RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONS/C/W/140/Add.2
23 June 2000
(00-2567)
Council for Trade in Services Original:  English
COMMUNICATION FROM JAPAN
Review of Article II Exemptions
Questionnaire on the List of MFN Exemptions
(from Financial Services to Transport Services)
Addendum
The attached paper has been received from the delegation of Japan with the request that it be
circulated to Members of the Council for Trade in Services.
_______________
With regard to the Special Session to be held on 5 and 6 July 2000, we have prepared the
following questions for consideration by the Members.  In order to proceed in an efficient manner at
the above Session, we should be grateful if we could receive, where possible, written replies from all
concerned in advance of the meeting.
A. FINANCIAL SERVICES
Austria, Licensing, page 75, with the list of countries
311. Please specify the meaning of  "economic interest test" in a concrete manner.
312. It is stated in column 3 that the "List of countries is subject to further consideration". Please
specify the countries to which the measure applies.
313. Have there been any cases to date where Austria has not actually provided a licence, due to
reciprocity, to foreign financial service suppliers for establishing a branch or subsidy?   If so, please
explain.
Brunei Darussalam, Financial services, page 76, with all countries
314. Japan would like to know what the terms "differentiated treatment" and "favourable treatment
" refer to.  Please provide concrete examples.
315. It is stated in column 2 that "the granting of approval to establish off-shore banks may be
accorded to service suppliers of another Member at  the discretion of the relevant authority". Please
provide objective criteria for granting approval to establish off-shore banks.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 2
Canada, Insurance, page 77, with all the states in the United States
316. Please provide a list of the "preferential measures", such as the licensing requirements or
conditions, on transactions.
317. To what extent has Canada concluded with each US state a bilateral agreement or treatment
that allows for a mutual provision of preferential measures?
Canada, Financial services, page 78, with Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Republic of 
Ireland
318. Has Canada concluded any kind of treatment or agreement with any other countries in order
to maintain an  "existing historical preference"?  What exactly is an "existing historical preference"?
319. What criteria does Canada use to choose its partners with which it maintains an "existing
historical preference"?
Colombia, Insurance and banking services, page 78, with all countries
320. Have there been any cases to date where Colombia has actually refuse, due to reciprocity,
access to Columbia by foreign services suppliers?  If so, please explain.
Côte d'Ivoire, Insurance services, page 78 para  3, with Member States of the franc zone
321. We would like to know what preferential measures have been taken in accordance with the
Agreement establishing the Inter-African Conference on Insurance Markets(CIMA).
El Salvador, Financial services, page 80, with El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua
322. Please explain how and to what extent the harmonization of the macro-economic policy
among signatory countries has been promoted up to now.
323. Is there any plan to notify the Central American Isthmus as being an Economic Integration as
provided for in Article V of the GATS?
EC, Direct non-life services, page 80, with Switzerland
324. It is noted in column 5 that "an agreement between the EC and Switzerland" is "consistent
with the provision of para 3 of the Annex of Financial Services". Which Swiss prudential measures
does the EC recognize?  If the EC considers that this  bilateral agreement is consistent with the Annex
on Financial Services, is there any special reason to register it as an MFN exemption?
325. Please clarify why does EC conclude a bilate ral treatment exclusively with Switzerland.
EC, Financial services, page 81, with States in Europe and all Members of the
Commonwealth
326. Please indicate the names of the countries referred as "states in Central, Eastern and South-
Eastern Europe"?
327. Please explain with which tax and to what percentage Italy grants favourable treatment to
service suppliers trading with the countries to which the measure applies.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 3
328. It is noted in column 5 that "aid to the countries concerned in their transition to a market
economy is needed".  To what extent has such a "transition to a market economy" been achieved this
measure?
329. We would like to know how the EC plans to abolish or phase out the measures over a 10-
years period.  Please indicate in concrete terms all the procedures.
Honduras, Financial services, page 81, 2nd point
330. Please indicate the objectives of the "Central American Integration" in a concrete manner.
We also would like to know to what extent such integration has been achieved so far?
331. It is indicated in column 5, "to reflect Honduras legislation". Please provide the background
policy behind the legislation.
Honduras, Financial services, page 81 para 3, with All countries
332. On what grounds does Honduras think it possible to make a reservation on the scheduled
commitment through an MFN exemption?
333. Have there been any cases to date where Honduras has actually refused "the opening of
branches or agencies of foreign banks" due to reciprocity?  If so, please explain.
Hungary, Financial services, page 81, with All countries
334. Have there been any cases to date where Hungary has actually not accorded, due to
reciprocity, "commitments undertaken under mode (3)" to foreign service suppliers?  If so, please
explain.
Indonesia, Banking services, page 82, with All countries
335. Have there been any cases to date where Indonesia has actually not accorded, due to
reciprocity, "licences for joint-venture banks" to foreign service suppliers?  If so, please explain.
Israel, Financial services, page 82, with All countries
336. Have there been any cases to date where Israel has actually not accorded, due to reciprocity,
"a license for the establishment of a foreign service supplier" to foreign service suppliers?  If so,
please explain.
Mauritius, Financial services, page 83, with All countries
337. Have there been any cases to date where Mauritius has actually restricted, due to reciprocity,
"commercial presence and cross-border supply to suppliers of other countries" to date?   If so, please
explain.
Nicaragua, Financial services, page 83, with Gu atemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica
and Nicaragua
338. We would like to know the type of capital transfer which is exclusively free  among these
four countries.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 4
339. Please provide an explanation about the objectives goals of the "[m]onetary and financial
integration of Central American integration".  And we would like to know to what extent such
integration has been achieved so far.
Pakistan, Banking and other financial services, page 83, 4th point
340. Have there been any cases to date where Pakistan has actually not granted, due to reciprocity,
"licenses" to the foreign service suppliers?  If so, please explain.
341. Please describe what is meant by "favourable treatment". What does the term "Islamic
financing transactions" mean?
342. It is not clear whether the listed measure accords differential treatment by country. Please
provide an explanation why this measure is inconsistent with Article II.
Pakistan, Banking and other financial services, page 84
343. Please describe in concrete terms what the "treasury function" and the "commodity operation
programmes" mean.
Peru, Financial services, page 84, with All countries
344. Have there been any cases to date where Peru has actually not applied, due to reciprocity, "the
most-favoured-nation clause" to any other countries?
Philippines, Commercial banking, page 85, with All countries
345. Have there been any cases to date where the Philippines has not provided authorization, due
to reciprocity, " to establish commercial presence or expand existing operations in commercial
banking in the Philippines " to date?
346. Please specify the meaning of the term, "reciprocity test", in a concrete manner.
347. Please provide an explanation as to whether the 'reciprocity test' is conducted in a transparent
manner.
Senegal, Banking services, pages 85-86
348. Please specify the meaning of  "preferential treatment", with concrete examples.
349. What are objective criteria to decide whether or not "[t]he West African financial market
attains a competitive position at world level"?  To what extent has such a purpose been achieved sofar?
Singapore, Reinsurance and retrocession, page 86
350. It is noted in column 2 that "ASEAN Reinsurance Corporation is a private-sector venture".
Can we understand that no public capital participates in the ASEAN Reinsurance Corporation?
351. It is stated in column 2 that the "ASEAN Reinsurance Corporation is a company having an
equal number of shareholders from the six ASEAN countries".  What shareholding limitations do
exist?  Is it possible for countries other than ASEAN countries to participate in the company?S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 5
352. We would like to have an outline of ASEAN Re's business. Please explain. Does this also
apply to the system of compulsory reinsurance?
