# This file is part of the MapProxy project.
# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Omniscale <http://omniscale.de>
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""
Configuration loading and system initializing.
"""
from __future__ import with_statement, division

import os
import sys
import hashlib
import warnings
from copy import deepcopy, copy
from functools import partial

import logging
log = logging.getLogger('mapproxy.config')

from mapproxy.config import load_default_config, finish_base_config
from mapproxy.config.spec import validate_mapproxy_conf
from mapproxy.util.py import memoize
from mapproxy.util.ext.odict import odict
from mapproxy.util.yaml import load_yaml_file, YAMLError
from mapproxy.compat.modules import urlparse
from mapproxy.compat import string_type, iteritems

class ConfigurationError(Exception):
    pass

class ProxyConfiguration(object):
    def __init__(self, conf, conf_base_dir=None, seed=False, renderd=False):
        self.configuration = conf
        self.seed = seed
        self.renderd = renderd

        if conf_base_dir is None:
            conf_base_dir = os.getcwd()

        self.load_globals(conf_base_dir=conf_base_dir)
        self.load_grids()
        self.load_caches()
        self.load_sources()
        self.load_wms_root_layer()
        self.load_tile_layers()
        self.load_services()

    def load_globals(self, conf_base_dir):
        self.globals = GlobalConfiguration(conf_base_dir=conf_base_dir,
                                           conf=self.configuration.get('globals') or {},
                                           context=self)

    def load_grids(self):
        self.grids = {}

        self.grids['GLOBAL_GEODETIC'] = GridConfiguration(dict(srs='EPSG:4326', origin='sw', name='GLOBAL_GEODETIC'), context=self)
        self.grids['GLOBAL_MERCATOR'] = GridConfiguration(dict(srs='EPSG:900913', origin='sw', name='GLOBAL_MERCATOR'), context=self)
        self.grids['GLOBAL_WEBMERCATOR'] = GridConfiguration(dict(srs='EPSG:3857', origin='nw', name='GLOBAL_WEBMERCATOR'), context=self)

        for grid_name, grid_conf in iteritems((self.configuration.get('grids') or {})):
            grid_conf.setdefault('name', grid_name)
            self.grids[grid_name] = GridConfiguration(grid_conf, context=self)

    def load_caches(self):
        self.caches = odict()
        caches_conf = self.configuration.get('caches')
        if not caches_conf: return
        if isinstance(caches_conf, list):
            caches_conf = list_of_dicts_to_ordered_dict(caches_conf)
        for cache_name, cache_conf in iteritems(caches_conf):
            cache_conf['name'] = cache_name
            self.caches[cache_name] = CacheConfiguration(conf=cache_conf, context=self)

    def load_sources(self):
        self.sources = SourcesCollection()
        for source_name, source_conf in iteritems((self.configuration.get('sources') or {})):
            self.sources[source_name] = SourceConfiguration.load(conf=source_conf, context=self)

    def load_tile_layers(self):
        self.layers = odict()
        layers_conf = deepcopy(self._layers_conf_dict())
        if layers_conf is None: return
        layers = self._flatten_layers_conf_dict(layers_conf)
        for layer_name, layer_conf in iteritems(layers):
            layer_conf['name'] = layer_name
            self.layers[layer_name] = LayerConfiguration(conf=layer_conf, context=self)

    def _legacy_layers_conf_dict(self):
        """
        Read old style layer configuration with a dictionary where
        the key is the layer name. Optionally: a list an each layer
        is wrapped in such dictionary.

        ::
          layers:
            foo:
              title: xxx
              sources: []
            bar:
              title: xxx
              sources: []

        or

        ::

          layers:
            - foo:
               title: xxx
               sources: []
            - bar:
               title: xxx
               sources: []

        """
        warnings.warn('old layer configuration syntax is deprecated since 1.4.0. '
            'use list of dictionaries as documented', RuntimeWarning)
        layers = []
        layers_conf = self.configuration.get('layers')
        if not layers_conf: return None # TODO config error
        if isinstance(layers_conf, list):
            layers_conf = list_of_dicts_to_ordered_dict(layers_conf)
        for layer_name, layer_conf in iteritems(layers_conf):
            layer_conf['name'] = layer_name
            layers.append(layer_conf)
        return dict(title=None, layers=layers)


    def _layers_conf_dict(self):
        """
        Returns (recursive) layer configuration as a dictionary
        in unified structure:

        ::
            {
             title: 'xxx', # required, might be None
             name: 'xxx', # optional
             # sources or layers or both are required
             sources: [],
             layers: [
                {..., ...} # more layers like this
             ]
            }

        Multiple layers will be wrapped in an unnamed root layer, if the
        first level starts with multiple layers.
        """
        layers_conf = self.configuration.get('layers')
        if layers_conf is None: return

        if isinstance(layers_conf, list):
            if isinstance(layers_conf[0], dict) and len(layers_conf[0].keys()) == 1:
                # looks like ordered legacy config
                layers_conf = self._legacy_layers_conf_dict()
            elif len(layers_conf) == 1 and ('layers' in layers_conf[0] or 'sources' in layers_conf[0]):
                # single root layer in list -> remove list
                layers_conf = layers_conf[0]
            else:
                # layer list without root -> wrap in root layer
                layers_conf = dict(title=None, layers=layers_conf)

        if len(set(layers_conf.keys()) &
               set('layers name title sources'.split())) < 2:
            # looks like unordered legacy config
            layers_conf = self._legacy_layers_conf_dict()

        return layers_conf

    def _flatten_layers_conf_dict(self, layers_conf, _layers=None):
        """
        Returns a dictionary with all layers that have a name and sources.
        Flattens the layer tree.
        """
        layers = _layers if _layers is not None else odict()

        if 'layers' in layers_conf:
            for layer in layers_conf.pop('layers'):
                self._flatten_layers_conf_dict(layer, layers)

        if 'sources' in layers_conf and 'name' in layers_conf:
            layers[layers_conf['name']] = layers_conf

        return layers


    def load_wms_root_layer(self):
        self.wms_root_layer = None

        layers_conf = self._layers_conf_dict()
        if layers_conf is None: return
        self.wms_root_layer = WMSLayerConfiguration(layers_conf, context=self)

    def load_services(self):
        self.services = ServiceConfiguration(self.configuration.get('services', {}), context=self)

    def configured_services(self):
        with self:
            return self.services.services()

    def __enter__(self):
        # push local base_config onto config stack
        import mapproxy.config.config
        mapproxy.config.config._config.push(self.base_config)

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        # pop local base_config from config stack
        import mapproxy.config.config
        mapproxy.config.config._config.pop()

