title: Sophie Germain

text: "This article is about the mathematician Marie-Sophie Germain. For the number theory (set, or predicate), see Sophie Germain prime."Marie-Sophie Germain (April 1, 1776 – June 27, 1831) was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher who made important contributions to differential geometry and number theory. She was born in 1776 in an era of revolution. In the year of her birth, 1776, the American Revolution began. In many ways Sophie embodied the spirit of revolution into which she was born. She was a middle-class female who went against the wishes of her family and the social prejudices of the time to become a highly recognized mathematician. Like the member of a revolution, her life was full of perseverance and hard work. It took a long time for her to be recognized and appreciated for her contributions to the field of mathematics, but she did not give up. Even today, it is felt that she was never given as much credit as she was due for the contributions she made in number theory and mathematical physics because she was a woman.


title: Sophie Germain

text: Sophie Germain was born in Paris. As we have mentioned before, her family was quite wealthy. Her father was a merchant and later became director of the Bank of France. Sophie's interest in mathematics began during the French Revolution when she was 13 years old and confined to her home due to the danger caused by revolts in Paris. She initially received opposition from her parents and also the difficulties presented by the society for females to study. However, she had the opportunity to learn from books in her father’s library, so she spent a great deal of time in there. She read important scientists and one day she ran across a book in which the legend of Archimedes' death was recounted. This legend has it that during the invasion of his city by the Romans Archimedes was so engrossed in the study of a geometric figure in the sand that he failed to respond to the questioning of a Roman soldier. As a result, he was speared to death. This sparked Sophie's interest. If someone could be so engrossed in a problem as to ignore a soldier and then die for it, the subject must be interesting. Thus, she began her study of mathematics.


title: Sophie Germain

text: Sophie began teaching herself mathematics and other topics using the books in her father's library. But her parents felt that her interest was inappropriate for a female (the common belief of the middle-class in the 19th century), and they did all they could to discourage her. She began studying at night to escape them, but they went to such measures as taking away her clothes once she was in bed and depriving her of heat and light to make her stay in her bed at night instead of studying. However, their efforts failed. She would wrap herself in quilts and use candles she had hidden in order to study at night. Finally. and they realized that Sophie's passion for mathematics was "incurable," and they let her learn. Thus, Sophie spent the years of the Reign of Terror studying differential calculus without the aid of a tutor. She was self-taught.


title: Sophie Germain

text: In 1794, when Sophie was 18, the Ecole Polytechnique was founded in Paris. It was an academy to train mathematicians and scientists for the country, but women were not allowed to enroll. Nevertheless, Sophie was able to obtain the lecture notes for several of the courses and study from them. This gave her the opportunity to learn from many of the prominent mathematicians of those days. Sophie was particularly interested in the teachings of Joseph Louis Lagrange. Under the pseudonym of M. LeBlanc (a former student of Lagrange's), she submitted a paper on analysis to Lagrange at the end of the term. He was quite impressed with the work and wanted to meet the student who had written it. He was amazed that the author of the work was actually a female; he recognized her abilities and became her mentor. With a male to introduce her, Sophie could enter the circle of scientists and mathematicians that she never before could. Up until this point not only had her gender been a hindrance to her, but her social status had been too, because she was not an aristocratic woman but one of the middle class. Lagrange certainly made his colleagues aware that Germain was a girl with mathematical talent and several of them wrote to her; for instance, Monge. But not everyone treated her with the respect she deserved. One case was Jérôme Lalande. She started to talk to him about Laplace's Exposition du système du monde. Lalande told her that she should not be reading such works, rather she should be reading the second edition of his book Astronomie des dames. This "astronomy for ladies" does not contain a single mathematical equation and Germain felt insulted by his suggestion. Lalande sent her a letter of apology but she never forgave him.


title: Sophie Germain

text: However, Germain’s most famous correspondence began in 1804 with the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. She was intrigued with his work in number theory and sent him some of the results of her work. Again, she used her pseudonym to disguise her true identity; she feared being ignored because of being a woman. It was not until 1807 that Gauss found out who M. LeBlanc truly was. He was thrilled to find that his "pen pal" was a very gifted woman. Gauss was amazed for seeing that all the excellent that he could find in the interchange of letters and discussions came from a female, considered the weak gender. He was not bothered but pleased.


title: Sophie Germain

text: At about this time, in 1808, the French Academy of Sciences announced a contest to explain the "underlying mathematical law" of a German physicist's study on the vibration of elastic surfaces. Sophie was fascinated and set out to explain the law underlying Chladni's study. The Academy set a two-year deadline, and in 1811 Sophie submitted the only entry in the contest. Her lack of formal education was evident in the anonymous paper she submitted, and thus she was not awarded the prize. Lagrange corrected her errors and two years later she again entered the contest which had been extended. She received honorable mention this time. It was in 1816, when she entered for the third time and won with her paper Memoir on the Vibrations of Elastic Plates. After winning the contest, Sophie continued her work on the theory of elasticity publishing several more memoirs. Her work in the theory of elasticity would prove to be very important to the field.


title: Sophie Germain

text: Among her work done during these years is what would be her most important work in number theory. In 1820, Sophie made a statement about the divisibility of solutions to Fermat’s equation, for an odd prime p. She proved that if x, y, and z are integers and if x + y = z then either x, y, or z must be divisible by 5.


title: Sophie Germain

text: The prize from the Academy, however, was of immediate importance because it introduced her into the ranks of the prominent mathematicians of the time. She became the first woman who was not a wife of a member to attend the Academy of Sciences' sessions. She was also praised by the Institut de France and was invited to attend their sessions. Sophie continued working with well-known male mathematicians in the 1820s as an "equal collaborator" to refine her proofs and work in number theory; and also continued to work in philosophy until her death, in 1831.


title: Sophie Germain

text: After a battle with breast cancer, Sophie Germain died at the age of 55 on June 27, 1831 in Paris. Shortly before this Gauss, one of her earliest mentors, had convinced the University of Gottingen to give Sophie an honorary degree. She died before she could receive it.


Sophie Germain


title: Guarana

text: Guarana or Guaraná (, or ), "Paullinia cupana" (syn. "P. crysan, P. sorbilis"), is a shrub or small tree in the Sapindaceae family. It is native to Venezuela and northern Brazil. The seed of the Guaraná fruit is a stimulant with thermogenic and diuretic properties.


title: Guarana

text: The guaraná fruit's color ranges from orange to red and contain black seeds which are partly covered by white arils. The color contrast when the fruit has been split open has been likened to eyeballs; this has formed the basis of a myth "(see below)".


title: Guarana

text: Guaraná plays an important role in Tupi and Guaraní Brazilian culture. The name 'guaraná' is derived from the Tupi-Guarani word "wara'ná". These tribes believed, it was magical, a cure for bowel complaints and a way to regain strength. They also tell the myth of a 'Divine Child' that was killed by a serpent and whose eyes gave birth to this plant.


title: Guarana

text: Guaraná is mainly used as an ingredient in soft drinks and energy drinks. It is also used as a dietary supplement, generally to promote weight loss. In addition, it may be an ingredient in other foods.


title: Guarana

text: In addition to other chemicals, the guaraná plant contains caffeine (sometimes called "guaranine"), theophylline, and theobromine. Water extracts of the guarana plant are central nervous system stimulants due to the content of these alkaloids. Energy drink manufacturers typically add synthetic caffeine or caffeine derived from coffee decaffeination, though many advertise "natural" caffeine from the seeds of guaraná.


title: Guarana

text: Brazil produces several brands of soft drink from guaraná extract that contain no added caffeine. Each differs greatly in flavour; some have only a slight guaraná fruit taste. They are typically fizzy and sweet, with a very fruity aftertaste. Most guaraná drinks are produced in Brazil and consumed locally or in nearby countries, such as Paraguay. Major brands include Guaraná Antarctica, Guaraná Schin from Schincariol and Guaraná Brahma from AmBev, Kuat, and Guaraná Jesus, a local Brazilian brand named for the druggist that formulated it. Many local producers also create drinks not for export.


title: Guarana

text: Studies involving guaraná show benefits to cognitive function. They have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or any similar government agencies. In the United States, guaraná holds a GRAS-status, i.e. "generally regarded as safe" and must be labeled as "not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease."


title: Guarana

text: The Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics published a study in June 2001. This study shows an average 11.2 pound weight loss in a group taking a mixture of yerba mate, guaraná and damiana, compared to an average 1 pound loss in a placebo group after 45 days.


title: Guarana

text: A university study in Brazil of guaraná extract showed a platelet aggregation decrease of up to 37% of control values and a decrease of platelet thromboxane formation from arachidonic acid of up to 78% of control values. This study may be significant to stroke and heart attack risk reduction because when excess thromboxane formation occurs, an arterial blood clot can develop, resulting in a heart attack or ischemic stroke.


title: Guarana

text: A separate 1997 study of guaraná's effects on the physical activity of rats showed increased memory retention and physical endurance when compared with a placebo.


title: Guarana

text: Other studies have shown antioxidant, antibacterial, and fat cell reduction (when combined with conjugated linoleic acid) properties in guaraná


title: Guarana

text: Although side-effects of guaraná are rare, drugs.com recommends, "When considering the use of herbal supplements, consultation with a primary health care professional is advisable. Additionally, consultation with a practitioner trained in the uses of herbal/health supplements may be beneficial, and coordination of treatment among all health care providers involved may be advantageous". Drugs.com also advises not to mix guaraná with ephedrine.


title: Guarana

text: Guaraná seeds consist of mostly reddish vegetable fiber and resin with a small amount of oil and water. Guarana contains different amounts of caffeine, theobromine, theophylline and other alkaloids, compared to coffee, tea, mate, or cocoa.


title: Guarana

text: Duke1992a: Duke, James A. 1992. "Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants." Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.


title: Guarana

text: The chemical "guaranine" is identical to caffeine coming from other sources, for example coffee, tea and mate. Guaranine, theine, mateine are all official synonyms for caffeine.


title: Kevin Michael Richardson

text: Kevin Michael Richardson (born October 25, 1964) is an American actor, producer, writer, and voice artist.