Slovak Republic, Financial services, page 87, with All countries concerned
353. Have there been any cases to date where the Slovak Republic has not provided authorization,
due to reciprocity, to establish commercial presence or expand existing operations in commercialbanking in the Philippines " to date?  If so, please explain.
South Africa, Financial services, page 87, with Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland
354. It is stated in column 5 that "the Common Monetary Area Agreement is aimed at the
sustained economic development of the area". To what extent has economic development been
achieved so far?
Swaziland, Financial services, page 87, with South Africa, Namibia and Lesotho
355. It is stated in column 5 that "the Common Monetary Area Agreement is aimed at the
sustained economic development of the area". To what extent has economic development been
achieved so far?
Turkey, Banking services-Banking, page 89, with All countries
356. Have there been any cases to date where Turkey has actually required, due to reciprocity, a
"foreign banks' compliance with the same conditions and the annulment of the permission of thosefailing to comply with such conditions"?  If so, please explain?
US, Banking and other financial services, page90, 1st point
357. Please specify the meaning of  "preferential treatment" with concrete examples.
US, Banking and other financial services, page90, with Canada
358. We would like to know the objective criteria for obtaining a "principal place of business in
Canada".
359. To how many broker-dealers has this measure applied so far?
360. Please provide the reasons for maintaining a "established preference".
US, Banking and other financial services, pages 90-91, with All countries
361. Have there been any cases to date where a state has actually not permitted, due to reciprocity,
licences concerning banking services to a foreign service supplier.  If so, please explain.
362. Please provide a list of the countries which are subject to the reciprocity requirement with
each state mentioned in column 2.
363. Have there been any cases where the US financial service suppliers have been provided
preferential treatment due to this measure?
364. Please specify the meaning of the term "reciprocity test" in concrete manner and whether such
"reciprocity test" is conducted with transparent manner.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 6
365. Please provide the reason as to why only the states mentioned in column 2 apply this measure.
US, Banking and other financial services, page 91, with Canada and European Common
Market
366. Please provide the reason for maintaining an "established preference".
367. What criteria has Michigan used for choosing Canada and the European Common Market as
the Members with whom it maintain an "established preference"?
368. Please provide a reason why only the Michigan state applies this measure.
US, Banking and other financial services, page 91 3rd point
369. Which countries are subject to the reciprocity requirement?
370. Please specify the meaning of the term "reciprocity test", in concrete manner, and whether
such 'reciprocity test' is conducted in a transparent manner.
US, Banking and other financial services, page 91 4th point
371. Which countries are subject to reciprocity requirement?
372. Have there been any cases where the US financial service suppliers are afforded national
treatment through this measure?
Venezuela, Banking and Insurance, page 92, with All countries
373. Have there been any cases to date where Venezuela has actually not authorized, due to
reciprocity, access to domestic market by foreign service suppliers?  If so, please explain.
B. HEALTH -RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES
Cyprus, page 92
374. Please clarify the meaning of "medical co-operation".
375.  We would like to know the reason why Cyprus does not allow any country to provide certain
medical treatment to Cypriot citizens, except a country which has, or will have, a bilateral agreement
with Cyprus based on geographical proximity or other special links.
C. TOURISM AND TRAVEL -RELATED SERVICES
Mexico, page 92
376. It is stated in column 2 that, "a preferential deduction for expenses incurred in the territory of
the parties". Please explain the term, "a preferential deduction", in more depth with concrete
examples.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 7
D. RECREATIONAL , CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES
European Communities, page 93, columns 1 and 2
377. France maintains this measure on the basis of reciprocity. Has such a measure really
contributed to granting similar treatment to French nationals in those countries?  Please provide some
objective information to support the effectiveness of reciprocity.
India, page 93
378. Is there any plan to notify the "'comprehensive' bilateral agreement between India and
Bhutan" as being an Economic Integration, as provided for in Article V of the GATS?
379.  We would like to know the reason why India registers only the 'sale of lottery tickets' among
all the items included in the comprehensive bilateral agreement.
Peru, page 93
380. Please provide the reason why Peru registers this measure, while the other Latin American
countries indicated in column 3 do not.
E. TRANSPORT  SERVICES
1. MARITIME  TRANSPORT  SERVICES
Bolivia, Maritime and multi-modal freight transportation, page 95
381. Does Bolivia, as an inland country, have any services, other than “internal waterways
transport”, which fall under the “maritime transport services"?  Please explain the reason why Bolivia
makes an MFN exemption in the maritime transport services.
382. Is this preferential treatment based on the agreements made between Andean Group
countries?  If so, please provide a list of any existing agreements with the names of the concluding
countries.
383. Please explain precisely what kind of measures are taken by Bolivia as preferential treatments
and which areas around Bolivia are called "coastal waters" (column 2) where operators can benefit
from the preferential treatment.
384. Please provide statistical evidence showing that preferential treatment has actually developed
the maritime transport industry in the Andean region.
Brazil, Maritime transport, Ocean shipping (cargo), page 95
385. We understand that Brazil has not made any specific commitments in maritime transport
services.  Please then explain why Brazil must register the measures, noted in column 2, as MFN
exemptions, even if this does not have any legal value.
386. Please provide the names of the countries with which Brazil has concluded bilateral
agreements related to this measure.
387. Please describe in detail what exactly are “cargo sharing” and “cargo reservation”, as
regulated in the bilateral agreements.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 8
388. Have these bilateral agreements ever been amended over the past few years?
Bulgaria, Maritime Transport, page 96
389. We understand that Bulgaria has not made any specific commitments in maritime transport
services.  Please then explain why Bulgaria must register the measures, noted in column 2, as MFN
exemptions, even if this does not have any legal value.
(This question can be commonly applied to all the MFN exemptions of the maritime transport
services sector for Bulgaria .)
390. Can we understand that the flags of the national lines, which are granted preferential
treatment, belong to those countries being a party to a "UN Convention on a Code of Conduct for
Liner Conferences"?
391. Of all cargo transported to/from Bulgaria by ship, what is the proportion of cargo reserved
under the Liner Code Convention.  Please explai n how Bulgaria evaluates the impact of the
Convention with providing concrete data.
Bulgaria, Maritime Transport: Cargo Sharing between Bilateral Partners, page 96
392. Please explain how “equality in freight liftings” can be measured.  Does any indicator exist,
such as the total price value or the volume?
393. Please indicate the names of the countries to date, other than India, with which Bulgaria has
concluded a cargo sharing agreement.  What kind of conditions would inspire Bulgaria to conclude a
new agreement with other countries?  Are there any specific countries with which Bulgaria is
planning to conclude an agreement at this stage?
Cameroon, Maritime transport: Coastal shipping (cabotage) trade, page 96
394. We understand that Cameroon does not make any specific commitments in maritime transport
services.  Please explain why Cameroon must register the measures noted in column 2 as MFN
exemptions, even if this does not have any legal value.
395. Please indicate the names of the 25 countries to which the treatment applies.
396. With reference to the intended duration, expressed in column 4 as follows, “near future, while
the objective pursued takes root”, please explain to what extent the objective defined has beenachieved over the past five years.
Cameroon, Maritime transport, page 96
397. Of all cargo transported to/from Cameroon by ship, what is the proportion of cargo reserved
under the Liner Code Convention.  Please explai n how Cameroon evaluates the impact of the
Convention with providing concrete data.