    @property
    def base_config(self):
        return self.globals.base_config

    def config_files(self):
        """
        Returns a dictionary with all configuration filenames and there timestamps.
        Contains any included files as well (see `base` option).
        """
        return self.configuration.get('__config_files__', {})

def list_of_dicts_to_ordered_dict(dictlist):
    """
    >>> d = list_of_dicts_to_ordered_dict([{'a': 1}, {'b': 2}, {'c': 3}])
    >>> list(d.items())
    [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]
    """

    result = odict()
    for d in dictlist:
        for k, v in iteritems(d):
            result[k] = v
    return result

class ConfigurationBase(object):
    """
    Base class for all configurations.
    """
    defaults = {}

    def __init__(self, conf, context):
        """
        :param conf: the configuration part for this configurator
        :param context: the complete proxy configuration
        :type context: ProxyConfiguration
        """
        self.conf = conf
        self.context = context
        for k, v in iteritems(self.defaults):
            if k not in self.conf:
                self.conf[k] = v

class GridConfiguration(ConfigurationBase):
    @memoize
    def tile_grid(self):
        from mapproxy.grid import tile_grid

        if 'base' in self.conf:
            base_grid_name = self.conf['base']
            if not base_grid_name in self.context.grids:
                raise ConfigurationError('unknown base %s for grid %s' % (base_grid_name, self.conf['name']))
            conf = self.context.grids[base_grid_name].conf.copy()
            conf.update(self.conf)
            conf.pop('base')
            self.conf = conf
        else:
            conf = self.conf
        align_with = None
        if 'align_resolutions_with' in self.conf:
            align_with_grid_name = self.conf['align_resolutions_with']
            align_with = self.context.grids[align_with_grid_name].tile_grid()

        tile_size = self.context.globals.get_value('tile_size', conf,
            global_key='grid.tile_size')
        conf['tile_size'] = tuple(tile_size)
        tile_size = tuple(tile_size)

        stretch_factor = self.context.globals.get_value('stretch_factor', conf,
            global_key='image.stretch_factor')
        max_shrink_factor = self.context.globals.get_value('max_shrink_factor', conf,
            global_key='image.max_shrink_factor')

        if conf.get('origin') is None:
            log.warn('grid %s does not have an origin. default origin will change from sw (south/west) to nw (north-west) with MapProxy 2.0',
                conf['name'],
            )

        grid = tile_grid(
            name=conf['name'],
            srs=conf.get('srs'),
            tile_size=tile_size,
            min_res=conf.get('min_res'),
            max_res=conf.get('max_res'),
            res=conf.get('res'),
            res_factor=conf.get('res_factor', 2.0),
            threshold_res=conf.get('threshold_res'),
            bbox=conf.get('bbox'),
            bbox_srs=conf.get('bbox_srs'),
            num_levels=conf.get('num_levels'),
            stretch_factor=stretch_factor,
            max_shrink_factor=max_shrink_factor,
            align_with=align_with,
            origin=conf.get('origin')
        )

        return grid


class GlobalConfiguration(ConfigurationBase):
    def __init__(self, conf_base_dir, conf, context):
        ConfigurationBase.__init__(self, conf, context)
        self.base_config = load_default_config()
        self._copy_conf_values(self.conf, self.base_config)
        self.base_config.conf_base_dir = conf_base_dir
        finish_base_config(self.base_config)

        self.image_options = ImageOptionsConfiguration(self.conf.get('image', {}), context)
        self.renderd_address = self.get_value('renderd.address')

    def _copy_conf_values(self, d, target):
        for k, v in iteritems(d):
            if v is None: continue
            if (hasattr(v, 'iteritems') or hasattr(v, 'items')) and k in target:
                self._copy_conf_values(v, target[k])
            else:
                target[k] = v

    def get_value(self, key, local={}, global_key=None, default_key=None):
        result = dotted_dict_get(key, local)
        if result is None:
            result = dotted_dict_get(global_key or key, self.conf)

        if result is None:
            result = dotted_dict_get(default_key or global_key or key, self.base_config)

        return result

    def get_path(self, key, local, global_key=None, default_key=None):
        value = self.get_value(key, local, global_key, default_key)
        if value is not None:
            value = self.abspath(value)
        return value

    def abspath(self, path):
        return os.path.join(self.base_config.conf_base_dir, path)



default_image_options = {
}

class ImageOptionsConfiguration(ConfigurationBase):
    def __init__(self, conf, context):
        ConfigurationBase.__init__(self, conf, context)
        self._init_formats()

    def _init_formats(self):
        self.formats = {}

        formats_config = default_image_options.copy()
        for format, conf in iteritems(self.conf.get('formats', {})):
            if format in formats_config:
                tmp = formats_config[format].copy()
                tmp.update(conf)
                conf = tmp
            if 'resampling_method' in conf:
                conf['resampling'] = conf.pop('resampling_method')
            if 'encoding_options' in conf:
                self._check_encoding_options(conf['encoding_options'])
            if 'merge_method' in conf:
                warnings.warn('merge_method now defaults to composite. option no longer required',
                    DeprecationWarning)
            formats_config[format] = conf
        for format, conf in iteritems(formats_config):
            if 'format' not in conf and format.startswith('image/'):
                conf['format'] = format
            self.formats[format] = conf

    def _check_encoding_options(self, options):
        if not options:
            return
        options = options.copy()
        jpeg_quality = options.pop('jpeg_quality', None)
        if jpeg_quality and not isinstance(jpeg_quality, int):
            raise ConfigurationError('jpeg_quality is not an integer')
        quantizer = options.pop('quantizer', None)
        if quantizer and quantizer not in ('fastoctree', 'mediancut'):
            raise ConfigurationError('unknown quantizer')

        if options:
            raise ConfigurationError('unknown encoding_options: %r' % options)

    def image_opts(self, image_conf, format):
        from mapproxy.image.opts import ImageOptions
        if not image_conf:
            image_conf = {}

        conf = {}
        if format in self.formats:
            conf = self.formats[format].copy()

        resampling = image_conf.get('resampling_method') or conf.get('resampling')
        if resampling is None:
            resampling = self.context.globals.get_value('image.resampling_method', {})
        transparent = image_conf.get('transparent')
        opacity = image_conf.get('opacity')
        img_format = image_conf.get('format')
        colors = image_conf.get('colors')
        mode = image_conf.get('mode')
        encoding_options = image_conf.get('encoding_options')
        if 'merge_method' in image_conf:
            warnings.warn('merge_method now defaults to composite. option no longer required',
                DeprecationWarning)

        self._check_encoding_options(encoding_options)

        # only overwrite default if it is not None
        for k, v in iteritems(dict(transparent=transparent, opacity=opacity, resampling=resampling,
            format=img_format, colors=colors, mode=mode, encoding_options=encoding_options,
        )):
            if v is not None:
                conf[k] = v

        if 'format' not in conf and format and format.startswith('image/'):
            conf['format'] = format

        # caches shall be able to store png and jpeg tiles with mixed format
        if format == 'mixed':
            conf['format'] = format

        # force 256 colors for image.paletted for backwards compat
        paletted = self.context.globals.get_value('image.paletted', self.conf)
        if conf.get('colors') is None and 'png' in conf.get('format', '') and paletted:
            conf['colors'] = 256

        opts = ImageOptions(**conf)
        return opts


def dotted_dict_get(key, d):
    """
    >>> dotted_dict_get('foo', {'foo': {'bar': 1}})
    {'bar': 1}
    >>> dotted_dict_get('foo.bar', {'foo': {'bar': 1}})
    1
    >>> dotted_dict_get('bar', {'foo': {'bar': 1}})
    """
    parts = key.split('.')
    try:
        while parts and d:
            d = d[parts.pop(0)]
    except KeyError:
        return None
    if parts: # not completely resolved
        return None
    return d


class SourcesCollection(dict):
    """
    Collection of SourceConfigurations.
    Allows access to tagged WMS sources, e.g.
    ``sc['source_name:lyr,lyr2']`` will return the source with ``source_name``
    and set ``req.layers`` to ``lyr1,lyr2``.
    """
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        layers = None
        source_name = key
        if ':' in source_name:
            source_name, layers = source_name.split(':', 1)
        source = dict.__getitem__(self, source_name)
        if not layers:
            return source

        if source.conf.get('type') not in ('wms', 'mapserver', 'mapnik'):
            raise ConfigurationError("found ':' in: '%s'."
                " tagged sources only supported for WMS/Mapserver/Mapnik" % key)

        uses_req = source.conf.get('type') != 'mapnik'

        source = copy(source)
        source.conf = deepcopy(source.conf)

        if uses_req:
            supported_layers = source.conf['req'].get('layers', [])
        else:
            supported_layers = source.conf.get('layers', [])
        supported_layer_set = SourcesCollection.layer_set(supported_layers)
        layer_set = SourcesCollection.layer_set(layers)

        if supported_layer_set and not layer_set.issubset(supported_layer_set):
            raise ConfigurationError('layers (%s) not supported by source (%s)' % (
                layers, ','.join(supported_layer_set)))

        if uses_req:
            source.conf['req']['layers'] = layers
        else:
            source.conf['layers'] = layers

        return source

    def __contains__(self, key):
        source_name = key
        if ':' in source_name:
            source_name, _ = source_name.split(':', 1)
        return dict.__contains__(self, source_name)

