title: Sauropod

text: Most studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries suggested that sauropods were too large to have supported their weight on land, and therefore that they must have been mainly aquatic. Most life restorations of sauropods in art through the first three quarters of the 20th century depicted them fully or partially immersed in water.


title: Sauropod

text: This early notion was doubted by Kermack (1951). He showed that, if the animal were submerged in several metres of water, the pressure would be enough to fatally collapse the lungs and airway. However, this and other early studies of sauropod ecology had a flaw. They ignored evidence that the bodies of sauropods had many air sacs. In 1878, paleontologist E.D. Cope had even referred to these structures as "floats".


title: Sauropod

text: Beginning in the 1970s, the effects of sauropod air sacs on their lifestyle began to be explored. Evidence from sedimentology and biotechnology showed that sauropods were primarily terrestrial animals. In 2004 D.M. Henderson noted that, with their extensive system of air sacs, sauropods could not submerge their bodies completely below the surface of the water. in other words, they would float. So they would not have been in danger of lung collapse due to water pressure when swimming.


title: Sauropod

text: Evidence for swimming in sauropods comes from fossil trackways that have occasionally been found to preserve only the forefeet (manus) impressions. Henderson showed that such trackways can be explained by sauropods with long forelimbs floating in shallow water, deep enough to keep the shorter hind legs free of the bottom, and using the front limbs to punt forward. However, floating sauropods would have been very unstable and poorly adapted for long periods in the water.


title: Sauropod

text: There definitely is evidence that they preferred wet and coastal habitats. Sauropod footprints are commonly found following coastlines or crossing floodplains. Sauropod fossils are often found in wet environments or mixed with fossils of sea animals. A good example of this is be the massive Jurassic sauropod trackways in lagoon deposits on Scotland's Isle of Skye.


title: Sauropod

text: With much evidence, sauropods lived in groups, often large groups. They lived as a group, laid their eggs in the same places year after year, and were followed by bipedal theropods who preyed on them. Their breeding grounds had many thousands of eggs, and were laid at a particular time of the year. The cycle was repeated year after year. This suggests a seasonality in their behaviour, and also that their group behaviour was part of their defence against predators ("safety in numbers"). The evidence for all this is now overwhelming.


title: Sauropod

text: Evidence shows that some other groups of herbivores also had group behaviour, moved from place to place, and laid their eggs in the same or similar places each year. This group behaviour of dinosaurs is also a feature in most birds today.


title: Sauropod

text: There is a long-running debate about sauropod necks. How flexible were they, how high or low was the neck in life: these are some of the issues. Many displays in museums are faulty. A review of the issues is available in free text.


title: Google Hangouts

text: Google Hangouts was an instant messaging software released on May 15, 2013 in iOS, in Android on May 20, 2013 and Microsoft Windows on May 16, 2014 in Google Chrome, Internet Explorer and Firefox. It was developed by Google Inc. It was later replaced by Google Hangout Meet, which is now called Google Meet.


title: Google Hangouts

text: In May 15, 2013. Google Hangouts has 3650,09% in release for worldwide. After released in iOS and iPadOS, in May 20, 2013. Google announced Google Hangout has launch for Android. In January 30, 2014. Google Hangout has 6,007% pillar running for Google website in Google Chrome for Microsoft Windows. After however, in May 16, 2014. Google Chrome has released Hangout to more browsers.


title: Google Hangouts

text: On February 9, 2015. Google introduced Google Hangouts Meet, which was replaced by Google Meet on February 14, 2015.


title: Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange

text: Mary, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau (4 November 1631 – 24 December 1660) was the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his queen, Henrietta Maria. She was the wife of William II, Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau (27 May 1626–6 November 1650) and the mother of King William III of England and Ireland, II of Scotland (14 November 1650–8 May 1702). Mary Stuart or Mary of Orange, as she was also known, was the first daughter of a British Sovereign to hold the title Princess Royal.


title: Ejaculatory duct

text: Ejaculatory ducts are part of the human male anatomy. They cause the reflex action of ejaculation. Each male has two of them. During ejaculation, semen moves through the ducts and leaves the body through the penis.


title: That '70s Show

text: That '70s Show is an American television series. It is about the lives of a group of teenagers living in Point Place, Wisconsin from May 17, 1976 to December 31, 1979. The series first started August 23, 1998 and its final episode aired May 18, 2006.


title: That '70s Show

text: The series continues to run in syndication on FX and the CW network in the United States and United Kingdom, CH in Canada, as well as the Seven Network in Australia and Star World in Asia, including Malaysia. It also runs on The NTV for teens.


title: Wind instrument

text: A wind instrument is a type of musical instrument where the player blows into (or over) a mouthpiece to produce sound. They typically fit into two categories: woodwind instruments and brass instruments. Woodwind instruments include oboe, clarinet, flute, and saxophone. The brass instruments include the bugle, trumpet, trombone, cornet and tuba.


title: Deaths in October 2020

text: The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in October 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.


title: Deaths in October 2020

text: Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.


title: Tamilisai Soundararajan

text: Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajan (born 2 June 1961) is an Indian doctor and politician. She is the 2nd and current Governor of Telangana since September 2019 and is the Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry (Additional charge) since 18 February 2021.. She was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party until September 2019.


title: CODA (2021 movie)

text: CODA is a 2021 coming-of-age comedy-drama movie written and directed by Sian Heder. The movie stars Emilia Jones as a "CODA", or "child of deaf adult". She is the only hearing member of a deaf family. Eugenio Derbez, Troy Kotsur, Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, Daniel Durant, and Marlee Matlin appear in supporting roles. It won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2022. Troy Kotsur became the first deaf man to win an Academy Award for acting.


title: Saliva

text: Saliva is the watery substance made in the mouths of humans and many animals. Saliva begins digesting food in the mouth, and moistens food to make swallowing easier. Saliva consists of 99.5% water.


title: Saliva

text: The mouth is obviously the point of entry to the whole alimentary canal. It follows from this that saliva must both help digestion, and protect against infections.


title: Saliva

text: The digestion part is by three enzymes, one each for carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The digestion started here carries on in the stomach. There are some other 'minor' enzymes as well, and we do not know the full story about them yet. Also there is a pain-killing opiorphin, and a wrap-around haptocorrin which keeps vitamin B12 safe from stomach acids. Finally, there are a set of anti-bacterial proteins which make life difficult for any bacteria which get in with the food.


title: Deutschlandlied

text: Das Lied der Deutschen (; "The Song of the German people"), also known as Deutschlandlied, (; "The Song of Germany"), is a song written by Joseph Haydn and Hoffmann von Fallersleben. Part of this song is the national anthem of Germany (German National Anthem).


title: Deutschlandlied

text: A line from this song, "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" ("Unity and justice and freedom") is the considered to be the unofficial motto of Germany.


title: Deutschlandlied

text: The music was written by Haydn in 1797 as the anthem of Austria. It was called "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" ("God protect our Emperor Franz"). The words which are used today were written by the poet August Heinrich Hoffman von Fallersleben in 1841.


title: Deutschlandlied

text: Today, the first line "Germany, Germany above all" sounds too strong for some people, and is often misunderstood. Fallersleben wanted a united Germany when he wrote it. At that time, Germany was not one country, but many small countries. So "Germany above all" meant that the most important thing to do was to have a unified Germany. Also, the poet was in Heligoland, where people spoke German but were ruled by the British.


title: Deutschlandlied

text: Fallersleben's music was very popular in Germany during the second part of the 19th century. This song was not a national anthem then, but a patriotic song supporting a united German state. In 1918, it replaced the anthem of the German Empire "Heil Dir im Siegerkranz" ("Praise to the war-winner"), when the Emperor Wilhelm II lost power at the end of the First World War. In 1921, a "fourth stanza", a new part or verse, was written by poet Albert Matthai with words about the difficult life in Germany at that time. This verse was rarely used.


title: Deutschlandlied

text: During the time of Adolf Hitler, only the first part of the song was used. This was often followed by a Nazi party song. This offended the international audience as the first stanza supports Germany holding colonial powers in non-consenting nations.


title: Deutschlandlied

text: After the Second World War, Germany was divided into two countries. In 1949, the new Western Germany tried to get a new song for the national anthem. Another song was chosen, written by poet Rudolf Alexander Schröder. It was not very popular. Finally, the third part of the Fallersleben song was made into the national anthem.


title: Deutschlandlied

text: In the other part of Germany, the Eastern Germany, the words of poet Johannes R. Becher ("Auferstanden aus Ruinen" - "Re-built from the Ruins") were used with a song written by Hanns Eisler. It was not very popular, and from the 1970s the words were not sung, because of the line "Germany, [our] unified fatherland".


title: Deutschlandlied

text: After East and West Germany united again in 1990, the Fallersleben song again became the national anthem of Germany but only the third part is used. Today, the first part of the song is popular with nationalist extremists.


title: Bedfordshire

text: Bedfordshire is a county of England. Its county town is Bedford. It borders Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire (with the Borough of Milton Keynes) and Hertfordshire. The highest elevation point is 243 m (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns. The county motto is "Constant Be", which is taken from the hymn "To Be A Pilgrim" by John Bunyan.


title: Bedfordshire

text: There are forty Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) in Bedfordshire, designated by Natural England. Thirty-five are listed for their biological interest, and five for their geological interest.


title: Bedfordshire

text: Three of the sites are also National nature reserves, twelve are in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and eleven are managed wholly or partly by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.


title: Seljuk dynasty

text: The Seljuks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq, sometimes also Seljuk Turks) were a Turkic Sunni Muslim dynasty. They ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. Their empire was known as Great Seljuk Empire that stretched from Anatolia and the Levant to Afghanistan. The Seljuks also fought the European Christian Crusaders in the First Crusade. The Shia Muslims and other non-Sunnis (such as Zoroastrians) were heavily oppressed under Seljuk rule as the Seljuks were devout Sunnis and saw themselves as the protectors of the Abbasid Caliphate and Sunni Islam. Culturally, the Seljuks were a Persianate empire as they focused heavily on Persianate culture and Persian language. The Seljuk dynasty was founded by Tughril, a Turkmen chief.


