APPENDIX TABLESUnited States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 177
Table AI.1
U.S.intra-industry trade withtheEuropean Union, bytheGATT Tariff Study Categories, 1980-95
T.S
Code DescriptionNumber of
SITC linesIntra-industry trade (percent)
1980 1985 1990 1995
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34Allcategories
Rawhides andskins, leather andfurskins
Rubber
Wood andcork
Pulp, paper andpaperboard
Textiles andclothing
Mineral products andfertilizers
Precious stones andprecious metals
Oresandmetals
Coal, petroleum, natural gas
Chemicals
Non-electrical machinery
Electrical machines andapparatus
Transport equipment
Professional, scientific andcontrolling instruments,
photographic apparatus, clocks andwatches
Footwear andtravel goods
Photographic andcinematographic supplies
Furniture
Musical instruments, sound recording orreproduction
apparatus
Toys
Works ofartandcollectors pieces
Firearms, ammunition, tanks andother armoured
fighting vehicles
Office andstationery supplies
Manufactured articles notelsewhere specified
Foodstuffs
Grains
Animals andproducts thereof
Oilseeds, fatsandoilsandtheirproducts
Cutflowers, plants, vegetable materials
Beverages andspirits
Dairy products
Fish, shellfish andproducts
Tobacco
Other agricultural products ofanimal origin
Other agricultural products ofvegetable origin804
24
13
28
27
79
64
17
115
22
72
45
21
31
17
5
5
2
6
3
4
4
3
15
63
13
24
36
6
8
8
6
6
4
839.6
45.6
27.0
14.5
37.1
50.3
30.1
33.7
36.6
3.5
59.9
61.2
54.5
36.1
43.5
9.0
53.4
42.8
56.9
62.7
60.7
49.5
52.2
64.6
18.1
0.0
28.5
0.5
40.2
5.4
1.2
62.9
16.0
84.2
6.041.3
44.2
40.8
35.7
32.8
24.0
20.9
21.0
23.9
14.4
66.9
59.3
67.5
32.5
65.7
4.5
77.2
18.4
76.6
48.8
18.3
17.8
49.9
62.4
22.6
0.1
28.9
1.1
29.5
3.9
0.2
56.0
15.9
91.1
11.451.0
55.9
59.5
24.3
40.2
49.0
27.3
17.3
39.3
21.1
72.4
61.9
72.1
38.9
68.9
15.4
85.3
37.8
45.9
90.2
45.3
41.7
52.2
74.8
26.9
0.7
10.9
2.1
50.4
10.6
4.0
68.1
10.0
54.7
12.557.3
41.6
66.0
24.3
41.6
48.8
34.6
17.7
44.8
12.0
72.0
65.8
79.4
55.1
71.7
13.0
70.7
47.0
64.1
87.4
25.6
53.4
50.0
74.0
30.1
3.0
26.5
3.1
42.6
19.8
5.0
64.8
6.6
58.9
15.4
Source: Calculations byWTO Secretariat using 4-digit SITC Rev.1 data.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 178
Table AI.2
U.S.intra-industry trade withJapan, bytheGATT Tariff Study Categories, 1980-95
T.S
Code DescriptionNumber of
SITC linesIntra-industry trade (percent)
1980 1985 1990 1995
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34Allcategories
Rawhides andskins, leather andfurskins
Rubber
Wood andcork
Pulp, paper andpaperboard
Textiles andclothing
Mineral products andfertilizers
Precious stones andprecious metals
Oresandmetals
Coal, petroleum, natural gas
Chemicals
Non-electrical machinery
Electrical machines andapparatus
Transport equipment
Professional, scientific andcontrolling instruments,
photographic apparatus, clocks andwatches
Footwear andtravel goods
Photographic andcinematographic supplies
Furniture
Musical instruments, sound recording orreproduction
apparatus
Toys
Works ofartandcollectors pieces
Firearms, ammunition, tanks andother armoured
fighting vehicles
Office andstationery supplies
Manufactured articles notelsewhere specified
Foodstuffs
Grains
Animals andproducts thereof
Oilseeds, fatsandoilsandtheirproducts
Cutflowers, plants, vegetable materials
Beverages andspirits
Dairy products
Fish, shellfish andproducts
Tobacco
Other agricultural products ofanimal origin
Other agricultural products ofvegetable origin804
24
13
28
27
79
64
17
115
22
72
45
21
31
17
5
5
2
6
3
4
4
3
15
63
13
24
36
6
8
8
6
6
4
817.0
3.9
16.4
1.0
20.1
24.1
12.8
23.9
6.4
2.9
44.7
46.8
24.4
5.2
27.5
64.5
89.2
57.4
12.8
51.9
83.6
9.4
36.5
45.3
23.1
0.0
0.8
0.4
50.8
32.0
0.0
52.8
0.2
13.0
3.715.8
8.6
19.1
2.0
28.1
13.5
14.3
13.0
6.8
3.6
46.4
33.8
15.5
2.7
34.7
54.6
64.6
32.7
3.2
25.0
81.8
12.2
11.0
44.1
26.7
0.0
1.2
1.7
47.2
33.5
0.0
38.4
0.9
26.2
6.526.5
3.4
37.7
0.9
31.4
34.8
29.0
27.2
17.7
4.8
57.9
40.2
30.5
11.0
45.2
34.9
56.3
64.1
20.0
14.9
28.7
32.8
24.5
67.2
22.1
0.0
0.5
3.4
49.0
15.0
0.0
16.1
0.6
5.3
6.432.1
3.4
39.5
0.7
36.0
26.8
29.1
40.6
24.0
8.9
64.3
35.6
34.3
22.3
46.9
10.5
44.5
91.1
37.6
30.1
75.6
19.0
17.1
64.4
18.1
0.0
0.3
2.8
68.3
9.6
0.2
13.3
1.2
9.9
8.4
Source: Calculations byWTO Secretariat using 4-digit SITC Rev.1 data.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 179
Table AI.3
U.S.intra-industry trade withCanada andMexico, bytheGATT Tariff Study Categories, 1980-95
T.S
Code DescriptionNumber of
SITC linesIntra-industry trade (percent)
1980 1985 1990 1995
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34Allcategories
Rawhides andskins, leather andfurskins
Rubber
Wood andcork
Pulp, paper andpaperboard
Textiles andclothing
Mineral products andfertilizers
Precious stones andprecious metals
Oresandmetals
Coal, petroleum, natural gas
Chemicals
Non-electrical machinery
Electrical machines andapparatus
Transport equipment
Professional, scientific andcontrolling instruments,
photographic apparatus, clocks andwatches
Footwear andtravel goods
Photographic andcinematographic supplies
Furniture
Musical instruments, sound recording orreproduction
apparatus
Toys
Works ofartandcollectors pieces
Firearms, ammunition, tanks andother armoured
fighting vehicles
Office andstationery supplies
Manufactured articles notelsewhere specified
Foodstuffs
Grains
Animals andproducts thereof
Oilseeds, fatsandoilsandtheirproducts
Cutflowers, plants, vegetable materials
Beverages andspirits
Dairy products
Fish, shellfish andproducts
Tobacco
Other agricultural products ofanimal origin
Other agricultural products ofvegetable origin804
24
13
28
27
79
64
17
115
22
72
45
21
31
17
5
5
2
6
3
4
4
3
15
63
13
24
36
6
8
8
6
6
4
843.1
55.2
82.8
23.1
22.3
38.7
29.4
28.8
42.5
13.6
45.2
46.6
63.4
68.2
43.2
54.0
55.9
61.9
63.1
76.0
16.6
21.9
39.4
83.8
41.1
5.0
30.9
10.4
55.7
20.1
10.4
29.9
74.1
95.5
73.153.2
43.1
60.3
15.1
29.0
48.3
29.0
29.0
44.2
12.3
57.1
70.6
75.1
70.2
57.3
32.2
68.3
44.4
58.8
82.6
18.4
31.2
44.5
93.3
47.8
5.9
29.6
18.3
50.2
17.5
28.1
20.0
40.0
78.2
73.357.9
63.2
83.0
31.3
30.2
58.4
42.6
35.4
55.6
17.9
58.4
68.0
82.8
62.0
55.8
73.0
68.0
59.8
83.0
72.2
42.3
58.0
80.6
62.7
16.6
31.1
22.2
73.6
39.0
48.0
36.9
35.1
63.1
67.3
67.358.6
80.0
88.7
23.1
40.4
64.7
47.0
43.4
57.7
17.9
69.6
74.7
75.0
54.0
72.0
63.0
65.2
72.0
67.4
87.7
66.2
53.3
55.4
58.2
67.5
28.3
37.5
29.6
87.7
34.0
33.7
45.6
77.1
75.4
64.9
Source: Calculations byWTO Secretariat using 4-digit SITC Rev.1 data.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 180
Table AII.1
Bilateral trade agreements andmemoranda ofunderstanding including those made inthecontext ofGATT/WTO,
1January 1993 -16February 1996
Country Year Topic Entered intoforce asof
16February 1996
Albania
Argentina
Australia
Azerbajian
Belarus
Belarus
Bulgaria
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Chile
China
China
China
China
Chinese Taipei
Chinese Taipei
Chinese Taipei
Colombia
Colombia
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Ecuador
Egypt
Estonia
Estonia
European Union
European Union
European Union
European Union
European Union
European Union
Georgia
Georgia
Honduras
Honduras
Hungary
India
India
Jamaica
Jamaica
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan1995
1993
1993
1993
1993
1994
1994
1993
1993
1993
1993
1994
1994
1996
1993
1994
1995
1995
1995
1993
1993
1994
1995
1996
1996
1993
1993
1994
1994
1994
1993
1994
1994
1995
1995
1995
1993
1994
1995
1995
1993
1993
1995
1994
1994
1993
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994Investment
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Bilateral trade relations
Bilateral trade relations
Bilateral investment
Intellectual property rights
Salmon andherring
Tyres
Provincial beermarketing practices
Ultra-high temperature milk
Beermarket access inQuebec andBritish Columbia beer
anti-dumping cases
Salmon andherring
Softwood lumber
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Textiles andclothing
Commercial space launch services
Bilateral trade relations
Intellectual property rights
Trademark protection
Copyright protection
Market access
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Trade inbananas
Trade inbananas
Intellectual property rights
Investment
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Investment
Intellectual property rights
Market Access forTextiles andClothing
Recognition ofBourbon Whiskey andTennessee Whiskey
asdistinctive U.S. products
Government procurement
Financial services
EUenlargement compensation
EUgrains margin preference
Bilateral trade relations
Investment
Workers rights
Investment
Intellectual property rights
Intellectual property rights
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Intellectual property rights
Investment
Apples
Contracting procedures forpublic works
Intellectual property rights
Cellular phones andthirdparty radio systems
Rice
Harmonized chemical tariffs
Copper
Market access
Intellectual property rights
InsuranceNo
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Table AII.1 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 181
Country Year Topic Entered intoforce asof
16February 1996
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Mongolia
Nicaragua
Norway
Pakistan
Palestinian Authorityb
Panama
Philippines
Philippines
Russia
Russia
Russia
Singapore
South Africa
Suriname
Switzerland
Tajikistan
Trinidad andTobago
Trinidad andTobago
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan1994
1994
1994
1994
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1996
1996
1993
1993
1993
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1993
1994
1995
1994
1993
1994
1995
1993
1994
1995
1994
1993
1995
1994a
1996
1996
1995
1993
1993
1995
1993
1994
1994
1993
1996
1994
1993
1994Procurement oftelecommunications products andservices
Medical technology products andservices
NTT procurement procedures
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Flatglass
Financial services
Foreign direct investment
Financial services
Market access forautos andautoparts
Civil aviation
Semiconductors
Procurement byKorea Telecom Company
Beef
Market access foragricultural products
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Procurement byKorea Telecom Company
Steel
Shelf-life ofproducts
Cigarettes
Market access forforeign passenger vehicles
Investment
Intellectual property rights
Investment
Intellectual property rights
Investment
Investment
Investment
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Extension ofreciprocal dutyfreetreatment
Bilateral trade
Intellectual property rights
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Space launches
Market access foraircraft
Firearms andammunition
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Market access fortextiles andclothing
Bilateral trade relations
Financial services
Bilateral trade relations
Intellectual property rights
Investment
Bilateral trade relations
Space launches
Investment
Bilateral trade relations
InvestmentYes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
a Amended 1996.
b Listed asMiddle EastinUSTR (1996).
Note: AccordingtotheU.S.authorities,thislistdoesnotcontainproceduraltradeagreementsthatlackenforceableprovisionsonincreasing
market access orreducing trade barriers.
Source: U.S.International Trade Commission (1995), TheYearinTrade 1994Operation oftheTrade Agreements Program, 46thReport,
USITC Publication 2894, July,Washington, D.C.; U.S.Trade Representative (1996), 1996Trade Policy Agenda and1995Annual
Report ofthePresident oftheUnited States ontheTrade Agreements Program, Washington, D.C.; andTable II.2WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 182
Table AII.2a
Disputes under GATT 1947 involving theUnited States, 1July1993 -31December 1994
U.S.measure Applicant Consultations Referral Panel
establishedReport
circulatedReport
adopted
Restrictions onimports
oftunaEEC 20/3/1992,
GATT doc.