    @staticmethod
    def layer_set(layers):
        if isinstance(layers, (list, tuple)):
            return set(layers)
        return set(layers.split(','))


class SourceConfiguration(ConfigurationBase):

    supports_meta_tiles = True

    @classmethod
    def load(cls, conf, context):
        source_type = conf['type']

        subclass = source_configuration_types.get(source_type)
        if not subclass:
            raise ConfigurationError("unknown source type '%s'" % source_type)

        return subclass(conf, context)

    @memoize
    def coverage(self):
        if not 'coverage' in self.conf: return None
        from mapproxy.config.coverage import load_coverage
        return load_coverage(self.conf['coverage'])

    def image_opts(self, format=None):
        if 'transparent' in self.conf:
            self.conf.setdefault('image', {})['transparent'] = self.conf['transparent']
        return self.context.globals.image_options.image_opts(self.conf.get('image', {}), format)

    def http_client(self, url):
        from mapproxy.client.http import auth_data_from_url, HTTPClient

        http_client = None
        url, (username, password) = auth_data_from_url(url)
        insecure = ssl_ca_certs = None
        if 'https' in url:
            insecure = self.context.globals.get_value('http.ssl_no_cert_checks', self.conf)
            ssl_ca_certs = self.context.globals.get_path('http.ssl_ca_certs', self.conf)

        timeout = self.context.globals.get_value('http.client_timeout', self.conf)
        headers = self.context.globals.get_value('http.headers', self.conf)

        http_client = HTTPClient(url, username, password, insecure=insecure,
                                 ssl_ca_certs=ssl_ca_certs, timeout=timeout,
                                 headers=headers)
        return http_client, url

    @memoize
    def on_error_handler(self):
        if not 'on_error' in self.conf: return None
        from mapproxy.source.error import HTTPSourceErrorHandler

        error_handler = HTTPSourceErrorHandler()
        for status_code, response_conf in iteritems(self.conf['on_error']):
            if not isinstance(status_code, int) and status_code != 'other':
                raise ConfigurationError("invalid error code %r in on_error", status_code)
            cacheable = response_conf.get('cache', False)
            color = response_conf.get('response', 'transparent')
            if color == 'transparent':
                color = (255, 255, 255, 0)
            else:
                color = parse_color(color)
            error_handler.add_handler(status_code, color, cacheable)

        return error_handler

def resolution_range(conf):
    from mapproxy.grid import resolution_range as _resolution_range
    if 'min_res' in conf or 'max_res' in conf:
        return _resolution_range(min_res=conf.get('min_res'),
                                max_res=conf.get('max_res'))
    if 'min_scale' in conf or 'max_scale' in conf:
        return _resolution_range(min_scale=conf.get('min_scale'),
                                max_scale=conf.get('max_scale'))


class WMSSourceConfiguration(SourceConfiguration):
    source_type = ('wms',)

    @staticmethod
    def static_legend_source(url, context):
        from mapproxy.cache.legend import LegendCache
        from mapproxy.client.wms import WMSLegendURLClient
        from mapproxy.source.wms import WMSLegendSource

        cache_dir = os.path.join(context.globals.get_path('cache.base_dir', {}),
                                 'legends')
        if url.startswith('file://') and not url.startswith('file:///'):
            prefix = 'file://'
            url = prefix + context.globals.abspath(url[7:])
        lg_client = WMSLegendURLClient(url)
        legend_cache = LegendCache(cache_dir=cache_dir)
        return WMSLegendSource([lg_client], legend_cache, static=True)

    def fi_xslt_transformer(self, conf, context):
        from mapproxy.featureinfo import XSLTransformer, has_xslt_support
        fi_transformer = None
        fi_xslt = conf.get('featureinfo_xslt')
        if fi_xslt:
            if not has_xslt_support:
                raise ValueError('featureinfo_xslt requires lxml. Please install.')
            fi_xslt = context.globals.abspath(fi_xslt)
            fi_transformer = XSLTransformer(fi_xslt)
        return fi_transformer

    def image_opts(self, format=None):
        if 'transparent' not in (self.conf.get('image') or {}):
            transparent = self.conf['req'].get('transparent')
            if transparent is not None:
                transparent = bool(str(transparent).lower() == 'true')
                self.conf.setdefault('image', {})['transparent'] = transparent
        return SourceConfiguration.image_opts(self, format=format)

    def source(self, params=None):
        from mapproxy.client.wms import WMSClient
        from mapproxy.request.wms import create_request
        from mapproxy.source.wms import WMSSource
        from mapproxy.srs import SRS

        if not self.conf.get('wms_opts', {}).get('map', True):
            return None

        if not self.context.seed and self.conf.get('seed_only'):
            from mapproxy.source import DummySource
            return DummySource(coverage=self.coverage())

        if params is None: params = {}

        request_format = self.conf['req'].get('format')
        if request_format:
            params['format'] = request_format

        image_opts = self.image_opts(format=params.get('format'))

        supported_srs = [SRS(code) for code in self.conf.get('supported_srs', [])]
        supported_formats = [file_ext(f) for f in self.conf.get('supported_formats', [])]
        version = self.conf.get('wms_opts', {}).get('version', '1.1.1')

        lock = None
        concurrent_requests = self.context.globals.get_value('concurrent_requests', self.conf,
                                                        global_key='http.concurrent_requests')
        if concurrent_requests:
            from mapproxy.util.lock import SemLock
            lock_dir = self.context.globals.get_path('cache.lock_dir', self.conf)
            lock_timeout = self.context.globals.get_value('http.client_timeout', self.conf)
            url = urlparse.urlparse(self.conf['req']['url'])
            md5 = hashlib.md5(url.netloc.encode('ascii'))
            lock_file = os.path.join(lock_dir, md5.hexdigest() + '.lck')
            lock = lambda: SemLock(lock_file, concurrent_requests, timeout=lock_timeout)

        coverage = self.coverage()
        res_range = resolution_range(self.conf)

        transparent_color = (self.conf.get('image') or {}).get('transparent_color')
        transparent_color_tolerance = self.context.globals.get_value(
            'image.transparent_color_tolerance', self.conf)
        if transparent_color:
            transparent_color = parse_color(transparent_color)

        http_method = self.context.globals.get_value('http.method', self.conf)

        fwd_req_params = set(self.conf.get('forward_req_params', []))

        request = create_request(self.conf['req'], params, version=version,
            abspath=self.context.globals.abspath)
        http_client, request.url = self.http_client(request.url)
        client = WMSClient(request, http_client=http_client,
                           http_method=http_method, lock=lock,
                           fwd_req_params=fwd_req_params)
        return WMSSource(client, image_opts=image_opts, coverage=coverage,
                         res_range=res_range, transparent_color=transparent_color,
                         transparent_color_tolerance=transparent_color_tolerance,
                         supported_srs=supported_srs,
                         supported_formats=supported_formats or None,
                         fwd_req_params=fwd_req_params)

    def fi_source(self, params=None):
        from mapproxy.client.wms import WMSInfoClient
        from mapproxy.request.wms import create_request
        from mapproxy.source.wms import WMSInfoSource
        from mapproxy.srs import SRS