398. Please explain how this measure can be considered to "ensure competitiveness of export
products and to reduce cost of imported products in domestic trade", as noted in column 5.
399. It is noted in column 2 that "[t]he exemption applies until auxiliary maritime services and port
services are developed".  Please specify the level of development which satisfies the condition ofS/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 9
withdrawal.  It seems that this sentence would be  better if moved to the column headed "intended
duration".  Please comment.
Cameroon, Maritime transport: bulk and specialized cargoes, page 97
400. Please indicate the names of the countries with which Cameroon has concluded an agreement
related to this measure.
401. Please explain in concrete terms what kinds of cargo are covered by “specialized cargoes"?
402. It is noted in column 5 that "[m]easures to be strengthened if trade partners continue to block
access to cargoes and practise dumping". Can we understand that the term “trade partners” , refers
only to the shipping companies of those countries with which Cameroon has concluded a bilateral
and/or multilateral agreement relating to this measure?  Please give details of the “measures to be
strengthened".
Cameroon, Maritime transport, page 97
403. Please provide concrete examples of the measures taken for promoting infant industry.
Chile, International maritime freight transportation, page 97
404. We understand that Chile does not make any specific commitments in the maritime transport
services.  Please provide the reason why Chile must register the measures noted in column 2 as MFN
exemptions, even if this does not have any legal value.
405. Please indicate the names of all the countries to which this reciprocal measure applies.
Chile, International maritime freight transportation, 4th point, page 97
406. We understand that bilateral trade with Brazil would be promoted further through having
competitive markets by allowing the entry of third countries vessels.  Therefore, please explain in
concrete terms why Chile regards the measure, exempted from MFN, contributes to the promotion ofreciprocal trade.
407. Please explain to what extent this measure contributes to the promotion of reciprocal trade
with providing statistic data.
Chile, Maritime transport, page 98
408. Please provide the names of the countries to which the tax exemption measures in column 2
are applied on a reciprocal basis.
409. Please explain precisely why these tax exemption measures are necessary for ensuring market
access.
Chile, Maritime transport, Coastal waters (cabotage), page 98
410. We would like to know which countries are referred to as a “specific foreign supplier".S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 10
Congo, Maritime transport: coastal shipping (cabotage) trade, page 98
411. We understand that Congo does not make any specific commitments in the maritime transport
services.   Please provide the reason why Congo must register the measures noted in column 2 as
MFN exemptions, even if this does not have any legal value.
412. Please indicate the names of the countries with which Congo has concluded an agreement
referring to this measure, as well as the name of any such agreements.
413. Please indicate the names of the 25 countries to which this measure applies.
414. Please explain the prospect of achieving the objective described in the column of "intended
duration".
Congo, Maritime transport, page 99
415. Of all cargo transported to/from Congo by ship, what is the proportion of cargo reserved
under the Liner Code Convention.  Please explain how  Congo evaluates the impact of the Convention
with providing concrete data.
Congo, Maritime transport: bulk and specialized cargoes, page 99
416. Please indicate the names of the countries with which Congo has concluded an agreements
related to this measure.
417. Please explain what kinds of cargo are covered by the term, “specialized cargoes"?
418. It is noted in column 5 that "[m]easures to be strengthened if trade partners continue to block
access to cargoes and practise dumping".  Can we understand that the term, “trade partners" , refer
only to the shipping companies of the countries with which Congo has concluded a bilateral and/or
multilateral agreement relating to this measure?  Please explain in detail the “measures to be
strengthened”.
Congo, Maritime transport, page 99
419. Please provide concrete examples of the measures taken for promoting infant industry.
Côte d'Ivoire, Maritime transport: coastal shipping (cabotage) trade, page 99
420. We understand that the Côte d'Ivoire does not make any specific commitments for  maritime
transport services.  Please explain why the Côte d'Ivoire has to list MFN exemptions, even if this doesnot make any legal value.
421. Please provide the names of the agreements, as well as the names of the countries under
which this measure is taken,
422. Please indicate the names of the 25 countries to which this measure applies.
423. Please explain the prospect of achieving the objective described in the column of "intended
duration".S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 11
Côte d'Ivoire, Maritime transport, page 100
424. Of all cargo transported to/from Côte d'Ivoire by ship, what is the proportion of cargo
reserved under the Liner Code Convention.  Please explain how Côte d'Ivoire evaluates the impact of
the Convention with providing concrete data.
425. Please explain how this measure can be considered as being able to "ensure competitiveness
of export products and to reduce cost of imported products in domestic trade", as noted in column 5.
426. It is noted in column 2 that "[t]he exemption applies until auxiliary maritime services and port
services are developed".  Please explain the level of development which satisfies the condition of
withdrawal.
Côte d’Ivoire, Maritime transport: bulk and specialized cargoes, page 100
427. Please indicate the names of the countries to date with which the Côte d'Ivoire has concluded
am agreement relating to this measure.
428. Please explain in concrete terms the coverage of the term, “specialized cargoes".
429. It is noted in column 5 that "[m]easures to be strengthened if trade partners continue to block
access to cargoes and practise dumping".  Can we understand that the tern, “trade partners" , refer
only to the shipping companies of the countries with which Côte d'Ivoire has concluded a bilateral
and/or multilateral agreement relating to this measure?  Please explain in detail the “measures to bestrengthened”.
Côte d’Ivoire, Maritime transport,  page 100
430. Please provide concrete examples of the measures required for promoting  infant industry.
Cuba, Maritime Transport Services (1) Freight transportation, page 100
431. Please indicate the names of the countries with which Cuba has concluded a bilateral
agreement related to this measure.
432. Please explain what kind of "certain privileges", in column 2, are granted to the countries
concerned by those agreements.
433. Please indicate the kind of conditions that may enable Cuba to abolish those bilateral
agreements.
Finland, Maritime transport; cabotage, page 101
434. Please explain in concrete terms what "regional specificity" is.
435. Please provide the names of the countries to which any existing reciprocal measures apply.
436. Please indicate the names of the agreements or domestic rules where this measure is provided.
437. What is the amount of cargo invited in the cargo of maritime cabotage transport,S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 12
Gabon, Maritime transport: coastal shipping (cabotage) trade, page 101
438. We understand that Gabon does not make any specific commitments in maritime transport
services.  Please provide the reason why Gabon must register the measures noted in column 2, as
MFN exemptions, even if this does not have any legal value.
439. Please specify the names of the agreements under which this measure is taken, as well as the
names of the countries which Gabon has concluded them.
440. Please indicate the names of the 25 countries to which this measure applies.
441. Please explain the prospect of achieving the objective described in the column of "intended
duration".
Gabon, Maritime transport, page 101
442. Of all cargo transported to/from Gabon by ship, what is the proportion of cargo reserved
under the Liner Code Convention.  Please explain how Gabon evaluates the impact of the Convention
with providing concrete data.
443. Please explain the reason why this measure is considered as necessary for the purpose of
ensuring the competitiveness of export products and reducing the cost of imported products in
domestic trade.
Gabon, Maritime transport; bulk and specialized cargoes, page 102
444. Please indicate the names of the countries with which Gabon has concluded an agreement
related to this measure.