DS29/15/6/1992,
GATT doc.
DS29/214/7/1992,
GATT doc.
C/M/25810/6/1994,
GATT doc.
DS29/Rn.a.
Netherlands 10/7/1992,
GATT doc.
D33/114/7/1992,
GATT doc.
DS29/3
Taxes affecting
imported automobilesEEC 20/5/1995,
GATT doc.
DS31/112/3/1993
GATT doc.
DS31/212/5/93
GATT doc.
C/M/26311/10/1994
DS31/Rn.a.
Measures affecting the
importation and
internal saleoftobaccoArgentina, Brazil,
Colombia,
ElSalvador,
Guatemala,
Thailand,
Zimbabwe
Chile
Canada7/9/1993,
GATT doc.
DS44/1
8/9/1993,
GATT doc.
DS44/4
27/9/1993,
GATT doc.
DS44/47/12/1993,
GATT doc.
DS44/5 +
Corr.1
(Brazil,
Chile,
Colombia,
ElSalvador,
Guatemala,
Thailand,
Zimbabwe);
11/2/1994,
GATT doc.
DS44/8
(Argentina)
25/1/1994,
GATT doc.
DS44/6 +
Corr.125/1/1994,
GATT doc.
SR.49/1
(Brazil,
Canada,
Chile,
Colombia,
ElSalvador,
Guatemala,
Thailand,
Zimbabwe);
22/2/1994,
GATT doc.
C/M/270
(Argentina
added)12/8/1994
GATT doc.
DS44/R4/10/1994
GATT doc.
C/M/275
EEC 6/10/1993,
GATT doc.
DS44/3n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Standards for
reformulated and
conventional gasolineVenezuela n.a. 11/3/1994,
GATT doc.
DS47/2;
23/9/1994,
GATT doc.
DS47/34/10/1994
GATT doc.
C/M/275n.a. n.a.
n.a. Notapplicable.
Source: WTO (1995), Guide toGATT LawandPractice, Geneva.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 183
Table AII.2b
Disputes under theTokyo Round Codes involving theUnited States, 1July1993 -31December 1995a
U.S.trading
partnerProducts covered bythedispute Date Action
Anti-dumping Agreement -actions against U.S. exports
Canada Beer 15February 1994 Panel report transmitted tothedisputing
parties
17May1994 Panel proceeding suspended atparties request
3January 1995 Withdrawal ofcomplaint
Brazil Vacuum blood collection tubes 6October 1995 Request forconsultations
Anti-dumping Agreement -actions against U.S. measures
Brazil Steel products 20July1993 Request forconsultations
Norway Imports offresh andchilled Atlantic
salmon27April 1994 Adoption ofthereport
24October 1994 Implementation ofissue raised
Sweden Stainless steelplate 4February 1994 Panel report transmitted todisputing parties
24February 1994 Circulation ofreport tocontracting parties
Stainless steelseamless pipes andtubes 12June1995 Committee discussion
Several
member
States ofthe
EUCertain carbon steelproducts 9July1993 Requests forconsultations
13October 1993 Requests forconsultation
25October 1993 Committee discussion
Finland Cut-to-length carbon steelplate 22October 1993 Request forconsultations
Several
member
States ofthe
EUCertain steelplate andflatproducts 29October 1993 Request forconsultations
Australia Certain corrosion-resistant carbon steel
flatproducts23July1993 Request forconsultations
Hong Kong Man-made fibresweaters 3May1994 Request forconsultations
Germany Solid urea 4October 1995 Request forconsultations
The
NetherlandsPhotographic paper 7July1995 Request forconsultations
Subsidies Agreement actions against U.S. exporters
EU Subsidies provided withrespect to
thyristors15October 1993 Request forconciliation
27October 1993 Committee discussion
Table AII.2b (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 184
U.S.trading
partnerProducts covered bythedispute Date Action
Subsidies Agreement actions against U.S. measures
Brazil Steel products 20July1993 Request forconsultations
Several EU
member
StatesCertain carbon steelflatproducts 27September 1993 Request forconsultations
20October 1993 Request forconciliation
27October 1993 Committee discussion
1November 1993 Request forconciliation, addendum
10November 1993 Committee discussion
15April 1994 Request forestablishment ofpanel
28April 1994 Panel established
17August 1994 Panel constituted
19January 1995 Panel proceeding suspended attherequest of
theEU
Brazil Non-rubber footwear 13June1995 Adoption ofpanel report
Norway Fresh andchilled Atlantic salmon 28April 1994 Adoption ofpanel report
Several
member
States ofthe
EUCertain carbon steelflatproducts 13July1993 Request forconsultations
France,
Germany and
United
KingdomCertain hot-rolled leadandbismuth
carbon steelproducts3August 1993 Panel constituted
14October 1994 Panel report transmitted toparties ofthe
dispute
15November 1994 Circulation ofthepanel report tothe
contracting parties
Canada Pureandalloy magnesium 7July1993 Withdrawal ofthecomplaint
9August 1993 Report circulated
27October 1993 Adoption ofthereport
Canada Measures affecting theexport of
softwood lumber27October 1993 Adoption ofthepanel report
Government Procurement Agreement actions against U.S. measures
EU Procurement ofasonar mapping system
bytheU.S. National Science
Foundation17January 1994 Request forconsultations
a Excluding requests foradoption ofpanel reports.
Source: WTO Secretariat.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 185
Table AII.2c
WTO disputes involving theUnited States, 1January 1995- 26September 1996
Complaint
by/againstSubject matter Consultations Panel Appeal
Disputes inwhich theUnited States hasbeeninvolved asacomplainant
United States
against KoreaMeasures concerning
thetesting and
inspection of
agricultural productsRequest received 4/4/1995,
circulated 6/4/1995 joined by
Japan on9/6/1995.n.a. n.a.
United States
against KoreaMeasures concerning
theshelf-life of
productsRequested on3/5/1995, circulated
on5/5/1995, joined byCanada on
24/5/1995 andJapan on9/6/1995,
amutually satisfactory solution
wasnotified on31/7/1995
(section (3)(iv)(d)).No No
United States
against JapanTaxes onalcoholic
beveragesRequested bytheEUon
21/6/1995, established on
29/6/1995, joined bytheUnited
States andCanada on17/7/1995;
requested byCanada on7/7/1995,
circulated on17/7/1995, joined by
theUnited States on21/7/1995
andtheEUon27/7/1995;
requested bytheUnited States on
7/7/1995, established on
17/7/1995.Requested on
15/9/1995 bytheEU,
Canada andthe
United States,
established on
27/9/1995. The
panel report was
circulated on
11/7/1996.Japan appealed
thepanel decision
on8/8/1996.
United States
against the
European UnionDuties onimports of
grainsRequested on19/7/1995,
circulated on26/7/1995.TheUnited States
requested apanel on
29/9/1995, butthe
EUobjected.n.a.
United States,
Guatemala,
Honduras and
Mexico against
theEuropean
UnionRégime for
importation, saleand
distribution of
bananasRequest received on28/9/1995
andcirculated on4/10/1995.
Consultations were joined by
St.Lucia (13/10/1995),
Colombia (20/10/1995),
Dominican Republic (24/10/1995),
Venezuela (25/10/1995),
Nicaragua (20/10/1995) andCosta
Rica(30/10/1995). Anew
request forconsultations onthis
matter wasreceived on5/2/1996
(seebelow).n.a. n.a.
United States,
Ecuador,
Guatemala,
Honduras and
Mexico against the
European UnionRégime forthe
importation saleand
distribution of
bananasRequested on5/2/1996, circulated
on13/2/1996, joined by
Dominican Republic (28/2/1996),
St.Lucia (28/2/1996), Nicaragua
(28/2/1996) andJamaica
(1/3/1996).Requested on
12/4/1996 bythe
United States,
Ecuador, Guatemala,
Honduras, and
Mexico, established
on8/5/1996.n.a.
United States
against AustraliaMeasures affecting
theimportation of
SalmonidsRequested on20/11/1995;
circulated on20/12/1995
requested tobejoined byCanada
on13/12/1995.n.a. n.a.
Table AII.2c (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 186
Complaint
by/againstSubject matter Consultations Panel Appeal
Disputes inwhich theUnited States hasbeeninvolved asacomplainant
United States
against the
European UnionMeasures affecting
meat andmeat
products (hormones)Requested 26/1/1996; circulated
on31/1/1996, requested tobe
joined byNewZealand
(8/2/1996), Australia (9/2/1996)
andCanada (13/2/1996).Requested bythe
United States on
25/4/1996,
established on
20/5/1996.n.a.
United States
against JapanMeasures concerning
sound recordingsRequested on9/2/1996; circulated
on14/2/1996; joined bytheEU
on28/2/1996.n.a. n.a.
United States
against CanadaCertain measures
concerning
periodicalsRequested on11/3/1996,
circulated on14/3/1996.Requested bythe
United States on
24/5/1996,
established on
19/6/1996.n.a.
United States,
Argentina,
Australia, New
Zealand and
Thailand against
HungaryExport subsidies in
respect ofagricultural
productsAjointrequest wasreceived on
27/3/1996 andcirculated on
2/4/1996. Japan requested tojoin
theconsultation on12/4/1996.n.a. n.a.
United States
against PakistanPatent protection of
pharmaceutical and
agricultural chemical
products.Received 30/4/1996, circulated
6/5/1996. TheEUrequested to
jointheconsultations on
28/5/1996.Requested bythe
United States on
4/7/1996.n.a.
United States
against PortugalPatent protection
under theIndustrial
Property ActReceived on30/4/1996, circulated
on6/5/1996.n.a. n.a.
United States
against KoreaMeasures concerning
inspection of
agricultural productsRequested on24/5/1996,
circulated on31/5/1996.n.a. n.a.
United States
against TurkeyTaxation offoreign
filmrevenuesRequested on12/6/1996,
circulated on17/6/1996.n.a. n.a.
United States
against JapanMeasures affecting
consumer
photographic filmand
paperRequested on13/6/1996,
circulated on21/6/1996.Requested bythe
United States on
20/9/1996.n.a.
United States
against JapanMeasures affecting
distribution servicesRequested on13/6/1996,
circulated on20/6/1996.
Further consultations requested by
theU.S. on20/9/1996.n.a. n.a.
United States
against IndiaPatent protection for
pharmaceutical and
agricultural chemical
productsRequested on2/7/1996, circulated
on9/7/1996. TheEuropean
Union requested tojointhe
consultations on22/7/1996.n.a. n.a.
Brazil Certain measures
affecting trade and
investment inthe
automotive sectorRequested on9/8/1996, circulated
on14/8/1996; request tojoin
received from Canada (19/8/1996)
andJapan (13/8/1996).n.a. n.a.
Table AII.2c (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 187
Complaint
by/againstSubject matter Consultations Panel Appeal
Complaints against theUnited States
Venezuela
BrazilStandards for
reformulated and
conventional gasoline
Standards for
reformulated and
conventional gasolineRequest received on24/1/1995,
circulated on2/2/1995.
Request received on10/4/1995,
circulated on12/4/1995Requested on
27/3/1995,
established on
10/4/1995. Ajoint
panel wasformed
withtheBrazil
complaint,
conclusions were
circulated on
29/1/1996TheUnited States
appealed thejoint
panel decision on
21/2/1996. The
Appellate Body
reported on
22/4/1996. Its
decision was
adopted bythe
Dispute
Settlement Body
on20/5/1996.
TheUnited States
hasannounced a
process to
examine anyand
alloptions for
compliance with
thedecision.
Japan Imposition ofimport
duties onautomobiles
from Japan under
Sections 301and304
oftheTrade Actof
1974Requested on17/5/1995,
circulated on22/5/1995, requests
tojoinreceived from theEU
(2/6/1995) andAustralia
(12/6/1995). Australia 'srequest
wasaccepted, theUnited States
rejected theEUrequest. On
19/7/1995 Japan notified theDSB
thatitwould nolonger pursue
dispute settlement procedures
initiated intherequest for
consultations. TheAgreement
itself wasnotnotified.No No
Costa Rica Restrictions on
imports ofcotton and
man-made fibre
underwearRequested on22/12/1995,
circulated on15/1/1995.Panel requested by
Costa Ricaon
27/2/1996,
established on
5/3/1996.n.a.
India Measures affecting
imports ofwomen 's
andgirls'wool coatsConducted under theTextile
Monitoring BodyPanel requested by
India on15/3/1996,
established on
17/4/1996. On
30/4/1996 India
requested termination
offurther action with
reference tothefact
thattheU.S. had
removed the
constraint on
category 435.No
Table AII.2c (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 188
Complaint
by/againstSubject matter Consultations Panel Appeal
Complaints against theUnited States (cont'd)
India Measures affecting
imports ofwoven
wool shirts and
blousesConducted under theTextile
Monitoring Body.Panel requested by
India on15/3/1996
andestablished on
17/4/1996.n.a.