        if params is None: params = {}
        request_format = self.conf['req'].get('format')
        if request_format:
            params['format'] = request_format
        supported_srs = [SRS(code) for code in self.conf.get('supported_srs', [])]
        fi_source = None
        if self.conf.get('wms_opts', {}).get('featureinfo', False):
            wms_opts = self.conf['wms_opts']
            version = wms_opts.get('version', '1.1.1')
            if 'featureinfo_format' in wms_opts:
                params['info_format'] = wms_opts['featureinfo_format']
            fi_request = create_request(self.conf['req'], params,
                req_type='featureinfo', version=version,
                abspath=self.context.globals.abspath)

            fi_transformer = self.fi_xslt_transformer(self.conf.get('wms_opts', {}),
                                                     self.context)

            http_client, fi_request.url = self.http_client(fi_request.url)
            fi_client = WMSInfoClient(fi_request, supported_srs=supported_srs,
                                      http_client=http_client)
            fi_source = WMSInfoSource(fi_client, fi_transformer=fi_transformer)
        return fi_source

    def lg_source(self, params=None):
        from mapproxy.cache.legend import LegendCache
        from mapproxy.client.wms import WMSLegendClient
        from mapproxy.request.wms import create_request
        from mapproxy.source.wms import WMSLegendSource

        if params is None: params = {}
        request_format = self.conf['req'].get('format')
        if request_format:
            params['format'] = request_format
        lg_source = None
        cache_dir = os.path.join(self.context.globals.get_path('cache.base_dir', {}),
                                 'legends')

        if self.conf.get('wms_opts', {}).get('legendurl', False):
            lg_url = self.conf.get('wms_opts', {}).get('legendurl')
            lg_source = WMSSourceConfiguration.static_legend_source(lg_url, self.context)
        elif self.conf.get('wms_opts', {}).get('legendgraphic', False):
            version = self.conf.get('wms_opts', {}).get('version', '1.1.1')
            lg_req = self.conf['req'].copy()
            lg_clients = []
            lg_layers = str(lg_req['layers']).split(',')
            del lg_req['layers']
            for lg_layer in lg_layers:
                lg_req['layer'] = lg_layer
                lg_request = create_request(lg_req, params,
                    req_type='legendgraphic', version=version,
                    abspath=self.context.globals.abspath)
                http_client, lg_request.url = self.http_client(lg_request.url)
                lg_client = WMSLegendClient(lg_request, http_client=http_client)
                lg_clients.append(lg_client)
            legend_cache = LegendCache(cache_dir=cache_dir)
            lg_source = WMSLegendSource(lg_clients, legend_cache)
        return lg_source


class MapServerSourceConfiguration(WMSSourceConfiguration):
    source_type = ('mapserver',)

    def __init__(self, conf, context):
        WMSSourceConfiguration.__init__(self, conf, context)
        self.script = self.context.globals.get_path('mapserver.binary',
            self.conf)
        if not self.script or not os.path.isfile(self.script):
            raise ConfigurationError('could not find mapserver binary (%r)' %
                (self.script, ))

        # set url to dummy script name, required as identifier
        # for concurrent_request
        self.conf['req']['url'] = 'http://localhost' + self.script

        mapfile = self.context.globals.abspath(self.conf['req']['map'])
        self.conf['req']['map'] = mapfile

    def http_client(self, url):
        working_dir = self.context.globals.get_path('mapserver.working_dir', self.conf)
        if working_dir and not os.path.isdir(working_dir):
            raise ConfigurationError('could not find mapserver working_dir (%r)' % (working_dir, ))

        from mapproxy.client.cgi import CGIClient
        client = CGIClient(script=self.script, working_directory=working_dir)
        return client, url


class MapnikSourceConfiguration(SourceConfiguration):
    source_type = ('mapnik',)

    def source(self, params=None):
        if not self.context.seed and self.conf.get('seed_only'):
            from mapproxy.source import DummySource
            return DummySource(coverage=self.coverage())

        image_opts = self.image_opts()

        lock = None
        concurrent_requests = self.context.globals.get_value('concurrent_requests', self.conf,
                                                        global_key='http.concurrent_requests')
        if concurrent_requests:
            from mapproxy.util.lock import SemLock
            lock_dir = self.context.globals.get_path('cache.lock_dir', self.conf)
            md5 = hashlib.md5(self.conf['mapfile'])
            lock_file = os.path.join(lock_dir, md5.hexdigest() + '.lck')
            lock = lambda: SemLock(lock_file, concurrent_requests)

        coverage = self.coverage()
        res_range = resolution_range(self.conf)

        scale_factor = self.conf.get('scale_factor', None)

        layers = self.conf.get('layers', None)
        if isinstance(layers, string_type):
            layers = layers.split(',')

        mapfile = self.context.globals.abspath(self.conf['mapfile'])

        if self.conf.get('use_mapnik2', False):
            warnings.warn('use_mapnik2 option is no longer needed for Mapnik 2 support',
                DeprecationWarning)

        from mapproxy.source.mapnik import MapnikSource, mapnik as mapnik_api
        if mapnik_api is None:
            raise ConfigurationError('Could not import Mapnik, please verify it is installed!')

        if self.context.renderd:
            # only renderd guarantees that we have a single proc/thread
            # that accesses the same mapnik map object
            reuse_map_objects = True
        else:
            reuse_map_objects = False

        return MapnikSource(mapfile, layers=layers, image_opts=image_opts,
            coverage=coverage, res_range=res_range, lock=lock,
            reuse_map_objects=reuse_map_objects, scale_factor=scale_factor)

class TileSourceConfiguration(SourceConfiguration):
    supports_meta_tiles = False
    source_type = ('tile',)
    defaults = {}

    def source(self, params=None):
        from mapproxy.client.tile import TileClient, TileURLTemplate
        from mapproxy.source.tile import TiledSource

        if not self.context.seed and self.conf.get('seed_only'):
            from mapproxy.source import DummySource
            return DummySource(coverage=self.coverage())

        if params is None: params = {}

        url = self.conf['url']

        if self.conf.get('origin'):
            warnings.warn('origin for tile sources is deprecated since 1.3.0 '
            'and will be ignored. use grid with correct origin.', RuntimeWarning)

        http_client, url = self.http_client(url)

        grid_name = self.conf.get('grid')
        if grid_name is None:
            log.warn("tile source for %s does not have a grid configured and defaults to GLOBAL_MERCATOR. default will change with MapProxy 2.0", url)
            grid_name = "GLOBAL_MERCATOR"

        grid = self.context.grids[grid_name].tile_grid()
        coverage = self.coverage()
        res_range = resolution_range(self.conf)

        image_opts = self.image_opts()
        error_handler = self.on_error_handler()

        format = file_ext(params['format'])
        client = TileClient(TileURLTemplate(url, format=format), http_client=http_client, grid=grid)
        return TiledSource(grid, client, coverage=coverage, image_opts=image_opts,
            error_handler=error_handler, res_range=res_range)


def file_ext(mimetype):
    from mapproxy.request.base import split_mime_type
    _mime_class, format, _options = split_mime_type(mimetype)
    return format

class DebugSourceConfiguration(SourceConfiguration):
    source_type = ('debug',)
    required_keys = set('type'.split())

    def source(self, params=None):
        from mapproxy.source import DebugSource
        return DebugSource()


source_configuration_types = {
    'wms': WMSSourceConfiguration,
    'tile': TileSourceConfiguration,
    'debug': DebugSourceConfiguration,
    'mapserver': MapServerSourceConfiguration,
    'mapnik': MapnikSourceConfiguration,
}


class CacheConfiguration(ConfigurationBase):
    defaults = {'format': 'image/png'}