title: Vodafone

text: Vodafone is a mobile phone network operator. Its headquarters are in Newbury, Berkshire, England. It is the largest mobile phone network company in the world; it has a market value of about £75 billion (June 2008).


title: House of Saud

text: The House of Saud ( ) is the royal family of Saudi Arabia. They are descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi state (1727–1818). Members of his family are usually future Saudi Kings. The family has almost 15,000 members; however about 2,000 of them are royals. The family's net worth are said to be at $1.4 trillion.


title: Bullock County, Alabama

text: Bullock County, Alabama is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of Colonel Edward C. Bullock of Barbour County. As of 2010 the population was 10,914.


title: Bullock County, Alabama

text: Bullock County was formed on December 5, 1866. The boundaries were changed in February 1867. In 1867, Union Springs was chosen as the county seat.


title: Bullock County, Alabama

text: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.83%) is land and (or 0.17%) is water. The county is in the southeastern section of the state, in the prairie region. The Chunnennuggee Ridge runs through the center of the county.


title: Bullock County, Alabama

text: Franklin Field is a county-owned public-use airport. It is located five nautical miles (9 km) west of the central business district of Union Springs, Alabama.


title: Bullock County, Alabama

text: Bullock County is home to several historic homes including the McCaslan-Garner House and Bonus-Foster-Chapman House.


title: Sedimentology

text: Sedimentology is the study of sediments such as sand, mud (silt), and clay. How they are laid down today is used to understand how rocks were formed. A person who studied sedimentology is called Sedimentologist. They use their understanding of modern processes to interpret sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures.


title: Sedimentology

text: Sedimentary rocks cover most of the Earth's surface, record much of the Earth's history, and contain the fossil record. Sedimentology is closely linked to stratigraphy, which is the study of the physical and temporal (time) relationships between rock layers or strata.


title: Sedimentology

text: The idea that the processes affecting the earth today are the same as in the past is called uniformitarianism. It is the basis for finding out how sedimentary features in the rock record were formed. By comparing similar features today to features in the rock record—for example, by comparing modern sand dunes to dunes preserved in ancient aeolian sandstones—geologists reconstruct past environments.


title: Varnish

text: Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a solvent.


title: Varnish

text: Most resin or "gum" varnishes are made of a natural substance dissolved in a solvent. The two main types of natural varnishes are "spirit varnish" (which uses alcohol as a solvent) and turpentine or petroleum-based varnish. Some resins are soluble in both alcohol and turpentine.


title: Varnish

text: Shellac is a very widely used single component resin varnish that is dissolved in alcohol. It is not used outdoors or where it will touch water several times, such as around a sink or bathtub. insects in South Asia make it.


title: Docklands Light Railway

text: The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) is a light metro or light rail system in London, England. It opened on 31 August 1987 to serve the redeveloped Docklands area of East London. It currently covers several areas of London. To the north, it reaches Stratford. To the south, Lewisham. To the west, Tower Gateway and Bank in the City of London financial district. To the east, Beckton, London City Airport and Woolwich Arsenal. The DLR is fully computer operated. It is automated and the only job is the emergency stop button.


title: David Hubel

text: David Hunter Hubel (February 27, 1926 – September 22, 2013) was a Canadian neurophysiologist noted for his studies of the structure and function of the visual cortex. He was co-recipient with Torsten Wiesel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with Roger W. Sperry), for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system.


title: David Hubel

text: For much of his career, Hubel was the John Franklin Enders University Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School. In 1978, Hubel and Wiesel were awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University.


title: David Hubel

text: David Hunter Hubel (February 27, 1926 September 22, 2013) was a Professor of Neurobiology Emeritus at Harvard Medical School.


title: David Hubel

text: Hubel was co-recipient with Torsten Wiesel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries about information processing in the visual system. The prize was shared with Roger Sperry for his independent research on the cerebral hemispheres.


title: David Hubel

text: In one experiment, done in 1959, they inserted a microelectrode into the primary visual cortex of an anesthetized cat. They then projected patterns of light and dark on a screen in front of the cat. They found that some neurons fired rapidly when presented with lines at one angle, while others responded best to another angle. Some of these neurons responded differently to light patterns than to dark patterns. Hubel and Wiesel called these neurons 'simple cells'.


title: David Hubel

text: Still other neurons, which they called 'complex cells', detected edges regardless of how they were placed in the visual field, and could detect motion in certain directions. These studies showed how the visual system constructs complex pictures of visual information from simple stimulus features.


title: David Hubel

text: By depriving kittens from using one eye, they showed that columns in the primary visual cortex receiving inputs from the other eye took over the areas that would normally receive input from the deprived eye.


title: David Hubel

text: These kittens did not develop areas receiving input from both eyes, a feature needed for binocular vision. Hubel and Wiesel's experiments showed that ocular dominance (dominance of one eye is normal) develops early in childhood development, and cannot be reversed. Several childhood vision problems were understood better after this work.


title: John Higgins

text: John Higgins (born 18 May 1975) is a Scottish professional snooker player. He has won the World Championship four times. He has also lost in the final four times.


title: Reynaldo Bignone

text: Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone (January 21, 1928 – March 7, 2018) was an Argentine general. He was the dictatorial President of Argentina from July 1, 1982 to December 10, 1983. In 2010, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison for his role in the kidnappings, torture, and murders of the Dirty War. Along with Omar Graffigna, he was one of the last two surviving members of the military dictatorship Juntas.


title: John Higgins

text: In the modern snooker era only Stephen Hendry (7), Steve Davis (6), Ray Reardon (6) and Ronnie O'Sullivan (5) were more often world champion.


title: Reynaldo Bignone

text: Bignone was born on January 21, 1928 in Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina. He studied at the National War College. He was never married and had no children.


title: John Higgins

text: Higgins started his professional career in 1992. Because of a betting scandal in 2010, he was banned for six months, but successfully returned to the World Snooker Tour.


title: Reynaldo Bignone

text: On April 20, 2010, Bignone was sentenced to 25 years in prison for his involvement in the kidnapping, torture and murder of 56 people, including guerrilla fighters, at the extermination center in the Campo de Mayo military complex.


title: Reynaldo Bignone

text: On December 29, 2011, Bignone received a further 15-year prison sentence for crimes against humanity. That was for setting up a secret torture center inside a hospital during the 1976 military coup.


title: Reynaldo Bignone

text: On July 5, 2012, Bignone was sentenced to 15 years in prison. That was for his participation in a scheme to steal babies from parents detained by the military regime. According to the court decision, Bignone was an accomplice "in the crimes of theft, retention and hiding of minors, as well as replacing their identities."


title: Reynaldo Bignone

text: Bignone died on March 7, 2018 at the military hospital in Buenos Aires from congestive heart failure caused by septic shock after suffering a broken hip at the age of 90.


title: Dayananda Saraswati

text: Dayananda Saraswati (, "Maharshi Dayānand Sarasvatī") born (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883), at Tankara was an important Hindu religious leader of his time. He was the founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement of the Vedic tradition. He was a scholar of Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. He was the first to give the call for "Swarajya" as "India for Indians" in 1876.


title: Dayananda Saraswati

text: Maharshi Dayananda taught the doctrine of Karma (Karmasiddhanta in Hinduism) and Reincarnation (Punarjanma in Hinduism). He emphasized the Vedic ideals of "brahmacharya" (celibacy) and "Bhakti" (devotion to God). He promoted equal rights for women. This included the right to education and reading of Indian scriptures. He was against child marriage. He was also against idol worshipping and animal sacrifice. He spoke out against other religions, especially Islam and Christianity. He felt they were out to destroy the Hindu faith.


title: Neue Deutsche Härte

text: Neue Deutsche Härte (; "New German Hardness"), sometimes shortened to NDH, is a style of rock music popular in Germany and Austria. Starting from Neue Deutsche Welle, the term was used by the music press after the release of Rammstein's first album "Herzeleid".


title: Neue Deutsche Härte

text: Neue Deutsche Härte has a crossover style from Neue Deutsche Welle, alternative metal and groove metal. They merge it with elements from electro-industrial and techno. The lyrics are usually in German. NDH bands usually have the basics for a metal band: electric guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals. They can also have keyboards, synthesizers, samples and sometimes extra percussion. In most NDH songs, there is an importance of showing predominance. This is done by over-pronouncing some syllables and sounds (such as the uvular [sound made with the uvula] or alveolar trill [sound made with the tongue touching or near the alveolar]). The vocals are usually in a deep, male and clean voice. Some bands use screaming and death growls, which is also usual, used in songs by Oomph!, Rammstein, Joachim Witt, Megaherz, and Eisbrecher. NDH is often shown as strong masculine and militaristic. The guitars are usually tuned low, to drop D or drop C. They are also usually distorted heavily.


title: Neue Deutsche Härte

text: The basics of the NDH style were set up by Oomph!, on their second album, "Sperm" (1994), and by Rammstein with their first album "Herzeleid" (1995). In those days, Oomph!'s biggest impact was from groove metal bands such as Prong, Pantera and Sepultura. Rammstein, who takes inspiration from many bands, such as Depeche Mode and Ministry, is the style's most famous and successful band that uses this style. NDH is specially successful in continental Europe; Rammstein having sold almost four million records in Germany, and earning gold and platinum records in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland and Finland.


title: Neue Deutsche Härte

text: Oomph! got a gold record for their 2004 single "Augen auf!" in Austria and Germany. Eisbrecher's 2004 self-titled debut album came at No. 13 on the Deutschen Alternative Top 20 Chart, while their second album came at No. 85 on the German main chart.


title: Neue Deutsche Härte

text: In 2011, comedian and musician Bill Bailey released a cover of Simon & Garfunkel's "Scarborough Fair" in the style of Rammstein, copying the NDH style. The lyrics are translated word for word and does not make sense in German.


title: Neue Deutsche Härte

text: Platz, Nym and Balanck shows Neue Deutsch Härte, in Nym's compilation "Iridescent Dark", as a strong and powerful mix of German metal and hardcore influences and elements of techno – all coming together with the abilities of modern music production. The instruments are usually guitars, bass guitars, drums, vocals, electric synthesizers and sometimes drum machines.


title: The Emoji Movie

text: The Emoji Movie is a movie from Sony Pictures. It is about little faces used to text with called, "emojis." Emojis are part of United States pop culture. The movie is about 3 emojis going on an epic adventure in a smartphone to save their universe from deletion.


