows you to do different things for a level. Background color changing, invisibility, movement triggers, and different variety of changes to your level creation. Update 2.1 added multiple different things to the level editor. Including dash orbs, the new spider vehicle, and a new orb, a push-down orb that is black.


title: Geometry Dash

text: RobTop released a number of spinoffs for the game, the first being Geometry Dash Lite, a demo version of the game without a level editor or many of the game's levels and icons. He then released Geometry Dash Meltdown, a teaser for GD 2.1 in 2015, Geometry Dash World, a teaser for 2.2 in 2016, and finally, Geometry Dash SubZero, another teaser for 2.2 in 2017.