    @memoize
    def cache_dir(self):
        cache_dir = self.conf.get('cache', {}).get('directory')
        if cache_dir:
            if self.conf.get('cache_dir'):
                log.warn('found cache.directory and cache_dir option for %s, ignoring cache_dir',
                self.conf['name'])
            return self.context.globals.abspath(cache_dir)

        return self.context.globals.get_path('cache_dir', self.conf,
            global_key='cache.base_dir')

    def lock_dir(self):
        lock_dir = self.context.globals.get_path('cache.tile_lock_dir', self.conf)
        if not lock_dir:
            lock_dir = os.path.join(self.cache_dir(), 'tile_locks')
        return lock_dir

    def _file_cache(self, grid_conf, file_ext):
        from mapproxy.cache.file import FileCache

        cache_dir = self.cache_dir()
        directory_layout = self.conf.get('cache', {}).get('directory_layout', 'tc')
        if self.conf.get('cache', {}).get('directory'):
            pass
        elif self.conf.get('cache', {}).get('use_grid_names'):
            cache_dir = os.path.join(cache_dir, self.conf['name'], grid_conf.tile_grid().name)
        else:
            suffix = grid_conf.conf['srs'].replace(':', '')
            cache_dir = os.path.join(cache_dir, self.conf['name'] + '_' + suffix)
        link_single_color_images = self.context.globals.get_value('link_single_color_images', self.conf,
            global_key='cache.link_single_color_images')

        if link_single_color_images and sys.platform == 'win32':
            log.warn('link_single_color_images not supported on windows')
            link_single_color_images = False

        lock_timeout = self.context.globals.get_value('http.client_timeout', {})

        return FileCache(
            cache_dir,
            lock_dir=self.lock_dir(),
            file_ext=file_ext,
            directory_layout=directory_layout,
            lock_timeout=lock_timeout,
            link_single_color_images=link_single_color_images,
        )

    def _mbtiles_cache(self, grid_conf, file_ext):
        from mapproxy.cache.mbtiles import MBTilesCache

        filename = self.conf['cache'].get('filename')
        if not filename:
            filename = self.conf['name'] + '.mbtiles'

        if filename.startswith('.' + os.sep):
            mbfile_path = self.context.globals.abspath(filename)
        else:
            mbfile_path = os.path.join(self.cache_dir(), filename)

        return MBTilesCache(
            mbfile_path,
        )

    def _sqlite_cache(self, grid_conf, file_ext):
        from mapproxy.cache.mbtiles import MBTilesLevelCache

        cache_dir = self.conf.get('cache', {}).get('directory')
        if cache_dir:
            cache_dir = os.path.join(
                self.context.globals.abspath(cache_dir),
                grid_conf.tile_grid().name
            )
        else:
            cache_dir = self.cache_dir()
            cache_dir = os.path.join(
                cache_dir,
                self.conf['name'],
                grid_conf.tile_grid().name
            )

        return MBTilesLevelCache(
            cache_dir,
        )

    def _couchdb_cache(self, grid_conf, file_ext):
        from mapproxy.cache.couchdb import CouchDBCache, CouchDBMDTemplate

        db_name = self.conf['cache'].get('db_name')
        if not db_name:
            suffix = grid_conf.conf['srs'].replace(':', '')
            db_name = self.conf['name'] + '_' + suffix

        url = self.conf['cache'].get('url')
        if not url:
            url = 'http://127.0.0.1:5984'

        md_template = CouchDBMDTemplate(self.conf['cache'].get('tile_metadata', {}))
        tile_id = self.conf['cache'].get('tile_id')

        return CouchDBCache(url=url, db_name=db_name,
            lock_dir=self.lock_dir(), file_ext=file_ext, tile_grid=grid_conf.tile_grid(),
            md_template=md_template, tile_id_template=tile_id)

    def _riak_cache(self, grid_conf, file_ext):
        from mapproxy.cache.riak import RiakCache

        default_ports = self.conf['cache'].get('default_ports', {})
        default_pb_port = default_ports.get('pb', 8087)
        default_http_port = default_ports.get('http', 8098)

        nodes = self.conf['cache'].get('nodes')
        if not nodes:
            nodes = [{'host': '127.0.0.1'}]

        for n in nodes:
            if 'pb_port' not in n:
                n['pb_port'] = default_pb_port
            if 'http_port' not in n:
                n['http_port'] = default_http_port

        protocol = self.conf['cache'].get('protocol', 'pbc')
        bucket = self.conf['cache'].get('bucket')
        if not bucket:
            suffix = grid_conf.tile_grid().name
            bucket = self.conf['name'] + '_' + suffix

        use_secondary_index = self.conf['cache'].get('secondary_index', False)

        return RiakCache(nodes=nodes, protocol=protocol, bucket=bucket,
            tile_grid=grid_conf.tile_grid(),
            lock_dir=self.lock_dir(),
            use_secondary_index=use_secondary_index,
        )

    def _tile_cache(self, grid_conf, file_ext):
        if self.conf.get('disable_storage', False):
            from mapproxy.cache.dummy import DummyCache
            return DummyCache()

        grid_conf.tile_grid() #create to resolve `base` in grid_conf.conf
        cache_type = self.conf.get('cache', {}).get('type', 'file')
        return getattr(self, '_%s_cache' % cache_type)(grid_conf, file_ext)

    def _tile_filter(self):
        filters = []
        if 'watermark' in self.conf:
            from mapproxy.tilefilter import create_watermark_filter
            if self.conf['watermark'].get('color'):
                self.conf['watermark']['color'] = parse_color(self.conf['watermark']['color'])
            f = create_watermark_filter(self.conf, self.context)
            if f:
                filters.append(f)
        return filters

    @memoize
    def image_opts(self):
        from mapproxy.image.opts import ImageFormat

        format = None
        if 'format' not in self.conf.get('image', {}):
            format = self.conf.get('format') or self.conf.get('request_format')
        image_opts = self.context.globals.image_options.image_opts(self.conf.get('image', {}), format)
        if image_opts.format is None:
            if format is not None and format.startswith('image/'):
                image_opts.format = ImageFormat(format)
            else:
                image_opts.format = ImageFormat('image/png')
        return image_opts

    def supports_tiled_only_access(self, params=None, tile_grid=None):
        caches = self.caches()
        if len(caches) > 1:
            return False

        cache_grid, extent, tile_manager = caches[0]
        image_opts = self.image_opts()

        if (tile_grid.is_subset_of(cache_grid)
            and params.get('format') == image_opts.format):
            return True

        return False

    def source(self, params=None, tile_grid=None, tiled_only=False):
        from mapproxy.source.tile import CacheSource
        from mapproxy.layer import map_extent_from_grid

        caches = self.caches()
        if len(caches) > 1:
            # cache with multiple grids/sources
            source = self.map_layer()
            source.supports_meta_tiles = True
            return source

        cache_grid, extent, tile_manager = caches[0]
        image_opts = self.image_opts()

        cache_extent = map_extent_from_grid(tile_grid)
        cache_extent = extent.intersection(cache_extent)

        source = CacheSource(tile_manager, extent=cache_extent,
            image_opts=image_opts, tiled_only=tiled_only)
        return source

