WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIOWT/CTE/W/119
25 June 1999
(99-2642)
Committee on Trade and Environment Original:  English/
anglais/
inglés
COMMUNICATION FROM THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN
ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES)
Communication from the CITES Secretariat
The attached background note1 has been received from the Secretariat of the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).  It is being circulated to
Members of the CTE in preparation for the Committee Meeting on Trade and Environment to be held
on 29-30 June 1999.
Comité du commerce et de l'environnement
COMMUNICATION DE LA CONVENTION SUR LE COMMERCE
INTERNATIONAL DES ESPÈCES SAUVAGES DE FLORE
ET DE FAUNE MENACÉES D'EXTINCTION (CITES)
Communication du Secrétariat de la CITES
Le Secrétariat de la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces sauvages de flore
et de faune menacées d'extinction (CITES) a fait parvenir au Secrétariat la note d'information1
ci-après.  Cette note est distribuée aux membres du Comité du commerce et de l'environnement en vue
de la réunion du Comité qui aura lieu les 29 et 30 juin 1999.
Comité de Comercio y Medio Ambiente
COMUNICACIÓN DE LA CONVENCIÓN SOBRE EL COMERCIO
INTERNACIONAL DE ESPECIES AMENAZADAS DE FAUNA
Y FLORA SILVESTRES (CITES)
Comunicación de la Secretaría de la CITES
Se ha recibido de la Secretaría de la Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies
Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres (CITES) la nota documental1 adjunta, que se distribuye a los
miembros del CCMA en previsión de la reunión del Comité de Comercio y Medio Ambiente prevista
para los días 29 y 30 de junio de 1999.
                                                          
1 English only/En anglais seulement/En inglés solamente.WT/CTE/W/119
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BACKGROUND NOTE ON CITES AND WTO
I. THE AIM OF CITES
1. The aim of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora (CITES) is to ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten thesurvival of species. It therefore obliges Parties to ensure that the harvesting of species for international
trade is not detrimental to their survival, i.e. to ensu re that such trade is sustainable. For international
trade to be sustainable it is important that there be no illegal trade.  CITES Parties have agreed to co-
operate to combat such illegal trade.
II. THE TOOLS OF CITES
2. CITES achieves its aims by providing a framework for international co-operation in the
control of trade in live animals and plants and products of the species listed in its three Appendices.
3. These appendices concern some 4,000 animal species and over 30,000 plants species.
4. The basic tools for allowing the Convention’s trade conditions and criteria to be implemented
and enforced are CITES import, export and re-export documents (permits and certificates). They can
only be issued under strict scientific conditions (depending on the category of threat to a particular
species) and species in the Convention’s Appendix  I can in principal not be traded for primarily
commercial purposes.
5. No trade in any specimen of CITES-listed species should take place without CITES
documents or under an agreed exception from that requirement.
III. CITES MEMBERSHIP
6. CITES is a truly global convention with 145 Parties in 6 Regions (see annex 1).
7. ‘Key players’ that are not yet a party to CITE S include some of the former CIS Republics, the
Lao PDR and a number of SIDS in Oceania. CITES’ Article X requires non-Parties to issue
documentation that is comparable to CITES permits and certificates. A Resolution adopted by the
CITES Conference of the Parties further requires non-Parties to inform the CITES Secretariat of an
authority that was designated for that purpose. A list of non-Parties that have done so is attached asannex 2.
8. The reasons for non-Parties not to have joined the Convention (yet) vary from purely practical
(e.g. the absence of international wildlife trade) to  technical (lack of means to implement the scientific
requirements of the Convention) and political.
IV. CITES TRADE MEASURES
9. The basic trade measure that CITES needs for it to function, i.e. the prescribed exchange of
import, export and re-export documents between importing and exporting countries, was alreadymentioned as a CITES tool above. In addition, there are two types of economic instruments available
to CITES, each of which is intended to contribute to the sustainable use of internationally traded
wildlife:
• ‘Trade Facilitating Measures ’ that provide direct economic incentives to the Parties
to support the sustainable use of their wildlife resources.WT/CTE/W/119
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• ‘Specific Trade Measures ’ that are imposed by the Conference of the Parties (COP)
or by the Convention’s Standing Committee and designed to restrict trade in listedspecies to and from states that have been unwilling to implement the provisions of the
Convention.