title: The Boston Globe

text: The Boston Globe is an American daily newspaper based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1872 by Charles H. Taylor, it was privately held until 1973. The "Boston Globe" has been awarded 23 Pulitzer Prizes since 1966, and its chief print rival is the "Boston Herald". In 2002, they exposed the massive child abuse cover-up by the Roman Catholic Church.


title: The Emoji Movie

text: Most critics did not like the movie for many reasons. They did not like the plot of the movie, because they think the movie was lazily created and simply designed for advertising product placement. They also stated that "The Emoji Movie" lacks originality and is too similar to other movies. With a rating of 9% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, it is considerably the worst animated movie of 2017.


title: Christiane Taubira

text: On 15 May 2012, Taubira was appointed Minister of Justice of France in the Ayrault Government under President François Hollande. She resigned from office on 27 January 2016.


title: President of Indonesia

text: The President of the Indonesia Republic is the head of state of Indonesia. The current President is Joko Widodo.


title: Planes, Trains and Automobiles

text: Planes, Trains and Automobiles is a 1987 American comedy movie released by Paramount Pictures. It was written, produced and directed by John Hughes. It stars Steve Martin and John Candy.


title: Planes, Trains and Automobiles

text: The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 94% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. "Siskel & Ebert" gave the movie two thumbs up and Siskel declared that was it John Candy’s best role to date. The movie is featured in Roger Ebert's Great Movies collection.


title: Lee Dong-hae

text: Lee Dong-hae () (born 15 October 1986 ), commonly known as just Donghae (), is a South Korean singer, songwriter and actor. He is best known as a member of the K-pop boy band Super Junior and its subgroup, Super Junior-M and Super Junior-Donghae & Eunhyuk. He is also one of the first four Korean artists to appear on Chinese postage stamps.


title: Richard Hatch

text: Richard Lawrence Hatch (May 21, 1945 – February 7, 2017) was an American actor, writer, and producer. He was best known for his role as Captain Apollo in the original "Battlestar Galactica" television series, and also as Tom Zarek in the 2003 remake of "Battlestar Galactica".


title: Richard Hatch

text: Hatch was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his role as Apollo. Early in his career, Hatch won an Obie Award for his role in the musical "PS Your Cat Is Dead".


title: Richard Hatch

text: Hatch was also known for his role as Philip Brent in "All My Children" and as Inspector Dan Robbins in "The Streets of San Francisco".


title: Richard Hatch

text: Hatch was born in Santa Monica, California. He worked in Chicago, Illinois during his early stage career. Hatch died on February 7, 2017 from pancreatic cancer under hospice care in Los Angeles, aged 71.


title: Elliptical orbit

text: In astronomy, an elliptical orbit refers to an object (such as a planet or star) which orbits around a central body in an elliptical motion. This motion follows Kepler's Laws. An elliptical orbit occurs when the eccentricity of its orbit is greater than 0, and less than 1.


title: Serena (Pokémon)

text: Serena character was designed by Ken Sugimori and Atsuko Nishida for the video game series. While the anime and movie was designed by Toshihito Hirooka, and for manga by Satoshi Yamamoto. Her name comes from the French word "serein", meaning "calm" or "peaceful".


title: Elliptical orbit

text: The Moon moves around the Earth in an elliptical orbit, and the planets move around the Sun in an elliptical orbit.


title: Serena (Pokémon)

text: Serena first appears in "Pokémon X and Y" as a playable character if the player chooses, and also as a rival if player chooses a male character, Calem.


title: Elliptical orbit

text: Other types of motion in astronomy include circular orbit, parabolic trajectory, and hyperbolic trajectory.


title: Serena (Pokémon)

text: In "Pokémon Masters EX", she appears as a Pokemon Trainer and forms a sync pair with Fennekin and its evolutions Braixen and Delphox. She also appears alongside Calem as a Pokémon Trainer trophy in "Super Smash Bros."


title: Serena (Pokémon)

text: Serena first appeared in "'s" episode "Kalos, Where Dreams and Adventures Begin!" It is known that she already knew each other with Ash Ketchum when they both attended Professor Oak's summer camp in Pallet Town. During the event, Serena lost her way and fell in the forest before being helped by Ash. Since then, she has had a crush on Ash and when Ash arrived at Kalos, her original intention was to return the handkerchief he had used to bandage her wound. Serena then chose to make a career as a Pokemon Performer after attending Sycamore summer camp. She has a dream to become a Kalos Queen. After Ash finished the event in the Kalos League, Serena then decided to continue her career by going to Hoenn. Before parting, she gave Ash a kiss as well as revealing her feelings that were stored all this time.


title: Serena (Pokémon)

text: Serena is back in a cameo appearance in "". She encouraged Chloe to attend the Lilycove City Pokémon Contest. Just before Ash, Chloe, and Goh departed for Vermillion City, she briefly reunited with Ash where they both shared their respective goals to each other. She also promised to support Ash in World Coordination Series.


title: Serena (Pokémon)

text: In "Pokémon Adventures" chapter X & Y, a female character named Y or Yvonne Gabena is loosely based on Serena.


title: Serena (Pokémon)

text: Serena appeared in "Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction" and "Hoopa and the Clash of Ages" manga, serving the same role as in the respective movies they were based on.


title: Serena (Pokémon)

text: As Ash's only female traveling companion in the anime who kissed him on lips, Serena received mixed responses. Scott Wilson from "Sora News" found it 'disgusting' because both Ash and Serena in the anime are both 10 years old. Meanwhile, "Comic Book"'s Megan Peters considers Serena to be one of Ash's best travel buddies, if not his greatest. Levana Jane from "Game Rant" depicts Serena as a female figure who developed very differently from Ash's previous friends who appeared in the anime. While Laura Gray of "Screen Rant" wrote that Serena in the video game is a different and separate character from Serena in the anime.


title: Quinton Flynn

text: Quinton Joseph Flynn (born October 10, 1964) is an American voice actor. Who has done many various voice roles in television shows, anime, films and video games.


title: Quinton Flynn

text: He is most notable for providing the English voices of video game characters. Right now, he is the new voice of Silver the Hedgehog.


title: Oddworld

text: Oddworld is a 1997 video game series that has won many awards. It was created by Oddworld Inhabitants and was founded by Lorne Lanning and Sherry McKenna. The name is for both the series and the fictional universe where the games in the series take place. The first game in the series, "" was first sold in 1997 and was the first game for the Oddworld Quintology. Between 1997 and 2005, a total of four different games have been sold and from 2010-2012 Munch's Oddysee and Stranger's Wrath games were made for PC and made in HD for the Playstation 3. The games have also been developed by several developers. GT Interactive developed Abe's Oddysee and Abe's Exoddus, Microsoft Gaming Studios developed Munch's Oddysee, EA Games developed Stranger's Wrath, and Just Add Water (Developments LTD) have developed Stranger's Wrath HD, Munch's Oddysee HD, and Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty. The games themselves were set in the part of Oddworld called Mudos.


title: Oddworld

text: "Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee" was the first game in the series and the Quintology. It is a 2D flip-scrolling platform game. It was first sold in September 1997 for the PlayStation video game console and Microsoft Windows. In the game, the player plays as Abe who works in a meat processing plant called RuptureFarms. The game flips through different screens. Some screens have creatures from the Oddworld universe which are programmed to kill Abe. Each Abe game has a feature called GameSpeak where Abe can speak to his fellow Mudokons and take control of the Slig. This is done by chanting. Once the Slig is possessed, he can do what he could do whilst he was not possessed but he can shoot other Sligs and Slogs and unlock doors and electric walls The goal of the game is to save Abe's friends who are known as "Mudokons". There are 99 Mudokons in the game. Some of them are hidden in secret areas and when Abe lands in a secret area, the game will give the player an audio cue. The game has two different ways it ends. If, at the end of the game, the player does not save at least 50 native Mudokons, the bad ending will appear instead of the good ending. The game was re-released as Classics on PC in 2008 on Steam and then on PS3 on Playstation Network in 2009. A Gameboy version called Oddworld: Adventures was released in 1998 by Saffire Corporation and it was a shorter version of Abe's Oddysee.


title: Oddworld

text: Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus was the second game in the series . It was released in November 1998 for the PlayStation video game console and Microsoft Windows and was released as a bonus title. The game play is the same as Abe's Oddysee but with different levels and secret areas. It also has a better GameSpeak than the other game and Abe can have more than one Mudokons following by saying "All o'ya!" and Scrabs, Paramites and Glukons can be possessed. There are 300 Mudokons and the Mudokons have different emotions. They could become angry, depressed or sick, There are new Oddworld creatures as well as different versions of creatures from the first game, for example flying and crawling "Sligs". The game was re-released as Classics in 2008 for PC on Steam and re-released on Playstation Network for the PS3 in 2009. A Gameboy Color version was released in November 1999 by Saffire Corporation. This was a shortened version of the entire game. A well known fan of the game is working on a full 3D remake of the original game titled Twice Ze Flavor after Oddworld Inhabitants messaged the fan on Twitter saying that he can make a fan game but he has to use his own assests and source code. The remake will be built with freelance designers and developers who had pervious experience in the games industry and a Demo version of the ame will be similar to the original demo with just Tunnel 1 and Tunnel 2 and it's secret areas. The game will also have a Classic mode option for people who like the original voices and sound effects from the original games.Twice Ze Flavor Fangame Site


title: Oddworld

text: Oddworld Munch's Oddysee was the second game to be part of the Quintology. When it was released in 2001, it was only for Xbox and can be played with Munch or Abe and the storyline continued after what happened in Abe's Exoddus. Munch was a new playable character and he was a Gabbit. There were more things to rescue in this game. Abe has to rescue his Native Mudokons. Munch has to rescue fuzzles and labour eggs The endings in the game were based on the Quarma. If the player had a good Quarma, the good ending movie will be played. If the player has a bad quarma, the bad ending movie will be played. A Game Boy Advance version was also released. The original PC port was released in 2010. The game was re-released on PS3 in high definition by Just Add Water in 2012 and was re-released on the PC by Square One Games with a new port in 2016 and was released on the Mac App Store in 2015.