    @memoize
    def caches(self):
        from mapproxy.cache.dummy import DummyCache, DummyLocker
        from mapproxy.cache.tile import TileManager
        from mapproxy.cache.base import TileLocker
        from mapproxy.image.opts import compatible_image_options
        from mapproxy.layer import map_extent_from_grid, merge_layer_extents

        base_image_opts = self.image_opts()
        if self.conf.get('format') == 'mixed' and not self.conf.get('request_format') == 'image/png':
            raise ConfigurationError('request_format must be set to image/png if mixed mode is enabled')
        request_format = self.conf.get('request_format') or self.conf.get('format')
        if '/' in request_format:
            request_format_ext = request_format.split('/', 1)[1]
        else:
            request_format_ext = request_format

        caches = []

        meta_buffer = self.context.globals.get_value('meta_buffer', self.conf,
            global_key='cache.meta_buffer')
        meta_size = self.context.globals.get_value('meta_size', self.conf,
            global_key='cache.meta_size')
        minimize_meta_requests = self.context.globals.get_value('minimize_meta_requests', self.conf,
            global_key='cache.minimize_meta_requests')
        concurrent_tile_creators = self.context.globals.get_value('concurrent_tile_creators', self.conf,
            global_key='cache.concurrent_tile_creators')

        renderd_address = self.context.globals.get_value('renderd.address', self.conf)

        for grid_name, grid_conf in self.grid_confs():
            sources = []
            source_image_opts = []

            # a cache can directly access source tiles when _all_ sources are caches too
            # and when they have compatible grids by using tiled_only on the CacheSource
            # check if all sources support tiled_only
            tiled_only = True
            for source_name in self.conf['sources']:
                if source_name in self.context.sources:
                    tiled_only = False
                    break
                elif source_name in self.context.caches:
                    cache_conf = self.context.caches[source_name]
                    tiled_only = cache_conf.supports_tiled_only_access(
                        params={'format': request_format},
                        tile_grid=grid_conf.tile_grid(),
                    )
                    if not tiled_only:
                        break

            for source_name in self.conf['sources']:
                if source_name in self.context.sources:
                    source_conf = self.context.sources[source_name]
                    source = source_conf.source({'format': request_format})
                elif source_name in self.context.caches:
                    cache_conf = self.context.caches[source_name]
                    source = cache_conf.source(
                        params={'format': request_format},
                        tile_grid=grid_conf.tile_grid(),
                        tiled_only=tiled_only,
                    )
                else:
                    raise ConfigurationError('unknown source %s' % source_name)
                if source:
                    sources.append(source)
                    source_image_opts.append(source.image_opts)
            if not sources:
                from mapproxy.source import DummySource
                sources = [DummySource()]
                source_image_opts.append(sources[0].image_opts)
            tile_grid = grid_conf.tile_grid()
            tile_filter = self._tile_filter()
            image_opts = compatible_image_options(source_image_opts, base_opts=base_image_opts)
            cache = self._tile_cache(grid_conf, image_opts.format.ext)
            identifier = self.conf['name'] + '_' + tile_grid.name

            tile_creator_class = None

            use_renderd = bool(renderd_address)
            if self.context.renderd:
                # we _are_ renderd
                use_renderd = False
            if self.conf.get('disable_storage', False):
                # can't ask renderd to create tiles that shouldn't be cached
                use_renderd = False

            if use_renderd:
                from mapproxy.cache.renderd import RenderdTileCreator, has_renderd_support
                if not has_renderd_support():
                    raise ConfigurationError("renderd requires Python >=2.6 and requests")
                if self.context.seed:
                    priority = 10
                else:
                    priority = 100

                cache_dir = self.cache_dir()

                lock_dir = self.context.globals.get_value('cache.tile_lock_dir')
                if not lock_dir:
                    lock_dir = os.path.join(cache_dir, 'tile_locks')

                lock_timeout = self.context.globals.get_value('http.client_timeout', {})
                locker = TileLocker(lock_dir, lock_timeout, identifier + '_renderd')
                tile_creator_class = partial(RenderdTileCreator, renderd_address,
                    priority=priority, tile_locker=locker)

            if isinstance(cache, DummyCache):
                locker = DummyLocker()
            else:
                locker = TileLocker(
                        lock_dir=self.lock_dir(),
                        lock_timeout=self.context.globals.get_value('http.client_timeout', {}),
                        lock_cache_id=cache.lock_cache_id,
                )
            mgr = TileManager(tile_grid, cache, sources, image_opts.format.ext,
                locker=locker,
                image_opts=image_opts, identifier=identifier,
                request_format=request_format_ext,
                meta_size=meta_size, meta_buffer=meta_buffer,
                minimize_meta_requests=minimize_meta_requests,
                concurrent_tile_creators=concurrent_tile_creators,
                pre_store_filter=tile_filter,
                tile_creator_class=tile_creator_class)
            extent = merge_layer_extents(sources)
            if extent.is_default:
                extent = map_extent_from_grid(tile_grid)
            caches.append((tile_grid, extent, mgr))
        return caches

    @memoize
    def grid_confs(self):
        grid_names = self.conf.get('grids')
        if grid_names is None:
            log.warn('cache %s does not have any grids. default will change from [GLOBAL_MERCATOR] to [GLOBAL_WEBMERCATOR] with MapProxy 2.0',
                self.conf['name'])
            grid_names = ['GLOBAL_MERCATOR']
        return [(g, self.context.grids[g]) for g in grid_names]

    @memoize
    def map_layer(self):
        from mapproxy.layer import CacheMapLayer, SRSConditional, ResolutionConditional

        image_opts = self.image_opts()
        max_tile_limit = self.context.globals.get_value('max_tile_limit', self.conf,
            global_key='cache.max_tile_limit')
        caches = []
        main_grid = None
        for grid, extent, tile_manager in self.caches():
            if main_grid is None:
                main_grid = grid
            caches.append((CacheMapLayer(tile_manager, extent=extent, image_opts=image_opts,
                                         max_tile_limit=max_tile_limit),
                          (grid.srs,)))

        if len(caches) == 1:
            layer = caches[0][0]
        else:
            layer = SRSConditional(caches, caches[0][0].extent, caches[0][0].transparent, opacity=image_opts.opacity)

        if 'use_direct_from_level' in self.conf:
            self.conf['use_direct_from_res'] = main_grid.resolution(self.conf['use_direct_from_level'])
        if 'use_direct_from_res' in self.conf:
            if len(self.conf['sources']) != 1:
                raise ValueError('use_direct_from_level/res only supports single sources')
            source_conf = self.context.sources[self.conf['sources'][0]]
            layer = ResolutionConditional(layer, source_conf.source(), self.conf['use_direct_from_res'],
                                          main_grid.srs, layer.extent, opacity=image_opts.opacity)
        return layer


class WMSLayerConfiguration(ConfigurationBase):
    @memoize
    def wms_layer(self):
        from mapproxy.service.wms import WMSGroupLayer

        layers = []
        this_layer = None

        if 'layers' in self.conf:
            layers_conf = self.conf['layers']
            for layer_conf in layers_conf:
                layers.append(WMSLayerConfiguration(layer_conf, self.context).wms_layer())

        if 'sources' in self.conf or 'legendurl' in self.conf:
            this_layer = LayerConfiguration(self.conf, self.context).wms_layer()

        if not layers and not this_layer:
            raise ValueError('wms layer requires sources and/or layers')

        if not layers:
            layer = this_layer
        else:
            layer = WMSGroupLayer(name=self.conf.get('name'), title=self.conf.get('title'),
                                  this=this_layer, layers=layers, md=self.conf.get('md'))
        return layer

def cache_source_names(context, cache):
    """
    Return all sources for a cache, even if a caches uses another cache.
    """
    source_names = []
    for src in context.caches[cache].conf['sources']:
        if src in context.caches and src not in context.sources:
            source_names.extend(cache_source_names(context, src))
        else:
            source_names.append(src)

    return source_names

class LayerConfiguration(ConfigurationBase):
    @memoize
    def wms_layer(self):
        from mapproxy.service.wms import WMSLayer