European Union TheCuban Liberty
andDemocratic
Solidarity
(LIBERTAD) ActRequested on3/5/1996, circulated
on13/5/1996.n.a. n.a.
European Union Tariff increases on
products from the
European UnionRequested on18/4/1996,
circulated on29/5/1996.Requested on
24/6/1996 but
blocked bythe
United States. The
United States
withdrew thetariff
increases on
15/7/1996.n.a.
Mexico Anti-dumping
investigation
regarding imports of
fresh andchilled
tomatoes from
MexicoRequested on1/7/1996, circulated
on8/7/1996.n.a. n.a.
Dispute inwhich theUnited States hasjoined theconsultations
European Union
against JapanMeasures affecting
thepurchase of
telecommunications
equipmentRequested on18/8/1995,
circulated on24/8/1995; the
United States requested tojointhe
consultations on31/8/1995.n.a. n.a.
Canada against
KoreaMeasures concerning
bottled waterRequested on8/11/1995;
circulated 22/11/1995; requests to
jointheconsultations were
received from theUnited States
(30/11/1995) andtheEU
(14/12/1995). Amutually agreed
solution wasnotified on
24/4/1996.No No
European Union
against JapanMeasures concerning
sound recordingsRequested on28/5/1996,
circulated on4/6/1996. The
United States requested tojointhe
consultations on11/6/1996.n.a. n.a.
Table AII.2c (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 189
Complaint
by/againstSubject matter Consultations Panel Appeal
Dispute inwhich theUnited States hasjoined theconsultation (cont'd)
Canada against the
European UnionMeasures affecting
livestock andmeat
from livestock
(hormones)Requested on28/6/1996,
circulated on8/7/1996; requested
tobejoined byAustralia
(22/7/1996), theUnited States
(23/7/1996) andNewZealand
(23/7/1996).Requested byCanada
on16/9/1996.n.a.
Japan against
BrazilCertain automotive
investment measuresRequested byJapan on30/7/1996;
circulated on6/8/1996; requested
tobejoined byKorea (13/8/1996)
theEuropean Communities
(15/8/1996), theUnited States
(15/8/1996) andCanada
(19/8/1996)an.a. n.a.
Disputes inwhich theUnited States hasreserved itsrights asathirdparty
Canada against the
European UnionOfficial name and
trade description of
scallopsRequested on19/5/1995,
circulated on24/5/1995, joined by
Chile (9/6/1995), Iceland
(9/6/1995), Japan (9/6/1995) and
Peru(12/6/1995); Australia,
Iceland, Japan andtheUnited
States reserved theirrights asthird
parties. Parallel consultations
were requested byPeru(requested
on18/7/1995, circulated on
25/7/1995) andChile (requested
on24/7/1995; circulated on
31/7/1995).Requested on
10/7/1995,
established on
19/7/1995 forthe
dispute withCanada,
ajointpanel covering
thedisputes with
Canada, Peruand
Chile onthismatter
wasestablished on
11/10/1995. A
mutually agreed
solution wasnotified
totheDSBon
19/7/1996.No
n.a. Notapplicable.
a On15August 1996, Brazil accepted therequests tojointheconsultation from Korea andtheEuropean Communities.
Source: World Trade Organization.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 190
Table AII.3
Status ofselected notification requirements totheWTO, ascirculated toWTO members on31July1996
WTO Agreement Description of
requirementPeriodicity Document No.ofmost recent
notification (ifnone, dateof
scheduled notification).Comments
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Information ontariff
quotasOnce, thenchanges G/AG/N/USA/2, 8March 1995
andaddendum-
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Volume ofimports under
tariff quotasAnnual G/AG/N/USA/3, 28March 1996 -
Agriculture
(Art. 5.7and
18.2)Special safeguard trigger
pricesOnce forall
products, orthe
firsttimeeach
safeguard isusedG/AG/N/USA/1, 10February
1995 andaddendum-
Agriculture (Art.
5.7and18.2)Summary ofspecial
safeguards takenAnnual G/AG/N/USA/4, 28March 1996 -
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Aggregate Measure of
SupportAnnual 90daysafter30September 1996 -
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Export subsidies
(outlays)Annual 60daysafter30September 1996 -
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Export subsidies
(quantities)Annual 60daysafter30June1996 -
Agriculture (Art.
10and18.2)Food aidprovided Annual 120daysaftertheendofthe
marketing year.-
Agriculture
(Art. 16.2)Impact onnetfood-
importing countries; food
andtechnical assistanceAnnual 60daysaftertheendofthe
period.-
Textiles and
Clothing
(Art. 2.7)Firstphase ofthe
integrationOnce G/TMB/N/5, 10October 1994 and
corrigenda.-
Textiles and
Clothing (Art.
2.1and3.1)Outstanding measures as
of1January 1995Once G/TMB/N/63, 19April 1995 and
addenda; G/TMB/N/66, 28April
1995 andaddendum and
corrigenda.-
Textiles and
Clothing
(Art. 6.1)Quota callstoWTO
MembersAdhoc 25notifications SeeTable AIV.5
Textiles and
Clothing
(Art. 6.9)Bilateral agreements Adhoc 8bilateral agreements SeeTable AIV.5
Textiles and
Clothing
(Art. 2.18)Accelerated quota growth
for"small suppliers"Once G/TMB/N/184, 26July1996. -
Subsidies
(Art. 32)Laws andregulations Once byMarch
1995, thenchangesG/SCM/N/1/USA/1, April 1995,
andcorrigendum andsupplement.-
Subsidies
(Art. 25)Specific subsidies granted Annual G/SCM/N/3/USA,
15March 1996 andcorrigendum-
Subsidies
(Art. 25.11)Countervailing duty
actions takenEvery sixmonths G/SCM/N/12/USA, 17April 1996 Covered theperiod
1July1995 -
31December 1995.
Anti-dumping
(Art. 18)Laws andregulations Once byMarch
1995, thenchangesG/ADP/N/1/USA/1,
10April 1995, andcorrigendum-
Anti-dumping
(Art. 16)Anti-dumping actions
takenEvery sixmonths G/ADP/N/9/USA, 2April 1996 Covered theperiod
1July1995 -
31December 1995
Table AII.3 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 191
WTO Agreement Description of
requirementPeriodicity Document No.ofmost recent
notification (ifnone, dateof
scheduled notification).Comments
Safeguards
(Art. 11)Pre-existing measures Once G/SG/N/2/USA, 23March 1995
andG/SG/N/3/USA, 23March
1995 andsupplement and
corrigendum.Nooutstanding pre-
existing measures were
inplace.
Safeguards
(Art. 12)Laws andregulations Once byMarch
1995, thenchangesG/SG/N/1/USA/1, 6April 1995 -
Safeguards
(Art. 12)Actions taken Adhoc G/SG/N/6/USA, 11May1995;
G/SG/N/6/USA/2, 26March
1996; G/SG/N/6/USA/3, 2April
1996-
Technical Barriers
toTrade (Art. 15)Measures inexistence
andtaken toimplement
theAgreementOnce, upon entry
intoforceG/TBT/2/Add.2,
19February 1996.-
Technical Barriers
toTrade (Art. 2)Technical regulations Adhoc 57notifications during
1January 1995-24 July1996.SeeChart III.10.
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary
MeasuresMeasures taken Adhoc 18notifications during 1995. -
Preshipment
Inspection (Art5)Laws andregulations
which puttheAgreement
intoforceOnce, thenchanges
onlyG/PSI/N/1/Add.4, tobeissued TheUnited States does
nothaveanylawsor
regulations governing
PSI.
Import Licensing
Procedures
(Art7.3)Questionnaire; rules and
information concerning
procedures forthe
submission of
applicationsAnnual for
questionnaire;
rules and
information once,
thenchangesG/LIC/N/3/USA/1, circulated
16January 1996-
Rules ofOrigin Preferential andnon-
preferential rules of
originNon-preferential in
April 1995;
preferential assoon
asentry intoforceG/RO/N/1, 9May1995 and
corrigendum; NAFTA andrules
oforigin applied totextiles and
clothing were notified asWTO
document G/RO/N/6,
19December 1995.-
Trade Related
Investment
MeasuresMeasures which arenot
inconformity withthe
AgreementOnce Notrequired ifnosuchmeasures
areused.-
GATT 1994 (Art
VII,Art.22.2)Customs valuation, laws
andregulationsOnce, thenchanges G/VAL/N/1/USA/1, 1April 1996 -
GATT 1994
(Art. XVII)State trading Annual G/STR/N/1/USA, 29September
1995 updated by
G/STR/N/2/USA, 18July1996.-
GATT 1994 (Art.
XXIV)Formation of,oran
agreement leading to,a
customs union or
free-trade areaAdhoc WT/REG/4/1,
23June1995 andaddendumReplies toquestions
from WTO members
ontheimplementation
ofNAFTA
GATT 1994
(Part IV)Enabling Clause Adhoc WT/COM.TD/N/1, 28February
1995 andaddendumExtension ofGSP
benefits to31July
1995.
GATT Council
forTrade in
Goods, G/L/59Complete notifications on
non-tariff measuresEvery twoyears,
beginning January
1996(January 1996) -
Table AII.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 192
WTO Agreement Description of
requirementPeriodicity Document No.ofmost recent
notification (ifnone, dateof
scheduled notification).Comments
GATT CPsdec.
(BISD 34S/66)Integrated database Annual 1994 tariff andtrade datahave
beennotified according tothe
format usedbytheIntegrated
database-
GATS (Art. 3.3) Neworchanged laws
andregulations affecting
trade covered byspecific
commits.Annual (January 1996) -
GATS
(Art7.4)Anyexisting Art7.1
recognition measuresAdhoc - -
GATS
(Art. 3.4and4.2)Establishment of
enquiry/contact pointOnce (31December 1996) -
GATS
(Art. 5)Economic integration Adhoc S/C/N/4, 1March 1995 -
TRIPS
(Art. 63.2)Laws andregulations Once, thenchanges IP/N/1/USA/C/1,
25March 1996;
IP/N/1/USA/C/2, 25March 1996;
IP/N/1/USA/D/1, 7June1996;
IP/N/1/USA/G/1,
6June1996; IP/N/1/P/1,
12June1996;
IP/N/1/USA/P/2;
12June1996;
IP/N/1/USA/T/1, 7June1996;
IP/N/1/USA/T/2, 12June1996-
TRIPS
(Art. 69)Contact points Once IP/N/3, 14February 1996. -
TRIPS
(Art. 4)Regional co-operation Adhoc IP/N/4/USA/1, dated
29February 1996
TRIPS Technical co-operation Adhoc IP/C/W/12/Add.2,
11September 1995-
Plurilateral
International
Bovine Meat
Agreement
(ArtIII.3)Inventory ofdomestic
policies andtrade
measuresAnnual IMA/INV/7, 31July1995 -
Plurilateral
International
Bovine Meat
Agreement
(ArtIII.3)Statistics Biannual IMA/STAT/United States/95/2,
26January 1996
Plurilateral
Government
Procurement
Agreement
(Art. 19.5)Statistics Annual (nofinaldatespecified) -
Plurilateral
Government
Procurement
Agreement
(Decision
GPA/1/Add.1)Laws andregulations
following aprovided
checklistOnce (31December 1996) -
Sources: WTO documents.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 193
Table AIII.1
U.S.tariff preferences byagreement, 31December 1995 andimports under preferences in1994
(Percentage andUS$billion)
Unweighted average Imports 1994
Agreement Number of
tariff lines
withtariff
preferenceInclAVEaExcl. AVEbValue
(1994)Share of
total valueValue of
imports
under
preferencesShare of
imports
under
prfeferences
No.of
linesAverage No.of
linesAverage (US$
billion)(Percent) (US$
billion)(Percent)
Total 9,835 ... ... ... ... 635.0 100.0 153.6 24.2
Agriculture 1,733 ... ... ... ... 33.5 5.3 9.1 27.1
Manufacturing 8,102 ... ... ... ... 601.4 94.7 144.5 24.0
M.f.n. 9,835 9,544 6.52 8,909 6.26 365.2 57.5 - -
Agriculture 1,733 1,608 8.49 1,091 7.77 10.4 2.9 - -
Manufacturing 8,102 7,936 6.12 7,818 6.05 354.8 97.1 - -
Canada 7,865 9,669 1.75 9,208 1.41 122.1 19.2 84.1 68.9
Agriculture 1,185 1,636 4.31 1,310 2.88 6.8 5.5 4.1 60.9
Manufacturing 6,680 8,033 1.23 7,898 1.16 115.3 94.5 80.0 69.4
Mexico 7,890 9,599 2.34 9,440 2.08 46.7 7.3 41.3 88.5
Agriculture 1,228 1,538 2.88 1,428 2.39 3.3 7.1 2.3 70.1
Manufacturing 6,662 8,061 2.24 8,012 2.03 43.3 92.9 39.0 89.9
Israel 7,822 9,774 0.54 9,727 0.26 5.1 0.8 2.2 43.9
Agriculture 1,163 1,674 2.91 1,632 1.38 0.1 1.3 0.1 80.4
Manufacturing 6,659 8,100 0.04 8,095 0.03 5.0 98.7 2.2 43.4
GSP 4,454 9,606 4.17 9,262 3.75 79.4 12.5 21.7 27.4
Agriculture 549 1,626 6.41 1,344 4.58 8.1 10.2 1.2 14.8
Manufacturing 3,905 7,980 3.71 7,919 3.61 71.3 89.8 20.5 28.8
CBERA 6,728 9,755 2.16 9,705 1.86 10.8 1.7 3.2 29.2
Agriculture 1,178 1,674 2.74 1,641 1.31 2.5 23.2 0.9 36.1
Manufacturing 5,550 8,081 2.04 8,064 1.97 8.3 76.8 2.2 27.1
ATPA 6,556 9,755 2.34 9,704 2.03 5.7 0.9 1.1 18.8
Agriculture 1,176 1,674 2.75 1,640 1.31 2.4 41.2 0.5 21.3
Manufacturing 5,380 8,081 2.25 8,064 2.18 3.4 58.8 0.6 17.1
... Notavailable.
a AVE (advalorem equivalent) ofspecific duties.
b Theadvalorem partofthenon-ad-valorem duties istaken intoaccount when available.