Specific examples of each of these economic instruments include:A. T
RADE FACILITATING MEASURES OR POSITIVE TRADE MEASURES :
− Article IV (which regulates trade in Appe ndix II species through the ‘non-detriment
requirement’) is intended to ensure that use of wildlife resources is sustainable in the
long term, thus also providing long-term economic benefits.
− Resolution Conf. 10.1 authorizes the CITES Secretariat to give funding priority to
capacity building (especially for new Parties), legislation for CITES implementation
and additional support for studies of species traded at significant levels.
− Decision 10.2 provides for a one-off purchase of government ivory stocks, declared
by the African elephant range States, and directs that the proceeds received will beused to enhance conservation, monitoring, capacity building and local community-
based programs.
− Ranching Decisions: In certain instances, the COP has approved the transfer of
Appendix I populations to Appendix II for th e purpose of ranching (the taking of
eggs/young from the wild that are reared in captivity and then partly returned to the
wild and partly commercialized). Unde r the ranching protocol, specimens that
otherwise could not be traded are allowed to be utilized for commercial purposes,which benefits conservation at the same time.
− A number of populations that were previously in Appendix I were transferred to
Appendix II with a quota established by the COP.  This allowed the resumption of
commercial international trade in a number of species whilst ensuring that the levels
traded did not lead to overexploitation of these species.
B. S
PECIFIC TRADE MEASURES OR NEGATIVE TRADE MEASURES :
10. COP Decisions related to non-compliance:
− In the context of a Resolution concerning Parties whose national legislation is
considered inadequate to implement the Convention, the Standing Committee can
advise all Parties to refuse any import of CITES specimens from and export and re-export to a number of countries.
− An ad hoc decision of this kind was Resolution Conf. 5.2 (1985). It recommended
that Parties refuse to accept shipments of CITES specimens from Bolivia until that
country had demonstrated to the COP or to the Standing Committee, that it had
adopted all possible measures to adequately implement the Convention.  This
requirement was met in 1987, and the trade measure was subsequently lifted.
11. Standing Committee Decisions related to non-compliance:
− Recommendations have been made to suspend all international trade in CITES
specimens with specific countries.  To date CITES trade with Thailand (22.4.91 toWT/CTE/W/119
Page 4
2.4.92), Italy (started 30.6.92, suspended 19.2.93, withdrawn 18.4.95) and more
recently with Greece (1.9.98 to 12.3.99) has been suspended.
− Resolution Conf. 8.9 requires significant trade studies to be done for a range of
Appendix II species and as a consequence the Standing Committee has moved to
recommend suspension of trade in specific species from specific countries (e.g.  Ptyas
mucosus  from Indonesia).  Currently, the recommended suspensions of trade relate to
a total of 68 species from 13 countries. It is hoped that with the provision of an
increased level of scientific and technical assistance to the Parties concerned, trade
can resume at sustainable levels in the near future.
V. ACCESSION INCENTIVES
12. For countries with a keen interest in wildlife trade, the mere effects of actual or potential
CITES involvement on such trade forms an incentive in its own right.
13. It is certainly also true to say that to be a CITES party facilitates trade in CITES-covered
products. The provisions applicable to non-Parties (they have to issue comparable documentation)
further reduce the difference in necessary efforts between parties and non-parties.
14. The Convention’s fundamental principle that international co-operation is required (not only
for trade controls, but also for scientific and tec hnical information exchange and capacity building) to
help preserve the natural heritage for future generations is of course a less selfish incentive to
participate. For a producer country to combat illegal international trade without the help of consumer
countries is an impossible task. For consumer countries to influence the pressure of their demand on
foreign wildlife population is an equally impossi ble task without the help of producer countries.
Therefore, for countries that attach a high level of importance to nature conservation, CITES
membership is a must.
15. The funding of programs and projects related to CITES implementation is based on both
obligatory and voluntary contributions. Specifically for the last type of contribution, the NGO
community plays an important role.
VI. THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE AND CITES
16. The implementation of the Convention is a constant attempt to find the proper balance
between the precautionary principle and the sustainable use principle. Both principles are of equal
importance and equally difficult to apply because of the lack of scientific and technical knowledge in
many areas of wildlife conservation and management.
17. The Convention’s history has seen different levels of priority and clear preferences for one or
the other of the two principles and not always in a consistent way.