445. Please explain what kind of cargos are covered by the term "specialized cargoes".
446. It is noted in the column 5 that "[m]easures to be strengthened if trade partners continue to
block access to cargoes and practise dumping".  Could we understand that the “trade partners” referonly to shipping companies of the countries with which Gabon has concluded the bilateral and/or
multilateral agreements related to this measure?  Please explain the detail of “measures to be
strengthened”.
Gabon, Maritime transport, page 102
447. Please provide concrete examples of the measures for promoting infant industry.
India, shipping, a) Cargo sharing between bilateral partners, page 102
448. We understand that India does not make any specific commitments in the maritime transport
services.  Please provide the reason why India must register the measures noted in column 2, as MFN
exemptions, even it this does not make any legal value.
449. Regarding the terms, "equality in freight liftings ” and “equality in freight earnings”, noted in
column 2, please explain in detail any the existing measures for achieving “equality”.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 13
India, shipping b) Cargo Reservations, page 102
450. Of all cargo transported to/from India by ship, what is the proportion of cargo reserved under
the Liner Code Convention.  Please explain how India evaluates the impact of the Convention with
providing concrete data.
Jamaica, Maritime Transport, page 102
451. Of all cargo transported to/from Jamaica by ship, what is the proportion of cargo reserved
under the Liner Code Convention.  Please explai n how Jamaica evaluates the impact of the
Convention with providing concrete data.
Mali, page 102
452. Does Mali, as an inland country, have any services which fall under “maritime transport
services", other than the "internal waterways transport"?  Please explain the reason for making an
MFN exemption in maritime transport services.
Mali, page 103, 1st point
453. Of all cargo transported to/from Mali by ship, what is the proportion of cargo reserved under
the Liner Code Convention.  Please explain how Mali evaluates the impact of the Convention with
providing concrete data.
Mali, page 103, 3rd point
454. It is stated in column 2 that, "Laws, Decrees, Orders and Decisions, existing or future, based
on bilateral and/or multilateral agreements which provide for the sharing of all bulk and specialized
cargoes between the State shipping companies at both ends of a particular traffic".  Please explain in
concrete terms what exactly are the existing measures.
455. Please provide concrete examples of the measures for promoting  infant industry.
New Zealand, Maritime (passenger and freight), page 104
456. Please explain in concrete terms what is the meaning of "maritime training standards"
mentioned in column 5.
457. Is this measure is based on reciprocity?  What kind of standards have been  applied to decide
which countries should figure the list?
458. Please explain why there is a nationality limitation regarding officers on New Zealand ships
in order to maintain maritime training standards.
459. Does the term "New Zealand ships” qualify all ships under the New Zealand flag?
460. We would like to know what proportion of officers on New Zealand ships are NZ citizens.
Niger, page 104
461. Does Niger, as an inland country, have any services which fall under “maritime transport
services", other than the "internal waterways transport"?  Please explain the reason for making anMFN exemption in maritime transport services.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 14
Niger, page 105
462. It is stated in column 2 that "Laws, Decrees, Orders and Decisions, existing or future, based
on bilateral and/or multilateral agreements which grant cabotage rights to trading partners on a
reciprocal basis".  Please explain in concrete terms what exactly are the existing measures.
463. Please provide concrete examples of the measures for promoting  infant industry.
Philippines, Maritime Transport Services, Liner cargo trade, page 105
464. Of all cargo transported to/from the Philippines by ship, what is the proportion of cargo
reserved under the Liner Code Convention.  Please  explain how Philippines evaluates the impact of
the Convention with providing concrete data.
Philippines, Maritime Transport Services, Cabotage transport, page 105
465. Please indicate the names of the countries with which the Philippines has concluded an
agreement relating to this measure.
466. Please explain in concrete terms what the term, "limited access", in column 2 means.
467. Among the cargo of maritime cabotage transport, what is the proportion which is transported
by foreign vessels?  Is this proportion defined under the various agreements?
Senegal, Maritime transport: coastal shipping (cabotage) trade, 1st point, page 106
468. Please specify the names of the agreements under which this measure is taken, and also the
names of the countries with which Senegal has conclude those agreements.
469. Please indicate the names of the 25 countries to which this measure applies.
470. Please explain the prospect of achieving the objective described in column 4.
471. Please explain, with statistical data, how granting cabotage rights to trading partners on a
reciprocal basis can "stimulate international trade".
Senegal, Maritime transport, 2nd point, page 106
472. Of all cargo transported to/from Senegal by ship, what is the proportion of cargo reserved
under the Liner Code Convention.  Please explai n how Senegal evaluates the impact of the
Convention with providing concrete data.
473. Please explain the reason why this measure is considered as necessary for the purpose of
ensuring the competitiveness of export products and for reducing the cost of imported products in
domestic trade.
474. Please provide concrete examples of the measures for promoting  infant industry.  We also
would like to know the current conditions of maritime industry in Senegal.
Senegal, Maritime transport: bulk and specialized cargo, 3rd point, page 106
475. Please indicate the names of the countries with which Senegal has concluded an agreement
relating to this measure.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 15
476. Please explain what kinds of cargo are covered by the term, “specialized cargoes"?
477. It is noted in column 5 that "[m]easures to be strengthened if trade partners continue to block
access to cargoes and practise dumping".  Can we understand that the term, "trade partners", refers
only to the shipping companies of the countries with which Congo has concluded a bilateral and/or
multilateral agreement relating to this measure?  Please explain the details of the “measures to bestrengthened”.
Senegal, Maritime transport, 4th point, page 106
478. Please explain in concrete terms what kind of measures exist when referring to "[e]xisting or
future laws, decrees, orders and decisions" in column 2.
479. Please provide concrete examples of the measures for promoting infant industry.
Singapore, Maritime Transport Services, page 107
480. Can we understand that Singapore considers an MFN exemption necessary due to the fact that
other countries do not grant sufficient liberalization to satisfy Singapore, especially in the four sectors
noted in column 1?
481. Column 4 indicates that "Singapore will periodically review this in the light of international
developments".  Please explain when and how the periodical reviews take place.  Has the measure
been changed as a result of the reviews?  Can we understand that this measure is temporary one whichwill be phased out from the list when Maritime negotiation reaches agreement?
482. Column 5 provides that "[s]ome of Singapore's trading partners do not accord Singapore
companies satisfactory access to maritime transport services in their territories" .  Please indicate the
names of such "trading partners".  We also would like to know what kind of treatment is considered
"not" satisfactory to Singapore companies.
Sweden, Maritime transportation, page 107
483. We understand that Sweden does not make any specific commitments in maritime transport
services.  Please explain why Sweden must register the measures noted in column 2 as MFN
exemptions, even if this does not have any legal value.
484. Please indicate the names of the countries with which Sweden has concluded an agreement
relating to this measure.
485. Among the cargoes of maritime cabotage transport, what proportion of cargo is transported by
foreign vessels?  Is this proportion defined in the various agreements?
Thailand, Transport services, page 108
486. Please indicate the names of the countries with which Thailand has concluded a bilateral
treaty relating to the VAT exemption.
487. Please provide the title of Thai law which defines the rates of VAT.  Please also explain why
the value added tax in use comprises three different rates, namely 7 %, 0 %, and exempted.
488. Could we understand that maritime transport is the only service for which VAT may be
exempted on reciprocal basis?S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 16
Thailand, International maritime transport of cargoes, 1st ,2nd and 3rd points, page 109
489. Can we understand that Thailand will abolish this treaty (or agreement) by 2005?  Please
explain the procedures that will take place.