title: Oddworld

text: Oddworld: Strangers Wrath was a game developed by EA games in 2005 that was set in the western side of Mudos. The game was all about a bounty hunter called Stranger. It was a third-person and first person platformer. It was released for the PS3 in HD in 2011 by Just Add Water and was ported to PC by Just Add Water in 2010 followed by a mobile port in 2014 and a macOS port in 2015.


title: Oddworld

text: Oddworld New 'n' Tasty is a re-creation and re-make of Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee. The game is a 2.5D side scrolling platform and the graphics are in 3D. The cut scenes were made in the game engine. In the new game, there are some new features that the original game didn't have such as QuikSave and having multiple Mudokons following Abe at once. First the game was set to released in the Autumn of 2013 and that was revealed at Eurogamer Expo 2012 by Stewart Gilray (who sadly passed away in Janurary 2022 due to COVID-19), the Development Director of Oddworld Inhabitants and Chief Executive Officer of Just Add Water. Then in November 2013 at the Playstation 4 launch event in the United Kingdom, Oddworld released a story trailer and the trailer said it will be released in Spring 2014. In a podcast by a reporter called TheSixthAxis, Gilray said that the reason why they had to delay the release window was because they switched to a new game engine called Unity nine months during development with the old engine. The game was released on July 22nd in North America and on July 23 in Europe on the Playstation Store for the PlayStation 4 in 2014. In 2015, the PC, Mac and Linux and PS3 ports were released. In 2016, the Wii U and PS Vita versions were released. The game also has leaderboards which give a list of best times for each level, the highest amount of Mudokons saved and best overall time.


title: Oddworld

text: Oddworld: Soulstorm was released in 2021 reciving mixed reviews, being released on consoles and PC. An enhanced edition came out November 2021.


title: Oddworld

text: "Oddworld: Soulstorm" received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.


title: Oddworld

text: Travis Northup of "IGN" considered it "an excellent remake of a delightfully weird '90s platformer with tons of charm, challenge... and annoying bugs".


title: Oddworld

text: Chris Carter, writing for "Destructoid", praised the levels for their openness and amount of content, as well as the variety in gameplay; he particularly commended the improvements to the series' mechanics, calling the movement system "one of the best parts of "Soulstorm"". However, he criticized aspects of menu navigation, writing it was "testy at times and requires a firm few (button) mashes to get going", as well as checkpoint placement and technical issues.


title: Oddworld

text: In the most recent discussion with Lorne at the Game Developers Conference in California, Lorne told Eurogamer that if New 'n' Tasty sells 250,000 copies, he will have enough money to fund an HD re-make of Abe's Exoddus which is the next project in the series to have an HD Re-make. In 2016, it was confirmed that Oddworld: Soulstorm will be the sequel to w 'n' Tasty. The game is set to be released in 2017. Soulstorm was released in 2021.


title: Oddworld

text: When Oddworld became digital only in 2010, they released a package for the PC called the OddBoxx. This package contains all four Oddworld games together and they can all be downloaded at once. It is also available on the PS3. In 2013 Oddworld released a bundle called the AbeBoxx for the PS3 which contains all two Abe games.


title: Oddworld

text: There are several creatures that live on Oddworld and they act as enemies in the games. These include:


title: Oddworld

text: Sligs are like security guards when if Abe is seen, the Slig shouts "freeze!" and kills Abe with it's machine gun. Some Sligs in the game don't say freeze at all and just shoot Abe. There are different variants with the Sligs such as flying Sligs and crawling Sligs. When Abe takes control of the Slig, he has the ability to shout "Look Out!" which makes the native Mudokons duck and it can say "Here boy" to a Slog so that the Slog can kill other Sligs or native Mudokons.


title: Oddworld

text: Scrabs are first seen in Scrabania and are creatures which like to kill Abe. They chop him up. They are related to Paramites.


title: Oddworld

text: Slogs are dog-like creatures that live on Oddworld. Sligs train them so that if there is a Mudokon on sight, the Slog will eat him.


title: Oddworld

text: The Glukons are the main enemies in the game. They give orders to the Sligs in Abe's Exoddus and Mullock is the Glukon in the original game.


title: Josephoartigasia

text: Josephoartigasia is an extinct genus of giant rodent from the Pliocene. It is related to the living pacarana. The genus includes the largest known rodent, "Josephoartigasia monesi".


title: Dil Dhadakne Do

text: Dil Dhadakne Do () is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama movie directed by Zoya Akhtar, and produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Farhan Akhtar. The movie features an ensemble cast of Anil Kapoor, Shefali Shah, Priyanka Chopra, Ranveer Singh, Anushka Sharma and Farhan Akhtar, with a voice-over performance by Aamir Khan as the family dog Pluto, the narrator of the movie. The supporting cast also includes Rahul Bose, Zarina Wahab, Vikrant Massey, Pawan Chopra, Parmeet Sethi, Dolly Mattdo and Manoj Pahwa. The soundtrack was composed by the trio Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. The movie was released worldwide on 5 June 2015 to positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances of Kapoor, Shah, Chopra and Singh, who portrayed the members of the Mehra family, as well as Akhtar's direction, cinematography and costumes. The movie grossed 1.45 billion at the box office against a production and marketing budget of 850 million, and earned a number of accolades. It received five Filmfare nominations, winning Best Supporting Actor for Kapoor. "Dil Dhadakne Do" also received nine nominations at the 2016 Screen Awards, including Best Film, and won two, Best Supporting Actor for Kapoor and Best Ensemble Cast.


title: Josephoartigasia

text: The two species would have looked like gigantic pacarana, or capybaras the size of cows. However, Dr Virginie Millien, from McGill University in Montreal, said the mathematical models originally used to calculate the rodent's mass from its skull probably overestimated its body size.


title: Vark

text: Vark is a super fine filigree foil sheet of pure metals. It is usually made of silver but sometimes gold. It is used to decorate South Asian sweets and food. It is also placed on saffroned rice to make it look more appetising. The silver and gold are edible and flavorless. Varak is made by pounding silver into sheets a few micrometres (μm) thick. It breaks easily into smaller pieces if touched. Vark sheets are laid or rolled over some South Asian sweets, confectionery, dry fruits and spices.


title: Animaniacs

text: Animaniacs is an American animated television series created by Tom Ruegger. It is the second animated series produced by Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment alongside Warner Bros. Animation.


title: Animaniacs

text: The show first aired on the Fox Network as part of its Fox Kids block from 1993 to 1995 before moving to The WB in 1995 until the series ended in 1998. It initially ran a total of 99 episodes and one movie being "Wakko's Wish".


title: Animaniacs

text: • Yakko Warner is one of the five main characters of Animaniacs. He is tallest and the oldest siblings of the Warner Brothers.


title: Animaniacs

text: • Wakko Warner is one of the five main characters of Animaniacs. He is the middle sibling of the Warner Brothers.


title: Animaniacs

text: • Dot Warner is one of the five main characters of Animaniacs. She is the youngest sibling of the Warner Brothers.


title: Animaniacs

text: • Pinky is one of the five main characters of Animaniacs. He and the Brain are trying to take over the world.


title: Animaniacs

text: • Brain is one of the five main characters of Animaniacs. He and Pinky are trying to take over the world.


title: Animaniacs

text: A reboot of the series was announced by Hulu in January 2018 and expected to air starting in 2020 called Animaniacs (2020 TV series).


title: Aquatics at the 1922 Women's Olympiad

text: During the competitions Sweden secured 4 victories, the Netherlands 3 victories, France won 2 events and United Kingdom won 1 event.


title: Aquatics at the 1922 Women's Olympiad

text: The venue of the aquatics events was the so called "Stade Nautique du Port" at the Port Hercules, the port of Monaco. The harbour contained the water was of the Mediterranean sea. The swimmers had to deal with the temperature of the sea water of 13 degrees Celcius. A rectangular competition area in the harbor was created by means of the quay and boats, and measured 50x12 metres. The public could watch the matches from the quay as well as from the boats. From the quay, a scaffolding had been built for the diving competitions with the springboard and above it the 5-meter platform.


title: Aquatics at the 1922 Women's Olympiad

text: In mid-April it was announced 52 athletes entered for the aquatic events. Athletes from eight European countries participated: Belgium, France, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Denmark that has been named as a participating nation didn't compete.


title: Aquatics at the 1922 Women's Olympiad

text: The participants from all nations gathered in Paris. From there they made together the journey to Monte Carlo. In Monte Carlo the participants were welcomed by Drigny, the secretary of the French Swimming Federation and board members of the International Sporting Club Monaco.


title: Aquatics at the 1922 Women's Olympiad

text: <nowiki>*</nowiki>Denmark is named as one of the competing nations. However, another source indicates they were not officialy registered a few days before the event, and no results of Danish swimmers have been found.


title: Aquatics at the 1922 Women's Olympiad

text: Six international swimming events were held, including two relay events. Next to the international events, one regional swimming event was held with only French participants. The event was the 100 metres freestyle.


title: Marthe Gosteli

text: Gosteli led the fight for women's right to vote in Switzerland. Later she focused her attention on preserving the history of Swiss women. She created an archive of women's biographies and history. Gosteli's work was recognized by many honors and awards, including the 2011 Swiss Human Rights Award.


title: Patrick Delsemme

text: Patrick Delsemme (13 September 1974 – 8 December 2022) was a Belgian snooker player from Liège. He has been named one of the greatest Belgian snooker talents ever.


title: Patrick Delsemme

text: When he was 17 years old he finished second at the under-21 world championships in Bangalore, losing the final from Ronnie O'Sullivan. A year later he finished again second in Brunei, losing this time from Robin Hull. Delsemme became Belgian junior champion in 1991 and 1992 and became senior champion in 1995 andd 1997. He was for seven years a professional player. In 2001 he had his best season where he was ranked 107th worldwide, he was suspended for two years after testing positive for the use of cannabis twice. He also lost his ranking points and also had to pay back the prize money he won at those tournaments (£11,000).