title: Seljuk dynasty

text: The Seljuks were one of the cultural ancestors of the Western Turks, the present-day inhabitants of Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. Originally, the House of Seljuq was a branch of the "Kinik" Oghuz Turks who in the 9th century lived in the steppes north of the Caspian and Aral Seas in modern day Turkmenistan.


title: Seljuk dynasty

text: Kerman was a nation in southern Persia. It fell in 1187, probably conquered by Toğrül III of Great Seljuk.


title: Béziers

text: Béziers () is a commune in the Hérault département in the Occitanie region in southern France. It is a subprefecture of the department and also the capital of the "arrondissement" of the same name.


title: Béziers

text: Béziers is one of the oldest cities in France. Research shows that Béziers was built by Greeks in the 6th century BC. Some archaeologists think that Béziers could be the oldest town of France, even before Marseille.


title: Béziers

text: The site where is Béziers has been occupied since Neolithic times, before the arrival of Celts. Roman "Betarra" was on the road that linked Provence with Iberia. The Romans refounded the city as a new place for veterans in 36–35 BC and called it "Colonia Julia Baeterrae Septimanorum". Stones from the Roman amphitheatre were used to construct the city wall during the 3rd century. The city was occupied by the Moors between 720 and 752.


title: Béziers

text: Béziers was a Languedoc stronghold of Catharism, which the Catholic Church condemned as heretical and which Catholic forces exterminated in the Albigensian Crusade.


title: Béziers

text: Béziers was the first place to be attacked. The crusaders got to the town on 21 July 1209 and burned the cathedral of Saint Nazaire. A few parts of the Romanesque cathedral survived, and repairs started in 1215. The restoration, along with that of the rest of the city, continued until the 15th century.


title: Béziers

text: After the Louis Napoléon's coup d'état in 1851, troops killed protesters in Béziers. Others were condemned to death or taken to the Guiana.


title: Béziers

text: The city is in the southeastern of the department, in the plain of Hérault (the "plaine héraultoise"). It is on a small cliff on the eastern side of the Orb river, a tributary of the Hérault river.


title: Béziers

text: The "commune" has an area of , the largest "commune" in the department, and is at an altitude of about above sea level. Béziers is at to the southeast of the city of Montpellier and at from the Mediterranean Sea.


title: Béziers

text: The "commune" of Béziers is surrounded by the "communes" Boujan-sur-Libron, Maraussan, Lignan-sur-Orb, Villeneuve-lès-Béziers, Corneilhan, Sauvian, Colombiers, Cers, Montady, Maureilhan, Bassan and Vendres.


title: Béziers

text: The climate of Béziers, in the Köppen climate classification, is Csa - Mediterranean climate with hot summers.


title: Béziers

text: The inhabitants of Béziers are known, in French, as "Biterrois" (women: "Biterroises"), from "Baeterrae", the Latin name of the city.


title: Béziers

text: Béziers forms with other four "communes" the urban area of Béziers with a population of 89,243 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Béziers, formed by 40 "communes" with a population of 168,960 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .


title: Béziers

text: Béziers is a subprefecture of the Hérault department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Béziers and the administrative centre () of three cantons: Béziers-1, Béziers-2 and Béziers-3.


title: Lingala language

text: Lingala is a Bantu language spoken in the North-East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the North of the Republic of the Congo. It has the status of national language in those two countries.


title: Jacobins

text: Their leader was Maximilien de Robespierre, and they were in power of the French government from June of 1793 to July of 1794.


title: Jacobins

text: Initially founded in 1789 by anti-royalist deputies from Brittany, the club grew into a nationwide republican movement, with a membership estimated at a half million or more.


title: Jacobins

text: Members of the Jacobins would often belong to mainly to the less prosperous section of the society (the working class). They included shopkeepers, artisans, cooks, shoemakers and daily wage workers.


title: Tug of war

text: Tug of war is a game played by both children and adults, using a rope. A pit of mud can also be used with the rope. The players organize into two teams, and grab on to one side of the rope each. The goal of the game is to pull the other team into the mud pit, or over a marked boundary, like a stick.


title: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan

text: This list is for the main part of Azerbaijan. The rayons of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed below and numbered separately. Some rayons are completely or partially in the Nagorno-Karabakh, shown on the map in green; this is noted in the list. Nagorno-Karabakh is not recognised as an independent state, but it functions as one.


title: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan

text: The territory of Nagorno-Karabakh currently is made up of the rayons of Khojavend, Tartar, Goranboy, Shusha and Kalbajar. When the area was part of the Soviet Union, it was known as Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO). However, on 26 November 1991, the Parliament of the Azerbaijan SSR ended the autonomy of the NKAO. Its territory was divided between the neighboring rayons. Since the Nagorno-Karabakh War, however, it is under the control of the ethnic Armenian forces from Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia.


title: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan

text: The seven districts and one municipality of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed and numbered separately.


title: Frisian people

text: The Frisians are a group of people of northwestern Europe, living in an area known as Frisia. They are mainly in the Dutch areas of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, East Frisia and North Frisia. They are said to be a tall, big-boned and light-haired people with a rich history and folklore.


title: Frisian people

text: The Frisians were able to make an agreement with the Romans at the River Rhine in 28 CE. Sixteen years later they defeated the Romans under Tiberius at the Battle of Baduhennawood. The Frisii were known and respected by the Romans and were written about by several writers. Tacitus wrote about the Germanic peoples in 69 CE, describing the habits of the Germanic people, as well as listing a lot of Frisian groups by name. Of the many groups he listed, the Frisians are the only ones that have kept their old name.


title: Frisian people

text: The Frisians probably used boats. The North Sea from Britain to Eastern Denmark, was called "Mare Frisia" at that time. Small groups of Frisians settled the lands around them and their homes have been found in England, Scotland, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, France and The Netherlands.


title: Frisian people

text: Their land followed the edge of the North Sea from the mouth of the Rhine river up to that of the Ems. The Ems was the eastern edge of their land according to Ptolemy's "Geographica".


title: Frisian people

text: In the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons went through Frisian territory to invade Great Britain. A lot of Frisians moved with them. The Frisians who stayed in Europe moved into the lands where the Anglo-Saxons used to live.


title: Neith

text: Neith was one of the earliest goddesses of ancient Egypt. She was the patroness of the city Sais in the River Nile Delta. Several Egyptian queens of the first Dynasty were named after her. The people of lower Egypt prayed to her statues when they were sick or to keep them safe from harm. Every year the people held a great festival in her honor, called the Feast of Lamps, because at night, they burned lots of lights in the open air during the celebration.


title: Neith

text: Neith was also known as "The Warrior Goddess," "The creator Goddess," "The Mother Goddess," "The Goddess of Lower Egypt," and "The Goddess of Funerals or Funerary Goddess." In drawings of her, she wore the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. Sometimes she was shown holding a bow and arrows.


title: Neith

text: Neith had worshippers all over Egypt. In the Old Kingdom of Egypt, she was an important deity in Memphis. But, she lost some of her importance during the Middle Kingdom and early New Kingdom. But, in the 19th dynasty, she became more popular again.


title: Neith

text: Neith was the goddess of war and hunting. It was her responsibility to help settle wars and disputes between the gods and the Egyptians. The Egyptian warriors believed they could not win a war without praying to her.


title: Gum arabic

text: Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, or meska, is a natural gum. It is made of hardened sap from two species of acacia tree; "Senegalia (Acacia) senegal" and "Vachellia (Acacia) seyal". The gum is got from wild trees throughout the Sahel from Senegal to Somalia. In the past it has also been cultivated in Arabia and west Asia.


title: Gum arabic

text: Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. It was historically the source of the sugars arabinose and ribose, both of which were first discovered and isolated from it.


title: Gum arabic

text: Acacia gum has been harvested in Arabia, Sudan, and west Asia since antiquity, and sub-Saharan acacia gum has a long history as a prized export. Traditionally harvested by semi-nomadic desert tribes on their travels, acacia gum is a main export of several African nations. The hardened gum is collected in the middle of the rainy season (harvesting usually begins in July), and exported at the start of the dry season (November).


title: Gum arabic

text: From the 1950s to the early 1990s Sudan did about 80% of gum arabic production. Today, the figure is under 50%. Hundreds of thousands of Sudanese are dependent on gum arabic for their livelihoods. It is still the world's largest single producer, and the production of gum arabic is heavily controlled by the Sudanese government.


title: Gum arabic

text: In food, gum arabic is used as a stabilizer. It is edible and has E number E414. Arab populations use the natural gum to make a chilled, sweetened, and flavored gelato-like dessert.


title: Gum arabic

text: Gum arabic has been used from ancient times as part of black ink. The main constituent is carbon soot from lamps or burnt plant material. Apart from water and gum arabic, the ancient Egyptian ink was made of not much else. Written on paper or papyrus, this ink has survived for over three thousand years.


title: Gum arabic

text: Gum arabic is a key ingredient in traditional lithography and is used in printing, paint production, glue, cosmetics and various industrial applications, including viscosity control in inks and in textile industries. Nowadays less expensive materials compete with it for many of these roles.


title: Gum arabic

text: Gum arabic is used as a binder for watercolor painting because it dissolves easily in water. Pigment of any colour is suspended in the acacia gum to get in watercolor paint. Water acts as a vehicle to thin the watercolor paint and helps to transfer the paint to a surface such as paper. When all moisture evaporates, the acacia gum binds the pigment to the paper surface. After the water evaporates, the acacia gum in the paint film increases luminosity and helps prevent the colors from lightening. Gum arabic allows more precise control over washes, because it prevents them from flowing or bleeding beyond the brush stroke. In addition, acacia gum slows evaporation of water, giving slightly longer working time.


title: Gum arabic

text: The historical photography process used gum arabic mixed with ammonium or potassium dichromate and pigment to create a coloured photographic emulsion that becomes relatively insoluble in water upon exposure to ultraviolet light. In the final print, the acacia gum permanently binds the pigments onto the paper.