18. It is clear that in view of the lack of data on the effects of trade for a great many species, the
strict implementation of the precautionary principle would make a large proportion of wildlife trade
impossible. It should, however, be used wherever th ere is a risk of irreparable damage to wildlife
populations.
19. One area where the precautionary principle can and should be used as much as possible is in
the removal of species from the CITES Appendices.WT/CTE/W/119
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VII. TRIPS
20. CITES also regulates trade in captive-bred animals and artificially propagated plants. Many
animals species (particularly birds and reptiles) are bred in captivity in large numbers outside their
countries of natural distribution. Certain plant species (cacti, orchids) are grown by the millions
outside their countries of origin.
21. CITES is, however, not directly involved in ownership or property rights.
VIII.  DISPUTE  SETTLEMENT
22. In its 26 year history, CITES has not had to employ its dispute settlement mechanism to
arbitrate issues of dispute between its signatory Parties.WT/CTE/W/119
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ANNEX I
LIST OF PARTIES / LISTA DE LAS PARTES / LISTE DES PARTIES
(in alphabetical order/en orden alfabéti co/par ordre alphabétique)
(December/Diciembre/Décembre 1998)
O Order of entry into force/Orden por fecha de entrada en vigor/Ordre d'entrée en
vigueur
ISO Two-letter ISO country code/Dos letras del código ISO del país/
Code ISO à deux lettres du pays
R CITES Region/Región de la CITES/Région de la CITES
–  1 = Africa/Afrique
–  2 = Asia/Asie
–  3 = Central and South America and the Caribbean/América Central, del Sur y el
Caribe/Amérique centrale et du Sud et Caraïbes
–  4 = Europe/Europa
–  5 = North America/Améric a del Norte/Amérique du Nord
–  6 = Oceania/Oceanía/Océanie
Date/Fecha 1 –  (R) Ratification/Ratificación
–  (A) Accession/Adhesión/Adhésion
–  (Ap) Approval/Apr obación/Approbation
–  (Ac) Acceptance/Aceptación/Acceptation
–  (Ds) Declaration of succession/Declara ción de sucesión/Déclaration de succession
Date/Fecha 2 Date of entry into force/Fecha de entrada en vigor/Date d'entrée en vigueur
Table I
O State/Estado/Etat ISO R Date/Fecha 1 Date/Fecha 2
88 Afghanistan/Afganistán AF 2 30/10/85 (A) 28/01/86
81 Algeria/Argelia/Algérie DZ 1 23/11/83 (A) 21/02/84
141 Antigua and Barbuda/Antigua y Barbuda/
Antigua-et-BarbudaAG 3 08/07/97 (A) 06/10/97
64 Argentina/Argentine AR 3 08/01/81 (R) 08/04/81
28 Australia/Australie AU 6 29/07/76 (R) 27/10/76
74 Austria/Autriche AT 4 27/01/82 (A) 27/04/82
145 Azerbaijan/Azerbaiyán/Azerbaïdjan AZ  4 23/11/98 (A) 21/02/99
50 Bahamas BS 3 20/06/79 (A) 18/09/79
73 Bangladesh BD 2 20/11/81 (R) 18/02/82
119 Barbados/Barbade BB 3 09/12/92 (A) 09/03/93
130 Belarus/Belarús/Bélarus BY 4 10/08/95 (A) 08/11/95