title: Patrick Delsemme

text: In 2022 Delsemme had taken part by invitation in a major snooker tournament in Casablanca, Morocco, where he died on 8 December 2022, at the age of 48.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: Jacqueline R. Walorski (, August 17, 1963 – August 3, 2022) was an American politician. She was the U.S. representative for Indiana's 2nd congressional district from 2013 until her death in 2022. She was a member of the Republican Party. She was a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from 2005 to 2010.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: Walorski was born in South Bend, Indiana, on August 17, 1963. She studied at Liberty University and at Taylor University. In 1995, she married Dean Swihart.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: Walorski began her career as a television reporter in South Bend from 1985 to 1989. Walorski moved to Romania in 2000 to focus on charity work and Christian missionary work for children there. She returned to the United States in 2004.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: In 2004, Walorski ran for the Indiana House of Representatives. She ran for Indiana's 2nd District. Walorski beat Democrat Carl H. Kaser in a landslide victory with a 64% to 36% vote margin. In 2006, she won a second term with 53% of the vote. In 2008, she won a third term without anyone running against her.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: In January 2009, Walorski announced her candidacy to run against Democratic U.S. Representative Joe Donnelly. She won the Republican primary in May 2010. She lost the general election with a 48% to 47% vote margin.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: Donnelly decided not to run for reelection in the U.S. House, instead wanted to run for the U.S. Senate in 2012. In May 2012, Walorski won the Republican nomination for the U.S. House seat. Walorski would go on to win the general election with a 49% to 48% vote margin.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: In June 2017, she was honored with the Commander of the Order of the Star of Romania in Romania for her charity work there in the early 2000s.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: Walorski voted against the second impeachment of Donald Trump and voted to not approve the certification of the 2020 United States presidential election.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: In December 2020, Walorski was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives who supported "Texas v. Pennsylvania", a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court. This was an attempt to overturn the results of the 2020 United States presidential election, in which Joe Biden beat Donald Trump.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: Walorski was killed in a car crash near Nappanee, Indiana on August 3, 2022 at the age of 58. Three other people were killed in the accident including her communications director, Emma Thomson, and her district director, Zachery Potts. The accident was caused when Walorski's car crashed with another car on State Road 19. Her funeral was held on August 11 in Granger, Indiana and she was buried at Southlawn Cemetery in South Bend.


title: Jackie Walorski

text: U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said flags would be at half-staff at the United States Capitol in her honor. House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg, former Vice President Mike Pence, former President Donald Trump, and President Joe Biden released statements after her death honoring her.


title: WYSIWYG

text: WYSIWYG ( or ), is an acronym for "What You See Is What You Get", used in computing to describe a system where things you edit on the on-screen editor appear almost the same to the final output, which might be a printed document, a web page, a PowerPoint presentation or even the lighting for a concert. Web designers often use this word to talk about their work.


title: Happy Tree Friends

text: Happy Tree Friends is an American adult animated web series. It was created by Aubrey Ankrum, Rhode Montijo, and Kenn Navarro, developed by Montijo, Navarro, and Jeremy Viet Duong for Mondo Media. It had achieved a cult following on YouTube. Montijo, Navarro, Graff, Ankrum also serve as the as showrunners.


title: Happy Tree Friends

text: Despite the childlike art style of the series and having a colorful cast of characters, the show would often have the animals go through very violent situations, complete with detailed gore. These twists happen during each episode, which was met with surprised and positive reactions and reviews. The portrayal of death in "Happy Tree Friends" is usually very extreme and anatomically correct, the special effects are oftem more vivid and of exaggerated detail.


title: Happy Tree Friends

text: The official music videos are comparable to that of "Nirvana" (the short cartoon featured on their song "Smells Like Teen Spirit"), Soundgarden, Alice in Chains and Pearl Jam. The series is also referenced in the music video "Carpal Tunnel of Love" by rock band Fall Out Boy, in which the members are designed like the animal characters by the webseries' staff. The band members end up dying in the music video by a tow cable.


title: Happy Tree Friends

text: The program has little to no speech. When the characters do speak, their words are severely garbled. It is easy to tell what each character's reaction is, but their words are very hard to understand. According to its website, the idea for "Happy Tree Friends" was created by Rhode Montijo when he drew a yellow volkswagen rabbit, that may have evolved into the character of Cuddles, on a piece of paper and wrote "Resistance Is Futile" underneath it.


title: Happy Tree Friends

text: A "Happy Tree Friends" spin-off called "Ka-Pow!" premiered on September 2, 2008. One of the characters was also featured in a video titled "YouTube Copyright School", which curiously enough is not intended to be as twisted and gory.


title: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

text: The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (), or CBC, is a national television and radio broadcasting company in Canada. It was formed in 1936 and is a Canadian Crown corporation, which means it is owned by the Canadian government.


title: Bogeyman

text: This creature exists in the cultures of most European countries. Its undefined appearance make him more terrifying.


title: Bogeyman

text: In Germany he is known as Schwarze Mann (Black Man). He lives under the children bed, in the night forest and in the wardrobe. In Germany the tag game Black Man is very popular. A similar game is British Bulldog.


title: Hamilton Mourão

text: Antônio Hamilton Martins Mourão (born 15 August 1953) is a Brazilian politician and retired Army General. He is currently the Vice President of Brazil since 1 January 2019. He held the highest post a Brazilian soldier can reach during peace time. He is also the son of General Antônio Hamilton Mourão and Wanda Coronel Martins. He retired from the military on February 28, 2018. Mourão is the first indigenous person who became vice president.


title: Hamilton Mourão

text: On May 8, 2018, Mourão announced his membership of the Brazilian Labor Renewal Party (PRTB), and his plans to run for President of Brazil. However, in August of 2018, Mourão became the running mate of right-wing Presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro. They won the second round of the election on 28 October 2018.


title: Hamilton Mourão

text: Mourão is a controversial person mainly because of his support of the country's 1964–1985 military dictatorship. He has also disagreed with Bolsonaro publicly on many issues. This have led to calls for impeachment from Bolsonaro-supporting members of Congress. Many believe he may not be chosen as Bolsonaro's running-mate in the 2022 election. In June 2022, Bolsonaro picked Walter Souza Braga Netto as his 2022 running mate.


title: Stock-Keeping Unit

text: SKU (often pronounced "skew") is an acronym for Stock-Keeping Unit. This is the barcode found on things sold in stores. It is made in a way that laser scanners in the check-out lane can read the code. The code is then used to find the price.


title: Peer group

text: A peer group is a group of people who are equal in some way. Those in a peer group have the same status and are about the same age. They often interact with the group as a whole. Members of a peer group often have similar interests and backgrounds.


title: Stock-Keeping Unit

text: The bar code is made of vertical bars, some are thick, some are thin. The scanner can see these bars and the pattern of the bars tells them what the numbers are. The patterns are made in a way that the scanner can read it forwards or backwards, so it doesn't matter how the product is held, it can still read the number. The numbers are often also written underneath the bars, so that people can read the SKU. There are two parts to the number. The first part is who made the product, the second part is what the actual product is.


title: Peer group

text: Developmental psychologists, Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, and Harry Stack Sullivan, argued that peer relationships are important in a person's development, and teach about equality, reciprocity, cooperation, and intimacy. Modern research also shows that social and emotional gains are indeed provided by peer interaction.


title: Peer group

text: Judith Rich Harris, in "The Nurture Assumption," argues that an individual's peer group significantly influences their intellectual and personal development. Several long-term studies also claim that peer groups improve school work.


title: Magdi Yacoub

text: Sir Magdi Habib Yacoub ( ) (born 16 November 1935), is an Egyptian-British surgeon and cardiologist. He was a professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Imperial College London.


title: Magdi Yacoub

text: Yacoub is best known for his early work in repairing heart valves and for helping create the Ross procedure. He performed the UK's first combined heart and lung transplant in 1983.


title: Magdi Yacoub

text: From 1986 to 2006, he held the position of British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine.


title: Magdi Yacoub

text: He is the founding editor of the journal "Disease Models & Mechanisms". He was born in Bilbeis, El Sharqia, Egypt.


title: Rachel Reeves

text: Rachel Jane Reeves (born 13 February 1979) is a British politician and economist. She is currently Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2021.


title: Rachel Reeves

text: She is a member of the Labour Party. She has been the Member of Parliament for Leeds West since 2010.


title: Rachel Reeves

text: Born in Lewisham, London, Reeves studied at Oxford New College and the London School of Economics before working as an economist at the Bank of England, the British Embassy in Washington and HBOS.


title: Rachel Reeves

text: She was elected in the 2010 general election. Then she served in Ed Miliband's shadow cabinet as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury from 2011 to 2013. She also worked as Shadow Secretary for Work and Pensions from 2013 to 2015. Reeves did not return to the shadow cabinet following Jeremy Corbyn's election as Leader of the Labour Party in 2015. Instead she served as chair of the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee from 2017 to 2020.


title: Rachel Reeves

text: After Keir Starmer was elected Leader of the Labour Party in 2020, he appointed Reeves as Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Shadow Chancellor of the Cabinet after Michael Gove. She replaced Anneliese Dodds as shadow chancellor in May 2021.


title: Utrecht (city)

text: Utrecht is a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the Province of Utrecht and lies in the midst of both the country and the province. About 358,000 were living there in 2020, which makes Utrecht the fourth-largest city in the Netherlands.


title: Utrecht (city)

text: Utrecht is an important public transport junction, especially concerning the railways. It contains the largest university of the Netherlands called Utrecht University.


title: Utrecht (city)

text: One of the main sights is the Domkerk, a cathedral that was built between 1321 and 1382. In of a storm in 1674, part of the cathedral was destroyed. This part was never rebuilt, so now the tower is separate from the rest of the church.


title: Utrecht (city)

text: Utrecht is the main seat of the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands, the archbishop resides here.


title: Rorqual

text: Rorquals are the largest group of baleen whales, with nine species in two genera. They include the largest animal that has ever lived, the Blue Whale, which can reach 150 tonnes, and another that reaches 70 tons; even the smallest of the group, the Northern Minke Whale, reaches 9 tonnes.