title: Revelation

text: A Revelation is a source of information that is given to some people and meant to share with others from a government, influential people or a supernatural deity. In monotheistic literature, a revelation is given by God to a prophet or someone God wants to make a prophet and it is supposed to be told to others. In this page, I will explain John’s Revelation from God that is also the last book in the Bible also coincdidently called Revelation.


title: Revelation

text: In Catholicism and other Christian denominations, John is also called Saint John and was Jesus Christ’s 3rd/4th called disciple. John wrote a Gospel called The Gospel according to John. He also wrote 1st, 2nd and 3rd John. The most famous verse in the Bible was written by him in John 3:16 during Christ’s conversation with the pharisee Nicodemus. John wrote the Book of Revelation and I will explain it now.


title: Revelation

text: In the beginning of Revelation, it is important to know that John was currently in exile in the island of Patmos, an island in the Aegean Sea and part of Greece’s territory now, because he refused to look at Emperor Domitian as Lord and God. John explains this and he also says he saw the Heavens, so we can suggest that he was writing what he saw while having his revelation or vision —whichever you choose to call it.


title: Revelation

text: I’m not going to explain every little detail, just an overview. Jesus tells him to send a message to 7 churches in Asia Minor, that is Turkey. These are Ephesus, Symrna, Pergammum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea. He explains He knows the suffering and He is watching over them.


title: Revelation

text: A few chapters in and we see Apocalyptic literature. This was very common in the writing of Jews and Christians during the great persecution of Early Christians in the Roman Empire before Emperor Constantine made Christianity the state religion. You see a lot of beasts and creatures and then the greatly feared Antichrist.


title: Revelation

text: I think now I should explain the 2 witnesses and the Antichrist. The 2 witnesses will be 2 prophets who God will raise from the dead and they will preach for three and a half years when the Antichrist will come and kill them both. Then because they have been slaughtered people from all around the world will drink and exchange gifts out of merriness and joyfulness because those 2 witnesses have died and nobody can shine the light of their sins. For three and a half days, they will not be allowed to be given their final dignity and put into graves. Then after 3 and a half days, God will raise them up from the dead and everyone will be shocked (imaginable) also will be ascending into Heaven.


title: Revelation

text: The Antichrist is prominent in Revelation and is spoken a lot about. Christian and Jewish elders believe it will be an influential government that will trick everyone. But for everyone else its probably this tall, well-built "man" who will slaughter the Jews just when he has gained their trust.


title: Revelation

text: That’s all I have now and I will come back soon with Revelation PART 2 soon. Have a great day! and I hoped you enjoyed reading this


title: Samuel Adams

text: Samuel Adams (September 27 (OS), 1722–October 2, 1803) was an American leader, politician, writer, and political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Adams helped gather support in the American colonies to rebel against Great Britain. This led to the American Revolution. Adams shaped the foundations of American politics.


title: Samuel Adams

text: Adams, born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts, was brought up in a religious family. He was educated at Boston Latin School and Harvard College. He started his life as a businessman, but did not like his occupation. He then turned his interest to politics, and became an influential political writer. Adams urged the colonists to withdraw from Great Britain and form a new government. He told the colonies to defend their rights and liberties at town meetings in Boston. He wrote protests against Parliament's taxes against the colonies, such as the Stamp Act of 1765. Adams also organized the Boston Tea Party in 1773 and he was a member of the Continental Congress. He argued for the Declaration of Independence at the Second Continental Congress in 1776.


title: Samuel Adams

text: Adams helped write the Massachusetts Constitution with James Bowdoin and his cousin John Adams. Later, Adams helped draft the Articles of Confederation. After the Revolutionary War ended, he ran for the House of Representatives in the 1st United States Congressional election. He lost the election to Fisher Ames. He was elected Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1789. After John Hancock's death in 1793, Adams served as the acting governor. He was then elected governor in January of 1794. He served in that position until June 1797. He then retired from politics and settled in his home in Boston. He died six years later on October 2, 1803.


title: Samuel Adams

text: Many of the foremost works on Adams' life are from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Much of the information in more recent biographies is attributed to these earlier works.


title: Portishead (band)

text: Portishead (, with the stress on "head)" are an English musical group from Bristol. The band is named after the nearby town of the same name, west of Bristol. Portishead is Geoff Barrow, Beth Gibbons, and Adrian Utley, while sometimes using a fourth member Dave McDonald; an engineer on "Dummy".


title: Leyden jar

text: The Leyden jar (or Leiden jar) is a device for storing static electricity. It is large glass bottle, usually lined on both the inside and the outside with some type of metal foil. Some of the early ones had water inside. They allow the experimenter to collect a large amount of charge.


title: Leyden jar

text: They are the first form of electrical storage. These methods are known today as 'condensers' or 'capacitors'.


title: Leyden jar

text: The first electrical storage jar was created by Ewald Georg von Kleist on 11 October 1745. He was the dean of the cathedral of Cammin in Pomerania, on the north coast of Germany (at that time a separate country). He was interested to find whether static electricity could be stored in a bottle, because he knew that electricity could not pass through glass. He thought he might be able to capture and hold a small amount. He only had a small experimental friction generator.


title: Leyden jar

text: He underestimated how much electricity a small medicine bottle could hold by thousands of times. A peculiarity of electricity allows it to continue flowing into the bottle provided the outside of the bottle has an electrically conductive surface connected to the earth. This neutralises the pressure from the charge trying to flow back out.


title: Leyden jar

text: In von Kleist's case, this electrically conductive surface was just his hand, but it was enough to allow a very substantial charge to enter and remain in the jar through a nail he had driven through the cork.


title: Leyden jar

text: When he accidentally touched the nail, he received such a shock that it threw him across the room. He had made a connection between the inside charge and the accumulated outside charge, and since these were opposite signs (one positive and the other negative) all the accumulated charge flowed through his body.


title: Leyden jar

text: He didn't understand why this jar stored so efficiently, but he send a scrambled description to some associates in Berlin, and one copy was sent on to von Klein's old university associate Andreas Cunaeus where it ended up in the hands of Pieter van Musschenbroek, who was the University of Leyden's main physics professor. He worked out that the storage capacity was vastly improved only if the flask was held in the hand, and his letter to scientist in France gave the jar the name "Leyden jar".


title: Leyden jar

text: For many years the Leyden jar was the main tool of electrical storage, and it remained so until the invention of a chemical battery and electrical generators of the type we use today.


title: Compassion

text: Compassion is a positive response and desire to help with an inner motivation to lessen or prevent suffering of others.


title: Knives Out

text: Knives Out is a 2019 American black comedy mystery movie written, produced and directed by Rian Johnson. The movie is about a rich family gathering gone horribly wrong, after the family patriarch's death leads a master detective to investigate.


title: Compassion

text: Compassion motivates people to go out of their way to help physical, spiritual, or emotional hurts or pains of another. The word “compassion” comes from Latin and Greek to mean “to suffer with.” Compassion means to suffer with another, and it includes a spontaneous desire to alleviate that suffering. Pity and compassion are closely related words but have subtle differences. The difference is that compassion usually involves some commitment to help. Pity does not usually require any personal involvement.


title: Knives Out

text: The movie stars Daniel Craig, Chris Evans, Ana de Armas, Jamie Lee Curtis, Michael Shannon, Don Johnson, Toni Collette, Lakeith Stanfield, Katherine Langford, Jaeden Martell, M. Emmet Walsh, K Callan, Frank Oz and Christopher Plummer.


title: Knives Out

text: The movie had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2019 and is scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States on November 27, 2019, by Lionsgate.


title: Knives Out

text: The movie has strong positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes holding an approval rating of 98% based on 100 reviews. A sequel will be released in 2022 on Netflix.


title: Aldershot

text: Aldershot () is a town in the English county of Hampshire, about 60 km (37 miles) southwest of London. The town is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 33,840, while the Aldershot Urban Area, a loose conurbation (which also includes other towns, such as Camberley, Farnborough, and Farnham) has a population of 243,344, making it the 30th-largest urban area in the UK


title: Aldershot

text: Aldershot is home to professional football team Aldershot Town who compete in the Football Conference. Prior to 1992 the local club was Aldershot, which folded on 25 March 1992, while playing in the Football League Fourth Division


title: Aldershot

text: Aldershot is known for its connection with the British Army. This led to rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town. Today, Aldershot is known as the ""Home of the British Army"".


title: Mnemonic

text: A mnemonic is a way for people to remember things more easily. For example, the treble clef lines on a music staff are for the notes E G B D and F. Music students are taught to remember this with a mnemonic - Every Good Boy Does Fine. The first known mnemonics were used by the Ancient Greeks. Cicero said the poet Simonides (c.556-c.468 B.C) discovered the power of mnemonics to help him make visual images so he could remember things. The word "mnemonic" comes from the Greek words "mnene", meaning memory and "mnemon", meaning mindful.


title: Fibula (brooch)

text: A Fibula is an ancient brooch. (Plural: fibulae). Technically, the latin term fibulae meant Roman brooches, but the term is widely used for brooches from the entire ancient and early medieval world. Unlike modern brooches, fibulae were not only decorative, they originally served a practical function: to fasten clothes, including cloaks. Fibulae replaced straight pins that were used to fasten clothing in the Neolithic period and Bronze Age. In turn, fibulae were replaced as clothing fasteners in the Middle Ages by buttons. Their descendent, the modern safety pin, remains in use today.


title: Fibula (brooch)

text: There are hundreds of different types and variations of fibulae. They are usually divided into families or groups based on historical period, geography and/or cultural grouping. Fibulae are also divided into classes based on their general forms.


title: Fourier analysis

text: Fourier analysis is a branch of analysis that looks at how more complex functions can be built with simpler ones. It is also known as classical harmonic analysis. It is named after Joseph Fourier who first used it in the 19th century. The process itself is called Fourier transform. Fourier analysis is widely used in fields such as physics, partial differential equations, number theory, combinatorics, signal processing, imaging, probability theory, statistics, option pricing, cryptography, numerical analysis, acoustics, oceanography, sonar, optics, diffraction, geometry and protein structure analysis.