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations based ondataprovided bytheU.S. Government.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 194
Table AIII.2a
ADinvestigations, 1980-93: coverage ofsubject imports relative tototal U.S.imports andweighted average margins
fornewcasefilings, byyear
Year Subject imports Subject imports asashare
oftotal U.S.importsWeighted-average
margin
(Million dollars) ----------(Per cent) ----------
1980 103.7 0.04 13.2
1981 40.0a0.02a3.9a
1982 194.8 0.08 19.3
1983 566.1 0.21 15.5
1984 93.6 0.03 21.1
1985 757.7 0.22 42.5
1986 1,398.0 0.38 14.4
1987 372.2 0.09 35.6
1988 980.5 0.22 69.8
1989 1,255.0 0.26 16.8
1990 694.4 0.14 27.2
1991 541.7 0.11 41.0
1992 2,158.0 0.40 30.4
1993 258.8 0.04 41.6
a Excludes datathatcould notbeaggregated without revealing business proprietary information.
Source: United States International Trade Commission (1995) TheEconomic Effects ofAnti-dumping onCountervailing Duty Orders
andSuspension Agreements, USTR, publication No.2900, June, Washington, D.C. andadataprovided bytheU.S.
authorities.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 195
Table AIII.2b
CVD investigations, 1980-93: coverage ofsubject imports relative tototal U.S.imports andweighted average margins
fornewcasefilings, byyeara
Year Subject imports Subject imports asashare
oftotal U.S.importsWeighted-average
margin
(US$ million) ---------- (Percent) ----------
1980 33.9 0.02 20.8
1981b b b
1982 2,747.7 1.04 3.2
1983 35.5c0.01c34.9c
1984 372.7c0.14c8.0c
1985 164.8c0.05c2.6c
1986 81.9c0.02c6.4c
1987 61.5 0.02 38.4
1988 7.0d
113.6
1989 352.5c0.08c4.5c
1990 93.7 0.02 8.6
1991 2,926.0 0.59 5.2
1992 626.9 0.13 7.9
1993 15.2d
24.4
a Because ofdataavailability, onlythose countervailing dutycases which required aninjury determination areincluded inthe
dataforthissection. Thisisnotthecaseforsubsequent sections thatusetheENB database.
b Notapplicable -noaffirmative determinations.
c Excludes datathatcould notbeaggregated without revealing business proprietary information.
d Shares lessthan0.05percentarerecorded aszero.
Source: United States International Trade Commission (1995) TheEconomic Effects ofAnti-dumping onCountervailing Duty Orders
andSuspension Agreements, USTR, publication No.2900, June, Washington, D.C. andadataprovided bytheU.S.
authorities.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 196
Table AIII.3
U.S.share intotal patent applications bycountry, 1991
Country Total number
ofpatent
applications filedShare oftotal patent applications
filedbyU.S.companies or
residents
(%)Number ofpatent applications
filedintheUnited Statesa
Argentina ... ... 59
Australia 27,435 32.7 905
Brazil 12,769 33.8 115
Canada 38,380 42.2 3,975
China, People 'sRepublic of 11,423 13,5 133
France 79,075 25.5 4,757
Germany 109,187 20.3 10,851
Hungary 9,950 25.7 86
India 3,595 29.1 56
Indonesia 1,336 29.5 15
Israel 3,717 37.4 747
Italy 53,300 31.7 2,345
Korea, Republic of 36,154 21.5 1,444
Malaysia 2,427 41.0 24
Mexico 5,271 58.6 104
Philippines 1,921 50.1 10
Singapore 1,014 ... 76
Chinese Taipei ... ... 2,957
Thailand 1,987 41.1 24
United Kingdom 95,533 23.9 4,537
Venezuela 1,361 53.6 58
Japan 380,453 5.5 38,135
United States 177,388 50.2 89,031
... Notavailable.
a Thetotalnumber ofpatent applications intheUnited States in1992 was177,388 ofwhich 50.2percentwere filedbylocal
residents and21.8percentoriginated from Japan.
Source: JohnRichards (1994), "Imperative strategies forpatents, design, patents, copyrights, andsemiconductor chips: the
international market", in:Melvin Simensky andLanning G.Bryer (eds), TheNewRoleofIntellectual Property in
Commercial Transactions Recent Trends intheValuation, Exploitation andProtection ofIntellectual Property, JohnWiley &
Sons, Inc., NewYork, pp.221-286.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 197
Table AIV.1
U.S.most-favoured-nation tariff rates, byISIC category, 1996
ISIC Code Description M.f.n. rate(percent) Imports
1995
(US$million) Number of
linesSimple
averageRange Standard
deviation
Total 9,769 6.4 0-391.6 13.3 714,623.2
1
111
12
121
122
130
1301
1302Agriculture, hunting, forestry &
fishing
Agricultural andlivestock production
Forestry andlogging
Forestry
Logging
Fishing
Ocean andcoastal fishing
Fishing notelsewhere classified471
382
31
26
8
55
43
127.2
8.7
1.5
2.0
0.0
0.8
0.8
1.10-350
0-350
0-25.6
0-25.6
0
0-15
0-15
0-7.534.7
38.4
4.6
5.2
0.0
2.6
2.6
2.515,379.3
13,657.3
414.5
285.1
129.4
1,307.5
907.4
400.1
2
210
220
230
2301
2302
290
2901
3902
2903
2909Mining &quarrying
Coalmining
Crude petroleum andnatural gas
production
Metal ormining
Ironoremining
Non-ferrous oremining
Other mining
Stone quarrying, clayandsandpits
Chemical andfertilizer mineral mining
Saltmining
Mining andquarrying notelsewhere
classified112
4
4
18
2
16
86
40
14
1
310.9
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
0.0
1.10-16.8
0
0-0.6
0
0
0
0-16.8
0-4.8
0-4.6
0
0-16.82.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
1.7
1.6
...
3.251,187.4
248.0
42,797.6
1,163.3
485.9
677.4
6,978.4
229.5
269.0
114.0
6,366.0
3
3-31
31
311
3111
3112
3113
3114Manufacturing
Manufacturing, lessfood, beverages
andtobacco
Manufacture offood, beverages and
tobacco
Food products
Slaughtering, preparing, preserving
meat
Manufacture ofdairy products
Canning, preserving fruitand
vegetables
Canning, preserving fish,crustacea
etc.9,187
7,978
1,207
809
108
101
261
1286.3
5.8
9.9
8.8
4.2
20.0
9.5
3.30-350
0-87.8
0-350
0-147.3
0-29.5
0-140.3
0-147.3
0-3510.0
6.3
23.6
15.1
7.0
21.4
16.7
5.1647,200.9
624,637.1
22,563.8
15,888.0
2,539.1
902.6
2,461.8
5,485.7
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)
Note: Averages forgroups 1-122, 31-3140, and32-3211 arethesimple (unweighted) averages ofallU.S. HTS tariff
lines,including within-tariff quota rates, above-tariff quota ratesandratesapplied toimports forGovernment use. Ranges
andstandard deviations reflect themaxima applied toabove-tariff quota imports. Averages include ad-valorem elements of
mixed rates, andad-valorem equivalents (AVEs) ofspecific rateswhere available, based onaverage 1995 prices, datafor
AVEs forapproximately 34percentofspecific rates(3.2percentofalltariff lines) were notavailable.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 198
ISIC Code Description M.f.n. rate(percent) Imports
1995
(US$million) Number of
linesSimple
averageRange Standard
deviation
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119Manufacture ofvegetable andanimal
oilsandfats
Grain millproducts
Manufacture ofbakery products
Sugar factories andrefineries
Manufacture ofcocoa, chocolate,
sugar confectionery67
45
12
16
714.3
4.8
3.6
24.0
11.20-21.4
0-17.6
0-8.8
0-79.9
0-85.25.3
5.6
4.5
30.1
14.01,401.5
316.2
904.4
686.6
1,190.0
312
3121
3122
313
3131
3132
3133
3134
3140Other foodproducts andanimal feeds
Food products n.e.s.
Manufacture ofprepared animal feeds
Beverages
Distilling, rectifying, blending spirits
Wine industries
Maltliquors andmalt
Softdrinks, carbonated waters
industries
Tobacco manufacturing149
131
18
64
30
22
3
9
1110.1
10.9
4.7
7.4
9.3
4.1
1.4
10.5
104.40-147.3
0-147.3
0-42.2
0-51
0-51
0-24.2
1.2-1.5
0-31.6
4.4-35015.4
15.9
9.7
10.7
13.2
5.6
0.1
11.1
157.92,032.4
1,623.2
409.2
4,474.9
1,793.0
1,158.7
1,170.0
353.2
168.5
32
321
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3219Textile, wearing apparel &leather
industry
Textiles
Spinning, weaving, finalizing textiles
Manufacture oftextile goods excl.
weaving apparel
Knitting mills
Manufacture ofcarpets andrugs
Cordage, ropeandtwine industries
Manufacture oftextiles n.e.s.1,716
1,177
651
109
263
43
26
8511.3
11.4
11.6
9.1
14.5
5.4
8.4
6.90-87.8
0-87.8
0-87.8
0-23.2
0-34.1
0-9.6
0-22.4
0-16.68.4
8.0
8.6
4.3
8.0
2.2
5.8
3.862,776.8
23,892.3
5,196.5
2,599.3
14,184.4
857.8
202.4
852.0
322
323
3231
3232
3233
324Manufacture ofwearing apparel
Leather products
Tanneries andleather finishing
Furdressing anddyeing industries
Manufacture ofleather products excl.
footwear
Manufacture offootwear356
115
44
15
56
6811.5
6.2
3.2
3.8
9.2
16.40-30
0-20
0-5
1.9-9.2
0-20
0-58.57.7
5.5
1.4
2.2
6.6
15.124,883.5
4,684.3
955.2
175.7
3,553.3
9,316.7
33
331
3311
3312
3319Wood andwood products, including
furniture
Wood andwood products, except
furniture
Sawmills andwoodmills
Wooden andcanecontainers, etc.
Wood andcorkproducts217
162
82
32
483.4
3.5
3.2
5.1
2.80-18
0-18
0-15.2
0-18
0-16.43.7
4.0
3.7
4.9
3.717,078.2
9,969.3
8,428.9
299.0
1,241.4
332 Manuf. offurniture &fixtures except
ofmetal55 3.2 0-14.2 2.7 7,109.0
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 199
ISIC Code Description M.f.n. rate(percent) Imports
1995
(US$million) Number of
linesSimple
averageRange Standard
deviation
34
341
3411
3412
3419Paper, paper products,printing and
publishing
Paper products
Manufacture ofpulp, paper,
paperboard
Manuf. ofcontainers &boxes of
paper &board
Manufacture ofpulp, paper,
paperboard n.e.s.220
178
111
10
571.6
1.6
1.2
3.2
2.30-13.6
0-13.6
0-6
0.7-4.2
0-13.61.8
1.9
1.5
1.2
2.218,809.7
15,889.4
11,996.1
598.0
3,295.2
342 Printing, publishing &allied industries 42 1.5 0-4.2 1.7 2,920.3
35
351
3511
3512
3513Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber,
plastics
Industrial chemicals
Manuf. ofbasic indus. chemicals excl.
fertilizer
Manufacture offertilizer &pesticides
Manuf. ofresins, plastics &
man-made fibres2,096
1,440
1,200
48
1925.6
5.9
6.2
2.0
4.80-54.9
0-19.9
0-19.9
0-8.6
0-14.15.9
5.0
5.3
3.0
3.174,419.6
29,959.0
19.915.2
1,767.5
8,276.3
352
3521
3522
3523
3529Other chemicals, incl.pharm.
Manufacture ofpaints, varnishes,
lacquers
Manufacture ofdrugs andmedicinesa
Manuf. ofsoap, cleaning agents,
perfumes etc.