title: Hong Kong International Airport

text: Hong Kong International Airport (IATA airport code: HKG; ICAO airport code: VHHH), also known as Chek Lap Kok Airport is the airport of Hong Kong that was built at Chek Lap Kok on Lantau Island. It opened in 1998. It is one of the leading airports in the world, and has won "World Airport of the Year" from Skytrax for 7 times in 10 years. It is the hub for Cathay Pacific, Hong Kong Airlines, Hong Kong Express and Air Hong Kong. It is the third busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic in the world, and the busiest in the world in terms of cargo traffic. Until the 2020s when Hong Kong missed feeling like it was in the 18th Century.


title: Hong Kong International Airport

text: The airport has an advanced highway and railway system linking it to the city centre of Hong Kong. The building project was one of the largest in the world, and featured in Discovery Channel's "Ten Greatest Modern Projects of the World". It was designed by the famous architect, Norman Foster. The aim of the airport was to increase traffic and capacity which the old Kai Tak Airport could not handle. It remains one of the best airport in the world, along with Singapore's Changi Airport and Seoul's Incheon International Airport.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an empire in Mesopotamia during the Iron Age. During its existence from 911-609 BC, it was the largest empire in the world up to that time, doing many early techniques of imperialism which became normal in later empires. It was, according to many historians, the first real empire in history. It also pioneered many tactics such as arming themselves with iron weapons and employing advanced, effective military tactics.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: After the conquests of Adad-nirari II in the 900s BC, the Neo-Assyrian Empire became the successor to the Old Assyrian Empire (2025-1378 BC) and the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-934 BC), and dominated the Ancient Near East, the East Mediterranean, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and parts of both the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa, conquering and lasting longer than their rivals, such as Babylonia, Elam, Persia, Urartu, Lydia, the Medes, Phrygia, the Cimmerians, Israel, Judah, Phoenicia, the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Canaan, the Kushite Empire, and Ancient Egypt.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: The empire began to fall in 631 BC when Ashurbanipal died, and many civil wars, allowing Cyaxares, King of Persia and the Medes, to form an alliance with Nabopolassar, Ruler of Babylonia and the Cimmerians and invade Assyria. Assyria allied itself with Egypt, but they both fell at the Fall of Harran in 609 BC. The second Siege of Harran finally ended Assyria. However, even today there are still Assyrian people living in Iran, Iraq, and elsewhere.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: The campaigns of Adad-nirari II allowed Assyria to become a great power after overthrowing the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt and conquering Elam, Urartu, Media, Persia, Mannea, Gutium, Phoenicia/Canaan, Arabia, Israel, Judah, Philistia, Edom, Moab, Samarra, Cilicia, Cyprus, Chaldea, Nabatea, Commagene, Dilmun, Shutu, and the Neo-Hittites, as well as removing the Nubians, Kushites, and Ethiopians from Egypt and forcing a tribute from Phrygia and others. In addition, he and his successors conquered areas previously only somewhat under Assyrian control, and deporting Arameans and Hurrians. He then twice attacked and defeated Shamash-mudammiq of Babylonia and again to his successor, Nabu-shuma-ukin I.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: The next three kings were also equally aggressive. Tukulti-Ninurta II in 891 BC succeeded Adad-nirari II and expanded into Asia Minor and the Zagros Mountains, before being succeeded by Ashurnasirpal II in 883 BC, who recovered much of the territory lost after the fall of the Middle Assyrian Empire in 1100 BC, and ended an uprising caused by the Lullibi and Gutian people. He and his successor and son, Shalmaneser III were known for their ruthlessness and policies of deportation, as well as their love of art. Ashurnasirpal II also moved the capital to Kalhu.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: Annual campaigns under Shalmaneser III allowed both the capital to be turned into an army camp and the occupation of important rivals. Babylon was occupied and Babylonia came under Assyrian rule, however the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC against Aramean states ended in a stalemate. In 849 BC Carchemesh was occupied and by 842 BC Damascus was forced to pay tribute, as well as Tyre and Sidon, then part of Phoenicia in 841 BC.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: A civil war then began in 828 BC as his eldest son Ashur-nadin-aplu and 27 cities rebelled against the governors of Assyria, allowing Babylonia, the Medes, Manneans, Arameans, Neo-Hittites, and Persians to largely recapture their land and Urartu to exert its influence in the region. Second son of Ashurnasirpal Shamshi-Adad V finally ended the Civil War in 824 BC, the same year as his father's death, and spent almost the entire rest of his reign trying to re-conquer lost land before his death in 811 BC, when succeeded by his wife, Queen Sammuramat and then his son Adad-nirari III in 806 BC.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: Adad-nirari III was an aggressive Monarch, invading The Levant, subjugating the Arameans, Phoenicians, Philistines, Israelites, Neo-Hittites and Edomites, reinforcing tribute upon Damascus, invading Persia and subjugating the Persians, Medes, and Manneans up to the Caspian Sea, and conquering the Chaldean and Sutu tribes of southern Mesopotamia.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: After the death of Adad-nirari III in 783 BC there was a period of stagnation, when Shalmaneser IV led only minor victories against Urartu during the Battle of Til Barsip, Arameans and Neo-Hittites before his own death in 773 BC. Another set of civil wars beset the reigns of Ashur-dan III, who reigned from 772-754 BC and Ashur-nirari IV from 754-745 BC, with uprisings in Ashur, Arrapkha, and Guzana, the failure to invade Aram-Naharaim or Babylonia, an outbreak in plague, and a solar eclipse, seen as a bad omen. Ashur-nirari IV was deposed by general Pulu, who changed his name upon becoming King to Tiglath-Pileser III in 745 BC, bringing back Assyria.


title: Neo-Assyrian Empire

text: As soon as Tiglath-Pileser took the throne in 744, Assyria had both civil war and pestilence threatening it, while a war with Uratru was lost. However, Tiglath Pileser III made enormous changes to the structure of Assyria, improving its security and efficiency. The provinces


title: Seat belt

text: A seat belt is a strap that holds a person into his or her seat in a car, truck, plane, or other vehicle, so that in a crash he or she would not be injured or killed by flying forward and hitting parts of the vehicle or being thrown out of it. They are helpful in saving lives in car accidents.


title: Chet Baker

text: Chesney Henry Baker Jr. (December 23, 1929 – May 13, 1988) was an American jazz trumpeter, pianist and singer. He was born in Yale, Oklahoma. He was known for his albums "Chet Baker Sings" and "It Could Happen to You". He was also known for his drug problems. Baker was in and out of jail before enjoying a career surge in the late 1970s and '80s.


title: Seat belt

text: In 1946 a doctor in Pasadena, California proposed better seat belts than were used then. In 1955 several improved seat belts were patented. Automobile manufacturers sold many more cars with such seat belts, starting then. Eventually, laws required cars to have them.


title: Chet Baker

text: Baker died after falling off a balcony from his Amsterdam apartment on May 13, 1988 while under the influence of heroin and cocaine at the age of 58.


title: 2NE1

text: 2NE1 () was a K-pop girl group from South Korea. They were formed in 2009 and split in 2016. They are best known for their nine number one hit songs in South Korea. They are "Try to Follow Me", "Go Away", "Lonely", "I Am the Best", "Ugly", "I Love You", "Falling in Love", "Missing You", and "Come Back Home". Before their split, 2NE1 was one of the most successful girl groups in South Korea.


title: 2NE1

text: 2NE1's first single was "Lollipop" and came out in March 2009 featuring BIGBANG. Their official debut single "Fire" was released on May 6, 2009.


title: 2NE1

text: Their second single "I Don't Care" was released on 1 July 2009. "I Don't Care" achieved great success, topping various Korean music shows and was also the most downloaded song of the year. By the end of 2011 the song had sold 4,503,928 digital copies, becoming one of the most successful singles of all-time in Korea.


title: 2NE1

text: After the release of their second album Crush in 2014, the group became inactive for 2 years. Minzy left in March 2016, while the rest of the group broke up in November 2016. Their last song, Goodbye, was released in 2017 with the remaining members.


title: Giorgio Parisi

text: Giorgio Parisi (born 4 August 1948) is an Italian theoretical physicist. His works focuses on quantum field theory, statistical mechanics and complex systems. He won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics with Klaus Hasselmann and Syukuro Manabe.


title: The Blacklist (TV series)

text: The Blacklist is an American crime thriller television series, starring James Spader, on NBC on September 23, 2013.


title: Faxian

text: Faxian (337 – c. 422) was a Chinese Buddhist monk. He is also translator. He traveled by foot from China to India, visiting sacred Buddhist sites in Central , South and Southeast Asia between 399–412 to acquire Buddhist texts. He described his journey his travelogue, "A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms" ("Foguo Ji" 佛國記).


title: Faxian

text: In 399, Faxian set out with nine others to locate sacred Buddhist texts. He visited India in the early fifth century. He is said to have walked all the way from China across the icy desert and rugged mountain passes. He entered India from the northwest and reached Pataliputra. He took back with him Buddhist texts and images sacred to Buddhism. He saw the ruins of the city when he reached Pataliputra.


title: Faxian

text: Faxian's visit to India occurred during the reign of Chandragupta II. He is also renowned for his pilgrimage to Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautama Buddha (modern Nepal). However, he mentioned nothing about Guptas. Faxian claimed that demons and dragons were the original inhabitants of Sri Lanka.


title: Faxian

text: After two years stay on Ceylon, Faxian was coming back to China. Suddenly a violent storm drove his ship onto an island, probably Java. After five months there, Faxian took another ship for southern China. But, again, it was blown off course and he ended up landing at Mount Lao in what is now Shandong in northern China, east of the city of Qingdao.


title: Mani Ratnam

text: The following is the list of movies directed by Mani Ratnam. For many of these movies, Mani Ratnam is also credited for the story, screenplay and producing:


title: Mani Ratnam

text: Mani Ratnam established Madras Talkies for movie production during the shoot of "Iruvar". Mani Ratnam had earlier produced "Thiruda Thiruda" under his personal name. All movies directed by Mani Ratnam subsequent to "Iruvar" have been produced through "Madras Talkies". Apart from production, Mani Ratnam also has written story and screenplay for movies directed by others.


title: Karl-Heinz Riedle

text: Karl-Heinz Riedle (born 16 September, 1965) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.


title: Run Run Shaw

text: Sir Run Run Shaw CBE, GBM (19 November 1907 – 7 January 2014) was an important name in Hong Kong cinema. He made many films with his brother Runme Shaw. Later in life, he donated a lot of money to charity, schools, and hospitals.