title: Endianness

text: Endianness refers to how data is ordered in machine language, the simplest, most understandable code that a computer can use.


title: Special Operations Executive

text: The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British World War II organisation. It was officially formed on 22 July 1940 under Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton. It was formed by combining three existing secret organisations. Its purpose was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements. Later there were also reconnaissance missions in occupied Southeast Asia.


title: Endianness

text: In computer coding, all data (information) is just a series of numbers, which can be written and / or input in two ways: little-endian and big-endian. Which one is used depends on the data format and the way the computer reads the data.


title: Special Operations Executive

text: One of the organisations from which SOE was created was also involved in the formation of the Auxiliary Units, a top secret "stay-behind" resistance organisation which would have been activated in the event of a German invasion of Britain.


title: Endianness

text: The way it's written right now is big-endian, because the bigger number is on the end. (Note that this number is in hexadecimal (base-16) ).


title: Special Operations Executive

text: Few people were aware of SOE's existence. Those who were part of it or liaised with it sometimes referred to as the "Baker Street Irregulars", after the location of its London headquarters. It was also known as "Churchill's Secret Army" or the "Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare". Its various branches, and sometimes the organisation as a whole, were concealed for security purposes behind names such as the "Joint Technical Board" or the "Inter-Service Research Bureau", or fictitious branches of the Air Ministry, Admiralty or War Office.


title: Endianness

text: There are two important things to know here: first, "end" here does not mean "the last", but rather "side". In other words, "big-endian" means something like "the big side first", not "the big number is at the finish". Second, in computing numbers are usually grouped into bytes which hexadecimal uses two digits to write out. Each group is treated as a single thing and the digits within do not switch.


title: Special Operations Executive

text: SOE operated in all countries or former countries occupied by or attacked by the Axis forces, except where demarcation lines were agreed with Britain's principal Allies (the Soviet Union and the United States). It also made use of neutral territory on occasion, or made plans and preparations in case neutral countries were attacked by the Axis. The organisation directly employed or controlled just over 13,000 people, about 3,200 of whom were women.


title: Special Operations Executive

text: After the war, the organisation was officially dissolved on 15 January 1946. A memorial to SOE's agents was unveiled on the Albert Embankment by Lambeth Palace in London in October 2009.


title: Will Arnett

text: William Emerson Arnett (born May 4, 1970) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian and producer. He starred in the "Arrested Development" and "30 Rock". He also voiced Lego Batman in animated movies, "The Lego Movie", "The Lego Batman Movie" and "". Arnett plays Detective Terry Seattle in the Netflix comedy mystery series "Murderville".


title: Christie Brinkley

text: Christie Brinkley (born February 2, 1954) is an American model, actress, writer and designer. She was born Christie Lee Hudson in Monroe, Michigan. She moved to Los Angeles, California and changed her surname to that of her stepfather, writer Don Brinkley (1921–2012). She has appeared on magazine covers many times and has a long contract with CoverGirl (the longest of any model in history). All her four marriages ended in divorce. Her second marriage was to singer Billy Joel and lasted from 1985–1994. Their daughter Alexa Ray Joel (born 1985) is her eldest child and is a musician. Brinkley also has a son by her third husband and a daughter by her fourth.


title: Will Arnett

text: Arnett was born in Toronto. He married Penelope Ann Miller from 1994 to 1995. Arnett married Amy Poehler from 2003 to 2016. They have two children.


title: Graham Nash

text: Graham William Nash (born 2 February 1942 in Blackpool, England) is an English musician, singer and songwriter. He was a founding member of The Hollies, but left that band to form Crosby, Stills & Nash with David Crosby and Stephen Stills. He moved to California to be part of the new group, which Neil Young also joined later.


title: Downtown Los Angeles

text: Downtown Los Angeles is the central business district of Los Angeles, California. It is also a neighbourhood. About 85,000 people live there. It is the part of Los Angeles with the most skyscrapers, including the Wilshire Grand Center and the U.S. Bank Tower. The neighbourhood has an area of about .


title: Graham Nash

text: While Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young broke apart and came back together many times, Nash has almost always worked with David Crosby since the 1960s.


title: Graham Nash

text: Nash became an American citizen in 1978. Besides music, he is also a talented photographer, and collector of photographs.


title: Ray Toro

text: Raymond Toro, born on July 15, 1977 in Kearny, New Jersey. Toro is the lead guitarist and one of two backup vocalists for My Chemical Romance. He plays Gibson Les Paul guitars with Seymour Duncan pickups through Marshall amplifiers. He helped form the band in 2001 after reconnecting with frontman Gerard Way and drummer Matt Pelissier.


title: Interstate 15

text: Interstate 15 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from San Diego, California north to Sweetgrass, Montana at the Canada border. It also connects the cities of Las Vegas, Nevada and Salt Lake City, Utah. The route is long and passes through the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, and Montana.


title: Of

text: Of is a preposition used in the English language to show a possessive relationship. For example, the phrase "book of maps" means that the book has maps. The phrase "father of Mike" means the father that is being mentioned is Mike's father.


title: Ray Toro

text: When he was younger he enjoyed the music of Queen, Metallica, Megadeth, and Slayer and he cites Brian May and Randy Rhoads as large influences on his playing. Toro has said that he grew up listening to his brothers rock albums and has always wanted to play the drums, though he sticks to guitar with My Chemical Romance.


title: Ray Toro

text: On April,13 2011, #SINGItForJapan was released as an effort to raise money for Japan after the tsunami. This project was started when Toro was inspired by kind words from their fans, and he went on to arrange much of the instruments to create a sound that closely emulated traditional Japanese music.


title: Iain Duncan Smith

text: Sir George Iain Duncan Smith (born 9 April 1954 in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a British politician who is the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from 2016 - 2016. He was the leader of the Conservative Party from September 2001 to November 2003 and is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Chingford and Woodford Green.


title: Iain Duncan Smith

text: Iain Duncan Smith served in the Scottish part of the British Army, the Scots' Guard from 1975 to 1981. He became a Conservative Party MP at the 1992 General Election for the constituency of Chingford (called Chingford and Woodford Green from 1997). He became a member of William Hague's shadow cabinet in 1997 and became Shadow Defence Secretary in 1999. When Hague resigned in 2001, Iain Duncan Smith was elected leader of the Conservative Party, defeating Kenneth Clarke and Michael Portillo. In November 2003, Conservative Party MPs passed a Vote of No Confidence in Iain Duncan Smith because they believed he could not win the general election. He was replaced by Michael Howard. After the 2010 General Election, Iain Duncan Smith was made the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. He resigned in March 2016.


title: Iain Duncan Smith

text: Iain Duncan Smith was the first leader of the Conservative Party to have been Roman Catholic and was the first to have been born in Scotland since Arthur Balfour.


title: United States Secretary of Energy

text: The United States Secretary of Energy is the head of the United States Department of Energy, a member of the President's Cabinet, and fifteenth in the Presidential line of succession. The post was created with the formation of the Department of Energy on October 1, 1977 by President Jimmy Carter's signing of the Department of Energy Organization Act. The position was originally developed to focus on energy production and regulation. During the 1980s, the emphasis shifted to development of technology for better, more efficient energy sources as well as education regarding energy. As the Cold War ended, the department's efforts were more often devoted to nuclear waste disposal and maintenance of environmental quality.


title: Krispy Kreme

text: Krispy Kreme is the name of an international chain of doughnut shops that was made by Vernon Rudolph in 1937. The real parent company of Krispy Kreme is Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc.


title: Krispy Kreme

text: While selling all types of doughnuts, Krispy Kreme's signature is a glazed doughnut that is traditionally served warm.


title: Krispy Kreme

text: Loblaws supermarkets and Petro-Canada gas stations in Canada have Krispy Kreme. In the United Kingdom Tesco supermarkets, Tesco Extra and Moto service stations carry Krispy Kreme products.


title: Krispy Kreme

text: On May 6, 2008, the first Krispy Kreme shop in Puerto Rico opened, followed by two additional places in 2010 and one location in 2011.


title: Krispy Kreme

text: The 18 stores that opened in Canada were reduced to four. Two of them are in Quebec while the other two stores are in Mississauga, Ontario and Delta, British Columbia. A small seasonal shop was recently opened in Wasaga Beach, Ontario. The Wasaga Beach receives its doughnuts from the Mississauga shop every morning. Another small store recently opened on November 3, 2010 in Toronto at Bathurst and Harbord Streets in the city's Harbord Village neighborhood. This store got shipments from the Mississauga store. Krispy Kreme's Canadian assets were put up for sale in 2005 seven weeks after the U.S.-based doughnut company had the firm that owns the stores in Canada placed under bankruptcy protection.


title: Miami metropolitan area

text: The Miami metropolitan area is the metropolitan area including Miami and its nearby communities. As of 2015, there were more than six million inhabitants. This makes the Miami metropolitan area the most populous in Florida and the second-most populous in the Southeastern United States.


title: Miami metropolitan area

text: The Miami metropolitan area includes Miami-Dade County, Broward and Palm Beach counties in southeastern Florida. This area is also called the Gold Coast.


title: Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution

text: Ratified on January 23, 1933, the Twentieth Amendment (Amendment XX) to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20. It moved the start and end dates for members of Congress from March 1 to January 21. In both cases the start and end time is at noon. It also gives the procedure to follow if for some reason there is no president-elect.


text: In the later part of the eighteenth century, when the Constitution was written, travel and communications were both very slow by modern standards. To cross the Atlantic Ocean could take several weeks. Traveling by horseback or by carriage on crude roads in the US could take even longer. Communications were mainly by letter or messenger. For these reasons the framers of the Constitution allowed for the longer periods of time it took to send and receive messages. Four months, the time from the election in November to the swearing-in in March, was necessary at the time.