Manufacture ofchemical products
n.e.s.419
18
193
45
1633.8
4.7
4.0
3.6
3.60-30
0-12.2
0-30
0-6.9
0-15.74.4
2.8
5.5
1.7
3.416,550.5
418.1
7,470.3
1,718.4
6,943.7
353 Petroleum refineries 25 1.7 0-13.7 3.2 14,129.7
354 Manuf. ofmiscell. petroleum &coal
products 13 0.6 0-4.3 1.4 645.9
355
3551
3559Rubber products
Tyre andtubeindustries
Manufacture ofrubber products n.e.s.143
31
1128.7
2.0
10.50-54.9
0-4.6
0-54.912.8
1.9
13.88,173.2
3,137.7
5,035.5
356 Manufacture ofplastic products n.e.s. 56 4.9 0-12.1 1.9 4,961.4
36
361Non-metallic mineral products except
ofpetrol andcoal
Pottery andchina318
456.0
8.40-38
0-33.66.5
8.08,184.2
2,085.4
362 Manufacture ofglass andglass
products 170 6.9 0-38 6.7 2,858.5
369
3691
3692
3699Other non-metallic mineral products
Manufacture ofstructural clay
products
Manufacture ofcement, lime&plaster
Manufacture ofnon-metallic mineral
products n.e.s.103
22
8
733.6
6.9
0.0
3.00-18
0-18
0-0.2
0-16.24.5
7.2
0.1
2.93,240.3
825.4
561.3
1,853.5
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 200
ISIC Code Description M.f.n. rate(percent) Imports
1995
(US$million) Number of
linesSimple
averageRange Standard
deviation
37
371
372Basic metal industries
Ironandsteelbasic industries
Non-ferrous metal basic industries593
341
2523.7
4.2
3.10-16
0-10
0-162.6
2.3
2.831,628.1
14,087.6
17,540.5
38
381
3811
3812
3813Fabricated metal products, mach. &
equipment
Fabricated metal products
Manuf. ofcutlery, hand tools, general
hardware
Manufacture ofmetal furniture and
fixture
Manufacture ofstructural metal
products2,409
379
141
12
273.5
4.2
5.2
2.9
4.40-30.5
0-27.9
0-27.9
0.5-5.7
1.6-6.73.0
3.1
4.1
1.5
1.6385,009.9
12,599.5
3,656.7
1,483.6
743.3
3819
382
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3829Manufacutre offabricated metal
products n.e.s
Non-electrical machinery incl.
computers
Manufacture ofengines andturbines
Manufacture ofagricultural machinery
andequipment
Manuf. ofmetal &wood working
machinery
Manuf. ofspecial industrial mach. &
equipment
Manuf. office, computing, accounting
machinery
Machinery &equipment excl.
electrical n.e.s.199
800
26
15
163
213
101
2823.6
2.6
4.4
0.7
3.6
2.1
1.7
2.60-12.5
0-10.6
0-7.3
0-2.5
0-8.9
0-6.4
0-4.4
0-10.62.2
1.8
2.6
1.0
1.8
1.3
1.3
1.96,715.9
110,681.7
2,076.7
1,822.0
10,017.7
15,566.7
59,027.9
22,170.8
383
3831
3832
3833
3839Electrical machinery
Manuf. ofelectrical indus. machi. &
apparatus
Manuf. ofradio, T.V. &
communications equip.
Manuf. ofelectrical appliances &
housewares
Manuf. ofelectrical apparatus &
supplies n.e.s.583
115
314
47
1073.8
3.1
4.0
3.0
4.30-20
0-8.7
0-15
0-12.7
0-202.5
1.6
2.7
2.1
2.7113,585.5
13,007.0
83,353.9
3,269.7
13,955.0
384
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3849Transport equipment
Shipbuilding &repairing
Manufacture ofrailroad equipment
Manufacture ofmotor vehicles
Manufacture ofmotorcycles and
bicycles
Manufacture ofaircraft
Manufacture oftransport equipment
n.e.s.277
24
33
150
38
26
63.3
1.3
6.1
2.9
4.7
2.4
2.10-25
0-7.3
0-17.2
0-25
0-13.4
0-4
0-4.44.6
1.8
6.1
4.8
3.9
1.7
1.8124,962.3
1,292.5
1,291.6
109,300.9
2,160.1
10,576.8
340.5
385
3851
3852
3853Professional andscientific equipment
Professional scientific &measuring
equip. n.e.s.
Manufacture ofphotographic &optical
goods
Manufacture ofwatches andclocks370
192
106
724.6
3.8
4.2
7.40-30.5
0-12.6
0-18.4
0-30.53.3
2.2
3.0
4.523,181.0
11,754.5
9,408.6
2,017.9
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 201
ISIC Code Description M.f.n. rate(percent) Imports
1995
(US$million) Number of
linesSimple
averageRange Standard
deviation
39
3901
3902
3903
3909Other manufacturing industries
Manufacture ofjewellery andrelated
articles
Manufacture ofmusical instruments
Manufacture ofsporting andathletic
goods
Manufacturing industries n.e.s.405
49
42
73
2414.5
5.8
3.8
5.4
4.10-50.9
0-21.9
0-11.3
0-50.9
0-36.85.1
4.0
2.2
7.3
4.926,730.6
4,523.9
1,015.5
4,157.4
17,033.8
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 202
Table AIV.2a
Annual producer subsidy equivalent perproduct, 1986-88, 1990-92 and1993 to1995
(US$ million)
Product 1986-88 1990-92 1993 1994a1995b
Wheat 4,869 4,133 4,494 3,625 1,989
Maize 8,422 4,531 4,190 5,518 2,464
Other grains 847 402 304 426 184
Rice 875 883 961 848 702
Oilseeds 1,050 919 1,555 1,275 1,130
Sugar (refined
equivalent)1,162 1,039 1,112 943 797
Milk 11,469 11,153 10,556 10,148 8,649
Beefandveal 1,723 1,742 2,224 1,223 1,332
Pigmeat 495 490 452 355 438
Poultry 1,244 696 610 691 697
Sheepmeat 30 22 24 22 22
Wool 87 134 145 84 51
Eggs 325 316 564 569 536
Total 32,598 26,461 27,191 25,726 18,990
a Estimate.
b Provisional.
Source: OECD (various issues), Agricultural Policies, Markets andTrade inOECD Countries: Monitoring andEvaluation, Paris.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 203
Table AIV.2b
Annual consumer subsidy equivalent perproduct, 1986-88, 1990-92 and1993 to1995
(US$ million)
Product 1986-88 1990-92 1993 1994a1995b
Wheat -423 -652 -806 -869 -196
Maize 6 8 23 18 18
Rice 21 -9 -5 6 6
Oilseeds 3 3 2 2 2
Sugar (refined
equivalent)-1,209 -1,212 -1,268 -1,034 -840
Milk -9,051 -9,363 -9,028 -9,170 -7,707
Beefandveal -252 -211 -713 148 148
Pigmeat 23 87 87 61 61
Poultry -654 -54 78 -57 -23
Sheepmeat -2 -2 -2 -2 -2
Wool -6 -6 -6 -6 -6
Eggs -126 -111 -381 -391 -334
Total -11,670 -11,520 -12,021 -11,294 -8,873
a Estimate.
b Provisional.
Source: OECD (various issues), Agricultural Policies, Markets andTrade inOECD Countries: Monitoring andEvaluation, Paris.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 204
Table AIV.3
Major export markets forU.S.export subsidy programmesa
(US$ million)
Region Average 1989-93 1994
Western Hemisphere 44.8 87.4
Mexico 19.1 43.2
Western Europe 4.0 5.7
Eastern Europe 171.0 71.1
Former Soviet Union 162.1 66.3
Middle East 99.3 218.5
Other Asia 184.8 316.6
China 122.9 110.4
Africa 270.5 592.1
North Africa 233.5 496.4
Algeria 88.5 176.2
Egypt 99.7 271.7
Sub-Saharan Africa 37.0 95.7
Total 774.4 1,291.3
a Includes EEP, COAP, SOAP, andDEIP.
Source: Calculated from dataprovided byUSDA, FAS, Export Credits Division.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 205
Table AIV.4
Agricultural products subject tonon-NAFTA tariff quota
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Beef, fresh,
chilled and
frozen0201.10.10
0201.20.10
0201.20.30
0201.20.50
0201.30.10
0201.30.30
0201.30.50
0202.10.10
0202.20.10
0202.20.30
0202.20.50
0202.30.10
0202.30.30
0202.30.504.4c/kg
4%
10%
4.4c/kg
4%
10%
4.4c/kg
4.4c/kg
4%
10%
4.4c/kg
4%
10%
4.4c/kg0201.10.50
0201.20.80
0201.20.80
0201.20.80
0201.30.80
0201.30.80
0201.30.80
0202.10.50
0202.20.80
0202.20.80
0202.20.80
0202.30.80
0202.30.80
0202.30.8029.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%
29.5%Quota quantity:
676,621 mt
Imports under
quota: 447,000mtCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
aswellas
additional quota
forArgentina
andUruguay;
Importer: FCFS
Cream 0401.30.05
0403.90.043.2c/litre
3.2c/litre0401.30.25
0403.90.1686.3c/litre
86.3c/litreQuota quantity:
5,727,940 litre
Imports under
quota:
3,291,200 litreCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer: FCFS
Evaporated/
condensed
milk0402.91.10
0402.91.30
0402.99.10
0402.99.302.2c/kg
3.3c/kg
3.9c/kg
3.3c/kg0402.91.70
0402.91.90
0402.99.45
0402.99.5535c/kg
35c/kg
55.5c/kg
55.5c/kgQuota quantity:
2,857,300 litre
Imports under
quota: 552,084
litreCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer: FCFS
Nonfat
dried milk0402.10.10
0402.21.053.3c/kg
3.3c/kg0402.10.50
0402.21.2596.72c/kg
96.72c/kgQuota quantity:
1,261,000 kg
Imports under
quota:
342,623 kgCountry:
Global, no
countries
specified
Importer: Issued
bytheUSDA
onthebasis of
historical
performance
andrank-order
lottery.
Dried
whole milk0402.21.30
0403.90.516.8c/kg
6.8c/kg0402.21.50
0403.90.55$1.221/kg
$1.221/kgQuota quantity:
371,300 kg
Imports under
quota:
80,360 kgCountry: Global
nocountries
specified
Importer: by
USDA on
historical basis
andrank-order
lottery
Dried
cream0402.21.75
0403.90.6113.7c/kg
13.7c/kg0402.21.90
0403.90.65$1.739/kg
$1.739/kgQuota quantity:
99,500 kg
Imports under
quota:
noneCountry:
Global, no
countries
specified
Importer: FCFS
Table AIV.4 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 206
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Dried
whey/
butter milk0403.90.41
0404.10.503.3c/kg
3.3c/kg0403.90.45
0404.10.9097.9c/kg
97.9c/kgQuota quantity:
224,981 kg
Imports under
quota:
noneCountry:
Global, no
countries
specified
Importer:
Import licence
required for
224,981 kg
(allocated on
historical
performance),
thereston
FCFS.
Butter 0401.30.50
0403.90.74
0405.10.1012.3c/kg
12.3c/kg
12.3c/kg0401.30.75
0403.90.78
0405.10.20$1.839/kg
$1.839/kg
$1.722/kgQuota quantity:
3,977,000 kg
Imports under
quota:
256,137 kgCountry:
320,689
reserved forEU
andNew
Zealand therest
notallocated by
country
Importer: FCFS
Butter oil/
substitutes0405.20.20
0405.90.10
2106.90.24
2106.90.3410%
10%
15.4c/kg
15.4c/kg0405.20.80
0405.90.20
2106.90.26
2106.90.36$2.084/kg+9.5%
$2.231/kg
$2.231/kgQuota quantity:
3,480,500 kg
Imports under
quota:
1,331 kgCountry:
Global, no
countries
specified
Importer:
Allocated by
rank-order
lottery as
specified in
USDA
regulationsb
Dairy
mixtures0402.29.10
0402.99.70
0403.10.10
0403.90.90
0404.10.11
0404.90.30
0405.20.60
1517.90.50
1704.90.54
1806.20.81
1806.32.60
1806.90.05
1901.10.35
1901.10.80
1901.20.05
1901.20.45
1901.90.42
1901.90.46
2105.00.30
2106.90.06
2106.90.64
2106.90.85
2202.90.2417.5%
17.5%
20%
20%
13%
14.5%
10%
11c/kg
12.2%
10%
7%
5.8%
47.3c/kg+9.5%
17.5%
10%
10%
16%
16%
20%
2.9c/kg
10%
10%
17.5%0402.29.50
0402.99.90
0403.10.50
0403.90.95
0404.10.15
0404.90.50
0405.20.70
1517.90.60
1704.90.58
1806.20.83
1806.32.80
1806.90.10
1901.10.40
1901.10.85
1901.20.15
1901.20.50
1901.90.43
1901.90.47
2105.00.40
2106.90.09
2106.90.66
2106.90.87
2202.90.28$1.234/kg+16.6%
51.8c/kg+16.6%
$1.156/kg+19%
$1.156/kg+19%
$1.156/kg+9.5%
$1.329+9.5%
78.7c/kg+9.5%
38.2c/kg
44.9c/kg+11.6%
59c/kg+9.5%
59c/Kg+6.7%c
59c/Kg+6.7%c
$1.156/kg+16.6%
$1.156/kg+16.6%
47.3c/kg+9.5%
47.3c/kg+9.5%
$1.156/kg+15.2%
$1.156/kg+15.2%
56.1c/kg+19%
96.3c/kg
78.7c/kg+9.5%
32.2c/kg+9.5%
26.2c/l+16.6%Quota quantity:
1,905,00 kg
Imports under
quota:
488,657 kgCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer: FCFS
Table IV.4 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 207
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Bluecheese 0406.10.14
0406.20.24
0406.20.61
0406.30.14
0406.30.61
0406.40.54
0406.40.58
0406.90.7210%
20%
10%
20%
10%
15%
20%
10%0406.10.18
0406.20.28
0406.20.63
0406.30.18
0406.30.63
0406.40.70
0406.40.70
0406.90.74$2.536/kg
$2.536/kg
$2.536/kg
$2.536/kg
$2.536/kg
$2.536/kg
$2.536/kg
$2.536/kgQuota quantity:
2,569,334 kg
Imports under
quota:
2,333,249 kgCountry: As
notified tothe
WTO
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery
Cheddar
cheese0406.10.24
0406.20.31
0406.20.65
0406.30.24
0406.30.65
0406.90.08
0406.90.7610%
16%
10%
16%
10%
12%
10%0406.10.28
0406.20.33
0406.20.67
0406.30.28
0406.30.67
0406.90.12
0406.90.78$1.371/kg
$1.371/kg
$1.371/kg
$1.371/kg
$1.371/kg
$1.371/kg
$1.371/kgQuota quantity:
6,031,233 kg
Imports under
quota:
5,473,627 kgCountry: As
notified tothe
WTOd
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery.