80 Belgium/Bélgica/Belgique BE 4 03/10/83 (R) 01/01/84
69 Belize/Belice BZ 3 19/08/86 (Ds) 21/09/81
Table I (cont'd)WT/CTE/W/119
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O State/Estado/Etat ISO R Date/Fecha 1 Date/Fecha 2
84 Benin/Bénin BJ 1 28/02/84 (A) 28/05/84
51 Bolivia/Bolivie BO 3 06/07/79 (R) 04/10/79
40 Botswana BW 1 14/11/77 (A) 12/02/78
16 Brazil/Brasil/Brésil BR 3 06/08/75 (R) 04/11/75
106 Brunei Darussalam/Brunéi Darussalam BN 2 04/05/90 (A) 02/08/90
109 Bulgaria/Bulgarie BG 4 16/01/91 (A) 16/04/91
102 Burkina Faso BF 1 13/10/89 (A) 11/01/90
94 Burundi BI 1 08/08/88 (A) 06/11/88
140 Cambodia/Camboya/Cambodge KH 2 04/07/97 (R) 02/10/97
68 Cameroon/Camerún/Cameroun CM 1 05/06/81 (A) 03/09/81
10 Canada/Canadá CA 5 10/04/75 (R) 09/07/75
58 Central African Republic/República Centroafricana/
 République centrafricaineCF 1 27/08/80 (A) 25/11/80
96 Chad/Tchad TD 1 02/02/89 (A) 03/05/89
8 Chile/Chili CL 3 14/02/75 (R) 01/07/75
63 China/Chine CN 2 08/01/81 (A) 08/04/81
71 Colombia/Colombie CO 3 31/08/81 (R) 29/11/81
128 Comoros/Comoras/Comores KM 1 23/11/94 (A) 21/02/95
79 Congo CG 1 31/01/83 (A) 01/05/83
14 Costa Rica CR  3 30/06/75 (R) 28/09/75
127 Côte d'Ivoire CI 1 21/11/94 (A) 19/02/95
105 Cuba CU 3 20/04/90 (A) 19/07/90
6 Cyprus/Chipre/Chypre CY 4 18/10/74 (R) 01/07/75
117 Czech Republic/República Checa/République tchèque CZ 4 14/04/93 (Ds) 01/01/93
26 Democratic Republic of the Congo/
República Democrática del Congo/
République démocratique du CongoCD 1 20/07/76 (A) 18/10/76
34 Denmark/Dinamarca/Danemark DK 4 26/07/77 (R) 24/10/77
113 Djibouti DJ 1 07/02/92 (A) 07/05/92
129 Dominica/Dominique DM 3 04/08/95 (A) 02/11/95
92 Dominican Republic/República Dominicana/
République dominicaineDO 3 17/12/86 (A) 17/03/87
7  Ecuador/Equateur EC 3 11/02/75 (R) 01/07/75
41 Egypt/Egipto/Egypte EG 1 04/01/78 (A) 04/04/78
93 El Salvador SV 3 30/04/87 (A) 29/07/87
114 Equatorial Guinea/Guinea Ecuatorial/
Guinée équatorialeGQ 1 10/03/92 (A) 08/06/92
125 Eritrea/Erythrée ER 1 24/10/94 (A) 22/01/95
115 Estonia/Estonie EE 4 22/07/92 (A) 20/10/92
98 Ethiopia/Etiopía/Ethiopie ET 1 05/04/89 (A) 04/07/89
143 Fiji/Fidji FJ 6 30/09/97 (A) 29/12/97
24 Finland/Finlandia/Finlande FI 4 10/05/76 (A) 08/08/76
43 France/Francia FR 4 11/05/78 (Ap) 09/08/78
97 Gabon/Gabón GA 1 13/02/89 (A) 14/05/89
37 Gambia/Gambie GM 1 26/08/77 (A) 24/11/77
133 Georgia/Géorgie GE 4 13/09/96 (A) 12/12/96
22 Germany/Alemania/Allemagne DE 4 22/03/76 (R) 20/06/76
20 Ghana GH 1 14/11/75 (R) 12/02/76
118 Greece/Grecia/Grèce GR 4 08/10/92 (A) 06/01/93
53 Guatemala GT 3 07/11/79 (R) 05/02/80
Table I (cont'd)WT/CTE/W/119
Page 8
O State/Estado/Etat ISO R Date/Fecha 1 Date/Fecha 2
72 Guinea/Guinée GN 1 21/09/81 (A) 20/12/81
107 Guinea-Bissau/Guinée-Bissau GW 1 16/05/90 (A) 14/08/90
33 Guyana GY 3 27/05/77 (A) 25/08/77
86 Honduras HN  3 15/03/85 (A) 13/06/85