text: By the 1930s, a railroad passenger could cross the country in 3 days. The Post Office had been using airmail since 1918. But vastly improved travel times and communications were not the only reasons behind the Twentieth Amendment. The joint resolution calling for the amendment was sponsored by Republican Senator George William Norris of Nebraska. Called the "Lame Duck" Amendment, it acquired this name because Norris wanted to eliminate the lame-duck sessions of Congress where outgoing members still held office and voted on bills for several months before the new members could be sworn in. The bill he wrote applied to both houses of Congress, the offices of President and Vice-President.


text: Another area the amendment addressed was with the succession of the president if the president-elect died before taking office. It provides for the vice-president elect to become the president-elect and take office on January 20. The amendment also give Congress the power to legislate on other issues dealing with the succession of the president.


text: The sessions of Congress between the election and the beginning of a new term are called "lame duck" sessions because members of Congress who were voted out of office still attend and can still vote. Originally the term "lame duck" was a financial term meaning those who could not repay a loan. As used in politics, a representative who lost an election was no longer accountable to the voters. As the framers of the Twentieth Amendment saw it, lame duck representatives should not be able to vote since voters had already rejected their views. The Twentieth Amendment only shortened the lame duck period by six weeks. Between 1933 and 2012, 18 lame-duck sessions of Congress have passed laws.


title: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

text: Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States. The number of Associate Justices is ruled by the United States Congress and is currently set at eight by the Judiciary Act of 1869.


text: The President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court." Although the Constitution refers to them as "Judges of the Supreme Court," the title actually used is "Associate Justice," introduced in the Judiciary Act of 1789. Associate justices were traditionally styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before the first female justice was appointed.


text: Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.


text: Under 28 USC 3, when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.


title: Ahmed Sofa

text: Born in Chittagong, Sofa was educated at the University of Dhaka. He served many newspapers, and magazines as editors. A writer by occupation, Sofa wrote 18 non-fiction books, 8 novels, 4 collections of poems, 1 collection of short stories, and several books in other genres.


title: Irina Demick

text: Irina Demick (16 October 1936 – 8 October 2004), sometimes credited as Irina Demich, was a French actress. She was known for her roles in "OSS se déchaîne" (1963), "The Visit" (1964), "Un monsieur de compagnie" (1964) and "Up from the Beach" (1965).


title: Ahmed Sofa

text: In "Buddhibrittir Natun Binyas" (A New Mode of Intellectualism, 1972), Sofa reminded the writers and artists of their true responsibility. In "Bangali Musalmaner Man" (The Mind of the Bengali Muslims, 1981), Sofa surveyed the history of Bengali Muslims to explain how their identity was formed, and how they might overcome the causes of their backwardness.


title: Ahmed Sofa

text: In "Gabhi Bittanta" (A Tale of a Cow, 1995), Sofa satirizes Bangladeshi university teachers engaged in party politics and corruption. "Pushpa Briksa ebang Bihanga Puran" (Tales of Flowers, Trees, and Birds, 1996) narrates Sofa's personal relation with birds, plants and nature.


title: Ahmed Sofa

text: Sofa is a very influential writer in Bangladesh. Sofa was criticized for his bohemian lifestyle. He was called rebel, mad and insolent


title: Ahmed Sofa

text: He was awarded Ekushe Padak posthumously by the Government of Bangladesh in 2002. Sofa rejected Lekhak Shibir Award in 1975, and Sa'dat Ali Akanda Award offered by Bangla Academy in 1993.


title: Acadia

text: Acadia is the name of a territory in northeastern North America. Today, the area is mostly part of Canada. At the time, England and France fought over the territory. France said it had a legitimate claim, because Giovanni da Verrazzano and Jacques Cartier had done expeditions in the area. The British claim was founded on an expedition of Giovanni Caboto. The borders of the territory had never been defined clearly. Fights about where these borders were, were common. Historically, Acadia covered the territories of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and the southern part of the Gaspé Peninsula, in Quebec. The northeastern part of Maine was also part of Acadia.


title: Dhadkan

text: Dhadkan () is a Bollywood romantic drama movie directed by Dharmesh Darshan. The movie has Akshay Kumar, Shilpa Shetty, Sunil Shetty and Mahima Chaudhry in the main roles. The movie's music was done by Himanshu Jaykar & Nadeem-Shravan.


title: Dhadkan

text: The music of the movie went to become very popular of that year. It was also the second most sold Bollywood music album.


title: The S.O.S. Band

text: The S.O.S. Band (sometimes written SOS Band; abbreviation for Sounds Of Success) is an American R&B and electro-funk group who gained fame in the 1980s. They are best known for the songs "Take Your Time (Do It Right)," "Just Be Good to Me," "Tell Me If You Still Care," and "The Finest."


title: The S.O.S. Band

text: The band was founded in Atlanta, Georgia in 1977. The original group members included Willie "Sonny" Killebrew (saxophone), Billy Ellis (flute), Jason "T.C." Bryant (keyboards), Bruno Speight (guitar), John Simpson (bass), James Earl Jones III (drums), and Mary Davis (lead vocals, keyboards). It was originally known as Santa Monica, but later changed its name to The S.O.S. Band- an acronym for Sounds of Success. After listening to its demo and being impressed with their sound, Tabu Records founder Clarence Avant signed the group to its first recording contract.


title: The S.O.S. Band

text: In 1980, the group released its first hit single, "Take Your Time (Do It Right)", which was certified platinum and sold over 2 million copies. Its debut album, "S.O.S.", went gold and sold over 800,000 copies. Trumpeter, vocalist, and percussionist Abdul Ra'oof joined the band while it was on a world tour.


title: The S.O.S. Band

text: In 1983, the band joined forces with then-new production team of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, who went on to craft a string of R&B hits for the group, which included "Just Be Good to Me," "High Hopes," "Tell Me If You Still Care," "Borrowed Love," "No One's Gonna Love You," "Just the Way You Like It," and "The Finest."


title: The S.O.S. Band

text: Lead vocalist Mary Davis left the group in 1987 to pursue a solo career, and was replaced by Chandra Currelley beginning with the band's 1989 "Diamonds in the Raw" album. They recorded another album with Currelley - 1991's "One of Many Nights", which featured a few songs with a guest appearance from a then-unknown Kurupt.


title: The S.O.S. Band

text: More recently, Currelley has been active as an actress and vocalist in Tyler Perry plays and movies. When Davis’s solo career was not as successful as she hoped, she reunited with the band in 1994. Since then, Davis spilt from the remaining members of The S.O.S. Band, with Davis and Speight both touring using the band's name with their versions of the current lineup.


title: The S.O.S. Band

text: In 2013, The S.O.S. Band's entire Tabu Records catalog was reissued, as Tabu licensed their brand and trademark to British-based record label Demon Music Group.


title: Conservative

text: Conservative means wishing or tending to save something old. Thus, culturally conservative is saving cultural heritage. Other kinds of conservative include:


title: Shill

text: A shill is a 'plant' or stooge. They are people, usually paid, who promote something while pretending to be independent.


title: Shill

text: Shills publicly help or give credibility to a person or organization with which they have a private relationship. Shills operate in media, journalism, marketing, confidence games, or other business areas. A shill may also discredit opponents or critics of their client by character assassination or other means.


title: Shill

text: Usually, "shill" refers to someone who purposely gives onlookers, or "marks", the impression of an enthusiastic customer. They pretend independence of the seller, marketer or "con artist", for whom they are secretly working.


title: Shill

text: The shill works for "the man" who does the tricks to extract money from the onlookers. The arena can be as basic as a street three-shell game, or as complex as a massive stock exchange fraud. All it takes is someone who looks like a fellow player to show big appreciation of the seller's product.


title: Shill

text: The shill and his client ("the man") rely on crowd psychology to encourage other onlookers or audience members to do business with the seller or accept the ideas they are promoting. With a big audience, such as a magician's show or a political rally, there are placed people in the audience very often. Then the shill is called a plant or stooge.


title: Shill

text: What the shill does is similar or identical to what advertising and public relations do. However, it is more obvious that the latter have a vested interest because everyone knows they are being paid for their work. Another place for shilling is the many web auctions.


title: Lalon Shah Bridge

text: Lalon Shah Bridge is the second longest bridge in Bangladesh. Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia inaugurated the bridge at a ceremony held at Paksey. The bridge directly connects the north-western and south-western regions of the country by road. The river Padma had separated the two regions.


title: Nicole Johnson

text: Nicole Johnson (born January 9, 1974) is an American beauty queen, author, public health professional and activist. She was crowned Miss America 1999 in September 1998. Before that, she was Miss Virginia 1998. She was the first Miss America with diabetes. She was also the first contestant to publicize the use of an insulin pump.


title: Lalon Shah Bridge

text: The 1.8 K.M long bridge has been constructed parallel to historic Hardinge Railway Bridge over the river Padma with the financial assistance from Japan. To construct the bridge, the Government of Japan through JBIC extended soft ODA Yen loan to Bangladesh in two phases. The first phase loan agreement was signed between Bangladesh and Japan on July 01, 1997 while the second phase loan agreement on March 31, 2001. The total cost of the bridge is US $ 184 million of which JBIC contributed US $ 141 million, which is about 80% of the total cost.


title: Nicole Johnson

text: Johnson works for diabetes treatment, research and education. She was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1993.


title: Lalon Shah Bridge

text: An inauguration ceremony was held at the bridge site at Paksey on May 18, 2004. Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia was the Chief Guest while Ambassador of Japan to Bangladesh H.E. Mr. Matsushiro Horiguchi spoke as the special guest. Mr. Ryutaro Koga, Deputy Director General of JBIC Tokyo read out the message from JBIC Governor Mr. Kyosuke Shinozawa in the ceremony. Mr. Tsutomu Uchida, Chief Representative of JBIC Dhaka was present, among others, in the function.


title: Lalon Shah Bridge

text: The Lalon Shah Bridge has some of the deepest concrete piles in the world and the longest continuous segmental deck in the world, erected by using the balanced cantilever technique.