American
typecheese0406.10.34
0406.20.36
0406.20.69
0406.30.34
0406.30.69
0406.90.52
0406.90.8210%
20%
10%
20%
10%
20%
10%0406.10.38
0406.20.39
0406.20.71
0406.30.38
0406.30.71
0406.90.54
0406.90.84$1.179/kg
$1.179/kg
$1.179/kg
$1.179/kg
$1.179/kg
$1.179/kg
$1.179/kgQuota quantity:
3,430,890
Imports under
quota:
2,892,885Country: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery.
Edam and
Gouda
cheese0406.10.44
0406.20.44
0406.20.73
0406.30.44
0406.30.73
0406.90.16
0406.90.8610%
15%
10%
15%
10%
15%
10%0406.10.48
0406.20.48
0406.20.75
0406.30.48
0406.30.75
0406.90.18
0406.90.88$2.015/kg
$2.015/kg
$2.015/kg
$2.015/kg
$2.015/kg
$2.015/kg
$2.015/kgQuota quantity:
5,900,736 kg
Imports under
quota:
5,596,167 kgCountry: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery.
Table AIV.4 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 208
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Italian type
cheese0406.10.54
0406.20.51
0406.20.77
0406.30.77
0406.90.31
0406.90.36
0406.90.41
0406.90.6610%
15%
10%
10%
25%
19%
15%
7.5%0406.10.58
0406.20.53
0406.20.79
0406.30.79
0406.90.32
0406.90.37
0406.90.42
0406.90.68$2.399/kg
$2.399/kg
$2.399/kg
$2.399/kg
$2.399/kg
$2.399/kg
$2.399/kg
$2.399/kgQuota quantity:
12,822,731 kg
Imports under
quota:
10,900,290Country: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery.
Swiss/
Emmentaler
cheese0406.90.46 6.4% 0406.90.48 $2.098/kg Quota quantity:
32,898,611 kg
Imports under
quota:
27,000,646 kgCountry: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery.
Gruyere
cheese0406.10.64
0406.20.81
0406.30.51
0406.30.81
0406.90.9010%
10%
6.4%
10%
10%0406.10.68
0406.20.83
0406.30.53
0406.30.83
0406.90.92$1.549/kg
$1.549/kg
$1.549/kg
$1.549/kg
$1.549/kgQuota quantity:
7,506,500 kg
Imports under
quota:
6,716,928 kgCountry: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery.
Other
cheesed0406.10.04
0406.10.84
0406.20.89
0406.30.89
0406.90.9510%
10%
10%
10%
10%0406.10.08
0406.10.88
0406.20.91
0406.30.91
0406.90.97$1.686/kg
$1.686/kg
$1.686/kg
$1.686/kg
$1.686/kgQuota quantity:
43,810,693 kg
Imports under
quota:
39,250,015 kgCountry: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery.
Table AIV.4 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 209
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Lowfat
cheese0406.10.74
0406.20.85
0406.30.85
0406.90.93
1901.90.3410%
10%
10%
10%
10%0406.10.78
0406.20.87
0406.30.87
0406.90.94
1901.90.36$1.261/kg
$1.261/kg
$1.261/kg
$1.261/kg
$1.261/kgQuota quantity:
5,474,908 kg
Imports under
quota:
4,750,780 kgCountry: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer:
Allocated by
USDA onthe
basis of
historical
performance,
designations by
exporting
countries and
lottery.
Peanuts 1202.10.40
1202.20.40
2008.11.25
2008.11.459.35c/kg
6.6c/kg
6.6c/kg
6.6c/kg1202.10.80
1202.20.80
2008.11.35
2008.11.60183.1%
147.3%
147.3%
147.4%Quota quantity:
30,393,000 kg
Imports under
quota:
29,003,222 kgCountry: U.S.
WTO Schedule
Importer:
FCFS.
Rawcane
sugar1701.11.10 1.4606/kg less
0.020668c/kg
foreachdegree
under 100
degrees butnot
lessthan
0.943854 c/kg)1701.11.50e37.86c/kg Quota quantity:
1,117,195 metric
tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer: A
newregulation
tocontinue the
practice of
issuing licences
toexporting
countries is
under review
Other cane
orbeet
sugars or
syrups1701.12.10
1701.91.10
1701.99.103.6606c/kg less
0.020668c/kg
foreachdegree
under 100
degrees butnot
lessthan
3.143854 c/kg1701.12.50
1701.91.30
1701.99.5039.95c/kg
39.95c/kg
39.95c/kgQuota quantity:
22,000 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry: As
notified tothe
WTOb
Importer: FCFS
withsome
exceptions for
specialty sugar
1702.90.10
2106.90.443.6606c/kg of
totalsugars
3.6606c/kg of
totalsugars1702.90.20
2106.90.4639.95c/kg
39.95c/kg
Mixtures
over65per
centsugar1701.91.44
1702.90.64
1704.90.64
1806.10.24
1806.10.45
1806.20.71
1806.90.45
1901.20.20
1901.20.55
1901.90.52
2101.12.44
2101.20.44
2106.90.74
2106.90.926%
6%
12.2%
10%
10%
10%
5.8%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%1701.91.48
1702.90.68
1704.90.68
1806.10.28
1806.10.55
1806.20.73
1806.90.46
1901.20.25
1901.20.60
1901.90.54
2101.12.48c
2101.20.48
2106.90.76
2106.90.9437.9c/kg+5.7%
37.9c/kg+5.8%
44.9c/kg+11.6%
37.5c/kg
37.5c/kg
34.1c/kg+9.5%
41.6c/kg+6.7%
47.3c/kg+9.5%
47.3c/kg+9.5%
26.5c/kg+9.5%
34.1c/kg+9.5%
34.1c/kg+9.5%
78.7c/kg+9.5%
32.2c/kg+9.5%Quota quantity:
1,500 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Table AIV.4 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 210
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Other
mixtures
over10per
centsugar1701.91.54
1704.90.74
1806.20.75
1806.20.95
1806.90.55
1901.90.56
2101.12.54
2101.20.54
2106.90.78
2106.90.956%
12.2%
10%
10%
5.8%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%1701.91.58
1704.90.78
1806.20.77
1806.20.98
1806.90.59
1901.90.58
2101.12.58
2101.20.58
2106.90.80
2106.90.9737.9c/kg+5.7%
44.9c/kg+11.6%
34.1c/kg+9.5%
41.6c/kg+9.5%
41.6c/kg+6.7%
26.5c/kg+9.5%
34.1c/kg+9.5%
34.1c/kg+9.5%
78.7c/kg+9.5%
32.2c/kg+9.5%Quota quantity:
64,709 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry: Global
nocountry
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Blended
syrups1702.20.24
1702.30.24
1702.40.24
1702.60.24
1702.90.54
1806.20.91
1806.90.35
2101.12.34
2101.20.34
2106.90.68
2106.90.896%
6%
6%
6%
6%
10%
5.8%
10%
10%
10%
10%1702.20.28
1702.30.28
1702.40.28
1702.60.28
1702.90.58
1806.20.94
1806.90.39
2101.12.38
2101.20.38
2106.90.72
2106.90.9118.9c/kgf+5.7
18.9c/kgf+5.7
37.9c/kgf+5.7
37.9c/kgf+5.7
37.9c/kgf+5.7
41.6%+9.5%
41.6%+6.6%
34.1c/kg+9.5%
34.1c/kg+9.5%
78.7c/kg+9.5%
32.2c/kg+9.5%Quota quantity:
1,500 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Sweetened
cocoa
powder1806.10.10
1806.10.34
1806.10.65free
10%
10%1806.10.15
1806.10.38
1806.10.7524.2c/kg
37.5c/kg
37.5c/kgQuota quantity:
2,331 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Chocolate
crumb1806.20.24
1806.32.04
1806.90.155%
5%
5.8%1806.10.28
1806.32.08b
1806.90.20b59c/kg+4.8%g
59c/kg+4.8%g
59c/kg+4.8%gQuota quantity:
15,467,700 kg
Imports under
quota:
3,958,299 kgCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer:
FCFS
Lowfat
chocolate
crumb1806.20.34
1806.20.85
1806.32.14
1806.90.255%
10%
5%
5.8%1806.20.38
1806.20.89
1806.32.18
1806.90.3059c/kg+4.8%g
59c/kg+4.8%g
59c/kg+4.8%g
59c/kg+4.8%gQuota quantity:
2,122,834 kg
Imports under
quota:
468,205 kgCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer:
FCFS
Infant
formula
containing
oligo-
saccharides1901.10.15
1901.10.6017.5%
17.5%1901.10.30
1901.10.75$1.156/kg+16.6%
$1.156/kg+16.6%Quota quantity:
100,000 kg
Imports under
quota:
326kgCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Mixes and
doughs1901.20.30
1901.20.6510%
10%1901.20.30
1901.20.7047.3c/kg+9.5%
47.3c/kg+9.5%Quota quantity:
5,398 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Table AIV.4 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 211
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Peanut
butter and
paste2008.11.05 1.3c/kg 2008.11.15 147.3% Quota quantity:
19,150,000 kg
Imports under
quota:
14,206,391 kgCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer:
FCFS
Mixed
condiments
and
seasonings2103.90.74 7.5% 2103.90.78 34.1c/kg+7.1% Quota quantity:
64,773 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Icecream 2105.00.10 20% 2105.00.20 56.1c/kg +19% Quota quantity:
3,283,772 litre
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer:
FCFS
Animal feed
containing
milk2309.90.24
2309.90.447.5%
7.5%2309.90.28
2309.90.4892.2c/kg+7.3%
92.2c/kg+7.3%Quota quantity:
7,399,700 kg
Imports under
quota:
4,841,235 kgCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer:
FCFS
Olives 0711.20.18
2005.70.063.7c/kgg
3.7c/kgg0711.20.28
2005.70.086.9c/kgh
6.2c/kgh
Flue-cured,
burley and
other light
air-cured
tobacco for
useinthe
manufact.
ofcigarettes2401.10.63
2401.20.33
2401.20.85
2401.30.33
2401.30.35
2401.30.37
2403.10.60
2403.91.45
2403.99.6026.7c/kg
45.7c/kg
41.9c/kg
free
$1.13/kg
33.1c/kg
36.7c/kg
36c/kg
34c/kg2401.10.65
2401.20.35
2401.20.87
2401.30.70
2401.30.70
2401.30.70
2403.10.90
2403.91.47
2403.99.90350%
350%
350%
350%
350%
350%
350%
350%
350%Quota quantity:
150,825 metric
tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
U.S. WTO
schedule
Importer:
Notrequired.
Short staple
cotton5201.00.14 free 5201.00.18 35.1c/kg Quota quantity:
255,050 kg
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry: U.S.