87 Hungary/Hungría/Hongrie HU 4 29/05/85 (A) 27/08/85
25 India/Inde IN 2 20/07/76 (R) 18/10/76
48 Indonesia/Indonésie ID 2 28/12/78 (A) 28/03/79
30 Iran (Islamic Republic of)/Irán (República Islámica del)/Iran
(République islamique d')IR 2 03/08/76 (R) 01/11/76
56 Israel/Israël IL 2 18/12/79 (R) 17/03/80
52 Italy/Italia/Italie IT 4 02/10/79 (R) 31/12/79
137 Jamaica/Jamaïque JM 3 24/03/97 (A) 22/06/97
57 Japan/Japón/Japon JP 2 06/08/80 (Ac) 04/11/80
47 Jordan/Jordania/Jordanie JO 2 14/12/78 (A) 14/03/79
46 Kenya KE 1 13/12/78 (R) 13/03/79
135 Latvia/Letonia/Lettonie LV 4 11/02/97 (A) 12/05/97
65 Liberia/Libéria LR 1 11/03/81 (A) 09/06/81
55 Liechtenstein LI 4 30/11/79 (A) 28/02/80
82 Luxembourg/Luxemburgo LU 4 13/12/83 (R) 12/03/84
17 Madagascar MG 1 20/08/75 (R) 18/11/75
75 Malawi MW 1 05/02/82 (A) 06/05/82
38 Malaysia/Malasia/Malaisie MY 2 20/10/77 (A) 18/01/78
123 Mali/Malí ML 1 18/07/94 (A) 16/10/94
99 Malta/Malte MT 4 17/04/89 (A) 16/07/89
144 Mauritania/Mauritanie MR 1 13/03/98 (A) 11/06/98
11 Mauritius/Mauricio/Maurice MU 1 28/04/75 (R) 27/07/75
110 Mexico/México/Mexique MX 5 02/07/91 (A) 30/09/91
42 Monaco/Mónaco MC 4 19/04/78 (A) 18/07/78
131 Mongolia/Mongolie MN 2 05/01/96 (A) 04/04/96
19 Morocco/Marruecos/Maroc MA 1 16/10/75 (R) 14/01/76
66 Mozambique MZ 1 25/03/81 (A) 23/06/81
139 Myanmar MM 2 13/06/97 (A) 11/09/97
108 Namibia/Namibie NA 1 18/12/90 (A) 18/03/91
12 Nepal/Népal NP 2 18/06/75 (A) 16/09/75
85 Netherlands/Países Bajos/Pays-Bas NL 4 09/04/84 (R) 18/07/84
100 New Zealand/Nueva Zelandia/Nouvelle-Zélande NZ 6 10/05/89 (A) 08/08/89
36 Nicaragua NI 3 06/08/77 (A) 04/11/77
18 Niger/Níger NE 1 08/09/75 (R) 07/12/75
2 Nigeria/Nigéria NG 1 09/05/74 (R) 01/07/75
27 Norway/Noruega/Norvège NO 4 27/07/76 (R) 25/10/76
23 Pakistan/Pakistán PK 2 20/04/76 (A) 19/07/76
44 Panama/Panamá PA 3 17/08/78 (R) 15/11/78
21 Papua New Guinea/Papua Nueva Guinea/
Papouasie-Nouvelle-GuinéePG 6 12/12/75 (A) 11/03/76
31 Paraguay PY 3 15/11/76 (R) 13/02/77
13 Peru/Perú/Pérou PE 3 27/06/75 (R) 25/09/75
70 Philippines/Filipinas PH 2 18/08/81 (R) 16/11/81
103 Poland/Polonia/Pologne PL 4 12/12/89 (R) 12/03/90
62 Portugal PT 4 11/12/80 (R) 11/03/81
Table I (cont'd)WT/CTE/W/119
Page 9
O State/Estado/Etat ISO R Date/Fecha 1 Date/Fecha 2
120 Republic of Korea/República de Corea/
République de CoréeKR 2 09/07/93 (A) 07/10/93
124 Romania/Rumania/Roumanie RO 4 18/08/94 (A) 16/11/94
112 Russian Federation/Federación de Rusia/
Fédération de RussieRU 4 13/01/92 (Ds) 01/01/92
59 Rwanda RW 1 20/10/80 (A) 18/01/81
122 Saint Kitts and Nevis/San Kitts y Nieves/
Saint-Kitts-et-NevisKN 3 14/02/94 (A) 15/05/94
77 Saint Lucia/Santa Lucía/Sainte-Lucie LC 3 15/12/82 (A) 15/03/83
95 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines/San Vicente y las Granadinas/Saint-
Vincent-et-les GrenadinesVC 3 30/11/88 (A) 28/02/89
132 Saudi Arabia/Arabia Saudita/Arabie saoudite SA 2 12/03/96 (A) 10/06/96