        sources = []
        fi_sources = []
        lg_sources = []

        lg_sources_configured = False
        if self.conf.get('legendurl'):
            legend_url = self.conf['legendurl']
            lg_sources.append(WMSSourceConfiguration.static_legend_source(legend_url, self.context))
            lg_sources_configured = True

        for source_name in self.conf.get('sources', []):
            fi_source_names = []
            lg_source_names = []
            if source_name in self.context.caches:
                map_layer = self.context.caches[source_name].map_layer()
                fi_source_names = cache_source_names(self.context, source_name)
                lg_source_names = cache_source_names(self.context, source_name)
            elif source_name in self.context.sources:
                source_conf = self.context.sources[source_name]
                if not source_conf.supports_meta_tiles:
                    raise ConfigurationError('source "%s" of layer "%s" does not support un-tiled access'
                        % (source_name, self.conf.get('name')))
                map_layer = source_conf.source()
                fi_source_names = [source_name]
                lg_source_names = [source_name]
            else:
                raise ConfigurationError('source/cache "%s" not found' % source_name)

            if map_layer:
                sources.append(map_layer)

            for fi_source_name in fi_source_names:
                if fi_source_name not in self.context.sources: continue
                if not hasattr(self.context.sources[fi_source_name], 'fi_source'): continue
                fi_source = self.context.sources[fi_source_name].fi_source()
                if fi_source:
                    fi_sources.append(fi_source)
            if not lg_sources_configured:
                for lg_source_name in lg_source_names:
                    if lg_source_name not in self.context.sources: continue
                    if not hasattr(self.context.sources[lg_source_name], 'lg_source'): continue
                    lg_source = self.context.sources[lg_source_name].lg_source()
                    if lg_source:
                        lg_sources.append(lg_source)

        res_range = resolution_range(self.conf)

        layer = WMSLayer(self.conf.get('name'), self.conf.get('title'),
                         sources, fi_sources, lg_sources, res_range=res_range, md=self.conf.get('md'))
        return layer

    @memoize
    def dimensions(self):
        from mapproxy.layer import Dimension
        dimensions = {}

        for dimension, conf in iteritems(self.conf.get('dimensions', {})):
            values = [str(val) for val in  conf.get('values', ['default'])]
            default = conf.get('default', values[-1])
            dimensions[dimension.lower()] = Dimension(dimension, values, default=default)
        return dimensions

    @memoize
    def tile_layers(self):
        from mapproxy.service.tile import TileLayer
        from mapproxy.cache.dummy import DummyCache

        sources = []
        for source_name in self.conf.get('sources', []):
            # we only support caches for tiled access...
            if not source_name in self.context.caches:
                if source_name in self.context.sources:
                    src_conf = self.context.sources[source_name].conf
                    # but we ignore debug layers for convenience
                    if src_conf['type'] == 'debug':
                        continue
                    # and WMS layers with map: False (i.e. FeatureInfo only sources)
                    if src_conf['type'] == 'wms' and src_conf.get('wms_opts', {}).get('map', True) == False:
                        continue

                return []
            sources.append(source_name)

        if len(sources) > 1:
            return []

        dimensions = self.dimensions()

        tile_layers = []
        for cache_name in sources:
            for grid, extent, cache_source in self.context.caches[cache_name].caches():

                if dimensions and not isinstance(cache_source.cache, DummyCache):
                    # caching of dimension layers is not supported yet
                    raise ConfigurationError(
                        "caching of dimension layer (%s) is not supported yet."
                        " need to `disable_storage: true` on %s cache" % (self.conf['name'], cache_name)
                    )

                md = {}
                md['title'] = self.conf['title']
                md['name'] = self.conf['name']
                md['name_path'] = (self.conf['name'], grid.srs.srs_code.replace(':', '').upper())
                md['grid_name'] = grid.name
                md['name_internal'] = md['name_path'][0] + '_' + md['name_path'][1]
                md['format'] = self.context.caches[cache_name].image_opts().format
                md['cache_name'] = cache_name
                md['extent'] = extent
                tile_layers.append(TileLayer(self.conf['name'], self.conf['title'],
                                             md, cache_source, dimensions=dimensions))

        return tile_layers


def fi_xslt_transformers(conf, context):
    from mapproxy.featureinfo import XSLTransformer, has_xslt_support
    fi_transformers = {}
    fi_xslt = conf.get('featureinfo_xslt')
    if fi_xslt:
        if not has_xslt_support:
            raise ValueError('featureinfo_xslt requires lxml. Please install.')
        for info_type, fi_xslt in fi_xslt.items():
            fi_xslt = context.globals.abspath(fi_xslt)
            fi_transformers[info_type] = XSLTransformer(fi_xslt)
    return fi_transformers

def extents_for_srs(bbox_srs):
    from mapproxy.layer import DefaultMapExtent, MapExtent
    from mapproxy.srs import SRS
    extents = {}
    for srs in bbox_srs:
        if isinstance(srs, str):
            bbox = DefaultMapExtent()
        else:
            srs, bbox = srs['srs'], srs['bbox']
            bbox = MapExtent(bbox, SRS(srs))

        extents[srs] = bbox

    return extents


class ServiceConfiguration(ConfigurationBase):
    def services(self):
        services = []
        ows_services = []
        for service_name, service_conf in iteritems(self.conf):
            creator = getattr(self, service_name + '_service', None)
            if not creator:
                raise ValueError('unknown service: %s' % service_name)

            new_services = creator(service_conf or {})
            # a creator can return a list of services...
            if not isinstance(new_services, (list, tuple)):
                new_services = [new_services]

            for new_service in new_services:
                if getattr(new_service, 'service', None):
                    ows_services.append(new_service)
                else:
                    services.append(new_service)

        if ows_services:
            from mapproxy.service.ows import OWSServer
            services.append(OWSServer(ows_services))
        return services

    def tile_layers(self, conf, use_grid_names=False):
        layers = odict()
        for layer_name, layer_conf in iteritems(self.context.layers):
            for tile_layer in layer_conf.tile_layers():
                if not tile_layer: continue
                if use_grid_names:
                    # new style layer names are tuples
                    tile_layer.md['name_path'] = (tile_layer.md['name'], tile_layer.md['grid_name'])
                    layers[tile_layer.md['name_path']] = tile_layer
                else:
                    layers[tile_layer.md['name_internal']] = tile_layer
        return layers

    def kml_service(self, conf):
        from mapproxy.service.kml import KMLServer

        md = self.context.services.conf.get('wms', {}).get('md', {}).copy()
        md.update(conf.get('md', {}))
        max_tile_age = self.context.globals.get_value('tiles.expires_hours')
        max_tile_age *= 60 * 60 # seconds
        use_grid_names = conf.get('use_grid_names', False)
        layers = self.tile_layers(conf, use_grid_names=use_grid_names)
        return KMLServer(layers, md, max_tile_age=max_tile_age, use_dimension_layers=use_grid_names)

    def tms_service(self, conf):
        from mapproxy.service.tile import TileServer

        md = self.context.services.conf.get('wms', {}).get('md', {}).copy()
        md.update(conf.get('md', {}))
        max_tile_age = self.context.globals.get_value('tiles.expires_hours')
        max_tile_age *= 60 * 60 # seconds

        origin = conf.get('origin')
        use_grid_names = conf.get('use_grid_names', False)
        layers = self.tile_layers(conf, use_grid_names=use_grid_names)
        return TileServer(layers, md, max_tile_age=max_tile_age, use_dimension_layers=use_grid_names,
            origin=origin)

    def wmts_service(self, conf):
        from mapproxy.service.wmts import WMTSServer, WMTSRestServer