WTO schedule
Importer:
FCFS
Harsh or
rough
cotton5201.00.24 4.4c/kg 5201.00.28 35.1c/kg Quota quantity:
900metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Table AIV.4 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 212
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Medium
staple
cotton5201.00.34 4.4c/kg 5201.00.38 35.1c/kg Quota quantity:
5,200 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry: Global
nocountry
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Long staple
cotton5201.00.60 1.5c/kg 5201.00.80 35.1c/kg Quota quantity:
25,500 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Cotton
waste5202.99.10 free 5202.99.30 8.7c/kg Quota quantity:
653,695 kg
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Cotton
processed
butnot
spun5203.00.10 5% 5203.00.30 35.1c/kg Quota quantity:
1000 kg
Imports under
quota:
notavailableCountry:
Global, no
country
allocations
Importer:
FCFS
Fluid cream
andice-
cream
products(U.S. NAFTA Note 4tosubchapter 9906) Quota quantity:
366,000 litre
Imports under
quota:
13,414 litreCountry:
Mexico
Other dairy
products(U.S. NAFTA Note 7tosubchapter 9906) Quota quantity:
733,000
Imports under
quota:
filledCountry:
Mexico
Milk
powder(U.S. NAFTA Note 6tosubchapter 9906) Quota quantity:
422,000 kg
Imports under
quota:
15,489 kgCountry:
Mexico
Butter,
dried
cream,
butter oil
/substitutes(U.S. NAFTA Note 5tosubchapter 9906) Quota quantity:
43,000 kg
Imports under
quota:
noneCountry:
Mexico
Cheese (U.S. NAFTA Note 8tosubchapter 9906) Quota quantity:
5,550,000kg
Imports under
quota:
24,312 kgCountry:
Mexico
Table AIV.4 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 213
Product Tariff lines In-quota tariff Outof
quota tariff
linesOutofquota
tariffQuota quantity
and1995 importsQuota
allocation
principlea
Peanuts (U.S. NAFTA Note 16tosubchapter 9906) Quota quantity:
3,377 metric tons
Imports under
quota:
filledCountry:
Mexico
a Importer allocations based onfirst-come first-served basis aredenoted asFCFS.
b WTO doucment G/AG/N/USA/2, 8March 1995, addenda.
c 41.6c/kg +6.7 percentforproducts containing lessthan21percentbyweight ofmilksolids.
d Cheese notcontaining cow'smilk, softripened cow'smilkcheese, cheese (except cottage cheese) containing 0.5percentor
less byweight ofbutterfat andblue-mold cheese ifnotincluded intheblue-mold cheese quotas.
e Forimports other thanthose under tariff line1701.11.20 (sugar tobeusedforproduction (other thandistilation of
polyhydric alcohols), withsome exceptions.
f Weight ofsugar only.
g Products containing lessthan21percentbyweight ofmilksolids aresubject toatariff of41.6c/kg+4.8%.
h Drained weight.
Source: WTO Secretariat based onU.S. notifications totheWTO andU.S. tariff schedule.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 214
Table AIV.5
Active anti-dumping andcountervailing measures onagricultural andfoodproducts, 31December 1995
Description ofproduct Trading partner Initiation date
Anti-dumping measures taken bytheUnited States
Salmon (fresh andchilled, Atlantic)
Fresh cutflowers
Fresh cutflowers
Fresh cutflowers
Standard carnations
Standard carnations
Garlic
Pistachio nuts
Raspberries
Kiwifruit
Sugar andsyrups
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Canned pineapple fruit
Canned bartlett pears
Orange juice (frozen andconcentrated)Norway
Colombia
Ecuador
Mexico
Chile
Kenya
China
Iran
Canada
NewZealand
Canada
Belgium
Germany
France
Thailand
Australia
Brazil12April 1991
18March 1987
18March 1987
23April 1987
20March 1987
23April 1987
16November 1994
17July1987
24June1985
2June1992
9April 1980
13June1979
13June1979
13June1979
18July1995
23March 1973
5May1987
Countervaling measures taken bytheUnited States
Liveswine
Standard chrysanthemums
Pompon chrysanthemums
Standard carnations
Rawpistachio nuts
Roasted pistachio nuts
Castor oil
Sugar
Orange juice (frozen andconcentrated)
Fresh andchilled Atlantic salmonCanada
Netherlands
Peru
Chile
Iran
Iran
Brazil
European Community
Brazil
Norway15August 1985
12March 1987
18March 1987
19March 1987
11March 1986
7October 1986
6March 1976
31July1978
2March 1983
12April 1991
Anti-dumping measures taken against U.S. exportsa
Potatoes
Yellow onions
Iceberg lettuce
Delicious andred-delicious apples
Flatwooden toothpicksCanada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada4June1984
30April 1987
30November 1992
9February 1995
13March 1992
a Nocountervailing duties were taken against U.S. exports
Source: WTO SecretariatUnited States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 215
Table AIV.6
Estimated advalorem tariff equivalents forMFA quotas andtrade-weighted average m.f.n. tariffs, bysector, 1993
(Percent)
Advalorem tariff equivalents
Sector LoweraUpperbAverage m.f.n. tariff
Textiles
Broad-woven fabric mills 9.2 9.5 12.8
Narrow fabric mills 3.1 3.3 7.8
Yarn mills andtextile finishing 2.3 3.1 9.1
Thread mills 2.2 2.2 9.7
Floor coverings 9.2 9.3 5.8
Feltandtextile goods, n.e.c. 0.1 0.1 4.3
Lace andknitfabric goods 5.8 5.9 13.1
Coated fabrics, notrubberized 0.9 1.0 9.8
Tyre cordandfabric 2.3 2.4 1.6
Cordage andtwine 1.2 1.2 4.6
Non-woven fabric 0.2 0.2 3.2
Apparel andfabricated textile products
Women 'shosiery, except socks 0.1 2.3 16.0
Hosiery, n.e.c. 0.3 2.4 6.9
Apparel made from purchased materials 16.0 19.9 15.0
Curtains anddraperies 12.0 12.1 11.4
House furnishings, n.e.c. 13.7 13.9 8.0
Textile bags 8.6 9.0 6.4
Canvas andrelated products 5.0 5.2 8.0
Pleating, stitching, trimmings, and
Schiffli embroidery 5.0 7.6 9.6
Fabricated textile products, n.e.c. 0.6 0.6 3.2
Luggage 10.3 10.4 12.5
Women 'shandbags andpurses 3.1 3.1 13.3
a Assumes thatquotas arebinding ata90percentutilization rate.
b Assumes thatquotas arebinding atan80percentutilization rate.
Source: U.S. International Trade Commission (1995), TheEconomic Effects ofSignificant U.S. Import Restraints: FirstBiannual
Update, Publication 2935, December, Washington, D.C.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 216
Table AIV.7
U.S.quota callsunder theAgreement onTextiles andClothing against WTO members asnotified totheTMB, 1January 1995
to31July1996
Date of
request for
consultationsCountry Product category Action taken
26April 1995 Brazil 434,men'sandboys'
wool coatsRequest withdrawn.
29March 1995 Colombia 352/652 cotton and
man-made fibre
underwearAnagreed restraint measure wasnotified totheTMB.
27April 1995 Colombia 444,Women 'sand
girls'wool suitsAnagreed restraint measure wasnotified totheTMB.
29June1996 Costa Rica 351/651, cotton and
man-made fibre
nightwearTheUnited States informed theTMB thatitrescinded the
measure.
27March 1996 Costa Rica 352/652 cotton and
man-made fibre
underwearTheTMB found thatnoserious damage hadbeen
demonstrated, noconsensus could bereached onthethreat of
serious damage. Costa Ricarequested apanel under WTO
dispute settlement procedures on22December 1995.
27March 1995 Dominican
Republic352/652 cotton and
man-made fibre
underwearAnagreed restraint measure wasnotified totheTMB.
27March 1995 ElSalvador 351/361, cotton and
man-made fibrepyjamas
andother nightwearTheTMB wasinformed thatabilateral agreement hasbeen
reached.
21March 1995 ElSalvador 352/652, cotton and
man-made fibre
underwearTheTMB wasinformed thatanagreed restraint measure has
beenreached.
29March 1996 ElSalvador 342/642, cotton and
man-made shirtsAnagreed restraint measure hasbeennotified totheTMB.
31May1995 Guatemala 342/642, cotton and
man-made shirtsAnagreed restraint measure wasreached.
27March 1995 Honduras 352/652, cotton and
man-made fibre
underwearTheTMB found thatnoserious damage hadbeen
demonstrated, noconsensus could bereached onthethreat of
serious damage. Thecountries reached abilateral agreement.
24April 1995 Honduras 435,woollen coats,
jackets andblazersAnagreed restraint measure wasnotified theTMB.
27March 1995 Honduras 351/651, cotton and
man-made fibrepyjamas
andother nightwearFollowing adecision bytheTMB thatthemeasures were not
justified, theUnited States rescinded thesafeguard action.
27April 1995 Hong Kong 440,women 'sand
men'swoven woollen
shirts andblousesTheTMB recommended theUnited States torescind this
quota. TheUnited States hasacted accordingly.
18April 1995 India 434,woollen garments TheTMB recommended theUnited States torescind itsquota.
TheUnited States acted accordingly.
18April 1995 India 440,women 'sand
men'swoven woollen
shirts andblousesTheTMB decided thattheactual threat ofserious damage had
beendemonstrated andcould beattributed tothesharp and
substantial increase inimports from India. India requested a
panel under theWTO dispute settlement procedures on
14March 1996 (Table AII.2).
Table AIV.7 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 217
Date of
request for
consultationsCountry Product category Action taken
18April 1995 India 435,woollen coats,
jackets andblazersTheTMB decided thattheUnited States hadnotshown that
imports were seriously damaging U.S. industry, butmembers
could notagree onwhether theimports created athreat of
future damage. India requested apanel under theWTO
dispute settlement procedures on14March 1996 (Table AII.2).
TheUnited States rescinded themeasure.
27March 1995 Jamaica 351/361, cotton and
man-made fibrepyjamas
andother nightwearTheTMB wasinformed thatabilateral agreement hadbeen
reached.
31May1995 Philippines 444,women 'sandgirls'
wool suitsTheUnited States informed theTMB thatithaddecided to
rescind themeasure.
24April 1995 Philippines 670-L, man-made fibre
luggageTheUnited States informed theTMB thatithaddecided to
rescind themeasure.
27April 1995 SriLanka 670-L, man-made fibre
luggageAbilateral agreement wasreached.
29March 1995 Thailand 352/652, cotton and
man-made fibre
underwearTheTMB wasinformed thattheUnited States haddecided to
rescind thissafeguard measure.
28April 1995 Thailand 603,artificial staple
yarnTheUnited States informed theTMB thatithaddecided to
rescind themeasure.
28April 1995 Thailand 670-L, man-made fibre
luggageTheUnited States informed theTMB thatithaddecided to
rescind themeasure.
28March 1995 Turkey 352/652, cotton and
man-made fibre
underwearAnagreed restraint measure wasnotified totheTMB.
Source: WTO Secretariat based onU.S. notifications.WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 218
Table AIV.8
U.S.content andU.S.shipments offoreign trade subzones autoassemblers, 1984-93
U.S.firms Foreign firms
Year Sites
(No.)Share ofoutput sold
intheUnited States
(percent)Share ofU.S.
inputs intotal
inputs(per cent)Sites
(No.)Share ofoutput sold
intheUnited States
(percent)Share ofU.S.
inputs intotal
inputs (percent)
1984 9 90.3 90.6 3 96.0 35.1
1985 15 90.8 91.5 5 96.9 32.0
1986 20 92.1 90.5 5 97.3 29.2
1987 22 92.1 91.3 4 98.5 41.3
1988 25 91.8 88.6 5 95.2 49.3
1989 29 90.1 87.6 6 94.4 52.8
1990 29 91.6 91.0 6 93.8 59.6
1991 28 93.4 95.0 6 92.6 64.1
1992 28 93.2 95.9 6 89.8 68.8
1993 28 91.8 95.4 6 88.5 66.7
Note: Share ofoutput soldintheUnited States isthepercentage ofshipments from theforeign trade subzone thatisshipped toU.S.
destinations; share ofU.S.inputs ontotalinputs isthepercentage ofinputs entering theforeign tradesubzone fromU.S.locations.
Thepercentages havebeenweighted byzone shipments.
Source: Swenson, Deborah L.(1996) Explaining Domestic Content: Evidence from Japanese andU.S. Autoproduction intheU.S.,
NBER Working Paper No.5495, Cambridge, MA02138.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 219
Table AIV.9
Comparison ofGood Manufacturing Practices (GMP) standards oftheWorld Health Organization (WHO) andtheFDA
Criteria WHO FDA
Status ofGMP standards General guides, recommendation. Minimum legal requirements are
specified; adrugisdeemed tobe
adulterated unless itmeets the
requirements.
Personnel qualifications Personnel should possess scientific
qualifications, education andpractical
experience.Lawrequires thatpersonnel bequalified
bytraining andexperience toperform
theassigned tasks.
Starting materials Starting materials andrecords should be
keptofthesupplier andtheorigin of
materials ifpossible.Medicinal chemicals canbepurchased
onlyfrom known, reputable suppliers;
thepre-approval necessitates an
inspection ofsuppliers 'facilities in
many cases.
Production andprocess control Documents relating tomanufacturing
procedures should beprepared foreach
drug; theyshould contain several types
ofinformation, including name and
dosage form, evidence ofstability and
quality, theoretical yields andsoon.Written standard operating procedures
foreachproduction process andcontrol
procedure arerequired bylaw;any
deviation must beinvestigated; further
processing issubject toapproval of
quality ofsemi-finished products after
eachsignificant manufacturing step;
microbiological contamination is
controlled.