title: British Rail coach designations

text: The London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the London and North Eastern Railway both developed a system of identifying carriages by means of alphabetic codes. When British Railways was formed in 1948, it decided to adopt the former LNER method of carriage classification.


title: Climate of New York

text: The climate of New York State is mostly humid continental ("Dfa/Dfb" in the Köppen climate classification) with cold winters and warm to hot and humid summers.


title: British Rail coach designations

text: The codes are made up from a combination of letters, some of which can indicate more than one word; their meaning can only be determined according to their position, or the presence of other letters, in the code. The letters used are:


title: Climate of New York

text: Average annual temperatures ranges from 40°F (4.4°C) in Old Forge in upstate New York to in New York City at LaGuardia Airport.


title: British Rail coach designations

text: These letters (except for "Y" and "Z") did not usually apply to the wide variety of passenger-rated but goods carrying vans (e.g. parcels vans, horse boxes, milk and fish vans). Their codes were an acronym of their traditional railway description, e.g. GUV for General Utility Vans.


title: Climate of New York

text: New York City is an urban heat island, with temperatures 5-8 degrees Fahrenheit (3-4.4 degrees Celsius) warmer overnight than surrounding areas. In an effort to fight this warming, roofs of buildings are being painted white across the city in an effort to increase the reflection of solar energy, or albedo. NYC has a humid subtropical climate ("Cfa" in the Köppen climate classification).


title: British Rail coach designations

text: The following list lists those codes that were actually used on British Railways, cross-referred to the comparable code used by the LMS, with the exception that the letter "S" (""Second"", later ""Standard"") is used where until 1956 the letter "T" (""Third"") is used. Suffix codes "Y" or "Z" are not shown, as these could apply to variants of any or all vehicle types.


title: Climate of New York

text: Precipitation vary from around in Rochester to in the higher elevation of central New York. In the winter, New York has nor'easters which can bring blizzard conditions. Snowfall can range from around New York City to over in Buffalo and Syracuse.


title: British Rail coach designations

text: In the original LNER coding system, "S" stood for ""Second"", an intermediate class between "First" and "Third" (which later became "Second"). The original "Second" was more or less abolished in the 1870s (as a result of the Railway Regulation Act 1844), remaining only in limited use for special services, such as those meeting ships (which retained the three-class system from which railway classifications had originated). In the 1980s, BR renamed "Second" to "Standard". Many of the classifications listed below are no longer used, and some did not survive until the designation ""Standard"".


title: Climate of New York

text: The hottest temperature ever in New York state was 108°F (42°C) in Troy which is in eastern New York on July 22, 1926. The coldest temperature was -52°F (-46.6°C) in Old Forge. Average low temperature in January can be under 10°F (-12.2°C) in the high elevations to around


title: British Rail coach designations

text: Note that in modern usage, composite semi-open vehicles are classified "Cso" – the "s" signifying that the Standard portion is open (implying that the First portion is compartments with corridor).


title: Joss Stone

text: Joss Stone (born Jocelyn Eve Stoker on 11 April 1987) is a British soul singer-songwriter and actress. She was born in Dover, Kent and spent her teenage years in Ashill, Mid Devon. She still lives in Mid Devon. Stone became famous in late 2003 with her album "The Soul Sessions". It was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Stone's first single "Fell in Love with a Boy" was released in 2004. It reached number 18 in the UK Singles Chart. "You Had Me" was released as the first single from Stone's second album. It is Stone's most successful single. She sang on the 2004 number one Christmas single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" as part of Band Aid 20. Her second album "Mind Body & Soul" went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart. Stone sung on "Anniversary" on Lemar's 2006 album "The Truth About Love". Stone's third album "Introducing Joss Stone" was released in 2007. It was produced by Raphael Saadiq. Stone won Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for her cover of "Family Affair" with John Legend and Van Hunt. In 2009 Stone's fourth album "Colour Me Free!" was released. Stone sang on the song "Who's Your Daddy" on Ringo Starr's 2010 album "Y Not". In 2011 "LP1" was released. In 2012 "The Soul Sessions Vol.2" was released by Stone'd Records.


title: Game Boy Advance

text: The Game Boy Advance, commonly abbreviated as GBA, is a 32-bit handheld video game console. It was manufactured by Nintendo. The predecessor to the Game Boy Advance was the Game Boy Color. The Game Boy Advance was eventually succeeded by the Nintendo DS in 2004.


title: Game Boy Advance

text: The Game Boy Advance was released in Japan on March 21, 2001. Nintendo later released it in North America on June 11, 2001, in Australia on June 20, 2001, and in Europe on June 22, 2001.


title: Game Boy Advance

text: The Game Boy Advance SP (announced in 2002) is one of the two Game Boy Advance variations, first released in Japan on February 14, 2003, in Europe on March 23, 2003, in North America on March 28, 2003, and in Australia on April 10, 2003. It is similar to the original model, but it has a "clamshell" design, meaning that it can be folded to open and close which was later used in all the DS and 3DS models except the original 2DS. The Game Boy Advance SP has a rechargeable battery, and it does not run on two AA batteries. The Game Boy Advance SP has a backlit screen, meaning it has a bright screen (older versions of the GBA SP have a frontlit screen). Like its predecessor, it is backwards compatible with "GB" and "GBC" games.


title: Game Boy Advance

text: The Game Boy Micro is one of the two variations of the Game Boy Advance and is the last model in the Game Boy Line (alongside the AGS-101 model of the SP) announced at E3 2005. Development of the Micro began in 2004. It is smaller than most handhelds and is designed to fit inside coin pockets. It retains a rechargeable battery and backlit screen from the Game Boy Advance SP. The Game Boy Micro removed backwards compatibility with original Game Boy and Game Boy Color games as it is not compatible with accessories made for the "GBA" and SP. It also is incompatible with the Nintendo e-Reader. The Game Boy Micro also has a removable face plate for alternative designs. The Micro did not sell well as it was overshadowed by its successor, the Nintendo DS, which also plays "GBA" games.


title: Game Boy Advance

text: The Game Boy Micro has a switch on its right side to make the volume lower or higher. If the player presses the L shoulder button, it can be used to adjust the backlit screen between 5 different brightness levels.


title: Gaia hypothesis

text: The Gaia hypothesis, also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle, named after earth goddess Gaia, proposes that living organisms interact with their nonliving inorganic surroundings on Earth to self-regulate the Earth's environment, a complex system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life on the planet. The hypothesis was developed in the 1970's by James Lovelock with Lynn Margulis.


title: Alan Dawazhouma

text: Alan Dawazhouma (known as alan) or 阿兰 is a Tibetan-Chinese singer and erhu player from Sichuan province who debuted in 2005 with 声声醉如兰. As well as Tibetan and Mandarin, she speaks some English and Japanese. Her first release in Japanese was the single, 明日への讃歌.


title: Alan Dawazhouma

text: alan was born on 25 July 1987. Her stage name "alan" is pinyin for 阿兰, which is her surname. In Japan, she is also known as あらん. Her real name is Alan Dawa Dolma (阿兰达瓦卓玛 in Chinese, which is pronounced in pinyin as Alan Dawazhuoma).


title: Alan Dawazhouma

text: alan grew up in the Meiren valley in the Danba County of Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in China. Her father is a civil servant, while her mother was a former singer. She learned singing from a young age and started to learn how to play the erhu at the age of eight. At nine years old, alan was selected for the leading role in the TV drama Tai Yang Nu Shen and first pursued a career as an actress.


title: Alan Dawazhouma

text: After graduating from her musically oriented high school, she enrolled in a relatively well known music school in China, the China National Chinese Opera and Dance Drama Company (解放軍芸術学院), where two members of 12 Girls Band were also being taught. Later in 2005, alan debuted with a cover album titled Sheng Sheng Zui Ru Lan under a Chinese independent label. Currently, the album has sold over 50,000 copies.


title: Alan Dawazhouma

text: In October 2006 at the Shanghai International Art Festival, alan won second place (tied with Filipino singer Jimmy Layo Marquez) at the 9th Asia New Singer Competition. In July 2007 she graduated the China National Chinese Opera and Dance Drama Company with excellent grades.


title: Alan Dawazhouma

text: alan was discovered when the Japan-based record label Avex Inc. held auditions in Beijing. Her first single was in November the same year. It was called "Ashita e no Sanka", which can be translated as "a song for tomorrow." She is currently still studying Japanese and only has a basic grasp of the language.


title: Hazel

text: Hazel is a genus of trees and shrubs, in the birch family. There are 50 to 80 species, in four genera. They are native to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.


title: Mangrio

text: Mangrio (Sindhi مݣڕیو, ) is A Sindhi Muslim Rajput tribe found in the Sindh, Punjab region of Pakistan and Rajasthan, Gujrat in India. Mangrio are Suryavanshi Rajputs. They are the Royal family of Jaisalmer, India.


title: Mangrio

text: In Sindh they are found mainly in Shikarpur, Hyderabad, Tharparkar, Sanghar, Umerkot, Mirpur Khas, Sukkur, Larkana, Raipur, Kandiaro , Karachi , Madeji and Khairpur districts. In Punjab they are mainly found in Rahimyar, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Muzaffar Garh.


title: Mangrio

text: Mangrio people also live in Balochistan. In India they are found mainly in the Jaisalmer, Barmer, and Bikaner districts.


title: Mangrio

text: Hazrat Abdul Raheem Girhori, a Mangrio man, was a great scholar and Walee of his time. His tomb is located near the area of Mirpur Khas.


title: Eugene O'Neill

text: Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. He won four Pulitzer Prizes throughout the 1920s and one even after his death in 1957.


title: Eugene O'Neill

text: O'Neill was born on October 16, 1888 in a hotel room in New York City, New York. He studied at Princeton University and at Harvard University. O'Neill's parents were immigrants from Ireland.


title: Eugene O'Neill

text: O'Neill's best-known stage works include, "Anna Christie" (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize, 1922), "Desire Under the Elms" (1924), "Strange Interlude" (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize, 1928), "Mourning Becomes Electra" (1931), and his only well-known comedy, "Ah, Wilderness!" (1933).