35 Senegal/Sénégal SN 1 05/08/77 (A) 03/11/77
32 Seychelles SC 1 08/02/77 (A) 09/05/77
126 Sierra Leone/Sierra Leona SL 1 28/10/94 (A) 26/01/95
91 Singapore/Singapur/Singapour SG 2 30/11/86 (A) 28/02/87
116 Slovakia/Eslovaquia/Slovaquie SK 4 02/03/93 (Ds) 01/01/93
89 Somalia/Somalie SO 1 02/12/85 (A) 02/03/86
15 South Africa/Sudáfrica/Afrique du Sud ZA 1 15/07/75 (R) 13/10/75
90 Spain/España/Espagne ES 4 30/05/86 (A) 28/08/86
49 Sri Lanka LK 2 04/05/79 (A) 02/08/79
76 Sudan/Sudán/Soudan SD 1 26/10/82 (R) 24/01/83
60 Suriname SR 3 17/11/80 (A) 15/02/81
136 Swaziland/Swazilandia SZ 1 26/02/97 (A) 27/05/97
5 Sweden/Suecia/Suède SE 4 20/08/74 (R) 01/07/75
3 Switzerland/Suiza/Suisse CH 4 09/07/74 (R) 01/07/75
78 Thailand/Tailandia/Thaïlande TH 2 21/01/83 (R) 21/04/83
45 Togo TG 1 23/10/78 (R) 21/01/79
83 Trinidad and Tobago/Trinidad y Tabago/
Trinité-et-TobagoTT 3 19/01/84 (A) 18/04/84
4 Tunisia/Túnez/Tunisie TN 1 10/07/74 (R) 01/07/75
134 Turkey/Turquía/Turquie TR 4 23/09/96 (A) 22/12/96
111 Uganda/Ouganda UG 1 18/07/91 (A) 16/10/91
104 United Arab Emirates/Emiratos Arabes Unidos/
Emirats arabes unisAE 2 08/02/90 (A) 09/05/90
29 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland/
Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte/
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du NordGB 4 02/08/76 (R) 31/10/76
54 United Republic of Tanzania/República Unida de Tanzanía/République-
Unie de TanzanieTZ 1 29/11/79 (R) 27/02/80
1 United States of America/Estados Unidos de América/
Etats-Unis d'AmériqueUS 5 14/01/74 (R) 01/07/75
9 Uruguay UY 3 02/04/75 (R) 01/07/75
142 Uzbekistan/Uzbekistán/Ouzbékistan UZ 2 10/07/97 (A) 08/10/97
101 Vanuatu VU 6 17/07/89 (A) 15/10/89
39 Venezuela VE 3 24/10/77 (R) 22/01/78
121 Viet Nam VN 2 20/01/94 (A) 20/04/94
138 Yemen/Yémen YE 2 05/05/97 (A) 03/08/97
61 Zambia/Zambie ZM 1 24/11/80 (A) 22/02/81
67 Zimbabwe ZW 1 19/05/81 (A) 17/08/81WT/CTE/W/119
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ANNEX II
LIST OF NON-PARTY STATES THAT  HAVE INFORMED THE CITES SECRETARIAT
OF THEIR DESIGNATED COMPETENT AUTHORITY
Albania/Albanie
Angola
Bahrain/Bahrein/Bahreïn
Croatia/Croacia/Croatie
Democratic People's Republic of Korea/
República Popular Democrática de Corea/
République populaire démocratique de Corée
Haiti/Haití/Haïti
Iceland/Islandia/Islande
Ireland/Irlanda/Irlande
Kiribati
Lebanon/Líbano/Liban
Lithuania/Lituania/Lituanie
Marshall Islands/Islas Marshall/Îles Marshall
Micronesia (Federated States of)/Micronesia
(Estados Federados de)/
Micronésie (Etats fédérés de)
Netherlands Antilles/Antillas Neer landesas/Antilles néerlandaises
Niue/Nioué
Oman/Omán
Palau/Palaos
Slovenia/Eslovenia/Slovénie
Solomon Islands/Islas Salomón/Iles Salomon
Tonga
Turks and Caicos Islands/Islas Turks y Caicos/Iles Turks et Caïques
Tuvalu
Yugoslavia/Yougoslavie
__________