Quality controls Thequality control unitshould control
allstarting materials, monitor thequality
aspects ofmanufacturing andcontrol the
quality andstability ofthedrugs.Thequality control unithastotal
responsibility forensuring thatadequate
systems andprocedures existandare
followed toassure product quality.
Source: Ballance, Robert, János Pogány andHelmut Forster (1992), TheWorld 'sPharmaceutical Industries AnInternational Perspective
onInnovation, Competition andPolicy, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Vienna .WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 220
Table AIV.10
Summary ofU.S.Commitments inServices
Thefollowing summarizes themajor limitations onmarket access andnational treatment inscribed intheGATS Schedule ofspecific
commitments oftheUnited States. Thesymbol MAstands formarket access, andNTfornational treatment. Unless otherwise
specified, thepresence ofnatural persons isunbound except asindicated intheall-sectors section. Thisisbynomeans acomplete
oraccurate account oftheU.S.commitments under theGATS; onlytheSchedule ofspecific commitments provides fullinformation
onanyitemlisted ornotlisted below.
Thefollowing services sectors areunbound intheU.S.Schedule: medical anddental services, research anddevelopment services,
rental/leasing ofships andaircraft, postal services notincluding land-based courier services, basic telecommunications services,
educational services except adult education, social services, maritime transport services, space transport services, pipeline transport
services, cargo-handling services, storage andwarehouse services, andfreight transport agency services.
I.AllSectors
Temporary entry andstayofnatural persons: MA: Unbound except forthetemporary entry andstayofservices salespersons,
intra-corporate transferees (managers, executives, specialists), personnel engaged in
establishment ofcommercial presence, fashion models andspecialty occupations.
NT:Unbound
Acquisition ofland(commercial presence): NT:Some limitations atfederal andState levels
Taxation measures: NT:Some limitations atthefederal level withrespect todirect taxes andexcise
taxes
Subsidies: MA: Unbound forcross-border supply andconsumption abroad, nolimitations for
commercial presence
NT:Some limitations ontheapplication ofspecific measures atthefederal level,
andunbound formeasures atthefederal andState orlocal levels thataccord rights
orpreferences tomembers ofsocially oreconomically disadvantaged groups.
II.Sector-specific commitments (major service areas)
1.Business services
A.Professional services
(a)Legal services: practice asorthrough aqualified U.S. lawyer
MA&NT:Services must besupplied byanatural person. Several States require
themaintaining ofanin-State office andin-State orU.S. residency. Partnership in
lawfirms islimited topersons licensed aslawyers. U.S. citizenship isrequired to
practice before theU.S. Patent andTrademark Office.
Legal services: consultancy onlawofjurisdiction where service supplier isqualified asalawyer
MA&NT:Inanumber ofStates, practice islimited tointernational law,3rd-
country lawetc., butwithout sector-specific limitations onmarket access and
national treatment suchasresidency requirements. Some States require anin-State
office. Unbound forthemajority ofStates.
(b)Accounting, auditing andbookkeeping services
MA&NT:Soleproprietorship orpartnerships arelimited topersons licensed as
accountants, except inoneState (Iowa) where accounting firms must incorporate.
Several States require themaintaining ofanin-State office and/or in-State residency.
(c)Publishing MA:Asingle company orfirmisnotpermitted toownacombination ofnewspaper,
radio and/or TVbroadcast stations serving thesame local market.
Nomajor limitations forother business services
Table AIV.10 (cont'd)United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 221
2.Communication services
A.Telecommunications MA&NT:Enhanced telecommunications services (services offered overcommon
carrier transmission facilities which employ certain computer processing
applications) bound without sector-specific limitations
B.Audiovisual services MA&NT:Nolimitations onmarket access ornational treatment except thatgrants
from theNational Endowment fortheArtsareonlyavailable forindividuals with
U.S. citizenship orpermanent resident alien status, andnon-profit companies.
Inradio andtelevision services, asingle company orfirmisnotpermitted toowna
combination ofnewspaper, radio and/or TVbroadcast stations serving thesame
local market.
3.Construction &related engineering services and4.Distribution services. Nomajor limitations, except wholesale trade and
retailing ofalcoholic beverages, firearms andmilitary equipment which islargely unbound.
5.Educational services
(adult eduction andother eduction services)
NT:Scholarships andgrants maybelimited toU.S. citizens and/or residents of
particular States andmay, insome cases, onlybeusedatcertain States institutions
orwithin certain U.S. jurisdictions.
6.Environmental services. Nomajor limitations
7.Financial services Commitments infinancial services areundertaken pursuant totheUnderstanding onCommitments in
Financial Services (theUnderstanding), buttheyareunbound withrespect tomarket access incross-border supply andcommercial
presence fortheexpansion ofexisting operations, theestablishment ofanewcommercial presence, ortheconduct ofnewactivities.
A.Insurance MA: TheUnderstanding isunbound withrespect tomarket access forcross-border
supply andconsumption abroad oflifeinsurance andnon-life insurance relating to
risksother thanmaritime shipping, commercial aviation, etc.
Alarge number ofStates donotauthorize government-owned orgovernment-
controlled insurance companies. Anumber ofStates donotallow initial entry ofa
non-U.S. insurance company asasubsidiary, unless thatcompany isalready
licensed insome other U.S. State. U.S. citizenship isrequired formembers ofthe
board ofdirectors and/or incorporators oflocally established companies inanumber
ofStates. State residency isrequired fortheorganizing members ofmutual
insurance companies insome States. Non-residents ornon-U.S. citizens are
restricted from obtaining brokerage and/or agency licenses insome States.
NT:Some limitations apply, including afederal excise taxoninsurance premiums
paidtoforeign insurers.
B.Financial services excluding insurance MA&NT:TheUnderstanding isunbound withrespect tomarket access forcross-
border supply ofbanking services etc.
Alldirectors ofanational bank mustbecitizens, except foranaffiliate orsubsidiary
ofaforeign bank forwhich amajority oftheboard need becitizens. Foreign
ownership ofEdge corporations islimited toforeign banks andU.S.subsidiaries of
foreign banks, while domestic non-bank firms mayownsuchcorporations.
Aforeign bank must establish aninsured banking subsidiary toaccept domestic
retail deposits oflessthan$100,000.
Limitations atState level exist forinitial entry byestablishment oracquisition of
state-chartered orlicensed banks. Alarge number ofStates prohibit orlimitinitial
entry orexpansion byaforeign person through acquisition orestablishment ofa
commercial banksubsidiary, and/or require citizenship foralloramajor partofthe
boards ofdirectors ofdepository financial institutions organized under State law.
Citizenship isalsorequired fortheincorporators ororganizers ofdepository
financial organizations under State law. Residence within aState mayalsobe
required. Establishment ofadirect branch oragency byaforeign bank islimited in
alarge number ofStates. Limitations existalsoforrepresentative offices offoreign
banks.
Table AIV.10 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 222
NT:Foreign banks arerequired toregister under theInvestment Advisors Actof
1940 toengage insecurities advisory andinvestment management services.
Foreign banks cannot bemembers oftheFederal Reserve System, except for
foreign-owned bank subsidiaries.
Branch, agency andrepresentative offices offoreign banks arerequired tobe
charged forthecostofexaminations bytheFederal Reserve (notapplied atthe
moment).
Alarge number ofStates require direct branches oragencies offoreign banks to
register orobtain licences toengage incertain activities.Various commodities
transactions byforeign bank branches andagencies arerestricted inanumber of
States.
-Trading ofsecurities andderivative products andservices thereto; Participation insecurities issues
Prohibition ofderivatives contracts ononions andunbound withrespect to
limitations oncertain services related totheissuing ofsecurities.
-Participation inissues ofgovernment debtsecurities
TheU.S. Schedule isunbound forthegranting orcontinuation ofFederal Reserve
designation asaprimary dealer inU.S. Government debt.
8.Health related &social services MA: Establishment ofhospitals orother health carefacilities, procurement of
specific types ofmedical equipment, orprovision ofspecific types ofmedical
procedures maybesubject toneeds-based quantitative limits.
NT:Forconsumption abroad, federal orState government reimbursement of
medical expenses islimited tolicensed, certified facilities intheUnited States or
inaspecific U.S. State.
9.Tourism andtravel related services MA: Official tourism offices withdiplomatic orofficial status arenotpermitted to
operate onacommercial basis intheUnited States. Fortourguide services, the
number ofconcessions available forcommercial operations infederal, State, and
local facilities islimited.
10.Recreational, cultural, &sporting services
MA: Inother recreational services (except sporting), thenumber ofconcessions
available forcommercial operations infederal, State, andlocal facilities islimited.
11.Transport services
Maritime transport andairtransport services (except aircraft repair andmaintenance services) areunbound.
A.Road transport
MA: Thefollowing arebound forroadtransport:
-Cross-border supply ofpassenger transport (interurban regular transport)
Nolimitations after1/1/1997
-Commercial presence forpassenger transport
Nolimitations after1/1/2001
-Cross-border supply offreight transport (limited totransportation ofcargo that
haseither anorigin oradestination outside theUnited States)
After 17/12/1995, unbound except toorfrom California, Arizona, New
Mexico andTexas through different ports ofentry. Nolimitations after
1/1/2000.
-Commercial presence forfreight transport
Nolimitation after17/12/1995
NT:Nolimitations after1/1/1997 forpassenger transport
B.Services auxiliary toallmodes oftransport
MA: Acustom broker 'slicence mayonlybeobtained byaU.S. citizen.United States WT/TPR/S/16
Page 223
Table AIV.11
Summary ofArticle II(m.f.n.) exemptions listed bytheUnited States
Thefollowing isbynomeans acomplete oraccurate account oftheexemptions listed bytheUnited States. Only theListof
Article IIExemptions provides fullinformation onanyitemlisted ornotlisted below.
I. AllSectors
1. Movement ofPersons Government issuance ofnon-immigrant visas forpersons engaged intrade orinvestment whoare
nationals ofcountries withwhom theUnited States hasbilateral treaties engaged intrade or
investment.
Restrictions onperformance oflongshore work bycrews offoreign vessels based onreciprocity
2. Taxation Measures Differential treatment under direct taxmeasures atthefederal level including:
-more favourable treatment accorded toresidents ofcountries contiguous totheUnited States
andtooperations ofU.S. taxpayers incontiguous countries;
-benefits available withrespect toU.S. possessions andCaribbean Basin Initiative beneficiary
countries;
-reciprocal reduction oftaxation oncertain income orearnings derived from aircraft or
railroad;
-taxexemption forearnings byaforeign entity derived from acommunications satellite
system withU.S. participation;
-denial ofstatutory reduction ofdouble taxation ordeferral ofincome taxoncontrolled
foreign corporations duetoforeign policy considerations;
-lessfavourable taxation forentities ofcountries which apply discriminatory taxes etc.;
-deduction forexpenses ofanadvertisement carried byaforeign broadcast undertaking based
onreciprocity;
-thebenefit ofawaiver oftherequired period ofstayinaforeign country inconnection with
theexclusion of,ordeduction relating to,certain foreign earned income from thegross
income ofindividuals; and
-sub-federal taxmeasures affording differential treatment toservice suppliers ortoservices
based oncertain objective criteria.
3. Small businesses
Permission forCanadian small businesses tousesimplified registration andperiodic reporting
forms withrespect totheirsecurities.
II. Specific Sectors
1. Financial services
Differential treatment ofcountries duetoapplication ofreciprocity measures orthrough
international agreements guaranteeing market access ornational treatment (including insurance)
Abroker-dealer withitsprincipal place ofbusiness inCanada maymaintain itsrequired reserves
inabank inCanada.
Permission inseveral States toestablish State-licensed branches oragencies, ortoown
commercial bank subsidiaries isbased onareciprocity test.
Authority toactasasoletrustee ofanindenture forabond offering intheUnited States is
subject toareciprocity test.
Designation asaprimary dealer inU.S. Government debtsecurities isconditioned onreciprocity.
Table AIV.11 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/16 Trade Policy Review
Page 224
2. Transport Services
(a) AirTransport Services Measures which pertain toselling andmarketing ofairtransport services (including sales, other
thanairlines, ofpassenger charters andforwarding ofairfreight other thanbyairlines) andto
operations andregulation ofcomputer reservation system (CRS) services.
(b) Road Transport Discretion tolimittheissuance oftrucking licences topersons from contiguous countries onthe
basis ofreciprocity.
(c) Pipeline Transport Aliens andforeign corporations maynotacquire rights-of-way foroilorgaspipelines etc.across
on-shore federal lands, oracquire leases orinterests incertain minerals suchascoaloroilonon-
shore federal lands. Non-U.S. citizens mayowna100percentinterest inadomestic corporation
thatacquires aright-of-way foroilorgaspipelines across on-shore federal lands, orthatacquires
alease todevelop mineral resources onon-shore federal lands, unless theforeign investors 'home
country denies suchprivileges toU.S. citizens orcorporations.
(d) Space Transportation Quantitative restrictions andprice disciplines incertain bilateral agreements onthelaunch of
satellites intheinternational commercial space launch market