title: Eugene O'Neill

text: O'Neill won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. He won four Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his works on stage.


title: Eugene O'Neill

text: O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from 1909 until they divorced in 1911. They had one son. Then, he was married to Agnes Boulton from 1918 until they divorced in 1929. They had one son and one daughter. A granddaughter from this marriage is the actress Geraldine Chaplin.


title: Eugene O'Neill

text: After this divorce, he was married to Carlotta Monterey from 1929 until his death in 1953. O'Neill was an Agnostic.


title: Eugene O'Neill

text: O'Neill died on November 27, 1953 at a hotel room in Boston, Massachusetts from cerebellar cortical atrophy, a neurological disease. He was 65 years old. As he was dying, he whispered his last words: "I knew it. I knew it. Born in a hotel room and died in a hotel room."


title: Theodosius I

text: Theodosius I (11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. He was a general in the Roman army and the son of another general, Theodosius the Elder. When the emperor Valens died in battle fighting the Goths, Valens' nephew, the emperor Gratian, made Theodosius emperor. Theodosius married Gratian's sister. While emperor, Theodosius overcame three civil wars in the empire. Gratian and his brother the emperor Valentinian II both died young, and Theodosius made his own sons Arcadius and Honorius emperors. Theodosius made Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire and made other religions illegal.


title: Theodosius I

text: Where Theodosius () was born is unknown. According to Hydatius and Zosimus, Theodosius was born in what is now Coca, Spain. However, Marcellinus Comes writes that he was from Italica, Hispania (now in Spain). His father was a military officer.


title: Theodosius I

text: Theodosius died in Milan on January 17, 395. When he died he was made into a god. Parts of the Christian Church name Theodosius a saint.


title: Theodosius I

text: Theodosius made the Nicene Creed the official belief system of the Roman Empire. Prior to that, many different creeds were believed. The Nicene Creed states that that Jesus, the Son, is equal to God the Father. Other people, such as Arius, said that Jesus was inferior to the Father. Theodosius affirmed the faith that the Council of Nicea agreed on.


title: William Thomson

text: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a Scots-Irish mathematical physicist and engineer. He was born in Belfast in 1824. At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formed the first and second laws of thermodynamics.


title: William Thomson

text: Kelvin did much to unify physics in its modern form. He also had a career as an electric telegraph engineer and inventor, which propelled him into the public eye and gave him wealth, fame and honour.


title: William Thomson

text: For his work on the transatlantic telegraph project he was knighted in 1866 by Queen Victoria, becoming Sir William Thomson. He was noted for his work on the mariner's compass. This had been rather unreliable owing to the iron in ships' hulls.


title: William Thomson

text: Absolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour. The existence of a lower limit to temperature (absolute zero) was known before his work, but Lord Kelvin found its correct value as approximately −273.15 degree Celsius or −459.67 degree Fahrenheit.


title: William Thomson

text: He was made Lord Kelvin in 1892 in recognition of his achievements in thermodynamics, and of his opposition to Irish Home Rule. He became Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr.


title: William Thomson

text: He was the first British scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords. His title refers to the River Kelvin, which flows close by his laboratory at the University of Glasgow. Despite offers from several world-renowned universities, Lord Kelvin refused to leave Glasgow, remaining Professor of Natural Philosophy for over 50 years, until his eventual retirement. The Hunterian Museum at the University of Glasgow has a permanent exhibition on the work of Lord Kelvin.


title: William Thomson

text: Always active in industrial research and development, he was recruited around 1899 by George Eastman to serve as vice-chairman of the board of the British company Kodak Limited, affiliated with Eastman Kodak.


title: Windows Phone

text: Windows Phone (formerly Windows Mobile) is a discontinued operating system from Microsoft for mobile phones. It's still less popular than Android and iOS.


Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 is a 2010 British-American fantasy movie. It is based on the book by J. K. Rowling. The movie was directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint and Emma Watson.


title: Windows Phone

text: the last version of Windows Phone, which is Windows Phone 10 is unsupported since December 10, 2019, while Windows Phone 10 version 1709 is unsupported since January 14, 2020.


title: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

text: Andrés Manuel López Obrador (; born 13 November 1953), also known as AMLO, is a Mexican left-wing politician. He is the 58th and current President of Mexico since 1 December 2018. He was the Head of Government of the Federal District from 2000 to 2005, before resigning in July 2005 to become a candidate in the 2006 presidential election. He lost the election.


title: Shaivism

text: Shaivism is a form of Hinduism, which sees Shiva as the most important deity. In practice, there are different branches of Shaivism. Shaivism is common in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. It can also be found in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.


title: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

text: López Obrador was a candidate in the 2012 presidential election as part of a coalition of the PRD, Labor Party and Citizens' Movement. He finished second with 31.59% of the vote. He announced his resignation from the PRD on September 9, 2012.


title: Shaivism

text: Shaivism are routed from southern part of India, mainly from present day Tamil Nadu, The oldest shiva temples in the state are living proof for that..Major Kings ruled Southern India also considered Lord Siva as their God


title: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

text: He is the leader of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and is the party's candidate for the 2018 presidential race. He was seen as a frontrunner for the 2018 presidential elections. He was elected President in a landslide victory on July 1, 2018 winning almost 54% of the vote. He is the first president to win a majority of the vote since 1988.


title: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

text: During his presidency, he has been seen as a progressive and has fought against corruption in the country. However, many did not like how he handled the COVID-19 pandemic and deals with drug cartels.


title: Kunishige Kamamoto

text: Kamamoto was born in Kyoto on April 15, 1944. After graduating from Waseda University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yanmar Diesel in 1967. He played all games in league from first season. In 1968, he became a top scorer in the league. The club won their 1st title 1968 Emperor's Cup with his winning goal in final. The club also won 1970 Emperor's Cup. In 1971, the club won their 1st league champions and he also became a top scorer Second time. In 1974 and 1975, the club won the league for 2 years in a row and also won 1974 Emperor's Cup. In 1978, he became a playing manager. The club won the league champions in 1980. In 1982, he ruptured his Achilles tendon 2 times. In 1984, when he was 40 years old, he retired and resigned a manager. He became a top scorer 7 times and was selected Best Eleven 14 times. He was also selected "Japanese Footballer of the Year" awards 7 times.


title: Kunishige Kamamoto

text: On March 3, 1964, when Kamamoto was a Waseda University student, he debuted and scored a goal for the Japan national team against Singapore. In October, he was selected by Japan for 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He played all matches and scored 1 goal. In 1968, he also was selected Japan for 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. Japan won Bronze Medal and he became a top scorer. He played all matches and scored 7 goals. In 2018, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. In the 1970s, after many Olympic players left national team, he continued being selected national team. He also played at 1966, 1970 and 1974 Asian Games. In 1977, he retired from national team. He played 76 games and scored 75 goals for Japan until 1977.


title: Kunishige Kamamoto

text: In 1991, he signed with across town to the Yanmar Diesel rivals, Matsushita Electric (later "Gamba Osaka"). He resigned in 1994.


title: Kunishige Kamamoto

text: Kamamoto was selected as a member of the House of Councillors in July 1995, then served until July 2001. Kamamoto was also served the vice-president of the Japan Football Association from July 1998 to July 2008. In 2005, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.


title: Elizabeth, New Jersey

text: Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 124,969. It is New Jersey's fourth largest city. In 2008, Elizabeth was named one of "America's 50 Greenest Cities" by "Popular Science" magazine, the only city in New Jersey selected. The Elizabeth River runs into Newark Bay in Elizabeth.


title: Elizabeth, New Jersey

text: Elizabeth was founded in 1665 by English settlers and originally called "Elizabethtown". It was part of the Elizabethtown Tract. The town was named for Elizabeth, wife of governor George Carteret. The town served as the first capital of New Jersey. During the American Revolutionary War, there were over a hundred battles and skirmishes fought in and around Elizabeth.


title: Elizabeth, New Jersey

text: On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature. On March 19, 1857, the city became part of the newly created Union County. Portions of the city were taken to form Linden Township on March 4, 1861.


title: Elizabeth, New Jersey

text: The Singer Sewing Machine Company was the first major industry in Elizabeth. They had up to 2,000 workers. In 1895, one of the first car companies opened. This was the Electric Carriage and Wagon Company. They were soon joined by another electric car builder, Andrew L. Riker. The Electric Boat Company got its start building submarines for the United States Navy in Elizabeth. The first boat to launch was the USS "Holland" (SS-1) in 1897. Elizabeth grew in parallel to the larger city of Newark for many years. But Elizabeth has been more successful in retaining a middle class presence and was spared riots in the 1960s.


title: New Brunswick, New Jersey

text: New Brunswick is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey. It is the county seat of Middlesex County. It is home to the main campus of Rutgers University.


title: 52 Europa

text: 52 Europa is an asteroid. It has a diameter of 289 km, and was found on February 4, 1858 by H. Goldschmidt. It is named after Europa, one of Zeus's conquests in Greek mythology. Europa is the seventh biggest asteroid by volume and the sixth biggest by mass (after Ceres, Vesta, Pallas, Hygiea, and Interamnia) and contains somewhat less than 2% of the mass of the entire main belt.


title: 52 Europa

text: It is a very dark carbonaceous C-type, and the fourth-biggest of these. It orbits close to the Hygiea asteroid family, but is not a member. Spectroscopic studies have found evidence of olivines and pyroxenes on the surface.


title: 52 Europa

text: Lightcurve data for Europa has been very hard to interpret, so much so for a long time its period of rotation was in dispute (5 and a half, or 11 hours?) despite many observations. It has now been determined that Europa is a prograde rotator, but the exact direction in which its pole points remains unclear. The most detailed analysis indicates that it points either towards about ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (70°, 55°) or (40°, 255°) with a 10° uncertainty . This gives an axial tilt of about 14° or 54°, respectively.


title: 52 Europa

text: It has been found that the star CV Aquarii found in 1934, was actually an incorrect misidentification of 52 Europa.