title: Run Run Shaw

text: He died at his residence on the morning of 7 January 2014 at 6:55am (HKT) at the age of 106 from natural causes, peacefully with his family by his side.


title: Super Smash Bros. (series)

text: Super Smash Bros. (also known as SSB, Smash Bros. or Smash) is a fighting game franchise created by Nintendo. There are five titles in total and features a wide cast of characters from Nintendo. Some of them were featured from third-party games. It has been incredibly successful and has garnered a large competitive electronic sports community.


title: Systole

text: Systole is the last stage of a heart beat. It happens right after diastole, when the heart refills with blood. During systole, the heart's two ventricles contract (squeeze). (The ventricles are the largest parts of the heart, which pump blood to the body and lungs.)


title: Super Smash Bros. (series)

text: "Super Smash Bros." was first released in 1999 for the Nintendo 64. The game later got four sequels: "Super Smash Bros. Melee" for the Nintendo GameCube in 2001, "Super Smash Bros. Brawl" for the Wii in 2008, "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U" for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U in 2014, and "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" for Nintendo Switch in 2018.


title: Systole

text: During systole, the heart muscle gets an automatic electrical signal that tells the heart to contract (squeeze). This makes the blood flow out of the heart.


title: Super Smash Bros. (series)

text: One of the options in the series uses typical health points, as in most fighting games, but the standard option in most entries is that each fighter in "Super Smash Bros." has a percent value. Each fighter starts at 0 percent. When a fighter is hit, they take damage by raising this percent value. The higher that the percent value is, the easier it will be to knock them off the map. The goal of the game is to knock your opponent off of the stage a certain amount of times. Each game in the series has a wide variety of playable stages, characters and game modes. At the beginning of the game, players are limited to a smaller cast of characters to choose from, but can unlock the rest of the characters by completing certain tasks, achievements or just after playing for long enough. The characters have different abilities and attacks, but are used by pushing the same buttons—A is for normal attacks, and B is for special abilities or attacks (such as hitting harder or shooting things). These buttons can be used be used in combination with tilting the analog stick in different directions to use different variations of these abilities or different attacks entirely. Normal attacks used with a quickly flicked analog stick can be used to pull off a smash attack (a powerful attack, usually used for launching your opponent off the stage). The controller triggers can be used to shield, which blocks damage from opponents for a few seconds, until it breaks. Players can also use the controller triggers to grab opponents and throw them. A combination of different attacks and abilities can be used to pull off a combo, where the player traps the opponent in a combination of attacks for high damage. There are many complex techniques and tier lists created by the competitive community of the Super Smash Bros. series.


title: Systole

text: Above the ventricles are smaller chambers (sections) of the heart called atria. They contract (squeeze) during the last part of diastole, and send blood down to the larger, lower ventricles. The atria have valves that close after this so blood cannot flow backward into the atria.


title: Super Smash Bros. (series)

text: In some game modes, players can use randomly appearing items to help them damage or KO their opponent. Some of these items include bombs, peaches, baseball bats, assist trophies (which temporarily produces an AI character that attacks opponents), and Smash Balls (which allows the player to unleash a powerful Final Smash attack). Players can choose stages to play on. Most of the stages are based on places in other Nintendo games, such as "Mario", "Donkey Kong", "The Legend of Zelda" and "EarthBound", but others (such as the Final Destination stage) are from "Super Smash Bros." In later games, player also have the choice to choose out of 3 different stage versions for every stage. These include the default stage, an Omega version (which turns off items, removes obstacles and makes the stage perfectly flat, so that the stage mimics the Final Destination stage) and a Battlefield version (which turns off items, makes the stage perfectly flat but adds three static platforms above it, so that the stage mimics the Battlefield stage). This feature has been added due to the popularity of using no items on a relatively empty stage in competitive tournaments of the games.


title: Systole

text: When the ventricles are filled and the valves to the atria are closed, the ventricles contract. So, the atria and ventricles contract in sequence. The left and right atria feed blood into the ventricles. Then, the left and right ventricles contract.


title: Super Smash Bros. (series)

text: The Smash Bros. series has many characters from many different video games. Most of these are from Nintendo games. Starting with Super Smash Bros. Brawl, characters that were not from Nintendo games were added, such as Solid Snake and Sonic the Hedgehog.


title: Systole

text: The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body. This is why we have a pulse.


title: Super Smash Bros. (series)

text: There are many stages in Super Smash Bros. Many characters have stages and some stages aren't tied to a character at all.


title: Systole

text: Because the heart muscle contracts during systole, "systolic pressure" is the highest pressure in the arterial blood stream during each heart beat. (Blood causes the most pressure against the walls of the arteries when it is being pushed out during systole). The lowest arterial pressure happens when the heart muscle relaxes, and is called "diastolic pressure".


title: Systole

text: When blood pressure is measured for medical purposes, systolic pressure is the first number in the "ratio" of systolic to diastolic pressure. For example, if a person's blood pressure is 120/80, 120 is the systolic pressure, and 80 is the diastolic pressure.


title: Viktor Medvedchuk

text: Viktor Volodymyrovych Medvedchuk (; born 7 August 1954) is a Ukrainian politician, lawyer and business oligarch. On 12 April 2022, the Security Service of Ukraine arrested Medvedchuk. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy released a photo of Medvedchuk in handcuffs wearing a Ukrainian military uniform.


title: Viktor Medvedchuk

text: In February 2021, the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine sanctioned him and his wife for giving money that supported terrorism in Ukraine. In May 2021, he was accused of treason. Medvedchuk has been under house arrest since 13 May 2021.


title: Viktor Medvedchuk

text: On 8 March 2022, Medvedchuk was removed as co-chairman of the political party Opposition Platform — For Life.


title: German Americans

text: German Americans is a ethnic group of American citizens of German ancestry. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2013 there were 46 million Americans who claimed some German ancestry. In parts of the Northern United States they outnumber any other ethnic groups. In Wisconsin, for example, 41% of the population is German-American. They are the largest ethnic group in the United States.


title: Rob Cohen

text: Robert "Rob" Cohen (born March 12, 1949) is an American movie director and producer. He is known for directing the entire "Fast and Furious" movie series. He also directed "A Small Circle of Friends", "", "Dragonheart", "Daylight", and "xXx".


title: Roméo et Juliette

text: Roméo et Juliette is a French opera in five acts by Charles Gounod, first performed in Paris, on April 27, 1867, libretto by Jules Barbier et Michel Carré, after Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet". One of Gounod's most successful works, it contains his most beautiful and melodious music. It is still regularly performed.


title: Met Office

text: The Met Office (now the official name for the Meteorological Office) is the United Kingdom's national weather service.


title: Met Office

text: More than 50% of its revenue comes from goods and services. This is why it is a 'trading fund' of the Ministry of Defence.


title: Met Office

text: Part of the Met Office headquarters at Exeter in Devon is the Met Office College. This does the training for internal personnel and many forecasters from around the world.


title: Met Office

text: One of the British stalwarts, the Shipping Forecast, is produced by the Met Office and broadcast on BBC Radio 4. The Shipping Forecast has long been vital to the safety of mariners on the seas around the British Isles.


title: Met Office

text: The Met Office is responsible for issuing Severe Weather Warnings for the United Kingdom through the National Severe Weather Warning Service (NSWWS). These warn of weather which may affect transport and lives. In March 2008, the system was improved and a new stage of warning was introduced, the 'Advisory'.


title: Met Office

text: Its main role is to produce forecast models. It gathers information from weather satellites in space and observations on earth. The information is fed into two IBM supercomputers. The computers use models based on a software package known as the Unified Model. The principal weather products for UK customers are 36-hour forecasts from the newly operational 1.5 km resolution UKV model covering the UK and surroundings (replacing the 4 km model); 48-hour forecasts from the 12 km resolution NAE model covering Europe and the North Atlantic; and 144-hour forecasts from the 25 km resolution global model (replacing the 40 km global model). A wide range of other products for other regions of the globe are sold to customers abroad. They are used by MOD operations abroad or provided free to developing countries in Africa. If necessary, forecasters may make adjustments to the computer forecasts.


title: Chocolate chip

text: Chocolate chips are small pieces of chocolate. They are used to make desserts, usually in baking. Chocolate chips are most common in cookies. Chocolate chips are also used in some cakes and other desserts.


title: Chocolate chip

text: Chocolate chips were invented in 1937 when Ruth Graves Wakefield of the Toll House Inn added cut-up chunks of a semi-sweet Nestlé chocolate bar to a cookie recipe. Lots of people liked the new cookies, and Wakefield made an agreement in 1939 with Nestlé to put her recipe on the chocolate bar's packaging. In return, Nestlé gave Wakefield a lifetime supply of chocolate.


title: Chocolate chip

text: At first, Nestlé put a small chopping tool in the chocolate bar package. In 1941 Nestlé and one or more other chocolate bar companies started selling the chocolate in chip (or "morsel") form. The Nestlé brand Toll House cookies is named after Toll House Inn.


title: Eduardo Bolsonaro

text: Eduardo Nantes Bolsonaro (born July 10, 1984) is a Brazilian federal police officer and politician, Son of the current President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, he has been a federal deputy for the state of São Paulo since 2015.


title: Eduardo Bolsonaro

text: In 2018, he was re-elected federal deputy, with 1 843 735 votes, being the most voted in the country's history.


title: Commonwealth Liberal Party

text: The Commonwealth Liberal Party (CLP) was a political party in Australia from 1909 to 1917. It was also known as The Fusion, or the Deakinite Liberal Party. It is the earliest direct ancestor of the modern Liberal Party of Australia.


title: Commonwealth Liberal Party

text: The party was formed after the Australian Labor Party formed its second government in 1908. Business leaders told Alfred Deakin, the leader of the Protectionist Party, and Joseph Cook, leader of the Anti-Socialist Party, to join forces to oppose the Labor Party. In 1909, the Protectionists and Anti-Socialists joined to form the CLP. Deakin was the new party's first leader, with Cook as deputy leader. Several of the more liberal Protectionists left and joined Labor.