490. (450)∗Please describe the term, "cargo sharing", stated in column 2, by providing concrete
examples, such as the actual proportion of the share.
Trinidad and Tobago, Maritime Transport, page 109
491. (451)* Of all cargo transported to/from Trinidad and Tobago by ship, what is the proportion
of cargo reserved under the Liner Code Convention.  Please explain how Trinidad and Tobago
evaluates the impact of the Convention with providing concrete data.
Tunisia, Maritime Transport, page 109
492. (452)* We understand that Tunisia does not make any specific commitments in maritime
transport services.  Please explain why Tunisia must register the measures noted in column 2, as MFN
exemptions, even if this does not have any legal value.
493. (453)* Column 5 indicates to "prevent, offset and counter all discriminatory measures and
restrictive and harmful actions affecting Tunisian maritime transport and maritime trade".  Are there
any criteria to define the terms, "discriminatory”, “restrictive” or “harmful”?  If so, please provide
details.
494. (454)* Have these measures actually been invoked to date?  If so, please provide examples.
Tunisia, Maritime Transport, page 110
495. (455)* May not the measures cause some kind of discriminatory measures towards non-
contracting parties against which Tunisia has right to take counter measures by way of the above
exemption?
496. (456)* Please provide the names of all the treaties and agreements relating to these measure
that Tunisia has concluded, together with the names of the countries to which it applies.
Tunisia, Maritime Transport, page 111
497. (457)* Please explain in detail the measures relating to the term, “cabotage” in column 2.
498. (458)* Please explain in detail the measures re lating to the term, “Commercial presence" in
column 2.
499. (459)* Of all cargo transported to/from Tunisia by ship, what is the proportion of cargo
reserved under the Liner Code Convention.
Turkey, Transportation Services, 3rd point, page 112
500. (460)* Please explain in concrete terms what kind of measures exist to date.  Please also
indicate the names of the countries to which those measures are granted.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 17
Venezuela, Maritime freight transport services, page 113, 1st point
501. (461)* Please fill in the column of conditions creating the need for the exemption.
502. (462)* Please name all the countries to which freedom of access is granted.
Venezuela, Maritime freight transport services, page 113, 2nd point
503. (463)* Please fill in the column of conditions creating the need for the exemption.
504. (464)* Please explain why diplomatic notes were only exchanged with the United States.
EC, 3rd point, Rental/leasing services without operators, relating to ships, Rental of vessels
with crew, page  115
505. (465)* Please provide the EC's views on the nece ssity to allow this exemption for Germany
only among all the members of EU.
Switzerland, page 116
506. (466)* Please explain with statistical data how the objective, "[t]o regulate transport capacity
on inland waterways", stated in column 5, has been achieved over the past five years.
2. AIR  TRANSPORT  SERVICES
Austria, Liechtenstein, Norway, Slovenia, Sw eden  CRS and sales and marketing of air
transport services  pages 116, 119, 120, 123
507. (467)* While Austria, Liechtenstein, Norway, Slovenia and, Sweden each register an MFN
due to the reason of EC regulation noted in column 5, other EU member countries do not.  Please
explain why.
508. (468)* Do  the obligations for the operation of CRS under the EC regulation acknowledge
exemptions on the basis of reciprocity?
509. (469)* What is the criteria for deciding whether the treatment is "equivalent" or not?
Please provide the names of the countries where an equivalent treatment is accorded and the
obligations of CRS are applied.
510. (470)* Please explain in concrete terms what is meant by "multilaterally agreed rules for the
operation of CRS", in column 5.  We would also like to know the current situation of how those rules
have been developed.
Bulgaria, Sales and Marketing Services for Air Transport, including CRS  page 117
511. (471)* Please explain in concrete terms the meaning of "obligations relating to transport
services".
Canada, Air Transport, 2nd point, page 117
512. (472)* Please provide the names of the countries to which the preferential treatment applies.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 18
Canada, Air Transport, 3rd point, page 117
513. (473)* We would like to know whether this measure is based on a bilateral air services
agreement or reciprocity. If neither, please explain why.
514. (474)* Please explain with concrete examples the “preferential treatment" in column 2.
515. (475)* Please explain in concrete terms what kind of criteria has been applied for deciding
which countries benefit from preferential treatment.  Please provide the names of those such
countries.
516. (476)* Please specify what the "air safety standards procedures" in column 5 are.
Canada, Air Transport, 4th point, page 117
517. (477)* Please provide the names of the countries with which Canada has concluded a
bilateral air services agreement.
518. (478)* We would like to know whether all the bilateral air services agreements that Canada
has concluded to date contain "provisions that place limitations on the advertising, selling or
marketing of specified air transport services".  If so, please specify the names of the countries that
have concluded bilateral air services agreements that contain such provisions with Canada.
519. (479)* Please explain exactly what are the "limitations", mentioned in column 2.
Iceland, page 119
520. (480)* Please explain in a concrete manner what kind of criteria has been used for defining
"the obligation" in column 2.
Korea, page 119
521. (481)* Can we understand that this measure provides that "access to foreign CRS through the
SITA network", stated in column 2, is limited only to certain specified Korean travel agencies whichhave access to the CRS designated by a US airline company?
522. (482)* We would like to know whether the pref erential treatment, granted to the US with
regard to this measure, still exists. Has there been any change as a result of the negotiations with the
US?
523. (483)* Does the term, "negotiations" mentioned in column 5, refer only to the US?
Kuwait,  Air Transport Services, page 119
524. (484)* Do all the bilateral air services agreements concluded by Kuwait contain such
reciprocal provisions concerning three type of services as noted in column 2?  If not, please provide
the names of the countries that have concluded bilateral air services agreements containing such
provisions with Kuwait.
525. (485)* Please explain the meaning of the phrase, "multilateral civil aviation agreements", in
column 2, which contain reciprocal provisions, including three type of services. Please also providethe names of the countries which are parties of the agreements.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 19
526. (486)* Please explain in concrete terms the content of the term, "Measures", in column 2.
Latvia, Sale and marketing of air transport services and CRS, page 119
527. (487)* Do all bilateral air services agreements concluded by Latvia contain such reciprocal
provisions concerning sale and marketing of air transport services and CRS?  If not, please provide
the names of the countries that have concluded bilateral air services agreements containing suchprovisions with Latvia.
528. (488)* Please explain in concrete terms the content of “preferential market access” in
column 2.
Poland, Sale and marketing of air transport services and CRS, page 120
529. (489)* Do all bilateral air services agreements concluded by Poland contain such reciprocal
provisions concerning sale and marketing of air transport services and CRS?  If not, please provide
the names of the countries that have concluded bilateral air services agreements containing suchprovisions with Poland.
530. (450)* Please explain in concrete terms the content of “preferential market access” in
column 2.
Romania, page 120
531. (451)* Is the right for the sales and marketing services for air transport still granted on a
reciprocity basis?
532. (452)* Please explain what kind of forum is taken for reciprocity.  Does a bilateral
agreement based on reciprocity exist?
Singapore,  CRS,  page 121
533. (453)* Column 4 indicates that "Singapore will periodically review this in the light of
international developments".  Please explain when and how the periodical reviews will take place.
Has anything changed as a result of the reviews?  In addition, please clarify the elements of
“international developments” and explain how Singapore evaluates them.
534. (454)* Please explain in concrete terms what actually are the "multilateral agreements",
referred to in column 5.  Has Singapore become a member to those agreements?