title: WeChat

text: WeChat () is a Chinese mobile app with many uses, such as messaging, social media and mobile payment. It is made by Tencent. It has been the world's largest app since 2018, and has over 1 billion monthly active users. It has been called China's "app for everything" because of how many uses it has.


title: WeChat

text: User information from the app is shared with the Chinese Government as part of the country's mass surveillance network. WeChat censors some political topics in China. Data from accounts outside of China is watched and analyzed and used to make censorship algorithms in China.


title: Soweto

text: Soweto is a part of Johannesburg, South Africa. The name used to stand for Southwestern townships. The vast majority of its residents are black. Soweto is known by Soweto Uprising occurred in 1976.


title: EFL League One

text: English Football League One (commonly known as EFL League One) is the third division of football in England. It was introduced in 2004, replacing the old Second Division.


title: EFL League One

text: Sky Sports currently shows matches on their channel, and all highlights are available on the Sky Sports website. In the US, some important matches are shown on ESPN, along with EFL Championship and EFL League Two matches.


title: ZIP (file format)

text: The ZIP file format is a popular lossless data compression and archival format created by Phil Katz, founder of PKWARE. A ZIP file contains one or more files that have been compressed, to reduce their file size, or stored as-is. A number of compression algorithms are permitted in zip files but in 2008 only DEFLATE is widely used and supported.


title: ZIP (file format)

text: ZIP files generally use the file extensions ".zip" or ".ZIP" and the MIME media type codice_1. Some software uses the ZIP file format as a wrapper for a large number of small items in a specific structure. Generally when this is done a different file extension is used.


title: Linda Evangelista

text: Linda Evangelista (born May 10, 1965) is a Canadian model. She has been on over six hundred magazine covers.


title: Linda Evangelista

text: Evangelista was born in Ontario to Italian parents. At the age of 22, she married Elite executive Gerald Marie. They were married from 1987 to 1993. After separating from Marie, she began a 6-year relationship with actor Kyle MacLachlan, and then divorced Marie.


title: Linda Evangelista

text: In 1999, she became pregnant by French football player Fabien Barthez. At 6 months pregnant, she delivered a stillborn baby. The couple then broke up and Evangelista left modelling for several years to get better.


title: Linda Evangelista

text: On October 11, 2006, Evangelista gave birth to a boy, Augustin James. She would not say who the father was. While pregnant, she was on the August 2006 issue of "Vogue". In late June 2011, Evangelista filed court papers that showed billionaire Frenchman François-Henri Pinault was the father. At the time he was the husband of actress Salma Hayek. A heavily-publicized child support trial began on May 3, 2012. Several days into the trial, Evangelista and Pinault reached an out-of-court settlement.


title: Sponsor

text: To sponsor something is to support an event, activity, person, or organization. The support can be with money or giving something else useful, such as advertising, or time. A sponsor is the individual or group that gives the support, similar to a benefactor. A sponsor may also be a personal sponsor, a political sponsor or a state sponsor. There are many different kinds of sponsors.


title: Fighting game

text: A fighting game is a video game in which two or more players battle for the winning spot, usually by fighting to the death or K.O.. Most fighting games have a selection of characters with different abilities. Some popular fighting games are "Mortal Kombat", "Street Fighter", and "Soul Calibur".


title: Sponsor

text: A sponsor is one (usually a company) who gives cash, goods or services in return for promoting the sponsor's company. There is a distinct difference between sponsorship and philanthropy. A sponsor expects a return on investment (ROI), usually in the form of advertising. A philanthropist donates something as a charitable contribution. In sports, sponsors compete to advertise in the most popular sports. In India, sponsors all want to be associated with Cricket. It is much harder to find sponsors for other sports.


title: Sponsor

text: A sponsor or patron, usually a legislator, is someone who presents a bill or resolution for consideration. Others who join the sponsor are known as cosponsors or copatrons. In the United States Congress a sponsor is the first person listed among the lawmakers who introduce a bill to either the Senate or the House of Representatives. The process is very similar to sponsoring a bill in Parliament.


title: Sponsor

text: This is someone who agrees to help another person or persons, and be responsible for them. For example, an employer may sponsor a foreign national to become a permanent resident of the United States by guaranteeing that person a job. Sponsorship can also mean an individual who helps an organization. Many charitable organizations offer personal sponsorship of a boy or girl to help them. Many public radio and television stations ask for sponsors to provide funds for them to operate. At a Ceremonial ship launching the person breaking the champagne bottle over the ship's bow is called the sponsor of that ship. In many religions, godparents are the baptized child's sponsors.


title: Sponsor

text: Sponsorship is not always for the purposes of doing good. A state (or government) may sponsor terrorism for their own purposes. While not engaging in activities against another country (or countries) themselves, they may sponsor other groups to do it for them. The United States currently lists four countries who sponsor terrorism. They are: Cuba, Iran, Sudan, and Syria. State sponsors may also be called affiliates and/or supporters.


title: Molecular clock

text: The molecular clock is the figurative term for a technique which estimates when two taxa diverged in evolution. It is based on comparing the detailed structure of key molecules. The method may be done for species, or any high data used for such calculations is often nucleotide sequences in genome analysis, or amino acid sequences for proteins such as haemoglobin. It is sometimes called a "gene clock" or "evolutionary clock".


title: Molecular clock

text: The key assumption behind the technique is that, in the long run, changes in molecular structure happen at a steady rate.


title: Molecular clock

text: Researchers such as Ayala have challenged this assumption. According to Ayala, these factors combine to limit the application of molecular clock models:


title: Place value

text: In the decimal system (which is base 10) with digits (0-9) the first column left of the decimal place is the units column, the next column to the left is the tens, the next is the hundreds. The first column right of the decimal place is the tenths column, the next is hundredths, the next is thousandths.


title: Khunjerab Pass

text: Khunjerab Pass is in the north of Hunza/Nagar on China's boundary. It is at an altitude of above sea level. Karakoram Highway (Silk Route) crosses into China through this pass. All trade between China and Gilgit is carried through Khunjerab.


title: Latino-Faliscan languages

text: The Latino-Faliscan languages are a large branch of Italic languages. They were first spoken in what is now Italy. It is the only branch with languages still spoken. The only branch of Latino-Faliscan languages with languages still spoken is the Romance languages, which came from Latin. Latin was spread across Europe by the Roman Empire, and Latin then split into many branches over time. There were also at least three other Latino-Faliscan languages that are now extinct.


title: Natural rights and legal rights

text: Natural rights are rights that believe it is important for all humans and animals to have. These rights are often called "inalienable", meaning they can never be taken away.


title: Natural rights and legal rights

text: The idea first came up in ancient times but was discussed most famously by English philosopher John Locke in the 1600's. Locke said that the most important natural rights are "Life, Liberty, and Property". In the United States Declaration of Independence, the natural rights mentioned are "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness". The idea was also found in the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Locke, Jefferson, and others think that the purpose of government is to protect peoples' natural rights. A social contract is an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. There have been many times in history that natural rights have been breached by both governments and individual people.


title: Sweatshop

text: A sweatshop : is a place where people work, that is very crowded, where the work is very hard and the place is not safe to work in. Many sweatshops are in poor countries but sweatshops are also found in rich countries, where they often have people who are new to the country working in them, or people who are not legal residents. The amount of money people are paid in sweatshops is lower than the amount paid to workers in a richer country, but is often higher than the worker would earn in their old jobs on farms, or working in manual labour. Children may also work in sweatshops. People in sweatshops often make clothes and shoes. Awareness wristbands for charities have also been made by sweatshops.


title: Compiled language

text: A compiled programming language is a programming language which is compiled. When a program is compiled, the compiler will change it from a programming language that a person can read, to a set of instructions that a computer can follow. These instructions (written in machine code) are then stored as an executable in a file. This file can be run quickly by the computer.


title: Compiled language

text: The other kind of language is an interpreted language. A program, or even single lines, will be interpreted one line at a time by the computer. This is slower for a computer than following compiled instructions. But it can be faster to write and test programs that are interpreted.


title: Compiled language

text: Scripting languages are often interpreted. Some languages can be either compiled or interpreted. Java, Lisp, Python and AutoIT are examples.


title: Mary Ann Mobley

text: Mary Ann Mobley (February 17, 1939 – December 9, 2014) was an American television and movie actress. She appeared in the sitcoms "Designing Women" and "Diff'rent Strokes", and in other television programs. She was Miss America 1959. She was married to actor Gary Collins until his death in 2012.


title: Valya Balkanska

text: Valya Mladenova Balkanska (born January 8, 1942) is a Bulgarian folk music singer. She is most famous for performing the song "Izlel je Delyo hajdutin", which was sent to space on board the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes in 1977.


title: Valya Balkanska

text: Valya Balkanska was born in a hamlet consisting of seven houses near the village of Arda in the Rhodope Mountains. Since her childhood years she has been singing Rhodopean folk songs, which she learned from her mother and grandmother, as well as at work-bee parties. In 1960 she became the main soloist of the "Rhodopa" State Ensemble for Folk Songs and Dances. She was only 18 years old at that time. Up to this day Balkanska has performed more than 300 folk songs, having been accompanied by the bagpipe player Petar Yanev for the last 14 years.


title: Valya Balkanska

text: The most important moment in Balkanska's career came with the folk song "Izlel je Delyo hajdutin", which she recorded together with the bagpiper Dimitar Petkovski. In 1972 it became part of the Voyager Golden Record, a collection of songs, sounds and images from our planet, which also contains works of famous composers such as Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, and Stravinsky. NASA put copies of the record in the "Voyager 1" and "Voyager 2" space probes and launched them on August 20, 1977. According to Carl Sagan, one of the creators of the Voyager Golden Record, only advanced alien civilizations would be able to play it.


title: Valya Balkanska

text: In 2004 Balkanska released an album called "Glas ot vechnostta (Voice from the Eternity)", comprising some of her most popular songs such as "A bre yunache ludo i mlado, Goro le goro zelena", and "Maychinko stara maychinko".