title: Commonwealth Liberal Party

text: The Protectionists and Anti-Socialists had a majority of seats in the House of Representatives. The new party used its numbers to force Prime Minister Andrew Fisher to resign. Deakin became Prime Minister for the third time. However, the CLP was defeated by Labor at its first election, less than a year later in 1910.


title: Commonwealth Liberal Party

text: Cook took over from Deakin shortly before the 1913 election and won government by a single seat. One year later, Cook introduced a bill removing special treatment for union members. Cook knew the Labor Party had the numbers in Senate to defeat the bill. When the Senate rejected it twice, Cook had an excuse to call an early election for 5 September. This was the first double dissolution election in Australia. However CLP was soundly defeated, and Labor became the government.


title: Commonwealth Liberal Party

text: In November 1916, the CLP made a deal with the Prime Minister Billy Hughes. Hughes had been forced to leave the ALP for supporting conscription in World War I. He set up a new party called the National Labor Party. In February 1917, the CLP and National Labor joined to form the Nationalist Party of Australia. Although the new party had more Liberals, Hughes became its leader with Cook as his deputy.


title: Commonwealth Liberal Party

text: Today the Commonwealth Liberal Party is usually called the Deakinite Liberal Party so it will not be confused with the modern Liberal Party of Australia.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Jaani Dushman : Ek Anokhi Kahani is a 2002 Bolywoood film, starring Sunny Deol, Suniel Shetty and Akshay Kumar in lead roles.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Divya (Manisha Koirala) and Karan (Sunny Deol) are in love, and planning to marry. While Karan has got job, Divya is still in her college's last year, with Karan's younger step brother Vivek (Sonu Nigam). They live in the hostel with Atul (Akshay Kumar), Abdul (Arshad Warsi), Ashok (Aditya Pancholi), Prem (Aftab Shivdasani), Vijay (Suniel Shetty), Viktor (Sharad Kapoor), Niki (Upasana Singh), Nita (Rambha), Preeti (Pinky Campbell) and Rashmi (Kiran Rathod). Abdul had an habit of cracking lame jokes.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Rajesh (Rajat Bedi) and Madan (Siddharth Ray) once try to rape Divya, but Karan came at the right moment by smashing door to save Divya. In front of whole college both of them are humiliated and they decided to avenge their humiliation.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Divya started listening to a call from a man named Kapil (Armaan Kohli), who is a blessed serpant, and tells Divya to be her lover in earlier birth. Divya started getting dreams of the past, when sage (Amrish Puri) cursed them that they would be separated and will meet in 21st century, because they disturbed him in his meditation. She also comes to know that her name in previous birth was Vasundara. Vasundara died after that curse, and reborns as Divya in her new birth. She believes Kapil, but left him to attend a call from Atul. Atul told her to come to a party. When Atul's friends were planning, Divya then calls at Atul's house to say that she is not coming. However, Rajesh imitates the voice of all male members of the group and tricked her to come to an abandoned fort at wrong time. Rajesh and Madan then brutally rape her, for which she had to suicide. As she was dying, she told Kapil to take her revenge from all male members of the group, since she had a misunderstanding.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Madan is killed the same day by Kapil by poisoning by his bite, while Rajesh is killed later on his wedding night by Divya's ghost.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Viktor, when going to Atul's party, is chased by Kapil and he kills Viktor by riding motorcycle on his neck. Kapil takes Viktor's disguise, go to the party and electrocutes lame joker Abdul to death. All of them became tensed and their Principle (Raj Babbar), who was a spiritologist, believed their innocence, and called Divya's spirit to talk with them, and dismiss the misunderstanding. However, Atul in between in anger shoted bullets at Divya and her spirit began to disappear. Suddenly, all realised what had happened that day. Principle gave them lockets, which when on their body, save them from Divya and Kapil. Atul initially did not believed, but when the locket saved him from accident, he started believing in gods.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Atul started chasing Kapil in motorcycle, however his locket gets off from his body in between. He then got fatal blows from Kapil on his head. He shoted bullets at Kapil, but they had no effect on him. As he was about to lie on ground due to fatal injuries, Atul exploded a bomb on Kapil, and felled on the ground fainted, but he did not die. However, he goes into coma. The exploded body parts of Kapil came together and joined to again form Kapil.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Ashok and Prem both had crush on Rashmi. But Rashmi loved Prem, however Ashok was far mire powerful and rich than Prem. So, Prem used to get hit from Ashok various times to stay away from Rashmi. Divya's ghost went inside Prem and hypnotized his mind, which prompted him to hit Ashok and eventually kill him. Prem got arrested on charge of murder. Rashmi tried to free Prem by engaging a lawyer, but on the day of hearing, Kapil kidnaps Rashmi, takes Rashmi's disguise and goes to the court instead. He says all opposite things and Prem is convicted of murder by the court and is hanged.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Vijay is afraid to fight a boxing match against Ajay (his opponent) as he is sure that Kapil will take Ajay's disguise and kill him. But he had to fight to win Preeti, and prove his love for her. However, he wins the match because Divya had stopped Kapil from killing Vijay since she wanted to kill Vijay herself, because he was, according to her, the biggest traitor. The Principle traps Divya's ghost in a box to save Vijay, but she gets out mysteriously, goes into Vijay's body, and kills him by throwing him from a building.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Vivek, afraid he's next, calls his elder brother Karan to save him, but Kapil stabs him in disguise of Karan, but police arrives at the right time and real Karan is arrested by police. Kapil did this because he did not wanted to hit Karan, since he was innocent.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Suddenly, Atul gets conscious, but before Nita could bring doctor, he had run off on motorcycle with Vivek and was chasing Kapil. Again, locket gets off and Atul gets brutally stabbed by Kapil on his stomach. He then gets another fatal blows from Kapil. As he was about to die, he runs to the Principle, requesting him to save Vivek at any cost. Principle promises him. Saying this, Atul dies in Principle's hands.


title: Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani

text: Karan, with his full power, breaks the jail bars and runs from the police station to reach the place where Vivek and Kapil were fighting. He challenges Kapil and a fierce fight between the two began. However, Karan gets defeated and almost killed. Principle chants some chants, which gave Karan supernatural powers, and with his powers he finally kills Kapil. Therefore, Vivek becomes the only survivor in the killer's group and he lives happy life with Karan ever after.


title: Yuri Kochiyama

text: Yuri Kochiyama (formerly Mary Yuriko Nakahara; May 19, 1921 - June 1, 2014) was a Japanese-American civil rights activist. This passion led her to initiate reparations for interned Japanese-Americans during World War 2. As one of the thousands of Japanese-Americans sent to concentration camps, she felt strongly about the cause. The imprisonment and death of her father helped her to become an advocate for the oppressed. She stood for and admired other activists such as Malcolm X, Che Guevarra, Patrice Lumumba, and Fidel Castro. Specifically, Kochiyama was friends with Malcolm X, an African-American human rights activist in the 1960s. She was a part of Malcolm's Organization of Afro-American Unity, and took part in the film, Death of a Prophet, where she played herself. Later in her career, Yuri Kochiyama was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize in 2005.


title: History of the United States Constitution

text: The history of the United States Constitution is a history of how the government of the United States functions, its rule of law and the rights guaranteed to its citizens. It was signed by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787. It replaced the Articles of Confederation, that served as new nation's first constitution. The government under the Articles proved to be weak and inefficient. When the convention was called to meet in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787, most of the members were aware a new stronger government was necessary.


text: The history of the (second) Constitution of the United States begins with the history behind the creation of the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution. The Articles of Confederation were, in effect, a loose confederation that joined together thirteen independent states to mainly deal with foreign policy. For all other purposes they remained sovereign states. The greatest weakness of the Articles of Confederation is that it had no direct connection to the people themselves. It recognized state sovereignty. Each state collected its own taxes, provided its own militia and printed its own currency. A weak Congress was the chief instrument in the new government. There was no executive branch. The recent tyranny suffered under Britain's King George III made the new country's leaders wary of a strong central government. In Congress, each state only had one vote. States with small populations had the same voting rights as states ten times their size. Amending the Articles required a unanimous vote, which was virtually impossible with thirteen states each having their own interests.


text: However, the weaknesses became rapidly apparent. Congress could not levy taxes and so could not effectively support any war effort. The central government did not have the ability to negotiate trade agreements with foreign governments. It could not settle quarrels between states. The country could not protect its ships which were being robbed at by pirates. The states themselves were in a near disastrous condition economically. The widespread use of paper money was causing inflation. So much so that in some places a pound of tea could cost $100. Farmers were being thrown in jail because they could not pay their debts. Many farms were being sold off for the unpaid taxes that were owed.


text: There was an attempt at reforming the Articles. The Articles Congress received a report on August 7, 1786 from a twelve-member "Grand Committee". They were appointed to develop needed amendments. Seven amendments to the Articles of Confederation were proposed. Under these reforms, Congress would gain "sole and exclusive" power to regulate trade. States could not favor foreigners over citizens. Tax bills would require a 70% vote, public debt 85%, not the 100% currently required. Congress could charge states a late payment penalty fee. A state withholding troops would be charged for them, plus a penalty. If a state did not pay, Congress could collect directly from its cities and counties. There would have been a national court of seven judges. No-shows at Congress would have been banned from any U.S. or state office. These proposals were, however, sent back to committee without a vote and were not taken up again.


text: Congress had given the delegates the task of amending the Articles of Confederation. But almost immediately they began discussing a completely new form of government. The debates lasted through the summer of 1787 and at times became so heated it threatened to end the convention prematurely.


text: Appointed to the convention were 74 delegates—only 55 of which actually attended the sessions. The state of Rhode Island refused to send any delegates. They believed the convention was actually a conspiracy to overthrow the Confederation government. Patrick Henry of Virginia was another who refused to attend declaring he "smelt a rat." In particular he suspected James Madison, also of Virginia, of wanting to create a new form of government. Henry was a firm believer that the states offered the best protections for personal rights and wanted nothing to do with upsetting that arrangement. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were away on diplomatic missions. John Jay was in New York at the diplomatic office. For various reasons many of the country's major political leaders were not at the convention. But the list of those who did attend was impressive. It included Benjamin Franklin, James Wilson, Alexander Hamilton, George Mason, John Dickinson, Gouverneur Morris and George Washington. Many others also became famous as framers of the Constitution.