Switzerland, page 124
535. (455)* Can we understand that the "ECAC", mentioned in column 2, is exactly the same as
the one mentioned by the EC and its Member States in its MFN exemption column?
536. (456)* Please provide the names of the countries, other than EC and its Member States,
which adopt the "ECAC".
537. (457)* How can Switzerland explains the fact that there are some countries which do not
register an MFN exemption referring to this measure, even though they adopt the "ECAC".S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 20
538. (458)* Can we understand that the "ECAC" provides a reciprocity based on the CRS?  What
is the criteria to define the term "equivalent", as mentioned in column 2?  Please provide the names of
the countries to which the "obligations of the CRS", mentioned in column2, are applied?
Thailand, CRS, 2nd point, page 124
539. (459)* Are there any plans to reform the regulation that "[o]nly airlines/CRS partners which
are in Amadeus system can bring in and install their own systems", stated in column 5?
540. (460)* What is the situation concerning a local operators' complete access to the Amadeus
system, as referred to in column 5?  Please explain when complete access is expected to be achieved.
541. (461)* Please explain the reason why Thailand only grants special treatment to CRS
operators in the Amadeus system.
Thailand, CRS, 3rd point, page 124
542. (462)* Do all bilateral air services agreements concluded by Thailand contain such
reciprocal provisions of aircraft repair and maintenance services?  If not, please provide the names of
the countries that have concluded bilateral air services agreements containing such provisions with
Thailand.  The content of "permission" is equally applied to all the countries?
United States of America, Air Transport Services, page 125
543. (463)* Do all bilateral air services agreements concluded by US contain such reciprocal
provisions concerning three type of services as noted in column 2?  If not, please provide the names of
the countries that have concluded bilateral air services agreements containing such provisions with
US.
544. (464)* Are all agreements concerning these three services based on reciprocity?
3. SPACE  TRANSPORT
United States of America, Space Transportation, page 126
545. (465)* Please explain in concrete terms what is meant by "quantitative restrictions" and
"price disciplines".
546. (466)* Please explain what criteria the US Government applies to exercise such "quantitative
restrictions".
547. (467)* Please provide a list of the countries with which the US has concluded a bilateral
agreements.
4. RAIL  TRANSPORT  SERVICES
Bulgaria, Passenger and Freight Transportation by Rail, page 126
548. (468)* Please provide a list of the existing agreements to date.
549. (469)* Please explain with specific examples what kind of “measures", referred to column 2,
exist.
550. (470)* Please explain in concrete terms what "the integrity of the infrastructure” means.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 21
551. (471)* Please explain concretely in concrete terms what "traffic rights” and “regional
specificity” mean.
552. (472)* We would like to know why Bulgaria considers that an MFN exemption is necessary
for  protecting “the integrity of the infrastructure” and the "environment”.
Czech Republic, Rail Transport Passenger and Freight, page 126
553. (473)*  Please refer to question 548 (468)*
554. (474)*  Please refer to question 549 (469)*
555. (475)*  Please refer to question 550 (470)*
556. (476)*  Please refer to question 551 (471)*
557. (477)*  Please refer to question 552 (472)*
Slovak Republic, Rail Transport Passenger and Freight, page 127
558. (478)*  Please refer to question 548 (468)*
559. (479)*  Please refer to question 549 (469)*
560. (480)*  Please refer to question 550 (470)*
561. (481)*  Please refer to question 551 (471)*
562. (490)*  Please refer to question 552 (472)*
Turkey, Rail Transport Services, page 127
563. (450)* We would like to know why Turkey considers that an MFN exemption is necessary
for  protecting facilitating rail transport service, as mentioned column 5.
5. ROAD  TRANSPORT  SERVICES
Austria, Road Transport, 1st point,  page 127
564. (451)* Please define the meaning of the phrase, “the integrity of the infrastructure”.
565. (452)* Please explain with specific words why an MFN exemption is necessary for
protecting “the integrity of the infrastructure”.
566. (453)* Please explain how this measure contributes to protecting “health and environment” .
567. (454)* Please explain in concrete terms what the term, “regional specificity", in column 5
refers to.
568. (455)* Please provide a list of the countries to which this measure applies.  Are preferential
measures, such as VAT-exemption and the exemption of vehicle tax, granted to counties according to
the bilateral agreements?S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 22
569. (456)* The term,“[m]ay be desirable", in column 3 is not clear.  Does this mean that some
countries to which this measure applies do not have any bilateral agreements on road transport or
other arrangements relating to road transport?  If so, please specify the criteria as to how those
countries could be decided.
Austria, Road Transport,  2nd point,  page 128
570. (457)* Has Austria concluded any agreements or arrangements relating to this measure with
the countries listed in column 3?  If not, please explain what this measure is based on.
571. (458)* Please explain the scheme and details of a VAT exemption", such as to whom and to
what extent the tax exemption is granted?
572. (459)* We would like to know why Austria considers an MFN exemption as being necessary
for facilitating the development of international touring.
Austria, Road Transport, 2nd point, page 128
573. (460)* Please explain in concrete terms what the terms, "vehicles tax and certain conditions",
in column 2, means.
574. (461)* We would like to know specifically how this MFN exemption could contribute to
promoting "the development of international touring and/or international transport of goods".
575. (462)* Please specify the difference between "conventions" (2nd point: column 1),
"declarations" (3rd point: column 1), and "de facto reciprocity"(3rd point: column 1).  Please also
provide details on each, as well as whether they are based on any bilateral agreements.
Brazil, Land transport, page 129
576. (463)* We would like to know why an MFN exemption is necessary for facilitating transport
among neighbouring countries.
Bulgaria, Road Passenger and Freight Transportation, page 129
577. (464)* Please provide the criteria through which the supply of the transport services is
reserved and/or restricted.
578. (465)* Please define with concrete examples how to specify "the terms " and "conditions"
noted in column 2.
579. (466)* Please explain precisely the terms, "transit permits” and “preferential road taxes", in
column 2.
580. (467)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Bulgaria has concluded agreements
relating to this measure.
581. (468)* Please explain what the "integrity of the infrastructure” means.
582. (469)* Please explain why an MFN exemption is necessary for protecting the integrity of the
infrastructure and the "environment", as noted in column 5.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 23
Bulgaria, Road Passenger and Freight Transportation, page 130
583. (470)* Please explain in concrete terms the meaning of [h]istorical links and specific
regional aspects", sated in column 5.  Please explain why an MFN exemption is necessary for this
objective.
584. (471)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Bulgaria has concluded an agreement
to date.
585. (472)* Please explain how the "de facto reciprocity” in column 2 is ensured.
586. (473)* Please explain with specific examples the definition of "vehicle tax” and “VAT-
exemption”.
Chile, International land transport, page 130
587. (474)* Column 4 provides that the intended duration is "subject to the duration of the
convention".
588. (475)* When will 1977 International Land transport Convention expire?
Colombia, Land transport, page 130
589. (476)* Please explain in concrete terms the phrase, "preferential treatment", granted to the
Andean group.
590. (477)* Please describe the “Andean Road Freight System”.
591. (478)* Please explain in concrete terms what the "regional integration efforts” in column 5
refer to.  We also would like to know why an MFN exemption is necessary for protecting such
"regional integration efforts”.
592. (479)* Please provide a list of the countries referred to in column 3.
Costa Rica, Land transportation services, 1st point, page 130
593. (480)* Do the Central American nationals apply to those coming from the four countries
listed in column 3?