        md = self.context.services.conf.get('wms', {}).get('md', {}).copy()
        md.update(conf.get('md', {}))
        layers = self.tile_layers(conf)

        kvp = conf.get('kvp')
        restful = conf.get('restful')

        max_tile_age = self.context.globals.get_value('tiles.expires_hours')
        max_tile_age *= 60 * 60 # seconds

        if kvp is None and restful is None:
            kvp = restful = True

        services = []
        if kvp:
            services.append(WMTSServer(layers, md, max_tile_age=max_tile_age))
        if restful:
            template = conf.get('restful_template')
            if template and '{{' in template:
                # TODO remove warning in 1.6
                log.warn("double braces in WMTS restful_template are deprecated {{x}} -> {x}")
            services.append(WMTSRestServer(layers, md, template=template,
                max_tile_age=max_tile_age))

        return services

    def wms_service(self, conf):
        from mapproxy.service.wms import WMSServer
        from mapproxy.request.wms import Version

        md = conf.get('md', {})
        inspire_md = conf.get('inspire_md', {})
        tile_layers = self.tile_layers(conf)
        attribution = conf.get('attribution')
        strict = self.context.globals.get_value('strict', conf, global_key='wms.strict')
        on_source_errors = self.context.globals.get_value('on_source_errors',
            conf, global_key='wms.on_source_errors')
        root_layer = self.context.wms_root_layer.wms_layer()
        if not root_layer.title:
            # set title of root layer to WMS title
            root_layer.title = md.get('title')
        concurrent_layer_renderer = self.context.globals.get_value(
            'concurrent_layer_renderer', conf,
            global_key='wms.concurrent_layer_renderer')
        image_formats_names = self.context.globals.get_value('image_formats', conf,
                                                       global_key='wms.image_formats')
        image_formats = odict()
        for format in image_formats_names:
            opts = self.context.globals.image_options.image_opts({}, format)
            if opts.format in image_formats:
                log.warn('duplicate mime-type for WMS image_formats: "%s" already configured',
                    opts.format)
            image_formats[opts.format] = opts
        info_types = conf.get('featureinfo_types')
        srs = self.context.globals.get_value('srs', conf, global_key='wms.srs')
        self.context.globals.base_config.wms.srs = srs
        srs_extents = extents_for_srs(conf.get('bbox_srs', []))

        versions = conf.get('versions')
        if versions:
            versions = sorted([Version(v) for v in versions])

        versions = conf.get('versions')
        if versions:
            versions = sorted([Version(v) for v in versions])

        max_output_pixels = self.context.globals.get_value('max_output_pixels', conf,
            global_key='wms.max_output_pixels')
        if isinstance(max_output_pixels, list):
            max_output_pixels = max_output_pixels[0] * max_output_pixels[1]

        max_tile_age = self.context.globals.get_value('tiles.expires_hours')
        max_tile_age *= 60 * 60 # seconds

        server = WMSServer(root_layer, md, attribution=attribution,
            image_formats=image_formats, info_types=info_types,
            srs=srs, tile_layers=tile_layers, strict=strict, on_error=on_source_errors,
            concurrent_layer_renderer=concurrent_layer_renderer,
            max_output_pixels=max_output_pixels, srs_extents=srs_extents,
            max_tile_age=max_tile_age, versions=versions,
            inspire_md=inspire_md,
            )

        server.fi_transformers = fi_xslt_transformers(conf, self.context)

        return server

    def demo_service(self, conf):
        from mapproxy.service.demo import DemoServer
        services = list(self.context.services.conf.keys())
        md = self.context.services.conf.get('wms', {}).get('md', {}).copy()
        md.update(conf.get('md', {}))
        layers = odict()
        for layer_name, layer_conf in iteritems(self.context.layers):
            layers[layer_name] = layer_conf.wms_layer()
        tile_layers = self.tile_layers(conf)
        image_formats = self.context.globals.get_value('image_formats', conf, global_key='wms.image_formats')
        srs = self.context.globals.get_value('srs', conf, global_key='wms.srs')

        # WMTS restful template
        wmts_conf = self.context.services.conf.get('wmts', {}) or {}
        from mapproxy.service.wmts import WMTSRestServer
        if wmts_conf:
            restful_template = wmts_conf.get('restful_template', WMTSRestServer.default_template)
        else:
            restful_template = WMTSRestServer.default_template

        if 'wmts' in self.context.services.conf:
            kvp = wmts_conf.get('kvp')
            restful = wmts_conf.get('restful')

            if kvp is None and restful is None:
                kvp = restful = True

            if kvp:
                services.append('wmts_kvp')
            if restful:
                services.append('wmts_restful')

        if 'wms' in self.context.services.conf:
            versions = self.context.services.conf['wms'].get('versions', ['1.1.1'])
            if '1.1.1' in versions:
                # demo service only supports 1.1.1, use wms_111 as an indicator
                services.append('wms_111')

        return DemoServer(layers, md, tile_layers=tile_layers,
            image_formats=image_formats, srs=srs, services=services, restful_template=restful_template)


def load_configuration(mapproxy_conf, seed=False, ignore_warnings=True, renderd=False):
    conf_base_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(mapproxy_conf))

    try:
        conf_dict = load_configuration_file([os.path.basename(mapproxy_conf)], conf_base_dir)
    except YAMLError as ex:
        raise ConfigurationError(ex)
    errors, informal_only = validate_mapproxy_conf(conf_dict)
    for error in errors:
        log.warn(error)
    if not informal_only or (errors and not ignore_warnings):
        raise ConfigurationError('invalid configuration')
    return ProxyConfiguration(conf_dict, conf_base_dir=conf_base_dir, seed=seed,
        renderd=renderd)

def load_configuration_file(files, working_dir):
    """
    Return configuration dict from imported files
    """
    # record all config files with timestamp for reloading
    conf_dict = {'__config_files__': {}}
    for conf_file in files:
        conf_file = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(working_dir, conf_file))
        log.info('reading: %s' % conf_file)
        current_dict = load_yaml_file(conf_file)

        conf_dict['__config_files__'][os.path.abspath(conf_file)] = os.path.getmtime(conf_file)

        if 'base' in current_dict:
            current_working_dir = os.path.dirname(conf_file)
            base_files = current_dict.pop('base')
            if isinstance(base_files, string_type):
                base_files = [base_files]
            imported_dict = load_configuration_file(base_files, current_working_dir)
            current_dict = merge_dict(current_dict, imported_dict)

        conf_dict = merge_dict(conf_dict, current_dict)

    return conf_dict

def merge_dict(conf, base):
    """
    Return `base` dict with values from `conf` merged in.
    """
    for k, v in iteritems(conf):
        if k not in base:
            base[k] = v
        else:
            if isinstance(base[k], dict):
                merge_dict(v, base[k])
            else:
                base[k] = v
    return base

def parse_color(color):
    """
    >>> parse_color((100, 12, 55))
    (100, 12, 55)
    >>> parse_color('0xff0530')
    (255, 5, 48)
    >>> parse_color('#FF0530')
    (255, 5, 48)
    >>> parse_color('#FF053080')
    (255, 5, 48, 128)
    """
    if isinstance(color, (list, tuple)) and 3 <= len(color) <= 4:
        return tuple(color)
    if not isinstance(color, string_type):
        raise ValueError('color needs to be a tuple/list or 0xrrggbb/#rrggbb(aa) string, got %r' % color)

    if color.startswith('0x'):
        color = color[2:]
    if color.startswith('#'):
        color = color[1:]

    r, g, b = map(lambda x: int(x, 16), [color[:2], color[2:4], color[4:6]])

    if len(color) == 8:
        a = int(color[6:8], 16)
        return r, g, b, a

    return r, g, b