594. (481)* Please explain in concrete terms the framework of Central American integration.
595. (482)* In a case where a country, other than one providing "Central American nationals",
grants the same preferential treatment noted in column 2 to a company from Costa Rica, does CostaRica also apply the same measures as mentioned in column 2 to a company where more than 40% of
its capital is owned by that particular country?
Cyprus,  Road Transport,  page 130
596. (483)* Please provide a list of the "European countries" mentioned.  We would also like to
know the names of the countries with which Cyprus is planning to conclude an agreement relating to
this measure in future.
597. (484)* Please explain with specific example tax exemption in column 2 and the regional
specificity" in column 5.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 24
Czech Republic,  Road Transport,  page 131
598. (485)* Please provide a list of the countries with which the Czech Republic has concluded an
agreement.
599. (486)* Please explain with concrete example what kind of measures exist relating to this
exemption.
600. (487)* Please explain the criteria through which the Czech Republic "reserve or limit the
provision of transport services and specify operating conditions", as stated in column 2.
601. (488)* Please explain in specific terms what the “operating conditions" refer to.
602. (489)* Please explain in concrete terms the meaning of “preferential road taxes” in column 2.
603. (490)* We would like to know why an MFN exemption is necessary for  protecting the
integrity of road transport infrastructure an d the environment", as stated in column 5.
Egypt, Road Transport, page 131
604. (491)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Egypt has concluded an agreements.
605. (492)* Please provide the duration period of the agreements referred to in column 2.
606. (493)* We would like to know why a limitation on road transport can " facilitate movement
of Arab citizens into Egypt" (column 5).
607. (494)* Please provide a standard or criteria through which Egypt limits the supply of road
transport services.
Estonia, International Road Transport Services, page 132
608. (495)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Estonia has concluded bilateral or
plurilateral agreements.
609. (496)* Please explain in concrete terms the "tax exemption for such vehicles" stated  in
column 2.
610. (497)* Please explain with concrete examples what the term, "regional characteristics”,
refers to. We would also like to know why an MFN exemption is necessary for achieving the goal
noted in column 5.
611. (498)* Please explain the criteria through which Estonia reserves or limits the provision of
transport services as referred to in column 2.
The EC and their Member States,  Road transport,  page 132
612. (499)* Please provide a list of the countries with which the EC and their Member States have
concluded these agreements.
613. (500)* Please explain the standard or criteria through which the EC and their Member States
reserve or limit the provision of a transport service, as referred to in column 2.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 25
614. (501)* Please specify which "taxes" are exempted and explain  the system of "tax
exemption", as referred to in column 2.
615. (502)* In a case where a Japanese company provides a transport service in the territory of the
EU, using vehicles registered in the countries list ed in column 3, can that company benefit from the
tax exemption system?
616. (503)* Please explain with concrete examples what the term, “regional characteristics" refers
to.  We would also like to know why an MFN exemption is necessary for achieving the goal noted in
column 5.
The EC and their Member States, Road transport services-Freight, page 133
617. (504)* Please explain the reason as to why this measure is only registered by Spain.
618. (505)* Please explain in precise terms what an "effective market access" refers to and the
standard thereof.
Finland, Road transport, page 133
619. (506)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Finland has concluded reciprocal
bilateral or plurilateral agreements ”stated in column 2.
620. (507)* Please explain in concrete terms the meaning of "transport rights" stated in column 2.
621. (508)* Please explain in concrete terms what “region specificity” in column 5 refers to and
why an MFN exemption is necessary for this objective.
Honduras, Land transport services, page 133
622. (509)* Please provide a list of the "[c]ountries with which land transport is possible"
mentioned in column 3.
623. (510)* Please clarify the meaning of possible in column 3.  Is the word possible used in a
sense of geography, physics or institution?
624. (511)* Please specify the countries to which Honduras does not issue a licence or an
authorization on the basis of reciprocity.
Hungary, Road transport, page 133
625. (512)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Hungary has concluded "bilateral
agreements", as stated in column 2.
626. (513)* Please explain in concrete terms the word, “measures", referred to in column 2.
627. (514)* Please specify what the "operating conditions” in column 2 mean.
628. (515)* Please explain the standard or criteria through which Hungary reserves or limits the
provision of service, as referred to in column 2.
629. (516)* Please explain in concrete terms the definition of "transit permits” and “preferential
road taxes”.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 26
630. (517)* Please explain in concrete terms “the integrity of road infrastructure stated in column
5.
631. (518)* We would like to know why Hungary considers that an MFN exemption is necessary
for protecting the integrity of road transport infrastructure and the environment".
Latvia, Road transport, page 134
632. (520)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Latvia has concluded "bilateral or
plurilateral agreements mentioned in column 2.
633. (521)* Please explain the standard or criteria by which Latvia reserves or limits the
provisions of transport services.
634. (522)* Please explain with specific examples the system of tax exemption" in column 2.
635. (523)* Please explain in concrete terms the "region characteristics in column 5.  We would
also like to know why an MFN exemption is necessary for this objective.
Liechtenstein, Road transport services, page 134
636. (524)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Liechtenstein has concluded the
bilateral agreements and "other arrangements" in column 3.  Does Liechtenstein plan to conclude any
agreements in the near future?  If so, please provide the names of the countries involved.
637. (525)* Please explain in concrete terms what kind of criteria is applied for deciding that a
country "may be desirable (at present approx. 30 countries)*", as stated in column 3,with regard to
preferential treatment.
638. (526)* Will Liechtenstein abolish this exemption if the "multilateral liberalization" is
achieved?
639. (527)* Please specify the “regional specificity and environment effects of road transport”
stated in column 4 and explain in concrete terms the necessity for taking them into account .
Mexico, Tourism. Road Transport, page 134
640. (528)* We would like to know whether this MFN exemption is based on the bilateral
agreements.
641. (529)* Please explain the standard or criteria for limiting "the supply of road transport
services by foreign suppliers into and across the territory of Mexico", as noted in column 2.
642. (530)* Please explain why Mexico considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for
facilitating the access of tourists from the USA.
Morocco, International road transport, page 135
643. (531)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Morocco has concluded bilateral or
multilateral agreements", as mentioned in column 2, as well as a list of these agreements.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 27
644. (532)* Please explain in concrete terms the "[m]easures contained in existing and future
bilateral or multilateral agreements on the international road transportation of passengers and goods"
stated in column 2.
645. (533)* Please explain in concrete terms the “bilateral cooperation among professionals"
mentioned in column 5.
Norway, Road transport, page 135
646. (534)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Norway has concluded road transport
agreements indicated in column 2.
647. (535)* Please specify in concrete terms the meaning of "traffic rights mentioned in column 2.
648. (536)* Please provide the names of the "specific countries” in column 2.
649. (537)* We would like to know precisely what “regional specificity” means.
Peru, Transport, Land and Sea, page 135
650. (538)* If this measure is based on the agreements within the Andean Group countries, please
provide a list of those agreements, as well as the names of the countries related to those agreements.
651. (539)* Please explain, with a concrete example, the "preferential treatment" mentioned in
column 2.
Peru, Land transport, 1st point, page 135
652. (540)* Please explain, with a concrete example,  the "preferential treatment" mentioned in
column 2.
653. (541)* Please explain the geographical range of the term "subregion", in column 2.
654. (542)* In Column 5, regional integration is given as the condition creating the need for the
exemption.  Please indicate how long and under what conditions this measure will last.
Poland, All transport services excluding maritime transport, page 136
655. (543)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Poland has concluded “reciprocal
agreements” referred to in column 5.
656. (544)* Please explain why Poland considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for
promoting and protecting foreign investments, as mentioned in column 5.
657. (545)* Please provide more details about “transportation quotas", based on each mode of
transportation.
Romania,  Road Transport Services,  page 136
658. (546)* Please explain in concrete terms what kind of road transport is permitted by the
"bilateral road agreements in column 1.  Does th is only refer to cross-border transport excluding
cabotage transport?S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 28
659. (547)* Please explain what regional specificity exactly means.  We also would like to know
why an MFN exemption is necessary for this objective.
Sierra Leone, Road Transport, page 137
660. (548)* Please explain the standard or criteria for limiting "the supply of road transport
services" in column 2.
661. (549)* Please explain the criteria for making a decision concerning “possibly other
countries” in column 3 and also provide the names of those such countries.
662. (550)* Please explain how Sierra Leone consider s the duration of the agreements mentioned
in column 2.
663. (551)* Please explain why Sierra Leone considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for
promoting intra-African trade and for facilitating the movement of African citizens, as mentioned in
column 5.
The Slovak Republic, Road Transport, page 137
664. (552)* Please provide a list of the countries with which the Slovak Republic has concluded
the agreements in column 2 to date.
665. (553)* Please explain what kind of operating conditions are specified under the agreements
stated in column 2.
666. (554)* Please explain, with concrete examples, the "[m]easures" indicated in column 2.
667. (555)* Please explain the standard or criteria that "reserves or limits the provision of
transport services", as mentioned in column 2.
668. (556)* Please explain in concrete terms the meaning of "transit permits” and “preferential
road taxes”.
669. (557)* Please explain in concrete terms “the integrity of road infrastructure”.  Why Slovak
Republic consider that an MFN exemption is necessary  for protecting “the integrity of road transport
infrastructure and the environment" ?
Slovenia, Road Transport, page 137
670. (558)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Slovenia has concluded the
agreements in column 2.
671. (559)* Please explain what kind of operating conditions” are specified under the agreements
stated in column 2.
672. (560)* Please explain with concrete example the “[m]easures” in column 2.
673. (561)* Please explain a standard or criteria that "reserves or limits the provision of transport
services", as mentioned in column 2.
674. (562)* Please explain in concrete terms the “transit permits” and “preferential road taxes”.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 29
675. (563)* Please explain in concrete terms “the integrity of road infrastructure”.  Why Slovenia
consider that an MFN exemption is necessary for protecting the integrity of road transport
infrastructure and the environment?
South Africa,  Road Transportation,  page 138
676. (564)* Please provide a list of the countries with which South Africa has concluded bilateral
or plurilateral agreements, as mentioned in column 2.
677. (565)* Please explain, with concrete examples, the “transport rights” in column 2.
678. (566)* Please indicate the names of the “other sub-Saharan African countries” in column 3.
679. (567)* Please explain why South Africa considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for
enhancing the development of an integrated road system and for ensuring the availability of an
efficient distribution network.
Swaziland, Road Transportation, page 138
680. (568)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Swaziland has concluded bilateral or
plurilateral agreements", as mentioned in column 2.
681. (569)* Please explain the standard or criteria to reserve or limit the provision of a transport
service, as mentioned in column 2.
682. (570)* Please explain in concrete terms the "regional characteristics” in column 5.  We
would like to know why Swaziland considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for this “regional
characteristics”.
Sweden, Road transport, page 138
683. (571)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Sweden has concluded bilateral or
plurilateral agreements", as stated in column 2.
684. (572)* Please explain a standard or criteria to reserve or limit the provision of a transport
service, as mentioned in column 2.
685. (573)* Please provide examples of the “tax exemption” in column 2.
686. (574)* Please explain in concrete terms the “regional characteristics” mentioned in
column 5.  We would like to know why Sweden considers that an MFN exemption is necessary forthese “regional characteristics”.
Switzerland, Road transport services, 1st point,  page 139
687. (575)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Switzerland has concluded the
bilateral agreements and "other arrangements" mentioned in column 3.  Does Switzerland plan to
conclude any agreements in the near future?  If so, please provide the names of the countries
concerned.
688. (576)* Please explain in concrete terms what kind of criteria is applied for deciding whether
a country "may be desirable (at present approx. 30 countries)", as stated in column 3, for being
granted the preferential treatment.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 30
689. (577)* Please explain in concrete terms the “regional specificity and environment effects of
road transport”, mentioned in column 4, and the necessity for taking them into account for the
intended duration.
690. (578)* Please describe the integrity of road infrastructure in column 5.  We would like to
know why Switzerland considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for protecting the integrity ofroad infrastructure and the environment.
Switzerland,  Road transport services, 2nd point, page 139
691. (579)* Please explain, with concrete examples, transit quota in column 2.
692. (580)* Please specify in concrete terms what the term, capacity of combined transport,
means.
693. (581)* Please explain about the elements and from what point of view the measure is
reviewed. Please provide details about the time sc hedule of the review, the number of reviews that
have been held and the results of the reviews.
694. (582)* Please explain when and how the review, mentioned in column 4, will take place.
695. (583)* Please explain in concrete terms what “the integrity of road infrastructure” means.
Please explain why Switzerland considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for protecting “the
integrity of road infrastructure” and “the environment", as mentioned in column 5.
Thailand, International road transport services, page 139
696. (584)* Please explain with concrete examples the reciprocity treatment in column 2.
697. (585)* Please provide a list of the countries mentioned in column 3 and the names of the
existing agreements relating to this measure.
698. (586)* Please explain precisely why reciprocity is necessary in the international road
transport service sector.
Tunisia, Road Transport, page 140
699. (587)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Tunisia has concluded international
agreements, as stated in column 2.
700. (588)* Please explain why Tunisia considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for
promoting the road transport sector, as mentioned in column 5.
Turkey, Road Transport Services, page 140
701. (589)* Please explain in concrete terms what is meant by the privileges about the quotas and
fees.
702. (590)* Please explain why Turkey considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for
facilitating road transport services between Turkey and other countries, as mentioned in column 5.S/C/W/140/Add.2
Page 31
United States of America, Road Transport, page 141
703. (591)* Does the US Government have no discretion regarding the limit for issuing of
trucking licenses to foreign countries, except to Mexico and Canada?
704. (592)* Please explain the standards or criteria for limiting the issuance of trucking licenses
mentioned in column 2.
705. (593)* Please explain in detail the “national interest” of the Bus Regulatory Reform Act of
1982 for clarification purposes.
706. (594)* Please describe which area does the "Interstate Commerce Commission commercial
zone” refer to.
Uruguay, Land Transport, page 141
707. (595)* Please explain why Uruguay considers that an MFN exemption is necessary for
facilitating transport among neighbouring countries, as mentioned in column 5.
6. PIPELINE  TRANSPORT
United States of America, Pipeline Transport, page 142
708. (596)* Please provide examples of the cases to which this measure has been applied over the
past five years.
7. SERVICES  AUXILIARY  TO  ALL  MODES  OF  TRANSPORT
Bulgaria, Cargo-Handling Services etc., page 143
709. (597)* Please provide a list of the countries with which Bulgaria has concluded “bilateral
agreements”, as mentioned in column 2.
__________
                                                     
∗ The number in parenthesis is the number of the question in the original document.